WEBVTT 00:00:11.220 --> 00:00:13.220 I'm Ray Quay. I'm with D CDC at Arizona State University. Um I'm gonna 00:00:16.010 --> 00:00:19.366 have Mark come up and make some welcoming comments here right away and 00:00:19.399 --> 00:00:23.977 then Chuck is going to introduce why you're here and what a SU is gonna do 00:00:24.010 --> 00:00:29.276 for you today. So Mark, take it away. Thank you. Thank you. Um No, thank 00:00:29.309 --> 00:00:33.326 you for coming today. Uh So yeah, as uh I don't know if you all of, you 00:00:33.359 --> 00:00:38.457 know, me uh Chief ST officer here at the city and this topic of urban heat 00:00:38.490 --> 00:00:41.496 in Phoenix. Uh It's really been interesting as we study and talk about 00:00:41.529 --> 00:00:45.646 with EPA and the all studies lead back here. So much research has been 00:00:45.679 --> 00:00:49.506 done uh here in Phoenix. It's really the epicenter of all research related 00:00:49.539 --> 00:00:53.896 urban heat. Uh And one of the things, it's interesting a number of months 00:00:53.929 --> 00:00:58.527 ago, um Michael Crow, the head of a SU called Ed and said, you know, we 00:00:58.560 --> 00:01:02.207 really need to get our researchers together and take action on this urban 00:01:02.240 --> 00:01:06.337 heat. And it's really been now something a top priority for the city to 00:01:06.370 --> 00:01:10.676 say, let's really look at this. There's been um historically, a really a 00:01:10.709 --> 00:01:15.876 potpourri around the city of research and of pilot projects that city 00:01:15.909 --> 00:01:19.495 departments have done and really saying, what is it, we can pull together. 00:01:19.528 --> 00:01:24.176 And I think the concept of I'd like to say to you sit back, relax and 00:01:24.209 --> 00:01:28.286 hear this uh rapid fire presentations. But actually, we don't, we want you 00:01:28.319 --> 00:01:32.217 actually to engage, to think of how, what ideas and, and the way to have 00:01:32.250 --> 00:01:36.617 come up with innovation is you take two really good ideas and put them 00:01:36.650 --> 00:01:40.397 together. And so we really want you to see that the research that's been 00:01:40.430 --> 00:01:43.096 done and say, is there any way to apply this and things of the city? I 00:01:43.129 --> 00:01:48.456 mean, we have a $32 billion transportation 2050 plan rolling out. Is there 00:01:48.489 --> 00:01:53.156 a way while we do that, that we can actually employ some of these uh 00:01:53.189 --> 00:01:56.686 techniques and ideas that you'll see presented as we have in just in 00:01:56.719 --> 00:02:00.587 streets alone, 2 billion as part of transportation in repaving our streets 00:02:00.620 --> 00:02:04.676 between now and 2050 80% of them. Is there a way what we can do with our 00:02:04.709 --> 00:02:08.245 streets, our sidewalks, our parking lots, our buildings uh that can really 00:02:08.278 --> 00:02:12.446 have this effect. So let the ideas uh be the whole time engaged to say, 00:02:12.479 --> 00:02:15.717 how can we apply these and what can we do to have a cohesive strategy, 00:02:15.750 --> 00:02:21.186 citywide to really lower uh urban heat. And I guess the last area is um 00:02:21.219 --> 00:02:24.555 that we wanna be thinking about is it's actually heat really 00:02:24.588 --> 00:02:27.896 disproportionately affects some areas of Phoenix, particularly South and 00:02:27.929 --> 00:02:31.585 West Phoenix vulnerable populations. And so, uh really implementing some 00:02:31.618 --> 00:02:35.495 of those first uh in those neighborhoods and really look at, uh I think 00:02:35.528 --> 00:02:40.055 it's been described by some as instead of xeriscape zero escape uh in a 00:02:40.088 --> 00:02:43.577 lot of South Phoenix. And how do we really change that uh to really cool 00:02:43.610 --> 00:02:45.916 it. Um One of the most interesting, I don't know if we're hearing about 00:02:45.949 --> 00:02:50.975 this research today, but we're studied two neighborhoods just two miles 00:02:51.008 --> 00:02:54.916 apart and it was a 13 degree average surface temperature difference 00:02:54.949 --> 00:02:59.745 between those two neighborhoods, 13 degrees. So really saying how it's a 00:02:59.778 --> 00:03:03.505 great value in employing some of these uh can make a real difference. So, 00:03:03.538 --> 00:03:07.096 thank you. Uh welcome and uh looking forward to your ideas and I think 00:03:07.129 --> 00:03:11.677 we'll have Chuck from a su here, introduce us to uh sort of the format of 00:03:11.710 --> 00:03:16.646 this morning. Thank you. So I'm, I'm gonna introduce Chuck and Chuck is a 00:03:16.679 --> 00:03:19.547 very humble guy, but I need all of, you know, that Chuck is pretty much a 00:03:19.580 --> 00:03:23.366 legend at a SU. He's kind of the founder of some of the major 00:03:23.399 --> 00:03:27.055 environmental programs we have. So Chuck take it away. Thank you, Ray. And 00:03:27.088 --> 00:03:32.406 thanks, Mark. Um As Mark said, there's a long history of research on heat 00:03:32.439 --> 00:03:39.305 both by the city of Phoenix by a SU. Um What our hope is is that this is 00:03:39.338 --> 00:03:43.957 um going to move this activity to the next level. What the next level is, 00:03:43.990 --> 00:03:50.536 is as much up to you as it is up to a su. But somehow we want to make 00:03:50.569 --> 00:03:55.136 projects more comprehensive, break down the silos part of that is at a su 00:03:55.169 --> 00:03:58.816 do more interdisciplinary approaches to these things. And for some of us, 00:03:58.849 --> 00:04:02.427 including me, there'll be things that I was unaware of that. I know I'm 00:04:02.460 --> 00:04:05.376 gonna hear about today and that'll be exciting and I'm hopeful that it'll 00:04:05.409 --> 00:04:09.335 be the same for you and that'll be the same across your departments as 00:04:09.368 --> 00:04:15.475 well. Um The first step in this collaboration uh has been taken, you 00:04:15.508 --> 00:04:19.046 haven't quite got it yet, but Mark has promised me, Caitlin Burle Burwell 00:04:19.079 --> 00:04:24.486 , an A su intern in his office has collected at least the first go at the 00:04:24.519 --> 00:04:28.645 history of projects done in the city of Phoenix by the city. And so we're 00:04:28.678 --> 00:04:32.926 hoping we'll get to distribute that to you. We'll link it to our online 00:04:32.959 --> 00:04:36.455 site we'll be talking about during the morning uh that we hope becomes a 00:04:36.488 --> 00:04:41.265 resource for you as well as for us. Uh the next step. So there is a sort 00:04:41.298 --> 00:04:45.555 of compendium of what the city's been doing. The next step is today this 00:04:45.588 --> 00:04:50.245 morning. And that's to give you not an exhaustive, but at least a tasting 00:04:50.278 --> 00:04:55.305 menu of what A SU is doing right now. Sort of the emphasis here is on 00:04:55.338 --> 00:04:58.846 diversity of things not on that, you fully understand each project 00:04:58.879 --> 00:05:03.226 presented because we've only allow 4 to 5 minutes. Uh And we'll be pretty 00:05:03.259 --> 00:05:09.526 strict about that. Um Hopefully, what that's going to do is position 00:05:09.559 --> 00:05:14.286 ourselves both in the short term to collaborate on actual projects that 00:05:14.319 --> 00:05:19.687 you have in the pipeline already and moving soon. And hopefully we can 00:05:19.720 --> 00:05:23.067 help in some way. And that's what today and this morning's about and you 00:05:23.100 --> 00:05:28.486 notice we're split into three sections. There isn't a, an absolute order 00:05:28.519 --> 00:05:32.937 to the world in those sections, but we're trying to divide things up. But 00:05:32.970 --> 00:05:37.676 at the end of each of those three, short groups of papers, we open up some 00:05:37.709 --> 00:05:41.627 time for you to reflect and ask and say, would this make sense for 00:05:41.660 --> 00:05:44.507 something I'm doing? Here's something I'm doing that you haven't thought 00:05:44.540 --> 00:05:48.817 about and so forth. So we're trying to interdigitate what a su is doing 00:05:48.850 --> 00:05:53.426 with 10 or 12 minutes for you to react and say what you think is relevant 00:05:53.459 --> 00:05:57.967 going to it. Um Part of this whole procedure is just getting together and 00:05:58.000 --> 00:06:01.895 sharing ideas. The other part is sort of coming up with some statements 00:06:01.928 --> 00:06:08.476 and one of those sets of statements and if I can use this, it'll work. OK. 00:06:08.509 --> 00:06:12.325 No. 00:06:12.358 --> 00:06:16.916 Oh yes. One of those in the typing small enough that it doesn't matter is 00:06:16.949 --> 00:06:20.687 a set of principles that I think we'll need to agree on. But basically, 00:06:20.720 --> 00:06:25.046 and they're not surprising and mark already said a number of them is in 00:06:25.079 --> 00:06:30.705 the first one is the biggest one for me. I think most people say it's, 00:06:30.738 --> 00:06:34.515 it's hot in Phoenix. There it is. I can't do anything about it. Well, it's 00:06:34.548 --> 00:06:38.616 getting hotter. It's in the 30 odd years I've lived here, the morning 00:06:38.649 --> 00:06:42.836 temperatures have skyrocketed. The, the daytime highs aren't that much 00:06:42.869 --> 00:06:46.616 radically different, but the number of days over 100 is radically 00:06:46.649 --> 00:06:51.116 different. So we are moving, it is getting hotter. I think we all need to 00:06:51.149 --> 00:06:55.346 take an oath that something can be done about this. I mean, if not, and I 00:06:55.379 --> 00:06:59.447 think this is what drives certainly the city manager, if not, it is a 00:06:59.480 --> 00:07:03.846 threat to the future vitality of this city and we can't let that happen. I 00:07:03.879 --> 00:07:07.656 intend to be here and retire here and I can't let my real estate values go 00:07:07.689 --> 00:07:13.336 down so that let's, we can deal with that. Um The second is a point mark 00:07:13.369 --> 00:07:16.586 brought up and that is, it doesn't affect everyone. Equally different 00:07:16.619 --> 00:07:20.377 neighborhoods are, have radically different experiences uh, with urban 00:07:20.410 --> 00:07:24.967 Heat Island in particular. Uh, and we can do something about that. That, 00:07:25.000 --> 00:07:28.536 that is addressable. We need the will, we need to know what it is, you 00:07:28.569 --> 00:07:32.166 know, a fair amount about what has worked and not work. We know other 00:07:32.199 --> 00:07:35.947 things about what could work and might work. Uh We need to get together on 00:07:35.980 --> 00:07:41.426 that and in all of this, we need to set some priorities and that's going 00:07:41.459 --> 00:07:44.757 to be more your business than our business. We might open the door to what 00:07:44.790 --> 00:07:49.627 we think can and can't be done. Uh, but you have to walk in and say this 00:07:49.660 --> 00:07:53.895 is what's important to us. Is it the hottest areas we deal with first? Is 00:07:53.928 --> 00:07:58.086 it the most vulnerable populations? And I heard that, uh, that we need to 00:07:58.119 --> 00:08:01.926 sort of rescue and, and it's low hanging fruit in a lot of these cases, uh 00:08:01.959 --> 00:08:06.507 some tree planting and Richard knows what to do, um could make all the 00:08:06.540 --> 00:08:10.596 difference for them. And so we need to look there. Uh but we need to go 00:08:10.629 --> 00:08:15.555 beyond just uh shade trees. I think we need to start talking about a city 00:08:15.588 --> 00:08:19.236 of a future where we want people to be able to walk in the summer. I mean 00:08:19.269 --> 00:08:23.895 , it, our sidewalks are not cool zones. We need, we want people to 00:08:23.928 --> 00:08:29.895 assemble for meetings for music, for outdoor uh farmers markets. Uh We 00:08:29.928 --> 00:08:34.157 need to make cool areas in the city where people can be cool areas to 00:08:34.190 --> 00:08:38.015 approach bus stops and to be at them or our all our energy at rapid 00:08:38.048 --> 00:08:44.846 transit won't work. Um And the biggest thing is um if we're going to do 00:08:44.879 --> 00:08:49.586 that, uh we need people behind it, obviously the people in this room, a Su 00:08:49.619 --> 00:08:54.385 city of Phoenix staff and, and directors. Um but we also need um the 00:08:54.418 --> 00:08:58.946 general public and I actually think that they're ready. I think we see it 00:08:58.979 --> 00:09:02.547 more and more this year in the news more than ever before. I mean, the 00:09:02.580 --> 00:09:06.866 heat wave at a city like San Francisco, they even thought in Seattle they 00:09:06.899 --> 00:09:11.496 had a heat wave. Um, these are amazing things. These are capturing 00:09:11.529 --> 00:09:17.657 people's ideas and I think, uh we a su and particularly the city of 00:09:17.690 --> 00:09:22.025 Phoenix can be in the national limelight for something good. Uh, And I 00:09:22.058 --> 00:09:27.217 think it's, it, it's an opportunity that we are sort of a canary in a coal 00:09:27.250 --> 00:09:31.255 mine. It is hot here, by the way, even today is a little hot though it was 00:09:31.288 --> 00:09:37.635 very pleasant coming down here. Um We can set the tone, we can set some 00:09:37.668 --> 00:09:42.775 guidelines and what could be done. Um I don't really need the slides. Oops 00:09:42.808 --> 00:09:48.515 , you can't read those. OK. Uh This is the one saying we need people 00:09:48.548 --> 00:09:53.076 behind it. Um But I would like to believe that at the end of today, we 00:09:53.109 --> 00:09:58.496 will be collaborating on 23 or four short term on the ground projects 00:09:58.529 --> 00:10:02.476 happening. But I also want us to lay the foundation for, for making 00:10:02.509 --> 00:10:06.576 Phoenix uh the leader nationally and potentially internationally in 00:10:06.609 --> 00:10:11.717 addressing heat. Urban heat is AAA problem of the 21st century for 00:10:11.750 --> 00:10:17.096 probably 40% of the global population. And we are in a position to uh set 00:10:17.129 --> 00:10:20.856 the tone for that. And I think um we do it for ourselves, but we also can 00:10:20.889 --> 00:10:25.106 do it uh uh for the rest of the world. So I'm looking forward to these 00:10:25.139 --> 00:10:29.417 presentations and um hopefully we'll be able not just to learn but to um 00:10:29.450 --> 00:10:36.326 get together on a lot of them. 00:10:36.359 --> 00:10:41.246 Ok. So, as has been mentioned, we have a whole series, 16 different rapid 00:10:41.279 --> 00:10:44.677 fire presentations that we're gonna present you today. We've grouped them 00:10:44.710 --> 00:10:48.895 into a topical areas. Um, the agendas on the table give you an idea of 00:10:48.928 --> 00:10:53.657 what those topical areas are. After each to, uh, after the lightning talks 00:10:53.690 --> 00:10:58.116 for each topic, we're gonna have 10 minutes for discussion. Uh If anybody 00:10:58.149 --> 00:11:02.326 has some clarifying question that they really are compelled to ask, we'll 00:11:02.359 --> 00:11:05.606 go ahead and answer there, but we really want to spend our time in you 00:11:05.639 --> 00:11:10.157 discussing how does, what was just presented, what you heard relate to 00:11:10.190 --> 00:11:14.356 what you do here at the city of Phoenix. And let me assure you, everybody 00:11:14.389 --> 00:11:20.292 in this room is affected by, um, the urban heat, extreme heat, urban Heat 00:11:20.325 --> 00:11:23.191 Island, there isn't anybody in here that isn't going to be affected in 00:11:23.224 --> 00:11:26.851 some way by that. And so it's important for you. We want you to be 00:11:26.884 --> 00:11:30.912 thinking about that. How does it affect what I do and how can we use this 00:11:30.945 --> 00:11:36.167 to try to help us adapt to the urban heat? Um And if you are interested, 00:11:36.200 --> 00:11:38.986 if you have a, if you don't want to ask a question because you're, you, 00:11:39.019 --> 00:11:41.826 you feel like Well, he just said those compelling questions, those 00:11:41.859 --> 00:11:45.956 clarified. Now mine's not that important. We have a, a piece of paper at 00:11:45.989 --> 00:11:49.606 the table, several pieces of paper that you can write your question down 00:11:49.639 --> 00:11:54.037 on or if you want to reach out to one of the researchers to make a 00:11:54.070 --> 00:11:57.206 connection with them, which we encourage you to do. You can also do that 00:11:57.239 --> 00:12:00.336 with this piece of paper, mark on it. Who you would like to contact, put 00:12:00.369 --> 00:12:04.366 your name and your email address on there and we'll connect you with those 00:12:04.399 --> 00:12:08.057 people. So any questions at all about how we're gonna get started today, 00:12:08.090 --> 00:12:10.726 particularly from the speakers, all the speakers you all understand five 00:12:10.759 --> 00:12:14.436 minutes. You have five minutes. OK. All right. All right. OK. So let's get 00:12:14.469 --> 00:12:18.116 started. I'm gonna introduce David Sailor, who's with the School of 00:12:18.149 --> 00:12:24.336 Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning at a Su David. 00:12:24.369 --> 00:12:29.246 All right. Thank you. And uh I understand that as a kickoff talk. Each 00:12:29.279 --> 00:12:32.895 session, we eight minutes, right? You think about? All right. So I'll 00:12:32.928 --> 00:12:38.336 speak fast. So, um my, my goal in this presentation is to start by sort of 00:12:38.369 --> 00:12:42.976 kicking off this session on urban form materials and composition and how 00:12:43.009 --> 00:12:47.236 they affect urban heat uh with some sort of a broad overview and then I'll 00:12:47.269 --> 00:12:51.525 get into some specific research of my own on this topic. So let me jump 00:12:51.558 --> 00:12:55.505 right in. Uh So what is the role of urban form, materials and composition 00:12:55.538 --> 00:13:00.047 ? In the urban energy balance. Uh So we start with this figure here and we 00:13:00.080 --> 00:13:03.677 look at the key drivers of the energy balance, which are the sources of 00:13:03.710 --> 00:13:08.167 energy input into the urban setting. It starts with short wave radiation 00:13:08.200 --> 00:13:13.025 from the sun. That's the key driver of, of the uh urban energy balance. 00:13:13.058 --> 00:13:16.467 But there's also a source of energy that's input by our own activities, 00:13:16.500 --> 00:13:22.635 waste heat from buildings, uh industry and vehicles. So how this energy 00:13:22.668 --> 00:13:27.436 that enters the environment and uh is sort of moved around um in in the 00:13:27.469 --> 00:13:32.895 city depends on a number of factors related to urban form and materials. 00:13:32.928 --> 00:13:36.625 So there's convection, there's long wave radiation emission from surfaces 00:13:36.658 --> 00:13:41.645 , there's thermal storage as a function of the material density and and 00:13:41.678 --> 00:13:44.807 the heat capacity of the materials in the city. And then there's 00:13:44.840 --> 00:13:49.826 evaporation that takes some of the, the heat that's in the city and moves 00:13:49.859 --> 00:13:55.116 it into evaporative cooling. So how do we uh mitigate urban heat in the 00:13:55.149 --> 00:14:00.427 city? Well, there are a number of, of opportunities here in terms of how 00:14:00.460 --> 00:14:04.576 we address some of the key drivers. So for example, at the local scale, we 00:14:04.609 --> 00:14:10.177 can think about shading of of solar radiation in terms of the radiation 00:14:10.210 --> 00:14:13.515 from the sun hitting surfaces, uh we can make those surfaces more 00:14:13.548 --> 00:14:16.157 reflective to that radiation, that would be something we would refer to as 00:14:16.190 --> 00:14:21.407 high albedo surfaces. And then furthermore, uh the the form of the city 00:14:21.440 --> 00:14:25.226 itself. And the the depth of these urban canyons actually affects 00:14:25.259 --> 00:14:29.895 radiation trapping. Uh So the sun coming in during the day, uh more of 00:14:29.928 --> 00:14:34.287 that solar energy is stored in the building materials. And at night as 00:14:34.320 --> 00:14:37.836 you're trying to cool the city through long wave evaporative or long wave 00:14:37.869 --> 00:14:42.537 emissions, um that trapping actually makes it harder for surfaces to cool. 00:14:42.570 --> 00:14:46.476 So that's an element of urban form. That's important Vapo transpiration. 00:14:46.509 --> 00:14:50.186 Obviously, the more vegetation you have, the more pervious materials you 00:14:50.219 --> 00:14:55.005 have in the city, the better able you are to to use moisture as an 00:14:55.038 --> 00:14:58.645 evaporative cooler for the city. And then of course, how you design the, 00:14:58.678 --> 00:15:04.005 the mi the city in terms of the materials affects thermal storage. 00:15:04.038 --> 00:15:08.366 So with that as sort of a an overview of some of the key issues related to 00:15:08.399 --> 00:15:12.956 how urban form materials and composition affect the uh climate and what we 00:15:12.989 --> 00:15:16.346 can do about it. You know, the next set of questions really have to do 00:15:16.379 --> 00:15:21.336 with, with which which strategies do we choose and how do we deploy them? 00:15:21.369 --> 00:15:25.525 So I would say that before we, we go that far, we need to step back and 00:15:25.558 --> 00:15:28.677 ask ourselves, well, what is it that we're really trying to solve? And 00:15:28.710 --> 00:15:33.375 oftentimes cities will glo glom onto this concept of, well, we want to 00:15:33.408 --> 00:15:36.177 reduce the urban heat island and I would say you don't really want to 00:15:36.210 --> 00:15:39.436 reduce the urban heat island per se. What you really want to do is you 00:15:39.469 --> 00:15:43.326 want to think about your underlying goals, which very co very commonly are 00:15:43.359 --> 00:15:46.816 , we want to improve health and well being for our citizens. We want to 00:15:46.849 --> 00:15:50.125 reduce heat related mortality. And so if your focus is questions like that 00:15:50.158 --> 00:15:54.427 , you'll be thinking beyond temperature differences between city and, and 00:15:54.460 --> 00:15:57.096 suburbs, you'll be thinking about humidity, you'll be thinking about 00:15:57.129 --> 00:16:02.385 mixing uh and all sorts of, of other climate parameters in the city. So 00:16:02.418 --> 00:16:04.956 now why is research needed? Why do we need to come together with the city 00:16:04.989 --> 00:16:09.226 ? Because uh you've got great questions. We've got great questions, but we 00:16:09.259 --> 00:16:13.635 need our, our questions to address what your concerns are. And you have to 00:16:13.668 --> 00:16:18.885 recognize that uh there are a lot of complications and nuances related to 00:16:18.918 --> 00:16:21.927 implementing strategies. So there are co benefits of any strategy you 00:16:21.960 --> 00:16:25.417 might consider and there are also potential unintended adverse 00:16:25.450 --> 00:16:29.336 consequences. So we need to understand those aspects of heat mitigation. 00:16:29.369 --> 00:16:33.015 We also have to understand that any heat mitigation strategy you implement 00:16:33.048 --> 00:16:36.407 affects multiple climate variables and it affects these variables across 00:16:36.440 --> 00:16:39.826 space and across time. So you have different effects at night than in the 00:16:39.859 --> 00:16:43.875 daytime and winter and summer. And then furthermore, it's not just a 00:16:43.908 --> 00:16:47.706 matter of deploying heat mitigation strategies. Let's plant, am uh you 00:16:47.739 --> 00:16:52.057 know, a million trees or whatnot. It's the spatial distribution of these 00:16:52.090 --> 00:16:56.927 trees. It's a spatial distribution of surfaces that you modify that, that 00:16:56.960 --> 00:17:01.895 also play a role in affecting the urban thermal signature. So with that as 00:17:01.928 --> 00:17:04.906 sort of an overview of the topic area, I wanna jump quickly into my own 00:17:04.939 --> 00:17:09.696 research and how it relates to some of Phoenix's needs related to uh heat 00:17:09.729 --> 00:17:13.097 mitigation. So I've worked in a number of cities most recently, my current 00:17:13.130 --> 00:17:18.486 projects kind of focus on Los Angeles, Houston and Phoenix. And so I've 00:17:18.519 --> 00:17:21.245 grouped them into sort of two categories of projects I'm working on. One 00:17:21.278 --> 00:17:26.345 is targeted heat mitigation. So the goal in this suite of projects really 00:17:26.378 --> 00:17:30.206 is to reduce vulnerability to extreme heat, but through strategic 00:17:30.239 --> 00:17:34.265 allocation of resources, so that the word targeted is very important here. 00:17:34.298 --> 00:17:38.236 So when we think of v vulnerability, we think of the populations that are 00:17:38.269 --> 00:17:41.835 sensitive, we think of those that don't have the adaptive capacity to 00:17:41.868 --> 00:17:46.126 respond and we think about exposure, those are the three key pillars of 00:17:46.159 --> 00:17:49.607 vulnerability. And so we can overlay. This is a study that we did for Los 00:17:49.640 --> 00:17:55.107 Angeles, but it's obviously very uh translatable to Phoenix. Uh We overlay 00:17:55.140 --> 00:17:59.347 where the elderly are, where the poor are and where there's extreme 00:17:59.380 --> 00:18:03.426 exposure and extreme exposure for L A can actually be inland where it's 00:18:03.459 --> 00:18:07.545 very hot or it can also be closer to the coast where it's not as hot but 00:18:07.578 --> 00:18:12.035 there's less uh availability of air conditioning. So in that project, we 00:18:12.068 --> 00:18:17.637 recognize the importance of of understanding heat mitigation across scale. 00:18:17.670 --> 00:18:21.696 So it's not all about very local scales. It's not all about very large 00:18:21.729 --> 00:18:25.367 scales. We need to sort of integrate uh our understanding of effects. So 00:18:25.400 --> 00:18:29.897 from the county to regional scales where we can explore the impact uh sort 00:18:29.930 --> 00:18:34.535 of the area impact of specific modifications that we might propose at the 00:18:34.568 --> 00:18:38.325 neighborhood scale to explore local microclimate effects of specific case 00:18:38.358 --> 00:18:42.117 studies. So what can we do to cool a particular neighborhood? But then 00:18:42.150 --> 00:18:45.045 also recognizing that it's not all about the outdoor environment. So we 00:18:45.078 --> 00:18:48.127 need to kind of go to the building scale to explore the effects of heat 00:18:48.160 --> 00:18:52.607 mitigation strategies uh at the local scale in terms of indoor thermal 00:18:52.640 --> 00:18:56.416 comfort and air conditioning, energy use. And what happens if say your air 00:18:56.449 --> 00:19:00.496 conditioner goes out. So that project has some overlaps with this home air 00:19:00.529 --> 00:19:04.387 project that we're doing in Houston right now. The goal of this project is 00:19:04.420 --> 00:19:08.285 really to understand how construction management practices and occupant 00:19:08.318 --> 00:19:12.506 behavior interact and influence indoor air quality and thermal 00:19:12.539 --> 00:19:17.045 environments uh during air quality episodes and extreme heat events. But 00:19:17.078 --> 00:19:21.266 with an emphasis on understanding, well, what happens when you have uh a 00:19:21.299 --> 00:19:25.565 heat wave that's coincident with a power failure which actually has 00:19:25.598 --> 00:19:30.996 happened fairly recently. Um And so we refer to that as a heat disaster. 00:19:31.029 --> 00:19:34.446 And so that's, that's one of the the key areas that we're looking at and 00:19:34.479 --> 00:19:39.117 the methods in this study is a case study of field measurements in 20 00:19:39.150 --> 00:19:42.867 assisted living facilities in Houston. And yes, during Harvey, we were 00:19:42.900 --> 00:19:46.406 actively monitoring me making measurements. In fact, those sensors are 00:19:46.439 --> 00:19:49.256 gonna be coming home in about two weeks and we're going to be doing some 00:19:49.289 --> 00:19:53.545 analysis of that. Uh We're using those that field study along with surveys 00:19:53.578 --> 00:19:57.686 , surveys that we're actually replicating in Los Angeles and Phoenix uh 00:19:57.719 --> 00:20:00.825 modeling work at the building scale to the to the neighborhood and 00:20:00.858 --> 00:20:05.075 regional scales and laboratory measurements. So this is just, I'm gonna 00:20:05.108 --> 00:20:09.026 give you a flavor of, of two of the research questions that we've been 00:20:09.059 --> 00:20:12.535 addressing to understand the kinds of findings we're getting. So the first 00:20:12.568 --> 00:20:16.656 question is how hot and polluted does it get indoors during a heat 00:20:16.689 --> 00:20:20.565 disaster? So a heat wave with air conditioning failure and while it might 00:20:20.598 --> 00:20:23.967 be difficult to see this, this plot in detail, the upshot is that during a 00:20:24.000 --> 00:20:29.065 power outage, the indoor temperatures can easily rise well above ambient 00:20:29.098 --> 00:20:32.897 outdoor temperatures. So that's this blue line. So shortly after that 00:20:32.930 --> 00:20:36.726 power failure relative to the green line, which is the actual outdoor 00:20:36.759 --> 00:20:41.506 ambient temperature. Um and also the indoor air quality. In this case, 00:20:41.539 --> 00:20:44.795 we're just looking indoor ozone, uh which is typically much lower than 00:20:44.828 --> 00:20:48.516 outdoor ozone, of course, but it can rise rapidly depending upon the 00:20:48.549 --> 00:20:53.565 occupant behavior and the behavioral response to the episode. So there's 00:20:53.598 --> 00:20:58.226 some interesting interplay between indoor air quality and sort of thermal 00:20:58.259 --> 00:21:03.137 resilience um related to that we're asking a question of how do energy 00:21:03.170 --> 00:21:07.285 efficiency measures affect the ability of a building to maintain a healthy 00:21:07.318 --> 00:21:11.236 indoor thermal condition. Something we refer to as passive survivability 00:21:11.269 --> 00:21:14.387 when we're thinking about what happens if you don't have ac how quickly 00:21:14.420 --> 00:21:19.186 does the house heat up? And so the, the two upshots from this are that yes 00:21:19.219 --> 00:21:22.756 , you can deploy a wide range of energy efficiency strategies from high al 00:21:22.789 --> 00:21:27.196 beta roofs to better insulation in the walls or, or ceilings to window 00:21:27.229 --> 00:21:34.436 retrofits and all this and the the effect on energy savings is there. But 00:21:34.469 --> 00:21:37.226 anything you do to the building is going to also affect its passive 00:21:37.259 --> 00:21:40.946 survivability. And so one thing that we've identified here is that for 00:21:40.979 --> 00:21:46.555 example, in existing older construction buildings, uh adding a high 00:21:46.588 --> 00:21:51.736 Alberta roof actually can reduce the number of hours outside this passive 00:21:51.769 --> 00:21:57.315 survivability metric by on the order of 25%. So you can have huge effects 00:21:57.348 --> 00:22:01.617 on passive survivability. So with that, I'll conclude, it hopefully gives 00:22:01.650 --> 00:22:04.897 you a flavor of the types of things that I'm doing and hopefully it is 00:22:04.930 --> 00:22:11.347 also a little bit of an intro introduction to this session. Thanks, 00:22:11.380 --> 00:22:15.696 thanks David. So next up, we have Billy Turner, Billy's with the school 00:22:15.729 --> 00:22:21.607 Geographical Sciences and urban planning and the school sustainability. 00:22:21.640 --> 00:22:26.627 Uh So very quickly, I'm one of a group of people working out of this 00:22:26.660 --> 00:22:31.887 particular lab that are very much interested on the uh distribution that 00:22:31.920 --> 00:22:36.585 is a patterning in the shape of land covers from the household level up to 00:22:36.618 --> 00:22:41.367 neighborhoods in regard to how uh this would affect uh uh temperature, 00:22:41.400 --> 00:22:46.387 both land surface temperature and a above ground temperature. And I call 00:22:46.420 --> 00:22:50.426 this land architecture or land system architecture, meaning that there is 00:22:50.459 --> 00:22:55.656 a design to the horizontal uh shaping of different land covers, the 00:22:55.689 --> 00:22:59.075 composition and configuration of land covers and which configuration 00:22:59.108 --> 00:23:05.555 involves pattern, connectivity and shape uh of, of the land covers. And we 00:23:05.588 --> 00:23:09.756 , as I said, we have any number of people uh who are working on this 00:23:09.789 --> 00:23:14.357 particular activity. And I just want to show you a few uh all the results 00:23:14.390 --> 00:23:18.756 that I'm going to give you uh our results that I would argue are in first 00:23:18.789 --> 00:23:23.117 stage analysis, meaning yes, they've been published. But I would still 00:23:23.150 --> 00:23:26.897 argue, you know, there's two or three more steps to go before we move 00:23:26.930 --> 00:23:31.325 forward. And I'm sorry, I never know how to, there we go. All right. And 00:23:31.358 --> 00:23:34.416 um the other point I want to make out is we have not include any 00:23:34.449 --> 00:23:37.967 verticality in these studies. And the reason for that is that we haven't 00:23:38.000 --> 00:23:43.416 had lidar data until now. And so now we'll start adding verticality into 00:23:43.449 --> 00:23:48.627 this into this notion of what is the configuration of the land system. I 00:23:48.660 --> 00:23:53.686 want to show you four results. The first three results are from studies uh 00:23:53.719 --> 00:23:58.416 examining uh excuse me. The first three results are studies using frag 00:23:58.449 --> 00:24:04.377 stats. These are distributional uh measures that come out of ecology to 00:24:04.410 --> 00:24:07.835 say different land covers have different patterns, different shapes and 00:24:07.868 --> 00:24:12.835 whatnot. The bottom one is a a new metric used in the spatial sciences 00:24:12.868 --> 00:24:17.607 called uh normal momentum of inertia. And it's not important as to, to 00:24:17.640 --> 00:24:21.986 what that means. Uh And so let me go very quickly through them. So these 00:24:22.019 --> 00:24:26.686 are, as I said, are all sort of initial stage studies, they're all done at 00:24:26.719 --> 00:24:31.637 the parcel level, right? So they begin with 1 m square land covers of 00:24:31.670 --> 00:24:37.406 individual parcels and build up to uh neighborhoods. So in the first, this 00:24:37.439 --> 00:24:43.065 is looking at above ground temperature, OK, not land surface temperature. 00:24:43.098 --> 00:24:47.456 And all I'm gonna give you are the most robust results from the studies, 00:24:47.489 --> 00:24:53.006 not the multiple uh parts of the study. So the big message in our first 00:24:53.039 --> 00:24:58.656 analysis of above ground temperature is that the complexity that is the 00:24:58.689 --> 00:25:06.266 shape of the residential unit turns out to be quite robust uh in terms of 00:25:06.299 --> 00:25:10.756 temperature reducing temperature, especially at night time. And we find 00:25:10.789 --> 00:25:16.467 this difficult to explain. Uh we're still in the stage of trying to 00:25:16.500 --> 00:25:20.545 address why would this happen? We need liar data. We think before we can 00:25:20.578 --> 00:25:24.706 really begin to answer that question in regard to the issue of shading and 00:25:24.739 --> 00:25:29.666 whatnot. And number two, what you see. And now this is on land surface 00:25:29.699 --> 00:25:34.266 temperature done around the entire valley that the more you have small 00:25:34.299 --> 00:25:39.217 patches of different land covers tightly connected with one another. 00:25:39.250 --> 00:25:42.986 That's what I'm trying to show you all uh in, in the picture, right? The 00:25:43.019 --> 00:25:47.035 more you get uh an increase. Uh I believe I can't read this from here 00:25:47.068 --> 00:25:50.486 increase in daytime temperature 00:25:50.519 --> 00:25:57.357 number three and here we're getting into shape uh as you move from, uh 00:25:57.390 --> 00:26:02.867 let's say, more compact kind of shapes in certain land covers to complex 00:26:02.900 --> 00:26:06.877 shapes of land covers. Now remember this from individual households up to 00:26:06.910 --> 00:26:10.607 neighborhoods. Uh what are the results? And you can see that we do get uh 00:26:10.640 --> 00:26:16.706 differences uh as the shapes increase in complexity. And that's what I'm 00:26:16.739 --> 00:26:20.835 trying to show you in the, in the, in the picture, uh you get uh increased 00:26:20.868 --> 00:26:26.516 or decreased uh temperatures. Uh and I can't read it, sorry. Uh But you 00:26:26.549 --> 00:26:33.516 can read exactly what it says. It happens in the last um um in the last 00:26:33.549 --> 00:26:38.555 study and number four, using a normal mo momentum of inertia, which comes 00:26:38.588 --> 00:26:43.196 from spatial analytics. Basically, what this is telling us is that as the 00:26:43.229 --> 00:26:48.906 shapes become more compact and densely associated with each other, the 00:26:48.939 --> 00:26:53.367 greater cooling effect or the grating heating effect that you get from the 00:26:53.400 --> 00:26:57.305 different land covers. Now, when I say land cover, I'm talking grass 00:26:57.338 --> 00:27:02.795 versus trees versus uh impervious surface versus buildings versus right, 00:27:02.828 --> 00:27:07.371 the whole array of different land covers uh that are out there, we're 00:27:07.404 --> 00:27:12.440 beginning to find if you would uh some very interesting uh results that in 00:27:12.473 --> 00:27:16.722 fact, something more than composition is involved. Now, very quickly, can 00:27:16.755 --> 00:27:19.851 we do that? Can we do something to optimize this? To tell us something 00:27:19.884 --> 00:27:24.526 about Phoenix? Here we are, I should point out this is central Phoenix, uh 00:27:24.559 --> 00:27:28.726 south central Phoenix. And what we've done is create an optimization model. 00:27:28.759 --> 00:27:33.406 Those little squares that you see are 100 and 80 square, uh uh 100 and 80 00:27:33.439 --> 00:27:38.127 100 and 80 m across. And what they show you, if you had that many spaces 00:27:38.160 --> 00:27:42.607 to green, it shows you the degree of greening you would get during the day 00:27:42.640 --> 00:27:46.617 and the de the de degree of greening you would get uh not the degree of 00:27:46.650 --> 00:27:49.897 temperature that you would get during the day versus uh during the night. 00:27:49.930 --> 00:27:54.246 And you can see the very significant ones you get uh during the day and 00:27:54.279 --> 00:27:59.637 you would say, OK, but we, we can't change those at night. So we do an 00:27:59.670 --> 00:28:02.825 analysis of the optimization. And in fact, if you could do this patterning 00:28:02.858 --> 00:28:09.045 , according to our model, you would get 96% of the daytime cooling as well 00:28:09.078 --> 00:28:14.045 as 96 96% of the nighttime cooling. So these are just some of the kinds of 00:28:14.078 --> 00:28:18.746 ways we're trying to deal with the uh land architecture of the city and 00:28:18.779 --> 00:28:26.779 how it affects temperature. 00:28:38.858 --> 00:28:41.666 What? 00:28:41.699 --> 00:28:48.686 No, you could place them. 00:28:48.719 --> 00:28:56.719 You would get that kind of impact according to our initial models. 00:28:57.219 --> 00:29:03.035 OK. Thanks. Thanks Billy. So next up. We have Chris Homa Haney. Thank you. 00:29:03.068 --> 00:29:06.877 Sorry, Haney. Sorry, thanks. All right, thanks. 00:29:06.910 --> 00:29:10.746 Uh, hi, everybody. Thanks for having me. Um I'm gonna talk about, um, 00:29:10.779 --> 00:29:14.085 parking infrastructure in Maricopa County. Uh This project has only 00:29:14.118 --> 00:29:17.805 recently started so I don't have some results related to necessarily heat 00:29:17.838 --> 00:29:21.847 , but I have some potential strategies or potential ideas that we can move 00:29:21.880 --> 00:29:26.416 forward. So, um why and how I'm gonna get into that really quick? Um Why 00:29:26.449 --> 00:29:31.946 basically parking is uh a strong influence on urban form and vice versa. 00:29:31.979 --> 00:29:35.686 So there's a very, there's a lot of interest in kind of quantifying how 00:29:35.719 --> 00:29:39.575 many parking spaces there are in the region to, to see how that influences 00:29:39.608 --> 00:29:43.196 urban form, which ultimately influences heat. And there's also extremely 00:29:43.229 --> 00:29:46.555 limited knowledge on the amount of parking we have not just in Maricopa 00:29:46.588 --> 00:29:50.946 County, but all around there is usually very few studies that look at kind 00:29:50.979 --> 00:29:55.736 of where parking is, how much parking there is and why it is there. And 00:29:55.769 --> 00:29:58.805 then finally, once we have uh a quantification of how much there is, we'll 00:29:58.838 --> 00:30:02.045 be able to look at some potential heat mitigation strategies. Um So how 00:30:02.078 --> 00:30:05.936 we're doing this um looking at basically taking um the assessor's database 00:30:05.969 --> 00:30:11.627 , um parcel data and then um property use codes and then cross referencing 00:30:11.660 --> 00:30:15.416 that with parking codes by the different municipalities. So for example, 00:30:15.449 --> 00:30:18.486 um commercial building in Phoenix might have a different requirement of 00:30:18.519 --> 00:30:21.706 parking spaces in a commercial building in Tempe. Um, you know, there 00:30:21.739 --> 00:30:26.897 might be a requirement of one space for 300 square feet of, um, floor 00:30:26.930 --> 00:30:30.217 space or, or et cetera. And then by combining these, we'll be able to 00:30:30.250 --> 00:30:33.035 estimate off street parking. And then next, we'll also want to look at, uh 00:30:33.068 --> 00:30:35.305 , on street parking. So I'm just gonna show some of the quick preliminary 00:30:35.338 --> 00:30:38.496 results. This doesn't have to do with heat per se. This is just 00:30:38.529 --> 00:30:41.936 quantification of where parking is in. Um, Maricopa County. This is the 00:30:41.969 --> 00:30:46.446 zoomed in um, kind of urban area. And so you can see we're kind of right 00:30:46.479 --> 00:30:50.137 there in the middle and a lot, not surprisingly, uh, the highest density 00:30:50.170 --> 00:30:54.176 of parking is in downtown Phoenix. But you also see, um, some kind of 00:30:54.209 --> 00:30:58.295 patches that are kind of higher density, um, all around the region and 00:30:58.328 --> 00:31:02.315 those are usually, um, you know, parking or, um, high density parking, um 00:31:02.348 --> 00:31:09.357 , commercial malls and, um, mixed use areas. And then, uh, a lot of the 00:31:09.390 --> 00:31:12.347 parking also kind of the density of parking also follows some of the 00:31:12.380 --> 00:31:15.926 highways. Um, so, you know, easy access for people getting right off the 00:31:15.959 --> 00:31:21.825 highway to access, uh, all different types of commercial areas. And so 00:31:21.858 --> 00:31:27.387 basically, the next steps for this analysis is once we've, um, quantified 00:31:27.420 --> 00:31:30.666 on street parking, we'll be able to combine off street on street parking, 00:31:30.699 --> 00:31:35.226 look at the distribution of parking in the region and then inspect, um, 00:31:35.259 --> 00:31:40.946 kind of where um how parking might relate to high quality transit. Um So 00:31:40.979 --> 00:31:45.617 we're interested in that because uh thermal environment might increase um 00:31:45.650 --> 00:31:48.867 due to different kinds of pavements. And, um you know, when we're 00:31:48.900 --> 00:31:52.456 concerned about heat exposure and people's thermal comfort, um we wanna 00:31:52.489 --> 00:31:56.526 make sure that that's lower in, in transit areas preferably. And then also 00:31:56.559 --> 00:31:59.906 look at uh the historical analysis of parking trends, this is related to 00:31:59.939 --> 00:32:03.397 urban form and see how urban form relates to the development of parking in 00:32:03.430 --> 00:32:07.147 the region and also how parking might influence urban form. And then 00:32:07.180 --> 00:32:10.656 finally, we'll be able to look at mitigation strategies um such as cool 00:32:10.689 --> 00:32:14.186 pavements, increasing albedo um and possibly even changing parking 00:32:14.219 --> 00:32:22.219 requirements in the region. And that's, that's all I have. So. 00:32:24.259 --> 00:32:28.377 Ok, so hopefully I get this last name right. So next up, we have Jeff 00:32:28.410 --> 00:32:36.410 Stenar Club. Sorry. All right, go ahead. Alright. Thank you, Ray again. My 00:32:36.989 --> 00:32:42.127 name is Jeff Stemper. I'm a senior engineer with uh N CE and also uh a 00:32:42.160 --> 00:32:47.585 faculty member that supports the School of Sustainability and at Su and 00:32:47.618 --> 00:32:51.147 the National Center of Excellence for Smart Innovations, our lab at the, 00:32:51.180 --> 00:32:54.426 at the university. So I'm gonna talk to you about pavements and the urban 00:32:54.459 --> 00:32:57.756 heat island effect. And this is a really good uh Chris really led into 00:32:57.789 --> 00:33:01.795 this nicely because you'll see how selection of materials on projects 00:33:01.828 --> 00:33:07.226 around the city or urban areas can actually impact uh what effects you see 00:33:07.259 --> 00:33:10.467 in terms of urban Heat island, 00:33:10.500 --> 00:33:13.406 I guess you can just start out with questions is, you know, you're looking 00:33:13.439 --> 00:33:16.825 at this from a big perspective is how do you evaluate it? How do you even 00:33:16.858 --> 00:33:21.176 start to evaluate uh what are the driving factors? Uh You look at the 00:33:21.209 --> 00:33:24.295 engineering properties and materials in the sciences? Uh do the physical 00:33:24.328 --> 00:33:28.686 and thermal properties and materials even matter or should we just uh look 00:33:28.719 --> 00:33:33.295 for white surfaces everywhere? Uh There's many different questions. Uh You 00:33:33.328 --> 00:33:36.426 guys will have these slides so you can look at them and potentially this 00:33:36.459 --> 00:33:39.887 will generate some discussion for after the presentation here. And then 00:33:39.920 --> 00:33:44.387 what tools and models are out there? How can we do this some ways to, I 00:33:44.420 --> 00:33:47.776 just want to present a few ways of how we would even evaluate these is one 00:33:47.809 --> 00:33:50.916 of the big ones you'll probably see everywhere is the the aster the mal 00:33:50.949 --> 00:33:54.206 imaging. This is satellite imaging. I'll show you pictures in the next 00:33:54.239 --> 00:33:58.926 slide. Another example is what was done. What we did before was mobile uh 00:33:58.959 --> 00:34:03.097 measurements around the city of Phoenix with a truck with equipment on it. 00:34:03.130 --> 00:34:06.006 Uh We have laboratory testing capabilities to actually measure the 00:34:06.039 --> 00:34:11.686 properties of materials. Uh The other images uh on the top right is an 00:34:11.719 --> 00:34:15.845 image in downtown Chicago with a thermal imaging camera. Uh One of the 00:34:15.878 --> 00:34:18.807 researchers actually did a study rode around in a police helicopter and 00:34:18.840 --> 00:34:21.905 took these images. But you can see the the yellow, the hot areas, the 00:34:21.938 --> 00:34:26.066 pavement surfaces, the some portions of the building. And another way is 00:34:26.099 --> 00:34:29.166 to actually embed sensors and pavements where we can take measurements of 00:34:29.199 --> 00:34:31.776 the temperatures. 00:34:31.809 --> 00:34:35.997 So when you start looking at here, these pictures really started this 00:34:36.030 --> 00:34:39.327 initiative in terms of the impacts of pavements is if you look on the left 00:34:39.360 --> 00:34:43.077 image, this is uh during the daytime, the images and you see the yellow is 00:34:43.110 --> 00:34:48.365 the hottest color. The hottest areas around the city are the the rock 00:34:48.398 --> 00:34:54.256 formation, South Mountain camel back the airport downtown. But then what 00:34:54.289 --> 00:34:59.075 really brought this into light is look at the nighttime temperature, ok? 00:34:59.108 --> 00:35:03.967 You look at the night time and you still see areas that uh I guess what, 00:35:04.000 --> 00:35:07.586 what's the biggest areas you see here that are still red. This is at 11 00:35:07.619 --> 00:35:12.287 o'clock at night as you see again, camel back area the airport, but you 00:35:12.320 --> 00:35:16.396 start to see the city streets uh light up. So you see that pavements do 00:35:16.429 --> 00:35:22.247 have an impact on uh retaining that heat at night time. 00:35:22.280 --> 00:35:25.916 There's a lot of news media coverage out there about painting surfaces 00:35:25.949 --> 00:35:30.146 white and this does have valid imp impacts, especially in terms of looking 00:35:30.179 --> 00:35:34.517 at rooftops on buildings. However, when you start to look at pavements is 00:35:34.550 --> 00:35:38.736 we're physically on these surfaces, we're not on the rooftops necessarily. 00:35:38.769 --> 00:35:44.336 So now we have an effect of uh reflective surfaces, uh human factors that 00:35:44.369 --> 00:35:48.175 come into play in selection of these material properties. So the big 00:35:48.208 --> 00:35:51.675 takeaway here is that when you're looking at pavement materials, it's not 00:35:51.708 --> 00:35:56.486 just a black and white answer is there's many factors to be considered and 00:35:56.519 --> 00:36:00.997 also the application of those pavements and materials uh play a big role 00:36:01.030 --> 00:36:03.276 in that. 00:36:03.309 --> 00:36:06.405 Here's a, here's a, I'm gonna give you guys a couple of examples is this 00:36:06.438 --> 00:36:10.416 is the highway 101. If you look in the lower box, uh actually I'm gonna 00:36:10.449 --> 00:36:13.365 start with the upper box as you see that there's not a lot of red showing 00:36:13.398 --> 00:36:18.876 up in that area. Ok. What, what? So again, and then you look in the lower 00:36:18.909 --> 00:36:22.046 box and you see there is a lot of red. So what's the difference here? Ok. 00:36:22.079 --> 00:36:26.577 Same pavement surface is the upper box is what you notice in this picture 00:36:26.610 --> 00:36:30.666 is this is some of the open areas, ok? There's open land to the, to the 00:36:30.699 --> 00:36:34.767 right of the image and to the left. So you have uh more wind moving 00:36:34.800 --> 00:36:38.456 through that pavement surface can cool faster. Uh the pavement in the 00:36:38.489 --> 00:36:43.586 south or the lower box is actually uh some of the areas is the depressed 00:36:43.619 --> 00:36:47.836 interstate. So there's uh concrete walls that depress that pavement where 00:36:47.869 --> 00:36:51.247 we go under overpasses or that's what's required. You could see the 00:36:51.280 --> 00:36:54.436 impacts of it's not just the pavement surface, it's the same concrete 00:36:54.469 --> 00:36:56.845 surface. 00:36:56.878 --> 00:37:00.287 Ok. Now you saw actually back in that other images, you're looking at a 00:37:00.320 --> 00:37:03.876 white concrete pavement. Now you look at this image and you say, OK, now 00:37:03.909 --> 00:37:08.256 this is surface with asphalt. It was the uh open graded friction courses 00:37:08.289 --> 00:37:12.217 or the, the quiet pavement technology that's around the valley. And this 00:37:12.250 --> 00:37:14.956 kind of contradicts what I just said is you have a black surface, you 00:37:14.989 --> 00:37:19.796 would expect it to be hotter and you have AAA Canyon effect where it's a 00:37:19.829 --> 00:37:25.146 depressed freeway. So now if you look at the images that it's actually uh 00:37:25.179 --> 00:37:29.586 less red than to the north, which is around Metro Center, right? So now 00:37:29.619 --> 00:37:32.186 it's, you're contradicting what we just said in terms of the color of the 00:37:32.219 --> 00:37:35.876 pavement, the type of materials, we think that asphalt pavements absorb a 00:37:35.909 --> 00:37:40.997 lot of uh uh heat because they're black and in some cases, they do in some 00:37:41.030 --> 00:37:43.736 cases they don't. 00:37:43.769 --> 00:37:48.336 OK. In terms of the la la laboratory evaluations in our, our laboratory is 00:37:48.369 --> 00:37:53.287 we've uh pioneered some testing procedures uh different ways to test 00:37:53.320 --> 00:37:58.977 materials and see how they retain heat, how they release heat. Uh At the 00:37:59.010 --> 00:38:02.666 university. We also have full scale test sections that were constructed of 00:38:02.699 --> 00:38:07.445 different materials that have been used by a su by uh Princeton, by the US 00:38:07.478 --> 00:38:12.236 Army to study the effects of different uh uh say moisture, different 00:38:12.269 --> 00:38:16.066 things on heat released from pavements. 00:38:16.099 --> 00:38:19.626 And uh one thing I guess to take away on two on this side is that you'll 00:38:19.659 --> 00:38:23.546 see a lot of students is that we do all have an obligation uh as, as 00:38:23.579 --> 00:38:30.925 practitioners, as researchers to instill this uh this uh idea into the 00:38:30.958 --> 00:38:35.267 next generation of, of students and uh people working in this industry and 00:38:35.300 --> 00:38:39.776 you'll see students involved. Uh Here's an example of the test sections. 00:38:39.809 --> 00:38:44.356 We had artificial turf, asphalt concrete, uh Portland, cement concrete, 00:38:44.389 --> 00:38:47.686 and we even had gravel that you see around the buildings around Phoenix 00:38:47.719 --> 00:38:51.865 and looked at measured the temperatures. So that was just a brief 00:38:51.898 --> 00:38:55.686 introduction of uh how materials can impact this decision and, and some 00:38:55.719 --> 00:39:02.146 contact information. So, thank you. 00:39:02.179 --> 00:39:06.666 All right now. So we're gonna take 10 minutes um to discuss among you, 00:39:06.699 --> 00:39:10.885 what you think the th these at these things that you've learned today 00:39:10.918 --> 00:39:14.807 could be applied to the, to the projects or to the work that you do. And 00:39:14.840 --> 00:39:18.706 if you, you really have some important question, you can go ahead and ask 00:39:18.739 --> 00:39:22.727 that too, but we're focused on discussion. And what we'd like to do is 00:39:22.760 --> 00:39:26.166 Jennifer has a microphone, we're gonna try to pass it around. But if 00:39:26.199 --> 00:39:28.756 Jennifer's on that side of the room and you're on this side of the room 00:39:28.789 --> 00:39:31.885 and you really need to go, just go ahead and make your question and I'll 00:39:31.918 --> 00:39:36.227 repeat it into the mic. So who's first? We have it right back here? No, no. 00:39:36.260 --> 00:39:40.767 Oh, we gave careful. So if you want to contribute to the discussion now, 00:39:40.800 --> 00:39:45.247 you know, I know some of you and so not all of you, but I know some of you 00:39:45.280 --> 00:39:48.106 and if I know you and we don't get any questions, I'm gonna start picking 00:39:48.139 --> 00:39:52.077 on you. So, so you, you need to get your neighbor to ask questions. So 00:39:52.110 --> 00:39:58.037 with questions, comments, mostly comments. 00:39:58.070 --> 00:40:05.425 OK? Thanks Martin. 00:40:05.458 --> 00:40:09.756 Just going back to this. I mean, it looked like on um, certainly um Billy 00:40:09.789 --> 00:40:14.497 Turner's research around where we can, where we should put our, we want to 00:40:14.530 --> 00:40:17.816 actually make everyone within a five minute walk of a park or open space. 00:40:17.849 --> 00:40:21.135 And so if we could actually pick where should those park, if there's a 00:40:21.168 --> 00:40:25.256 good overlap between where we could do that and where it would actually 00:40:25.289 --> 00:40:28.095 make accessible. So places there aren't parks currently but where we could 00:40:28.128 --> 00:40:31.816 put a park and it would also help in cooling, I think uh looking at that. 00:40:31.849 --> 00:40:36.566 So just understanding better your the conclusion of your research, uh if 00:40:36.599 --> 00:40:41.166 you could just speak to that about where if we actually can map where we 00:40:41.199 --> 00:40:47.750 need to put uh spaces, cooling spaces in order to cool the city as a whole. 00:40:47.909 --> 00:40:49.909 Well, I guess the lesson was, go ahead, go ahead. We can hear you. Go 00:40:52.688 --> 00:40:54.865 ahead. 00:40:54.898 --> 00:40:59.115 Yeah, he, he's loud though. So there we are. So the lesson. Can you hear 00:40:59.148 --> 00:41:05.365 that the lesson would be that, that it does matter in, in, in, in that one 00:41:05.398 --> 00:41:09.695 study. I show you it does matter where you put them and So you are going 00:41:09.728 --> 00:41:14.467 to get more robust or less robust results, apropos the cooling that you 00:41:14.500 --> 00:41:19.776 want depending upon the patterning and the number right that you use. If 00:41:19.809 --> 00:41:24.865 you say I'm only gonna put them where we have access to parks, you know, 00:41:24.898 --> 00:41:28.747 I'm gonna green the parks and understand these have to be greened, they 00:41:28.780 --> 00:41:33.206 can't be dead grass, that's not gonna give you the results. But if you had 00:41:33.239 --> 00:41:39.307 greening um And you, and you said, OK, what is the biggest bang for the 00:41:39.340 --> 00:41:44.816 buck? We have the optimization models that would provide given the number 00:41:44.849 --> 00:41:48.845 of parks that you have and where you could place them, which ones would 00:41:48.878 --> 00:41:54.986 give you for a particular area of town? Uh the biggest bang for the buck. 00:41:55.019 --> 00:42:03.019 So, oh we have, go ahead. 00:42:03.329 --> 00:42:07.106 So maybe this is even a question for Chuck, you guys and you'll probably 00:42:07.139 --> 00:42:11.566 do this, you're all doing separate projects. One of the challenges we have 00:42:11.599 --> 00:42:16.646 as I'm with Vital Health Foundation trying to work with uh A SU is you're 00:42:16.679 --> 00:42:21.537 all doing separate projects, you're not working with each other. So is 00:42:21.570 --> 00:42:25.986 there some as you're working on this, is there some kind of networking 00:42:26.019 --> 00:42:31.267 among the researchers? Uh because part of the problem is trying to even 00:42:31.300 --> 00:42:35.267 sort out everything that's going on at A SU. And our sense is you're not 00:42:35.300 --> 00:42:39.967 collaborating with each other, Suzanne. Uh you should have introduced the 00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.247 morning session then I mean, this is, this is an issue. This is an issue 00:42:44.280 --> 00:42:50.405 for us among our a su for sure. Uh And it has to be mystifying to someone 00:42:50.438 --> 00:42:55.385 outside a su as well as frustrating. Uh That's what we're here all about. 00:42:55.418 --> 00:43:00.385 Um Melissa Daro, who you'll hear later about. This is her dissertation is 00:43:00.418 --> 00:43:06.066 how can we build a platform for better collaboration and intergroup 00:43:06.099 --> 00:43:10.517 knowledge? So this is what we're about 00:43:10.550 --> 00:43:12.836 David 00:43:12.869 --> 00:43:16.615 and, and we've, there's a new center that David Saylor is the director of 00:43:16.648 --> 00:43:21.376 for Urban Climate Research. Uh And we, we're going to place our data 00:43:21.409 --> 00:43:24.756 sources and the links to the things that happened this morning on that 00:43:24.789 --> 00:43:29.827 site as a partial encouragement among us and among you to have a go to 00:43:29.860 --> 00:43:36.816 point, can I ask a question? I know I'm not from Phoenix, Jeff. I was 00:43:36.849 --> 00:43:41.956 around 10 years ago. We poured a permeable pavement parking lot at the Art 00:43:41.989 --> 00:43:46.695 Center at a su and I thought it was great and why aren't all of our 00:43:46.728 --> 00:43:50.336 parking lots permeable pavement? Why aren't all of our new freeways this 00:43:50.369 --> 00:43:56.719 asphalt that's cooler and quieter where wherever you are there, you are. 00:43:58.958 --> 00:44:00.958 That's a great question. And actually the parking lot at the Art Center, 00:44:03.128 --> 00:44:07.057 uh our team just took a look at it and it, there's a lot of concern that 00:44:07.090 --> 00:44:10.186 these Permal pavements don't survive and it's actually looks in great 00:44:10.219 --> 00:44:14.686 shape. If you do look at it, one of the areas that doesn't look in good 00:44:14.719 --> 00:44:18.827 shape was actually a construction defect. So we'll blame it on that. But 00:44:18.860 --> 00:44:23.577 that is a great question of, of why uh the other complicating factor is 00:44:23.610 --> 00:44:29.017 that there's challenges with pavements after they're constructed is that 00:44:29.050 --> 00:44:35.615 they change colors, they deteriorate, they fill in with debris. And so 00:44:35.648 --> 00:44:38.967 there's still a lot of unknown there. But that's a good question is that 00:44:39.000 --> 00:44:44.086 there should be more permeable parking lots pavements, but there, there's 00:44:44.119 --> 00:44:47.816 an application for them. You can't just blanket statements say that we 00:44:47.849 --> 00:44:50.986 should put permeable pavements everywhere because what our research has 00:44:51.019 --> 00:44:54.807 shown is they're extremely hot during the day, but they cool off a lot at 00:44:54.840 --> 00:44:57.856 night time, they cool off quicker. So those morning temperatures that you 00:44:57.889 --> 00:45:00.675 talked about in your introduction statement is cooler in the morning, 00:45:00.708 --> 00:45:08.708 they're releasing that heat a lot quicker than traditional pavements. So 00:45:08.728 --> 00:45:12.217 that question, I think, uh oh, 00:45:12.250 --> 00:45:17.997 so potentially uh hubs could be a proverbial fly in the ointment because 00:45:18.030 --> 00:45:23.896 they can fill in the pores. A re there m current methods to think about 00:45:23.929 --> 00:45:28.497 how to minimise the effect if, if we're talking, if we're extending the 00:45:28.530 --> 00:45:35.396 discussion on permeable surfaces. 00:45:35.429 --> 00:45:39.217 Ok. Yeah, there are, there are ways, uh they can fill in, they can also be 00:45:39.250 --> 00:45:43.135 washed out. There's methods to, they have, there's ways to clean them out. 00:45:43.168 --> 00:45:48.467 Uh Perme pavements have been used traditionally for stormwater mitigation. 00:45:48.500 --> 00:45:51.486 There's a benefit there and that's where the fill in starts to cause 00:45:51.519 --> 00:45:55.517 issues is you, you, you slow the storm water mitigation, but in terms of 00:45:55.550 --> 00:46:00.316 heat uh dispersion, uh that's not, I don't, we don't have too much 00:46:00.349 --> 00:46:04.586 background on that, but it is effective. We know that. 00:46:04.619 --> 00:46:10.606 OK. So I had, I had a question or a comment suggestion over here. So I was 00:46:10.639 --> 00:46:13.666 actually kind of fascinated by the one presentation and like in all of 00:46:13.699 --> 00:46:16.595 them, in the sense that because there's a lot of interconnection between 00:46:16.628 --> 00:46:20.365 all of them, but specifically, the one I forget which John, I think it was 00:46:20.398 --> 00:46:22.896 the second presentation where they were talking about the different forms 00:46:22.929 --> 00:46:26.916 of building types, right? The density between them, the irregular shapes, 00:46:26.949 --> 00:46:30.615 the and the impacts it had between the land surface temperature at night 00:46:30.648 --> 00:46:34.217 time and during the daytime and all that kind of good stuff because the 00:46:34.250 --> 00:46:39.236 city um in uh just east of downtown is currently working on the potential 00:46:39.269 --> 00:46:43.736 of redeveloping um a significant portion of the neighborhood. And when I 00:46:43.769 --> 00:46:46.905 kinda think about sort of and, you know, and it is an area which based 00:46:46.938 --> 00:46:52.296 upon past research is a heat island area for the city. Um And sort of like 00:46:52.329 --> 00:46:55.486 it, it in a way it sort of like draws in upon all of the research that all 00:46:55.519 --> 00:47:01.126 of um you all are doing of, you know, we have of course, a challenge of, 00:47:01.159 --> 00:47:04.186 you know, there's a certain number of new units that need to be built and 00:47:04.219 --> 00:47:06.936 all that kind of stuff, there's green space considerations that need to be 00:47:06.969 --> 00:47:11.646 put in here. Um and there'll be new roads and new streets um as well as in 00:47:11.679 --> 00:47:15.166 terms of sort of the building typologies um that will be utilized and sort 00:47:15.199 --> 00:47:20.506 of how are those actually arranged or designed or set up? Um sort of based 00:47:20.539 --> 00:47:22.977 upon the research that's been happening. Well, well, well, if you sort of 00:47:23.010 --> 00:47:26.345 stagger the buildings, like, you know, you are able to mitigate heat a 00:47:26.378 --> 00:47:30.365 little bit more. Um uh Not that I, and, and in some ways, I kind of feel 00:47:30.398 --> 00:47:34.236 like I wish there were answers were there already because, you know, we're 00:47:34.269 --> 00:47:38.666 kind of, you know, time is not on our side to help, make, help inform 00:47:38.699 --> 00:47:42.017 these kinds of decisions. But, um but yeah, so I was just kind of, you 00:47:42.050 --> 00:47:46.106 know, that this is clearly an area where you have an opportunity for large 00:47:46.139 --> 00:47:49.736 scale redevelopment in an urban setting, right? Versus sort of looking at 00:47:49.769 --> 00:47:53.675 how you could do new development, you know, on the outskirts of town, um 00:47:53.708 --> 00:47:58.646 to really have an impact upon sort of the heat, urban heat issue in 00:47:58.679 --> 00:48:02.077 Phoenix. So that, that's a good point. So how many of you in the room are 00:48:02.110 --> 00:48:07.026 currently involved in the design or a building? Uh a construction of a 00:48:07.059 --> 00:48:11.046 building or a parking lot or a green space area? Go ahead, raise your hand 00:48:11.079 --> 00:48:15.727 , but there's you and keep it up, keep it up keep your hands up and how 00:48:15.760 --> 00:48:21.546 many of you were involved in the management and maintenance of a scape or 00:48:21.579 --> 00:48:25.756 building or Parker area? Ok. So that, that's a very large percentage of 00:48:25.789 --> 00:48:28.037 you in the room. So there are a number of you in the room who these 00:48:28.070 --> 00:48:32.416 concepts would be applicable to in terms of the daily work that you do. Ok. 00:48:32.449 --> 00:48:35.675 So we're gonna, we're gonna move on topic and we're gonna shift a little 00:48:35.708 --> 00:48:39.655 bit away from buildings and temperatures and we're gonna move to uh 00:48:39.688 --> 00:48:44.086 thermal comfort and health where we're focused more on people and less on 00:48:44.119 --> 00:48:49.787 buildings. And to start us off is gonna be Ariana Middle who is uh with 00:48:49.820 --> 00:48:53.905 the school, geographical Sciences. Um I mean, the Department of Geography 00:48:53.938 --> 00:48:56.977 and Urban Studies at Temple University. OK. So Temple University, that's 00:48:57.010 --> 00:49:00.736 not a su all of you are saying, wait a minute, I thought this was a su 00:49:00.769 --> 00:49:05.967 Ariana is a su she, she's been with us for a number of years and continues 00:49:06.000 --> 00:49:11.217 to work with us as we go forward. So Ariana, go ahead. Thanks Ray. Um Yeah 00:49:11.250 --> 00:49:15.537 , so um I joined a SU in 2009 as a postdoc actually with the decision 00:49:15.570 --> 00:49:19.827 center for Desert City and I just recently six weeks ago joined Temple um 00:49:19.860 --> 00:49:25.026 university. Um but I'm still here. So my research is at the intersection 00:49:25.059 --> 00:49:29.885 of the um previous uh session uh which dealt with urban form and the 00:49:29.918 --> 00:49:33.736 upcoming session uh which is uh about thermal comfort. So I'm specifically 00:49:33.769 --> 00:49:37.827 interested in how you can use urban form to improve thermal comfort. So 00:49:37.860 --> 00:49:41.186 how can you use the arrangement of buildings and, and types of trees and 00:49:41.219 --> 00:49:46.606 things to improve comfort um in the city? So just as a quick recap, so 00:49:46.639 --> 00:49:49.606 we've heard about urban form before and we had a really great summary of 00:49:49.639 --> 00:49:54.756 urban form by um I excuse me, I don't know your name. Um Yeah, so, so when 00:49:54.789 --> 00:49:57.945 I uh speak about urban form, I mean, the physical characteristics of a 00:49:57.978 --> 00:50:01.566 city. So that includes uh how you arrange buildings, what type of 00:50:01.599 --> 00:50:05.296 buildings you use, the the height of the buildings, the materials, if it's 00:50:05.329 --> 00:50:09.256 a steel construction or, or a glass building, um how you space out those 00:50:09.289 --> 00:50:12.936 buildings, how, how wide your roads are, how many lanes they have. Um how 00:50:12.969 --> 00:50:16.336 many trees you plant, what type of trees, how you arrange those trees if 00:50:16.369 --> 00:50:20.316 you use state shade structures. So all of these things um define urban 00:50:20.349 --> 00:50:25.135 form and we, as we design cities um build this urban forum and the way we 00:50:25.168 --> 00:50:29.706 build this uh that actually impacts urban climate, all kinds of variables. 00:50:29.739 --> 00:50:31.865 We heard about air temperature, surface temperature, the amount of 00:50:31.898 --> 00:50:34.856 radiation that that comes into the city, all these things. So it's 00:50:34.889 --> 00:50:40.227 basically the way we build cities impacts um the local climate in those 00:50:40.260 --> 00:50:43.445 cities. I mean, I would like to give you a very specific urban form 00:50:43.478 --> 00:50:48.365 example. Um that's trees. Um The city of Phoenix has a major uh policy, a 00:50:48.398 --> 00:50:52.736 document that specifically addresses heat in the city. And that's the um 00:50:52.769 --> 00:50:57.736 tree and shade master plan um which sets a goal for a 25% tree canopy 00:50:57.769 --> 00:51:02.816 cover in the city of Phoenix by 2030. Um and I conducted a uh assessment 00:51:02.849 --> 00:51:07.057 of uh of this goal uh two years ago with a group of people and we used a 00:51:07.090 --> 00:51:11.256 microclimate model and we uh we designed a residential neighborhood. We 00:51:11.289 --> 00:51:15.905 virtually planted 25% trees in this neighborhood. And we found that in the 00:51:15.938 --> 00:51:20.646 afternoon, this leads to a 3.5 °F cooling in this neighborhood. So now 00:51:20.679 --> 00:51:23.615 these results should not be scaled up to the whole city. They only refer 00:51:23.648 --> 00:51:28.586 to this particular residential neighborhood. But uh imagine now it's um 00:51:28.619 --> 00:51:32.706 100 and 17 degrees in the city. OK. So we get three degrees cooling. It's 00:51:32.739 --> 00:51:36.865 100 and 14. Does it make it comfortable? I don't know, I don't think 100 00:51:36.898 --> 00:51:40.925 and 14 °F sounds very comfortable. And that's actually a specific goal in 00:51:40.958 --> 00:51:44.376 the plan that says uh we envision residential neighborhoods that a re tree 00:51:44.409 --> 00:51:48.756 growth, that a re cool and comfortable. Yet when I'm under a tree, I feel 00:51:48.789 --> 00:51:53.456 much better than if I'm out in the sun. So um this means that if you only 00:51:53.489 --> 00:51:57.615 look at air temperature, you're missing parts of the story. Uh when you're 00:51:57.648 --> 00:52:03.595 talking about how people feel in the city. Um, so let's do a quick survey. 00:52:03.628 --> 00:52:07.106 So, uh we have 75.6 00:52:07.139 --> 00:52:11.217 °F in this room right now. This is a nine point scale one is very cold. 00:52:11.250 --> 00:52:14.615 Nine is very hot. I assume nobody is very cold or very hot. So maybe let's 00:52:14.648 --> 00:52:18.396 start with category number three, which is cool. So, raise your hand. Is 00:52:18.429 --> 00:52:24.376 anybody cool right now? Wow, that's a lot of people um who feels uh 00:52:24.409 --> 00:52:27.227 slightly cool. 00:52:27.260 --> 00:52:30.967 Oh, that's a lot of people too uh neutral, who's I I would be neutral 00:52:31.000 --> 00:52:36.146 right now. Okay. Um Who feels slightly warm? 00:52:36.179 --> 00:52:39.936 One person? 00:52:39.969 --> 00:52:45.436 So anybody warm or hot? Probably not. Um So you see we're all exposed to 00:52:45.469 --> 00:52:52.526 the same air temperature which is 75 °F. Yet uh people feel different. Um 00:52:52.559 --> 00:52:56.717 And that's why um there is a, there is a definition for thermal comfort 00:52:56.750 --> 00:52:59.086 that's in the Ashray standard. It says that thermal comfort is the 00:52:59.119 --> 00:53:03.477 condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment 00:53:03.510 --> 00:53:07.276 and, and the most important piece here, it's a subjective evaluation. So 00:53:07.309 --> 00:53:11.296 it will be different for each and every person. Um There are a couple of 00:53:11.329 --> 00:53:14.445 variables that um make up your thermal comfort. Some of them you can 00:53:14.478 --> 00:53:17.747 measure these a re the environmental factors such as air temperature, um 00:53:17.780 --> 00:53:20.517 mean rate and temperature. I'll get to this in a second. What that is uh 00:53:20.550 --> 00:53:24.345 wind speed. Humidity. So, so if it's monsoon season and it's very humid 00:53:24.378 --> 00:53:28.497 out, you might feel less comfortable. Although it's the sa me temperature 00:53:28.530 --> 00:53:32.280 than when it's dry. So, so, so humidity plays with role. Um, but then 00:53:32.313 --> 00:53:35.662 there are personal factors and they are different for each and every 00:53:35.695 --> 00:53:39.260 person. So there's the metabolic rate. That means how active are you, are 00:53:39.293 --> 00:53:42.611 you riding a bike right now or are you sitting under a tree? So depending 00:53:42.644 --> 00:53:46.280 on your activity level, you might feel more or less comfortable and uh 00:53:46.313 --> 00:53:49.901 your clothing, uh depending on how you're dressed, might, might, might 00:53:49.934 --> 00:53:53.807 change how comfortable you feel. And then also psychological factor. So 00:53:53.840 --> 00:53:57.977 there a re studies that show if you actually want to be in a place AAA 00:53:58.010 --> 00:54:01.856 particular time and um you actually feel more comfortable than if you 00:54:01.889 --> 00:54:06.385 don't wanna be in a particular place. So all of these factors play into 00:54:06.418 --> 00:54:11.436 how comfortable you would feel. Um And there are certain ways you can uh 00:54:11.469 --> 00:54:15.675 measure actually how comfortable you feel. So one is you have to actually 00:54:15.708 --> 00:54:19.206 like I just did ask people, so how comfortable are you on a scale from 1 00:54:19.239 --> 00:54:23.717 to 1 to 9? Um And then all these um environmental factors that I talked 00:54:23.750 --> 00:54:27.945 about, you can measure um there is this uh globe thermometer device, it 00:54:27.978 --> 00:54:31.497 has a black Globe and this globe pretends to be a human body. It's 00:54:31.530 --> 00:54:36.236 collecting all the radiation that that hits the body from 360 degrees. So 00:54:36.269 --> 00:54:39.405 that includes the solar radiation from the sun, uh the heat that's emitted 00:54:39.438 --> 00:54:43.057 from warm surfaces, all of these things. Um So this device can measure 00:54:43.090 --> 00:54:46.557 this, it's called globe temperature and that can be translated into mean 00:54:46.590 --> 00:54:50.095 radiant temperature. And that's basically the sum of all the surface 00:54:50.128 --> 00:54:53.646 temperatures that a re surrounding you. And then there is the uh mean 00:54:53.679 --> 00:54:57.425 radiant temperature cart that I built. Um that's a little bit more 00:54:57.458 --> 00:55:01.606 sophisticated and, and it, it measures all the radiation components in all 00:55:01.639 --> 00:55:04.615 directions and gives you an integrated value for the mean rate and 00:55:04.648 --> 00:55:08.945 temperature. Um So these a re ways to measure thermal comfort or mean RN 00:55:08.978 --> 00:55:14.057 temperature. And we conducted a study um a t the uh mu um two years ago uh 00:55:14.090 --> 00:55:18.767 where we uh measured thermal comfort with this um device. And we conducted 00:55:18.800 --> 00:55:21.307 surveys and we asked people, so how comfortable do you feel on a scale 00:55:21.340 --> 00:55:26.166 from 1 to 9? And we found that people who were under the shade structure 00:55:26.199 --> 00:55:30.945 or who were under trees felt one point more comfortable on the nine point 00:55:30.978 --> 00:55:35.506 scale that I showed you previously. Um So that means that um shade 00:55:35.539 --> 00:55:38.925 improves your thermal comfort by one point and out of all the variables 00:55:38.958 --> 00:55:41.787 that we measured air temperature, surface temperature, wind speed, 00:55:41.820 --> 00:55:46.256 humidity. The radiation component was the biggest driver of thermal 00:55:46.289 --> 00:55:49.885 comfort. So that means that shade is really the variable that determines 00:55:49.918 --> 00:55:52.836 if you're comfortable or not even more than air temperature. And that 00:55:52.869 --> 00:55:58.405 really highlights the importance of shade in the city. Um So I have been 00:55:58.438 --> 00:56:02.807 uh pulling around this cart that I built um across various areas and here 00:56:02.840 --> 00:56:05.905 are just some examples for research questions that I'm addressing with 00:56:05.938 --> 00:56:11.506 this car. Um So I'm investigating for one, what, what uh what combination 00:56:11.539 --> 00:56:16.570 is best um in terms of uh surface type and shade cover. So is it better to 00:56:16.603 --> 00:56:19.602 have a tree over grass? Is it better to have a tree over concrete? Is it 00:56:19.635 --> 00:56:22.901 better to have sun exposed grass? So all of these different variations, 00:56:22.934 --> 00:56:27.111 I'm measuring with the card to see how this impacts the the measurable 00:56:27.144 --> 00:56:32.622 thermal comfort. Um I'm also um investigating different shade types. Um So 00:56:32.655 --> 00:56:37.981 that's the 50 grades of shade study. Um So I I have uh measured shade 00:56:38.014 --> 00:56:42.195 sails umbrellas, uh shade from buildings, shade from uh shade from 00:56:42.228 --> 00:56:46.046 different trees. Um And so the the the analysis is currently ongoing, but 00:56:46.079 --> 00:56:50.526 um the goal is to find out which shade type is the most effective to keep 00:56:50.559 --> 00:56:54.925 people cool and comfortable. Um We're also uh pulling the cart through 00:56:54.958 --> 00:56:59.606 parks to see which type of trees a re most efficient for shading and, and 00:56:59.639 --> 00:57:03.307 which arrangement of trees is the most efficient is most efficient for, 00:57:03.340 --> 00:57:08.925 for thermal comfort. And then um uh we did this in Tempe downtown and that 00:57:08.958 --> 00:57:12.807 goes back to your question, actually trying to investigate how the 00:57:12.840 --> 00:57:16.026 arrangement of buildings and the type of buildings and and the width of 00:57:16.059 --> 00:57:19.115 the street, how this impacts thermal comfort. And then finally, we'll hear 00:57:19.148 --> 00:57:23.247 about this in a little while. Um Julia has used the card to investigate 00:57:23.280 --> 00:57:26.776 how people are exposed to the heat and how comfortable they are while 00:57:26.809 --> 00:57:33.376 they're walking to, to a bus stop actually. Um So all of this data will 00:57:33.409 --> 00:57:37.756 eventually lead uh to a thermal comfort model. So, so I'm uh collecting 00:57:37.789 --> 00:57:41.936 Google street view data. You can use the data to project uh project um the 00:57:41.969 --> 00:57:45.206 images onto fish eye photos. They can be used to calculate radiation. 00:57:45.239 --> 00:57:47.767 That's the sa me that the card would measure. But you can calculate this 00:57:47.800 --> 00:57:50.706 from the photo and then you can calculate mean rate and temperature or 00:57:50.739 --> 00:57:54.747 thermal comfort uh city wide for any street that has uh Google street view 00:57:54.780 --> 00:57:59.376 images. And then one application that's my last slide um that you could 00:57:59.409 --> 00:58:03.327 envision is um this is actually a, a fine scale thermal comfort map. 00:58:03.360 --> 00:58:08.276 Imagine you're AAA T the brickyard at the uh at the on the A SU campus. 00:58:08.309 --> 00:58:11.586 And you would like to go to the MU and grab something to eat. Um You could 00:58:11.619 --> 00:58:15.615 take the shortest path uh which can be calculated between those two points. 00:58:15.648 --> 00:58:19.041 But you could also use the thermal comfort or the mean rate and 00:58:19.074 --> 00:58:23.151 temperature as a waiting factor and provide the user with a path that's 00:58:23.184 --> 00:58:26.771 slightly longer. But it's more comfortable and more shaded. Um And this 00:58:26.804 --> 00:58:30.102 could be used also to for exa mples, assess comfort in neighbourhoods and 00:58:30.135 --> 00:58:33.092 see maybe one neighbourhood is more comfortable overall, maybe that's more 00:58:33.125 --> 00:58:37.010 attractive for businesses. So um yeah, so this is some, some exa mples of 00:58:37.043 --> 00:58:45.043 uses of this model and that's it. Thank you so much. 00:58:45.360 --> 00:58:49.836 Six. 00:58:49.869 --> 00:58:53.626 So let me introduce David Houla who's also with the School of Geographical 00:58:53.659 --> 00:58:56.695 Sciences, Urban Planning. They, they like our dominating. You guys are 00:58:56.728 --> 00:59:01.360 kind of dominating. We get some more departments in here. David. Go ahead. 00:59:02.159 --> 00:59:04.159 Thank you, Ray and thank you all for being here. Uh It's a pleasure to 00:59:05.110 --> 00:59:08.595 spend a few moments, introducing the human health side of the story as 00:59:08.628 --> 00:59:13.356 well and to share a little bit of our research uh related to comfort and 00:59:13.389 --> 00:59:15.456 health. 00:59:15.489 --> 00:59:20.195 Uh human health is certainly affected by heat and by heat in the city, we 00:59:20.228 --> 00:59:23.106 heard a lot about thermal comfort. Fortunately, we didn't see anybody who 00:59:23.139 --> 00:59:26.236 is experiencing hot or very hot conditions, but people in the city do 00:59:26.269 --> 00:59:30.006 experience hot and very hot conditions every summer. And for some of those 00:59:30.039 --> 00:59:33.356 folks, there are adverse health outcomes that occur. This is a diagram 00:59:33.389 --> 00:59:37.327 that the uh US Centers for Disease Control and prevention has put together 00:59:37.360 --> 00:59:40.463 that suggests a pyramid of health impacts. We were just thinking at the 00:59:40.496 --> 00:59:45.173 base of the pyramid. Thermal discomfort occurs to many of our uh residents 00:59:45.206 --> 00:59:48.852 and visitors. There are more serious and acute outcomes that affected an 00:59:48.885 --> 00:59:52.313 increasingly narrower and narrower portion of the population. And here in 00:59:52.346 --> 00:59:55.894 the Phoenix metro area, we're quite fortunate to have a lot of data about 00:59:55.927 --> 00:59:59.443 different parts of this pyramid in surveys conducted by the County Health 00:59:59.476 --> 01:00:03.003 Department and a su for example, we know that something like one third of 01:00:03.036 --> 01:00:06.959 people will experience some form of heat discomfort. Uh during an average 01:00:06.992 --> 01:00:09.660 summer, the state health Department has information about how many 01:00:09.693 --> 01:00:13.840 emergency department visits and hospitalizations we see related to heat. 01:00:13.873 --> 01:00:17.601 And most unfortunately, we have a, a number of deaths that occur related 01:00:17.634 --> 01:00:22.200 to heat in Maricopa County uh every year. Uh according to the Maricopa 01:00:22.233 --> 01:00:25.601 County Department of Health in 2015, uh there were nearly four dozen 01:00:25.634 --> 01:00:29.358 deaths and we'll talk more about the mortality statistics. Uh in a few 01:00:29.391 --> 01:00:33.097 slides. I think it's quite important when we're thinking about our various 01:00:33.130 --> 01:00:37.327 heat mitigation response strategies to think about where in this pyramid 01:00:37.360 --> 01:00:41.068 uh we're targeting as we try to evaluate success. If we're gonna plant 01:00:41.101 --> 01:00:44.577 more trees in a park? Are we trying to reduce heat related mortality? Are 01:00:44.610 --> 01:00:47.338 we trying to improve thermal comfort? What are the right evaluation 01:00:47.371 --> 01:00:52.717 metrics as we continue to deploy uh more and more uh projects and we are 01:00:52.750 --> 01:00:55.756 really well positioned to think about these issues. I just wanted to 01:00:55.789 --> 01:00:58.396 highlight the, the excellent collaborations and research that have 01:00:58.429 --> 01:01:02.135 happened in the past our County Health Department and our State Health 01:01:02.168 --> 01:01:06.336 department are leading the national conversations about heat and health. 01:01:06.369 --> 01:01:09.336 There are working groups, for example, nationally, uh trying to 01:01:09.369 --> 01:01:13.546 understand more specifically who's impacted by heat, which diagnosis codes 01:01:13.579 --> 01:01:16.546 that are used in the medical examiner's office could be related to heat. 01:01:16.579 --> 01:01:19.760 Those national working, the chairs of those national working groups are 01:01:19.793 --> 01:01:23.021 from our county health department, from our state health department and A 01:01:23.054 --> 01:01:26.220 SU has played a role here as well. I know you can't see the figures at the 01:01:26.253 --> 01:01:29.881 bottom of the slides. Uh They simply suggest that we, we know a fair bit 01:01:29.914 --> 01:01:32.651 about the geography of heat impacts in our city. What are the 01:01:32.684 --> 01:01:36.010 neighborhoods where rates of heat related mortality or morbidity are 01:01:36.043 --> 01:01:40.061 higher? Uh What are the threshold temperatures above which we see uh the 01:01:40.094 --> 01:01:44.497 most uh serious health outcomes occur? But we don't know everything and, 01:01:44.530 --> 01:01:48.977 and this is my call to call to action and call for collaboration. Uh We 01:01:49.010 --> 01:01:51.566 held a meeting in partnership with the National Weather Service and State 01:01:51.599 --> 01:01:55.425 Health Department uh earlier this year. And one of the questions we asked 01:01:55.458 --> 01:01:58.756 related to heat preparedness and response was how would a community know 01:01:58.789 --> 01:02:02.977 it has successfully coped with extreme heat? And overwhelmingly the answer 01:02:03.010 --> 01:02:06.287 from the 50 some participants at this meeting was that the community would 01:02:06.320 --> 01:02:09.135 know at the end of the season that they had successfully coped if the heat 01:02:09.168 --> 01:02:12.537 , number of heat deaths had gone down, that was seen as one of the the 01:02:12.570 --> 01:02:16.577 best possible evaluation metrics. And I'm, I'm sorry to say that that has 01:02:16.610 --> 01:02:20.626 not been the way the statistics have played out over the recent decade. Uh 01:02:20.659 --> 01:02:24.416 In this county, you can see the annual number of heat related deaths uh on 01:02:24.449 --> 01:02:29.497 the bottom 2016 on the far right hand side of the slide, as you see it, I 01:02:29.530 --> 01:02:34.905 believe, uh 2016 unfortunately had the record number of heat related 01:02:34.938 --> 01:02:38.106 deaths that the County Health Department has ever recorded in the 10 years. 01:02:38.139 --> 01:02:41.217 Uh 11 years of running their advanced surveillance PP uh advanced 01:02:41.250 --> 01:02:44.327 surveillance program. And this is even true after accounting for 01:02:44.360 --> 01:02:47.816 population growth and other factors that might have affected the health 01:02:47.849 --> 01:02:51.776 status of the population. Uh even more concerning and this is some work 01:02:51.809 --> 01:02:55.517 that Hannah Putnam wave your hand. Hannah is, is leading with our team at 01:02:55.550 --> 01:03:00.276 A SU is that we don't think the weather in 2016 was so much worse than the 01:03:00.309 --> 01:03:04.776 other years over the past decade. These lines show what our model suggests. 01:03:04.809 --> 01:03:08.566 The number of heat related deaths should have been based on the weather. 01:03:08.599 --> 01:03:12.155 We're putting a lot of energy into thinking about heat and health uh in 01:03:12.188 --> 01:03:16.115 our region. 2016 should not have set the record for the number of heat 01:03:16.148 --> 01:03:19.396 related deaths uh based on the weather alone. So something else is 01:03:19.429 --> 01:03:23.405 happening and I think that something else is, is what we can collectively 01:03:23.438 --> 01:03:28.986 as a group continue uh to think about uh this is a conceptual diagram that 01:03:29.019 --> 01:03:31.925 some of my colleagues and I put together recently to think about what the 01:03:31.958 --> 01:03:35.695 relationship might be between climate drivers and adverse health outcomes. 01:03:35.728 --> 01:03:39.296 And I think many of the folks in this room can identify where they fit in. 01:03:39.329 --> 01:03:42.506 In this diagram, we've talked a lot about the built environment and 01:03:42.539 --> 01:03:46.595 infrastructure thus far, uh public health systems conventions, we imagine 01:03:46.628 --> 01:03:50.385 to be a very, very broad uh and and nebulous box. And it's actually in 01:03:50.418 --> 01:03:54.506 that box that we think the causal drivers behind the increase in 2016 01:03:54.539 --> 01:03:57.816 might occur. Uh We know that there was an incredible number. Uh There was 01:03:57.849 --> 01:04:01.095 an incredible increase in the number of unsheltered homeless people in 01:04:01.128 --> 01:04:05.986 Maricopa County between 2015 and 2016. I'm very supportive of all the 01:04:06.019 --> 01:04:09.307 strategies we've discussed related to heat mitigation. But if we're not 01:04:09.340 --> 01:04:13.276 thinking about the number of, of beds available in homeless shelters, if 01:04:13.309 --> 01:04:16.166 we're not thinking about our energy assistance programs, we might be 01:04:16.199 --> 01:04:19.365 missing a really important part of the story in understanding how these 01:04:19.398 --> 01:04:23.477 adverse uh events come to be. Uh very briefly, if I May Ray just wanted to 01:04:23.510 --> 01:04:27.287 highlight one project we're working on uh as a team at a SU. This is a 01:04:27.320 --> 01:04:31.126 National Science Foundation study called uh three Heat and a number of the 01:04:31.159 --> 01:04:34.856 three heat teammates are here in the room. Uh Mary and Liza Hannah has 01:04:34.889 --> 01:04:39.066 helped, there's Matt O over there as Well, we've surveyed 100 and 60 some 01:04:39.099 --> 01:04:42.831 people in four different parts of the city to understand their experiences 01:04:42.864 --> 01:04:46.050 and risks associated with heat, understanding how they cope with heat with 01:04:46.083 --> 01:04:49.720 the power on, uh, and the power off, uh, counterintuitive result that I'm 01:04:49.753 --> 01:04:53.470 happy to talk about with you more. Uh, across the bottom axis. Here we see 01:04:53.503 --> 01:04:56.970 income across the vertical axis. We see the indoor temperatures we 01:04:57.003 --> 01:04:59.977 measured in people's homes. 01:05:00.010 --> 01:05:02.836 We don't see the relationship that we would have expected. We thought we'd 01:05:02.869 --> 01:05:07.796 find warm indoor homes in low income neighborhoods and cooler uh indoor 01:05:07.829 --> 01:05:10.595 areas in higher income neighborhoods. And that did not appear to be the 01:05:10.628 --> 01:05:14.425 case uh in our sample. But we do see some other interesting patterns there. 01:05:14.458 --> 01:05:17.256 We've also thought a little bit about emergency preparedness strategies 01:05:17.289 --> 01:05:21.635 and how people uh might cope with these events. Water uh unsurprisingly is 01:05:21.668 --> 01:05:24.865 an important role. Uh looking forward to more discussion. Ray is giving me 01:05:24.898 --> 01:05:29.365 the Harry eyeball here. Uh But uh I uh I I hope uh I hope you recognize 01:05:29.398 --> 01:05:32.586 the urgency of the the health part of the story here as we think about uh 01:05:32.619 --> 01:05:40.619 making a cooler and more comfortable and safer city. Thanks very much. 01:05:41.929 --> 01:05:46.086 So, let me introduce Abigail York. Um Abigail is with the school, I mean, 01:05:46.119 --> 01:05:49.776 she's with the school of human evolution and social change. Thanks. I I 01:05:49.809 --> 01:05:54.126 almost said school, I mean, I'm I'm so school Duke ever. I'm so ingrained 01:05:54.159 --> 01:05:58.287 in that. Thanks. 01:05:58.320 --> 01:06:03.807 Hi. So I'm here talking about um our work with the, the Phoenix area 01:06:03.840 --> 01:06:11.840 Social Social Survey. I'm shorter than Dave. Um And so this is an ongoing 01:06:12.289 --> 01:06:16.135 survey. This is the fourth time we've done it. Uh It's a part of the 01:06:16.168 --> 01:06:19.675 Central Arizona Phoenix long term ecological research site. Many of our 01:06:19.708 --> 01:06:24.307 researchers you've already uh heard from are a part of us a part of this 01:06:24.340 --> 01:06:29.606 large site. The Phoenix area Social Survey was a survey that we just got 01:06:29.639 --> 01:06:34.276 the results back, I think on Tuesday. So you'll see very hot off the press. 01:06:34.309 --> 01:06:40.486 Um Just some uh broad overview results. We surveyed 1200 01:06:40.519 --> 01:06:45.635 re participants in Phoenix and the surrounding area. The majority of whom 01:06:45.668 --> 01:06:49.155 are actually in the city of Phoenix though. Um We haven't, I haven't 01:06:49.188 --> 01:06:53.896 broken out any of that data yet because I, I just got it. Um But you'll 01:06:53.929 --> 01:07:00.967 see. Where am I? Oh OK. So here are the neighborhoods and these are um 01:07:01.000 --> 01:07:07.327 census black groups um Actually from 2000. This is an ongoing long term um 01:07:07.360 --> 01:07:11.327 survey. So we've retained them even though some of these areas have 01:07:11.360 --> 01:07:15.635 changed quite dramatically. You may notice um from your own work in the 01:07:15.668 --> 01:07:19.316 city that and so the different sizes, but these are neighborhoods based 01:07:19.349 --> 01:07:25.488 around the census. Um This time, our strategy for the long term ecological 01:07:25.521 --> 01:07:30.039 research site was to focus on neighborhoods that were near some areas of 01:07:30.072 --> 01:07:35.059 ecological interest as well. As um had the sort of bread of socio 01:07:35.092 --> 01:07:40.059 demographic diversity. And um so for some of our geographers and, and 01:07:40.092 --> 01:07:44.849 planners, uh you'll also notice sort of new and old development which is 01:07:44.882 --> 01:07:50.383 related to cooling heat, but as well as other sort of um social and 01:07:50.416 --> 01:07:56.693 ecological questions of interest. So we stratified our uh sampling design 01:07:56.726 --> 01:07:59.662 in this way in order to make sure we were getting neighborhoods that were 01:07:59.695 --> 01:08:04.673 close enough uh within a kilometer to some of. Uh So the salt is one of 01:08:04.706 --> 01:08:09.021 our prime ecological areas of interest as well as mountain parks. And so 01:08:09.054 --> 01:08:16.746 you'll notice that's where most of the neighborhoods are. Um OK, so the 01:08:16.779 --> 01:08:22.366 2017 survey, again, we just got it back. We had about a 40% response rate 01:08:22.399 --> 01:08:26.876 which we were happy with. It was a male survey. Um We have broad lots and 01:08:26.909 --> 01:08:29.897 lots of questions about environmental attitudes, neighborhood satisfaction 01:08:29.930 --> 01:08:34.067 , environmental knowledge, water and landscape management. And I think 01:08:34.100 --> 01:08:38.536 this survey is really very rich because it's asking people what they do on 01:08:38.569 --> 01:08:42.446 their own parcels and land. And we, there aren't a lot of other secondary 01:08:42.479 --> 01:08:46.656 data sources that we can get that. So it's sort of in important as well as 01:08:46.689 --> 01:08:50.467 you know, how they're thinking about things um happening both in the city 01:08:50.500 --> 01:08:56.595 and, and much um more broadly. So we do have quite a lot of questions. Um 01:08:56.628 --> 01:09:00.607 And again, many of the researchers here were actively involved in 01:09:00.640 --> 01:09:07.175 developing these dave in particular on the on heat. Um So their behavior 01:09:07.208 --> 01:09:11.817 mitigation concerns some of the attitudes that they have about it. Um What 01:09:11.850 --> 01:09:15.135 they're trying to do on site. So we have lots of questions and I, I don't 01:09:15.168 --> 01:09:18.897 have them with me today about all of the different behaviors they're doing 01:09:18.930 --> 01:09:26.930 on their parcel to try to deal with heat related issues. Um Maybe OK, so, 01:09:27.259 --> 01:09:30.996 you know, we have questions about how many um have swimming pools and 01:09:31.029 --> 01:09:37.036 other features. So this is maybe a higher income strategy for, for dealing 01:09:37.069 --> 01:09:40.175 with heat and, and what they think it does in terms of summer temperature. 01:09:40.208 --> 01:09:43.237 And so you can see there's quite a bit of variability there. We have 01:09:43.270 --> 01:09:47.726 questions about lawns, we have all sorts of different kinds of uh 01:09:47.759 --> 01:09:53.619 questions. Um We also have things so related, I think to the very last 01:09:53.652 --> 01:09:57.089 point which I'll, it will be exciting to see how our work and the, you 01:09:57.122 --> 01:09:59.960 know, a larger number of neighborhoods plays out with what Dave was doing 01:09:59.993 --> 01:10:04.558 with the in person surveys. Um whether or not you were ever too hot inside 01:10:04.591 --> 01:10:09.848 your home. And so how that relates to um income and other socio 01:10:09.881 --> 01:10:15.652 demographic factors. So it's rich, rich data set. Um I am excited about 01:10:15.685 --> 01:10:19.571 opportunities to collaborate with the city and I know all of our team 01:10:19.604 --> 01:10:23.332 members are, and there's really, I would say about 30 researchers who are 01:10:23.365 --> 01:10:27.213 actively are using this data set. And would be excited to, to work with 01:10:27.246 --> 01:10:31.332 you. So that's just sort of a advertisement to, to get you excited. And 01:10:31.365 --> 01:10:39.365 that's all I have because I just got the data. But thank you. 01:10:41.739 --> 01:10:49.739 So Ya Zubin is with the school sustainability. Ya, 01:10:50.899 --> 01:10:55.536 hi. So I'm going to tell you about uh three research projects that were 01:10:55.569 --> 01:11:02.256 done at SU in relation to heat uh transit and thermal comfort. 01:11:02.289 --> 01:11:07.416 Uh The first project is uh NASA develop. And the objective of this project 01:11:07.449 --> 01:11:13.567 is to help um city of Phoenix to prioritise where to install shade 01:11:13.600 --> 01:11:18.357 structures. A T the bus stops that a re currently unshaded. So, AC O 01:11:18.390 --> 01:11:24.845 Research, Tea, MS analyse uh uh remote sensing imagery uh to understand uh 01:11:24.878 --> 01:11:30.746 which uh bus stop have the highest land surface temperature. 01:11:30.779 --> 01:11:36.746 Uh The other project uh was done in summer 2016. Uh And the goal of this 01:11:36.779 --> 01:11:41.015 project was uh to understand what is the difference between thermal 01:11:41.048 --> 01:11:47.567 comfort at unshaded at shaded stops. So A SU teams conducted a service at 01:11:47.600 --> 01:11:54.286 both shaded and unshaded stops. And uh um basically, the results show that 01:11:54.319 --> 01:12:00.706 um if we uh combine server responses, weather data and ridership, uh the 01:12:00.739 --> 01:12:05.476 installation of 80 shade structures could increase thermal comfort of 01:12:05.509 --> 01:12:11.976 133,000 boardings. So, uh another objective on this is to understand what 01:12:12.009 --> 01:12:16.666 is the return of, of investment of the city that was done through uh t 01:12:16.699 --> 01:12:19.996 2050 funding. 01:12:20.029 --> 01:12:25.156 And uh the other project that was done this summer is uh to understand 01:12:25.189 --> 01:12:31.385 what is the uh relation between uh design qualities and microclimate uh on 01:12:31.418 --> 01:12:36.487 behavior and our perception of heat. So we went, uh we picked uh different 01:12:36.520 --> 01:12:41.217 bust and light rail stops that uh have different design characteristics 01:12:41.250 --> 01:12:45.246 and different microclimate characteristics and conducted field data 01:12:45.279 --> 01:12:51.317 observed how people behave, uh surveyed people uh to understand how this 01:12:51.350 --> 01:12:56.885 design actually changes our behavior and perception of heat. And uh what 01:12:56.918 --> 01:13:02.326 choices do riders make uh when they are at the bus stop. And uh the goal 01:13:02.359 --> 01:13:06.385 of this is to understand how we can influence those perceptions through 01:13:06.418 --> 01:13:09.126 design. 01:13:09.159 --> 01:13:14.305 And the second part of this project was uh to measure sun exposure for 01:13:14.338 --> 01:13:19.357 people who have to walk to the bus stop. Uh We went into uh three 01:13:19.390 --> 01:13:23.916 different neighborhoods in uh Phoenix and Edison, East Lake neighborhood, 01:13:23.949 --> 01:13:29.277 downtown Phoenix and uh between Baseline and Southern on 21st, on 24th 01:13:29.310 --> 01:13:34.126 street. And we actually walked with the cart in the sun in the summer and 01:13:34.159 --> 01:13:40.107 that wasn't very pleasant experience. So we wanted to know how much 01:13:40.140 --> 01:13:45.607 exposure does a typical bus rider gets when he uh has to walk to the bus 01:13:45.640 --> 01:13:50.946 stop. And uh also to see what is the difference in sun exposure between 01:13:50.979 --> 01:13:54.930 different neighborhoods that have different characteristics of urban form 01:13:54.963 --> 01:14:00.921 , uh urban planning and micro climate. And also even to understand the 01:14:00.954 --> 01:14:04.631 difference between different sides of the streets and uh maybe one side is 01:14:04.664 --> 01:14:08.342 more vegetated or has more shade than the other. So then we can see how we 01:14:08.375 --> 01:14:16.375 can mitigate sun exposure with design. Um That's it. Thank you. 01:14:19.708 --> 01:14:23.527 So I was gonna induce Andrew Fraser from the school of sustainable 01:14:23.560 --> 01:14:25.976 Engineering build environment. But he had something come up at the last 01:14:26.009 --> 01:14:30.487 minute, David has agreed to channel Andrew and do his presentation. So you 01:14:30.520 --> 01:14:37.006 all hold out your hands like this and hum mm have a look. A re you all set. 01:14:37.039 --> 01:14:40.277 Andrew is uh quite sorry. He couldn't be here. Andrew is an assistant 01:14:40.310 --> 01:14:43.345 research professor in the School of Sustainable Engineering and the built 01:14:43.378 --> 01:14:47.476 environment at A SU and is a teammate of ours on a number of projects uh 01:14:47.509 --> 01:14:51.015 related both to transit and understanding heat exposure in the city. Uh 01:14:51.048 --> 01:14:54.836 But also thinking about cooling centers, which is a strategy that the the 01:14:54.869 --> 01:14:58.116 city is invested in along with uh the County Health Department and the 01:14:58.149 --> 01:15:01.326 Maricopa Association student of Governments. And I want to share uh just a 01:15:01.359 --> 01:15:04.250 , a little bit of a flavor of the research that's happening at a SU uh 01:15:04.283 --> 01:15:09.738 related to cooling centers. Uh First, this is a, a resource that uh a SU 01:15:09.771 --> 01:15:13.269 faculty put together over the past few years. It's a website called Cool 01:15:13.302 --> 01:15:18.570 me dot Today and it's a map of the regional cooling centers. It exists uh 01:15:18.603 --> 01:15:21.229 both for Phoenix and some other cities. Although we need to update the 01:15:21.262 --> 01:15:25.278 data uh from other from some other cities, there are maps distributed of 01:15:25.311 --> 01:15:30.451 the cooling network by other regional agencies uh such as ma what's uh fun 01:15:30.484 --> 01:15:33.682 or innovative about the Cool Me site is that it can allow you to find the 01:15:33.715 --> 01:15:37.543 cooling center that's closest to your location uh at any given time. And 01:15:37.576 --> 01:15:40.701 we're continuing to build up our infrastructure and work with uh teammates 01:15:40.734 --> 01:15:44.003 in the city of Phoenix. Uh to think about how if and how this can be a 01:15:44.036 --> 01:15:48.192 sustainable and useful tool for helping the types of people uh who would 01:15:48.225 --> 01:15:51.726 actually be using cooling centers. 01:15:51.759 --> 01:15:55.687 Uh But on, on the, on the heart of research that's happening uh from 01:15:55.720 --> 01:15:59.217 Andrew's team uh related to understanding cooling centers. Uh We're really 01:15:59.250 --> 01:16:02.737 trying to get a sense of how accessible the existing cooling cooling 01:16:02.770 --> 01:16:07.805 center network is uh across the city. Uh What's shown here on the map are 01:16:07.838 --> 01:16:11.496 two potential cooling center locations. The asterisk is one of our formal 01:16:11.529 --> 01:16:16.555 cooling centers organized by the heat relief network uh in our region. And 01:16:16.588 --> 01:16:20.696 the uh the library logo indicates where there's a a library and both of 01:16:20.729 --> 01:16:23.876 these buildings are shown on the map to highlight that there are both 01:16:23.909 --> 01:16:28.246 formal and informal cooling centers in our region. There are for formal 01:16:28.279 --> 01:16:31.937 cooling centers. The addresses of which are routinely published as places 01:16:31.970 --> 01:16:34.626 that who need heat relief during the summer are are encouraged and welcome 01:16:34.659 --> 01:16:38.476 to visit. But there are informal cooling centers that are not part of this 01:16:38.509 --> 01:16:42.510 heat relief network that exists on where people might also be seeking 01:16:42.543 --> 01:16:46.381 refuge from the heat as well. Uh such as some of our public libraries. And 01:16:46.414 --> 01:16:49.161 what Andrew's team has been doing is is thinking from a geographical 01:16:49.194 --> 01:16:52.911 perspective about how accessible are these cooling center networks. So you 01:16:52.944 --> 01:16:55.652 can see the the box that surrounds either of these potential cooling 01:16:55.685 --> 01:16:59.550 centers is not a perfect circle or rectangle. It's this unusual shape 01:16:59.583 --> 01:17:03.001 that's related to the accessibility of those places based on the geometry 01:17:03.034 --> 01:17:07.756 of the road network. Uh They have thought very hard about what are the 01:17:07.789 --> 01:17:11.987 different types of places that could act as cooling refuges of one form or 01:17:12.020 --> 01:17:15.277 another in a formal or informal sense. And we can imagine that there are, 01:17:15.310 --> 01:17:18.515 there are different costs associated with using some of these different 01:17:18.548 --> 01:17:22.086 cooling centers. It might not be possible for example, to walk into every 01:17:22.119 --> 01:17:25.121 boat bar or a restaurant in the city and expect that you can stay there 01:17:25.154 --> 01:17:29.171 for an extended period of time without some uh discomfort or perhaps 01:17:29.204 --> 01:17:31.911 without spending a little bit of money. So they've tried to assign some 01:17:31.944 --> 01:17:35.781 cost functions to these different formal and informal cooling centers as 01:17:35.814 --> 01:17:41.027 they're thinking about what truly is accessible uh based on the existing 01:17:41.060 --> 01:17:44.706 Cooling Center network. They've developed an accessibility uh index and 01:17:44.739 --> 01:17:48.666 there are some uh alarming statistics about the accessibility of cooling 01:17:48.699 --> 01:17:52.406 centers. If you look just at the official cooling center column here. And 01:17:52.439 --> 01:17:56.845 the bottom row for Maricopa County, assuming an average walking speed for 01:17:56.878 --> 01:18:01.446 pedestrians. Uh uh The team determined that only 2% of the cooling centers 01:18:01.479 --> 01:18:05.546 would be geographically accessible uh for pedestrians. Many of the folks 01:18:05.579 --> 01:18:08.786 who are uh using cooling centers uh may not have access to their own 01:18:08.819 --> 01:18:12.357 vehicle, uh may not be able to afford even public transportation fare. So 01:18:12.390 --> 01:18:15.675 understanding what's within walking distance uh is really quite uh quite 01:18:15.708 --> 01:18:18.817 important. If we think about more of the informal cooling centers such as 01:18:18.850 --> 01:18:22.987 libraries or the commercial establishments, the accessibility uh increases 01:18:23.020 --> 01:18:26.956 although perhaps not to a a satisfactory number. So the question then is, 01:18:26.989 --> 01:18:30.376 where should we have more cooling centers? Uh These are the locations that 01:18:30.409 --> 01:18:33.496 the team identified as possible cooling centers. These are all the 01:18:33.529 --> 01:18:37.616 commercial venues that fit the criteria that you saw on the table before. 01:18:37.649 --> 01:18:40.217 Uh and they asked the question if we could pick 10 of these, what would be 01:18:40.250 --> 01:18:44.536 the best 10 locations if when the Human Services department here and their 01:18:44.569 --> 01:18:47.476 collaborators at MAG are encouraging more folks to participate in the 01:18:47.509 --> 01:18:51.635 network, which 10 facilities should they really lean on the most to ask 01:18:51.668 --> 01:18:55.397 them uh to join in. And uh here's a map of where those 10 are, the slides 01:18:55.430 --> 01:18:58.616 again will be available. We don't have the time to really discuss uh you 01:18:58.649 --> 01:19:01.397 know why, why these points are where they are, but it's related both to 01:19:01.430 --> 01:19:05.076 the vulne, uh our estimated vulnerability of the underlying population as 01:19:05.109 --> 01:19:10.616 well as the uh geography of the road and sidewalk network uh in the city. 01:19:10.649 --> 01:19:13.357 Uh Finally, I wanted to highlight just a couple of other projects that 01:19:13.390 --> 01:19:16.425 have happened related to cooling centers. A su partnered with the County 01:19:16.458 --> 01:19:20.156 and State Health Department to conduct a formal in person evaluation of 01:19:20.189 --> 01:19:23.845 our regional cooling centers in 2014. So we visited every facility 01:19:23.878 --> 01:19:27.237 observed what was happening there, talked to facility managers, surveyed 01:19:27.270 --> 01:19:30.536 people who are using the facilities. There are extensive results of 01:19:30.569 --> 01:19:34.527 available on the County Health Department's web page which is uh heat A 01:19:34.560 --> 01:19:38.166 z.com. You can get right to where the reports are. This is one of the 01:19:38.199 --> 01:19:41.095 results that I think is really encouraging. We asked the facility managers 01:19:41.128 --> 01:19:46.166 , uh what are the costs associated to your facility with participating in 01:19:46.199 --> 01:19:49.086 the heat relief network? And more than half of them said there are no 01:19:49.119 --> 01:19:53.555 additional costs uh acting as a cooling center meant making space that's 01:19:53.588 --> 01:19:57.616 already open and largely unused uh available for others. It was an easy 01:19:57.649 --> 01:20:00.376 ask for them to join the cooling center network. They didn't perceive it 01:20:00.409 --> 01:20:03.967 as a tremendous burden uh on their operations. Others of course, 01:20:04.000 --> 01:20:07.687 identified uh some costs related to providing bottled water or, or staff 01:20:07.720 --> 01:20:11.437 hours. But, but our main takeaway was that it's a, it's not a difficult 01:20:11.470 --> 01:20:16.576 ask uh for a new organization to join the Heat Relief Network. And finally 01:20:16.609 --> 01:20:20.031 uh another student, Joshua Ebel Hair from Public affairs, engaged in a 01:20:20.064 --> 01:20:24.652 participate, participatory modeling type exercise with heat relief network 01:20:24.685 --> 01:20:28.682 stakeholders. Uh The cartoon here is a, a screenshot of a computer 01:20:28.715 --> 01:20:31.923 interface where he was simulating some of the dynamics of the heat relief 01:20:31.956 --> 01:20:36.003 network. And he was asking uh folks to comment on if the model seemed to 01:20:36.036 --> 01:20:39.371 be capturing the correct behaviors and what folks saw and an overwhelming 01:20:39.404 --> 01:20:42.463 pattern uh that the folks who were engaging with this tool observed was 01:20:42.496 --> 01:20:46.049 that man of the heat relief network facilities close at 5 p.m. If you've 01:20:46.082 --> 01:20:49.688 ever walked outside at 530 or six o'clock PM, you know, it can still be 01:20:49.721 --> 01:20:53.638 quite dangerously hot uh at that time of day. And we're, we're very 01:20:53.671 --> 01:20:56.848 excited that the conversation has really shifted over the past couple of 01:20:56.881 --> 01:20:59.827 years with the heat relief network coordinators to encourage facilities to 01:20:59.860 --> 01:21:04.867 stay open uh and accessible to 67 or eight o'clock PM. Uh So we're quite 01:21:04.900 --> 01:21:08.228 interested in cooling centers. We hope the city is too. Thanks for your 01:21:08.261 --> 01:21:13.717 time. 01:21:13.750 --> 01:21:17.527 Thanks, David. You made my life a lot more comfortable. Next time I go out 01:21:17.560 --> 01:21:20.126 to the bar to get a drink. I would tell my wife, I'm going to a cooling 01:21:20.159 --> 01:21:22.586 center. 01:21:22.619 --> 01:21:27.296 Ok. So now we're gonna spend 10 minutes discussing some of the comfort um 01:21:27.329 --> 01:21:33.055 topics that we looked at. Um What is it, what do you do today that you 01:21:33.088 --> 01:21:37.135 think this comfort issue is important as to. So I can hear from some of 01:21:37.168 --> 01:21:40.515 the group 01:21:40.548 --> 01:21:46.595 I'm gonna start pointing. Come on, there we go. Josh Bednarik City of 01:21:46.628 --> 01:21:49.406 Phoenix Planning and Development Department. II, I find there's an 01:21:49.439 --> 01:21:53.826 interesting correlation between the, the thermal comfort and then the heat 01:21:53.859 --> 01:21:57.796 island and the, the overall heat. So much of what we've been doing from a 01:21:57.829 --> 01:22:01.717 coding standpoint or a zoning standpoint is trying to enhance the thermal 01:22:01.750 --> 01:22:06.256 comfort on the street through shade and then the placement of buildings. 01:22:06.289 --> 01:22:09.179 But based on the previous presentation that may be having adverse effect 01:22:09.212 --> 01:22:12.229 on the overall temperature. So III I think that'll be something that we 01:22:12.262 --> 01:22:16.299 wanna continue to discuss as we, as we look to expand the walkable urban 01:22:16.332 --> 01:22:19.860 code throughout the city, which really isn't concerned about lot coverage 01:22:19.893 --> 01:22:23.388 anymore. We're, we're, we're really wanted to maximize that lot. What are 01:22:23.421 --> 01:22:26.759 some provisions in the code that we should be thinking about with respect 01:22:26.792 --> 01:22:31.012 to the overall temperature. Our main focus has been en enhancing that 01:22:31.045 --> 01:22:35.262 thermal comfort on the right of way with the provi pro provision of street 01:22:35.295 --> 01:22:38.991 trees or other types of shading mechanisms. But I don't think we've been 01:22:39.024 --> 01:22:43.121 necessarily been focused on how the the the densification of the area has 01:22:43.154 --> 01:22:47.793 had on the overall uh surface temp temperatures. Iii I find the two topics 01:22:47.826 --> 01:22:50.756 uh interesting together. 01:22:50.789 --> 01:22:55.706 So I mean, I'll, I'll suggest that I think that the, the, the, the 01:22:55.739 --> 01:22:58.967 research that we're doing right now and comfort is sort of shifting 01:22:59.000 --> 01:23:02.147 thinking a little bit because the research you saw in the first part of 01:23:02.180 --> 01:23:05.175 the day was really the earlier research we did. What are the temperatures 01:23:05.208 --> 01:23:08.826 we're seeing what's doing that? Now, we're focusing more on just what is 01:23:08.859 --> 01:23:12.786 the comfort of people, which really is, our goal is we want people to be, 01:23:12.819 --> 01:23:16.967 be comfortable. And so I think it's possible to have areas in the city 01:23:17.000 --> 01:23:20.385 where it's hot but there aren't, people don't congregate and they don't go 01:23:20.418 --> 01:23:23.305 in areas of the city where it's cooler where people are going. So this 01:23:23.338 --> 01:23:27.336 concept of where people are and where they move, where they walk to the 01:23:27.369 --> 01:23:30.496 bus station, how did they get there? Um How do they move in their 01:23:30.529 --> 01:23:33.586 neighborhoods? How do they walk from the parking lot into the commercial 01:23:33.619 --> 01:23:36.796 center? Where are they in the commercial center? There? There are places 01:23:36.829 --> 01:23:40.277 where people are gonna be in congregate and having an understanding of 01:23:40.310 --> 01:23:45.817 where is that? And how do we make those areas cooler? Um I, I think it's 01:23:45.850 --> 01:23:50.055 something we need to be doing more of and working with you more on in 01:23:50.088 --> 01:23:54.265 terms of when you're doing site plan review or doing zoning, we can, can 01:23:54.298 --> 01:23:58.055 discuss those types of things. 01:23:58.088 --> 01:24:06.088 Sorry. Oh, Susan, again, 01:24:07.770 --> 01:24:11.946 there's a great line in one of the health affairs uh documents where a, a 01:24:11.979 --> 01:24:17.265 professor, I mean, a physician said a patient told him if you really want 01:24:17.298 --> 01:24:21.527 to help me with my blood pressure, help me with my utility bill. I use 01:24:21.560 --> 01:24:26.607 that in lots of speeches I give because I say if it's 90 degrees in my 01:24:26.640 --> 01:24:29.826 house, you can throw all the meds at me you want and my blood pressure 01:24:29.859 --> 01:24:34.555 still won't go down. So one thing to think about in your research is 01:24:34.588 --> 01:24:39.586 talking with federally qualified health centers. I mean, working this in 01:24:39.619 --> 01:24:44.385 because that's where it's physicians, particularly with chronically ill 01:24:44.418 --> 01:24:51.027 patients in lower income areas. They can be helpful to this. I in looking 01:24:51.060 --> 01:24:55.967 at it and trying to figure out they don't ask those questions. We talk a 01:24:56.000 --> 01:25:00.546 lot about the social determinants of health and how it impacts. But as 01:25:00.579 --> 01:25:05.196 you're looking through this tapping into that medical community, 01:25:05.229 --> 01:25:10.437 particularly with the uh what's called FQH CS because they are dealing 01:25:10.470 --> 01:25:16.046 with the patients uh that are seeing the impacts of it. They're not asking 01:25:16.079 --> 01:25:21.265 these questions. And so they are just literally throwing meds at people 01:25:21.298 --> 01:25:26.666 without asking the underlying for those underlying causes. But that's 01:25:26.699 --> 01:25:30.446 where our community paramedic program around the state has become very, 01:25:30.479 --> 01:25:36.446 very helpful. They're going in and assessing those needs almost every city. 01:25:36.479 --> 01:25:41.796 But Phoenix in Maricopa County has that. But so looking at those 01:25:41.829 --> 01:25:45.607 connections, as you're looking at your research, I think can be very 01:25:45.640 --> 01:25:50.746 valuable to both helping the people you're studying a and also uh helping 01:25:50.779 --> 01:25:56.836 your uh uh information and research. 01:25:56.869 --> 01:26:03.586 Carrot over here. Yeah. 01:26:03.619 --> 01:26:10.425 Mm 01:26:10.458 --> 01:26:15.626 So, so I have a question and it relates kind to both um of the topic areas 01:26:15.659 --> 01:26:20.885 that we've talked about. Um 01 of the big barriers that we encounter as we 01:26:20.918 --> 01:26:28.496 think about how to impact uh policies in, in our city. And uh that, that 01:26:28.529 --> 01:26:34.305 affect the comfort of our residents is costs and costs, not just of 01:26:34.338 --> 01:26:38.987 implementing a solution, but the long term costs of the solution. You know 01:26:39.020 --> 01:26:42.527 , we talked a little bit about pervious pavement and what what the long 01:26:42.560 --> 01:26:47.385 term costs of, of keeping that effective in the long run are. And so I'm 01:26:47.418 --> 01:26:52.265 just curious to the extent. I mean, this research is fantastic and very uh 01:26:52.298 --> 01:26:57.175 enlightening and, and helpful. But, but as as we think about making policy 01:26:57.208 --> 01:27:01.107 and implementing it here in our community, one of the big drivers of our 01:27:01.140 --> 01:27:06.826 conversations with our elected officials, our residents developers, you 01:27:06.859 --> 01:27:11.187 know, the people who are building things in our community is is costs. So 01:27:11.220 --> 01:27:14.546 I'm just curious how, how much of that is, is part of what you're thinking 01:27:14.579 --> 01:27:19.147 about. 01:27:19.180 --> 01:27:23.237 Anybody want to respond to that. If, if I respond to it, I'm gonna, you 01:27:23.270 --> 01:27:26.987 know, lock a su into some area that's gonna have to do some work on that. 01:27:27.020 --> 01:27:29.717 David. Go ahead, Karen. Thanks for your question. I think you've 01:27:29.750 --> 01:27:33.897 highlighted a need where we need to bring more people to the table. Uh The 01:27:33.930 --> 01:27:38.126 from the health statistics perspective. Uh For example, we know that a 01:27:38.159 --> 01:27:43.558 heat related hospitalization in the country averages something like $5500. 01:27:43.591 --> 01:27:48.009 So if you multiply $5500 by something like the 1000 hospitalizations we 01:27:48.042 --> 01:27:51.638 have or several 100 we have each summer, you can get a pretty large number 01:27:51.671 --> 01:27:55.278 pretty quickly. What I don't understand as a, a climate and comfort 01:27:55.311 --> 01:27:59.259 researcher is where those costs fall between public and private markets 01:27:59.292 --> 01:28:02.259 and insurance. And I think that's something that we as a community could 01:28:02.292 --> 01:28:06.281 learn more about to help you make that case. That's some of these costs uh 01:28:06.314 --> 01:28:10.642 do fall upon the public and we could recoup those costs if the right 01:28:10.675 --> 01:28:14.062 weatherization or building assistance or energy assistance programs uh 01:28:14.095 --> 01:28:18.642 were in place ahead of time before some of these costs occur. Uh We, we've 01:28:18.675 --> 01:28:22.192 , we have heard you and are thinking about this a little bit and we've 01:28:22.225 --> 01:28:25.112 been thinking about this at transit stops. Uh But we didn't have time to 01:28:25.145 --> 01:28:30.277 show, for example, uh uh is we try to calculate per every dollar that 01:28:30.310 --> 01:28:34.036 Joe's team is spending on shade structures. Uh What does that get you in 01:28:34.069 --> 01:28:37.476 terms of comfort? And we've determined that it's something like. Uh so 01:28:37.509 --> 01:28:41.217 when you raised your hand up and voted in Ariana survey, we think a dollar 01:28:41.250 --> 01:28:44.675 moves people about two points on that scale when they're at shade 01:28:44.708 --> 01:28:48.135 structures. So that's our return on investment, two points on a thermal 01:28:48.168 --> 01:28:52.482 comfort scale. $1. Is that a good investment? I mean, that's probably not 01:28:52.515 --> 01:28:55.171 for us to decide. But, but we have heard you and are trying to start to 01:28:55.204 --> 01:28:59.791 think about the return on investment in some, some clever ways. We we have 01:28:59.824 --> 01:29:03.430 done some other things to relate to that. So we created this modular 01:29:03.463 --> 01:29:07.291 design for the bus stop so that you could implement some of these shading 01:29:07.324 --> 01:29:10.726 features in a modular fashion and make it a little bit cheaper to maintain. 01:29:10.759 --> 01:29:14.687 But certainly some of the things we're talking about might suggest new 01:29:14.720 --> 01:29:18.866 programs and new, new things. But I think a lot more of what we're saying 01:29:18.899 --> 01:29:23.397 is, is that you could probably be more effective comfort wise with the 01:29:23.430 --> 01:29:26.397 money you're already spending, that you don't need to spend any more money 01:29:26.430 --> 01:29:29.836 , just how you're doing your activities now and how you're spending money. 01:29:29.869 --> 01:29:33.647 Now, if you looked at the cooling, you could be better at cooling using 01:29:33.680 --> 01:29:37.635 the same amount of money and, and that this concept of comfort where 01:29:37.668 --> 01:29:40.796 people are in comfort and what you do to make them comfort and recognizing 01:29:40.829 --> 01:29:45.046 there may be hot areas and may be cool areas um is one way to, is to do 01:29:45.079 --> 01:29:51.265 that. So how, how many of you manage a facility or manage a service where 01:29:51.298 --> 01:29:55.666 you have people coming in from outside where it's the heat, nobody, nobody 01:29:55.699 --> 01:29:59.076 , nobody's managing service. Come on. Some of you must manage services 01:29:59.109 --> 01:30:01.515 where people coming in there. I mean, they're coming from the outside, 01:30:01.548 --> 01:30:06.296 they're coming in the heat. 01:30:06.329 --> 01:30:09.885 Think about it. If you have people. Do you, how many of you manage service 01:30:09.918 --> 01:30:13.015 where people come to you? 01:30:13.048 --> 01:30:17.967 Nobody. No. Yep, there. Ok. I work with 01:30:18.000 --> 01:30:24.437 very, um where individuals are in apartment complexes, uh especially 01:30:24.470 --> 01:30:27.756 during the summer that we had tons of apartments uh without air 01:30:27.789 --> 01:30:32.296 conditioning. So working with the neighborhoods, um we have seen a rise 01:30:32.329 --> 01:30:35.826 and a lot of those complaints where there maybe a lot of the cooling uh 01:30:35.859 --> 01:30:39.046 shelters are not readily available for them or they have transportation 01:30:39.079 --> 01:30:43.277 issues. But I can definitely say I've seen an increase in a lot of those 01:30:43.310 --> 01:30:48.366 situations. So I I would suggest anybody who's providing service to people 01:30:48.399 --> 01:30:52.897 coming to a facility um has this comfort issue that you're gonna need to 01:30:52.930 --> 01:30:55.885 deal with within in the summer in terms of your customers and how you can 01:30:55.918 --> 01:31:00.446 keep them cool. Ok. So thanks for the discussion. If I could just add one 01:31:00.479 --> 01:31:04.626 point on your comment here, I think uh I think you asked about employees 01:31:04.659 --> 01:31:07.635 as well and that might be another area we can think about recovering costs 01:31:07.668 --> 01:31:10.805 is think about thermal comfort and, and uh you know, work related uh 01:31:10.838 --> 01:31:14.746 delays or illnesses are related to summer heat. That might be an area 01:31:14.779 --> 01:31:18.376 where it's very easy within our current accounting infrastructure to think 01:31:18.409 --> 01:31:21.737 about what costs are. And we could, we could do some of this work perhaps 01:31:21.770 --> 01:31:25.976 more internally as well as facing the community. 01:31:26.009 --> 01:31:30.406 All right. So we're gonna give you 10 minutes to take a break. Um, uh, no 01:31:30.439 --> 01:31:33.765 more than that. In fact, in fact, we're not even gonna take 10 minutes if 01:31:33.798 --> 01:31:37.635 you could be back here by a quarter till, um, we're gonna break until a 01:31:37.668 --> 01:31:41.467 quarter till. 01:31:41.500 --> 01:31:49.500 So there's, there's, there's ladies rooms on every floor. 01:31:51.149 --> 01:31:55.345 All right, if I can get you to take your seats, 01:31:55.378 --> 01:31:59.175 someone told me there's a prize under every seat. So if you look under 01:31:59.208 --> 01:32:01.937 your seat, 01:32:01.970 --> 01:32:05.107 so if I can get you to see, get you take your seats, please, so we can get 01:32:05.140 --> 01:32:13.140 started. 01:32:16.329 --> 01:32:19.675 All right. So I'm gonna, we're gonna, we're gonna shift to another topic 01:32:19.708 --> 01:32:23.866 and this topic is gonna be more focused on thinking about the future and 01:32:23.899 --> 01:32:28.166 planning for the future in terms of heat and comfort. And I'm, we start us 01:32:28.199 --> 01:32:31.086 out will be Halley Aiken, who's going, who's from the school? 01:32:31.119 --> 01:32:36.357 Sustainability? 01:32:36.390 --> 01:32:40.857 Hi. So, um I'm not a heat researcher, but I do research vulnerability and 01:32:40.890 --> 01:32:43.305 particularly vulnerability at the household level in a variety of 01:32:43.338 --> 01:32:47.296 different hazards. So, what I'm gonna do now is just provide you kind of a 01:32:47.329 --> 01:32:51.666 summary, conceptualist summary of uh what we've already been talking about 01:32:51.699 --> 01:32:55.737 in, in different ways uh in previous presentations to try and think about 01:32:55.770 --> 01:32:59.876 how we might approach vulnerability assessment moving forward. So 01:32:59.909 --> 01:33:04.546 vulnerability, as I believe, David already said at the beginning, um is we 01:33:04.579 --> 01:33:08.317 generally think of it as composed of three attributes exposure. Here, 01:33:08.350 --> 01:33:11.996 we're talking about heat sensitivity, which obviously varies across a 01:33:12.029 --> 01:33:15.746 population according to its characteristics where it lives. Uh What kind 01:33:15.779 --> 01:33:20.116 of attributes the population has an adaptive capacity, which is the 01:33:20.149 --> 01:33:25.476 ability to mitigate uh and mediate some of that vulnerability. Um So we 01:33:25.509 --> 01:33:31.076 can think of uh households like this uh in Phoenix where um we might uh 01:33:31.109 --> 01:33:35.277 see that it has no vegetation might be a high levels of rental properties 01:33:35.310 --> 01:33:40.555 , low uh capacity for investment in vegetation maintenance. There may be 01:33:40.588 --> 01:33:46.022 long-standing inequities or differences in infrastructure development, 01:33:46.055 --> 01:33:49.951 access to flood irrigation that allows for mature vegetation. For example 01:33:49.984 --> 01:33:55.112 , uh capacity to invest in energy efficiency. You have community 01:33:55.145 --> 01:33:59.751 characteristics, uh ethnic composition, which can create communication 01:33:59.784 --> 01:34:04.161 challenges. It can create barriers to understanding cultural behaviors and 01:34:04.194 --> 01:34:08.616 practices if we make assumptions about how people operate. But it can also 01:34:08.649 --> 01:34:12.226 mean that there may be networks and social organization that it is not 01:34:12.259 --> 01:34:17.237 really easily perceptible that serves as an adaptive mechanism. And these 01:34:17.270 --> 01:34:21.647 are po pose challenges as we try to think about what are good indicators 01:34:21.680 --> 01:34:25.246 of vulnerability because these are often attributes that are very hard to 01:34:25.279 --> 01:34:29.687 get at from existing statistics. You need to kind of be out there uh to 01:34:29.720 --> 01:34:33.576 understand uh how communities are organized and what they know what they 01:34:33.609 --> 01:34:38.027 don't know. Then of course, you have uh the population itself um we know 01:34:38.060 --> 01:34:43.237 in heat, uh elderly residents uh are often particularly uh vulnerable for 01:34:43.270 --> 01:34:48.326 their physiological and health uh um characteristics. Um But you also have 01:34:48.359 --> 01:34:51.687 different characteristics in terms of perception of risk. If you are 01:34:51.720 --> 01:34:56.527 dealing with he on a regular basis, this may be something that you're more 01:34:56.560 --> 01:35:01.296 willing and able to confront uh individually if you have that the 01:35:01.329 --> 01:35:05.036 resources available than someone who is perhaps buffered uh by the 01:35:05.069 --> 01:35:08.607 infrastructure around them. And may not be actually thinking on a daily 01:35:08.640 --> 01:35:13.305 basis about how to cope and preparing for that. Um And then finally, as 01:35:13.338 --> 01:35:16.925 we've, he heard from other presentations, the public infrastructure 01:35:16.958 --> 01:35:20.967 services and access to those services is going to provide a significant uh 01:35:21.000 --> 01:35:26.536 influence on your vulnerability. So we can see these same features uh at a 01:35:26.569 --> 01:35:29.786 different end of the spectrum in a neighborhood where you have perhaps 01:35:29.819 --> 01:35:35.595 more homeownership, more capacity to invest in uh utilities and efficiency. 01:35:35.628 --> 01:35:39.536 You may have higher energy intensity of those homes, which has other 01:35:39.569 --> 01:35:44.506 implications at higher scales in terms of water, uh utility uh demand on 01:35:44.539 --> 01:35:50.987 grids, et cetera. Um And you may have uh populations that have uh uh with 01:35:51.020 --> 01:35:55.482 income greater capacity to respond and cope with an uh particular crisis 01:35:55.515 --> 01:35:59.362 event, but they may also have a lower risk perception because they are 01:35:59.395 --> 01:36:04.640 confident in their ability to cope and more reliant on, for example, 01:36:04.673 --> 01:36:08.171 public services, public infrastructure and confident that that's gonna be 01:36:08.204 --> 01:36:12.101 there for them. Uh um And it may not as we've seen in some of the current 01:36:12.134 --> 01:36:16.751 crises uh in Puerto Rico and other places where suddenly your electric 01:36:16.784 --> 01:36:22.595 grid is not available or your transportation network is not uh accessible. 01:36:22.628 --> 01:36:26.555 So when we're thinking about vulnerability assessments, I think one of 01:36:26.588 --> 01:36:31.116 the things that we need to be uh cognizant of is that any particular 01:36:31.149 --> 01:36:36.326 environmental hazard is operating in a context that's highly dynamic. So 01:36:36.359 --> 01:36:40.885 when we think of a vile vulnerability assessment in 2007, 2008 in the 01:36:40.918 --> 01:36:45.187 middle of the, the recession, that may be very different context than 01:36:45.220 --> 01:36:49.616 today, uh where we might have different population, different political uh 01:36:49.649 --> 01:36:55.187 demographic stressors that are coincident uh with environmental stress on 01:36:55.220 --> 01:36:58.546 different populations. So we need to understand what those trends are and 01:36:58.579 --> 01:37:02.067 how they are affecting populations differently. We need to think of these 01:37:02.100 --> 01:37:06.826 spatial disparities and exposure to hazards and what's behind that and 01:37:06.859 --> 01:37:10.656 particularly the histories of investment in infrastructure and how that 01:37:10.689 --> 01:37:14.796 kind of builds up over time to create kind of legacies in the landscape 01:37:14.829 --> 01:37:19.206 and the built environment uh that can be hard to mediate. Um We need to 01:37:19.239 --> 01:37:23.567 think about these social inequities in uh coping and adaptation strategies. 01:37:23.600 --> 01:37:27.336 Uh Where are those? Is it just about income? How much of that relates to 01:37:27.369 --> 01:37:31.425 access to services and infrastructure and then population attributes that 01:37:31.458 --> 01:37:35.956 can amplify or mediate some of those uh sensitivities. And then I'd like 01:37:35.989 --> 01:37:39.796 to get down to the individual level and this implies really close 01:37:39.829 --> 01:37:44.687 interaction with uh individuals in an in uh particular context, how do 01:37:44.720 --> 01:37:48.826 people perceive their own capacity? It's something we call self efficacy. 01:37:48.859 --> 01:37:53.055 Um Do people feel like they are capable of adopting and coping and 01:37:53.088 --> 01:37:57.456 responding? What is the basis of that sentiment? Is that something that is 01:37:57.489 --> 01:38:02.777 implies a reliance on other actors, other services, public sector being 01:38:02.810 --> 01:38:07.256 there doing things for them uh or not, how kind of self reliant uh is the 01:38:07.289 --> 01:38:11.906 population? Um And then also what they're most worried about if, for 01:38:11.939 --> 01:38:16.675 example, heat is not the primary concern is I think um uh is it Suzanne 01:38:16.708 --> 01:38:21.706 who uh said in terms of it could be your utility bill or something else? 01:38:21.739 --> 01:38:25.916 Um that may be actually what's motivating your behavior. And so trying to 01:38:25.949 --> 01:38:29.345 motivate people to take action when they have other priorities and other 01:38:29.378 --> 01:38:35.187 immediate concerns um is not going to be very effective. So, in short, 01:38:35.220 --> 01:38:39.496 what I would advocate for moving forward is we really need to have a uh 01:38:39.529 --> 01:38:43.067 dialogue. And I know a lot of you are already involved in this here in 01:38:43.100 --> 01:38:48.336 Phoenix. So this is not a novel but to work with residents in not in of 01:38:48.369 --> 01:38:51.826 all categories and trying to understand how do we have a shared 01:38:51.859 --> 01:38:57.251 responsibility for and building uh capacities to vulnerability reduction. 01:38:57.284 --> 01:39:01.140 And this requires qualitative work. It requires significantly engaged 01:39:01.173 --> 01:39:05.451 work to let people define what are the answers to these questions here? 01:39:05.484 --> 01:39:08.461 How do they understand their own vulnerability? And it's based on that 01:39:08.494 --> 01:39:12.430 basis that we can start making effective strategies moving forward. Thank 01:39:12.463 --> 01:39:18.656 you. 01:39:18.689 --> 01:39:26.689 So now we're gonna have Nick Weller for also from school sustainability. 01:39:28.619 --> 01:39:31.706 All right, good morning, everyone. Um So I work with the uh Consortium for 01:39:31.739 --> 01:39:34.726 Science Policy and Outcomes at a su along with the school sustainability. 01:39:34.759 --> 01:39:38.107 Uh We recently conducted a rather large public forum as part of a project 01:39:38.140 --> 01:39:42.135 to conduct um uh public forums at uh eight sites across the country on 01:39:42.168 --> 01:39:45.626 climate resilience. Um This, this was funded by Noah. Um So the, the most 01:39:45.659 --> 01:39:48.196 recent one we just had in Phoenix a couple of weeks ago, Mark Hartman was 01:39:48.229 --> 01:39:50.555 actually our, our lunchtime speaker. He did a wonderful job. Everyone 01:39:50.588 --> 01:39:54.357 loved it. Um We, I haven't had too much time. It was just two weeks ago to 01:39:54.390 --> 01:39:57.187 run through the data, but I'll talk a little bit about um the structure of 01:39:57.220 --> 01:39:59.737 this type of engagement. Why we think it's important for thinking about 01:39:59.770 --> 01:40:03.906 heat resilience um And start to present some of the initial um findings we 01:40:03.939 --> 01:40:06.226 had. 01:40:06.259 --> 01:40:09.506 Um So the forum was based on a model of engagement that we've used for a 01:40:09.539 --> 01:40:12.717 wide variety of other projects, including informing decision making at 01:40:12.750 --> 01:40:17.376 NASA and helping um at some un climate negotiations. Uh The broad goals of 01:40:17.409 --> 01:40:21.015 these particular forums were to engage uh engage the public in learning um 01:40:21.048 --> 01:40:24.680 and making decisions about resilience, communicating about um how these 01:40:24.713 --> 01:40:27.970 hazards like extreme heat and drought will actually impact their community 01:40:28.003 --> 01:40:30.991 um promoting res uh informed and respectful dialogue among the 01:40:31.024 --> 01:40:33.312 participants themselves and then actually collecting what we're calling 01:40:33.345 --> 01:40:37.321 informed public opinion. So having people learn about the issue um over 01:40:37.354 --> 01:40:40.951 the day long deliberation and then actually getting their opinion about 01:40:40.984 --> 01:40:45.760 what this uh what this looked like. Um The board on the, on the, I guess 01:40:45.793 --> 01:40:48.711 it's your right side of the screen, no, left side of the screen. Um For 01:40:48.744 --> 01:40:50.871 all of you, that's one of the game boards that's the center of our 01:40:50.904 --> 01:40:55.746 activity. Um The activity, we, we asked participants to think about uh 01:40:55.779 --> 01:40:58.666 three broad strategies for dealing with extreme heat. One was kind of uh 01:40:58.699 --> 01:41:01.876 cooling the city through shade measures, trees, shade structures. Another 01:41:01.909 --> 01:41:04.845 one's protecting infrastructure to make sure that um key services are 01:41:04.878 --> 01:41:07.765 available when we need them. And the last one was thinking about um public 01:41:07.798 --> 01:41:11.256 health impacts and public safety 01:41:11.289 --> 01:41:15.095 uh to make the content we work with partners around uh around the valley 01:41:15.128 --> 01:41:19.067 um in from uh the organizations that you can see up on the slide. Um We, 01:41:19.100 --> 01:41:22.666 we tried to make sure that the the actual content that we were presenting 01:41:22.699 --> 01:41:27.196 to um to the public was representative of both kind of the scientific um 01:41:27.229 --> 01:41:29.666 um assessment that, that we're dealing with as well as decision making 01:41:29.699 --> 01:41:33.006 priorities across all these various organizations. Um In terms of the 01:41:33.039 --> 01:41:35.656 participants themselves, we really focused on trying to get a diverse 01:41:35.689 --> 01:41:39.175 group um of part of public participants to the uh to the Science Center 01:41:39.208 --> 01:41:43.317 for this forum, we had 66 people show up, which was actually um fantastic. 01:41:43.350 --> 01:41:46.237 That is right where we wanted to be, this map shows um based on zip code 01:41:46.270 --> 01:41:49.726 where a lot of our participants came, they broadly represent the, the 01:41:49.759 --> 01:41:54.446 demographic diversity of the uh of the uh um Central Arizona in terms of 01:41:54.479 --> 01:41:58.666 age education, ethnicity and income. We were really happy with um with how 01:41:58.699 --> 01:42:03.015 uh uh the group turned out um in terms of the actual uh some of the 01:42:03.048 --> 01:42:07.055 initial initial results. Um And these are actually based on some of some 01:42:07.088 --> 01:42:09.425 of the other forms that we've done in other cities. Not yet the Phoenix 01:42:09.458 --> 01:42:12.326 stuff because we haven't had time to, to analyze them. Um But forum 01:42:12.359 --> 01:42:15.777 participants actually learn a lot about climate resilience at these um at 01:42:15.810 --> 01:42:19.635 these events. Um So you can see that in the, in the two, the two graphs on 01:42:19.668 --> 01:42:23.496 the, on your left about the increase in knowledge um about strategies and 01:42:23.529 --> 01:42:26.416 the increase in knowledge about uh the impacts of the strategies for 01:42:26.449 --> 01:42:30.135 dealing with heat have on community that dark yellow is the um perce 01:42:30.168 --> 01:42:34.836 percentage of respondents that said um um they, their knowledge increased 01:42:34.869 --> 01:42:39.135 a lot. Um On the other side, um We also see that participants by engaging 01:42:39.168 --> 01:42:41.925 in these kinds of deliberations, uh become more interested in learning 01:42:41.958 --> 01:42:44.777 about these hazards. Um And they become more interested in actually seeing 01:42:44.810 --> 01:42:48.116 action at the local level uh to deal with these hazards. Um which is what 01:42:48.149 --> 01:42:51.906 those two charts on the right show. Um In terms of some of the other data 01:42:51.939 --> 01:42:54.836 we've collected, there's lots and lots of participant recordings, notes, 01:42:54.869 --> 01:42:57.607 things like that, more qualitative data and we haven't had time to call 01:42:57.640 --> 01:43:01.567 through. Um but we do see some um some um encouraging things on a lot of 01:43:01.600 --> 01:43:04.286 that data. For instance, we know that a lot of the participants think 01:43:04.319 --> 01:43:08.196 about these uh problems in a very complex way. Uh One of the tables at our 01:43:08.229 --> 01:43:13.220 uh forum suggested very uh diverse uh response to thinking about heat. Um 01:43:13.253 --> 01:43:17.131 combining uh impact or combining strategies from uh thinking about cooling 01:43:17.164 --> 01:43:20.680 a city, protecting infrastructure um and protecting public health. Uh And 01:43:20.713 --> 01:43:23.321 they recognize the interconnections between all those things that it's not 01:43:23.354 --> 01:43:27.592 a one sided problem. Much as like uh much as uh we've heard today through 01:43:27.625 --> 01:43:31.555 um all the other presentations um in terms of the opinions of what people 01:43:31.588 --> 01:43:34.857 actually preferred. Uh Most people saw that protecting infrastructure and 01:43:34.890 --> 01:43:37.916 thinking about keeping key services available during extreme heat events 01:43:37.949 --> 01:43:40.586 was their, was their most uh their number one priority. And there's some 01:43:40.619 --> 01:43:43.987 illustrative quotes we have up there about that um cooling the city for 01:43:44.020 --> 01:43:47.626 thermal comfort reasons. And to um and to reduce the urban he heat island 01:43:47.659 --> 01:43:51.737 impact was a secondary focus. And finally ensuring safety was another one 01:43:51.770 --> 01:43:56.666 um from examining the um audio recordings from, from um and the notes from 01:43:56.699 --> 01:43:58.805 all this, we'll actually be able to get a lot more data and not 01:43:58.838 --> 01:44:02.967 necessarily this, these broad percentages uh but much more rich data about 01:44:03.000 --> 01:44:06.107 why people are thinking about these things. Why is it that um protecting 01:44:06.140 --> 01:44:08.446 infrastructure might have been more important to someone rather than 01:44:08.479 --> 01:44:11.126 protecting uh that? Right, rather than thinking about providing shade for 01:44:11.159 --> 01:44:13.726 the community. Um So we're, we're really looking forward to looking 01:44:13.759 --> 01:44:17.567 through some of that data. Um and coming up with uh coming up with some um 01:44:17.600 --> 01:44:21.425 some interesting findings on, on what local residents are thinking, why, 01:44:21.458 --> 01:44:23.987 why they're prioritizing the things they're prioritizing and what that 01:44:24.020 --> 01:44:32.020 might mean for the future of making a cooler Phoenix. Thanks. 01:44:32.918 --> 01:44:39.286 Thanks Nick. So now we have uh Marta Barbes Blazquez. 01:44:39.319 --> 01:44:47.319 OK, good. Well done, well done. I am impressed. Um Thank you. Um Yeah. Can 01:44:48.149 --> 01:44:53.476 you hear me? Yeah. Um So yeah, so I am Marta Pervez and I'm a postdoctoral 01:44:53.509 --> 01:44:57.737 fellow with the School of Sustainability. Um And today I'm here to talk 01:44:57.770 --> 01:45:02.446 about a course uh that I've been involved with this term um As well today 01:45:02.479 --> 01:45:07.527 , I'm here on behalf of the actual course, instructors who are Paul Cosio 01:45:07.560 --> 01:45:12.866 and Alice uh Hargrove and they couldn't make it. Um So sorry. Uh The 01:45:12.899 --> 01:45:17.317 course in question is the cooler Phoenix neighborhoods. Um And we're 01:45:17.350 --> 01:45:23.635 taking South Mountain Village as a, as a case study. So um I'm gonna 01:45:23.668 --> 01:45:26.765 highlight a couple of interesting aspects of this course. And then at the 01:45:26.798 --> 01:45:31.687 end, I'm gonna uh maybe throw an opportunity uh uh for interacting with 01:45:31.720 --> 01:45:37.666 the city of Phoenix. Um So the course is offered this term and it combines 01:45:37.699 --> 01:45:42.187 upper year uh undergraduate students from the School of Design and it's 01:45:42.220 --> 01:45:47.147 also cross listed. Um And so it brings together uh the students uh from 01:45:47.180 --> 01:45:51.397 the School of Design as well as phd students from the School of 01:45:51.430 --> 01:45:54.996 Sustainability. A couple of them are are in the room. And so I think that 01:45:55.029 --> 01:45:58.876 is interesting um to bring those different types of expertise because 01:45:58.909 --> 01:46:03.006 that's where you create those space spaces for innovation and for thinking 01:46:03.039 --> 01:46:06.885 differently. Um as well as kind of need to work with the students who are 01:46:06.918 --> 01:46:10.055 upper level because it's not just about giving them um more theoretical 01:46:10.088 --> 01:46:13.906 framing, but actually they get to do things. And so this is actually one 01:46:13.939 --> 01:46:17.796 of the pictures of our first site visit where the students really get to 01:46:17.829 --> 01:46:22.687 know the area. So I, I think I, I really appreciate like the practical 01:46:22.720 --> 01:46:26.635 aspect of the course um as well. The course tries to bring together 01:46:26.668 --> 01:46:31.196 different people um and different uh projects and initiatives that are 01:46:31.229 --> 01:46:35.687 occurring um at a su so things that are happening at the School of Design 01:46:35.720 --> 01:46:39.885 , uh things that are happening at the, which is the urban resilience to 01:46:39.918 --> 01:46:44.769 extreme events, sustainability Research Network, which Um I'm part of um 01:46:44.802 --> 01:46:48.469 as well as previous work that has been done in, in Phoenix in the long 01:46:48.502 --> 01:46:53.879 term ecological research uh station. And so we're trying to uh articulate 01:46:53.912 --> 01:46:56.888 a little bit better and coordinate a little bit better uh at the A sc 01:46:56.921 --> 01:47:00.488 level, but also reaching out to the community. Uh So some of the, you know 01:47:00.521 --> 01:47:04.082 , we cannot get the students, not in this iteration of the course, we 01:47:04.115 --> 01:47:07.802 cannot get the students to work with the community. But at least we try to 01:47:07.835 --> 01:47:10.213 bring the community to them, which is sort of like the second best uh 01:47:10.246 --> 01:47:13.982 thing that we can do. So, uh there's a lot of speakers from, from the 01:47:14.015 --> 01:47:17.003 community uh that come and, you know, they give their perspectives and 01:47:17.036 --> 01:47:21.411 they try to just create a more well rounded um idea about uh South 01:47:21.444 --> 01:47:26.956 Mountain Village. Um So, yes, so I just listen to a couple of the speakers 01:47:26.989 --> 01:47:31.687 that have come. Uh And what is it that the students do in the course? Um 01:47:31.720 --> 01:47:35.496 So they have the, there's three parts of the course, the first uh part, 01:47:35.529 --> 01:47:39.635 we're trying to get them to think about uh the, the, the regional scale 01:47:39.668 --> 01:47:45.376 and the local scale. And so uh how maybe regional trends you um are 01:47:45.409 --> 01:47:49.437 connected to local uh things that they are observing and some of the cross 01:47:49.470 --> 01:47:54.286 cutting themes that they are tackling are uh people. So like social um 01:47:54.319 --> 01:47:58.357 questions that are South Mountain that, that emerge from South uh mountain 01:47:58.390 --> 01:48:04.496 Village um as well, heat figures prominently uh water connectivity and as 01:48:04.529 --> 01:48:08.095 well as wildlife corridors. And so those are cross cutting themes and the 01:48:08.128 --> 01:48:11.817 students are bringing together data and are trying to uh figure out where 01:48:11.850 --> 01:48:15.696 are the points of connection. And you know, uh they have a little bit of 01:48:15.729 --> 01:48:20.086 free range. So it's interesting to see uh how they're making sense of and 01:48:20.119 --> 01:48:25.237 of the connections uh between these themes. And then uh the second part 01:48:25.270 --> 01:48:29.916 which they are starting to work on now is to uh develop a master plan 01:48:29.949 --> 01:48:33.656 where they're trying to give some recommendations on how we could use 01:48:33.689 --> 01:48:38.226 green infrastructure um to improve South Mountain Village. So, and th 01:48:38.259 --> 01:48:42.616 those would be high level recommendations. Um And the last thing that they 01:48:42.649 --> 01:48:48.055 haven't started working on, but they will um is to do uh to take it one 01:48:48.088 --> 01:48:52.366 level more concrete and to actually do a site scale uh demonstration. So 01:48:52.399 --> 01:48:57.786 take one little piece that could be a bus stop, that could be a portion of 01:48:57.819 --> 01:49:02.256 a street uh a parcel. So something small but that, that they can actually 01:49:02.289 --> 01:49:07.345 design. Um And so Paul did tell me to let you know that is not too late to 01:49:07.378 --> 01:49:11.286 include if you have something that, that is uh site scale and that you 01:49:11.319 --> 01:49:14.967 think that it would be interesting to have some uh design students aided 01:49:15.000 --> 01:49:19.647 by some uh phd students uh work on and, and come up with some interest in 01:49:19.680 --> 01:49:25.187 innovative design. Um you know, find me after and uh we can talk. Thank 01:49:25.220 --> 01:49:31.336 you. 01:49:31.369 --> 01:49:35.586 Thanks. So, I'm gonna introduce Melissa Davison. It's also with the school 01:49:35.619 --> 01:49:37.956 Sustainability. 01:49:37.989 --> 01:49:41.746 Thanks, Ray. Good morning, everyone. I'm Melissa Davidson School 01:49:41.779 --> 01:49:44.765 Sustainability. And I'm here to talk to you today about future scenarios 01:49:44.798 --> 01:49:49.656 for the Phoenix region uh for the past 2.5 years cap A researchers have 01:49:49.689 --> 01:49:53.116 been working with over 20 governmental and nongovernmental organizations 01:49:53.149 --> 01:49:56.786 to envision the future, the long term future of the Phoenix region. And 01:49:56.819 --> 01:50:01.175 this slide is kind of a snapshot of that effort. Um We developed six 01:50:01.208 --> 01:50:04.067 different visions for the future. And again, this is long term future 01:50:04.100 --> 01:50:07.496 thinking. 2060 I'm gonna briefly go through each of the scenarios to give 01:50:07.529 --> 01:50:09.857 you an idea of the different themes that we explored and the different 01:50:09.890 --> 01:50:13.586 strategies that they employ. Uh the top row represents our adaptive 01:50:13.619 --> 01:50:17.416 scenarios and these were designed to respond to a specific climate event. 01:50:17.449 --> 01:50:21.055 Uh You can see adaptive flood, the feature there is a multi scale network 01:50:21.088 --> 01:50:24.687 of floodplains parks and during extreme precipitation events, the freeway 01:50:24.720 --> 01:50:28.567 system even becomes an emergency floodplain. The drought scenario focuses 01:50:28.600 --> 01:50:32.317 on long term water security through banking and conservation. You can see 01:50:32.350 --> 01:50:35.437 that the agriculture and urban development in that future decreases 01:50:35.470 --> 01:50:39.567 significantly to help achieve those goals. The adaptive heat uh was really 01:50:39.600 --> 01:50:43.107 focused on human scale thermal comfort and uh heat equity addressed 01:50:43.140 --> 01:50:46.456 through green and gray infrastructure specifically um concentrated in 01:50:46.489 --> 01:50:50.515 currently underserved areas. Our bottom row represents these kind of 01:50:50.548 --> 01:50:53.796 radical departures from the status quo. These are our transformative 01:50:53.829 --> 01:50:56.946 scenarios and that's really evident in the healthy harvest hubs where you 01:50:56.979 --> 01:51:00.906 can see we re envisioned urban form food and our energy system and someone 01:51:00.939 --> 01:51:03.906 was a little wacky but it was kind of fun. The middle one is the Emerald 01:51:03.939 --> 01:51:07.277 City and that one ended up balancing targets for heat, drought and flood. 01:51:07.310 --> 01:51:09.937 And they did this through a variety of really interesting design 01:51:09.970 --> 01:51:13.996 techniques such as on site water capture and reuse to support vegetation 01:51:14.029 --> 01:51:18.345 for cooling. And our last one is our waste scenario. And uh this sort of 01:51:18.378 --> 01:51:21.956 idealized the future, they reduced water energy and material waste through 01:51:21.989 --> 01:51:26.607 various reuse development um and efficiency standards. So you can see that 01:51:26.640 --> 01:51:30.147 this is a really diverse set of futures and the uh different themes have 01:51:30.180 --> 01:51:34.095 been emphasized and that's a really um unique feature of this project and 01:51:34.128 --> 01:51:37.717 it allows us to think about heat and the multiple interacting scales at 01:51:37.750 --> 01:51:42.277 which uh we've heard heat occurs today. So for instance, um one of the 01:51:42.310 --> 01:51:45.055 scenarios like I mentioned, adaptive heat was really interested in thermal 01:51:45.088 --> 01:51:47.717 comfort. And what are the strategies that can, that can really help 01:51:47.750 --> 01:51:50.836 improve thermal comfort and walk ability, shade provision. We've heard 01:51:50.869 --> 01:51:53.675 some of those today and we can think about a particular place and what 01:51:53.708 --> 01:51:57.437 those strategies look like and then zoom out to the city scale and see how 01:51:57.470 --> 01:52:00.135 those if that's the standard across our urban environment. What does that 01:52:00.168 --> 01:52:03.317 mean for urban Heat Island? Conversely, we can start with Urban Heat 01:52:03.350 --> 01:52:06.696 Island and think about surface temperature. Uh and what are the particular 01:52:06.729 --> 01:52:09.756 land use and infrastructure strategies that are gonna mitigate urban Heat 01:52:09.789 --> 01:52:13.001 Island at a regional scale and zoom into particular places and see how 01:52:13.034 --> 01:52:16.281 that plays out for thermal comfort. We can also think about other elements 01:52:16.314 --> 01:52:19.140 that have been talked about today that are important health and heat, heat 01:52:19.173 --> 01:52:22.661 related mortality, energy use. I mean, those can be entry points to think 01:52:22.694 --> 01:52:26.281 about heat specific strategies and we can explore what that means for heat 01:52:26.314 --> 01:52:30.305 at the local and the regional scale. Just to give you an example of how 01:52:30.338 --> 01:52:33.226 this plays out in one of our scenarios. This is the Emerald City again 01:52:33.259 --> 01:52:35.946 sort of a fan favorite among our participants. And you can see that it 01:52:35.979 --> 01:52:39.217 performs really, really well in terms of Urban Heat Island, it mitigates 01:52:39.250 --> 01:52:43.737 it well, it's very cool and a lot of that is due to the massive changes in 01:52:43.770 --> 01:52:47.425 green infrastructure and reduction in impervious surfaces. But if you zoom 01:52:47.458 --> 01:52:50.866 into a place that's pretty cool regionally, there are still significant 01:52:50.899 --> 01:52:53.555 temperature differences depending on where you're standing in this future. 01:52:53.588 --> 01:52:56.746 If you're not under a tree under a shade structure by the canal, it's 01:52:56.779 --> 01:52:59.656 still really, really hot. So we can explore how some of these strategies 01:52:59.689 --> 01:53:04.576 scale up or do not and scale down or do not. Another element of scenarios 01:53:04.609 --> 01:53:07.746 that's really fun is considering tradeoffs, not just among heat in 01:53:07.779 --> 01:53:11.527 different scales of heat, but other um urban services that are important 01:53:11.560 --> 01:53:15.656 such as the provision of water and water availability. Um The point of 01:53:15.689 --> 01:53:18.027 this slide is that one of these scenarios is really, really hot, it's red 01:53:18.060 --> 01:53:21.946 , it does not rem mitigate the Urban Heat Island well, but it performs 01:53:21.979 --> 01:53:25.107 better in terms of banking water. This figure is banked water over time. 01:53:25.140 --> 01:53:28.506 You can think about this as sort of a water security figure. Um and the 01:53:28.539 --> 01:53:32.336 Emerald City which is actually quite cool, performs less well in terms of 01:53:32.369 --> 01:53:34.946 water security. And that is largely a result of the water needed to 01:53:34.979 --> 01:53:38.067 support that massive greening citywide. So these are sorts of some of the 01:53:38.100 --> 01:53:42.317 sorts of things that we can explore um in our scenario work. And the last 01:53:42.350 --> 01:53:45.156 thing I wanna point out is where we're going. Uh We've done this region 01:53:45.189 --> 01:53:48.607 wide and while we've been able to zoom into particular places, we actually 01:53:48.640 --> 01:53:51.967 wanna get into a village and think about what does a vision in the future 01:53:52.000 --> 01:53:54.897 for South Mountain village look like and largely for the many of the 01:53:54.930 --> 01:53:57.425 reasons that were already discussed today. This village was chosen because 01:53:57.458 --> 01:54:02.031 of its uh disproportionate. Um The disproportionate heat impacts in that 01:54:02.064 --> 01:54:05.612 area. We want to explore Urban Heat Island extreme heat and health, as 01:54:05.645 --> 01:54:09.581 long as, as well as other categories such as transportation, flooding and 01:54:09.614 --> 01:54:13.430 drought and compare what strategies work well at the local village scale 01:54:13.463 --> 01:54:20.987 as well as at the regional scale. Thanks, 01:54:21.020 --> 01:54:24.786 thanks Melissa. So now we're gonna have Matt Georgescu from the School of 01:54:24.819 --> 01:54:31.996 Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning. Matt. Thanks. 01:54:32.029 --> 01:54:35.546 Thank you, Ray. Thank you everybody. Uh The purpose of uh the next five 01:54:35.579 --> 01:54:40.976 minutes or so is for me to provide a uh an assessment of the utility of 01:54:41.009 --> 01:54:44.765 climate models to address some of the uh heat issues that we've been 01:54:44.798 --> 01:54:49.696 discussing so far from a local to a regional scale. And so when we're 01:54:49.729 --> 01:54:53.906 thinking about climate models, it's very important to keep in mind that 01:54:53.939 --> 01:54:58.406 these are process based uh models, they are not crystal balls. Uh We have 01:54:58.439 --> 01:55:02.756 to ensure that they properly represent uh observed historical 01:55:02.789 --> 01:55:07.527 meteorological representation. So I'm showing you uh a few things on uh my 01:55:07.560 --> 01:55:13.006 left, on your right, the top panel and the bottom panel are two stations, 01:55:13.039 --> 01:55:19.456 Phoenix and Sacaton uh near surface temperatures from about 19 forties uh 01:55:19.489 --> 01:55:24.086 to about 2015. This is data that was extended from a recent publication 01:55:24.119 --> 01:55:27.616 that we had, that was provided to me by a colleague from uh School of 01:55:27.649 --> 01:55:31.305 Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Mohammed Mousawi. And you see a 01:55:31.338 --> 01:55:35.925 couple of striking differences between the uh two stations on the uh right 01:55:35.958 --> 01:55:41.135 hand side, Phoenix, the uh red line or the red uh dots, the average 01:55:41.168 --> 01:55:44.406 temperature has been increasing and we're all aware of that, but we may 01:55:44.439 --> 01:55:49.826 not be aware of what is driving that as much. And um that becomes quite 01:55:49.859 --> 01:55:54.476 obvious when we compare and contrast panel A to panel B Sacaton. Once 01:55:54.509 --> 01:55:58.265 again, we look at the red contour and we see an increase in temperature uh 01:55:58.298 --> 01:56:03.946 of roughly half that compared to Phoenix. And so we ask ourselves, what is 01:56:03.979 --> 01:56:07.586 the difference between these two stations? One of them uh within an urban 01:56:07.619 --> 01:56:12.476 core has been surrounded by urbanizing parcels for decades and decades. 01:56:12.509 --> 01:56:17.527 And one is not. And we diagnosed this through um a difference in the darn 01:56:17.560 --> 01:56:20.076 temperature range, the difference between the maximum and the minimum 01:56:20.109 --> 01:56:25.416 temperature. That is the uh blue line that you see decreasing for Phoenix. 01:56:25.449 --> 01:56:29.476 In other words, our minima are increasing with each subsequent uh year. 01:56:29.509 --> 01:56:33.397 That is not the case for Sacaton, which is not urbanizing. And so it is 01:56:33.430 --> 01:56:36.446 very important to keep in context whenever we're doing any sort of uh 01:56:36.479 --> 01:56:40.866 meteorological or climatological modeling to keep in context that we need 01:56:40.899 --> 01:56:44.946 not just an average temperature but a representative temperature that 01:56:44.979 --> 01:56:48.467 appropriately characterizes the entire diurnal cycle. In other words, 01:56:48.500 --> 01:56:52.217 every single hour of every day. And we try to do this in most of our work 01:56:52.250 --> 01:56:56.147 and compare our uh in in our case, the weather research and forecasting 01:56:56.180 --> 01:56:59.876 model on the right hand side, the uh red contour and compare that to 01:56:59.909 --> 01:57:04.522 observed values and try to ensure that the evolution of temperature 01:57:04.555 --> 01:57:08.831 throughout the day. Because as humans, we don't live in an average world, 01:57:08.864 --> 01:57:13.211 we live in a world of extremes that might be that we're outside at 5 p.m. 01:57:13.244 --> 01:57:15.991 when the maximum temperature is recorded or it might be that we're outside 01:57:16.024 --> 01:57:20.456 at 5 a.m. or at some intervening time. 01:57:20.489 --> 01:57:24.675 So uh a lot of what's on this slide has already been discussed, but I just 01:57:24.708 --> 01:57:28.206 want to briefly say that our meteorological and climatological models must 01:57:28.239 --> 01:57:32.967 of course include the receipt and and and properly characterize the 01:57:33.000 --> 01:57:36.732 receipt of incoming solar radiation by the built environment facades 01:57:36.765 --> 01:57:40.842 network, so on and so forth and appropriately characterized the way we 01:57:40.875 --> 01:57:43.842 utilize energy. So Dave Saylor already talked about anthropogenic heating 01:57:43.875 --> 01:57:48.522 , for example, uh what sort of irrigation systems that we use? Uh the 01:57:48.555 --> 01:57:51.921 density of buildings, the morphological characteristics that we have heard 01:57:51.954 --> 01:57:56.317 about previously and some of the adaptation strategies that we are all 01:57:56.350 --> 01:58:02.027 very familiar green roofs, uh trees for provision of straight uh shading 01:58:02.060 --> 01:58:06.385 structures, uh cool materials, not just cool roofs. These are all 01:58:06.418 --> 01:58:10.586 essential elements that can essentially be used as plug and play into our 01:58:10.619 --> 01:58:14.305 numerical framework so that we can address some of the implications 01:58:14.338 --> 01:58:18.256 associated with these different land use strategies. And some of the work 01:58:18.289 --> 01:58:22.296 that we've uh conducted initially for Arizona and then on a uh scale for 01:58:22.329 --> 01:58:26.857 the entire uh continental United States uh really characterizes the effect 01:58:26.890 --> 01:58:32.376 of the principal forcing agents that um govern the way cities are changing 01:58:32.409 --> 01:58:35.826 from a climatic perspective. And that is to say that we tend to think 01:58:35.859 --> 01:58:40.817 about uh our urban climate as in a vacuum. But in actual reality, there 01:58:40.850 --> 01:58:45.027 are two stressors that impact the meteorology and the climate within urban 01:58:45.060 --> 01:58:49.357 environments. And those are the uh effect of greenhouse gas emissions and 01:58:49.390 --> 01:58:53.107 the impact of the build infrastructure. And so the panels uh that you see 01:58:53.140 --> 01:58:57.366 in front of you uh are a simple ratio of the impact of urban induced 01:58:57.399 --> 01:59:01.746 warming. This is for scenarios conducted uh with data obtained from the 01:59:01.779 --> 01:59:05.527 Maricopa Association of Governments and then input into our uh climate 01:59:05.560 --> 01:59:09.546 models. They are a ratio of urban induced warming relative to greenhouse 01:59:09.579 --> 01:59:13.116 gas emissions. Uh And what you see here really the take home message is 01:59:13.149 --> 01:59:16.717 that these two forcing agents, these two stressors in terms of temperature 01:59:16.750 --> 01:59:21.326 are are of similar order of magnitude simultaneously. That's good news and 01:59:21.359 --> 01:59:24.616 that's bad news from a global perspective, we cannot change. For example, 01:59:24.649 --> 01:59:28.937 the emissions of Los Angeles or Tokyo or New York City. On the flip side, 01:59:28.970 --> 01:59:33.937 we can't change how we uh structure and design our uh land surface 01:59:33.970 --> 01:59:38.925 characteristics specific to our particular city. And so you've already 01:59:38.958 --> 01:59:43.246 heard uh Melissa uh initiate discussion about the designing of future 01:59:43.279 --> 01:59:46.885 scenarios. And so these are the uh same representations from a land 01:59:46.918 --> 01:59:53.446 surface perspective of the uh futures uh work that she has been leading. 01:59:53.479 --> 01:59:57.906 Uh this is work that is in preparation and we've run this uh these land 01:59:57.939 --> 02:00:02.055 surface conditions and put them into our regional climate models to try to 02:00:02.088 --> 02:00:05.987 diagnose what the impacts are across the darnel scale in terms of 2 m 02:00:06.020 --> 02:00:09.076 temperature. And what you see from one of these scenarios, strategic 02:00:09.109 --> 02:00:12.086 scenarios, which is essentially a complete replacement of existing 02:00:12.119 --> 02:00:16.817 agriculture to urban infrastructure and an infill of currently vacant uh 02:00:16.850 --> 02:00:22.175 spaces within the Phoenix um uh borders and the uh adjacent metropolitan 02:00:22.208 --> 02:00:26.536 area. And what we see here is that for daytime impact. So the image that 02:00:26.569 --> 02:00:31.805 states 5 p.m. there are not really noticeable effects on 2 m temperature, 02:00:31.838 --> 02:00:35.156 right? So when we're thinking about urban heat Island, the daytime effect 02:00:35.189 --> 02:00:38.996 is really negligible. But when we're looking at five m again against the 02:00:39.029 --> 02:00:43.055 entirety of the diurnal cycle, what we see is a significant increase on 02:00:43.088 --> 02:00:49.647 the order of about two °C, 2 to 3 °C or about 4 to 6 °F. With that said, 02:00:49.680 --> 02:00:52.555 I'll wrap it up there because I'm getting the uh stink eye from our 02:00:52.588 --> 02:00:56.876 wonderful colleague, uh happy to extend the uh conversation and really to 02:00:56.909 --> 02:01:00.786 work with many of you on some uh of the exciting collaborations that I 02:01:00.819 --> 02:01:06.746 think are emerging here. Thank you. 02:01:06.779 --> 02:01:09.987 So now we have Matt Fraser from the School of Sustainable Engineering and 02:01:10.020 --> 02:01:13.876 build Environment. Thank you. Um Before I begin, let me just thank uh 02:01:13.909 --> 02:01:17.027 everybody. Well, first of all, the organizers for this opportunity to kind 02:01:17.060 --> 02:01:20.536 of change topics and talk a little bit about air quality and thanks to all 02:01:20.569 --> 02:01:24.357 of you for your attention uh, here today. So I'm gonna do things a little 02:01:24.390 --> 02:01:27.616 different. Uh I want to tell you about some of the air quality, uh, 02:01:27.649 --> 02:01:32.046 studies that my group has, um, uh, helped lead uh, here in the valley. Uh 02:01:32.079 --> 02:01:35.067 , and I'm not going to give you the conclusions. I'm gonna make you fill 02:01:35.100 --> 02:01:38.765 out one of these forms or, or talk to me afterwards uh to get more 02:01:38.798 --> 02:01:41.706 information about the details of what we found through these studies. 02:01:41.739 --> 02:01:44.737 First, uh the first one that's located up there. Uh One of our first 02:01:44.770 --> 02:01:47.717 studies here in the Valley was on the urban fringe. Uh And the urban 02:01:47.750 --> 02:01:51.845 Fringe is interesting because you have this influx of urban sources such 02:01:51.878 --> 02:01:57.226 as transportation and existing agricultural sources and a new population 02:01:57.259 --> 02:02:00.256 that's suddenly being exposed to this. So we wanted to understand what the 02:02:00.289 --> 02:02:04.246 sources are on the urban fringe. Uh We also looked um as Mark mentioned at 02:02:04.279 --> 02:02:08.567 the beginning, sometimes two communities very geographically close can 02:02:08.600 --> 02:02:11.726 have very different environments. And so the second study up there, we 02:02:11.759 --> 02:02:15.406 actually had two sites in South Phoenix. Uh And we had one site in Tempe 02:02:15.439 --> 02:02:19.796 and we are comparing and contrasting the exposure of those communities to 02:02:19.829 --> 02:02:23.925 heavy metal specifically uh and also to other particulate air pollutants 02:02:23.958 --> 02:02:27.857 um to understand how different communities get exposed even though they're 02:02:27.890 --> 02:02:31.756 geographically quite so quite close together. Uh The third study which is 02:02:31.789 --> 02:02:35.206 off the map is actually down in Pinal County. Uh And we were looking at 02:02:35.239 --> 02:02:38.826 the contribution of course particulates to their local air quality issues 02:02:38.859 --> 02:02:42.317 down in Pinal County. And while a lot of the focus is on fine particles 02:02:42.350 --> 02:02:46.317 from things like diesel vehicles, uh the co contribution is also important 02:02:46.350 --> 02:02:49.777 to characterize. And then finally, the fourth study up there, we had two 02:02:49.810 --> 02:02:53.067 sites uh and we actually had one site about five miles north of here. Um 02:02:53.100 --> 02:02:57.067 looking at the composition of organic vapors uh because those are some of 02:02:57.100 --> 02:03:00.416 the emissions that contribute to ground level ozone formation. Uh and 02:03:00.449 --> 02:03:04.467 looking at the ambient measurement of those vapors and saying, what can we 02:03:04.500 --> 02:03:08.746 find out about the ambient measurements? And how does that compare uh to 02:03:08.779 --> 02:03:12.467 what the emission inventories uh are doing? So we did one site just uh 02:03:12.500 --> 02:03:16.187 north of here and then one site way out on the urban fringe in uh Queen 02:03:16.220 --> 02:03:20.796 Valley uh as a comparison uh back and forth between there. Now, maybe I uh 02:03:20.829 --> 02:03:24.296 have skipped ahead already and I wanna um make sure that you appreciate 02:03:24.329 --> 02:03:29.116 that there is a link between urban heat and urban air quality. Uh And 02:03:29.149 --> 02:03:32.616 maybe I'm preaching to the choir here. Uh But first, you should appreciate 02:03:32.649 --> 02:03:36.536 that the pollutants of concern here being ground level ozone and 02:03:36.569 --> 02:03:40.726 particulate air pollutants are linked to health outcomes. Uh whether you 02:03:40.759 --> 02:03:44.116 look at things like hospitalizations due to asthma uh or other 02:03:44.149 --> 02:03:47.246 epidemiological studies here in Phoenix, we know that the exposure to 02:03:47.279 --> 02:03:50.916 these pollutants uh is causing a health impact. And so when we talk about 02:03:50.949 --> 02:03:55.036 the burden of heat, uh we should also think about how does that correspond 02:03:55.069 --> 02:03:58.496 or how does that augment or how does that exacerbate the impacts 02:03:58.529 --> 02:04:03.296 associated uh with air quality? And the next thing I want to tell you is 02:04:03.329 --> 02:04:08.675 that increased temperatures do result in increased emissions. Now, an air 02:04:08.708 --> 02:04:12.107 quality person like me, we talk about breathing emissions and I'm not 02:04:12.140 --> 02:04:17.175 talking about breath. Uh I'm talking about organic volatile material which 02:04:17.208 --> 02:04:22.527 is stored. Uh and as things get hot things expand uh and things volatilize. 02:04:22.560 --> 02:04:26.166 Uh And so you'll get emissions of gasoline vapors uh to the atmosphere 02:04:26.199 --> 02:04:29.456 just by changing temperatures because things expand and contract, expand 02:04:29.489 --> 02:04:32.906 and contract. We've done a very good job with things like automobiles by 02:04:32.939 --> 02:04:37.126 having sealing gas cans. Uh So you don't have your car sitting in the sun 02:04:37.159 --> 02:04:41.116 getting hot and emitting vapors to the atmosphere, but there are still a 02:04:41.149 --> 02:04:45.817 lot of breathing emissions out there, whether it's uh backyard, gasoline 02:04:45.850 --> 02:04:50.586 powered lawn mowers or gasoline storage uh in small gasoline containers. 02:04:50.619 --> 02:04:54.536 That still is an important thing. And the other impact of increased 02:04:54.569 --> 02:04:58.777 temperatures is in what I'll call fugitive dust emissions. Fugitive dust 02:04:58.810 --> 02:05:02.265 emissions is exactly what it sounds like it's dust from a variety of 02:05:02.298 --> 02:05:06.506 sources. And one of the biggest impacts on fugitive dust emissions is soil 02:05:06.539 --> 02:05:11.357 moisture and increasing temperatures decreases soil moisture. So as 02:05:11.390 --> 02:05:14.376 temperatures get hot, you get higher emissions of these fugitive emissions 02:05:14.409 --> 02:05:20.067 , whether it's from construction sites in the center of the city, uh or 02:05:20.100 --> 02:05:24.376 abandon agriculture at the edge of the city. Uh increasing temperatures is 02:05:24.409 --> 02:05:27.555 leading to increased fugitive emissions. Now, what are we going to do 02:05:27.588 --> 02:05:32.156 about this? I want to say that there are opportunities to go after both 02:05:32.189 --> 02:05:38.916 urban heat and air quality through solutions. And you know, maybe I don't 02:05:38.949 --> 02:05:41.876 want to offend anybody in this room. Uh And maybe this is a little 02:05:41.909 --> 02:05:45.706 controversial, but the first thing I wanna tell you, there is absolutely 02:05:45.739 --> 02:05:53.696 positively no air quality benefit of driving around an empty bus. So what 02:05:53.729 --> 02:05:58.095 we should do is we should focus on the improving the appeal of mass 02:05:58.128 --> 02:06:02.656 transit. A lot of people have talked about improving or reducing barriers 02:06:02.689 --> 02:06:07.546 to people taking mass transit and along with mass transit, alternative 02:06:07.579 --> 02:06:11.817 transportation also includes walking, biking and all those things that can 02:06:11.850 --> 02:06:18.296 be improved by addressing barriers and one of the barriers is heat. 02:06:18.329 --> 02:06:22.366 Next, let me also mention that we're in the middle of a massive deployment 02:06:22.399 --> 02:06:27.675 of surfaces, whether those are urban forestry or shade structures or even 02:06:27.708 --> 02:06:31.567 our photovoltaic systems. We're putting these massive amounts of surface 02:06:31.600 --> 02:06:36.027 area out there and we should take the opportunity to think strategically 02:06:36.060 --> 02:06:40.586 about how surfaces can remove air pollutants 02:06:40.619 --> 02:06:44.277 and finally fugitive dust emissions. This is something that I think uh A 02:06:44.310 --> 02:06:48.015 SS U has a lot of active research in uh these include large area 02:06:48.048 --> 02:06:52.576 treatments. So think of abandoned agriculture at the edge of the city. How 02:06:52.609 --> 02:06:57.015 can we treat those to mitigate dust and also more localized treatment uh 02:06:57.048 --> 02:07:01.726 in uh uh construction sites near the urban core. So with that, I will uh 02:07:01.759 --> 02:07:08.027 step down and thank you very much for your attention. 02:07:08.060 --> 02:07:14.317 Last, but not least we have Melissa Guererro and um I wanna add something. 02:07:14.350 --> 02:07:19.416 Melissa has been really at the center of everything you've seen today. Um 02:07:19.449 --> 02:07:24.456 She, she wrangled all of the faculty to generate presentations and keep 02:07:24.489 --> 02:07:28.976 them to a couple of slides, five minutes. Um She put the agenda. So I, I'd 02:07:29.009 --> 02:07:31.737 like you all to give a round of applause first for Melissa Bar for 02:07:31.770 --> 02:07:35.696 organizing it. Thanks. 02:07:35.729 --> 02:07:41.916 Does this mean I get more than five minutes? Right? 02:07:41.949 --> 02:07:45.456 Um First, I'd like to talk about the Cooler Phoenix project that I've been 02:07:45.489 --> 02:07:51.027 working on with Ray Kui, uh Chuck Redman and Dave Houla and Arian Middle 02:07:51.060 --> 02:07:55.496 where we've been trying to work with the city so that uh we can coalesce 02:07:55.529 --> 02:08:01.036 the forces of a su and the city people to both create meaningful research 02:08:01.069 --> 02:08:07.366 and have the city help researchers um be uh have more access and make more 02:08:07.399 --> 02:08:10.967 meaningful research. And there's already uh a research team that's up and 02:08:11.000 --> 02:08:15.126 running Um I know that Dave Hondo is on it with the Transportation folks. 02:08:15.159 --> 02:08:18.265 And right now we're trying to get another research team together that's 02:08:18.298 --> 02:08:23.175 dealing with the choice neighborhoods and uh we will be meeting shortly. 02:08:23.208 --> 02:08:28.277 Um This is also all this information that you see here. Uh I think in the 02:08:28.310 --> 02:08:33.166 break slides has a URL and all of the information will be posted on that 02:08:33.199 --> 02:08:38.595 URL and it's resting at Dave Saylor's Urban Climate Center website. So now 02:08:38.628 --> 02:08:45.107 I'm gonna talk about nature's cooling system and this is, 02:08:45.140 --> 02:08:48.717 this is actually another collaborative effort. And what we're really doing 02:08:48.750 --> 02:08:53.496 is addressing heat through a health equity lens. And we're looking at it 02:08:53.529 --> 02:08:58.796 from a grass tops uh approach and then also a grassroots approach. And uh 02:08:58.829 --> 02:09:02.357 it's being led by the Nature Conservancy, Maggie Messerschmidt wave. Your 02:09:02.390 --> 02:09:06.765 hand is uh basically running the show there with a lot of Cooper operation 02:09:06.798 --> 02:09:12.237 from um these other partners that you see. 02:09:12.270 --> 02:09:15.055 Oh, sorry that you can't see this. I thought that would be a little bit 02:09:15.088 --> 02:09:21.555 more clear. So this is our workflow and the grass tops is 02:09:21.588 --> 02:09:26.376 the grass tops is really the Maricopa County Association of Governments 02:09:26.409 --> 02:09:30.006 where we're really looking to provide information about heat reduction and 02:09:30.039 --> 02:09:33.746 the landscape scale. And we're approaching this through planners, through 02:09:33.779 --> 02:09:38.406 engineers, through conservation professionals. And then also that informed 02:09:38.439 --> 02:09:41.885 by the grassroots by the people on the ground. And we're trying to work 02:09:41.918 --> 02:09:45.635 through our partners and neighborhood associations um homeowners 02:09:45.668 --> 02:09:49.376 Associations and other community members. And the important point here is 02:09:49.409 --> 02:09:55.187 that one of these is going to inform the other and vice versa. So 02:09:55.220 --> 02:10:00.987 we've already started this by having a presentation for the Arizona 02:10:01.020 --> 02:10:06.006 Chapter of the American Planning Association. And we had presentations on 02:10:06.039 --> 02:10:10.777 the, uh I and extreme heat and then the health health impacts of that. And 02:10:10.810 --> 02:10:14.656 then we basically had a discussion about good design principles and these 02:10:14.689 --> 02:10:18.626 were primarily urban planners that were in the room and then we broke out 02:10:18.659 --> 02:10:22.621 into three groups. One was about the urban environment, another one was 02:10:22.654 --> 02:10:26.621 about the suburban environment and then the peri urban environment. And 02:10:26.654 --> 02:10:30.291 what would you do to cool these spaces and what are some of the hurdles 02:10:30.324 --> 02:10:35.406 that you have in terms of cooling these spaces? And a lot of the um a lot 02:10:35.439 --> 02:10:39.265 of the discussion probably has been mentioned already cool roofs and trees. 02:10:39.298 --> 02:10:42.925 But there are other things that were quite interesting and rather 02:10:42.958 --> 02:10:46.805 unwieldy with figuring out how to work with. One is that our financial 02:10:46.838 --> 02:10:51.666 institutions are not set up to provide loans and financing for really 02:10:51.699 --> 02:10:55.726 innovative designs. Another one is that building code, we know that there 02:10:55.759 --> 02:10:59.946 are services that are better in terms of mitigating urban heat and yet 02:10:59.979 --> 02:11:05.317 they are not necessarily allowed based upon coding such as Rammed Earth 02:11:05.350 --> 02:11:09.885 community cohesion and uh the Dominic car culture also came up quite, 02:11:09.918 --> 02:11:13.237 quite frequently. We're gonna take that information and combine it with 02:11:13.270 --> 02:11:16.916 the information that Nick Weller has done at the Arizona Science Center 02:11:16.949 --> 02:11:21.226 and we're going to bring it back to uh the Maricopa Association of 02:11:21.259 --> 02:11:24.976 Governments. Uh later this year. 02:11:25.009 --> 02:11:28.607 We've also been working at the neighborhood scale and we've picked three 02:11:28.640 --> 02:11:32.425 neighborhoods to work with. One is the choice neighborhoods, another one 02:11:32.458 --> 02:11:35.805 is in South Mountain and this is a much smaller scale than the work that's 02:11:35.838 --> 02:11:40.527 being done through uh Paul Coo's group, but it certainly can be informed 02:11:40.560 --> 02:11:45.246 there. And then the third one is in Mesa. And we've selected all these 02:11:45.279 --> 02:11:49.631 neighborhoods based upon, on their heat vulnerability, based upon uh 02:11:49.664 --> 02:11:54.241 negative public health outcomes due to heat. Um the presence of future 02:11:54.274 --> 02:11:58.081 development, we want to be able to have these people develop heat action 02:11:58.114 --> 02:12:01.402 plans for their own community and then also experience in the community. 02:12:01.435 --> 02:12:05.652 All of these neighborhoods are in or near the neighborhoods that Abby had 02:12:05.685 --> 02:12:09.437 talked about for Cap LTR. 02:12:09.470 --> 02:12:12.467 And one of the unique ways that we are doing this is that we are doing 02:12:12.500 --> 02:12:16.286 this through uh whole measures for urban conservation. And this is a 02:12:16.319 --> 02:12:21.095 framework to ensure that our program is really looking at uh what we're 02:12:21.128 --> 02:12:26.006 going to do through the lens of socio-economic impact and equity. So in 02:12:26.039 --> 02:12:29.946 conclusion, this is a top down and bottom up approach where the city can 02:12:29.979 --> 02:12:37.979 certainly nestle right in the middle and be very helpful. Thank you. 02:12:40.899 --> 02:12:44.086 That was great. That was only four minutes. 02:12:44.119 --> 02:12:47.156 All right. So we're gonna open up for discussion now to talk about 02:12:47.189 --> 02:12:51.796 anything, anything, any one of the topics that you had, how it relates to 02:12:51.829 --> 02:12:55.857 the work that you do, um If you have questions, um this would be the time 02:12:55.890 --> 02:13:02.836 to ask. So anybody want to start out? 02:13:02.869 --> 02:13:08.586 Ok, I'm gonna point Josh in the back. Josh. So Melissa talked about this 02:13:08.619 --> 02:13:14.437 issue about codes and both codes in terms of design and codes in terms of 02:13:14.470 --> 02:13:18.296 materials and that type of thing. And I know we've done some of that for 02:13:18.329 --> 02:13:23.397 the urban downtown urban form plan. But how do we go about um addressing 02:13:23.430 --> 02:13:28.946 this issue of codes and form and materials at the development review level 02:13:28.979 --> 02:13:35.345 ? Sure. Uh you know, one of the strategies we've employed is there's a 02:13:35.378 --> 02:13:41.067 sustainability bonus section in the in the at the end of the downtown code 02:13:41.100 --> 02:13:47.226 that provides a a point system to allow a project to get more height, more 02:13:47.259 --> 02:13:51.805 lot coverage. And so I think that we can continue to utilize that as 02:13:51.838 --> 02:13:55.726 incentives to provide flexibility. I think Karen did a great job talking 02:13:55.759 --> 02:13:59.607 about how do we sell this from a numbers standpoint? Well, providing 02:13:59.640 --> 02:14:04.506 regulatory flexibility translates to to to numbers for on a development 02:14:04.539 --> 02:14:08.265 project. I think if we could incorporate those into quotes to say, if you 02:14:08.298 --> 02:14:12.376 chose this route or these strategies, we can give you flexibility in these 02:14:12.409 --> 02:14:16.076 development standard areas. That could certainly be one strategy and I 02:14:16.109 --> 02:14:19.576 think that, that that would be helpful for us if in a collaboration, to 02:14:19.609 --> 02:14:22.696 tell us what would be those areas to focus on, what, what would be those 02:14:22.729 --> 02:14:27.696 adjustments, how much open space should be, what would be that threshold 02:14:27.729 --> 02:14:31.746 to say if you provide this much open space, you get this much bonus. Uh 02:14:31.779 --> 02:14:35.925 and it would have this much impact on thermal comfort and the urban heat 02:14:35.958 --> 02:14:38.885 island. Uh I think there's a lot of opportunity for us to have those 02:14:38.918 --> 02:14:43.656 discussions to make some modifications uh to, to our codes in that regard. 02:14:43.689 --> 02:14:46.336 Ok, great. Thanks 02:14:46.369 --> 02:14:48.987 somebody else. 02:14:49.020 --> 02:14:53.866 Oh, good. Yeah, 02:14:53.899 --> 02:14:57.515 thank you from uh um I'm from the Office of Homeland Security Emergency 02:14:57.548 --> 02:15:01.876 Management. And I think there's some opportunities for us in terms of the 02:15:01.909 --> 02:15:06.717 public engagement piece and prep and preparedness and resilience is with 02:15:06.750 --> 02:15:11.781 some of those scenarios as well as with the um public engagement piece in 02:15:11.814 --> 02:15:16.312 terms of the resilience plan. I heard them say about a resilience plan and 02:15:16.345 --> 02:15:20.470 there's some opportunity because we're starting that piece, that component 02:15:20.503 --> 02:15:24.421 in our office in terms of going out into the communities with the public 02:15:24.454 --> 02:15:31.836 engagement piece. OK, thanks, Josh. Great. Yeah, you, you can have the 02:15:31.869 --> 02:15:35.527 next five minutes. Josh, if you want another thing, I, I think if we're 02:15:35.560 --> 02:15:38.416 looking at, at ways to collaborate, that cities are, are constantly in 02:15:38.449 --> 02:15:41.226 competition, I think probably the most high profile example of that is 02:15:41.259 --> 02:15:45.666 that the race for Amazon right now. Right. Well, uh part of what might be 02:15:45.699 --> 02:15:48.946 helpful is to think about again, I'll, I'll build on what Karen had said. 02:15:48.979 --> 02:15:52.717 What could we point to, to say that what other cities have done? And I, 02:15:52.750 --> 02:15:56.027 as part of research, I don't know if I, one thing I didn't see, have there 02:15:56.060 --> 02:15:59.805 been some success stories that we could point to, to say, look, City X did 02:15:59.838 --> 02:16:02.626 this and look what the the economic benefit or look what the social 02:16:02.659 --> 02:16:06.027 benefit was. I think those would be great things to add to this narrative 02:16:06.060 --> 02:16:11.246 in this discussion so that as as policy implemented, implement, we can 02:16:11.279 --> 02:16:14.937 have discussions with our policy making body about what other cities have 02:16:14.970 --> 02:16:18.015 done and how that's been successful. So II I, I'd keep that in mind as we 02:16:18.048 --> 02:16:21.817 continue this collaboration. OK. That's a good thing for us to know is 02:16:21.850 --> 02:16:27.595 that maybe we could do some exploratory research on what the people doing. 02:16:27.628 --> 02:16:35.628 OK. Any other comments, discussions, ideas, 02:16:36.950 --> 02:16:40.635 streets, the streets here today, some someone from streets, I saw someone 02:16:40.668 --> 02:16:44.266 earlier streets, streets. Are we, what are we doing in terms of paving 02:16:44.299 --> 02:16:47.566 materials? Uh the mix you're using. You know, one of the interesting 02:16:47.599 --> 02:16:51.747 things is we had a session in Flagstaff about a year ago where we 02:16:51.780 --> 02:16:55.536 discussed with Flagstaff, the impacts of climate increased heat. And one 02:16:55.569 --> 02:16:58.726 of the things that came out of the discussion was is the mix they use 02:16:58.759 --> 02:17:03.185 wasn't gonna work when temperatures got higher. So are we, we thinking 02:17:03.218 --> 02:17:09.587 about those things? Anybody, somebody, 02:17:09.620 --> 02:17:17.620 I'm sorry? Oh, he left, sorry. Ok. Go ahead. Yes. Good 02:17:20.338 --> 02:17:24.194 nine. 02:17:24.227 --> 02:17:29.916 Working with EPA A SU and region nine to talk about paving materials and 02:17:29.949 --> 02:17:33.166 roofing materials. So we've had that discussion going just a couple of 02:17:33.199 --> 02:17:39.126 months. So we are exploring those activities. Cool, cool. All right. What 02:17:39.159 --> 02:17:44.576 else? Any other thoughts? 02:17:44.609 --> 02:17:48.757 Oh, go ahead. Go ahead. We'll do that one and then we'll do Mark. Look, I 02:17:48.790 --> 02:17:53.926 have to queue people up now. This is great closer. So, yeah, I think the 02:17:53.959 --> 02:17:58.646 um the conversation around the tradeoffs with water is super important. Um 02:17:58.679 --> 02:18:03.167 I've heard uh you know, in the rhetoric like that, that grass can be cool 02:18:03.200 --> 02:18:06.837 and, and of course, that's, that can be true. But, but we should be 02:18:06.870 --> 02:18:11.146 thinking really careful about carefully about our vegetation choices. Um 02:18:11.179 --> 02:18:14.525 And what we're encouraging there, I think that the nature Conservancy has 02:18:14.558 --> 02:18:18.605 a big role to play and in that conversation around soil health and, and 02:18:18.638 --> 02:18:23.346 the tradeoffs between cooling and, and with vegetation and what type of 02:18:23.379 --> 02:18:27.946 vegetation is appropriate. Um There's a lot of folks in this room, Richard 02:18:27.979 --> 02:18:32.635 Adkins that, that are involved in and um, you know, the tree work, but I 02:18:32.668 --> 02:18:36.185 think that we, you know, shrubs and, and discussion around grass is 02:18:36.218 --> 02:18:39.296 important also. 02:18:39.329 --> 02:18:42.656 Ok. That's a good one. 02:18:42.689 --> 02:18:46.944 Mark. 02:18:46.977 --> 02:18:49.615 I think one of the cross cutting things, it's kind of interesting is the 02:18:49.648 --> 02:18:53.694 as we talked about the topic of vulnerability assessment and uh many of 02:18:53.727 --> 02:18:58.295 these research, they all ta exposed a particular vulnerability, uh both 02:18:58.328 --> 02:19:02.525 the heat, both in a sense of extreme events as well as ongoing stressors 02:19:02.558 --> 02:19:05.644 and then air quality and what the impacts of vulnerable populations on 02:19:05.677 --> 02:19:10.246 those and, and uh the benefits of providing cool corridors and shade path 02:19:10.279 --> 02:19:13.866 and cooling centers. And, and uh really, I think to coalesce some of this 02:19:13.899 --> 02:19:18.236 into a, a real vulnerability assessment of where some of those strong 02:19:18.269 --> 02:19:22.726 overlaps would be. I think it's a really important initiative that uh we 02:19:22.759 --> 02:19:25.096 kinda need to bring forward. We've done various forms of vulnerability 02:19:25.129 --> 02:19:29.105 assessments, but I think that there really could be a one that coalesces 02:19:29.138 --> 02:19:34.206 many of these. 02:19:34.239 --> 02:19:38.167 Thanks. Mark any other comments, Richard, do you wanna add anything you 02:19:38.200 --> 02:19:41.025 got picked out? You got picked out over here. So you need to say something 02:19:41.058 --> 02:19:44.257 , don't you? 02:19:44.290 --> 02:19:48.626 Um from what I'm getting out of a lot of this is the more of the 02:19:48.659 --> 02:19:53.766 combination of just shade, both maybe environmental or natural and air 02:19:53.799 --> 02:19:58.077 quality. I think the combination of those two need to be looked at more 02:19:58.110 --> 02:20:02.476 closely as we look forward and um move forward with more scenarios in some 02:20:02.509 --> 02:20:06.546 of this work. You know, one of the things I know that you struggle with 02:20:06.579 --> 02:20:11.275 this is you, we want to increase the tree coverage we have. But then, you 02:20:11.308 --> 02:20:15.546 know, Karen says we don't have a lot of money to be doing that. And so 02:20:15.579 --> 02:20:20.976 this concept of prioritizing what you're doing to focus on comfort. It 02:20:21.009 --> 02:20:24.976 sounds like a good strategy. It's a way for you to try to do the best you 02:20:25.009 --> 02:20:28.096 can with the funds you have and have the best impact, right? And it comes 02:20:28.129 --> 02:20:32.105 back to species choice and intelligent design on the placement of that 02:20:32.138 --> 02:20:37.346 which has been touched upon all morning. 02:20:37.379 --> 02:20:41.337 Any other thoughts about this prioritization issue? Anybody who want to 02:20:41.370 --> 02:20:44.055 contribute to that? 02:20:44.088 --> 02:20:48.355 Oh Halley, go ahead. 02:20:48.388 --> 02:20:52.846 I mean, this is just a note on on kind of the a su side of of our research. 02:20:52.879 --> 02:20:56.555 And I mean, it seems to me if, if we've captured a good profile of what 02:20:56.588 --> 02:21:00.577 we're doing here, um perhaps a little bit more work on the institutional 02:21:00.610 --> 02:21:04.935 and governance side of things in terms of how do you, what kind of are the 02:21:04.968 --> 02:21:08.555 real constraints on decision making in the agencies? How is your 02:21:08.588 --> 02:21:13.646 coordinations happening? What are those uh barriers or obstacles to uh 02:21:13.679 --> 02:21:17.596 doing the kind of integrated and vulnerability assessment or tackling some 02:21:17.629 --> 02:21:21.536 of these issues? I think that focusing on incentive structures at 02:21:21.569 --> 02:21:24.467 different levels, whether that's what households face or what different 02:21:24.500 --> 02:21:28.396 agencies face um really can provide some openings to see what are some, 02:21:28.429 --> 02:21:32.185 not just what are the kind of optimal opportunities, but where are the 02:21:32.218 --> 02:21:37.616 really pragmatic choices uh given what the decision context is and perhaps 02:21:37.649 --> 02:21:42.146 that's something that uh we could also be collaborating with um to try and 02:21:42.179 --> 02:21:46.775 facilitate a conversation about some of those real issues uh that are in 02:21:46.808 --> 02:21:54.808 the agency context rather than just out in the Phoenix environment. 02:21:55.379 --> 02:21:59.827 So this idea of collaboration between A Su and Phoenix is not something 02:21:59.860 --> 02:22:03.626 that's new. I mean, in the 20 years, I worked at city of Phoenix and 02:22:03.659 --> 02:22:07.635 planning and then water. There were occasions where on this heat issue 02:22:07.668 --> 02:22:11.157 that there was collaboration between the city and A SU. I know we did that 02:22:11.190 --> 02:22:14.185 with the airport. Some of the design, the airport was done that when we 02:22:14.218 --> 02:22:17.536 did the urban downtown urban floor plan, there was collaboration. So 02:22:17.569 --> 02:22:20.486 there's been collaboration, but what is different is that was kind of 02:22:20.519 --> 02:22:24.275 haphazard. You know, as Susan pointed out, it's often difficult to figure 02:22:24.308 --> 02:22:29.726 out who to talk to at a su at the city manager's direction. Mark and Karen 02:22:29.759 --> 02:22:33.346 approached a su and said, look, we've been doing this for a long time. 02:22:33.379 --> 02:22:35.366 We've done a lot of things, you've done a lot of things we need to make 02:22:35.399 --> 02:22:38.935 this more formal and probably be more aggressive of what we're doing if 02:22:38.968 --> 02:22:42.497 we're going to try to address the issue. And so we formed this partnership 02:22:42.530 --> 02:22:47.855 between A SU and the city and the A SU is committed to this partnership. 02:22:47.888 --> 02:22:52.046 Um Melissa has been sort of designated as sort of the coordinator. She 02:22:52.079 --> 02:22:55.926 does not sure she's liking that, but she's been designated as the 02:22:55.959 --> 02:23:00.626 coordinator and she's been working with different staff. Um, President 02:23:00.659 --> 02:23:03.486 Crowe has allocated some funds to the project to help us with the 02:23:03.519 --> 02:23:06.167 logistics as we're moving forward. So we're committed to that. And Crowe 02:23:06.200 --> 02:23:09.566 has made on several occasions statements saying we're committed to working 02:23:09.599 --> 02:23:13.087 with the city of Phoenix on this heat issue. As Melissa pointed out, we 02:23:13.120 --> 02:23:16.827 already have some projects going on the city side. Um They formed a 02:23:16.860 --> 02:23:20.126 steering committee, some of you in the room are on that steering committee. 02:23:20.159 --> 02:23:23.346 Um But the steering committee is trying to identify where we can 02:23:23.379 --> 02:23:28.587 specifically make connections between A S US research and a su faculty and 02:23:28.620 --> 02:23:33.226 staff um to work on ongoing and on future projects. And so the projects 02:23:33.259 --> 02:23:37.396 Melissa talked about is we're actually bringing faculty and staff from a 02:23:37.429 --> 02:23:40.866 su to work with the staff at the City of Phoenix while they're in the 02:23:40.899 --> 02:23:45.616 design stages on projects to try to incorporate some of the concepts we 02:23:45.649 --> 02:23:50.305 talked about today in that. And so we're looking for more projects. It's 02:23:50.338 --> 02:23:53.266 one of the reasons why we're reaching out today with you to trying to 02:23:53.299 --> 02:23:56.926 broaden, we've had a meeting with the directors, a similar meeting, a 02:23:56.959 --> 02:24:00.827 little bit shorter than this but somewhat similar um with the directors of 02:24:00.860 --> 02:24:03.476 departments. And we're now we're reaching out to you. So we're really 02:24:03.509 --> 02:24:09.116 interested in working with you and, and sometimes that it's hard for um 02:24:09.149 --> 02:24:12.736 the staff with everything they have to do to say, oh no, that's I have to 02:24:12.769 --> 02:24:17.206 do this as well, but we're trying to provide to you some assistance to 02:24:17.239 --> 02:24:21.366 help you be able to do that. And so if you think there's any relationship 02:24:21.399 --> 02:24:25.917 at all between the work you're doing and these concepts of urban heat and 02:24:25.950 --> 02:24:29.876 extreme heat and comfort and trying to increase the comfort of the 02:24:29.909 --> 02:24:35.036 constituents and your customers here at Phoenix, then please fill out on 02:24:35.069 --> 02:24:38.525 these forms, what you're doing and what you, what your contact your 02:24:38.558 --> 02:24:43.007 information. So we can reach out to you or you can contact Mark or Karen 02:24:43.040 --> 02:24:47.157 or Jennifer and say, look, I'm interested in this. So we're looking for 02:24:47.190 --> 02:24:52.935 opportunities to try to do that. Uh Chuck emphasized earlier today that um 02:24:52.968 --> 02:24:57.805 this is just not, you know, some exercise that a SU wants to do because we 02:24:57.838 --> 02:25:01.757 want to engage with the community more. This is a fairly critical issue 02:25:01.790 --> 02:25:05.046 for the region and it's not just Phoenix, it's other cities and we hope to 02:25:05.079 --> 02:25:08.967 be able to, to use Phoenix as an example to reach out to other cities. But 02:25:09.000 --> 02:25:11.866 uh if temperatures increase, whether you believe in climate change or not 02:25:11.899 --> 02:25:14.476 , I mean, everybody, if you've been here a while, you know, the nighttime 02:25:14.509 --> 02:25:17.571 temperatures are hiding, but if they get even higher, it's gonna become 02:25:17.604 --> 02:25:21.321 harder and harder to live here. And we're, we're probably we can do some 02:25:21.354 --> 02:25:24.751 things to try to mitigate the urban heat island. I mean, what we do to 02:25:24.784 --> 02:25:29.491 mitigate the global heat is, is another matter but we can do things to 02:25:29.524 --> 02:25:33.101 make it more comfortable for people to live here so that it is still 02:25:33.134 --> 02:25:38.611 livable here. Um And we, we can try to sur uh survive and try to adapt to 02:25:38.644 --> 02:25:42.251 that climate change. So it's important for this connection. We, we did, we 02:25:42.284 --> 02:25:48.946 lose Karen. Oh, I'm sorry. So I'm gonna do Karen. She's gonna close, sorry 02:25:48.979 --> 02:25:54.596 , sorry. It was. So you were like filibustering because you didn't know 02:25:54.629 --> 02:26:02.629 where it was. Uh OK. Well, um I, I think this has been really interesting 02:26:02.819 --> 02:26:08.036 and fun. It's kind of like 02:26:08.069 --> 02:26:16.069 turned it off. Hello? No. 02:26:16.979 --> 02:26:23.446 No. Yes. No. Ok. Ok. So, um, I don't know how many, I mean, there's a lot 02:26:23.479 --> 02:26:27.935 of uh a lot of a su folks here who may never have heard about our 02:26:27.968 --> 02:26:32.555 marketing campaign here at the city of Phoenix and it's called Phoenix is 02:26:32.588 --> 02:26:38.507 Hot. Have you heard that uh Phoenix is hot and, and you believe it or not 02:26:38.540 --> 02:26:43.536 ? And from heat researchers perspective, perhaps you think why on earth 02:26:43.569 --> 02:26:47.816 would that be our marketing strategy, our, our marketing campaign? But 02:26:47.849 --> 02:26:51.896 that it is, that is our, that is our campaign. Phoenix is hot. Phoenix is 02:26:51.929 --> 02:26:57.646 a place where things are happening and, and so, yeah, I, I looked at that 02:26:57.679 --> 02:27:03.296 in my first, my first reaction was, oh, no, but um I, I, I've come to look 02:27:03.329 --> 02:27:07.305 at it as a very positive thing for, for a couple of reasons. Uh Of course 02:27:07.338 --> 02:27:12.346 , it's hot. It's a desert, of course, it's hot. Uh But we know having, 02:27:12.379 --> 02:27:17.146 having lived here and thrived here and grown here that uh of course, it's 02:27:17.179 --> 02:27:22.546 a desert. Water is scarce. But here in Phoenix, we know water. We're smart 02:27:22.579 --> 02:27:27.956 about water. We've managed to thrive and grow and be a world leader in 02:27:27.989 --> 02:27:33.435 managing our water resources or scarce water resources. And so we're smart 02:27:33.468 --> 02:27:37.956 about water. We're, we're, we're, we're good at that. So Phoenix is hot. 02:27:37.989 --> 02:27:44.566 We're, we want to be just as good at heat as we are at water. Uh We would 02:27:44.599 --> 02:27:50.116 like to lead the world um in terms of adaptation and management of the 02:27:50.149 --> 02:27:55.305 heat in which we live and of course, that's increasing uh as we know, and 02:27:55.338 --> 02:27:59.805 it is unfortunately going to impact uh parts of our community more than 02:27:59.838 --> 02:28:04.446 others. And that's a big, big challenge for our time. Um That is very 02:28:04.479 --> 02:28:08.555 important to city management. My boss at Zerka, our city manager is, is 02:28:08.588 --> 02:28:15.275 very, very engaged and, and, and feels the urgency of this issue and, and 02:28:15.308 --> 02:28:19.997 has emphasized that to me and, and mark and, and others on our team that 02:28:20.030 --> 02:28:23.635 we need to, we need to work together and figure something out because it 02:28:23.668 --> 02:28:30.555 is uh it increasing urban heat threatens our long term economic viability 02:28:30.588 --> 02:28:35.266 if we don't handle it correctly. And it also very much impacts the quality 02:28:35.299 --> 02:28:39.296 of life of our most vulnerable residents. So we need to, we need to be 02:28:39.329 --> 02:28:43.696 smart about it and we need to be proactive about it. So what we're doing 02:28:43.729 --> 02:28:47.185 today and I'm, I'm just so thrilled that that so many city staff were able 02:28:47.218 --> 02:28:53.046 to be here um is expose all of our city people to all the wonderful work 02:28:53.079 --> 02:28:57.827 that A SU is doing. Um get an understanding of what that is and how it 02:28:57.860 --> 02:29:03.935 might help us help us in the city to do our work smarter. The other thing 02:29:03.968 --> 02:29:09.217 though that we want to do here is for a su to understand better what we do. 02:29:09.250 --> 02:29:13.046 Um So that you can kind of think about that and incorporate that into the 02:29:13.079 --> 02:29:17.126 work that you're doing. So, you know, the forms that are on the table uh 02:29:17.159 --> 02:29:21.467 really encourage you to, to think about things you wanna know more about 02:29:21.500 --> 02:29:24.635 stuff you didn't hear about is there, there's just no research happening 02:29:24.668 --> 02:29:28.456 on this issue that I deal with every day. Well, write it down, please let 02:29:28.489 --> 02:29:33.446 us know. Um so that we can, we can work together to maximize the benefit 02:29:33.479 --> 02:29:39.016 of this really important partnership. Um 02:29:39.049 --> 02:29:42.435 It's, it's, it's getting late and I'm not gonna filibuster anymore, but I 02:29:42.468 --> 02:29:46.736 do want to say this. I I am so grateful for the partnership. The 02:29:46.769 --> 02:29:50.407 leadership, of course, Doctor Crowe has emphasized this and the importance 02:29:50.440 --> 02:29:55.327 of this. Our mayor uh Mayor Stanton has, has very much emphasized the 02:29:55.360 --> 02:30:00.355 importance of this work. So I, I think leadership uh for, for helping us 02:30:00.388 --> 02:30:05.257 prioritize this. I also really wanna thank Chuck and Melissa and Ray and 02:30:05.290 --> 02:30:09.507 David for coming to many meetings with, with us here at the city to talk 02:30:09.540 --> 02:30:13.796 about how to best approach this partnership. And I think we're doing, 02:30:13.829 --> 02:30:18.236 we're doing a pretty good job as is evidenced today. I very much want to 02:30:18.269 --> 02:30:22.736 thank all the faculty who came out uh to present to us today. I wanna 02:30:22.769 --> 02:30:26.016 thank our guests in the audience from the Nature Conservancy and Vital 02:30:26.049 --> 02:30:32.217 health um partnering in many ways uh to further further our, our efforts 02:30:32.250 --> 02:30:39.337 here. Uh So, thanks. Uh It's been great and please, let's thank our, our A 02:30:39.370 --> 02:30:45.456 su friends. 02:30:45.489 --> 02:30:49.257 I think, I think that's it. Right. Right. OK. Uh If you haven't already 02:30:49.290 --> 02:30:52.967 take a look at the placards over here against the windows, our sustainable 02:30:53.000 --> 02:30:58.217 Home design competition is underway and if you have name tags, please drop 02:30:58.250 --> 02:31:02.775 them off. Uh You can vote on the best design at sustainable Home Design 02:31:02.808 --> 02:31:07.049 competition.com. Please do. Thank you.