WEBVTT

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 leads to a question you started off in the paper card catalog era. And

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now we're in this era where I can look
at everything in the world on the

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internet. What can you put your finger
on a the most significant point in

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this transition you were computerizing
when when what what was the tipping

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point where things just changed? So we
introduced here, we introduced so

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called we were the first, even before
you were a so called online

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searching again some of you maybe he
didn't know about it. And because it

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was almost certain areas like log heat
Dialogue I was doing it was called

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assistant dialog S. D. C. Which was
Scientific Development Corporation of

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Grief and several others. And

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this was the beginning, the very
beginning was not online actually was

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what you would call offline. You have
to fill out some forms and send it

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to them and a search online for us.
And I got cooperation with the U. C. L.

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A. People I knew some librarians, they
they had a project so they took me

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on and through U. C. L. A. R
professors could send the research is first

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they had to you know write the search
the topic and whatever they were

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looking for keywords and we mail it
actually to there was no email

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and they did it for us and then
especially dialogue roger summitt dialogue

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and other people as D. C. And so on.
They opened oh they gave me a they

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gave me a permission to search from
Saudi Arabia for free as dc especially.

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And so I didn't have to pay for
research is but before before I left we

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were already searching mostly like for
instance chemical abstracts online

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and several other technical indexes

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injuring index comme pendants. It was
called compendium. And so but it was

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mostly for science in your bible once
in a while some people Game. But

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education was like 2nd behind the
husband. There was a librarian colleague

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of mine. She has been dead a long time
ago she

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befriended colleagues but she came and
what does she said? Can you show me

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how can I get in the education index?
So we showed her and she started

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offering these services to the
education people and then it was growing

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again into the life sciences also and
more engineering and sciences. And

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so and I introduced that also in Saudi
Arabia and what is today? Internet

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used to be called Arpanet and it
started the Department of Defense and

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because I was interested in that I was
reading I was getting a newsletter

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I went to Harold And I said can we get
that? That was in 19 I think 70 67

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or something like that. He said no no
we can't we don't we are not doing

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any military research said why not? He
said we don't want it

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because when you you know people have
to be approved by the Department of

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Defense but we had a collection of
indexes. Even those indexes we had to

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keep when I was still in, when we were
still in Hayden and we had to keep

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them in the office and they were not
supposed to be used. None. There are

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a few people there were security.
Yeah, security. But then, um, so I would

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say the transition was gradual. Um
before I left first, you're talking

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here about search and literature. So
first we did, as I mentioned probably

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a couple of times and went around it
quickly. I should have perceived this

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by one advantage that the scientists
engineering had. And you know what

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that was. The Sputnik Remember the
Sputnik 1957 Russians and the first man

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in the space after that some like four
years after that and that's kind of

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a really rip us in our, you know,
body. And

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he started signing more more money
more recently when I came here, the

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money for purchasing. We're almost
unlimited for several years anyway. So

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Sputnik was Canada trigger for the
United States and so and when I came

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here I was quite knowledgeable because
as I said, I was hired as the

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engineering subject especially they
tom marshall. My boss was doing a good

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job, you know, he was, but he was, as
I said more he was a life sciences

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Liberian and then he said we need to
do more in the engineering physical

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sciences area, which is your
responsibility. So I started ordering things

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I knew and that we didn't have here.
That was a good thing. And then you

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mentioned for us.

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Um I mentioned that we started doing
online searching the librarians did

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it for the faculty or students. He
served everyone. And

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around 19 90 there is another thing
that people outside or today

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everybody's using email. Everybody
knows google and facebook and twitter

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and I don't know what But in 19 and 90
91 92 when I mentioned somebody I'm

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using email, people would say outside
the university said what, what is

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that?

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That was a big advantage that started
in I think around 91-92 because I

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had my sabbatical 1990 started. I went
to Prague and I said oh what I do,

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they don't probably have this and I
through some vice president as

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Princeton who was involved in this, I
forgot his name now. He referred me

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to the Technical University in Prague.
He said there are there is a

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department the first department is
using here but they are not allowed to

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see everything because at that time
there was the Cold War's going on. Uh

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so when I arrived in Prague I
immediately went to see these people, we

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became friends and sale today see each
other and the frog. And so that

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enabled me to send messages to my wife
and

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people even in part except for the
technical but people outside didn't

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know even, I mean outside the computer
department at the university didn't

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know much about these things, you know
they were just introducing them and

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so that was the first major thing and
then I think started About 95 What

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do we call out the web? Also the
internet and searching the web

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institutions and now actually the
individuals could have a website correct

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? Then came services like yahoo google
and other and then people with

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google now say we don't need a
library, find everything in google. There's

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an even google science google books,
google whatever maps right. Which is

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very useful. Very interesting. However

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it's helpful especially I would say
for the students but any faculty who

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is doing real research still has to
use the databases that are not

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completely on a problem. Well I don't
know they may be access to you know

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I I access them to A S. U. Because a
S. U. Library's website. You know you

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want to search journalists into your
books. You want to search online.

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This that right. So I go into a
catalog and I can search for instance

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scientific american or nature. The
general science generals are actually

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get in nature every week

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as it is published online at home. So
yeah look at it right full text

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everything and for free for free
sometimes they say do you want to

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subscribe? I said why why would I have
to ask them for free

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new york times. So now unfortunately
watching the post and All three

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journals are different. They don't
offer any free New York Times offers. I

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think I can read 10 articles a month.
You know that's a problem

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madam. Some companies said, oh you
want to be around Read 11 but never

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built before anything. And sometimes I
read maybe two or 3 and they say

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you still have seven articles left if
you want. But that's the one thing I

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did pay for as a fulsome online
subscription for, well, you know, it's

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probably worthwhile for you. Right?
Yeah. Because you can read it in

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Mexico. Yeah. Yeah. Well but you know
there are so many accesses that you

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sometimes see something in your times
and so I said, okay, all of them try

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to find out google or somewhere msn
whatever about it, but not from New

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york times. Right? Because if it's
some big deal, some incidents that

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everybody writes about, I get it from
another source and not from New york

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times. Right. The important things
from New york times are the um the

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editorials frequently and the
contributions of their like him here. Um

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Like I still take Arizona public but
most people don't know. I don't know.

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Well you don't have to, but I
I'mretired