WEBVTT 00:00:07.240 --> 00:00:09.240 Good morning. Wow, that sounds absolutely terrible. Good morning, 00:00:11.300 --> 00:00:15.017 everybody. I've been telling everyone, I hope, the rumors spreading far 00:00:15.050 --> 00:00:20.006 and wide that I'm running on about two or five percent of voice remaining. 00:00:20.039 --> 00:00:23.526 And that's notwithstanding the fact that I'm running about forty percent 00:00:23.559 --> 00:00:27.806 energy right now, but as you’ll see, even at forty percent, I still have a 00:00:27.839 --> 00:00:32.906 lot to spare. So, first and foremost, I just want to say this is a really 00:00:32.939 --> 00:00:37.326 seeing all this materialize, seeing all of you here. It really means a lot to 00:00:37.359 --> 00:00:41.537 me. This has been a very Herculean effort and I hope that effort shows in 00:00:41.570 --> 00:00:46.927 the manifestation of first your attendance first and foremost the caliber 00:00:46.960 --> 00:00:51.457 of the speakers which without exaggeration, are among the highest caliber 00:00:51.490 --> 00:00:56.186 the highest quality speakers that can possibly be assembled on a 00:00:56.219 --> 00:01:02.256 conference related to the intersection of history, cartography, geography 00:01:02.289 --> 00:01:05.837 and, moreover, that the geography of the Grand Canyon. So we have truly 00:01:05.870 --> 00:01:10.697 some giants from the worlds of cartography, geology, libraries and 00:01:10.730 --> 00:01:15.467 archives history applied cartography. I'm repeating myself, but truly 00:01:15.500 --> 00:01:21.617 every facet of map making that we can consider. We have rock star 00:01:21.650 --> 00:01:27.706 representation here and I am so proud to be even part of the program. 00:01:27.739 --> 00:01:34.727 Kind of commemorating and with such strong representation. Excuse me. So 00:01:34.760 --> 00:01:39.076 I'm going to do myself a huge favor because, frankly, I'm exhausted and 00:01:39.109 --> 00:01:42.376 most of the hard work has been done. The conference is going, and it's 00:01:42.409 --> 00:01:46.917 going to continue without a hitch. I believe I'm going to transfer briefly 00:01:46.950 --> 00:01:50.786 to my presentation. I want to give a quick introduction and kind of 00:01:50.819 --> 00:01:54.447 contextualized a little bit more. Why we're all here that if you don't 00:01:54.480 --> 00:01:59.576 mind cuing that up. Um, yeah. So in the meantime, in the thirty or forty 00:01:59.609 --> 00:02:02.614 five seconds it takes to cue that up, I just want to say thank you again 00:02:02.647 --> 00:02:09.285 for coming. I personally offer you my promise that you will not be 00:02:09.318 --> 00:02:12.704 disappointed with the fantastic program we've laid out over the next two 00:02:12.737 --> 00:02:17.334 days. And I just ask that you all are patient with me, as I struggled to 00:02:17.367 --> 00:02:22.765 use what what last modicum of my voice remains as I introduce why we're 00:02:22.798 --> 00:02:27.494 here. I'm going to give a quick introduction on a mapping Grand Canyon or 00:02:27.527 --> 00:02:31.124 for those grammatical sticklers who are offended that I omitted the 00:02:31.157 --> 00:02:35.924 article, the mapping, the Grand Canyon and this is part one. So, of course 00:02:35.957 --> 00:02:40.415 , is my colleague Paul mentioned. We're here, of course, to celebrate a 00:02:40.448 --> 00:02:45.274 well known milestone in the Greater Grand Canyon time line. It is the 00:02:45.307 --> 00:02:50.934 centennial, of course, of the legislation signed in nineteen nineteen. The 00:02:50.967 --> 00:02:55.605 led to the creation of Grand Canyon National Park, which protects portions 00:02:55.638 --> 00:02:58.885 of the greater Grand Canyon region as a U. S National park, with some of 00:02:58.918 --> 00:03:03.644 the strongest environmental and land designation that that our country 00:03:03.677 --> 00:03:07.975 offers. So that's a significant milestone. 00:03:08.008 --> 00:03:11.885 Less well known, of course, is the fact that it's the sesquicentennial ah 00:03:11.918 --> 00:03:16.864 , vocabulary word that I learned over the course of several months marking 00:03:16.897 --> 00:03:21.505 the one hundred fiftieth anniversary of the famous John Wesley Powell, 00:03:21.538 --> 00:03:25.355 eighteen sixty nine exploration through the canyons of the Colorado River. 00:03:25.388 --> 00:03:28.954 Including, of course, what is now known as the Grand Canyon, which 00:03:28.987 --> 00:03:33.144 effectively got its name from John Wesley Powell's eighteen sixty nine in 00:03:33.177 --> 00:03:37.404 subsequent eighteen seventy one in eighteen seventy two exploration and 00:03:37.437 --> 00:03:42.825 effective mapping survey through the canyons of the Colorado River. And 00:03:42.858 --> 00:03:46.135 what we're looking at right now is a nineteen nineteen map published by 00:03:46.168 --> 00:03:50.475 Rand McNally, and I just wanted to kind of illustrate the demarcation, the 00:03:50.508 --> 00:03:55.755 formal demarcation of space. Although this is a private map, there was a 00:03:55.788 --> 00:04:00.035 subsequent map published in nineteen twenty six by the National Park 00:04:00.068 --> 00:04:03.535 Service, one of the most iconic maps of the grant of Grand Canyon National 00:04:03.568 --> 00:04:07.054 Park Ever produced. 00:04:07.087 --> 00:04:12.825 So So this gentleman here, this is Ah, one of our iconic protagonist, John 00:04:12.858 --> 00:04:16.875 Wesley Powell, and this is him. In his younger years, he was probably up, 00:04:16.908 --> 00:04:20.714 and we have some historians who can fact check me in the crowd. But he was 00:04:20.747 --> 00:04:24.435 in his early mid thirties when he commenced his first survey through the 00:04:24.468 --> 00:04:29.435 canyons of the Colorado River, which was effectively Terra incognito. Uh, 00:04:29.468 --> 00:04:33.575 there was a conspicuous blank space on the maps of this region of northern 00:04:33.608 --> 00:04:38.495 Arizona. And mind you, this is an era of the mid nineteenth century, when 00:04:38.528 --> 00:04:43.644 the United States is newly discovering itself Just about a little bit more 00:04:43.677 --> 00:04:47.704 than a decade earlier, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in 00:04:47.737 --> 00:04:52.534 eighteen forty eight, which is sex was essentially ceded to this new 00:04:52.567 --> 00:04:56.865 country, the United States. Large swaths of was formerly or what is now 00:04:56.898 --> 00:05:00.144 Mexico. So you have a new country in the middle of the nineteenth century 00:05:00.177 --> 00:05:05.484 , gaining self awareness, learning about its own territorial identity, 00:05:05.517 --> 00:05:10.865 effectively seeking to rectify the ignorance it had about itself and 00:05:10.898 --> 00:05:15.695 geographic knowledge. Of course, the most effective way of capturing and 00:05:15.728 --> 00:05:20.185 encoding and packaging geographic knowledge is, of course, through maps. 00:05:20.218 --> 00:05:24.654 And as I just mentioned, there was this conspicuous blank space this 00:05:24.687 --> 00:05:27.664 unacceptable. Frankly, for the bureaucrats and the policy makers in 00:05:27.697 --> 00:05:31.305 Washington, this unacceptable blank space that needed cartographic 00:05:31.338 --> 00:05:36.954 rectification there needed to be a filling in of the geographic knowledge 00:05:36.987 --> 00:05:40.255 that would be effectively manifest in the in the science and art of 00:05:40.288 --> 00:05:44.094 cartography, those visual those powerful visual manifestations that we all 00:05:44.127 --> 00:05:49.214 rely on. So I'm gonna cruise through because I'm not the star of this show. 00:05:49.247 --> 00:05:52.644 Like I said earlier, we have assembled some true rock stars and giants. 00:05:52.677 --> 00:05:59.164 But, um, I want to briefly just make a bold statement, and it's bold 00:05:59.197 --> 00:06:03.060 because many people in here have perhaps height, rim to rim on multiple 00:06:03.093 --> 00:06:06.741 occasions. I know at least one of our speakers, at least a few of our 00:06:06.774 --> 00:06:10.000 speakers have been multiple river rafting trips through the entirety of 00:06:10.033 --> 00:06:13.981 the Colorado River and seen portions and nooks and crannies of the Grand 00:06:14.014 --> 00:06:17.510 Canyon that many of us can only I can only hope to see in the course of 00:06:17.543 --> 00:06:21.841 our short lifetimes. But the bold statement I wish to make is that none of 00:06:21.874 --> 00:06:27.051 us none of us truly knows the Grand Canyon. Even the most seasoned Kenyan 00:06:27.084 --> 00:06:31.510 adventures those rafters and hikers those season canyon adventurers and 00:06:31.543 --> 00:06:35.721 explorers throughout the course of our short lives can only hope to see a 00:06:35.754 --> 00:06:40.370 small fragment a small, small fraction of the entirety of this vast space 00:06:40.403 --> 00:06:45.250 that we now kind of matter of factly and almost take it for granted. 00:06:45.283 --> 00:06:49.471 Conceive of as this unified regional space. So indeed it's It's the work 00:06:49.504 --> 00:06:54.211 of maps the, abstraction, the heuristic, the mental heuristic that allows 00:06:54.244 --> 00:06:58.690 us to take this huge space that if we were to deposit ourselves and many 00:06:58.723 --> 00:07:01.620 of us have had the privilege of actually sitting on the rims or standing 00:07:01.653 --> 00:07:07.390 on the rims are hiking down to the depths of the Grand Canyon 00:07:07.423 --> 00:07:10.870 if we've had that privilege you’ll know that in relation to this giant 00:07:10.903 --> 00:07:14.711 space, we're just mere specks, relatively insignificant specks. It's very 00:07:14.744 --> 00:07:20.111 humiliate, humbling. It's it's definitely an acting and humility growing 00:07:20.144 --> 00:07:24.091 very inspiring. 00:07:24.124 --> 00:07:27.591 A very inspiring realization about our own roles in nature and the 00:07:27.624 --> 00:07:32.231 universe and our own scale. And one thing that I want to emphasize with 00:07:32.264 --> 00:07:39.151 maps is the role of scale, that very practical operational 00:07:39.184 --> 00:07:43.111 character are characteristic of maps. The most of my library colleagues by 00:07:43.144 --> 00:07:47.921 Wendell colleagues know intimately. So I just want to give a quick primer 00:07:47.954 --> 00:07:52.301 on scale, and it's very big straightforward. When we report scale, we're 00:07:52.334 --> 00:07:56.320 going to report it in ratios, representative fractions and the denominator. 00:07:56.353 --> 00:08:00.880 The bottom part of that fraction, the larger that fraction gets, the 00:08:00.913 --> 00:08:06.200 smaller the cartographic fix Kayla, meaning one unit on that map refers to 00:08:06.233 --> 00:08:12.481 multiple more units on the real world. So when we're there when we're in 00:08:12.514 --> 00:08:15.580 the depths of the Grand Canyon or at these arconic points like you, on a 00:08:15.613 --> 00:08:19.140 point which many of us have probably visited or here visiting the 00:08:19.173 --> 00:08:23.770 confluence a very sacred place for many of the native and made many of the 00:08:23.803 --> 00:08:26.981 indigenous communities of the region, 00:08:27.014 --> 00:08:32.441 it is really the work of maps that allow us to take these small fragments 00:08:32.474 --> 00:08:37.650 of this huge space and help us through our feeble human minds make sense 00:08:37.683 --> 00:08:41.870 of it through this through this literal grand scale. This is a two 00:08:41.903 --> 00:08:45.370 thousand two and Landsat satellite image, multi spectral satellite image, 00:08:45.403 --> 00:08:50.931 false color, multi spectral satellite image. And it's a fantastic image 00:08:50.964 --> 00:08:55.620 that reflects really what we're looking at here. But again, without these 00:08:55.653 --> 00:08:59.331 geographic and geospatial technologies, cartographic technologies, we 00:08:59.364 --> 00:09:03.691 would not have the luxury of viewing this space holistically as we do so, 00:09:03.724 --> 00:09:06.290 there's been a perpetual quest for better map, and I need a rush through 00:09:06.323 --> 00:09:10.211 this very quickly. But we're going to hear throughout the course of the 00:09:10.244 --> 00:09:14.420 next two days, we're going to hear a lot of hear a lot about some very 00:09:14.453 --> 00:09:17.770 important characters in the chronology of Grand Canyon mapping. We're 00:09:17.803 --> 00:09:21.571 gonna learn about some some certain maps. They're going to be repeated 00:09:21.604 --> 00:09:24.900 throughout this program regularly. One of them. One of the most iconic 00:09:24.933 --> 00:09:28.831 maps of the region is this July nineteen seventy eight production, 00:09:28.864 --> 00:09:32.050 National Geographic map production called The Heart of the Grand Canyon, 00:09:32.083 --> 00:09:36.290 and we have multiple experts who will tell you all about it. But I'm just 00:09:36.323 --> 00:09:40.500 going to mention it briefly to highlight the fact that this map was sought 00:09:40.533 --> 00:09:44.040 after the gentleman who lead the expedition for this topographic survey 00:09:44.073 --> 00:09:48.211 started in effectively in the early nineteen seventies. Mind you, this is 00:09:48.244 --> 00:09:52.581 a full century, a full one hundred years after that famous John Wesley 00:09:52.614 --> 00:09:55.731 Powell, eighteen sixty nine, expiration in eighteen seventy one seventy 00:09:55.764 --> 00:09:59.821 two explorations. But still, even a hundred years later, there was still a 00:09:59.854 --> 00:10:03.889 quest for a better basement. There was still a desire to improve, to 00:10:03.922 --> 00:10:07.208 refine our geographic understanding of it, because the best maps at the 00:10:07.241 --> 00:10:11.818 time were those surveyed in 1902, 1903 by character 00:10:11.851 --> 00:10:16.968 , you’ll hear a lot about as well Francoise, a mill mutt. And that map was 00:10:17.001 --> 00:10:21.879 not significantly or materially improved until a full sixty years later, 00:10:21.912 --> 00:10:25.668 when the USGS United States Geological Survey started integrating remote 00:10:25.701 --> 00:10:30.869 sensing an aerial aerial photography methods. So 00:10:30.902 --> 00:10:34.808 the point I want to make here is that although yes, we live in the in the 00:10:34.841 --> 00:10:39.818 early twenty first century, inundated by living in a geospatial revolution 00:10:39.851 --> 00:10:44.338 inundated with big geographic data, there's always still new knowledge to 00:10:44.371 --> 00:10:50.558 be gained. There's always a better map to be pursued, and I totally missed 00:10:50.591 --> 00:10:53.848 time. This, and the fact that I'm half conscious probably exacerbates it, 00:10:53.881 --> 00:10:56.938 but I want to just highlight a couple important maps. Nick's gonna have to 00:10:56.971 --> 00:11:01.619 indulge me. And hey, I put this together and when I told you myself, But I 00:11:01.652 --> 00:11:05.289 want to highlight this very important antebellum this pre Civil War map 00:11:05.322 --> 00:11:11.289 and highlight some key, uh, cartographic specimens, if you will. Of what? 00:11:11.322 --> 00:11:14.938 What? The mapping landscape with the cartographic landscape, you will what 00:11:14.971 --> 00:11:18.598 the State of geographic knowledge was during the time of John Wesley 00:11:18.631 --> 00:11:24.468 Powell's, uh, exploration one hundred fifty years ago. This is a not so 00:11:24.501 --> 00:11:29.808 well known map. It is the 00:11:29.841 --> 00:11:34.879 eighteen. Excuse me. A map drawn in eighteen thirty five or eighteen 00:11:34.912 --> 00:11:38.249 thirty six is actually not fully known when the map was drawn, but it's 00:11:38.282 --> 00:11:41.859 about published in nineteen forty in a publication. So the actual 00:11:41.892 --> 00:11:45.328 publication in which this map was included wasn't actually didn't go to 00:11:45.361 --> 00:11:48.958 print until a full century later. But this map was shown in eighteen 00:11:48.991 --> 00:11:54.688 thirty five eighteen thirty six. Bye, Warren Angus Ferris. And it is a map 00:11:54.721 --> 00:11:59.029 of the Northwest for country to the north, west of the Rocky Mountains. 00:11:59.062 --> 00:12:04.633 And it may be the very first depiction or explicit cartographic reference 00:12:04.666 --> 00:12:07.683 to the Grand Canyon ever made. If we look here at the southern tip of this 00:12:07.716 --> 00:12:14.982 map, we see here this text it says, quote Great Canyon of the Colorado and 00:12:15.015 --> 00:12:18.472 mind you, this was an eighteen thirty five eighteen thirty six by our 00:12:18.505 --> 00:12:22.553 modern cartographic sensibilities, it isn't the most sophisticated, 00:12:22.586 --> 00:12:27.153 refined map of the Arab, but think about it in the early nineteenth 00:12:27.186 --> 00:12:31.202 century. Still, before the middle of that century, the state of 00:12:31.235 --> 00:12:35.423 territorial knowledge was really limited. So this map may indeed marked 00:12:35.456 --> 00:12:39.872 the first explicit reference to the greater grant to the Grand Canyon ever 00:12:39.905 --> 00:12:44.773 made and you hearing about another map as well, and I'll really go quickly 00:12:44.806 --> 00:12:52.303 through this. This is Baron Frederick on a glove Stein's eighteen fifty 00:12:52.336 --> 00:12:56.322 eight map of the Rio Colorado of the West, and it is a fantastic, a 00:12:56.355 --> 00:13:01.303 fantastically gorgeous depiction. But as you can see, uh, it is a 00:13:01.336 --> 00:13:07.153 significant act of artistic and cartographic licenses you could see here 00:13:07.186 --> 00:13:11.293 in this big canyon of the Colorado. The course of the Colorado River 00:13:11.326 --> 00:13:17.442 itself is not known. It's a pure act of speculation. If we were, if we 00:13:17.475 --> 00:13:22.293 were to move, we were to proceed with this sense of geographic knowledge. 00:13:22.326 --> 00:13:25.862 We would think that the Colorado River is a giant lake or has a giant lake 00:13:25.895 --> 00:13:29.732 in the middle of it, so but nevertheless, this is a very innovative map. 00:13:29.765 --> 00:13:34.242 In that egg love, Stein introduced some cartographic innovations, 00:13:34.275 --> 00:13:37.903 especially with regard to the way he chose to depict three dimensional 00:13:37.936 --> 00:13:43.023 topography through hill shading. So my point with this is that mapping, as 00:13:43.056 --> 00:13:46.702 my colleague Paul said, is not merely a an act of scientific data 00:13:46.735 --> 00:13:52.362 gathering, but it's also very much an artistic practice of decision making 00:13:52.395 --> 00:13:58.362 and exercising creative energies to correctly and sometimes with 00:13:58.395 --> 00:14:04.125 imagination, go about depicting and imagining geographic space. And I want 00:14:04.158 --> 00:14:07.566 to quickly go through this because again we have experts who could talk 00:14:07.599 --> 00:14:12.875 all about these things. But I do want to highlight one last bit and I'll 00:14:12.908 --> 00:14:16.665 just go through this slide quickly, some of some more cartographic license 00:14:16.698 --> 00:14:20.936 that was exercised in a map published in eighteen fifty eight again. The 00:14:20.969 --> 00:14:24.765 course of the Colorado River is purely speculated, and you have some 00:14:24.798 --> 00:14:29.895 interesting design work done to kind of illustrate the many sub canyons 00:14:29.928 --> 00:14:35.375 and tributaries of the Colorado River. 00:14:35.408 --> 00:14:39.925 Remarking Lieutenant Ives, eighteen fifty eight. Journey Overland. Journey 00:14:39.958 --> 00:14:44.625 through the canyon lands. But I want to hide like this, my friends, as we 00:14:44.658 --> 00:14:47.155 go as we go through these maps and we see multiple unexplored territories 00:14:47.188 --> 00:14:53.925 . I want to highlight the fact that when John Wesley Powell set course 00:14:53.958 --> 00:14:57.576 with nine men to map the Canyon of the Colorado River, too, the first time 00:14:57.609 --> 00:15:02.545 collect information about the Canyon of the Colorado River, the maps that 00:15:02.578 --> 00:15:05.956 he were that he was work that he was working with were completely 00:15:05.989 --> 00:15:11.645 speculative and ill informed. Very unreliable data was used to populate 00:15:11.678 --> 00:15:15.586 these maps and the map that John Wesley Powell likely used on his visit. I 00:15:15.619 --> 00:15:18.765 learned from one of our speakers from reading the publications of one of 00:15:18.798 --> 00:15:23.375 our speakers are renowned historian Richard Quarter Rowley is likely this 00:15:23.408 --> 00:15:29.925 map, this eighteen fifty eight U. S. Government publication that sought to 00:15:29.958 --> 00:15:37.655 omit any unreliable data so and an abundance of caution rather than lying 00:15:37.688 --> 00:15:41.936 by commission, they chose to simply omit it. So we have this conspicuous 00:15:41.969 --> 00:15:45.035 blank space, and that was part of the geographic ignorance that John 00:15:45.068 --> 00:15:50.385 Wesley Powell sought to rectify through his intrepid mapping endeavors. 00:15:50.418 --> 00:15:54.616 So as you can hear guys, friends, I'm really struggling. But it doesn't 00:15:54.649 --> 00:16:01.795 matter. Uh, the the program we have lined up ten totally make up for how 00:16:01.828 --> 00:16:05.866 I'm struggling here. But importantly, John Wesley Powell's eighteen 00:16:05.899 --> 00:16:09.265 seventy five publication in Scribbler, Scribner's monthly magazine, was 00:16:09.298 --> 00:16:12.925 the first map to effectively rectify to correctly depict the course of the 00:16:12.958 --> 00:16:18.755 Colorado River. And that's important. Um, in eighteen seventy four before 00:16:18.788 --> 00:16:23.856 US House Committee, he spoke, he wrote. Or he declared, The work has been 00:16:23.889 --> 00:16:27.686 completed. You have on the wall one of the preliminary maps of the region. 00:16:27.719 --> 00:16:30.375 It is but a tracing. The fields catches the computations for latitude, 00:16:30.408 --> 00:16:33.466 longitude, and altitudes are not yet completed. Nor have the triangle's 00:16:33.499 --> 00:16:38.535 been computed so that it is not a final map. But he proudly boasted, 00:16:38.568 --> 00:16:41.265 there's now left within the territory of the United States. No great 00:16:41.298 --> 00:16:44.375 unexplored region, and exploring expeditions are no longer needed for 00:16:44.408 --> 00:16:47.686 general purposes. 00:16:47.719 --> 00:16:51.295 I want to leave you with a final note and hopefully I'LL be feel be 00:16:51.328 --> 00:16:53.625 feeling a little bit better tomorrow, and I can add some additional 00:16:53.658 --> 00:16:57.966 context This but all of us here are standing, even myself. Humble 00:16:57.999 --> 00:17:01.366 geographer dabbles in cartography. I appreciate the kind words of my 00:17:01.399 --> 00:17:05.976 colleagues to celebrate my my my small contribution to the cartography, 00:17:06.009 --> 00:17:10.245 the Grand Canyon. But in the presence of cartographic rock stars like Tom 00:17:10.278 --> 00:17:14.495 Patterson, I'm a little embarrassed to get any accolades for my humble map 00:17:14.528 --> 00:17:20.406 here. But we all stand on the scientific shoulders of giants people like 00:17:20.439 --> 00:17:28.186 France, while mill mutt Eglow Stein and Joseph Christmas Ives the 00:17:28.219 --> 00:17:32.146 gentleman, the lieutenant on whose expedition a glow. Stein was the 00:17:32.179 --> 00:17:35.726 cartographer and illustrator and, of course, John Wesley Powell. And I'm 00:17:35.759 --> 00:17:41.575 omitting dozens of other key visionaries luminaries, scientists, explorers 00:17:41.608 --> 00:17:49.608 , intrepid people who bravely ventured into Terra Terra incognita too kind 00:17:50.118 --> 00:17:54.785 of build our collective geographic knowledge that we all enjoy and take 00:17:54.818 --> 00:17:58.936 for granted today. So the point I want to leave now as I transition to our 00:17:58.969 --> 00:18:02.956 real speaker, who can who can help fix up the mess I've left behind is 00:18:02.989 --> 00:18:07.624 that we all stand on the cartographic shoulders of Giants, and I think no 00:18:07.657 --> 00:18:12.084 one knows that better than our next speaker, Tom Patterson and I 00:18:12.117 --> 00:18:15.854 regrettably don't have with me. I came ill equipped and I should have a 00:18:15.887 --> 00:18:20.584 long list of accolades, but I'm enough of a fanboy of Tom Patterson to 00:18:20.617 --> 00:18:24.155 know that without question, he is one of those absolute cartographic 00:18:24.188 --> 00:18:28.925 giants and rock stars. And in the humble world of cartography, it's nice 00:18:28.958 --> 00:18:32.054 to be acknowledged as such because Tom Patterson is certainly over the 00:18:32.087 --> 00:18:36.774 course of his decades long career has earned the title. Tom Patterson is a 00:18:36.807 --> 00:18:40.544 recently retired cartographer for the National Park Service, and when I 00:18:40.577 --> 00:18:44.925 speak proudly about high caliber presenters we have, it's some Patterson 00:18:44.958 --> 00:18:49.175 whose name I probably bring up first when we all visit the Grand Canyon 00:18:49.208 --> 00:18:53.725 and receive those fantastic visitor maps. It's Tom Patterson who likely 00:18:53.758 --> 00:18:57.084 created those maps almost certainly, and he's going to talk a little bit. 00:18:57.117 --> 00:19:00.574 And there's not one map of the Grand Canyon that Tom Patterson has 00:19:00.607 --> 00:19:04.145 created. He's created dozens, and apart from his work at the National Park 00:19:04.178 --> 00:19:06.435 Service, is senior cartography, recently retired senior senior 00:19:06.468 --> 00:19:09.235 cartographer, making dozens of Matt products, not only for the Grand 00:19:09.268 --> 00:19:12.314 Canyon, but for all of the national parks throughout the national park 00:19:12.347 --> 00:19:18.584 system. He's also a generous contributor to the open source cartographic 00:19:18.617 --> 00:19:22.604 community, which is critical. Tom Patterson is one of the lead designers 00:19:22.637 --> 00:19:26.665 and kind of originators of a project called Natural Earth. It is one of 00:19:26.698 --> 00:19:31.005 the best open source GPS data repositories for So for guys like me, 00:19:31.038 --> 00:19:35.294 amateur dabblers in cartography who go looking for that raw cartographic 00:19:35.327 --> 00:19:40.665 base data I depend on. Resource is like natural earth and the generosity 00:19:40.698 --> 00:19:45.134 of the people who are not only skilled and talented, like Tom Patterson, 00:19:45.167 --> 00:19:49.064 but are also generous and willing to share their knowledge to help young 00:19:49.097 --> 00:19:52.225 people like myself and the students here in Asia and across the country 00:19:52.258 --> 00:19:55.745 continue standing on the collective cartographic and scientific shoulders 00:19:55.778 --> 00:20:00.884 of giants. I have eaten eaten far too much into this program into end into 00:20:00.917 --> 00:20:04.175 Tom Patterson's time. But without further ado, let me introduce the 00:20:04.208 --> 00:20:07.705 keynote for the first day of the Mapping Grand Canyon conference. Mr Tom 00:20:07.738 --> 00:20:10.768 Patterson, please give a round of applause.