WEBVTT

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Thank you. Pull Boy, How do I follow that talk? Uh, I will give my best to

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it. So yes, I'm going to talk today
about place based teaching. Sort of Ah

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, brief introduction general about the
idea. But in particular, I want to

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talk about to, uh, to specific
projects that we've been involved in

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the trail of time at Grand Canyon and
a virtual field trip of Grand Canyon

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, both of which are actually related
to each other. But now I know Carl.

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Yesterday, Mike, my colleague Carl
costume wasn't able to stay. Could

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have been a co author on this talk
very easily. Asked how many geologists

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were in the audience. How many
geographers air here? Yes, You have a lot

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more geographers and we do geologists.
And I'm a geologist by training in

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them and ethno geologist. Bye bye
research. But I claim very much that I

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have learned a great deal from
geographers and and for the job offers in

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this room. Some of this introductory
stuff might be kind of routine for

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you and I hope you'LL bear with me,
but the idea place Okay, places come

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up over and over again in this
conference and many different definitions

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for place. But I I prefer to use the
one that geographers typically use,

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which is a locality that's been given
meaning through human experience.

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Great job for such a seafood. Tuan
have written extensively on this idea

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, and we just think about Grand
Canyon. The grant, a landscape that is so

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meaningful, has been so meaningful to
so many different cultures and

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people through millennia. And we could
think about all the different kinds

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of meanings that have been a fixed two
Grand Canyon through human

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occupation of Grand Canyon through
human history, beauty and allure.

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People come from all around the world
to soak in the great beauty of Grand

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Canyon, the fact that it's still a
homeland to twelve different Native

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American nations. Culturally
important, Carl talked yesterday about

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geologic mapping. I mean, Grand Canyon
exposes about two billion years of

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the Earth's history, and there are few
places on earth that are so rich

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with with significant scientific
significance. But as we've also talked

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about, this is a watershed year for
Grand Canyon being both the

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sesquicentennial, the Powell
expedition and the centennial of the national

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park. And so there's There's more
recent historical significance, great

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educational value, recreational value
but also disputes right disputes

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over issues such as uranium mining and
water quality and water resource

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use over the years. So all of these
things make it a place. And the thing

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about place meaning is that each time
somebody experiences a place, each

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time somebody gives it a name or
somebody does something, innit? It adds

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to this to the store of place.
Meaning, You know, I really enjoyed that

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presentation on the cartoon maps today
because again, I like to use them

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in my teaching to because as a
geologist, when I'm trying to express this

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idea place to geology students, most
of whom have been trained in this

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sort of very physical science
perspective, I like Teo Teo turn to

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geographer like Carl Sour. You know,
again, this is this is kind of old

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school in the geographic Rome. But
Teo, geologist, this stuff is still has

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a lot of great value and teaching that
that we have these interconnected,

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interwoven physical and cultural
landscapes. And since really, there's

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nowhere on Earth that human beings
have not either set foot or at least

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looked at or thought about the
cultural landscape is all pervasive, and

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the cartoon maps are wonderful way of
showing that interweaving between

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the cultural and the physical
landscape or the natural landscape. And what

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I like to tell my students are if they
want to think of places as the

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cultural equivalence of landforms in
the physical landscape. OK, there's

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different kinds of processes that
create places, but but we can think of

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them in that way. And so place is a
human construct, But we make places in

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places, make us places influence the
way that we think places influenced

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the way that we live. And since I'm
interested in the teaching of geology

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otter interest in the fact that that
our connection to place influences

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the way we understand the Earth, how
the Earth works, you can't teach

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Earth. Science can teach any natural
science really without engaging with

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places. We do it end and by means of
places. So, as Paul mentioned, I

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spent the first fifteen years of my
career teaching on the Navajo Nation,

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that Dinner college, the tribal
college of Navajo Nation, and I was a

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Western trained geologist. I came out
there to teach her science and I

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would go out into the field of my
students. The school is ninety five

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percent Native American, and I go out
with a field of my students and I

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talk about the geology and we'd look
at the rocks. When we look at the

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land forms, we talk about the
processes. And then when I was done, my

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students would tell me how they
understood the land and how they saw the

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land. And I came to really appreciate
how important the context the place

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is for teaching in the geosciences.
And so my interaction with the native

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community on the Navajo Nation got me
very interested in this idea. Place

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based education. Probably a lot of
people have heard of that phrase. Pali

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People in this room practice place
based education, although interestingly

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enough, that term didn't actually show
up on the literature till about

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nineteen seventy eight, even though it
is ancestral, because it is the

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indigenous way of teaching and always
has been people who have strong

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connections to land, they teach in a
place based way. I like this quote by

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Greg Smith, who is one of the great
scholars of place based education that

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place based education is what happened
before schools were created. Um,

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and here's an example of one that we
were doing not at the Grand Canyon

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but above the canyon of the San Juan
River. It was a course that

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integrated both scientific and
cultural knowledge. Is Benny Brigade was a

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top Flee your medicine man who was
talking with us there. Now, when you

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get to national parks like Grand
Canyon, we have this concept of

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interpretation. The teaching method
that is indigenous to national parks

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is called interpretation, but it
really is place based education of

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another form. Because again, what
you're doing here is helping visitors

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make both intellect, actual and
emotional connections to the landscape.

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That's that's the definition of
interpretation, and that is that is,

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fundamentally a very place based way
of teaching. So this idea of using

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place as context and relevance for
teaching what in many cases is very

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concept heavy science is something
that I'm very interested in, and I have

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been practicing and studying in the
Earth sciences for a number of years,

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and the rest of the time here I want
to talk about to very specific

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examples of how we apply some of these
methods to place based teaching at

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the Grand Canyon, one that is in
person, the trail of time exhibition and

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one that is virtually the Grand Canyon
immersive virtual field trips. I'LL

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start with The Trail of Time. So The
Trail of Time is a exhibition that

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was funded by the National Science
Foundation, and I was part of fortunate

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to be part of the team that designed
and created it. And it is very much

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at Grand. Can you tell how many people
have been on the trail of time, by

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the way? Oh, I'm really glad to see
that. Good. That's quite a few hands.

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Okay, so at Grand Canyon, we have a
dynamic natural landscape that

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encodes almost two billion one point
eight four billion years of geologic

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history. Maybe one point nine if you
count the age of some of the grains

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there in some of the oldest rocks
there, but also a cultural landscape and

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codes that name's experiences and
lives of people over many millennia. And

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if you go to the South Rim, you go the
south rim of the park. You can

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experience a great deal of this. You
can go to the wonderful Geologic

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Museum, but they have a yabba pie
point. You could go to the cultural

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museums. You can go to the camps. You
could go to Mather Point. You could

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go Teo Desert View where they're going
to be establishing a new Native

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American cultural center in the next
couple of years. But, you know, if

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you really want to get the whole
picture, you got to go down into the

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canyon. You've got to get down there,
you got to get down into the oldest

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rocks. You got to get down by the
river. And here's a fundamental problem

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because somewhere between five and six
million people visit Grand Canyon

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up on the South Rim and to some
extent, the North Rim. But a small

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fraction of that group actually gets
down below the river and or ever will

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be able do for either reasons of
accessibility or socio economic reasons,

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or just because they're never going to
win the lottery, you know, and get

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a get a boat trip. But how can we
bring the experience that these lucky

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visitors and I count myself fortunate?
Having been able to take several

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River trips myself up to the people
who are coming up to the to the

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Southland. How could we bring that
experience up two people in the South

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Rim and hence the trail of time. The
Trail of Time was conceived as an

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accessible timeline trail to introduce
Grand Canyon geologic history to as

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many visitors as possible using place
based teaching elements, and we

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quite modestly refer to it as the
world's largest geoscience exhibition at

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the world's grandest geological
landscape. OK, that's kind of a marketing

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speak there, but the whole point about
the trail of time is that it is a

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It is an exhibition that allows
visitors to experience the great panoramic

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vistas of Grand Canyon as well as the
rocks that are found in Grand Canyon.

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All the rocks that occur in the
canyon, brought up to the to the trail as

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well as carefully configured
interpretive resource, is so that they can

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ponder not just the history of Grand
Canyon itself, but the very idea of

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how big geologic time is in very
kinesthetic sense. So it's a it's an

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accessible trail. It's along the South
Rim trail kinesthetic as well as

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visual. It was funded by the National
Science Foundation. All credit to

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them with a great deal of logistical
and in kind. Support from the Park

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Service is Well, obviously we could
not have done this if not for the

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support of the Park Service. And I'm
proud to say that the National

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Association for Interpretation gave it
a first place award for

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interpreting Median twenty eleven the
year after it was first developed.

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So I want to I want to point out that
it was a huge team that created the

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trail of time and the Trail of Time
was first conceived by Carl Carlstrom

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and and his wife and colleague Laurie
Crossing Cross. Carl spoke yesterday.

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Carlin Laurie were here, but they were
unable to stay because they had to

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move on to it. Another geo science
conference. But they were the ones that

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first thought of the idea, and then
they brought all the rest of us

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together with diverse disciplines,
people in geo science, education,

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people in exhibit design people in
interpretation right here. Like Judy

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Helmet. Brian was the chief of
interpretation at the park At the time.

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Ellen Seeley was an interpretive
ranger is still an interpretive ranger.

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People who are expert in exhibit
design an assessment as well. And with

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two and two point three million
dollars from the NSF, we were often

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running. So we conceived of the trail
of time as a walking timeline that

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it's scaled. So in other words, in the
middle part of the trail, we had

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markers that were spaced about a meter
apart. So it's kind of the

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equivalent of one long, and that
represents one million years and so four

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point five kilometers laid out along
the South Rim. From you have a pie

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point all the way out to Maricopa
Point here, uh, encompassed four point

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five billion years or the history of
the Earth. And then this first

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segment here, which we call the main
trail of time going out to two

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thousand million years or two billion
years, that encompasses the history

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of the rocks that actually occur in
Grand Canyon. One of the things we're

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really proud of of two is we think
that this is the probably the best

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evaluated to your science exhibition
in the entire national park system.

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And that's because when NSF funds
money, they want a great deal of

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evaluation research done with it. So
even before we did anything at the

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park, we did mock ups at issue. We had
the corridors of several buildings

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around here. We set up mock up trail
of time and we had people come. And

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we basically wanted to know whether
they could understand that they were

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walking on a timeline on Would they be
able to navigate the scale changes

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? Would they be able to understand the
spacing on the trail and how

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related to geologic history? And then
what we learned from there we placed

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out to the park itself. And I'm very
happy to say this was the most fun

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project I've ever been involved in. We
had four years of basically playing

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at the South Rim with these with these
interpretive resource is and then

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just ask people what they thought. So
what we would do is we would put

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mock ups of the interpretive signs and
the markers on the trail, and we

00:12:04.176 --> 00:12:07.472
would watch people OK, now we wouldn't
want this to be creepy. So we put

00:12:07.505 --> 00:12:10.903
signs up here that said, You know, we
are here observing, and we all wore

00:12:10.936 --> 00:12:14.793
markers so people knew why we were
there to ask questions. But we asked

00:12:14.826 --> 00:12:17.322
visitors Well, what do you think of
this? And we would actually make

00:12:17.355 --> 00:12:20.423
changes to the science right there.
Like we would ask him if they would

00:12:20.456 --> 00:12:24.053
understand the concept. And if it
wasn't clear, we put masking tape over

00:12:24.086 --> 00:12:27.872
and we'd rewrite it and say, Does this
make more sense now? And so this is

00:12:27.905 --> 00:12:33.023
what was called rapid rapid
interpretation and sorry, rapid prototyping.

00:12:33.056 --> 00:12:36.763
And we did this and it worked pretty
well to get the to get the design

00:12:36.796 --> 00:12:40.712
down. And so from two thousand seven
to about twenty ten, we had the

00:12:40.745 --> 00:12:43.842
construction. We actually have to
build much of it ourselves. We got some

00:12:43.875 --> 00:12:47.143
in kind support from the park and it
was dedicated and turned over to the

00:12:47.176 --> 00:12:51.533
Park service in twenty ten. So the
components of the trail of time, the

00:12:51.566 --> 00:12:54.683
first part that's important is what we
call a million year trail of the on

00:12:54.716 --> 00:12:58.362
ramp. And this is the idea that it
basically takes you from a human

00:12:58.395 --> 00:13:02.592
perspective of time to a geologic
perspective. At one end of the trail,

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the spacing is one meter per year. So
you can actually walk on the trail.

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We love to do this with students. We
take him up there. We say, Go find

00:13:09.326 --> 00:13:13.452
the marker on the trail that
corresponds to your age, right? So I'm like,

00:13:13.485 --> 00:13:16.342
way out there somewhere. Okay? And
these are my students and there's

00:13:16.375 --> 00:13:20.303
there's my dog. That's not dog years.
That's that's human years. But it

00:13:20.336 --> 00:13:23.342
works well for dogs to. And the idea
there is that that as you walk the

00:13:23.375 --> 00:13:27.513
trail, you you notice the scale is
changing lager rhythmically. And by the

00:13:27.546 --> 00:13:30.133
time you get about three hundred
meters down the trail, you're now to a

00:13:30.166 --> 00:13:33.423
point where it's one meter per million
years and then you're ready to walk.

00:13:33.456 --> 00:13:36.852
The main part of the trail on the
trail of time is introduced by these

00:13:36.885 --> 00:13:41.342
wonderful rock portals, which
recapitulate the geologic cross section of

00:13:41.375 --> 00:13:46.102
Grand Canyon using the real rocks.
Okay, these are the actual rock units

00:13:46.135 --> 00:13:49.423
from Grand Canyon, with the exception
of the basement rock which came from

00:13:49.456 --> 00:13:52.462
Colorado, actually, but it is
essentially the same stuff that's down at

00:13:52.495 --> 00:13:56.322
the bottom of the inner gorge. That's
one of the main components. The

00:13:56.355 --> 00:14:00.133
portal's air, located at all ends of
the trail. And also there's a there's

00:14:00.166 --> 00:14:03.553
a breakout point with the shrine of
Ages. Trail comes in and we have the

00:14:03.586 --> 00:14:07.092
the portal there too, in case people
enter from that point sort of the

00:14:07.125 --> 00:14:10.933
heart of the exhibition of the trail
markers. Okay, we have twenty five

00:14:10.966 --> 00:14:14.322
hundred markers that were displayed
along the trail. Every one of them was

00:14:14.355 --> 00:14:18.163
one meter apart. Um, for the main part
of the trail, we had these

00:14:18.196 --> 00:14:21.852
medallions which indicate the time,
and they're space ten meters apart.

00:14:21.885 --> 00:14:25.582
And in between we have the small
individual meters of markers. So

00:14:25.615 --> 00:14:28.653
basically, you walk nine of these and
then you get to the next one of

00:14:28.686 --> 00:14:32.383
these, which is ten and you're walking
out the history of the trail. We

00:14:32.416 --> 00:14:35.813
did not use billions. We decided to
stick with million. So, for example,

00:14:35.846 --> 00:14:39.352
instead of saying one point six eight
billion, we said one point six

00:14:39.385 --> 00:14:43.352
sixteen eighty million because testing
indicated that was easier than

00:14:43.385 --> 00:14:46.982
shifting a lot of time terms, it was
easier for people to handle just

00:14:47.015 --> 00:14:50.502
million the whole way. One of the
interesting stories about this when we

00:14:50.535 --> 00:14:54.952
designed these markers is we had no
idea that the inside diameter of one

00:14:54.985 --> 00:14:59.072
of these markets was exactly the same
as the diameter of a penny. Okay,

00:14:59.105 --> 00:15:02.543
and not long after we established the
trail, people started sticking

00:15:02.576 --> 00:15:05.752
pennies into those markers until every
one of those twenty four hundred

00:15:05.785 --> 00:15:09.722
markers the individual ones, was
filled with pennies. We like that because

00:15:09.755 --> 00:15:12.803
that shows that people are interacting
with the exhibition, and if

00:15:12.836 --> 00:15:16.492
anything, it's helping to preserve the
preserve the resource. So we're

00:15:16.525 --> 00:15:20.523
fine with that. Another major
component. The Trail of time or the wayside

00:15:20.556 --> 00:15:25.523
panels. Seventeen panels designed to
park service specifications. But what

00:15:25.556 --> 00:15:28.803
actually went into those panels? That
was about three years worth of

00:15:28.836 --> 00:15:33.572
steady teleconferencing and debate and
arguments, which on DH, the rapid

00:15:33.605 --> 00:15:38.852
prototyping on site, which led to
designs with very conversational textile.

00:15:38.885 --> 00:15:41.852
The idea here is that we want to grab
people's attention, but we don't

00:15:41.885 --> 00:15:46.002
want to be oppressive, so we would
have a phrase like Vishnu rocks or near

00:15:46.035 --> 00:15:49.352
the canyon's bottom, and you could
walk by and that's all you learn.

00:15:49.385 --> 00:15:52.383
That's fine. You learned something
about the Vishnu schist, but if you

00:15:52.416 --> 00:15:55.263
want to stop, then you could read a
little bit more and then you could

00:15:55.296 --> 00:15:58.173
look at the graphics, and so you can
actually kind of draws you in tow.

00:15:58.206 --> 00:16:02.313
Learn more about the history of the
different rock units, and along the

00:16:02.346 --> 00:16:05.622
bottom of every one of these in
Servant of Signs is a map showing where

00:16:05.655 --> 00:16:09.783
you are on the trail of that at that
point. So we had a number of these,

00:16:09.816 --> 00:16:13.163
and they and the first one is right
here. This sort of introduces the idea

00:16:13.196 --> 00:16:16.893
of what a timeline is, and then this
one talks about the age of the canyon.

00:16:16.926 --> 00:16:21.303
It's exactly six meters from the
start, and then at the far end, the

00:16:21.336 --> 00:16:24.602
oldest rocket, Grand Canyon is the
elves chasm Nice, which is one point

00:16:24.635 --> 00:16:28.133
eight four billion years old. And
that's the sign that represents it

00:16:28.166 --> 00:16:31.442
beyond Grand Canyon Village. There are
no markers in Grand Canyon Village

00:16:31.475 --> 00:16:35.192
because it's a historic site, but the
trail picks up again at the right

00:16:35.225 --> 00:16:38.423
point outside Grand Canyon Village and
goes on to four and a half billion

00:16:38.456 --> 00:16:42.702
years, four point five kilometers.
Since there are no rocks at Grand

00:16:42.735 --> 00:16:45.842
Canyon that air that old it basically
the interpretive signs. Just talk

00:16:45.875 --> 00:16:50.352
about Earth history at that point. And
yes, out of thirteen point seven

00:16:50.385 --> 00:16:53.163
kilometers away from the start of the
trail, we do have a marker for the

00:16:53.196 --> 00:16:58.102
Big Bang. So there is. There is one
out there. You can go find it. Um,

00:16:58.135 --> 00:17:01.832
view tubes. We had a view tubes that
point to certain outcrops. Very

00:17:01.865 --> 00:17:05.793
simple. They're just brass tubes that
fit the slot. One that's for kids or

00:17:05.826 --> 00:17:08.513
people in a wheelchair. That's one for
taller people. And they point

00:17:08.546 --> 00:17:12.513
directly to features like the bright
angel shale with very simple text

00:17:12.546 --> 00:17:17.912
that goes along with it. Um, the rocks
are probably the most fun part of

00:17:17.945 --> 00:17:21.773
the trail. The people like the best.
There are about forty five different

00:17:21.806 --> 00:17:25.273
depending on how you whether you're
geologic lum Paro geologic splitter.

00:17:25.306 --> 00:17:28.892
There about forty five different rock
units that occurred within the

00:17:28.925 --> 00:17:33.162
Grand Canyon system on Lee, a couple
of them are actually encountered.

00:17:33.195 --> 00:17:36.003
Ifyou're on the rim pretty much if you
walk on the rim, it's Kaibab

00:17:36.036 --> 00:17:40.362
limestone all the way. Okay, A few
places you might see something else. So

00:17:40.395 --> 00:17:44.182
all of these rock samples were brought
up from the park depths from the

00:17:44.215 --> 00:17:47.693
depths of the canyon with the
permission of the park. Most of them were

00:17:47.726 --> 00:17:51.632
brought out on boats. Okay, if you're
familiar with how a scientific river

00:17:51.665 --> 00:17:55.283
trip goes particularly geologic trip,
the way it works is when you put in

00:17:55.316 --> 00:18:01.152
at least bury your your boats are
loaded down with the beverage is OK. And

00:18:01.185 --> 00:18:04.193
then all along the course, the river,
you drink the beverages, you flatten

00:18:04.226 --> 00:18:07.152
the hands and they go into a small
space and you have to have something to

00:18:07.185 --> 00:18:10.912
take up. The volume were the beverages
where before? So what's it going to

00:18:10.945 --> 00:18:14.493
be? Well, obviously rocks. So we
collect the rock samples. So we come in

00:18:14.526 --> 00:18:17.642
with beverages, we come out with rock
samples, and that's how a lot of

00:18:17.675 --> 00:18:20.672
these rocks were brought out. Some of
the bigger ones the park service

00:18:20.705 --> 00:18:24.172
actually allowed US helicopter service
actually went to see a helicopter

00:18:24.205 --> 00:18:28.203
to bring them out. So every single
rock formation that is a cat

00:18:28.236 --> 00:18:32.533
encountered in Grand Canyon is placed
along the trail at the time marker

00:18:32.566 --> 00:18:37.822
corresponding to its age, each rock
was chosen for its durability and also

00:18:37.855 --> 00:18:41.993
chosen for its it's interpretive
value. Each one has well polished and

00:18:42.026 --> 00:18:45.473
unpolished surfaces so you can see it.
And as you can see, the plants were

00:18:45.506 --> 00:18:49.332
designed to be to be loved to death.
Okay, We love to have people stand on

00:18:49.365 --> 00:18:53.313
the rock, sit on the rocks, draw
pencils, pencils, rubbings of the rocks

00:18:53.346 --> 00:18:56.503
and so on. And each one of them. It's
kind of another interesting story at

00:18:56.536 --> 00:19:00.483
the corner of each one of these
plants. We originally had a little wording

00:19:00.516 --> 00:19:03.642
that said, Please touch. We want
people to touch these rocks when people

00:19:03.675 --> 00:19:07.043
interact with them. But when we did
our prototyping and we showed please

00:19:07.076 --> 00:19:10.112
touch people saw that and you know how
they read it? They read it as

00:19:10.145 --> 00:19:14.622
please don't touch, because that's
what everybody is used to s O. So

00:19:14.655 --> 00:19:18.533
instead, they say, Touch me. Okay, we
have that. That's another one of the

00:19:18.566 --> 00:19:22.693
things that we learned from the
evaluation. So, um, the trail of time has

00:19:22.726 --> 00:19:26.533
also facilitated some research on
interpretation of this was my master

00:19:26.566 --> 00:19:30.443
student, Becky Fruits. Once we put it
in there, we were interested in how

00:19:30.476 --> 00:19:33.422
people interacted with the trail and
how they learned. And one of the

00:19:33.455 --> 00:19:36.912
things we were very gratified, sort of
after the fact was that the

00:19:36.945 --> 00:19:40.822
visitors were getting the basic ideas
of geologic time. The relative

00:19:40.855 --> 00:19:45.352
sequence in which superposition which
rocks were deposited correlation of

00:19:45.385 --> 00:19:48.862
units across both sides of the canyon.
The trail was able to teach that

00:19:48.895 --> 00:19:52.233
very effectively. Most of that work
was published. It's on there. So if

00:19:52.266 --> 00:19:55.882
anybody wants to build a trail of time
in another place, that material is

00:19:55.915 --> 00:20:01.622
there for people to to read and
redesign and people be happy. I have my

00:20:01.655 --> 00:20:04.263
website up. In the end, they would be
happy to share that information with

00:20:04.296 --> 00:20:07.483
the one who's interested. But for the
last couple of minutes, if I talk, I

00:20:07.516 --> 00:20:10.513
think I've got about five more
minutes. Something like that. I'd like to

00:20:10.546 --> 00:20:14.303
talk a little bit about the other side
of place based teaching the virtual

00:20:14.336 --> 00:20:19.533
side. Okay, Um, we had a s. You are
also very interested in immersive

00:20:19.566 --> 00:20:23.723
virtual field trips. Okay, because we
recognize that that even though I'm

00:20:23.756 --> 00:20:27.142
a dyed in the wool field geologist, I
realized that there are many places

00:20:27.175 --> 00:20:31.422
in this world that air geologically,
they're places that are pedagogic Lee

00:20:31.455 --> 00:20:36.322
, powerful, geologically rich. But
they're accessible on ly to a relative

00:20:36.355 --> 00:20:41.682
you. And if we're going to share the
pedagogical value, the instructional

00:20:41.715 --> 00:20:46.102
value relating too geology or
geography or ecology or anything, we're

00:20:46.135 --> 00:20:49.293
gonna have to find a different way to
bring it to students. And the way we

00:20:49.326 --> 00:20:53.872
do that is through technology. And so
we have been pioneers and the idea

00:20:53.905 --> 00:20:57.922
of immersive virtual field trips. Web
hosted three hundred sixty degree

00:20:57.955 --> 00:21:01.813
immersive environments set all around
the world, including Grand Canyon,

00:21:01.846 --> 00:21:04.993
and this is the website. You can go to
this website right now and you,

00:21:05.026 --> 00:21:08.813
Khun, or later on, and you can
encounter any one of these field trips and

00:21:08.846 --> 00:21:13.243
you can take it right there on any
device. It's a phone or a tablet or

00:21:13.276 --> 00:21:18.053
computer. So with another grant from
the National Science Foundation. My

00:21:18.086 --> 00:21:22.382
colleague Jeffrey Bruce, who's here,
who's a videographer, and Professor

00:21:22.415 --> 00:21:26.932
Arlan Bar, a colleague of mine today s
U. We went on a Carl Carlstrom

00:21:26.965 --> 00:21:30.632
River trip in twenty thirteen, and we
collected an enormous amount of

00:21:30.665 --> 00:21:35.463
video footage and we came up with this
virtual field trip. I'm gonna

00:21:35.496 --> 00:21:38.382
hopefully this is going to work,

00:21:38.415 --> 00:21:42.582
you know, it's one thing. It's one
thing I can talk about this But the

00:21:42.615 --> 00:21:49.102
best way to show it is it's just gonna
work. Let's see. Maybe I have to

00:21:49.135 --> 00:21:56.503
get out of this presentation and I'm
running out of time here, so let me

00:21:56.536 --> 00:22:02.072
you see if it should be OK, here we
go. Anybody see that? So if you go to

00:22:02.105 --> 00:22:05.325
the FT and you go to the Grand Canyon
and you click on the vent the Grand

00:22:05.358 --> 00:22:09.275
Canyon, it'LL take to splash page like
that and they're two options. We

00:22:09.308 --> 00:22:13.315
have what we call a free inquiry
virtual field trip and a guided increase

00:22:13.348 --> 00:22:16.386
field trip which takes you up Black
Canyon, which gives you a good and

00:22:16.419 --> 00:22:19.745
expert exposure to the great un
conformity. So I'm going to just very

00:22:19.778 --> 00:22:22.815
briefly show you what you what you get
when you jump into one of these

00:22:22.848 --> 00:22:28.275
trips is it plops you down in right at
the neck a week Grand Aries in the

00:22:28.308 --> 00:22:32.876
canyon. Okay. And you have a three
hundred and sixty degree panorama. You

00:22:32.909 --> 00:22:37.365
could look up, you could look down,
you can navigate around, and embedded

00:22:37.398 --> 00:22:43.126
in the screen are all kinds of video
and audio of aids. Like, for example

00:22:43.159 --> 00:22:46.995
, this is Giga Pan. So if you're
familiar with Giga Pan, Giga Pan is a

00:22:47.028 --> 00:22:51.545
wonderful technology that that
stitches hundreds of high resolution

00:22:51.578 --> 00:22:55.055
photographs together. So there you
have the wall of the Paleozoic rocks

00:22:55.088 --> 00:22:58.855
looking across on the ground a reason.
It's a pretty big image. But what

00:22:58.888 --> 00:23:03.105
you can do is you can zoom in, and
what you find when you zoom in is the

00:23:03.138 --> 00:23:06.575
resolution. Is Justus high? No matter
how close you get? That's the

00:23:06.608 --> 00:23:10.186
wonderful thing about Giga Pants. So
it actually allows you to go places

00:23:10.219 --> 00:23:14.005
in the canyon that you could not go to
without, you know, without being a

00:23:14.038 --> 00:23:18.626
mountain climber, that sort of thing.
So we have that,

00:23:18.659 --> 00:23:22.555
and we have a number of let's see if I
can close that up. We have a number

00:23:22.588 --> 00:23:26.696
of instructional videos that talk
about Grand Canyon geology. So, for

00:23:26.729 --> 00:23:32.386
example, here we have yours truly. We
also have videos by Karl Carlstrom

00:23:32.419 --> 00:23:36.426
and Lori Cross e talking about the
geology of Grand Canyon at all of these

00:23:36.459 --> 00:23:40.275
different locations. So we have these
videos that kind of moderate, what's

00:23:40.308 --> 00:23:45.765
going on as well to talk about the
rock layers, Um, and then we have, ah,

00:23:45.798 --> 00:23:50.065
humans thinks we have a Google map
page. Here. We have about thirty some

00:23:50.098 --> 00:23:54.726
odd stops along the river that you can
travel to. You could travel to them

00:23:54.759 --> 00:23:59.085
either by jumping on the map or you
can just click to the next thing. I

00:23:59.118 --> 00:24:03.166
also want to show you we have one kind
of cool set of videos here. See if

00:24:03.199 --> 00:24:08.132
I can show this one last time minutes.
This is called three hundred sixty

00:24:08.165 --> 00:24:11.813
degree video. Okay, so here we are. We
drive, we're floating down the

00:24:11.846 --> 00:24:15.602
canyon and look what you can do.

00:24:15.635 --> 00:24:20.392
You can look in all directions at all
times.

00:24:20.425 --> 00:24:25.043
So here we are, looking down through
the basement rocks.

00:24:25.076 --> 00:24:27.162
Look at that. I mean, look at the
beautiful basement. You can see those

00:24:27.195 --> 00:24:32.112
Vishnu schist and you can see the the
very furry Jeffrey Bruce down there

00:24:32.145 --> 00:24:36.592
, and and that you could see the rocks
are spectacular. So we have all of

00:24:36.625 --> 00:24:42.543
these different videos and you could
navigate up and down the canyon. Okay

00:24:42.576 --> 00:24:46.432
, So you can go and you click on the
little Green Doc's here and they

00:24:46.465 --> 00:24:49.553
could take you up. For example, this
is hiking up like a weed canyon. You

00:24:49.586 --> 00:24:52.943
can go all the way up through the
Butte fault up into the to our valley.

00:24:52.976 --> 00:24:57.533
And every one of these locations has
all these tremendous resource is as

00:24:57.566 --> 00:25:01.243
well as these wonderful three hundred
sixty degree panoramas. So running

00:25:01.276 --> 00:25:03.822
out of time, I'd love to just, like,
take you on this trip for the next

00:25:03.855 --> 00:25:10.443
hours. So But I would encourage you to
have a look at that at your leisure.

00:25:10.476 --> 00:25:17.803
And I'll just sort of finish up when I
go

00:25:17.836 --> 00:25:22.072
so Ivy FT Technology offers access and
perspectivas have shown that are

00:25:22.105 --> 00:25:26.033
not always readily accessible. Insitu
a CZ Well, as all of these other

00:25:26.066 --> 00:25:30.443
interpretive resource is that we put
in there, we have done some research

00:25:30.476 --> 00:25:35.112
on pairing both e in person trip the
Trail of time with the IVF T. And I

00:25:35.145 --> 00:25:38.723
have a student here who recently
completed his masters and is now

00:25:38.756 --> 00:25:43.162
finishing his phD. And the bottom line
is that the virtual field trip is

00:25:43.195 --> 00:25:46.862
not really a competition for the in
person field trip. If anything, it

00:25:46.895 --> 00:25:51.033
complements it. Because most students
the first time they have in the

00:25:51.066 --> 00:25:54.372
field experience, they tend to be very
preoccupied by things other than

00:25:54.405 --> 00:25:56.993
learning. They worry about what
they're gonna wear, where they have to go

00:25:57.026 --> 00:26:00.013
, the bathroom, where they're going to
eat that sort of thing. The nice

00:26:00.046 --> 00:26:02.553
thing about a virtual field trip is it
can help him get over those

00:26:02.586 --> 00:26:06.993
preoccupations before they actually go
out into the Yeah, So this is the

00:26:07.026 --> 00:26:11.632
research that's underway. We're still
in the process of integrating the

00:26:11.665 --> 00:26:16.602
IVF technology and the field based
technology through the trail of time in

00:26:16.635 --> 00:26:21.422
in a more effective way, and so I
think I will end here. If you're

00:26:21.455 --> 00:26:25.723
interested in checking out the Grand
Canyon VF t, there's the website. If

00:26:25.756 --> 00:26:28.693
you're interested in the trail of
time, there's the website and if I can

00:26:28.726 --> 00:26:32.733
answer any further questions for you,
there's my website. One thing I want

00:26:32.766 --> 00:26:37.033
to draw attention to is that in
September, September twenty second, the

00:26:37.066 --> 00:26:40.102
Geological Society of America is going
to hold this annual meeting right

00:26:40.135 --> 00:26:44.102
here in Phoenix. And so it's a great
opportunity for those of you who are

00:26:44.135 --> 00:26:48.402
interested in Grand Canyon. There
going to be a number of sessions related

00:26:48.435 --> 00:26:52.733
to Grand Canyon happening at this
conference. So you've never been to a G

00:26:52.766 --> 00:26:55.152
s a meeting before. It's going to be
right here in town, so I would

00:26:55.185 --> 00:26:58.003
certainly encourage you to look into
it. And I'd be happy to answer

00:26:58.036 --> 00:27:00.882
questions about that, too, because I'm
also working on that meeting

00:27:00.915 --> 00:27:08.915
something. Thank you very much.

00:27:10.266 --> 00:27:15.662
Do we have any questions, Dr Somethin,
Steve?

00:27:15.695 --> 00:27:23.695
Questions for Steve.

00:27:24.496 --> 00:27:30.213
Um uh there's great presentation. And,
uh, I'm looking at all that this

00:27:30.246 --> 00:27:33.412
talk and as well as other talks
through the lens of perspective of a

00:27:33.445 --> 00:27:37.793
botanist, and I want to say that
obvious toxin in years included, uh,

00:27:37.826 --> 00:27:42.313
really helps our work and studying
plants. Uh, within Grand Canyon. One of

00:27:42.346 --> 00:27:47.152
the one of my, uh it's actually a
common is so glad that you brought out

00:27:47.185 --> 00:27:53.902
that Ah, with the cultural as well as
natural landscape in is ah, uh,

00:27:53.935 --> 00:27:57.422
botanists and ethno botanists. We tend
to even take it a little bit

00:27:57.455 --> 00:28:00.892
further because we have so much
evidence where we look att, plants, plant

00:28:00.925 --> 00:28:04.322
species and plant communities as
having been influenced. That's like a

00:28:04.355 --> 00:28:09.402
legacy effect from, uh, what people
did centuries ago and what we see. A

00:28:09.435 --> 00:28:14.203
landscape today reflects that, and so
we take wee wee verily in many areas

00:28:14.236 --> 00:28:17.503
in the southwest, Ear's on, including
Grand Canyon. Even bring up the word

00:28:17.536 --> 00:28:23.473
natural landscape. We call it a bio
cultural landscape. So it takes takes

00:28:23.506 --> 00:28:28.382
care that you know that very, very
tight in connection with the people on

00:28:28.415 --> 00:28:32.412
their on the activities of Soe long
ago to president and and the landscape.

00:28:32.445 --> 00:28:35.612
We see. But thank you very much. Thank
you. And then I would have to say

00:28:35.645 --> 00:28:39.102
that we have no geologist. We hold
ethnobotany is sort of like the bar

00:28:39.135 --> 00:28:42.533
that we'd like to aspire to someday as
faras how much you've been able to

00:28:42.566 --> 00:28:45.723
accomplish. And I didn't really have a
chance to talk too much about the

00:28:45.756 --> 00:28:49.612
specific at the geological cultural
elements that go into some of this

00:28:49.645 --> 00:28:53.642
teaching by another hour. I could do
that as well, but But that is part of

00:28:53.675 --> 00:28:57.142
it. We are very interested. We do work
with traditional knowledge keepers.

00:28:57.175 --> 00:29:01.092
Inappropriate, culturally appropriate
ways to integrate that those sorts

00:29:01.125 --> 00:29:04.463
of now starting with things as simple
as place names. Okay, what are the

00:29:04.496 --> 00:29:08.142
original place names? Not the ones
that have been imposed later by people

00:29:08.175 --> 00:29:11.733
who came later. But what of the one of
the off original place names we use

00:29:11.766 --> 00:29:19.322
? Those one of them? I wanted to ask
if your team is considering, uh,

00:29:19.355 --> 00:29:23.402
augmented reality. So at the risk of
having people will walk around the

00:29:23.435 --> 00:29:27.983
candidate Ram, looking at their phones
and falling off,

00:29:28.016 --> 00:29:32.362
you know, and also the risk of just
looking at their phones, which they're

00:29:32.395 --> 00:29:38.172
already doing, but the opportunity for
learning for staying longer, for

00:29:38.205 --> 00:29:44.783
possibly getting some amount of
enrichment or education that surpasses the

00:29:44.816 --> 00:29:49.822
experience of fifteen minutes at the
end. Take a selfie back to my car.

00:29:49.855 --> 00:29:53.743
The short answer for that is we are
not. However, there is a woman by the

00:29:53.776 --> 00:29:57.743
name of Natalie Burstyn, who used to
be at the Cal State Fullerton. She's

00:29:57.776 --> 00:30:02.622
now teaching at a university in
British Columbia. She created an augmented

00:30:02.655 --> 00:30:07.533
reality field trip to Grand Canyon.
Okay, which is what basically they She

00:30:07.566 --> 00:30:11.082
was at Utah State University and they
did the trip like out on the

00:30:11.115 --> 00:30:14.072
football field. And so they would have
their phones and they were

00:30:14.105 --> 00:30:17.842
essentially hiking through Grand
Canyon on the football field. So, yes, I

00:30:17.875 --> 00:30:22.182
mean, like the Pokemon go kind of
model for for instruction. We definitely

00:30:22.215 --> 00:30:25.872
think that's a great idea. We're not
doing it, but But I would look up,

00:30:25.905 --> 00:30:30.203
Natalie burst in, and her name is
really difficult to spell. But But Jessa

00:30:30.236 --> 00:30:35.233
, the Geological Society of America
uh, monthly journal, Jessa today about

00:30:35.266 --> 00:30:39.033
about a year and a half ago had a
cover story about her, eh, Our field

00:30:39.066 --> 00:30:44.003
trip. So, yes, I fully agree that
that's that's very useful. Is there an

00:30:44.036 --> 00:30:48.023
existence or do you have plans to
develop curricular targeted, different

00:30:48.056 --> 00:30:53.372
great groups of crosswalk with
curriculum objectives and things like that

00:30:53.405 --> 00:30:56.892
that would be applied in the
classroom? We're starting to work on that for

00:30:56.925 --> 00:31:00.422
Grand Canyon. We actually have for
other. Resource is okay. If you go to

00:31:00.455 --> 00:31:04.053
that v FT site, they're about twenty
five different virtual field trips,

00:31:04.086 --> 00:31:08.003
and one was called Red Rocks and
actually starts it Sedona and ends up in

00:31:08.036 --> 00:31:11.892
Mars and talks about what makes rocks
red right. Talks about how the red

00:31:11.925 --> 00:31:15.493
planet got red. But it starts in
Sedona with, you know, with the red rocks

00:31:15.526 --> 00:31:18.592
there. So and that one is actually
oriented toward high school in middle

00:31:18.625 --> 00:31:21.862
school, Uh, but also has
undergraduates. So the answer is yes, we're

00:31:21.895 --> 00:31:26.013
working on that. We have a program
that s you called the Center for

00:31:26.046 --> 00:31:30.132
Exploration. Educated to exploration
or X, which is working on that. I had

00:31:30.165 --> 00:31:35.382
the website earlier. Just tx dot
issue. But if you go to the V f t site,

00:31:35.415 --> 00:31:41.102
it's there. The red rocks is there

00:31:41.135 --> 00:31:45.602
I know I'm keeping you away from your
coffee.

00:31:45.635 --> 00:31:52.493
Yes, sir. Please stand unusual
comment. Have you created any virtual drips

00:31:52.526 --> 00:31:55.922
going through the rapids? Yeah, I
would, actually. If I had more time, I

00:31:55.955 --> 00:31:59.943
was going to show We did have one
video of going through. I think we have

00:31:59.976 --> 00:32:04.963
one through hands, and we have one
through father up in the river, like so

00:32:04.996 --> 00:32:08.862
Creek or something like that. Um, but
Hans is kind of fun. Yeah, they're

00:32:08.895 --> 00:32:13.753
in there. There are There are rapids
videos embedded in there. We tried to

00:32:13.786 --> 00:32:17.473
do one through lava, but it got, like,
totally so just kind of think that

00:32:17.506 --> 00:32:21.922
I don't think it worked. But but half
I think hands turned out really well.

00:32:21.955 --> 00:32:26.172
Which is You know, that, Steph.
Handsome, fun rapping. My favorite is

00:32:26.205 --> 00:32:34.205
this hermit We didn't do one in
Hermit. Should done, Herman.

00:32:35.526 --> 00:32:38.912
Of course.

00:32:38.945 --> 00:32:42.322
Close your eyes if you don't want to
see it.

00:32:42.355 --> 00:32:44.523
All right,

00:32:44.556 --> 00:32:49.053
let me. Yeah. I mean, if you want to
do well, maybe we should do quite. I

00:32:49.086 --> 00:32:51.733
mean, you want to do it now, or you
want to do it during the break or just

00:32:51.766 --> 00:32:56.773
don't know it was, you know? Okay,
let's do it. Knock it out. I was just

00:32:56.806 --> 00:33:00.223
going to ask. Is the rapids more fun
at the beginning of your trips or the

00:33:00.256 --> 00:33:03.263
end of the trips?

00:33:03.296 --> 00:33:11.296
Let's see. Where's your had the the
link here, Zehra.

00:33:14.355 --> 00:33:18.432
Okay, So here's the Here's the actual
VF t page, okay? And you could see

00:33:18.465 --> 00:33:22.463
all the different trips that are
available, right? So dinosaur doom is

00:33:22.496 --> 00:33:26.213
kind of fun. Red rocks, early
civilizations. But then you go to Grand

00:33:26.246 --> 00:33:29.592
Canyon, here's Grand Canyon,

00:33:29.625 --> 00:33:34.563
and then you click on that and you
open up the page. Do we have sound on

00:33:34.596 --> 00:33:39.622
here? Because one of them does have
sound.

00:33:39.655 --> 00:33:44.303
Okay?

00:33:44.336 --> 00:33:48.622
Wow.

00:33:48.655 --> 00:33:52.993
No, Actually, there's there's actually
a soundtrack for Oh, no. Come on.

00:33:53.026 --> 00:33:55.973
 What the heck?

00:33:56.006 --> 00:34:03.523
Let me try that again. That that can't
be.

00:34:03.556 --> 00:34:11.556
Yes. Close that window. Let's try it
again. I had it a moment ago. Yeah.

00:34:12.596 --> 00:34:18.383
All right. I have no idea why this is
happening.

00:34:18.416 --> 00:34:22.133
Okay, so I don't see chrome on here.
This chrome must be somewhere. Well,

00:34:22.166 --> 00:34:28.043
there it is. Okay, let's try chrome.
It should work with all browsers, all

00:34:28.076 --> 00:34:32.182
tools. And if this works Google, we
hope you're watching. And you should

00:34:32.215 --> 00:34:40.215
have sponsored this event.

00:34:40.476 --> 00:34:48.476
Let's try again.

00:34:54.295 --> 00:34:58.012
Here we go.

00:34:58.045 --> 00:35:06.045
Yeah. There we go. Okay. Let's see.
Here's one of them.

00:35:08.976 --> 00:35:14.142
It's got great sound. I just don't
have I don't think we have.

00:35:14.175 --> 00:35:17.343
No, no, no. Now

00:35:17.376 --> 00:35:21.032
there's yours truly there.

00:35:21.065 --> 00:35:24.242
Scratching his nose.

00:35:24.275 --> 00:35:31.642
Here we go. This is down near the UN
car Delta.

00:35:31.675 --> 00:35:34.602
No, it's not that we didn't do three
sixty through the rapids because the

00:35:34.635 --> 00:35:40.043
instrument was too too sensitive. So
we just did regular gopro for this.

00:35:40.076 --> 00:35:44.543
Here we go. This is okay. It's not a
huge rapper that I'LL look for hands

00:35:44.576 --> 00:35:48.142
next. Hance was better.

00:35:48.175 --> 00:35:55.113
There, Yeah.

00:35:55.146 --> 00:35:59.403
Oh, here's Hance. Here's hands.
There's the There's the. That's the That's

00:35:59.436 --> 00:36:02.653
the famous igneous enhance their
That's graced the pages of a million

00:36:02.686 --> 00:36:06.823
textbooks that were passing one on the
right there. This thing is in every

00:36:06.856 --> 00:36:09.602
geology textbook. So this is one of
the bigger rapids on the river. This

00:36:09.635 --> 00:36:13.742
hands rapid. No, this isn't. Wait a
minute. This is in the basement. So

00:36:13.775 --> 00:36:16.563
this is a different one side.

00:36:16.596 --> 00:36:20.813
But it's like this is a bigger This
might be Krystal. Anybody know which

00:36:20.846 --> 00:36:28.846
one is it? Is it Is it Sock dollar?
Okay, Sock da llegar.

00:36:30.545 --> 00:36:38.545
That wasn't hand stance was on there
somewhere.

00:36:41.695 --> 00:36:46.363
But getting dizzy.

00:36:46.396 --> 00:36:50.762
We had a good boatman.

00:36:50.795 --> 00:36:54.762
Here's hands, there's hands.

00:36:54.795 --> 00:36:59.793
Not really in order here, but

00:36:59.826 --> 00:37:02.742
Here we go.

00:37:02.775 --> 00:37:05.153
Well,

00:37:05.186 --> 00:37:13.063
that was a private phone.

00:37:13.096 --> 00:37:19.063
Twenty thirteen.

00:37:19.096 --> 00:37:22.673
So we had to go pro tied to one of the
water containers. I think that we

00:37:22.706 --> 00:37:30.706
did it so you could see the screw. The
lens is getting wet.

00:37:41.295 --> 00:37:44.762
I think part of what happens is as you
go down the river, you start moving

00:37:44.795 --> 00:37:48.532
farther forward in the boat, you get a
little bit more more courageous.

00:37:48.565 --> 00:37:52.166
Time goes on. So anyway, so you have
itso