WEBVTT 00:00:08.800 --> 00:00:10.800 Hello. 00:00:12.330 --> 00:00:16.796 I changed the title. If you've seen the program flashing about, uh, 00:00:16.829 --> 00:00:22.256 yesterday afternoon talking to my wife was finishing up the power point 00:00:22.289 --> 00:00:26.037 and we're talking about the great unknown. And I said, I've got to go 00:00:26.070 --> 00:00:29.317 change my title. And then last night, driving down here with Brad Emmick, 00:00:29.350 --> 00:00:36.446 we detailed it a little bit. So, um after I thought of that was so obvious 00:00:36.479 --> 00:00:40.186 that that should have been the title all along. Mapping the great unknown 00:00:40.219 --> 00:00:46.076 about Powell and his crew in eighteen sixty nine on the river. 00:00:46.109 --> 00:00:49.787 This work is advanced. 00:00:49.820 --> 00:00:57.057 I don't know, just to enter. Contrary to appearances, I am not related to 00:00:57.090 --> 00:01:03.887 John Wesley Powell and I had no intention of doing any research on PAL. 00:01:03.920 --> 00:01:08.936 Major biographies had been done, and I was interested in other aspects of 00:01:08.969 --> 00:01:13.837 Colorado River history. Nineteen seventy three Did my first river trip? Um 00:01:13.870 --> 00:01:17.727 , you could see the course of the pal did way up at the top, but Green 00:01:17.760 --> 00:01:22.217 River, Wyoming on down to the mouth of the Virgin River. Uh, Dana Repeat 00:01:22.250 --> 00:01:26.186 trip a couple of years later, part way through the canyon. But an event 00:01:26.219 --> 00:01:29.456 occurred on that first trip, about two hundred forty miles into Grand 00:01:29.489 --> 00:01:33.617 Canyon. Three men left the trip. The Holland Brothers and William Dunne 00:01:33.650 --> 00:01:40.406 and nineteen seventy five was My next trip, went down below Diamond Creek 00:01:40.439 --> 00:01:44.887 to Lake Mead and saw the separation plaque. We didn't stop. There were 00:01:44.920 --> 00:01:48.786 doing a run out off the cliff, too. Commemorate the three men who had 00:01:48.819 --> 00:01:51.507 hiked out 00:01:51.540 --> 00:01:55.316 in nineteen eighty nine. Emit the park archaeologist. You have awesome! 00:01:55.349 --> 00:01:59.206 She told me about another separation plaque. Nineteen thirty four. You'LL 00:01:59.239 --> 00:02:03.617 see down at the bottom on the left that she had in her office, and there's 00:02:03.650 --> 00:02:07.857 a whole long story. That's a complete other talk. Um, nineteen. Ninety 00:02:07.890 --> 00:02:13.577 four. Roy Webb, Utah historian, told me about seeing a separation plaque 00:02:13.610 --> 00:02:18.617 from nineteen thirty four and Vernal, Utah at the Hats Warehouse. 00:02:18.650 --> 00:02:23.177 An investigation into those two plaques that still exist but have been 00:02:23.210 --> 00:02:29.249 removed from the canyon. I started looking into the history of the this so 00:02:29.282 --> 00:02:33.078 called affair it separation, and the plaques 00:02:33.111 --> 00:02:40.198 in um looked into Powell's original journals, and they still exist there 00:02:40.231 --> 00:02:46.118 at the National Anthropological Archives that Smithsonian. And this is, uh 00:02:46.151 --> 00:02:50.719 , August twenty seventh, the night they got to the rapid at separation. 00:02:50.752 --> 00:02:54.969 That's pals handwriting, for the most part, except for that string of 00:02:55.002 --> 00:03:00.479 numbers across the top, and you can see a transcription above that, Uh, 00:03:00.512 --> 00:03:04.798 first thought that one hundred nineteen degrees number was a longitude, uh 00:03:04.831 --> 00:03:08.518 , so it's important to know how far near the end of the trip they were, 00:03:08.551 --> 00:03:12.388 his pal explained to the three men trying to convince him to stay on the 00:03:12.421 --> 00:03:16.178 river hundred nineteen degrees his middle of the Central Valley in 00:03:16.211 --> 00:03:21.819 California. I thought No wonder the three guys left if Pel was that far 00:03:21.852 --> 00:03:23.999 off. 00:03:24.032 --> 00:03:31.749 Um, the next day, the three men hiked out. There's thie total, um, Pal 00:03:31.782 --> 00:03:38.398 original journal for that event. Boys left us on the twenty eighth. Um, 00:03:38.431 --> 00:03:43.358 you'll read in the reprints from his report that he spends pages flowery 00:03:43.391 --> 00:03:48.809 pages on that. So this got me into looking at PAL surveying methods. Uh, 00:03:48.842 --> 00:03:52.668 turns out that hundred nineteen degrees was a sex in observation of double 00:03:52.701 --> 00:04:00.701 angle stars, citing so not a longitude at all. 00:04:01.431 --> 00:04:05.738 The prior year. The prior two years, Palate taken college students out on 00:04:05.771 --> 00:04:10.608 some of the first experiential field trips in eighteen, sixty eighty. Had 00:04:10.641 --> 00:04:16.488 a map. Call the Gore Linsky map. He was a draftsman. Um, he took it. It's 00:04:16.521 --> 00:04:19.959 in eighteen sixty seven maps of, Well, pretty much had the latest 00:04:19.992 --> 00:04:27.279 available maps. All the students had a a map of this in the field. 00:04:27.312 --> 00:04:32.599 Then, uh, Matt mentioned that this map this morning, Freehold Warren map 00:04:32.632 --> 00:04:38.128 eighteen sixty eight. And palle had this map with him on the river in 00:04:38.161 --> 00:04:41.849 eighteen. Sixty nine. The men referred to that. They identify some 00:04:41.882 --> 00:04:46.248 locations on the map. There was an eighteen sixty nine freehold warring 00:04:46.281 --> 00:04:52.303 map is always updated, um, with new information. Every trip that went out 00:04:52.336 --> 00:04:59.553 West gave the information to them and they updated the map. 00:04:59.586 --> 00:05:03.693 It didn't come out till December of sixty nine. I don't know if they 00:05:03.726 --> 00:05:07.803 incorporated Enea Pell's information or not. Is he just gotten off three 00:05:07.836 --> 00:05:11.904 months earlier and probably not. 00:05:11.937 --> 00:05:16.923 They also had a Mormon map with him. Uh, I have no idea what that is. I've 00:05:16.956 --> 00:05:20.144 never seen anybody that's found information on it, but it may have came 00:05:20.177 --> 00:05:24.844 come out of AA trip that Jacob Hamlin and two others went from the Grand 00:05:24.877 --> 00:05:29.503 Wash cliffs below the Grand Canyon to the south of the Virgin River and 00:05:29.536 --> 00:05:34.003 two years before Palace trip. 00:05:34.036 --> 00:05:38.904 This is the first, uh, printed map. I think Matt showed that this morning. 00:05:38.937 --> 00:05:45.293 Scribner's monthly popular cereal and ah, first really good map showing 00:05:45.326 --> 00:05:49.503 grandkid, but it was only three and a half inches by five inches. So 00:05:49.536 --> 00:05:55.284 essentially an index card, so not quite as useful as some of the others 00:05:55.317 --> 00:06:00.053 that came out later. Uh, Frederick Dellenbaugh was a crew member on PAL 00:06:00.086 --> 00:06:04.553 Second Trip, and he was one of the topography furs. And these are the two 00:06:04.586 --> 00:06:09.883 maps that appeared in his books and later early nineteen hundreds. 00:06:09.916 --> 00:06:14.344 Preliminary map number one and number two from eighteen seventy three. 00:06:14.377 --> 00:06:19.414 And, uh, Dellenbaugh finished the map and Kanab January February that year 00:06:19.447 --> 00:06:27.447 and, uh, shipped it off to D. C. 00:06:27.817 --> 00:06:32.633 The pals reports air kind of lacking. This is an example from Fremont to 00:06:32.666 --> 00:06:38.373 report in eighteen forty five. He shows the latitudes and longitudes. 00:06:38.406 --> 00:06:43.993 Astronomical observations, barometric observations, instruments, uh, 00:06:44.026 --> 00:06:48.563 raiding the instruments, how accurate they were. 00:06:48.596 --> 00:06:52.383 Eighteen sixty one. The IVs report lives has been mentioned several times 00:06:52.416 --> 00:06:57.154 through here. Also, astronomical observations, barometric observations, 00:06:57.187 --> 00:07:03.168 instruments, uh, and pages and pages. If you look in these reports of data 00:07:03.201 --> 00:07:08.608 , all the observations they did with their instruments, of course, they 00:07:08.641 --> 00:07:13.829 were doing land surveys. For the most part, I've seen some river, um, 00:07:13.862 --> 00:07:18.188 Fremont, You know, cross rivers, but ah, different conditions that pal had 00:07:18.221 --> 00:07:25.519 when he was on the river course. But the's were, you know, thirty, twenty 00:07:25.552 --> 00:07:31.008 , ten, twenty, thirty years before pals report yet done of palace reports. 00:07:31.041 --> 00:07:35.688 Ever show any data or any instruments? 00:07:35.721 --> 00:07:40.779 This is, uh, Bell, William Bell. Any tracks in North America? The second 00:07:40.812 --> 00:07:45.699 edition, eighteen. Seventy. And he's, uh, has a pal report in there. This 00:07:45.732 --> 00:07:49.909 is the end of the report where palace giving mileage is traveled through 00:07:49.942 --> 00:07:54.139 the canyons from Green River, the railroad crossing a green river down to 00:07:54.172 --> 00:08:01.368 the below them Grand Canyon. But it also appeared prior to that. And I 00:08:01.401 --> 00:08:04.729 just found this newspaper article 00:08:04.762 --> 00:08:08.979 the same month that pallet gone off the river. He got off early September. 00:08:09.012 --> 00:08:15.008 This is back in normal, Illinois, September twenty seventh, and he gives 00:08:15.041 --> 00:08:18.959 the biologist for the canyon. So, uh, little different version appeared in 00:08:18.992 --> 00:08:22.649 bills and publication. But Palate also put it in these papers, and they 00:08:22.682 --> 00:08:29.079 got reprinted essentially the same reporters he hadn't built sneak tracks 00:08:29.112 --> 00:08:33.918 on the second trip. The topography for above the Grand Canyon. Uh, Frances 00:08:33.951 --> 00:08:38.218 Marion Bishop. This is him in the field, working in a part of one of his 00:08:38.251 --> 00:08:43.769 maps. He's her at the Utah State Historical Society. These air this 00:08:43.802 --> 00:08:50.348 section's remaining the incomplete as faras the general course. But, ah, 00:08:50.381 --> 00:08:53.529 the sections of the map started in Green River. Go down a little ways and 00:08:53.562 --> 00:08:58.218 then ended Lee's ferry, and you could see the sections without the rest of 00:08:58.251 --> 00:09:04.254 the river course on the left and on the right is with the river course. 00:09:04.975 --> 00:09:06.975 Pell's Report eighteen seventy five government report had two maps in it. 00:09:09.884 --> 00:09:14.221 This is Green River, down to the mouth of the White River, the very first 00:09:14.254 --> 00:09:18.241 portion of the the River trip 00:09:18.274 --> 00:09:26.274 and also a profile green and Colorado rivers. Um, with the the profile and 00:09:26.595 --> 00:09:32.922 the top are those rivers. And on the bottom, a couple of almost, um, level 00:09:32.955 --> 00:09:38.302 lines is the, uh, Ohio Mississippi River. So he's showing the comparison 00:09:38.335 --> 00:09:45.391 the drop in the river of out west with Back East. The only two maps for 00:09:45.424 --> 00:09:51.861 that report reporting on this Grand Canyon River trip. 00:09:51.894 --> 00:09:56.332 You have already seen Della, Boss. Preliminary maps one and two. This is 00:09:56.365 --> 00:10:03.131 an overlay of those maps on too, Uh, present day. So blue is the eighteen 00:10:03.164 --> 00:10:11.164 seventies spelled maps and the red is, uh, this century's maps. I think 00:10:11.235 --> 00:10:15.532 Pal got away with not doing a standard report with his data and 00:10:15.565 --> 00:10:21.021 instruments and measurements. Because the map you look, it's really pretty 00:10:21.054 --> 00:10:25.672 good for those conditions. This is eighteen seventies on the river, 00:10:25.705 --> 00:10:30.052 especially the first trip. But they also had their problems in the second 00:10:30.085 --> 00:10:35.792 trip. Faras, uh, voting food. Things like that not is desperate, and they 00:10:35.825 --> 00:10:39.312 spent a lot more time. So for eighteen seventies, I think they did a 00:10:39.345 --> 00:10:44.511 pretty good job. And I think that's the reason I never found anything that 00:10:44.544 --> 00:10:50.832 said to Pel, Where are your data? 00:10:50.865 --> 00:10:56.511 So, uh, Pel has an agreement with three men on the trip. Jack Sumner, um, 00:10:56.544 --> 00:11:01.001 agrees to do all the necessary work required with a sexton. Done. 00:11:01.034 --> 00:11:07.042 Barometric yl observations. Um, when needed. Determining altitude of walls 00:11:07.075 --> 00:11:15.075 of the canyon and then hourly and daily, um, barometric observations. 00:11:16.154 --> 00:11:18.154 Howland was to make the topographical map. And I've got a picture of their 00:11:21.365 --> 00:11:26.302 apologies. Toe previous Speaker This is an illustration from pals report 00:11:26.335 --> 00:11:31.101 on the right in the center there are no known pictures of William done, 00:11:31.134 --> 00:11:35.391 but he dressed in buckskins. And rather than using a mountain man, I use 00:11:35.424 --> 00:11:41.501 one of pals illustrations from his report of a Native American. 00:11:41.534 --> 00:11:46.312 Could be an example for Dr Villa's next talk. 00:11:46.345 --> 00:11:50.312 This is a copy of the agreement that said You have a library, Special 00:11:50.345 --> 00:11:55.371 collections, Dellenbach collection. He copied the original, and, uh, I 00:11:55.404 --> 00:11:59.552 have no idea where the original and never heard anybody report that, but 00:11:59.585 --> 00:12:03.611 it's supposed to be with another. Originally a crew member on the Pal 00:12:03.644 --> 00:12:08.932 second Trip, Thompson. 00:12:08.965 --> 00:12:12.371 Pal had an Elgin watch. It's still at the Grand Canyon National Park 00:12:12.404 --> 00:12:17.462 Museum. It's been there since the forties. Pals, nephews, widow donated it 00:12:17.495 --> 00:12:22.032 to them. It's called an Elgin Watches from the National Watch Company 00:12:22.065 --> 00:12:25.782 manufactured in Elgin, Illinois. So you see the red line over there on the 00:12:25.815 --> 00:12:30.251 timepiece under Elgin. So, uh, people just referred to it all the time Is 00:12:30.284 --> 00:12:36.521 the Elgin watch? And, uh, pal talks about in this testament in the Elgin 00:12:36.554 --> 00:12:40.621 Almanac that it was better than the four pocket chronometer sze he had 00:12:40.654 --> 00:12:47.302 with him? Uh, its rate stayed the same And you'LL see I'll show some data 00:12:47.335 --> 00:12:55.101 of the when they were making observations for time on the Elgin and pal 00:12:55.134 --> 00:12:59.881 just other places. He just talked about having four chronometer Sze Now we 00:12:59.914 --> 00:13:04.432 know their pocket chronometer sze particular type. 00:13:04.465 --> 00:13:09.732 But prior to that, um, the year before that in eighteen, seventy year 00:13:09.765 --> 00:13:16.033 after his trip, essentially the same testament as the almanac. But the 00:13:16.066 --> 00:13:21.232 news article pride or that names to the brands of the chronometer, the 00:13:21.265 --> 00:13:25.313 pocket chronometer Jorgenson They also had a Jorgenson chronometer on the 00:13:25.346 --> 00:13:31.612 second trip in a fraud. Hm, which is pretty interesting That's a new, 00:13:31.645 --> 00:13:38.153 fairly recent find for me in this news article. Uh, barometers. They don't 00:13:38.186 --> 00:13:42.933 mention what types. But a recent book by John Ross on John Pal John Wesley 00:13:42.966 --> 00:13:50.966 Powell talks about, um, James Green is manufacturing the barometers 00:13:51.515 --> 00:13:55.413 Smithsonian had. 00:13:55.446 --> 00:14:01.732 Ordered and purchased, uh, barometers from James screen. And, um, you 00:14:01.765 --> 00:14:07.263 often read that Smithsonian Insufficient supplied them. But in the wreck 00:14:07.296 --> 00:14:11.283 of the no name boat in the Canyon of Lador talks, PAL talks about the 00:14:11.316 --> 00:14:16.622 three barometers being lost. But he also wrote, Could I go out to Seoul 00:14:16.655 --> 00:14:20.582 Lake and get barometers from New York? James Green was based in New York, 00:14:20.615 --> 00:14:25.862 so the Smithsonian may have paid for the barometer's. But Pal may have 00:14:25.895 --> 00:14:30.423 just gotten them from New York. He was concerning Tilly rescued the 00:14:30.456 --> 00:14:34.702 barometer's off the record off the wrecked boat he had considered going 00:14:34.735 --> 00:14:40.313 out from there to Salt Lake to order barometers. 00:14:40.346 --> 00:14:44.222 Uh, thermometers. They never mentioned what types. This is a wet bulb 00:14:44.255 --> 00:14:48.633 tribal. And, uh, I'll show you some data that shows that that's what they 00:14:48.666 --> 00:14:54.362 used in their barometric observations. James Green also made barometers. 00:14:54.395 --> 00:15:00.423 So if they got the, uh, I mean, if they got the barometer's from Jane 00:15:00.456 --> 00:15:05.313 screen, it's likely they got the thermometers there also. 00:15:05.346 --> 00:15:12.372 Um I talked to, uh, Henry Dickless Lowell Observatory emeritus astronomer 00:15:12.405 --> 00:15:17.513 and showed him the data that I had transcribed from pals. First trip. No 00:15:17.546 --> 00:15:24.375 book number two. And right away. He asked, Didn't they have about it in 00:15:24.408 --> 00:15:28.275 order? Usually, you know, with these astronomical observations, the 00:15:28.308 --> 00:15:32.645 observation doesn't tell you anything unless you reduce the data to 00:15:32.678 --> 00:15:38.905 latitude and longitude. About it, you see, on the left was, ah, common, uh 00:15:38.938 --> 00:15:44.625 , set of tables as well as the nautical almanac. On the second trip, they 00:15:44.658 --> 00:15:47.846 had a show of unease. 00:15:47.879 --> 00:15:51.606 In order to work there. Data. 00:15:51.639 --> 00:15:57.216 Uh, Alice. Uh, first major biographer was William Cope Dera, and he's 00:15:57.249 --> 00:16:00.675 talking about notebook number two, which is the geological notes and 00:16:00.708 --> 00:16:06.505 sections. In astronomical record of eighteen sixty nine, he says 00:16:06.538 --> 00:16:11.045 Astronomical barometric readings. We find a total of thirty two pages of 00:16:11.078 --> 00:16:15.476 notes of daily entries. They consist entirely of lengthy Siri's of 00:16:15.509 --> 00:16:21.275 tabulated figures and appeared in record astronomical data. We questioned 00:16:21.308 --> 00:16:26.596 the possible value of this material to you. I mean, this is the basis of 00:16:26.629 --> 00:16:33.206 palace mapping. Dare doesn't think it's worth it. 00:16:33.239 --> 00:16:38.586 Here. A couple of entries for time for Elgin. The first one where The 00:16:38.619 --> 00:16:43.505 Music temple Just below the mouth of San Juan. And the second one? Is that 00:16:43.538 --> 00:16:47.976 the mouth of the flax for the little Colorado River? And you'LL see Time, 00:16:48.009 --> 00:16:54.415 Elgin And for rate of Elgin, he doesn't mention the chronometer Sze of 00:16:54.448 --> 00:16:59.125 checking the rate. So they had always said that. Um, you know, the 00:16:59.158 --> 00:17:03.295 chronometer didn't work very well. And the Elgin's what they relied on in 00:17:03.328 --> 00:17:10.605 the the little data we have verifies that. 00:17:10.638 --> 00:17:15.896 Here's on the top of barometric observations, and you'LL see a D for drive 00:17:15.929 --> 00:17:20.206 old and W for wet bulb. It's important to know the humidity when you're 00:17:20.239 --> 00:17:25.775 doing that, taking the pressures from the barometer. What they would do is 00:17:25.808 --> 00:17:31.166 have to barometers have won at the river, and then they would take another 00:17:31.199 --> 00:17:34.865 barometer up to the top of the cliffs and take readings. They should do 00:17:34.898 --> 00:17:40.053 them simultaneously, which is hard to do, but they could kind of interpret 00:17:40.086 --> 00:17:46.773 it that way. I found no evidence that despite what some books say about, 00:17:46.806 --> 00:17:51.693 they're using, the barometer's too know how far down the river has dropped 00:17:51.726 --> 00:17:55.592 in elevation. It's kind of get an idea how far they've gone and how far 00:17:55.625 --> 00:17:59.632 they have to go. I find no evidence of that. They would have had to take 00:17:59.665 --> 00:18:04.273 barometric observations at every camp when they got there at night and in 00:18:04.306 --> 00:18:10.402 the morning before they left. And, uh, some days they were just working 00:18:10.435 --> 00:18:16.453 boats and probably didn't take any. And there no data in, uh, no book 00:18:16.486 --> 00:18:22.622 number two to confirm any of that 00:18:22.655 --> 00:18:25.822 no. 00:18:25.855 --> 00:18:31.733 Um so Helland is hired to do the topographical map and they get to the, uh 00:18:31.766 --> 00:18:35.872 , through the canyon of the door and some other canyons. They get down to 00:18:35.905 --> 00:18:41.332 the mouth of the U. N. To River Palin Cement hike up to the Indian agency 00:18:41.365 --> 00:18:46.082 up there. Uh, Howland's working on the maps because the wreck of the no 00:18:46.115 --> 00:18:52.273 name he says he's, uh, lost his notes and the map, and he's redoing them. 00:18:52.306 --> 00:18:59.142 But he also says he's going to send the maps up to the agency. And then 00:18:59.175 --> 00:19:04.493 after that, there are no other references to any of this. So, in fact, I 00:19:04.526 --> 00:19:09.003 prevent. The first part of the trip may have had a map sent up there, but 00:19:09.036 --> 00:19:13.072 who knows where it is? 00:19:13.105 --> 00:19:17.813 Here they're doing Ah, method of observations called looter distances. And 00:19:17.846 --> 00:19:23.453 there there's, Ah, away of flat finding latitude and longitude of lunar 00:19:23.486 --> 00:19:28.973 distances using the tables, like about its of the nautical AMA almanac 00:19:29.006 --> 00:19:33.973 definition down below. We won't get into that. 00:19:34.006 --> 00:19:39.743 I transcribed the data Astronomical data from notebook number two and it 00:19:39.776 --> 00:19:45.290 appears an appendix in the first and second edition of Michael Gilly Aires. 00:19:45.323 --> 00:19:51.919 Book on with the Pal journals uh, third edition on the right. He includes 00:19:51.952 --> 00:19:57.419 some other information as long as that, as well as that of those 00:19:57.452 --> 00:20:02.780 transcriptions I did because a couple of guys attempted to and succeeded 00:20:02.813 --> 00:20:06.199 in a couple of instances, reduced using the books of tables and lunar 00:20:06.232 --> 00:20:14.232 methods of of getting some, uh, reduce figures. Which shows a pel was very 00:20:15.932 --> 00:20:21.140 and the men were very accurate at a couple of places in dock. Marston 00:20:21.173 --> 00:20:26.570 historian. He was mentioned earlier. Um, he was in the Navy submarine 00:20:26.603 --> 00:20:32.390 trained a submarine commander, became an historian River Runner boatman. 00:20:32.423 --> 00:20:37.840 And he talks about They're doing all these observations at the mouth of 00:20:37.873 --> 00:20:41.040 the or at the junction of the Green and the Grand River started the 00:20:41.073 --> 00:20:46.649 Colorado River. And, uh, August seventh was in eclipse, and Powell was 00:20:46.682 --> 00:20:52.590 hoping to be it. A junctions of some river with the Colorado because, uh, 00:20:52.623 --> 00:20:57.870 worldwide, the eclipse was being observed in a lot of places and a lot of 00:20:57.903 --> 00:21:04.149 data collected so pal could correlate his data very, very accurately, not 00:21:04.182 --> 00:21:08.570 only get the spot where they were on the river, but the spot where that 00:21:08.603 --> 00:21:14.969 other river joined it. Very important. Marsten trained is a naval officer. 00:21:15.002 --> 00:21:20.149 Should have learned how to use the Sexton do celestial navigation. Yet he 00:21:20.182 --> 00:21:26.620 says, Um, why why did Pal do this? But just why the view would have been 00:21:26.653 --> 00:21:30.199 any better here than elsewhere is not explained unless it was for 00:21:30.232 --> 00:21:34.870 publicity. In Marston's manuscript, he mentions how many times they 00:21:34.903 --> 00:21:38.870 deserve what they did. Fourth, that never says anything about what it 00:21:38.903 --> 00:21:44.130 meant. I think, er Marston having trained with the sex that so I steal 00:21:44.163 --> 00:21:50.730 navigation should have come up with some accurate figures. Um, the Navy 00:21:50.763 --> 00:21:55.720 had stopped for a few years teaching celestial navigation, but in two 00:21:55.753 --> 00:21:58.220 thousand fifteen they started again because they thought it was important 00:21:58.253 --> 00:22:04.440 , Um, that if the key computers went all the heck, that they should have 00:22:04.473 --> 00:22:08.680 some people that knew how to find where they were 00:22:08.713 --> 00:22:13.541 Here's, um where are we? Mouth of the San Juan River. They do get a 00:22:13.574 --> 00:22:17.031 latitude in. Those figures are in the book number two thirty seven degrees 00:22:17.064 --> 00:22:25.064 , eleven minutes forty seven seconds. They were only one minute off. 00:22:26.314 --> 00:22:29.710 When they get to the little Colorado River they get, Bradley says. They 00:22:29.743 --> 00:22:35.410 got latitude again, Uh, but the figure does not appear in any of the 00:22:35.443 --> 00:22:39.380 notebooks and journals. However, 00:22:39.413 --> 00:22:43.950 They know that when they are there, where they're going to end, the trip 00:22:43.983 --> 00:22:48.880 is due west from the Little Colorado River. They don't know what the 00:22:48.913 --> 00:22:52.730 river's going to do in between, but they know where they're going to end 00:22:52.763 --> 00:22:56.351 up. It's going to be at the same latitude, so Little Colorado River, 00:22:56.384 --> 00:23:00.841 thirty six eleven twenty eight call villa at the bottom. Where they're 00:23:00.874 --> 00:23:05.620 heading is five minutes difference. But they ended up at the Virgin River 00:23:05.653 --> 00:23:10.601 , which is three minutes difference from the little Colorado River. So 00:23:10.634 --> 00:23:13.781 they were pretty right on at that point, even though no numbers were 00:23:13.814 --> 00:23:15.930 listed. 00:23:15.963 --> 00:23:22.740 Um, Bradley talks about this spot there that if they keep going in that 00:23:22.773 --> 00:23:26.220 direction, they will be back to where they started. The river makes a big 00:23:26.253 --> 00:23:32.021 Ben and comes around hits to the Northeast. The red line is from where 00:23:32.054 --> 00:23:36.220 that observation was made up to Green River, where they started the trip. 00:23:36.253 --> 00:23:42.180 The green line on the right is along the course of the river. So the 00:23:42.213 --> 00:23:48.101 further you go north, the further off you are. But it's really there for a 00:23:48.134 --> 00:23:50.870 few months. For about five miles, they're heading back to Green River, 00:23:50.903 --> 00:23:53.807 Wyoming. 00:23:53.840 --> 00:23:57.507 There it is On the Belknap guide, that stretch of river with the red arrow 00:23:57.540 --> 00:24:02.507 heading to near Green River. Um, 00:24:02.540 --> 00:24:08.007 August twenty seventh. They take a observation from for altitude, but I 00:24:08.040 --> 00:24:15.418 mean for latitude, but no numbers. No, we didn't. No data reduction to 00:24:15.451 --> 00:24:20.428 show where they were. Longitude was important too. These three men trying 00:24:20.461 --> 00:24:24.678 to keep them on the river. Uh, the next observations. August twenty ninth. 00:24:24.711 --> 00:24:28.598 And only one more observation. September fourth at St George After they 00:24:28.631 --> 00:24:35.688 get off the river, uh, once again, no reductions. 00:24:35.721 --> 00:24:42.168 Pal called his method overland. Meandering reconnaissance, which is kind 00:24:42.201 --> 00:24:46.348 of like Dead Reckoning. And Della about the second trip confirms that, uh 00:24:46.381 --> 00:24:50.318 , where you take a compass reading and you estimate the distance you've 00:24:50.351 --> 00:24:55.088 traveled until the compass changes. Here's a set of flight, part of a 00:24:55.121 --> 00:24:59.928 flight mind map that shows the straight sections that airplane flies when 00:24:59.961 --> 00:25:07.037 it's taking photographs of the river along the course of the river. Um, 00:25:07.070 --> 00:25:11.047 Pell's trip had eighteen on eighteen seventy one had the eighteen sixty 00:25:11.080 --> 00:25:15.428 nine map with him. I don't know for sure if they went through Grand Canyon 00:25:15.461 --> 00:25:18.618 , but 00:25:18.651 --> 00:25:22.628 I had a little discussion with mapped or about that they definitely had 00:25:22.661 --> 00:25:28.287 the eighteen sixty nine map with him. No one's seen it since some feature 00:25:28.320 --> 00:25:32.118 there. There are data for the next trip. Eighteen, seventy one, seventy 00:25:32.151 --> 00:25:37.368 two. And, um, you know, a lot of conjecture goes in this a lot of 00:25:37.401 --> 00:25:41.727 speculation that pal started it. Ah, well, we make conjecture many things 00:25:41.760 --> 00:25:47.628 , so that's what I'm, uh, doing here. But pals most astute observation. 00:25:47.661 --> 00:25:52.757 And then I'LL finish it display for rare humor, pal. Right? Soon I see the 00:25:52.790 --> 00:25:58.773 cook. Billy Missouri roads, Hawkins down by the boat taking up the sexton 00:25:58.806 --> 00:26:02.912 rather a strange proceeding for him, and I questioned him concerning it. 00:26:02.945 --> 00:26:06.832 He replies that he is trying to find the latitude and longitude of the 00:26:06.865 --> 00:26:10.945 nearest pie. Thank you.