WEBVTT

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So today I'm gonna, um, talk about modern day mapping, mapping that's

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currently happening and a cup of out
of the hundreds of studies and

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mapping project sing I'm gonna
highlight to, um, one being aerial

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photography and the other being the
bath metric mapping were doing till

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track sediments down there are the the
effects of the dam on the

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settlement down their main primarily
san, um, these air big projects that

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involve hundreds of people in the end,
I am, I'm not. I guess I have the

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loudest mouth. So they put me up here
to talk about these things. But

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these projects are, uh, are, uh,
cooperative efforts. And even in the

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modern day, we think of them as
expeditions that involve a lot of people,

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a lot of effort. And I'm one of many
folks, um, that are involved in these.

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I could spend the whole time, uh,
thanking and recognizing the other

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people involved in this project. I'Ll
just move along

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go back,

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okay?

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And make a plug before I get started
to the Grand Canyon Monitoring and

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Research Center, the US Geological
Survey office that coordinates all the

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research and monitoring associated
with this program. They have a really

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nice website. They have all kinds of
information available online. The

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aerial photography is available
online. You can pull up pictures, current

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pictures from daily cameras. There's
they have, ah, searchable library

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that has a bunch of, uh, what we
called Brahe Literature. Bureau of

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Reclamation reports Park Service
reports that aren't necessarily peer

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reviewed. Journal articles are
available through their website, so I

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wanted to give a shout out, um, the
wrong way forward. You can also access

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all of the gauge data and plug in your
own dates and look at what the

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floes air doing at any one time. This
is, uh, January of this year. You

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could build your own chain settlement
mass balance things. So there's a

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lot, a lot of really good stuff that
that webs on that website. Um, so I

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want to start

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and I'm going to use this is the
discharge Haida graf from the least very

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gage. I just notice I forgot toe label
the Y Axis Parla. Apologies. This

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is, um, this tart tied a graft from
nineteen. Twenty two January of this

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year. This is in cubic feet per
second. This is the amount of water

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flowing past the least very gauge
shown in blue. And of course, it's

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pretty obvious where and when the dam
was closed, the the construction

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closure of the Glen Canyon Dam
eliminated the spring snowmelt flood peaks

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that you see here to the left of the
damn closure and replaced it with

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this this vastly different flow regime
that had some pretty significant

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impacts on the downstream environment
that lead to the the environmental

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impact statement on the effects of the
dam keep going the wrong way. After

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the dam was closed from nineteen sixty
three up until nineteen ninety, the

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the releases from the dam were
unrestricted that they had these daily

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fluctuations that were on Lee.
Concerned with generating power, they

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fluctuated from very low flows. One
thousand three thousand C. F s up to

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the maximum capacity of the of the
generators to thirty three thousand,

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which if you're running the river down
there, that's that. That could be

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up to a two to three meter tide coming
in every day. Those fluctuations

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caused a lot of erosion of the beaches
and lead to

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the

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that concern over all those effects
led to the development of the

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environmental impact statement.

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And in nineteen ninety, um, starts an
era of environmental management

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where, if you could see that the flows
are are, quite, uh, there's

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restrictions on how low you can go.
The ramping great how far you can go

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up and down with the river. And it's
it's within this environmental

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management era that I'm going to
highlight. Be mapping efforts for.

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There you go. So, yeah. So zoom in.
Zooming in. Uh, on this hydra graft

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from nineteen. Eighty to the present,
um, showing a couple administrative

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, uh, milestones. So the Glen Canyon
Dam environmental impact statement

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started nineteen. Ninety, nineteen
ninety two. Uh, Grand Canyon Protection

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Act was passed. The record of decision
took six years to make a decision

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on the thing. It was the longest, most
expensive environmental impact

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statement in the in the in the country
up to that date. Um and then in

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ninth in two thousand twelve, we
started this hft protocol. H f E stands

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for high flow events for

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controlled floods. Call it what you
want. Those air dam releases above

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power plant capacity and the intent
with these is to is to bring the damn

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up into is big of a flood. As you can
get in the post, Tamera,

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redistribute the sediment, rebuild the
eroded sandbars and also to

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introduce re introduce an element of
disturbance to the system. That and

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so starting in two thousand twelve,

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weigh in. Nineteen ninety six was the
first controlled flutter hft,

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and there were three of them done. And
there was quite an administrative

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battle to get those those floods
because they have to bypass the power

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plant. So there are a lot of people's
mind they're wasting, um, money by

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bypassing the power plant. Anyways, in
two thousand twelve, we've started

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this protocol where the floods air
triggered by settlement inputs from the

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tributaries. So it's, um it's not
quite as much of a struggle anymore. But

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these, uh, this the high flow protocol
led to or the development of the

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high profile flow protocol led to the
development of the channel mapping

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program that I'm going to talk about
it in a little bit here, um, going

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the wrong way. So here's the mapping
efforts. A timeline of the mapping

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efforts I'm going to talk about today.
First, the Aero Photography Canyon

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wide aerial photographs were collected
in two thousand to two thousand

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nine and two thousand thirteen, and in
two thousand nine we started this

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channel mapping effort on DH. Continue
that to this day. I still got some

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work left to do.

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Of course, all of the survey effort
efforts down there we've heard about

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the benchmarks being developed by the
Mathis surveys and Washburn out and

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his points helicopter to his points.
Good times for surveyors when you you

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get a helicopter ride. Um, also all of
the studies down there, um, are

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based on this control network of
benchmarks. They provide a common data

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for all the monitoring projects down
there. There's over fifteen hundred

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benchmarks along the river corridor.
There's a bunch of them scattered

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about the region up on the rims. They
all have G N s s, which is the new

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term for GPS. GPS is the U. S.
Satellite constellation. There's a GLONASS

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constellation. There's EUROSEC
referred to his G N SS now, and total

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station measurements there adjusted
and a least squares adjustment

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framework to provide subs. Mostly sub
sentiment. Our accuracy on each one

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of those points down there. Some of
them Well, we don't need to go. Um, so

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we use the Arizona State Plain,
Central zone in meters, uh, with, uh, Nat

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eighty three lip. Side heights is our
projection. So everything out of the

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program comes in this in this, uh,
geodetic dedic parameters. We do run

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into some issues. Well, I don't have
time to go into it. I want to want to

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get onto the actual mapping project.
But we would really like to form our

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own projected in the Canyon with the
Central Meridian something like this

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, so we could get away from the
distortion of things out to the side of

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the projection.

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I had to throw that in for the survey.
Bro's over there.

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So here's a Here's a map of those
control points again. Different

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projection. If we zoom in on the point
hands Borough region, you can see

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these points down along the river.
They're everywhere down there. And this

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box here is where we're going to go to
next. Have a lot of examples today

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from the Eminence area is one of my
favorite places in the world. Andi. So

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when I get to make example map so
usually make him of that area. So here's

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this is the two thousand nine digital
photograph, um, and showing the

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control points down down along the
rivers and you can see that you can.

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You go down there to serve a. You've
got a lot of options for benchmarks

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in this particular place, which is
kind of nice. They're not not not as,

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uh, numerous everywhere, but down
here, they're in this area. There's

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quite a few of them. These benchmarks
along the river are typically

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described X is theirs? A lot of the
old survey marks? Are these rusty

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nails, um, bolt the newer marks or
these brass pins that we set in in the

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holes? There's there's occasional caps
you confined and up on the rim

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There, the monuments are a little
easier to find. Sometimes looking for

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the scribe Dex is on Iraq can be quite
a challenge.

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And to do the surveying down there, we
used these benchmarks. We set up

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all our instruments on these
benchmarks and utilize them, Tio provide a

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common reference frame for all the
mapping.

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No. So, of course, some benchmarks are
better than others. And sometimes

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with this data, that's line of its
line of sight data. You've got to put

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the gun where you can where you need
to see if you get stuck on a rock in

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the middle of the river. They're worse
fates. So onto the aerial

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photography.

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So again, missions were flown in two
thousand to two thousand nine. Two

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thousand thirteen. Using these fancy
German push broom sensors collected

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digital four band red, green, blue and
near infrared data. The product is

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is it's a digital ortho photograph
using this tiling scheme, uh, quarter

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quads tiling scheme that you can just
pull in to it, G I s or what?

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Whatever system you want and make your
own river maps, if you'd like.

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There are twenty centimeter ground
revel resolution. And they also come

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with a digital surface model product.
That's photograph dramatically

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derived from the from the air, photos
with a one meter self resolution.

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This. These photographs are just
primarily of the river corridor about a

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half a kilometre So wide part of the
river corridor. Um, here's the flight

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plan flight path. Zoom in on the
Little Colorado confluence. Um, each

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segment is flown with five to six
parallel linear flight lines that

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overlap, so there's quite a bit of
flying happening out there. Um, this is

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a discharge. Hide a graph to show that
the photographs are collected at a

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constant flow released from the dam of
eight thousand C. F s. There's

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three line the Lee's ferry gauges in
the dark line here these air Grand

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Canyon and the diamond. So the flight
window starts when the flow gets

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down to eight thousand. So you have a
consistent level of the water in the

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photographs. As much as we can control
that during the missions we use, we

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have a lot of ground support
operations, each one of these bent benchmarks

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on the rim. We have two benchmarks at
least two, usually three to four

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stations within thirty kilometers of
the collection area, with a GPS NSS

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base station collecting one second
data. There's a helicopter flying out

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here, Tio, we download those
receivers. Helicopter grabs that data and

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grabs the data from the airplane
processes that night. If there's any

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issues than we go and re fly that data
just to ensure the the quality of

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this data collection, we also put over
one hundred. Over one hundred

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panels are down there on a bench marks
along the river. We put these one

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meter square panels in there, too. Uh,
help with the rectification of the

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photos and provide horizontal and
vertical, um, ground control.

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If we go back to the eminence area and
zoom in on this red box, you can

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see one of those photo panels in the
two thousand nine photos right up

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there. There's photo panel on a point.

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In addition to the photo panels, we
also collect topographic data down

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there to check the ramifications that
air done. So we have thousands of

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points down along the river that we
usedto check the vendor and provide

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control on our on the digital surface
model. Here's an example of that one

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meter sell digital surface model
showing that's not that's is actually a

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rockfall, not a debris fall. This is
that one that's right up above

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between Buck Farm and, uh, forty three
mile. If you're familiar with the

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place, um, photo and tooth out our
digital surface model in two thousand

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nine and in two thousand three, you
can actually see up here where there's

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a little piece in the shadow here that
peeled off and went all the way

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down into the river. So, yeah, so
here's the This little chunk up here

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fell off into the river, So that's an
example of the, uh, real nice

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resolution on that and these these
voters are being used like Carl said,

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Carlston said the other day. These,
uh, the topography that's collected

00:15:41.770 --> 00:15:48.857
down there starts this process of, um,
the idea's explode around this

00:15:48.890 --> 00:15:56.678
topography, and these in the the same
is true for the photography. So we

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use these. A number of studies use.
Um, this is an example of campsite

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mapping used. There's the near
infrared for the for the vegetation, a lot

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of vegetation Surveys used this aerial
photography to map out the plant

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species down there in different zones
around the river. This is a real

00:16:15.774 --> 00:16:22.410
neat one by Bedford at all recently
that looks at the Tamarisk Beetle

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impact, and they used this automated
classifications scheme to come up

00:16:28.214 --> 00:16:36.000
with percentage of beetle impacted
areas for the whole canyon.

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So that's it for the for the aerial
photography. I wanna move now onto

00:16:40.153 --> 00:16:44.221
this channel mapping project we use.
This is a digital elevation model, a

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quarter meter resolution elevation
model of a piece of the channel down

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there. This is about three hundred
meters long. Um, the purpose of this

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mapping is to monitor the sediment,
um, and construct these morphological

00:17:00.583 --> 00:17:03.931
based sediment budgets.

00:17:03.964 --> 00:17:11.630
Along with that is a basic topographic
mapping of a blank area on the map

00:17:11.663 --> 00:17:15.480
in Grand Canyon. So to this day,
there's blank areas on the map that were

00:17:15.513 --> 00:17:20.331
still filling it. We're still standing
on the shoulders of those giants

00:17:20.364 --> 00:17:24.920
that we've heard about all day where
all the last couple days, um, we've

00:17:24.953 --> 00:17:30.311
got this is a map showing the amount
we've mapped from the Glen Canyon Dam

00:17:30.344 --> 00:17:35.611
down to Phantom Ranch and from
National Canyon down to Diamond Creek,

00:17:35.644 --> 00:17:39.470
about one hundred sixty miles of
channel, we have mapped we've got about

00:17:39.503 --> 00:17:44.980
seventy miles to go to complete a map
of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado

00:17:45.013 --> 00:17:50.271
River in the canyon. The way we
construct these maps As we combine on the

00:17:50.304 --> 00:17:53.970
right side, you'LL see the different
data collect three different types of

00:17:54.003 --> 00:18:01.130
data we've collected. Teo produce thes
one meter grid cell evolution

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resolution maps of the channel. We
start by doing total station surveys

00:18:08.003 --> 00:18:14.372
above the water and in places, shallow
areas where the boats can't get

00:18:14.405 --> 00:18:18.453
those air shown in red on the upper
map. Here there's a spread of points

00:18:18.486 --> 00:18:23.372
again in the eminence area. Andi, we
combined Those with sonar surveys

00:18:23.405 --> 00:18:28.983
sounded navigation ranging, um, and we
have two different types of sonar

00:18:29.016 --> 00:18:34.223
down there. We use single beam shown
in yellow on the upper map and multi

00:18:34.256 --> 00:18:40.322
beam serving, which comprises about
eighty five percent of the area of

00:18:40.355 --> 00:18:47.332
these surveys, which is a it's swath
serving. It puts out of one hundred

00:18:47.365 --> 00:18:51.392
forty degree sloth under the boat, and
you drive up and down the channel

00:18:51.425 --> 00:18:56.422
to map that we've got these special
purpose built boats that have to

00:18:56.455 --> 00:19:03.223
navigate the rapids and keep all the
electronic safe. Um, great to see

00:19:03.256 --> 00:19:07.132
Mark Gonzalez here. We started working
and he started developing these

00:19:07.165 --> 00:19:12.693
boats back in the early two
thousand's. We've continued his legacy and

00:19:12.726 --> 00:19:17.723
kept up with the technology. This is
an example of tape of doing a survey.

00:19:17.756 --> 00:19:21.622
Here's the survey Consuls to screen.
You have the sonar wedge on this

00:19:21.655 --> 00:19:27.182
side navigation screen, and here's an
example. This is during a survey.

00:19:27.215 --> 00:19:33.553
It's about four meters deep, and
here's the boat in the white area is the

00:19:33.586 --> 00:19:39.852
area that's unmapped, and we are
literally filling in those blank areas.

00:19:39.885 --> 00:19:45.563
It's like driving a Zamboni. Err
driving you dry your most. You're out

00:19:45.596 --> 00:19:50.912
there mowing the grass, and you better
not leave any strips in between.

00:19:50.945 --> 00:19:55.342
And it's it's It's an amazing job.
We're very lucky to do it. Here's an

00:19:55.375 --> 00:20:01.943
example from Glad you showed that Cave
Springs the bird's eye expedition

00:20:01.976 --> 00:20:06.213
Having a bad day right at the top of
Cave Spring's Here, This is this Is

00:20:06.246 --> 00:20:10.793
that these air? The track lines of the
boat used to collect the topography

00:20:10.826 --> 00:20:14.842
in this pool. Pretty cool pool down
below cave spring. There's a big red

00:20:14.875 --> 00:20:18.322
wall ledge there. This is one of the
deeper holes about twenty four meters

00:20:18.355 --> 00:20:26.080
deep there, Um, of course, we use
these to to map changes and sediment and

00:20:26.113 --> 00:20:31.390
produce change maps and look at the
dynamics of how the settlements moving

00:20:31.423 --> 00:20:35.689
around down here again. The Eminence
Poole. This is the survey in two

00:20:35.722 --> 00:20:41.540
thousand nine. This is two thousand
twelve. You just simply subtract those

00:20:41.573 --> 00:20:45.640
two digital elevation models and you
come up with these change maps that

00:20:45.673 --> 00:20:51.830
show you where the sand is being
eroded, where it's being deposited and

00:20:51.863 --> 00:20:56.110
you scale these surveys up. Tio thirty
mile stretch is Here's that

00:20:56.143 --> 00:21:02.989
eminence pool here, um, and come up
with these assessments of sediment. So

00:21:03.022 --> 00:21:08.009
again, we've we've got one hundred
sixty miles mapped, Uh, in two thousand

00:21:08.042 --> 00:21:13.140
nine and two thousand twelve, we
repeated this section and Lower Marble

00:21:13.173 --> 00:21:18.729
Canyon two thousand eleven. In two
thousand fourteen, we repeated the

00:21:18.762 --> 00:21:22.749
section from the Little Colorado River
down the Phantom Ranch. We did a

00:21:22.782 --> 00:21:26.810
really fun survey up in Glen Canyon,
the fifteen miles from the dam down

00:21:26.843 --> 00:21:32.390
the least ferry on the controlled
flood in two thousand fourteen. It's

00:21:32.423 --> 00:21:36.149
very shallow up there. So they when
they released that high flow, we

00:21:36.182 --> 00:21:41.179
jumped on the opportunity to get a
little depth under our transducers. Two

00:21:41.212 --> 00:21:46.239
thousand thirteen two thousand
sixteen. We repeated Lee's ferry, too, uh,

00:21:46.272 --> 00:21:50.360
thirty Mile Gage, and in two thousand
seventeen, we went from national

00:21:50.393 --> 00:21:55.219
down to diamond cream

00:21:55.252 --> 00:22:00.320
This is a slide that answers the age
old question. How deep is the river?

00:22:00.353 --> 00:22:07.709
This is the over eight and a half
million cells of the one meter digital

00:22:07.742 --> 00:22:14.380
elevation model's the depth of the
river at eight thousand. Um, the red

00:22:14.413 --> 00:22:20.099
line is a normalized, a normal
population. So somebody asked you how deep

00:22:20.132 --> 00:22:25.978
the river is and say about five
meters, five, six meters. Um, so we could

00:22:26.011 --> 00:22:30.518
do things like like this to
characterize the channel with what the depths

00:22:30.551 --> 00:22:34.668
are of the channel we can look at. How
the channel. This is a graph

00:22:34.701 --> 00:22:39.748
showing the large scale control of the
river level. Geology blue is the

00:22:39.781 --> 00:22:46.258
average river depth per mile. Green is
the river wit, and sure enough,

00:22:46.291 --> 00:22:53.978
when the rivers wider, it's shallower
when the river's narrow wave can

00:22:54.011 --> 00:22:57.958
statistically proven.

00:22:57.991 --> 00:23:04.589
What we already know, that the channel
is deeper towards the middle and

00:23:04.622 --> 00:23:10.278
it's shallower towards either side.

00:23:10.311 --> 00:23:15.649
To get a long time to get there. I'Ll
just keep going here, and we can

00:23:15.682 --> 00:23:19.438
answer all kinds of questions about
the movement of the sediment in the

00:23:19.471 --> 00:23:23.149
effects of the dam on the sediment.
I'm not going to go through These is

00:23:23.182 --> 00:23:27.668
their examples of what we could do
with the data. Another data set that we

00:23:27.701 --> 00:23:34.238
, uh, collect along with the depths is
called backscatter. Um, and this is

00:23:34.271 --> 00:23:39.319
so this is what the multi beam
receivers listening to it's like it makes a

00:23:39.352 --> 00:23:45.559
ping listening. Listening ping. That's
the bottom you can take the back

00:23:45.592 --> 00:23:50.508
scatter is the analysis of this return
signal that the amplitude in the

00:23:50.541 --> 00:23:56.379
shape of that on here's a map of it on
a perspective. You,

00:23:56.412 --> 00:24:04.412
the the substrate that the sound
bounces off of has a different shape,

00:24:05.021 --> 00:24:08.478
depending on whether it's mud, whether
it's sand with earth rocks, so you

00:24:08.511 --> 00:24:14.649
can analyze that return signal or the
backscatter and come up with maps of

00:24:14.682 --> 00:24:18.748
what the substrate type is. So for all
the mapping down there, we have the

00:24:18.781 --> 00:24:22.228
topography and way Have

00:24:22.261 --> 00:24:27.918
a map of what the substrate is based
on that backscatter signal, Um, we've

00:24:27.951 --> 00:24:31.889
done this Also, this is an example
from Glen Canyon, where it's very

00:24:31.922 --> 00:24:38.829
vegetated. These air, um, camera
locations that we've taken observations

00:24:38.862 --> 00:24:44.619
of. We've done the veg, the
classifications from the back scatter and the

00:24:44.652 --> 00:24:49.968
match of the actual ground. Truth to
this, uh, backscatter mapping is

00:24:50.001 --> 00:24:55.599
about eighty five ninety percent. So
it's it's pretty amazing. My

00:24:55.632 --> 00:25:02.089
colleague Dan bus come is really good
at processing signal. Um, another

00:25:02.122 --> 00:25:06.839
real fund study we did was down a
Diamond Creek way. Did some repeat

00:25:06.872 --> 00:25:13.369
mapping of this section to look at,
um, how much settlement is transported

00:25:13.402 --> 00:25:18.159
along the bed of the river, not just
in the water column. So we repeated

00:25:18.192 --> 00:25:24.238
these surveys, and we've made a video
of this. Each frame of this video is

00:25:24.271 --> 00:25:28.178
a pass of the multi beam

00:25:28.211 --> 00:25:31.228
I actually worked for a Grand Canyon.
One research center right out of

00:25:31.261 --> 00:25:35.448
school. So I took the cable car.

00:25:35.481 --> 00:25:39.649
Don't create many, many times, uh,
collecting suspended sentiment in bed

00:25:39.682 --> 00:25:44.569
material samples. But I have two
simple questions. Where does the funding

00:25:44.602 --> 00:25:51.079
come from? What's the end goal?

00:25:51.112 --> 00:25:57.458
Uh, you have two questions. One's easy
to answer, once filled, trickier.

00:25:57.491 --> 00:26:02.178
The this program is funded. It's
called the Glen Canyon Dam Environ

00:26:02.211 --> 00:26:05.879
Adaptive Management Program.

00:26:05.912 --> 00:26:10.379
Are the funds come from?

00:26:10.412 --> 00:26:13.909
Well, they just changed. Last. You
might have heard in the in October.

00:26:13.942 --> 00:26:20.788
There was Cem, uh, the current
administration.

00:26:20.821 --> 00:26:25.839
Did not allow power revenues from the
dam to be transferred to the bureau

00:26:25.872 --> 00:26:29.693
for their environmental program, EMS.

00:26:29.726 --> 00:26:34.582
So previous to this year, the money
came from power revenues at the dam

00:26:34.615 --> 00:26:39.852
when this kerfuffle came along. The
funding now comes from appropriated

00:26:39.885 --> 00:26:44.803
funds. Senator, There's couple
senators that attached a rider to a bill

00:26:44.836 --> 00:26:51.672
toe, um, provide the funding to the
Bureau of Reclamation. For

00:26:51.705 --> 00:26:56.773
there's two or three upper Colorado
River Basin endangered species

00:26:56.806 --> 00:27:03.003
recovery programs, the Glen Canyon
Dam, the Grand Canyon program. And

00:27:03.036 --> 00:27:05.612
there's a couple other projects, and
there's twenty three million dollars

00:27:05.645 --> 00:27:10.263
a year. The Glen Canyon Dam
Environmental Studies is a, UH, eleven million

00:27:10.296 --> 00:27:16.072
dollars a year program.

00:27:16.105 --> 00:27:21.503
Uh, and the Grand Canyon Protection
Act as well. So yeah, and there's a

00:27:21.536 --> 00:27:26.733
lot of fisheries work going on down
there that, uh, endangered species

00:27:26.766 --> 00:27:32.303
work. The Grand Canyon Protection Act
is a much broader piece of

00:27:32.336 --> 00:27:37.773
legislation specifically for Grand
Canyon that says they have to operate

00:27:37.806 --> 00:27:43.102
the dam with the downstream
environment in mind. So there's sediment

00:27:43.135 --> 00:27:49.443
studies. There's studies of impacts to
cultural, um, programs, native fish

00:27:49.476 --> 00:27:52.342
,

00:27:52.375 --> 00:27:57.483
a lot of different studies going on
down there with the end goal of trying

00:27:57.516 --> 00:28:05.516
to managed the dam to mitigate and the
effects of the dam on the

00:28:05.536 --> 00:28:09.832
downstream environment.

00:28:09.865 --> 00:28:14.122
Okay? Just you raised my curiosity
when you started talking about Sloan

00:28:14.155 --> 00:28:18.543
arm in nineteen. Fifty nine. There was
a couple of boats sunk

00:28:18.576 --> 00:28:23.743
intentionally. Pipes Creek, then never
is a plane crash up river that

00:28:23.776 --> 00:28:31.776
augured in. Do you find things other
than settlement?

00:28:32.031 --> 00:28:34.559
No.

00:28:34.592 --> 00:28:39.978
Is this short? Well, we haven't found
any planes. We haven't found any. We

00:28:40.011 --> 00:28:46.649
have found some tires right downstream
from Lee's ferry. We also found I

00:28:46.682 --> 00:28:50.788
think we did that survey. We saw a
motor on the bed of the river. The

00:28:50.821 --> 00:28:54.668
Revolution resolution of the of the
sonar is good enough to find it, but I

00:28:54.701 --> 00:28:58.569
don't think that stuff stays. Stays
around for very long, though. These

00:28:58.602 --> 00:29:01.649
were fiberglass boats and the plane
was melas. Just curious, because I

00:29:01.682 --> 00:29:05.998
know we haven't seen it. We don't
serve a in the rapids. Also was another

00:29:06.031 --> 00:29:11.018
point. Those sensors that air in the
water pretty expensive. So we picked

00:29:11.051 --> 00:29:13.839
him up out of the water. Well, just a
heads up. If you happen to notice,

00:29:13.872 --> 00:29:19.099
these anomalies are probably excite
You. Okay, Thanks. We'LL look for him.

00:29:19.132 --> 00:29:23.418
Okay, We've got time for one more
question. One more question you had.

00:29:23.451 --> 00:29:27.428
Sounds like this is classic mapping at
its finest. Can you give us an

00:29:27.461 --> 00:29:34.768
insight going forward with some of the
like planet labs? Say the Landsat

00:29:34.801 --> 00:29:39.849
satellites, the European satellites,
the rule Maybe that drones will play

00:29:39.882 --> 00:29:46.168
with regard to, you know, high
resolution light are and so forth. I mean,

00:29:46.201 --> 00:29:50.299
how will that technology impact our
knowledge to expand on what you've

00:29:50.332 --> 00:29:57.228
done? Well, that we've tried to get
some drone flights down there. Uh,

00:29:57.261 --> 00:30:03.278
drone fights are not allowed in the
national park at this moment, but

00:30:03.311 --> 00:30:08.629
certainly were looking. Teo, apply
that technology.

00:30:08.662 --> 00:30:11.698
To the canyon environment.

00:30:11.731 --> 00:30:16.928
We're getting to a point where you
have to ask yourself how How much do

00:30:16.961 --> 00:30:21.538
you know? How far do you want to zoom
into that topography? Like we could

00:30:21.571 --> 00:30:27.938
do light our overflights. You Khun Dio
structure from motion. Uh,

00:30:27.971 --> 00:30:32.629
extraction of topography from
overlapping aero photos from drones. You

00:30:32.662 --> 00:30:37.549
could map things, Teo. You could get,
like, one centimeter contour lines

00:30:37.582 --> 00:30:42.268
on some of these places that the
question is, why Why would you want to

00:30:42.301 --> 00:30:48.079
know that? Um, but certainly we're
looking at applying at these new

00:30:48.112 --> 00:30:53.218
technology. Not sure about any of the
land set Aerial photography? Uh,

00:30:53.251 --> 00:30:58.178
yeah, the satellite based photo
missions. I know they're out there, but we

00:30:58.211 --> 00:31:02.288
haven't used him. I think we're going
to schedule another overflight of

00:31:02.321 --> 00:31:05.978
the river court are here in the next
couple years that we can use to

00:31:06.011 --> 00:31:10.918
further our understanding of and
monitoring of the changes down,

00:31:10.951 --> 00:31:14.238
especially in the vegetation. But
we're skipping skipping the video

00:31:14.271 --> 00:31:17.399
because I think that's what crashed
it. But I had some slight after that

00:31:17.432 --> 00:31:21.329
that I want to share with you. Just
like five minutes, maybe less. You

00:31:21.362 --> 00:31:26.418
guys call it that. All right,

00:31:26.451 --> 00:31:32.619
Thanks, Matt. Nick and Matt, the real
real driver behind things here. Yeah

00:31:32.652 --> 00:31:37.778
, keep going for indulging me, But I
have I ended the slide with sort of a

00:31:37.811 --> 00:31:42.329
tour of some images of the surveys
from the damn downstream. There's, I

00:31:42.362 --> 00:31:45.099
think, five or six of them that I
wanted to share with you because either

00:31:45.132 --> 00:31:49.738
these air areas that have never been
mapped until now and it's a Grand

00:31:49.771 --> 00:31:52.928
Canyon mapping conference and I wanted
to share that with you. Yeah, right

00:31:52.961 --> 00:32:00.961
there. Yep, that's it.

00:32:02.902 --> 00:32:08.129
So obviously starting at the dam.
That's what the better the river looks

00:32:08.162 --> 00:32:11.738
like right under the dam. And I got to
tell you, it was an amazing

00:32:11.771 --> 00:32:18.748
experience coming up right next to the
damn. I had a sticker in my hand

00:32:18.781 --> 00:32:25.018
ready, but we never got that close.
But it was. It is a weird sensation

00:32:25.051 --> 00:32:29.958
right there. Things air humming and
moving. Anyways, that's the, uh, all

00:32:29.991 --> 00:32:33.889
of these air digital elevation models
with have a bunch of different

00:32:33.922 --> 00:32:37.418
shading techniques. But I think you
get the gist that, you know, that's

00:32:37.451 --> 00:32:41.238
deep. That's shallow. Um,

00:32:41.271 --> 00:32:46.799
this is I'm glad Robert showed the
picture of the bridge. This is the

00:32:46.832 --> 00:32:50.609
Marble canyon bridges, the old bridge.
Here's the new one. I over laid the

00:32:50.642 --> 00:32:56.139
topography. This is typically rapids
in the Grand Canyon. All of them are

00:32:56.172 --> 00:33:01.738
formed at tributary side canyons,
where the side canyons debris flows,

00:33:01.771 --> 00:33:06.599
deliver a bunch of coarse grained
sediment to it to the river that pinches

00:33:06.632 --> 00:33:13.339
the river, informs rapids and riffles.
This is the on ly man made riffle

00:33:13.372 --> 00:33:19.438
their debris flow in Grand Canyon
right under the bridge. Um, probably

00:33:19.471 --> 00:33:25.599
partially due to construction of the
bridge and partially do Teo, the

00:33:25.632 --> 00:33:29.268
sport of

00:33:29.301 --> 00:33:34.738
post dam construction's going out
anyways. We don't know why it's there,

00:33:34.771 --> 00:33:38.659
but it's definitely manmade. Um, and
there's a deep, deep pool below the

00:33:38.692 --> 00:33:43.329
other bridge. This is Thies Air. This
is a twenty five centimetre

00:33:43.362 --> 00:33:48.809
resolution digital elevation model of
right above Badger Rapid is right

00:33:48.842 --> 00:33:55.238
here and these air these beautiful
dune field above badger wrap it.

00:33:55.271 --> 00:34:00.859
Uh, this is, uh, the Saddle Canyon
camps. The main saddle campus here.

00:34:00.892 --> 00:34:05.248
There's an Eddie here. You can see the
amazing dune structure within

00:34:05.281 --> 00:34:10.039
eddies and the dunes in the
downstream. In the run out, you go past the

00:34:10.072 --> 00:34:17.059
sandbar. Um, this is an example of a
sixty mile of the changes that can

00:34:17.092 --> 00:34:21.979
occur. The beautiful changes these air
to Pete's ledges here. Um, and this

00:34:22.012 --> 00:34:27.189
was two thousand thirteen, two
thousand fourteen survey. Um, there there

00:34:27.222 --> 00:34:31.664
are. There's up to about three or four
meters of change in the Eddie over

00:34:31.697 --> 00:34:39.084
here over that year. Time. Um, this
is, uh, here's Phantom Ranch. Is the

00:34:39.117 --> 00:34:42.914
South Kaibab Trail coming in over.
Laid on the south cab bridge, The boat

00:34:42.947 --> 00:34:47.724
beach. This is the lower cremation
camp. If you're familiar with it, this

00:34:47.757 --> 00:34:52.604
is the deepest point that we've
surveyed so far. It's twenty six meters

00:34:52.637 --> 00:34:58.963
deep at eight thousand cubic feet per
second. So with that seventy miles

00:34:58.996 --> 00:35:05.553
that we have left, I'm sure there's
Cem pools that are of this magnitude,

00:35:05.586 --> 00:35:12.284
but so that the deepest the how deep
is the river. It's averages about

00:35:12.317 --> 00:35:15.784
five to six meters deep. The deepest
holes about twenty six about a

00:35:15.817 --> 00:35:20.474
hundred feet deep. So, um, can't wait
to get down there and get the rest

00:35:20.507 --> 00:35:26.503
of them surveyed. So we have a full a
mix of it. This is I really love

00:35:26.536 --> 00:35:30.613
this. This one I put it in because it
shows the these air ledges of bright

00:35:30.646 --> 00:35:36.403
angel sandstone. This is at mile one
seventy one. This is the Stairway

00:35:36.436 --> 00:35:41.273
Canyon debris fan, and this is Mohawk
Canyon down here. Just some

00:35:41.306 --> 00:35:47.334
beautiful structure in the in the
dunes and resolution on the the ledges.

00:35:47.367 --> 00:35:52.653
And finally, I believe this is the
final one. This is, uh this is the map

00:35:52.686 --> 00:35:57.994
right there, showing this almost
perfectly circular bow shock around

00:35:58.027 --> 00:36:04.744
Vulcans. Anvil. That's the Vulcan
anvil right there. And, uh, there's just

00:36:04.777 --> 00:36:10.903
this big circle around. I thought that
was pretty neat. And so that's what

00:36:10.936 --> 00:36:13.664
I wanted to share what they had.
Thanks for indulging me, Nick and Matt

00:36:13.697 --> 00:36:18.286
and Matt for bringing this back up.
Thanks. You guys have a greatlunch