May 2023 2023 Air Monitoring Network Plan Maricopa County Air Quality Department Air Monitoring Division Contents 2023 AIRMONITORING NETWORK PLAN DRAFT 1 LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................3 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................4 ABSTRACT 5 NETWORK MODIFICATIONS AND SITE UPDATES .........................................................................5 Summary of Past Network Modifications and Site Updates ............................................... 5 Proposed Network Modifications and Site Updates ........................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION 7 CLEAN AIR ACT AND CRITERIA POLLUTANTS ............................................................................10 THE NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ...................................................................10 FORECASTING AND REPORTING AIR QUALITY CONDITIONS ...........................................................12 Air Quality Forecasting ...................................................................................................12 The EPA Air Quality Index and NowCast ..........................................................................12 The Maricopa County Interactive Air Quality Map ............................................................14 INFORMATION REGARDING COMPLIANCE OF CRITERIA POLLUTANTS 16 Carbon Monoxide (CO) ...................................................................................................16 Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) with Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) as the Indicator Compound ................16 Ozone (O3) .....................................................................................................................16 Particulate Matter (PM) ..................................................................................................16 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) .......................................................................................................16 Lead (Pb) .......................................................................................................................16 AIR MONITORING STRATEGIES AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM DESIGN 17 OVERVIEW OF AIR MONITORING REQUIREMENTS AND SYSTEM DESIGN ............................................17 Basic Air Monitoring Objectives ......................................................................................18 Monitor Types................................................................................................................18 Site Types .....................................................................................................................19 Monitoring Scales (Spatial Scales of Representativeness) ...............................................20 Overview of the Air Monitoring Sites ...............................................................................21 SUMMARY OF NETWORK RESULTS AND REQUIRED INFORMATION 22 Determining Data Quality and Acceptability .....................................................................22 Data Completeness ........................................................................................................22 SUMMARY OF 2022 CRITERIA POLLUTANT DATA 24 CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) ....................................................................................................24 NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2) ....................................................................................................25 OZONE (O3) ......................................................................................................................27 PARTICULATE MATTER ≤10 MICROMETERS (PM10) ...................................................................31 PARTICULATE MATTER ≤2.5 MICROMETERS (PM2.5) .................................................................33 SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2)........................................................................................................38 SUMMARY OF 2022 CRITERIA POLLUTANT NAAQS STATUS 41 2022 O3 EXCEEDANCE, VIOLATION, AND EXCEPTIONAL EVENT INFORMATION ...................................42 O3 NAAQS Exceedances .................................................................................................42 O3 Exceptional Events and Status of EPA Concurrence.....................................................42 2022 PM10 EXCEEDANCE, VIOLATION, AND EXCEPTIONAL EVENT INFORMATION ...............................46 PM10 NAAQS Exceedances .............................................................................................46 2022 PM2.5 EXCEEDANCE, VIOLATION, AND EXCEPTIONAL EVENT INFORMATION ..............................49 PM2.5 Annual NAAQS Exceedance and Violation Status....................................................49 PM2.5 24-Hour NAAQS Exceedance and Violation Status .................................................49 PM2.5 Exceptional Events and Status of EPA Concurrence ................................................49 Shared Air Monitoring Responsibilities ...........................................................................50 Information Regarding Additional Air Monitoring within Maricopa County ........................50 REFERENCES 51 APPENDIX I - AIR MONITORING DATA BY SITE 52 APPENDIX II - DISCONTINUATION OF THE THIRTY- THIRD SITE PM2.5 MONITOR 132 APPENDIX III - PUBLIC NOTICE AND COMMENT INFORMATION 173 APPENDIX IV – GLOSSARY 177 List of Tables Table 1 Summary of Past Network Modifications and Site Updates ...................................... 5 Table 2 Projects Planned for 2023 ........................................................................................................ 6 Table 3 MCAQD Air Monitoring Instruments by Site ..................................................................... 9 Table 4 National Ambient Air Quality Standards ........................................................................... 11 Table 5 Basic SLAMS Air Monitoring Objectives .......................................................................... 18 Table 6 Monitor Types*............................................................................................................................ 19 Table 7 Spatial Scales of Representativeness ............................................................................... 20 Table 8 2022 Criteria Pollutant Data Completeness for SLAMS ............................................ 23 Table 9 2022 CO Average Data Summary ........................................................................................ 25 Table 10 2022 CO Monitor Requirements ........................................................................................ 25 Table 11 2022 NO2 1-hour Data Summary ....................................................................................... 27 Table 12 2022 NO2 Monitor Requirements ...................................................................................... 27 Table 13 132022 O3 Eight-hour Average Summary ..................................................................... 29 Table 14 2022 O3 Monitor Requirements ......................................................................................... 30 Table 15 2022 PM10 24-Hour Data Summary Including EE Data ............................................ 32 Table 16 2022 PM10 Monitor Requirements.................................................................................... 33 Table 17 2022 PM2.5 24-Hour and Annual Averages................................................................... 35 Table 18 PM2.5 3-Year Annual Averages .......................................................................................... 36 Table 19 PM2.5 3-Year 24-Hour Averages of the 98th Percentile ......................................... 37 Table 20 2022 PM2.5 Data Required by EPA .................................................................................... 38 Table 21 2022 SO2 Data Summary ...................................................................................................... 40 Table 22 2022 SO2 Monitor Requirements ...................................................................................... 40 Table 23 2022 NAAQS Exceedances and Violation Summary ................................................. 41 Table 24 2022 Violations of the PM10 24-Hour NAAQS Including EE Data ........................ 47 Table 25 2022 Violations of the PM10 NAAQS Excluding Data Flagged as an EE ............ 48 Table 26 2022 Open Forum Meeting Attendees .......................................................................... 175 List of Figures Figure 1 2022 Maricopa County Air Monitoring Sites ................................................ 8 Figure 2 The Air Quality Index. ................................................................................13 Figure 3 AirNow Web Maps .....................................................................................14 Figure 4 MCAQD Air Quality Status Map ..................................................................15 Figure 5 2022 CO Monitoring Sites .........................................................................24 Figure 6 2022 NO2 Monitoring Sites ........................................................................26 Figure 7 2022 O3 Monitoring Sites ..........................................................................28 Figure 8 2022 PM10 Monitoring Sites ......................................................................31 Figure 9 2022 PM2.5 Monitoring Sites......................................................................34 Figure 10 2022 SO2 Monitoring Sites ......................................................................39 Figure 11 Ozone Exceedance Days ..........................................................................43 Figure 12 2022 O3 NAAQS Violations by Site Including Exceptional Event ................44 Figure 13 2022 O3 NAAQS Violations by Site Excluding Exceptional Events ..............45 Figure 14 2022 PM10 Exceedance Days ...................................................................46 Figure 15 2022 PM2.5 Exceedance Days ..................................................................49 ABSTRACT In 2022, the Maricopa County Air Quality Department (MCAQD) Air Monitoring Division successfully operated a robust air quality surveillance system that monitored for regulated ambient air pollutants as per 40 CFR Parts 50 and 58. The air monitoring data produced are intended for regulatory compliance determinations of criteria air pollutants. Unless otherwise noted, each monitor meets the requirements of 40 CFR Part 58 – Subpart G - Appendices A, B, C, D, and E, where applicable. The MCAQD strives to provide the most reliable and relevant air monitoring data to the public. Air quality issues are diverse and are of great interest to the citizens of Maricopa County. High-quality data are a cornerstone of developing and implementing effective State Implementation Plans (SIPs),Exceptional Event (EE) packages, and operating permits for new and existing sources, for the protection of human health and the environment. This 2023 Air Monitoring Network Plan provides information regarding the air monitoring surveillance system operating within Maricopa County, covers changes made to the air monitoring network in 2022, and discusses network changes planned for 2023. Please refer to Appendix IV for the glossary of terms and acronyms. Network Modifications and Site Updates This section summarizes network modifications and site updates made in 2022, and changes planned for 2023. There were no site closures in 2022. Summary of Past Network Modifications and Site Updates Table 1 Summary of Past Network Modifications and Site Updates Date Site Monitor/ Type Description 2022 Durango Complex Data Logger Replaced outdated ESC-8832 data logger with the AgiliareLLC/ESC-8864 data logger. 2022 West Phoenix Site Updates Replaced the Teledyne CO, NOx, and O3 analyzers to ThermoScientific analyzers. Updated the data logger to an ESC-8864. Proposed Network Modifications and Site Updates MCAQD does not anticipate any significant interruptions to monitoring operations in 2023 and plans on continuously updating existing sites and improving site safety and security. Improvements to power supplies or communication systems will occur as needed. The following table lists projects planned for 2023. Table 2 Projects Planned for 2023 Planned Date Site Monitor/ Type Description 2023 Falcon Field (04-0131010) Ozone, Wind Speed, Wind Direction MCAQD is currently searching for a new site location. This change will improve access and sample line configuration and allow for a wind tower to be secured. Due to safety concerns at the current site location, MCAQD discontinued monitoring for wind speed and wind direction in March of 2021. These measurements will resume once the new shelter is established. 2023 Cave Creek (04-0134008) Ozone MCAQD will be relocating the analyzer and meteorological equipment to a shelter less than 100 feet away. The current location has independable climate control, thus relocation provides better access and data reliability for monitoring at the site. 2023 Scottsdale (04-0133003) Ozone, PM10 MCAQD has contacted the City of Scottsdale to obtain permission to place a shelter at the site. This will allow for better placement of the ozone sample cane and PM10 sampler. The move is planned as a safety precaution to prevent technicians from having to access the roof of a building. 2023 TBD Data Loggers MCAQD plans to continue replacing outdated ESC-8832 data loggers with AgiliareLLC/ESC-8864 data loggers. Introduction This Annual Monitoring Network Plan (AMNP) addresses the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (U.S. EPA) requirements for operating the surveillance system as per 40 CFR Part 58 - Ambient Air Quality Surveillance. As per 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart B §58.10(a)(1), the EPA requires each air monitoring organization (MO) operating within the U.S. and its territories to develop and submit this Plan annually by July 1st, following a 30-day public comment period. Each year MCAQD solicits comments from the public during the public comment period and holds an open forum public meeting. As needed, MCAQD amends the final draft based on any comments received. The final AMNP is submitted to EPA Region 9 for review and approval. The EPA Region 9 Administrator, or their representative, must approve any requests for network changes and waivers. EPA Region 9 completes the review process within 120 days. MCAQD will post the final AMNP on the MCAQD Air Monitoring website. In addition to the annual data certification process, the network plan helps MCAQD continuously review, assess, and improve how well the air monitoring surveillance system, or network, is performing. Data certification for 2022 was submitted to EPA Region 9 on April 28, 2023. The design and performance of the ambient air monitoring network and data certification process are covered by the regulatory requirements found in: • 40 CFR Part 58 – Ambient Air Quality Surveillance: Subpart A (General Provisions), Subpart B (Monitoring Network), Subpart C (Special Purpose Monitors (SPM)), Subpart D (Comparability of Ambient Data to the NAAQS), Subpart F (Air Quality Index (AQI) Reporting), and Subpart G (Federal Monitoring). The network plan also addresses the following regulatory requirements: • • • • • 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix A - Quality Assurance Requirements for Monitors used in Evaluations of National Ambient Air Quality Standards 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix C - Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Methodology 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix D - Network Design Criteria for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix E - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix G – Uniform Air Quality Index (AQI) and Daily Reporting The following information is covered in this network plan: • • • • • • • Purpose and type of monitoring conducted at each site; Detailed descriptions and metadata for each site; Metadata for each pollutant monitor; Three years of criteria pollutant data from each monitor; Design value metrics that identify the monitoring site with the highest O3, and PM2.5 concentrations measured over the past 3 years; The minimum quantity of monitors required for each criteria pollutant; Summaries of pollutant data by network and required statistical analyses; • • • • • • • • The quality and suitability of pollutant data for comparison to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS); The compliance status of monitors, including exceedance days and violations; Proposed changes to the pollutant networks, sites and monitoring methods planned for 2023; Appendix II contains a report for the discontinuation of the PM2.5 monitoring at the Thirty-Third monitoring site. Brief information regarding special purpose and/or research-driven air monitors, if operated; The reporting of real-time pollutant and meteorological data to the public via the MCAQD web map and AIRNow; Any requests for waivers from specific air monitoring requirements, if applicable; Public comments received and MCAQD’s responses regarding the final draft Annual Monitoring Network Plan. Figure 1 2022 Maricopa County Air Monitoring Sites Table 3 MCAQD Air Monitoring Instruments by Site Clean Air Act and Criteria Pollutants The Clean Air Act (CAA), and its amendments, provide the framework for pertinent State/Local/Tribal agencies to assess and protect air quality through an air monitoring program. Unless generated for research, special studies, or unless otherwise noted, each monitor meets the requirements of 40 CFR Part 58 – Subpart G - Appendices A, B, C, D, and E, where applicable. This means that the data MCAQD produces are of acceptable quality for NAAQS comparisons and compliance determinations, which is the primary purpose for generating the data. Please note that 40 CFR Part 58 Subpart G Appendix B applies to PSD monitoring only, and that no PSD monitoring was conducted within Maricopa County during this time period. MCAQD monitors for five criteria pollutants, which are: 1. Carbon monoxide (CO) 2. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) used as the indicator compound 3. Ozone (O3) 4. Particulate matter ≤10 micrometers (PM10) and ≤2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) 5. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) The National Ambient Air Quality Standards The U.S. EPA regulates criteria pollutants according to the NAAQS, which establish ambient levels for each, using health and welfare-based criteria. There are two sets of NAAQS standards. As per CAA §109(b), the primary NAAQS are designed to provide an adequate margin of safety that is requisite to protecting public health. The secondary NAAQS are designed to protect public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects associated with the presence of a pollutant in the ambient air such as damage to properties such as farm crops and buildings, visibility impairment in national parks and wilderness areas, and for the protection of ecosystems. NAAQS are geared toward improving air quality in geographical areas where the current quality is unacceptable as well as preventing air quality deterioration in geographical areas where the air is relatively free of pollution. Since each pollutant has different health effects and environmental damage potential, NAAQS level(s) are different for each pollutant. Some pollutants have standards for both long-term and short-term averaging times. The short-term standards are designed to protect against acute health effects, while the long-term standards are designed to protect against chronic health effects. The NAAQS are not static. The CAA requires that they undergo periodic review using the most recent medical, epidemiological, physiological, and ecosystem research available. Historically, when a NAAQS level changes; the new level(s) is lower. The NAAQS review is a lengthy process that assesses the science upon which each NAAQS is based as well as the standard itself. The Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) provides independent advice to the U.S. EPA concerning the need to change a standard. In addition, comments are solicited from the public. More information regarding the NAAQS review process is available at EPA’s website. U.S. EPA’s Regional Offices oversee the enforcement of the CAA, and MCAQD falls under the jurisdiction of EPA Region 9. U.S. EPA OAQPS oversees the air monitoring program at a national level, leads regulatory and/or policy changes affecting air monitoring operations and quality requirements, and engages in the review of the NAAQS. Table 4 shows a summary of the primary and secondary NAAQS levels for each pollutant. Table 4 National Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutant Carbon Monoxide (CO) Lead (Pb) Averaging Time 8 hours 1 hour Rolling 3month average Level Form 9 ppm 35 ppm Not to be exceeded more than once per year 0.15 μg/m3 Not to be exceeded primary 1 hour 100 ppb primary and secondary 98th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum concentrations, averaged over 3 years 1 year 53 ppb Annual Mean primary and secondary (2015) 8 hours 0.070 ppm primary and secondary (2008) 8 hours 0.075 ppm primary 1 year 12.0 μg/m3 secondary 1 year 15.0 μg/m3 primary and secondary 24 hours 35 μg/m3 primary and secondary 24 hours 150 μg/m3 primary primary and secondary Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) PM10 PM2.5 Ozone (O3) * Particle Matter (PM) Standard Type Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour concentration, averaged over 3 years Annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour concentration, averaged over 3 years Annual mean, averaged over 3 years Annual mean, averaged over 3 years 98th percentile, averaged over 3 years Not to be exceeded more than once per year on average over 3 years 99th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum primary 1 hour 75 ppb concentrations, averaged over 3 years Not to be exceeded more secondary 3 hours 0.5 ppm than once per year * Maricopa County is designated as Moderate for 2008 and Marginal for 2015. Source: https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/greenbook/anayo_az.html Forecasting and Reporting Air Quality Conditions This section provides information regarding the use and reporting of continuous, real-time data at the County and national level. It also provides historical information on how the reporting of air quality conditions has improved over the years. Air Quality Forecasting Forecasting air quality depends upon having air quality data available that can be put into a model which generates information needed for meteorologists to make forecasts. Monitoring instrumentation measures and reports hourly data to monitoring organizations (MO) for distribution to AirNow. The readily available data are invaluable to air quality forecasters because they can better predict what the Air Quality Indicators (AQI) will be. The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) and MCAQD developed a year-round air quality forecasting and “restriction” reporting process for the Phoenix metropolitan area. In Maricopa County, ADEQ is lead for air quality forecasting and issuing a “High Pollution Advisory” (HPA) or a “Health Watch” (HW), while MCAQD designates a “No Burn Day”. MCAQD’s CLEAN AIR MAKE MORE website provides a description of each of these restrictions and provides helpful information on improving air quality. The EPA Air Quality Index and NowCast Since the 1950s, as per 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix G, the Uniform Air Quality Index (AQI) and Daily Reporting, the EPA has required that MOs report air quality conditions to the public regarding criteria pollutant health risks based upon data from their network. To do so, EPA developed the AQI, which is a health risk communication tool that converts pollutant concentrations into six health-impact related color-coded indices based upon the NAAQS. Members of the public use the AQI forecast to reduce their exposure to air pollution and its associated health effects by modifying their daily activities. The AQI graduated color scheme is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 The Air Quality Index. Source: 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix G – Uniform Air Quality Index and Daily Reporting Air Quality Index (AQI) Basics In the early 2000s, AirNow began using “NowCast” values that tried to reflect current conditions. However, values were based upon each pollutant’s NAAQS averaging time, and it was recognized that these formulas do not respond well to real-time, rapidly changing air quality conditions. For instance, in the desert areas of the Southwest during the monsoon season, dust storms often emerge and dissipate within several hours. These events can drive PM10, and sometimes PM2.5, concentrations into the unhealthy range. Since the NAAQS averaging time for PM10 is 24 hours, a dust storm the evening before can cause air quality conditions to show in the orange range or higher the following day even though the sky is clear and no impact for the prior day’s event is affecting present conditions. Smoke from a brief fire can adversely affect air quality for PM2.5 likewise. The abundance of continuous data in the last decade has furthered our understanding of pollutants, especially PM2.5. This information helped improve the NowCast formulas so values better reflect rapidly changing conditions. To develop the new formulas, EPA analyzed millions of data points gathered from all parts of the U.S. Since PM10, PM2.5, and O3 make up most air pollution concerns throughout the U.S., the updated NowCast reports on health risks related to these pollutants, only. The formulas use a shorter averaging time when a pollutant’s concentration is high and a longer averaging time when a pollutant’s concentration is low, and conditions are stable. To read more about how the most recent NowCast formulas were developed, visit the AirNow FAQ section. Figure 3 AirNow Web Maps The EPA’s AirNow website communicates the status of air quality conditions throughout the country. The MCAQD has participated in the AirNow program since 2001. The MCAQD distributes 1-hour continuous pollutant and select meteorological data to the AirNow website. The AirNow maps cover a geographical area as far east as Queen Creek, as far south as Casa Grande, and as far west as the town of Palo Verde. Air quality data from other Local, Tribal, and National Park Service air monitoring operations within Arizona populate the map as well. The Maricopa County Interactive Air Quality Map The MCAQD provides real-time data on our website using an interactive air quality map with three layers of information. Figure 3 shows the default ‘Current Conditions’ map, which uses the latest NowCast formula to provide a site’s Maximum NowCast value for either PM10, PM2.5 or O3, as well as the latest formulas for each of the three pollutants’ NowCast values. The second tab shows the AQI developed by an unofficial, rolling formula. The map also serves as a way to gather Raw Data from the air quality monitors, which provides hourly CO, NO2, O3, PM2.5, SO2, and 5-minute concentrations for PM10 and meteorological data from each site. Figure 4 MCAQD Air Quality Status Map Information Regarding Compliance of Criteria Pollutants Unless otherwise noted, the information regarding air pollutants in this section was compiled from various pages at the U.S. EPA’s Air and Radiation website. Carbon Monoxide (CO) In 2022, there were no exceedances or violations of the CO NAAQS. Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) with Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) as the Indicator Compound In 2022, there were no exceedances or violations of the 1-hour or annual NO2 NAAQS. Ozone (O3) In 2022, there were forty-eight (48) days when at least one O3 monitor exceeded the 2015 8hour NAAQS, and fifteen (15) sites violated the standard. For the 2008 8-hour NAAQS, there were twenty-five (25) days and fifteen (15) sites that violated the standard. For more information regarding the O3 exceedance days and NAAQS violations, refer to Table 13 2022 O3 Eight-hour Average Summary. Particulate Matter (PM) In 2022, there were seven (7) days when at least one PM10 monitor exceeded the 2012 24-hour PM10 NAAQS level. For PM2.5, there were seven (7) days when at least one monitor exceeded the 2012 24-hour NAAQS level. For more information regarding the PM exceedance days and NAAQS violations, refer to Table 15 2022 PM10 24-Hour Data Summary Including EE Data and Table 17 2022 PM2.5 24-Hour and Annual Averages. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) In 2022, there were no exceedances or violations of the primary or secondary SO2 NAAQS. Lead (Pb) As of December 2019, MCAQD no longer monitors for Pb. Ambient air monitoring for Pb occurs at the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality JLG Supersite’s NCore monitoring station (04-013-9997). Air Monitoring Strategies and Surveillance System Design Overview of Air Monitoring Requirements and System Design The MCAQD operated and maintained 23 ambient air monitoring sites throughout Maricopa County. The sites’ start-up dates range from 1961 for Central Phoenix to 2021 for the Eastwood site. Land use patterns around the sites vary from densely populated urban areas to sparsely populated rural settings. The sites’ elevations range from 845 feet above sea level at Buckeye to 5190 feet above sea level at the top of Humboldt Mountain. The MCAQD chose each site and its pollutant monitors based on specific EPA requirements, special requests from EPA, and/or specific needs of the County. Requirements for operating an ambient air monitoring program are found in 40 CFR Parts 50 and 58. The MCAQD holds the Primary Quality Assurance Organization (PQAO) designation for the County’s ambient air monitoring network and is fully responsible for designing and operating the total air monitoring surveillance system and managing the pollutant data generated. The MCAQD operates air monitors at EPA-approved State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS), which includes the near-road stations. On occasion, special air monitoring initiatives involve temporarily operating monitors designated as Special Purpose Monitors (SPM), as well as special studies. This section details how each Ambient Air Quality network is designed to obtain “representative” data as per 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix D. To determine compliance with the NAAQS, EPA-approved air monitors must collect the pollutant data. The EPA classifies approved monitor methods into one of three categories: a federal reference method (FRM), a federal equivalent method (FEM), or an approved regional method (ARM). The MCAQD uses FRM and FEM instruments. This practice ensures high-quality data of like kind are used for compliance-driven decisions. However, data from research monitors, e.g., non compliance-related monitors, can be used to develop state and/or federal attainment and maintenance plans, further evaluate regional air quality models used in developing emissions control strategies, tracking trends in air pollution, and evaluating the impact control measures are having on improving air quality. Any shortterm research data collected by the MCAQD can be made available to decision makers, but the data are not reported to AQS. Within Maricopa County, the ADEQ collects compliance data as well as research data at the JLG Supersite via the following EPA monitoring networks: National Core multi-pollutant site (NCore), Photochemical Ambient Monitoring Stations (PAMS), Chemical Speciation Network (CSN), and National Air Toxics Trends Stations (NATTS). ADEQ also collects air toxics samples for the Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program (UATMP) at MCAQD’s South Phoenix site. The data from these networks are reported to EPA and should be available in AQS and/or another EPA database. In addition to producing an annual network plan, the EPA requires a five-year network assessment as per 40 CFR Part 58.10. The 5-year assessment is best served by collaborating with EPA, ADEQ, and other local and/or tribal Monitoring Organizations. MCAQD last completed the assessment in 2020. The assessment process continues to improve, and MCAQD works with other Monitoring Organizations regarding network design issues as needed. Monitoring Organizations within Arizona may provide support to each other by exchanging technical services and/or knowledge when problems arise with instrumentation or when conducting special studies. Basic Air Monitoring Objectives Each ambient air monitor must have a designated basic monitoring objective. The objectives in Table 5 apply to establishing required SLAMS monitoring stations and choosing the general locations for additional monitoring sites. The objectives are not listed based on importance or priority; however, each objective is important and must be considered individually. Table 5 Basic SLAMS Air Monitoring Objectives Objective Description Provide air pollution data to the general public in a timely manner Data can be presented to the public in a number of ways including air quality maps, newspapers, MOs, and EPA websites, and as part of weather forecasts and public advisories. Support compliance Data from EPA-approved monitors for NAAQS pollutants will with ambient air be used for comparing an area’s air pollution levels. quality standards and emissions strategy development Support for air pollution research studies Supplemental data useful with health effect assessments, atmospheric processes, or monitoring methods development work. Source: 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix D, 1.1(a – c) Monitor Types Pollutant monitor types must be designated as shown in Table 6 and are based upon how the data will be used and how long the monitor will remain in operation. The MCAQD’s air monitoring network is comprised of SLAMS, which gather data for comparison to the NAAQS. The MCAQD may operate SPMs temporarily; however, no SPMs or PSD monitors were operated in 2022. Table 6 Monitor Types* Name Description SLAMS EPA-approved, compliance monitor typically operated on a long-term basis. Measure criteria pollutants for comparison to the NAAQS. (State and Local Air Monitoring Stations) SPM (Special Purpose Monitors) PSD (Prevention of Significant Deterioration) A monitor typically operated on a short-term basis and not necessarily EPA-approved. These monitors are useful for gathering and reporting preliminary information regarding air quality in a local area quickly and over a short-term period, which is less than two years. In the event of a geographical area’s population increasing or data indicating that a SLAMS is more appropriate; an SPM may be reclassified to SLAMS and potentially outfitted with a different method. 40 CFR Part 58.20 Subpart C A monitor typically operated for less than two years prior to a source opening in a protected Class A area and usually required by the permitting authority. PSDs are operated for the purpose of establishing the effect on air quality of the emissions from a proposed source for purposes of preventing significant deterioration to a “protected” area, e.g., a Class 1 area. Class 1 areas include national parks and wilderness areas where a major effort is underway to improve visibility and air quality. * Reference 40 CFR Part 58 Site Types To support the three basic monitoring objectives, each site must be identified as one of the six “site types” shown below and may vary within each pollutant’s network. The site type is key to informing air quality professionals and the public about a pollutant’s peak concentration levels. The six general site types as defined in 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix D.1 are: • • • • • Sites for determining the highest concentrations expected to occur in the area covered by the network. Sites for measuring typical concentrations in areas of high population density (population exposure). Sites for determining the impact of significant sources or source categories on air quality. Sites for determining general background concentration levels. Sites for determining the extent of regional pollutant transport among populated areas and in support of secondary standards. • Sites for measuring air pollution impacts to visibility, vegetation damage, or other welfare-based impacts. Monitoring Scales (Spatial Scales of Representativeness) To help link the site type with a monitor’s basic monitoring objective and physical location, EPA uses the spatial scale of representativeness concept as described in 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix D 1.2 (a) and (b). The goal is to correctly match the spatial scale represented by an air sample with the spatial scale most appropriate for the site type, air pollutant to be measured, and the monitoring objective. Table 7 shows the scales of representativeness that are of most interest for the air monitoring site types described above. Table 7 Spatial Scales of Representativeness Name Distance Micro Scale 0 to 100 meters Middle Scale 100 to 500 meters Neighborhood Scale 0.5 to 4 kilometers Urban Scale 4 to 50 kilometers Regional Scale 10s to 100s of kilometers National and Global Scales Characterize the nation and the globe as a whole Source: Adapted from 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix D 1.2 Overview of the Air Monitoring Sites According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Maricopa County’s most recent population estimate is 4,551,524 people (U.S. Census Bureau: Quick Facts Population Estimate for Maricopa County). As per 40 CFR Part 58, the EPA mandates the minimum quantity of monitors required by a pollutant’s network to properly represent the County’s population. The MCAQD pollutant networks are designed using the concept of spatial scale representativeness and monitoring objectives. This results in Amibient Air Monitoring networks that meet, and in most cases exceed, the minimum quantity of monitors required by EPA. Additional information on the siting of air monitors can be found in Appendix I of this network plan. SUMMARY OF NETWORK RESULTS AND REQUIRED INFORMATION Determining Data Quality and Acceptability This section details the results obtained from our 2022 monitoring year. The EPA has established data quality and measurement quality objectives for pollutant data. In addition to 40 CFR Part 58, the EPA QA Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems: “Volume II: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Program provides extensive information regarding the quality system and its components. There are seven data quality indicators (DQI) established by the EPA to determine the quality of ambient air data. Data must meet each indicator’s requirement to be certified and acceptable for use by decision makers for NAAQS compliance determinations, researchers, and the public. These indicators are precision, bias, completeness, comparability, detectability, representativeness, and sensitivity. “Timeliness” of data collection, validation, and upload to AQS are important as well. “Accuracy” is now defined as a measure of the overall agreement of a measurement to a known value and includes a combination of random error (precision) and systematic error (bias) components of both sampling and analytical operations. The MCAQD’s personnel evaluate data using these indicators, with precision, bias, and completeness being the most crucial to evaluate on an ongoing basis. Data Completeness Before considering any data set valid, it must first pass a data recovery, or completeness, test. The test requirements begin with checking completeness at hourly and 24-hour concentration values, or ‘samples. The pollutant data measurements from continuous analyzers are based on a valid hour, while filter samples from manual samplers are based on a 24-hour sampling period from midnight to midnight. Equation 1 shows the calculation for the data completeness percentage, which is the quantity of valid measurements divided by the quantity of scheduled measurements, multiplied by one hundred. For data, completeness must be greater than 75% for a data set to pass the first validity test. Furthermore, data completeness requirements may vary and use multiple levels of data aggregation, e.g., 1-hour, 3-hour, 8-hour, 24-hour, quarterly, annual, and multiple years. Equation 1 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 (%) = 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑉𝑉𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 × 100% 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 Table 8 2022 Criteria Pollutant Data Completeness for SLAMS Pollutant CO O3 Percent Complete 97.3 98.5 NO2 SO2 PM2.5 PM10 Total 97.4 97.5 97.0 97.1 97.6 Source: AQS database – 2022 Data Completeness Report (AMP430) Summary of 2022 Criteria Pollutant Data This section covers the 2022 data generated by each network. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Figure 5 shows the CO monitoring sites operating in 2022. A CO monitor is required at one MCAQD near-road site. The CO data were reported to AQS, and the data are suitable for comparison to the NAAQS. Figure 5 2022 CO Monitoring Sites In 2022, no exceedances or violations of the 1-hour or 8-hour CO NAAQS occurred at any MCAQD sites, and concentrations remained well below NAAQS levels. Table 9 shows the maximum and second maximum 1-hour and 8-hour CO averages measured. Table 9 2022 CO Average Data Summary CO 1-hour Average Maximum CO 1-hour Average 2nd Maximum CO 8-hour Average Maximum CO 8-hour Average 2nd Maximum (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) Buckeye 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7 Central Phoenix 2.7 2.6 1.8 1.7 Eastwood 1.6 1.5 .9 .9 Mesa 2.1 2.0 1.3 1.3 South Phoenix 2.9 2.8 2.4 1.8 West Chandler 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 West Phoenix 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.1 Required Active Additional Near-Road Monitors Near-Road Monitors Near-Road Monitors Needed 1 1 0 Site Source: AMP450 Quicklook Criteria Report Table 10 2022 CO Monitor Requirements CBSA Population Estimate (2022) 38060 4,551,524 Source: U.S. Census Bureau: Quick Facts Population Estimate for Maricopa County Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Figure 6 shows the five NO2 monitoring sites which operated in 2022. The NO2 monitors at the Buckeye, Central Phoenix, and West Phoenix sites are designated as SLAMS, which represent the NO2 concentrations within Maricopa County. The near-road network requires two NO2 monitors in the metropolitan area. The Thirty-Third and Eastwood site monitors are the designated near-road monitors representing the microscale by collecting source-oriented emissions from vehicular traffic on heavily travelled highways within Maricopa County. Figure 6 2022 NO2 Monitoring Sites Data from both the area-wide and near-road monitors were reported to AQS, and the data are suitable for comparison to the NAAQS. Table 11 shows that no exceedances or violations of the NO2 annual or 1-hour NAAQS were recorded at Maricopa County monitoring sites in 2022. Table 11 2022 NO2 1-hour Data Summary NO2 3-Year 98th Percentiles Average NO2 Maximum NO2 Annual Average NO2 98th Percentile (ppb) (ppb) (ppb) Buckeye 43.0 8.02 33.0 34.0 Central Phoenix 57.0 14.91 51.0 53.0 Eastwood 86.0 15.23 47.0 49.5* Thirty-Third 82.0 25.64 61.0 59.0 West Phoenix 51.0 13.99 47.0 47.3 Site Name (ppb) *- Site established in 2021, 2-year average provided. Source: EPA AQS database - 2020 – 2022 Quicklook Criteria Report (AMP450) Additional information required by EPA for the near-road NO2 monitors is shown in Table 12. Table 12 2022 NO2 Monitor Requirements CBSA Population Estimate (2022) 38060 4,551,524 (2021) Required NearRoad Monitors Active NearRoad Monito rs Needed NearRoad Monitor s Required AreaWide Monitors Active AreaWide Monitors Needed AreaWide Monitors 295,833 2 2 0 1 3 0 Max AADT Count Sources: U.S. Census Bureau: Quick Facts Population Estimate for Maricopa County; Traffic Monitoring – ADOT Annual Average Daily Traffic Count Ozone (O3) Figure 7 shows the seventeen SLAMS O3 monitors which operated in 2022. The data were reported to AQS, and data are suitable for comparison to the NAAQS. Figure 7 2022 O3 Monitoring Sites Table 13 2022 O3 Eight-hour Average Summary Site 1st 8-hr Maximum (ppm) 2nd 8-hr Maximum (ppm) 3rd 8-hr Maximum (ppm) 4th 8-hr Maximum (ppm) Qty. of Days > 0.070 ppm Blue Point 0.078† 0.077† 0.077† 0.077† 17 Buckeye 0.072† 0.071† 0.071† 0.071† 4 Cave Creek 0.072† 0.071† 0.071† 0.071† 4 Central Phoenix 0.075† 0.074† 0.072† 0.072† 6 Dysart 0.082† 0.080† 0.077† 0.075† 11 Falcon Field 0.085† 0.080† 0.079† 0.078† 18 Fountain Hills 0.078† 0.077† 0.076† 0.076† 18 Glendale 0.087† 0.085† 0.082† 0.081† 19 Humboldt Mt. 0.087† 0.074† 0.072† 0.072† 5 Mesa 0.084† 0.081† 0.078† 0.078† 22 North Phoenix 0.088† 0.085† 0.078† 0.077† 28 Pinnacle Peak 0.077† 0.077† 0.077† 0.077† 17 South Phoenix 0.076† 0.076† 0.073† 0.069 3 South Scottsdale 0.072† 0.071† 0.068 0.068 2 Tempe 0.080† 0.079† 0.073† 0.073† 8 West Chandler 0.083† 0.075† 0.071† 0.071† 4 West Phoenix 0.081† 0.080† 0.079† 0.076† 17 † - Indicates an exceedance of the 2015 8-hr NAAQSSource: AMP450 Quicklook Criteria Report; MCAQD 2022 O3 Exceedance Day Report Table 13 2022 O3 Monitor Requirements CBSA 38060 County Maricopa Population Estimate (2022) 4,551,524 3-Year Design Value 81 ppb 3-Year Design Value Site(s) AQS ID 04-013-1004 Site Name North Phoenix Monitoring Organization MCAQD MCAQD 8-Hour Maximum Concentration MCAQD 8-Hour Maximum Concentration Site(s) AQS ID 04-013-1004 Site Name North Phoenix MSA Maximum 8-Hour Concentration MSA Maximum Concentration Site(s) 88 ppb 88 ppb AQS ID 04-013-1004 Site Name North Phoenix Monitoring Organization MCAQD Required Monitors 3 Active Monitors 17 Additional Monitors Needed 0 Source: AMP480 Preliminary Design Value Report; AMP450 2022 Criteria Report; U.S. Census Bureau: Quick Facts Population Estimate for Maricopa County Particulate Matter ≤10 Micrometers (PM10) Figure 8 shows the fifteen PM10 SLAMS monitors which operated in 2022. All PM10 monitoring stations operate continuous PM10 analyzers that collect 5-minute and hourly averaged data. All data were submitted to AQS and are suitable for comparison to the NAAQS. The EPA does not require PM10 analyzers to be collocated at the PQAO level or the national level. Figure 8 2022 PM10 Monitoring Sites The PM10 NAAQS are violated when the expected number of exceedances at a monitor is more than one per year on average over three years. The expected number of exceedances for a site is estimated using a formula provided in 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix K. The formula uses the number of days sampling occurs and the number of valid samples that can be collected. A 3year average of these estimated days is then used to determine compliance. Effective December 18, 2006, EPA revoked the PM10 annual primary standard; however, the annual weighted average is displayed on Table 16 for informational purposes. In recent years, some PM10 exceedances occurring in the Maricopa County CBSA have been successfully attributed to an Exceptional Event (EE). Per the EPA’s Exceptional Event Rule, an EE is an uncontrollable event that was caused by natural sources of pollution or an event that is not expected to recur at a given location. ADEQ makes the determination of which events to classify as exceptional, then they submit documentation to EPA supporting the contention that the exceedance(s) was due to an EE. If EPA Region 9 concurs, the PM10 concentrations measured during the EE are not used to determine compliance with the NAAQS. The EE counts shown below on Table 15 are current as of this review’s publishing. In 2022, there were seven days that exceeded the 24-hour PM10 NAAQS at MCAQD’s sites, and three sites Dysart, West 43rd, and West Chandler violated the NAAQS. Table 15 shows the PM10 24-hour NAAQS status and data summary, including EE data values. Table 14 2022 PM10 24-Hour Data Summary Including EE Data Site Name Maximum 24-Hour Average (mg/m3) Three-year 2nd Number of Average Maximum2424-hour Annual Hour NAAQS Expected Average Exceedances Exceedance (mg/m3) Rate 140 0 1 Annual Weighted Average (mg/m3) Quantity of EEs Buckeye 153 38.7 0 Central 101 99 0 0.7 31.5 0 Phoenix Durango 98 97 0 0.3 37.6 0 Complex Dysart 206†‡ 195†‡ 2 1.3† 28.2 2 Glendale 89 57 0 0.3 19.4 0 Higley 160†‡ 99 1 1 28.8 1 Mesa 74 65 0 0.7 19.2 0 North 68 97 0 0 19.2 0 Phoenix South 97 84 0 0 32.4 0 Phoenix South 100 99 0 1 26.2 0 Scottsdale Tempe 73 70 0 0.7 22.4 0 West 191†‡ 168†‡ 2 2.1† 31.5 2 Chandler West 43rd 316†‡ 223†‡ 5 3.8† 62.6 5 Avenue West 127 81 0 0.7 29.4 0 Phoenix Zuni Hills 167†‡ 126 1 0.7 25.4 1 † - Indicates an exceedance of the standard ‡ - Data are associated with exceptional event flag Source: AMP480 Preliminary Design Value Report; AMP450 Quicklook Criteria Report Table 15 2022 PM10 Monitor Requirements CBSA 38060 County Maricopa Population Estimate (2022) 4,551,524 MCAQD Maximum 24-Hour Concentration 316 µg/m3 MCAQD Maximum Concentration for Site AQS ID 04-013-4009 Site Name West 43rd Avenue MSA Maximum 24-Hour Concentration MSA Maximum Concentration Site 316 µg/m3 AQS ID 04-013-4009 Site Name West 43rd Avenue Monitoring Organization MCAQD Required Monitors 6-10 Active Monitors 15 Additional Monitors Needed 0 Source: AMP450 Quicklook Criteria Report; U.S. Census Bureau: Quick Facts Population Estimate for Maricopa County Particulate Matter ≤2.5 Micrometers (PM2.5) Figure 9 shows the eight PM2.5 sites which operated in 2022. All PM2.5 monitors are designated as SLAMS. Data were reported to AQS, and data are suitable for comparison to the NAAQS. Figure 9 2022 PM2.5 Monitoring Sites Each PM2.5 site operates a continuous FEM monitor that provides hourly concentration data used for NAAQS comparison. To meet the EPA’s QA collocation requirements for the PM2.5 network, a secondary monitor is operated at the West Phoenix site. This site operates one FEM continuous analyzer designated as the primary monitor and one FRM filter-based PM2.5 sampler designated as the secondary monitor. The FRM filter-based secondary sampler collects a 24-hour filter sample for QA purposes every 12 days. The U.S. EPA OAQPS produces the annual sampling calendar each year and posts it on the AMTIC website. In addition to the secondary monitor’s data being used for QA purposes, if necessary, the data can be substituted for the primary monitor’s data as per 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix N. The EPA may reference data from the secondary monitor to better evaluate air quality in the area. Maricopa County is currently in attainment for PM2.5. The MCAQD continually assesses the existing PM2.5 network to ensure it adequately represents air quality in Maricopa County. To determine compliance with the annual PM2.5 NAAQS requires that three years of the annual average of 24-hour data be used from each monitor. To determine compliance with the 24- hour NAAQS requires that three years of the 98th percentile data be used from each PM2.5 monitor. For data to be acceptable for comparison to the annual and the 24-hour NAAQS, a site’s PM2.5 monitor must meet all EPA-required operating and QA criteria. In the event MCAQD needed to move or change a violating PM2.5 monitor, this procedure would be followed. MCAQD would hold a public hearing regarding the requested change. Details and documentation of the requested change, as well as all public comments, would then be forwarded to the EPA Region 9 for approval. Any action on MCAQD’s part will be dependent on EPA Region 9 approval. Please note that this statement is general in nature and required in this AMNP by 40 CFR Part 58. MCAQD does not currently have any violating PM2.5 monitors, nor does it have any proposals to move any PM2.5 monitors. In 2022, there were seven days that exceeded the 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS at one or more MCAQD sites. Table 17 summarizes the 24-hour and annual data from the primary monitors only, including EE data values if any. Table 16 2022 PM2.5 24-Hour and Annual Averages Maximum 24Hour Average Site Name Concentration 2nd Maximum 24- 98th Percentile 24Hour Average Hour Average Concentration Concentration Annual Average Concentration (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) 84.4† 44.2† 28.0 9.75 Eastwood 32.2 26.2 17.7 7.88 Glendale 51.8†‡ 28.7 19.1 6.17 Mesa 24.9 22.9 16.7 6.30 North Phoenix 29.3 25.9 21.5 6.95 South Phoenix 84.5† 64.2†‡ 29.5 11.09 Tempe 24.9 21.9 17.1 7.81 West Phoenix 110.3† 59.7† 33.0 10.2 Durango Complex † - Indicates an exceedance of the standard. ‡ - Data are associated with exceptional event flag * - Indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria Source: AMP450 Quicklook Criteria Report Compliance with the primary and secondary annual NAAQS is determined by averaging three consecutive years of a site’s annual mean value using the 24-hour, or daily, concentrations. The annual PM2.5 NAAQS is met when the 3-year annual average concentration is less than or equal to 12.0 µg/m3 at each eligible monitoring site. All 3-year averages were below the PM2.5 annual NAAQS. Table 18 summarizes the 3-year annual average data. Table 17 PM2.5 3-Year Annual Averages 2020 Annual Average Concentration 2021 Annual Average Concentration 2022 Annual Average Concentration 3-Year Annual Average Concentration (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Durango Complex 10.52 10.23 9.75 10.16 Eastwood not operating 7.48* 7.88 not available Glendale 7.63 6.99 6.17 6.93 Mesa 7.30 6.79 6.30 6.79 North Phoenix 7.88 7.29 6.95 7.37 South Phoenix 10.45 9.62 11.09 10.38 Tempe 6.78 7.59 7.81 7.39 West Phoenix 10.47 10.72 10.20 10.46 Site Name * - Indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria, e.g., data completeness Source: AMP450 Quicklook Criteria Report Compliance with the primary and secondary 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS is determined by averaging 3 consecutive years of the 24-hour 98th percentile concentration values from all eligible sites. The 24-hour NAAQS is met when the 3-year average concentration value is less than or equal to 35 µg/m3. In 2022, there were seven exceedance days, but no violations of the primary or secondary 24-hour NAAQS occurred. Table 19 summarizes the 3-year 24-hour 98th percentile data from the FEM analyzers. Table 18 PM2.5 3-Year 24-Hour Averages of the 98th Percentile 2020 98th Percentile 24-Hour Average Concentration 2021 98th Percentile 24-Hour Average Concentration 2022 98th Percentile 24-Hour Average Concentration (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Durango Complex 28.8 27.2 28.0 28.0 Eastwood not operating 16.2 17.7 not available Glendale 19.0 17.8 19.1 18.6 Mesa 17.4 18.1 16.7 17.4 North Phoenix 18.4 16.2 21.5 18.7 South Phoenix 34.1 30.5 29.5 31.3 Tempe 15.6 21.9 17.1 18.2 West Phoenix 33.9 26.0 33.0 30.9 Site Name 3-Year 98th Percentile 24Hour Average Concentration (µg/m3) * - Indicates that the mean does not satisfy summary criteria, e.g., data completeness Source: AMP450 Quicklook Criteria Report Table 20 shows additional information required by EPA. The PM2.5 annual and daily design values include any measurements submitted as an EE for EPA’s concurrence. In 2022 one exceptional event was submitted for readings taken on December 31, 2022. Maricopa County exceeds the minimum requirement for PM2.5 monitors for the CBSA. Table 19 2022 PM2.5 Data Required by EPA CBSA 38060 County Maricopa Population Estimate (2022) 4,551,524 MCAQD Annual Design Value 10.5 µg/m3 MCAQD Annual Design Value Site AQS ID 04-013-0019 Site Name West Phoenix MCAQD 24-Hour Design Value MCAQD 24-Hour Design Value Sites 31 µg/m3 AQS ID 04-013-0019 Site Name West Phoenix MCAQD Max 24-Hour Concentration MCAQD Max 24-Hour Concentration Site 110.3 µg/m3 AQS ID 04-013-0019 Site Name West Phoenix MSA Max 24-Hour Concentration MSA Max 24-Hour Concentration Site 110.3 µg/m3 AQS ID 04-013-0019 Site Name West Phoenix Monitoring Organization MCAQD Required Monitors 3 Active Monitors 8 Additional Monitors Needed 0 Source: AMP480 Preliminary Design Value Report; AMP450 Quicklook Criteria Parameter Report; U.S. Census Bureau: Quick Facts Population Estimate for Maricopa County Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Figure 10 shows the two SO2 SLAMS monitors which operated in 2022. The data were reported to AQS, and the data are suitable for NAAQS comparison. Figure 10 2022 SO2 Monitoring Sites Sulfur dioxide has a 1-hour primary standard and a 3-hour secondary standard. In 2022, no exceedances of the SO2 primary 1-hour or secondary 3-hour standard were recorded at Maricopa County monitoring sites; and no site violated the SO2 NAAQS. The EPA requires that the highest 5-minute average per hour per day be reported to AQS; however, there is no 5minute SO2 NAAQS standard. Table 20 2022 SO2 Data Summary 1-hour Maximum Concentration 1-hour 2nd Maximum Concentration (ppb) (ppb) Central Phoenix 10.0 5.0 5 Durango Complex 4.0 4.0 4.0 Site 1-hour 99th Percentile (ppb) Source: EPA AQS database – 2022 Quicklook Criteria Parameters Report (AMP450) The minimum required quantity of SO2 monitors operating within the MCAQD’s network is based on either the Population Weighted Emissions Index (PWEI) and/or the EPA R9 Administrator’s input (see 40 CFR Part 58 - Appendix D 4.4.3). Table 21 2022 SO2 Monitor Requirements CBSA County Total SO2 Population Emitted Estimate (2020) (2022) 38060 Maricopa 4,551,524 (tpy) 1167 Population Weighted Emission Index (million personstons/yr) 5311 Additional Required Active Monitors Monitors Monitors Needed 1 2 Source: The EPA’s National Emissions Inventories (NEI) database – 2022 NEI Data U.S. Census Bureau: Quick Facts Population Estimate for Maricopa County 0 Summary of 2022 Criteria Pollutant NAAQS Status This section summarizes information regarding the status of each pollutant relative to its NAAQS level. It also provides detailed information regarding pollutants that are in NAAQS violation. Table 23 summarizes the 2022 NAAQS exceedances and violations by pollutant. Table 22 2022 NAAQS Exceedances and Violation Summary Pollutant NAAQS Status • O3 • • • PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 CO • • • On forty-eight (48) unique days, at least one monitor exceeded the 2015 8-hour primary/secondary NAAQS unless EPA Region 9 concurs with the EE demonstration submittals. On twenty-five (25) days, at least one monitor exceeded the 2008 8-hour primary/secondary NAAQS. Fifteen (15) sites will violate the 2015 8-hour primary/secondary NAAQS unless EPA Region 9 concurs with the EE demonstration submittals. On seven (7) unique days, at least one monitor exceeded the 24-hour primary/secondary 1987 NAAQS. Three (3) sites will violate the primary/secondary 1987 NAAQS unless EPA Region 9 concurs with the EE demonstration submittals. If submittals are approved, then no site will violate the NAAQS. On seven (7) unique days, at least one monitor exceeded the 2012 24hour primary/secondary NAAQS. No sites violated the 24-hour or annual primary/secondary 2012 NAAQS. • No exceedances or violations of the primary annual or 1-hour 2010 NAAQS or the annual secondary 2010 NAAQS occurred. • No exceedances or violations of the 1-hour or annual primary 2010 NAAQS or annual secondary 2012 NAAQS occurred. • No exceedances or violations of the 1-hour or 8-hour primary 2011 NAAQS occurred. 2022 O3 Exceedance, Violation, and Exceptional Event Information This section discusses the monitoring results of the O3 network, and the 2015 NAAQS violation status based upon years 2020 through 2022. O3 NAAQS Exceedances The 2015 O3 NAAQS level of 0.070 ppm is exceeded when a rolling 8-hour average is 0.071 ppm or higher. Fourty-eight exceedance days occurred in 2022. Figure 11 shows the 2022 O3 exceedance dates and concentrations by site. Exceedance day values associated with an EE are shown in red in the table below. The 2008 O3 NAAQS level of 0.075 ppm is exceeded when a rolling 8-hour average is 0.076 ppm or higher. Twenty-five exceedances occurred in 2022. Figure 11 shows the 2022 O3 exceedance dates and concentrations by site. Exceedance day values associated with an EE are shown in red in the table below. O3 Exceptional Events and Status of EPA Concurrence Twenty-two (22) exceedance days appear to be influenced by smoke from wildfires for which EE packages are being developed for submittal to EPA. The EPA must concur with the EE demonstration package before O3 data can be omitted from NAAQS comparisons. O3 NAAQS Violation Status - Including Exceptional Event Data A site violates the 2015 O3 NAAQS when its 3-year average of the 4th highest rolling 8-hour average concentration measured during a year exceeds 0.070 ppm. Figure 12 shows the sites that violated the 2015 O3 NAAQS and includes 2020 through 2022 average data associated with EE submittals. O3 NAAQS Violation Status - Excluding Exceptional Event Data Figure 13 shows the sites that would violate the 2015 O3 NAAQS in 2022, if the EPA concurs with the EE demonstration packages submitted for 2020 through 2022. The graph also shows that only the Falcon Field site would violate the 2008 O3 NAAQS if exceptional events are approved. Figure 11 Ozone Exceedance Days Figure 12 2022 O3 NAAQS Violations by Site Including Exceptional Event Source: AMP440 O3 8-Hour Maximum Values Report Figure 13 2022 O3 NAAQS Violations by Site Excluding Exceptional Events Source: AQS 2022 O3 8-Hour Maximum Values Report (AMP440) 2022 PM10 Exceedance, Violation, and Exceptional Event Information This section discusses the monitoring results of the PM10 network and NAAQS violation status based upon years 2020 - 2022. PM10 NAAQS Exceedances A PM10 exceedance occurs when a monitor’s 24-hour average concentration from midnight-tomidnight is 155.5 µg/m3 or higher. Figure 14 shows the site and date of PM10 exceedances that occurred in 2022. All 2022 exceedances of the PM10 NAAQS qualify for Exceptional Events consideration and demonstration packages will be developed for EPA’s review. The 24hour concentrations shown below include hourly PM10 data flagged as an Exceptional Event in red. Figure 14 2022 PM10 Exceedance Days PM10 24-Hour NAAQS Violation Status - Including Exceptional Event Data As per 40 CFR Part 50.6 (a), a site violates the primary and/or secondary 24-hour PM10 NAAQS when the calculated “rate of expected exceedances” is greater than one (> 1) when averaged over three consecutive years. Table 24 includes EE data and shows the maximum three-year 24-hour PM10 averages, the calculation of expected exceedances for each year, and the calculation of three-year average for the rate of expected exceedances. If the EPA does not concur with the EE demonstration packages submitted for years 2020 through 2022; then, three sites within the MCAQD network will violate the PM10 NAAQS as shown in the 3-Year Average Rate of Expected Exceedances column. Table 23 2022 Violations of the PM10 24-Hour NAAQS Including EE Data Site 2020 24-Hour Maximum (µg/m3) 165‡ 214‡ 2021 24-Hour Expected Maximum Exceedances (µg/m3) 1 258‡ 1 170‡ Buckeye Central Phoenix Durango 141 0 163‡ Complex Dysart 136 0 170‡ Glendale 92 0 173‡ Higley 131 0 219‡ Mesa 129 0 199‡ North Phoenix 116 0 143 South Phoenix 98 0 144 South Scottsdale 192‡ 1 188‡ Tempe 134 0 208‡ West Chandler 263‡ 1.1 181‡ West 43rd 226‡ 3.1 177‡ West Phoenix 159‡ 1 250† Zuni Hills 111 0 248‡ ‡ - MCAQD flagged this exceedance as an EE in AQS 2 1 2022 24-Hour Maximum (µg/m3) 153 101 1 98 0 0.3 2 1 2.1 2.1 0 0 2 2.1 3 3 1.1 1 206‡ 89 160‡ 74 68 97 100 73 191‡ 316‡ 127 167‡ 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2.1 5.2 0 1 1.3† 0.3 1 0.7 0 0 1 0.7 2.1† 3.8† 0.7 0.7 Expected Exceedances Expected Exceedances 3-Year Average Rate of Expected Exceedances 0 0 1 0.7 †- indicates a violation of the NAAQS Source: EPA AQS database - 2020 - 2022 – Quicklook Criteria Parameters Report (AMP450) PM10 24-Hour NAAQS Violation Status - Excluding Exceptional Event Data The ADEQ submits EE packages to EPA Region 9 for the 2022 PM10 exceedance days. If EPA concurs with the EE demonstration packages submitted for 2020 through 2022, then no sites will violate the PM10 NAAQS in 2022. Table 25 excludes PM10 data considered the result of an EE, regardless of the EPA’s concurrence status. The NAAQS violation status is shown in the 3-Year Average Rate of Expected Exceedances column. Table 24 2022 Violations of the PM10 NAAQS Excluding Data Flagged as an EE 2020 2021 2022 24-hour 24-hour 24-hour Maximum Expected Maximum Expected Maximum 3 3 Site (µg/m ) Exceedances (µg/m ) Exceedances (µg/m3) Buckeye 138 0 149 0 153 Central Phoenix 100 0 125 0 101 Durango Complex 141 0 131 0 98 Dysart 136 0 137 0 136 Glendale 76 0 107 0 89 Higley 131 0 134 0 99 Mesa 129 0 170 0 74 North Phoenix 116 0 98 0 68 South Phoenix 98 0 92 0 97 South Scottsdale 107 0 103 0 100 Tempe 134 0 83 0 73 West Chandler 89 0 89 0 115 West 43rd Avenue 130 0 155 1 148 West Phoenix 120 0 141 0 127 Zuni Hills 111 0 122 0 126 Source: EPA AQS database – 2020 - 2022 Maximum Values Report (AMP440) Expected Exceedances 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3-Year Average Rate of Expected Exceedances 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.33 0 0 2022 PM2.5 Exceedance, Violation, and Exceptional Event Information This section discusses the monitoring results of the PM2.5 network in 2022. It includes NAAQS exceedance information and violation status for 2022. PM2.5 Annual NAAQS Exceedance and Violation Status The annual primary NAAQS for PM2.5 is 12.0 µg/m3 and the secondary NAAQS for PM2.5 is 15.0 µg/m3. In 2022, there were no exceedances or violations of either annual NAAQS levels. Each site’s annual PM2.5 average was shown previously on Table 18. PM2.5 24-Hour NAAQS Exceedance and Violation Status The 24-hour primary and secondary NAAQS levels for PM2.5 are 35 µg/m3. If the 24-hour blockaverage concentration from midnight-to-midnight at a site is 35.5 µg/m3 or higher, then it is counted as an exceedance. A summary of the 24-hour average data can be found in Table 17 and Figure 15 below. If the 24-hour 3-year average of the 98th percentile exceeds 35 µg/m3, then the 24-hour NAAQS is violated. The data presented in Table 19 shows no exceedances or violations of the 98th percentile average data. Figure 15 2022 PM2.5 Exceedance Days PM2.5 Exceptional Events and Status of EPA Concurrence There was one PM2.5 exceptional event in 2022, and an EE submittal package was submitted for the 24-hour standard exceedance on December 31, 2022. Shared Air Monitoring Responsibilities For the MCAQD monitoring network, EPA requested that we work with the other State/Local/Tribal MOs within the MSA/CBSA to develop a shared monitoring agreement as specified by EPA Region 9. This is to ensure that each pollutant’s network is adequately represented throughout Maricopa and Pinal Counties, which is the MSA/CBSA geographical area. In 2019, we checked in with EPA Region 9 representatives regarding their direction on how to proceed with this requirement. We are dependent upon representatives at EPA Region 9 to provide the specifics needed in such an agreement before we can satisfy this requirement. As of May 2023, no agreement has been developed. Information Regarding Additional Air Monitoring within Maricopa County ADEQ operates its own air monitoring surveillance system within the State of Arizona, which includes the JLG Supersite in central Phoenix. JLG Supersite is part of the national air monitoring surveillance system and numerous SLAMS monitors operate there. In addition, ADEQ collects research data for other air monitoring programs at both the JLG Supersite and MCAQD’s South Phoenix site. The research data support EPA’s air monitoring programs that include, but are not limited to, identifying airborne air toxics and ozone precursors, identifying the chemical composition of PM2.5, and measuring visual haze. Specifically, ADEQ performs air monitoring in Maricopa County for the Chemical Speciation Network (CSN), the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE), the National Air Toxics Trends Stations (NATTS), the National Core multi-pollutant monitoring stations (NCore), the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS), and the Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program (UATMP). They also operate visibility cameras and meteorological monitors within the County. Occasionally, ADEQ may temporarily use other sites for special projects. For more information about ADEQ’s network, consult the ADEQ Air Quality Division’s website. REFERENCES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The eCFR Title 40, Parts 50, 53, and 58 U.S. EPA Office of Air and Radiation: https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/about-office-airand-radiation-oar U.S. EPA Criteria Pollutant Information: https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants U.S. EPA NAAQS Information: https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table U.S. EPA Network Assessments/Plans webpage: https://www.epa.gov/amtic/statemonitoring-agency-annual-air-monitoring-plans-and-network-assessments U.S. EPA NowCast Presentation: https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/ani/pm25_aqi_reporting_nowcast_overview.pdf U.S. EPA AIRNow webpage: https://gispub.epa.gov/airnow/ U.S. EPA AQS AirData website: https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data U.S. EPA NowCast Calculator webpage: https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/aqicalctest/nowcast.htm U.S. EPA OAQPS QA Webpage: Ambient Air Monitoring Quality Assurance | US EPA U.S. EPA Exceptional Events webpage: https://www.epa.gov/air-qualityanalysis/treatment-data-influenced-exceptional-events U.S. EPA List of Areas Protected by the Regional Haze Program: https://www.epa.gov/visibility/list-areas-protected-regional-haze-program U.S. EPA National Emissions Inventory database: https://www.epa.gov/air-emissionsinventories/2014-national-emissions-inventory-nei-data EPA Metadata Specifications: https://www.epa.gov/geospatial/epa-metadatatechnical-specification EPA Region 9 Air Program Information: http://www.epa.gov/region9/air/index.html Arizona SIP Information: https://azdeq.gov/SIP ADEQ Natural and Exceptional Events Information: https://azdeq.gov/naturalandexceptional_events MCAQD Online Interactive Air Quality Map: http://alert.fcd.maricopa.gov/alert/Google/v3/airnow.html MCAQD Annual Monitoring Plans and Network Assessments: http://www.maricopa.gov/1669/Air-Monitoring-Network-Plans-Assessments MCAQD Clean Air Make More Restrictions Web page: https://cleanairmakemore.com/our-air/restrictions/ MCAQD Dusts Sources, Control and Training: https://www.maricopa.gov/1913/DustSources-Control-and-Training APPENDIX I - Air Monitoring Data by Site Site information includes site location, spatial scale, site type, and site description. Blue Point (BP) (04-013-9702) Site Location Bush Hwy. & Usery Pass Rd., Maricopa County Spatial Scale Urban Site Type Maximum O3 Concentration Site Description: This site began operating in July 1995. This SLAMS location monitors for O3. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature and wind speed/direction. This site is located approximately 40 miles east of the Phoenix metropolitan area and represents maximum O3 concentrations downwind from an urban area. BLUE POINT County Abbreviation: BP AQS ID: 04-013-9702 Address: Bush Highway & Usery Pass Rd., Maricopa County Lat/Long Coordinates: 33.54558 N, -111.60972 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Yes Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per Not Applicable §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) 25 Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-Weekly Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) Not Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Number of PE Audits Performed 2 05/10/2022 Dates of PE Audits 11/08/2022 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 04/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 01/01/1993 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Teledyne API – Model 400T Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Max Ozone Concentration Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Urban Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers Not Applicable BLUE POINT Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) Airflow Arc Probe Sample Line Material Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical distance to probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) Distance to Furnace or Flue Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count Groundcover Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP 251 QA Raw Assessment Report 2.9 meters 360º FEP 8.51 Horizontal 1.9 meters Vertical 0 meters no Horizontal obstruction no Vertical obstruction Horizontal 15.8 meters Vertical 0 meters 8.2 meters* No Furnace or Flue Bush Highway 160 meters, S 6,110 Pavement * MCAQD is aware that these measurmenets do not meet siting requirements. The trees closest to the monitor inlets are not on MCAQD property. MCAQD is working with property owners to change the situation to move make adjustments to achieve compliance. Buckeye (BE) (04-013-4011) Site Location AZ Hwy. 85 & MC Hwy. 85, Buckeye Spatial Scale Neighborhood for CO, and PM10 Urban for NO2 and O3 Site Type Population Exposure and Upwind Background for O3 Site Description: The Buckeye site began operating in August 2004. This SLAMS location monitors for CO, NO2, O3, and PM10. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The site is located at the Maricopa County Department of Transportation - Southwest Facility. The immediate area is agriculture and encroaching residential development. BUCKEYE County ID: BE AQS ID: 04-013-4011 Address 26453 W MC85 Coordinates: 33.36985 N, -112.62068 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant CO NO2 O3 PM10 Parameter Code 42101 42602 44201 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 1 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Not Not Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Not Applicable Applicable Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move No No No No Monitor? Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Appendices A, C, Yes Yes Yes Yes D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the Not Not Not Applicable Not Applicable annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per §58.30? Applicable Applicable Are Data Comparable to Respective Yes Yes Yes Yes NAAQS? Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) 26 26 26 Checks Performed (Gases) Not Applicable Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Checks Number of Flow Rate Verifications 26 Not Performed (PM) Not Applicable Not Applicable Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Bi-Weekly Number of PE Audits Performed 2 2 2 4 01/10/22 01/10/22 01/10/22 06/13/22 04/05/22 Dates of PE Audits 07/11/22 07/11/22 12/29/22 07/11/22 10/04/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Yes Yes Yes Yes Submitted to AQS? Date of Annual Data Certification 4/28/23 Submission Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 08/01/2004 08/01/2004 08/01/2004 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS 08/01/2004 SLAMS BUCKEYE Teledyne Teledyne API – Teledyne API – Thermo – API – Model Model 300T Model 400T TEOM 1405-S 200T Method Code 093 099 087 079 Not PM Monitor Flow Type Not Applicable Not Applicable Low Volume Applicable Not PM Monitor Collection Type Not Applicable Not Applicable Size Specific Applicable Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FRM FEM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Upwind Population Site Type Exposure Exposure Background Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale Neighborhood Urban Urban Neighborhood (Spatial Scale Represented) Monitoring Season Sep-Mar Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Yes Yes Yes Yes Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated Not Not Not Applicable Not Applicable samplers Applicable Applicable Probe Height (distance above ground 4.1 meters 4.1 meters 4.2 meters 4.3 meters level to inlet) Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º 360º Not Probe Sample Line Material FEP FEP FEP Applicable Pollutant Sample Residence Time Not 6.18 7.75 9.87 (seconds) Applicable Distance from Supporting Horizontal 0 meters 0 meters 0 meters 0 meters Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical Vertical 1.5 meters 1.5 meters 1.5 meters 1.6 meters distance to probe/inlet) Distance from no no Horizontal no obstruction no obstruction Obstructions on Roof obstruction obstruction (horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical no no Vertical no obstruction no obstruction height of obstruction obstruction obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from no no Horizontal no obstruction no obstruction Obstructions Not on Roof obstruction obstruction Monitor Make - Model (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical Vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) BUCKEYE no obstruction no no obstruction obstruction no obstruction 17.3 meters 17.3 meters 21.9 meters No Furnace No Furnace or No Furnace or or Flue Flue Flue Nearest Major Roadway U.S. Hwy 85 U.S. Hwy 85 U.S. Hwy 85 31 meters, Distance and Direction to Road 31 meters, N 31 meters, N 31 meters, N N Average Daily Traffic Count 2,895 2,895 2,895 2,895 Groundcover Pavement Pavement Pavement Pavement Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP 251 QA Raw Assessment Report Distance to Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue U.S. Hwy 85 17.3 meters Cave Creek (CC) (04-013-4008) Site Location 32nd St. & Carefree Hwy., Cave Creek Spatial Scale Urban Site Type Maximum O3 Concentration Site Description: The Cave Creek site began operating in July 2001. This SLAMS location monitors for O3. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, rain, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The site is located at the Maricopa County Cave Creek Recreation Area. CAVE CREEK County ID: CC AQS ID: 04-013-4008 Address: 37019 N Lava Lane, Phoenix Coordinates: 33.82169 N, -112.01726 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? Yes Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Yes Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per Not Applicable §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) 26 Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-weekly 2Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) Not Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Number of PE Audits Performed 2 04/20/22 Dates of PE Audits 11/02/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 07/20/2001 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Teledyne - API Model 400T Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Max Ozone Concentration Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Urban Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers Not Applicable CAVE CREEK Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) Airflow Arc Probe Sample Line Material Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof Horizontal (horizontal distance and vertical distance to Vertical probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal Horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical height of Vertical obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof Horizontal (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical Vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) Distance to Furnace or Flue Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count Groundcover Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report 4.7 meters 360º FEP 9.95 0 meters 0.9 meters 5.1 meters no obstruction no obstruction 10 meters 10.0 meters No Furnace or Flue 32nd Street 240 meters, NE 2,333 Pavement Central Phoenix (CP) (04-013-3002) Site Location 19th St. & Roosevelt St., Phoenix Spatial Scale Neighborhood Site Type Population Exposure for CO, O3, and PM10 Highest Concentration for NO2 and SO2 Site Description: The Central Phoenix site began operating in June 1962. This SLAMS location monitors for CO, PM10, NO2, O3, and SO2. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, and wind speed/direction. This site is located within the Maricopa County Public Health building. Pollutant Parameter Code CENTRAL PHOENIX County ID: CP AQS ID: 04-013-3002 Address: 1645 E Roosevelt St., Phoenix Coordinates: 33.45797 N, -112.04659 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information CO NO2 O3 42101 42602 44201 SO2 42401 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 6 1 4 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Analysis Method Not Not Not Not (filter samples only) Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move No No No No Monitor? Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Yes Yes Yes Yes Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to Not Not Not Not the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Respective Yes Yes Yes Yes NAAQS? Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Number of PE Audits Performed Dates of PE Audits 26 26 26 27 Bi-weekly Bi-weekly Bi-weekly Bi-weekly Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable 3 2 2 3 05/23/22 07/05/22 11/10/22 04/11/22 10/12/22 06/07/22 12/05/22 02/14/22 05/23/22 09/14/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Yes Yes Yes Yes Reports Submitted to AQS? Date of Annual Data Certification 4/28/23 Submission Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 10/01/1966 01/01/1967 06/01/1967 01/01/1965 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API Teledyne API - Teledyne API - Teledyne API Monitor Make - Model - Model 300T Model 200T Model 400T Model 100T PM10 81102 4 Continuous Not Applicable No Yes Not Applicable Yes Not Applicable 25 Bi-weekly 4 01/06/22 04/13/22 07/05/22 10/12/22 Yes 04/01/1985 SLAMS Thermo TEOM 1405-S CENTRAL PHOENIX 093 099 Not Not Applicable Applicable Not Not Applicable Applicable FRM FRM Method Code PM Monitor Flow Type PM Monitor Collection Type Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) Site Type Basic Monitoring Objective 087 Not Applicable Not Applicable FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Highest Population Exposure Concentration Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Monitoring Season 100 Not Applicable Not Applicable FEM Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Distance from Horizontal Supporting Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and Vertical vertical distance to probe/inlet) Distance from Horizontal Obstructions on Roof (horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical Vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Low Volume Size Specific FEM Highest Concentration NAAQS Comparison Population Exposure NAAQS Comparison Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number Yes Yes Yes Yes of Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated Not Not Not Not samplers Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable Probe Height (distance above ground level to 11.8 meters 11.8 meters 11.8 meters 11.8 meters inlet) Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material 079 Yes Not Applicable 12.8 meters 360º Not Applicable Not Applicable FEP FEP FEP FEP 9.16 14.5 9.69 9.93 0 meters 0 meters 0 meters 0 meters 0 meters 1.9 meters 1.9 meters 1.9 meters 1.9 meters 2.6 meters no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction CENTRAL PHOENIX Distance from Horizontal Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical Vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction 23.7 meters 23.7 meters 23.7 meters 23.7 meters 26.5 meters Nearest Major Roadway A Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count No Furnace or Flue th 16 Street 88 meters, W 31,475 No Furnace or Flue th 16 Street 88 meters, W 31,475 No Furnace or Flue th 16 Street 88 meters, W 31,475 No Furnace or Flue th 16 Street 88 meters, W 31,475 No Furnace or Flue th 16 Street 91 meters, W 31,475 Nearest Major Roadway B Roosevelt St. Roosevelt St. Roosevelt St. Roosevelt St. Roosevelt St. Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count Groundcover 75 meters, N 21,637 Pavement 75 meters, N 21,637 Pavement 75 meters, N 21,637 Pavement 75 meters, N 21,637 Pavement 75 meters, N 21,637 Pavement Distance to Furnace or Flue Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report Durango Complex (DC) (04-013-9812) Site Location 27th Ave & Durango St., Phoenix Spatial Scale Neighborhood Site Type Highest Concentration Site Description: This site began operating in January 1999. This SLAMS location monitors for PM10, PM2.5, and SO2. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The site is located inside the Maricopa County Department of Transportation storage yard. DURANGO COMPLEX County ID: DC AQS ID: 04-013-9812 Address: 2702 RC Esterbrooks Blvd., Phoenix Coordinates: 33.42650 N, -112.11812 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant PM10 PM2.5 Parameter Code 81102 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Not Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Yes Yes Subpart G – Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual Not Applicable Yes PM2.5 NAAQS as per §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Yes SO2 42401 1 Continuous Not Applicable No Yes Not Applicable Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Number of Flow Rate Checks Performed (PM) Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Number of PE Audits Performed Dates of PE Audits Not Applicable Not Applicable 28 Bi-Weekly 3 01/04/22 07/12/22 10/06/22 28 Bi-Weekly 3 01/04/22 07/12/22 10/06/22 27 Bi-Weekly Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Yes Yes Submitted to AQS? Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 07/01/1999 07/01/2005 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS Thermo Thermo - TEOM Monitor Make - Model TEOM 1405-DF 1405-DF Method Code 208 182 PM Monitor Flow Type Low Volume Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type Dichotomous Dichotomous Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Not Applicable 2 05/06/22 11/02/22 Yes 01/01/2011 SLAMS Teledyne API – 100T 100 Not Applicable Not Applicable FEM DURANGO COMPLEX Population Highest Site Type Exposure Concentration NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Yes Yes Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers Not Applicable Not Applicable Distance between PM monitor inlets? 0 meters 0 meters Probe Height (distance above ground level to 4.4 meters 4.4 meters inlet) Airflow Arc 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material Not Applicable Not Applicable Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Not Applicable Not Applicable Distance from Supporting Horizontal 0 meters 0 meters Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical distance to Vertical 1.7 meters 1.7 meters probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions on no Horizontal no obstructions Roof (horizontal distance to obstructions obstruction and vertical height no of obstruction above Vertical no obstructions obstructions probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not Horizontal 53.9 meters 53.9 meters on Roof (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical Vertical 0 meters 0 meters height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) 13.7 meters 13.7 meters No Furnace or No Furnace or Distance to Furnace or Flue Flue Flue th Nearest Major Roadway 27 Ave 27th Ave Distance and Direction to Road 78 meters, E 76 meters, E Average Daily Traffic Count 19,349 19,349 Groundcover Pavement Pavement Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report Highest Concentration NAAQS Comparison Middle Jan-Dec Yes Not Applicable Not Applicable 4.4 meters 360º FEP 6.51 0.13 meters 1.8 meters no obstructions no obstructions 53.9 meters 0 meters 15.5 meters No Furnace or Flue 27th Ave 76 meters, E 19,349 Pavement Dysart (DY) (04-013-4010) Site Location Bell Rd. & Dysart Rd., Surprise Spatial Scale Neighborhood Site Type Population Exposure Site Description: The Dysart site began operating in July 2003. This SLAMS location monitors for O3 and PM10. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The site is located at the Maricopa County Facility Maintenance Yard on the corner of Bell Rd. and Dysart Rd. The site is in a growing population area in the northwest valley and is surrounded by a variety of land use. DYSART County ID: DY AQS ID: 04-013-4010 Address: 16825 N Dysart Rd., Surprise Coordinates: 33.63718 N, -112.34185 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 PM10 Parameter Code 44201 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Not Not Analysis Method (filter samples only) Applicable Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Yes Yes Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per Not Not §58.30? Applicable Applicable Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) 25 Not Applicable Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-Weekly Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) 25 Not Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Bi-Weekly Number of PE Audits Performed 2 4 01/03/22 04/13/22 04/13/22 Dates of PE Audits 10/12/22 07/06/22 10/12/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Yes Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 7/21/2003 Monitor Type SLAMS Teledyne API Monitor Make - Model – 400T Method Code 087 Not PM Monitor Flow Type Applicable Not PM Monitor Collection Type Applicable Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM 07/14/2003 SLAMS Thermo TEOM 1405-S 079 Low Volume Size Specific FEM DYSART Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Not Not Distance between collocated samplers Applicable Applicable Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) 4.2 meters 4.4 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º Not Probe Sample Line Material FEP Applicable Not Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) 4.79 Applicable Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof Horizontal 0 meters 0 meters (horizontal distance and vertical distance to Vertical 1.7 meters 1.5 meters probe/inlet) no no Horizontal Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal obstructions obstructions distance to obstruction and vertical height of no no obstruction above probe/inlet) Vertical obstructions obstructions Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal Horizontal 36.5 meters 36.5 meters distance to the obstruction and vertical height of Vertical 0 meters 0 meters obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) 49.3 meters 51.2 meters No Furnace or No Furnace or Distance to Furnace or Flue Flue Flue Nearest Major Roadway A Dysart Dysart Distance and Direction to Road 17 meters, W 12 meters, W Average Daily Traffic Count 12,000 12,000 Nearest Major Roadway B Bell Rd Bell Rd Distance and Direction to Road 495 meters, N 460 meters, N Average Daily Traffic Count 35,957 35,957 Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report Eastwood (EA) (04-013-4021) Site Location 36th Street & Interstate 10 Spatial Scale Micro Site Type SourceOriented Site Description: The Eastwood site began operating in March 2021. This SLAMS location monitors for CO, NO2, and PM2.5. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The site is one of two near-road air monitoring sites and is located on the south side of the I10 East. EASTWOOD County ID: EA AQS ID: 04-013-4021 Address: 4135 S. 36th Street, Phoenix Coordinates: 33.41046 N, -112.00264 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant CO NO2 PM2.5 Parameter Code 42101 42602 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 3 Collection Frequency Analysis Method (Filter samples only Analytical Laboratory (filter samples only) Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Continuous Continuous Continuous Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable No No No Yes Yes Yes Not Applicable Not Applicable Yes Yes Yes Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Number of PE Audits Performed Dates of PE Audits Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 26 26 Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Not Applicable Not Applicable 2 2 03/11/22 09/22/22 02/11/22 08/11/22 Yes Yes Not Applicable 26 Bi-Weekly 4 03/10/22 06/16/22 09/09/22 12/16/22 Yes 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 03/05/2021 03/05/2021 03/05/2021 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Teledyne - API 300T Teledyne - API 200T SLAMS Thermo TEOM 1405DF Method Code 93 99 182 PM Monitor Flow Type Not Applicable Not Applicable Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type Not Applicable Not Applicable Dichotomous Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FRM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Source-Oriented Source-Oriented Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison NAAQS Comparison SourceOriented NAAQS Comparison Micro Micro Micro Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Yes Yes Yes Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Monitoring Season Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) Airflow Arc Probe Sample Line Material Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Filter Sample Material Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical distance to probe/inlet) Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable 4.2 meters 4.2 meters 4.4 meters 360º 360º 360º FEP FEP Not Applicable 5.29 7.33 Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Horizontal 0.3 meters 0.3 meters 0 meters Vertical 1.6 meters 1.6 meters 1.7 meters no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction 44.8 meters 44.8 meters 0 meters 0 meters 21.9 meters 21.9 meters 22.8 meters Distance to Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue Nearest Major Roadway I-10 I-10 I-10 Distance and Direction to Road 24 meters, N 24 meters, N 24 meters, N Average Daily Traffic Count 121,222 121,222 121,222 Groundcover Gravel Gravel Gravel Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) Horizontal no obstruction no obstruction 44.8 meters Vertical 0 meters Horizontal Vertical Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report Falcon Field (FF) (04-013-1010) Site Location Greenfield Rd. & McKellips Rd., Mesa Spatial Scale Neighborhood Site Type Population Exposure Site Description: This site began operating in June 1989. This SLAMS location monitors for O3. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature and relative humidity. The site is located at a fire station near an airfield within a growing residential area. In 2020, wind speed and wind direction monitoring ceased at this location due to no longer being able to secure a wind tower to the roof of the fire station. The search for a new location in the same general area where an air monitoring shelter can be installed is underway. FALCON FIELD County ID: FF AQS ID: 04-013-1010 Address: 4530 E McKellips Rd, Mesa Coordinates: 33.45244 N, -111.73327 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? Yes Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Appendices A, C, D, Yes and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per §58.30? Not Applicable Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) 26 Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-Weekly Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) Not Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Number of PE Audits Performed 2 01/13/22 Dates of PE Audits 07/06/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 06/01/1989 Monitor Type SLAMS Teledyne API – Monitor Make - Model 400T Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Site Type Exposure Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria FALCON FIELD Distance between collocated samplers Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) Airflow Arc Probe Sample Line Material Not Applicable 8.9 meters 360º FEP Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) 19.11 Horizontal Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical distance to probe/inlet) Vertical Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal distance to Horizontal obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above Vertical probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal distance Horizontal to the obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above Vertical probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) Distance to Furnace or Flue Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count Groundcover Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report 0 meters 3.3 meters 5.7 meters 0 meters 40.2 meters 0 meters 21.9 meters No Furnace or Flue McKellips 58 meters, S 18,337 Pavement Fountain Hills (FH) (04-013-9704) Site Location Fountain Hills Blvd. & Palisades Blvd., Fountain Hills Spatial Scale Site Type Neighborhood Maximum O3 Concentration Site Description: The site began operating in April 1996 at a Fountain Hills fire station. This SLAMS location monitors for O3 only. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The site is located approximately 15 miles northeast of the Phoenix metropolitan area and represents maximum O3 concentrations downwind from an urban area. Furthermore, the site sits on the fringes of the central basin district along the predominant summer/fall daytime wind direction. FOUNTAIN HILLS County ID: FH AQS ID: 04-013-9704 Address: 16426 E. Palisades Blvd., Fountain Hills Coordinates: 33.61092 N, -111.72534 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Appendices A, Yes C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per §58.30? Not Applicable Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) 25 Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-Weekly Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) Not Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Number of PE Audits Performed 2 02/24/22 Dates of PE Audits 10/18/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 04/01/1996 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make – Model Teledyne API – 400T Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Population Exposure Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers Not Applicable FOUNTAIN HILLS Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) Airflow Arc Probe Sample Line Material Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical distance to probe/inlet) 4.4 meters 360º FEP 9.01 Horizontal 0.1 meters Vertical 1.8 meters Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal distance Horizontal to obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above Vertical probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal Horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical height of Vertical obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) Distance to Furnace or Flue Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count Groundcover Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report no obstructions no obstructions 3.7 meters 0 meters 15 meters No Furnace or Flue Palisades Blvd 70 meters, SW 17,837 Pavement Glendale (GL) (04-013-2001) Site Location 59th Ave. & Olive Ave., Glendale Spatial Scale Neighborhood Site Type Population Exposure Site Description: The site began operating in January 1974. This SLAMS location monitors for O3, PM10, and PM2.5. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The site is located on the grounds of Glendale Community College near homes, various strip malls, food establishments, and parks. GLENDALE County ID: GL AQS ID: 04-013-2001 Address: 6001 W Olive, Glendale Coordinates: 33.57453 N, -112.19193 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 PM10 PM2.5 Parameter Code 44201 81102 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Not Not Not Analysis Method (filter samples only) Applicable Applicable Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No No No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Yes Yes Yes Subpart G – Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual Not Not Yes PM2.5 NAAQS as per §58.30? Applicable Applicable Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Yes Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks 26 Not Not Performed (Gases) Applicable Applicable Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-Weekly Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed 26 26 Not (PM) Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Number of PE Audits Performed 2 4 4 02/10/22 02/10/22 05/03/22 05/03/22 05/03/22 Dates of PE Audits 10/06/22 08/10/22 08/10/22 11/02/22 11/02/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted Yes Yes Yes to AQS? Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 01/01/1974 07/01/1987 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS Thermo Teledyne API Monitor Make - Model TEOM 1405– 400T DF 6/1/2011 SLAMS Thermo TEOM 1405DF GLENDALE Method Code 087 208 Not PM Monitor Flow Type Low Volume Applicable Not PM Monitor Collection Type Dichotomous Applicable Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Yes Yes Required? 182 Low Volume Dichotomous FEM Population Exposure NAAQS Comparison Neighborhood Jan-Dec Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers Distance between PM10 and PM2.5 monitors Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) Airflow Arc Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable 0 meters 0 meters 4.5 meters 4.9 meters 4.9 meters 360º 360º Not Applicable Not Applicable 360º Not Applicable Not Applicable Probe Sample Line Material FEP Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) 9.16 Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical distance to probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Horizontal 0 meters 0 meters 0 meters Vertical 1.6 meters 2.0 meters 2.0 meters no obstructions no obstructions no obstructions no obstructions no obstructions no obstructions no obstructions no obstructions no obstructions no obstructions no obstructions no obstructions Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) 12.8 meters 15.5 meters 15.5 meters Distance to Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical GLENDALE Nearest Major Roadway A Olive Ave Distance and Direction to Road 225 meters, S Average Daily Traffic Count 25,000 Nearest Major Roadway B 59th Ave Distance and Direction to Road 475 meters, E Average Daily Traffic Count 25,394 Groundcover Pavement Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report Olive Ave 227 meters, S 25,000 59th Ave 430 meters, E 25,394 Pavement Olive Ave 227 meters, S 25,000 59th Ave 430 meters, E 25,394 Pavement Higley (HI) (04-013-4006) Site Location Higley Rd. & Williams Field Rd., Gilbert Spatial Scale Neighborhood Site Type Population Exposure Site Description: Originally, ADEQ began monitoring at this site in 1994 to measure background particulate concentrations near the urban limits of Maricopa County. The MCAQD assumed operating this site in July 2000. This SLAMS location monitors for PM10. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, and wind speed/direction. The site is in a suburban area near homes, strip malls, and schools with limited agricultural operations nearby. HIGLEY County ID: HI AQS ID: 04-013-4006 Address: 2207 S Higley Rd., Gilbert Coordinates: 33.30995 N, -111.72003 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant PM10 Parameter Code 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Appendices A, C, D, Yes and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per §58.30? Not Applicable Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) Not Applicable Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) 26 Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Bi-Weekly Number of PE Audits Performed 4 02/03/22 05/12/22 Dates of PE Audits 08/02/22 11/08/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 07/01/2000 Monitor Type SLAMS Thermo – TEOM Monitor Make - Model 1405-S Method Code 079 PM Monitor Flow Type Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type Size Specific Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Site Type Exposure HIGLEY NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers Not Applicable Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) 4.7 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material Not Applicable Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Not Applicable Basic Monitoring Objective Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical distance to probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) Distance to Furnace or Flue Nearest Major Roadway A Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count Nearest Major Roadway B Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count Groundcover Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report Horizontal 0 meters Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal 2.0 meters no obstructions no obstructions no obstructions Vertical no obstructions 34.7 meters No Furnace or Flue Higley Rd 117 meters, E 18,298 Williams Field Rd 410 meters, S 11,500 Pavement Humboldt Mountain (HM) (04-013-9508) Site Location Humboldt Mtn. Summit Spatial Scale Regional Site Type Maximum O3 Concentration Site Description: This site began operating in August 1995. This SLAMS location monitors for O3. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature and relative humidity. The site is located on Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) property within the Tonto National Forest. In 2019, the long-anticipated move of the station into a new facility occurred. The new station is about 15 meters away from the National Forest Service building that once housed it. This site is located approximately 40 miles NE of the Phoenix metropolitan area at an elevation of 5190 feet and represents extreme downwind O3 concentrations. HUMBOLDT MOUNTAIN County ID: HM AQS ID: 04-013-9508 Address: E State Hwy 562- FAA Radar Station, Tonto National Forest Coordinates: 33.98280 N, -111.79871 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Yes Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per Not Applicable §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) 26 Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-Weekly Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM or Pb) Not Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Number of PE Audits Performed 2 04/15/22 Dates of PE Audits 10/13/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 08/01/1995 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make – Model Teledyne API – 400T Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Maximum O3 Concentration Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Regional Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria HUMBOLDT MOUNTAIN Distance between collocated samplers Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) Airflow Arc Probe Sample Line Material Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof Horizontal (horizontal distance and vertical distance to Vertical probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal Horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical height of Vertical obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof Horizontal (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical Vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) Distance to Furnace or Flue Nearest Major Roadway - Remote Mountaintop - Access using E. State Hwy 562 Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count Groundcover Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report Not Applicable 4.4 meters 360º FEP 8.96 0.7 meters 2.0 meters no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no tree No Furnace or Flue Cave Creek Road 15 miles south 792 Soil / Vegetation Mesa (ME) (04-013-1003) Site Location Broadway Rd. & Brooks Ave., Mesa Spatial Scale Neighborhood Site Type Population Exposure Site Description: This site began operating in January 1978. This SLAMS location monitors for CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The site is located at Mesa Brooks Reservoir, which is an area that contains residential, commercial, and industrial properties. MESA County ID: ME AQS ID: 04-013-1003 Address: 310 S Brooks, Mesa Coordinates: 33.41018 N, -111.86536 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant CO O3 PM10 PM2.5 Parameter Code 42101 44201 81102 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (filter Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable samples only) Any Proposal to Remove or No No No No Move Monitor? Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Yes Yes Yes Yes Subpart G – Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Yes PM2.5 NAAQS as per §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Yes Yes Yes Yes Respective NAAQS? Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks 27 26 Not Applicable Performed (Gases) Frequency of 1-Point QC Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly (Precision) Checks Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed 25 25 (PM) Not Applicable Not Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Verifications Number of PE Audits 2 2 4 4 Performed Dates of PE Audits 01/14/22 07/08/22 04/18/22 10/13/22 02/04/22 05/13/22 08/04/22 11/09/22 02/04/22 05/13/22 08/04/22 11/09/22 MESA Annual Precision & PE Audit Yes Yes Yes Reports Submitted to AQS? Date of Annual Data 4/28/23 Certification Submission Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 01/01/1978 11/1/2012 11/1/2012 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API – Teledyne API – Thermo - TEOM Monitor Make - Model 300T 400T 1405-DF Method Code 093 087 208 PM Monitor Flow Type Not Applicable Not Applicable Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type Not Applicable Not Applicable Dichotomous Method Type (FRM, FEM, FRM FEM FEM ARM) Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Scale Represented) Monitoring Season Sep-Mar Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Yes Yes Yes Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable samplers Distance between PM10 and Not Applicable Not Applicable 0 meters PM2.5 monitors Probe Height (distance 4.1 meters 4.1 meters 4.7 meters above ground level to inlet) Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material FEP FEP Not Applicable Pollutant Sample Residence 5.47 8.12 Not Applicable Time (seconds) Distance from Horizontal 0 meters 0 meters 0 meters Supporting Structure/Roof Vertical 1.5 meters 1.5 meters 2.0 meters (horizontal distance and Yes 11/1/2012 SLAMS Thermo - TEOM 1405-DF 182 Low Volume Dichotomous FEM Population Exposure NAAQS Comparison Neighborhood Jan-Dec Yes Not Applicable 0 meters 4.7 meters 360º Not Applicable Not Applicable 0 meters 2.0 meters MESA vertical distance to probe/inlet) Distance from Horizontal Obstructions on Roof (horizontal distance to obstruction and Vertical vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Horizontal Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal distance to the obstruction and Vertical vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) Distance to Furnace or Flue no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no tree no tree no tree no tree No Furnace or Flue Broadway Rd. No Furnace or Flue Broadway Rd. No Furnace or Flue Broadway Rd. No Furnace or Flue Broadway Rd. Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to 305 meters, S 305 meters, S 305 meters, S 305 meters, S Road Average Daily Traffic Count 23,465 23,465 23,465 23,465 Groundcover Pavement/Gravel Pavement/Gravel Pavement/Gravel Pavement/Gravel Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report North Phoenix (NP) (04-013-1004) Site Location 7th St. & Butler Ave., Phoenix Spatial Scale Neighborhood Site Type Population Exposure for PM10 & PM2.5; Max Concentration for O3 Site Description: This site began operating in January 1975. This SLAMS location monitors for O3, and PM10, PM2.5. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, and wind speed/direction. NORTH PHOENIX County ID: NP AQS ID: 04-013-1004 Address: 601 E Butler Dr., Phoenix Coordinates: 33.56034 N, -112.06627 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 PM10 PM2.5 Parameter Code 44201 81102 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Not Not Not Analysis Method (filter samples only) Applicable Applicable Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No No No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Yes Yes Yes Subpart G – Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 Not Not Yes NAAQS as per §58.30? Applicable Applicable Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Yes Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks 26 Not Not Performed (Gases) Applicable Applicable Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-Weekly Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed 26 26 Not (PM) Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Number of PE Audits Performed 2 4 4 02/03/22 02/03/22 06/07/22 05/10/22 05/10/22 Dates of PE Audits 12/06/22 08/15/22 08/15/22 12/06/22 12/06/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to Yes Yes Yes AQS? Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 01/01/1975 9/1/2011 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS Thermo Teledyne API Monitor Make - Model TEOM 1405– 400T DF 9/1/2011 SLAMS Thermo TEOM 1405DF NORTH PHOENIX 087 208 182 Not PM Monitor Flow Type Low Volume Low Volume Applicable Not PM Monitor Collection Type Dichotomous Dichotomous Applicable Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM FEM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Max Ozone Population Population Site Type Concentration Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Yes Yes Yes Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Not Not Not Distance between collocated samplers Applicable Applicable Applicable Not Distance between PM10 and PM2.5 monitors 0 meters 0 meters Applicable Probe Height (distance above ground level to 4.4 meters 4.7 meters 4.7 meters inlet) Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º Not Not Probe Sample Line Material FEP Applicable Applicable Method Code Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) 10.37 Not Applicable Not Applicable Distance from Supporting Horizontal Structure/Roof (horizontal distance Vertical and vertical distance to probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions on Roof Horizontal (horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical height of obstruction Vertical above probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Horizontal Roof (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical height of Vertical obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) 1.21 meters 0 meters 0 meters 1.8 meters 2.1 meters 2.1 meters no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction 6.4 meters 4.5 meters 4.5 meters 2.6 meters 2.6 meters 2.6 meters 13.7 meters No Furnace or Flue 18.2 meters No Furnace or Flue 18.2 meters No Furnace or Flue Distance to Furnace or Flue NORTH PHOENIX Nearest Major Roadway 7th Street Distance and Direction to Road 75 meters, E Average Daily Traffic Count (ADT) 18,298 Groundcover Gravel Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment Report 7th Street 75 meters, E 18,298 Gravel 7th Street 75 meters, E 18,298 Gravel Pinnacle Peak (PP) (04-013-2005) Site Location Alma School & Happy Valley Rd., Scottsdale Spatial Scale Urban Site Type Maximum O3 Concentration Site Description: This site began operating in February 1988. This SLAMS location monitors for O3 only. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The site is located approximately 25 miles NE of the Phoenix metropolitan area and represents maximum O3 concentrations downwind from an urban area. This site measures O3 concentrations related to the transport of O3 from central metropolitan Phoenix. PINNACLE PEAK County ID: PP AQS ID: 04-013-2005 Address: 24301 N Alma School Rd., Scottsdale Coordinates: 33.706315 N, -111.856151 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Appendices Yes A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per Not Applicable §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) 27 Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-Weekly Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM or Pb) Not Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Number of PE Audits Performed 2 01/04/22 Dates of PE Audits 07/14/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 02/01/1988 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Teledyne API – 400T Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Max Ozone Concentration Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Urban Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers Not Applicable PINNACLE PEAK Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) Airflow Arc Probe Sample Line Material Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical distance to probe/inlet) 4.2 meters 360º FEP 5.34 Horizontal 0.1 meters Vertical 1.6 meters Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal Horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical height of Vertical obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal Horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical height of Vertical obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) Distance to Furnace or Flue Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count Groundcover Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report no obstruction no obstruction 3.3 meters 0.9 meters 10 meters No Furnace or Flue Happy Valley Rd. 61 meters, S 16,678 Pavement / Grass South Phoenix (SP) (04-013-4003) Site Location Central Ave. & Broadway Rd., Phoenix Spatial Scale Neighborhood Site Type Population Exposure Site Description: The site began operating in October 1999. This SLAMS location monitors for CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The site borders a mixture of high population density residential and commercial properties. SOUTH PHOENIX County ID: SP AQS ID: 04-013-4003 Address: 33 W Tamarisk St., Phoenix Coordinates: 33.40314 N, -112.07526 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant CO O3 PM10 PM2.5 Parameter Code 42101 44201 81102 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (filter samples Not Not Not Not only) Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move No No No No Monitor? Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Yes Yes Yes Yes Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to Not Not Not Yes the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per Applicable Applicable Applicable §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Yes Yes Yes Yes Respective NAAQS? Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) 27 27 Checks Performed (Gases) Not Not Applicable Applicable Frequency of 1-Point QC Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly (Precision) Checks Number of Flow Rate 27 27 Verifications Performed (PM) Not Not Applicable Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Verifications Number of PE Audits Performed 2 2 4 4 02/08/22 02/08/22 04/05/22 04/05/22 05/04/22 05/04/22 Dates of PE Audits 11/14/22 11/14/22 08/08/22 08/08/22 11/14/22 11/14/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Yes Yes Yes Yes Reports Submitted to AQS? Date of Annual Data Certification 4/28/23 Submission Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable SOUTH PHOENIX Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 10/01/1999 10/01/1999 7/1/2007 05/01/2010 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Thermo Thermo Teledyne API Teledyne API Monitor Make - Model TEOM 1405TEOM 1405– 300T – 400T DF DF Method Code 093 087 208 182 Not Not PM Monitor Flow Type Low Volume Low Volume Applicable Applicable Not Not PM Monitor Collection Type Dichotomous Dichotomous Applicable Applicable Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FEM FEM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Represented) Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Yes Yes Yes Yes Number of Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated Not Not Not Not samplers Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable Distance between PM10 and Not Not 0 meters 0 meters PM2.5 monitors Applicable Applicable Probe Height (distance above 5.2 meters 5.2 meters 4.2 meters 4.2 meters ground level to inlet) Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material FEP FEP Not Applicable Not Applicable Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) 4.37 5.29 Not Applicable Not Applicable Horizontal 0.3 meters 0.3 meters 0 meters 0 meters Vertical 2.0 meters 2.0 meters 3.0 meters 3.0 meters Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical distance to probe/inlet) SOUTH PHOENIX Distance from Horizontal Obstructions on Roof (horizontal distance to obstruction and Vertical vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Horizontal Roof (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical height of Vertical obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction 21.0 meters 21.0 meters 2.4 meters 2.4 meters 0 meters 0 meters 0.6 meters 0.6 meters 10.9 meters 10.9 meters 7.3 meters* 7.3 meters* No Furnace or No Furnace or No Furnace or Flue Flue Flue Nearest Major Roadway A Central Ave. Central Ave. Central Ave. Distance and Direction to Road 168 meters, E 168 meters, E 165 meters, E Average Daily Traffic Count 23,399 23,399 23,399 Nearest Major Roadway B Broadway Rd. Broadway Rd. Broadway Rd. Distance and Direction to Road 385 meters, N 385 meters, N 385 meters, N Average Daily Traffic Count 20,051 20,051 20,051 Groundcover Pavement Pavement Pavement Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report No Furnace or Flue Central Ave. 165 meters, E 23,399 Broadway Rd. 385 meters, N 20,051 Pavement Distance to Furnace or Flue * MCAQD is aware that these measurmenets do not meet siting requirements. The trees closest to the monitor inlets are not on MCAQD property. MCAQD is working with property owners to change the situation to move make adjustments to achieve compliance. South Scottsdale (SS) (04-013-3003) Site Location Spatial Scale Site Type Thomas Rd. & Miller Rd., Scottsdale Neighborhood Population Exposure Site Description: This site began operating in January 1974. This SLAMS location monitors for O3 and PM10. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The station is in a residential area. SOUTH SCOTTSDALE County ID: SS AQS ID: 04-013-3003 Address: 2857 N Miller Rd., Scottsdale Coordinates: 33.47968 N, -111.91711 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 PM10 Parameter Code 44201 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Not Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? Yes Yes Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Yes Yes Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as Not Applicable Not Applicable per §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) 26 Not Applicable Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-Weekly Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) 26 Not Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Bi-Weekly Number of PE Audits Performed 2 Dates of PE Audits 01/05/22 07/07/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4 02/01/22 05/10/22 08/02/22 11/08/22 Yes Yes 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 01/01/1974 Monitor Type SLAMS Teledyne API – Monitor Make - Model 400T Method Code 087 PM Monitor Flow Type Not Applicable PM Monitor Collection Type Not Applicable Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria 09/01/2012 SLAMS Thermo - TEOM 1405-S 079 Low Volume Size Specific FEM SOUTH SCOTTSDALE Population Population Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers Not Applicable Not Applicable Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) 5.1 meters 6.1 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material FEP Not Applicable Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) 8.43 Not Applicable Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof Horizontal 0.46 meters 0 meters (horizontal distance and vertical distance to Vertical 1.9 meters 6.1 meters probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal Horizontal no obstruction no obstruction distance to obstruction and vertical height of no obstruction Vertical no obstruction obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof 24.6 meters Horizontal 16.4 meters (horizontal distance to the obstruction and 0 meters Vertical 0 meters vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) 4.0 meters* 8.2 meters* No Furnace or No Furnace or Distance to Furnace or Flue Flue Flue Nearest Major Roadway A Thomas Rd. Thomas Rd. Distance and Direction to Road 66 meters, N 62 meters, N Average Daily Traffic Count 34,583 34,583 Nearest Major Roadway B Miller Rd. Miller Rd. Distance and Direction to Road 32 meters, W 35 meters, W Average Daily Traffic Count 19,590 19,590 Groundcover Pavement Pavement Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report Site Type * MCAQD is aware that these measurmenets do not meet siting requirements. The proposed change to this monitoring location will address the dripline measurement. Tempe (TE) (04-013-4005) Site Location Apache Blvd. & College Ave., Tempe Spatial Scale Neighborhood Site Type Population Exposure Site Description: This site began operating in 2000. This SLAMS location monitors for O3, PM10, and PM2.5. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, rain, and wind speed/direction. The station is near the ASU Tempe Campus and surrounded by residential homes, high-density residential properties, and a railroad track. TEMPE County ID: TE AQS ID: 04-013-4005 Address: 1525 S College Ave., Tempe Coordinates: 33.4123 N, -111.93471 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 PM10 PM2.5 Parameter Code 44201 81102 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Not Not Not Analysis Method (filter samples only) Applicable Applicable Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No No No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G Yes Yes Yes – Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 Not Not Yes NAAQS as per §58.30? Applicable Applicable Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Yes Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed 26 Not Not (Gases) Applicable Applicable Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-Weekly Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) 26 26 Not Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Number of PE Audits Performed 2 4 4 02/08/22 02/08/22 05/19/22 05/16/22 05/16/22 Dates of PE Audits 11/03/22 08/09/22 08/09/22 11/03/22 11/03/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to Yes Yes Yes AQS? Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 07/01/2000 03/01/2012 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS Thermo Teledyne Monitor Make - Model TEOM 1405API – 400T DF Method Code 087 208 03/01/2012 SLAMS Thermo TEOM 1405-DF 182 TEMPE Not Low Volume Applicable Not Dichotomou PM Monitor Collection Type Applicable s Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Neighborho Neighborho Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) od od Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Yes Yes Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Not Not Distance between collocated samplers Applicable Applicable Not Distance between PM10 and PM2.5 monitors 0 meters Applicable Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) 4.2 meters 4.7 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º Not Probe Sample Line Material FEP Applicable Not Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) 5.89 Applicable Horizont Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof 0.1 meters 0 meters al (horizontal distance and vertical distance to PM Monitor Flow Type probe/inlet) Low Volume Dichotomo us FEM Population Exposure NAAQS Comparison Neighborho od Jan-Dec Yes Not Applicable 0 meters 4.7 meters 360º Not Applicable Not Applicable 0 meters Vertical 1.5 meters 2.1 meters 2.1 meters Horizont Distance from Obstructions on Roof al (horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above Vertical probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof Horizont (horizontal distance to the obstruction and al vertical height of obstruction above Vertical probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction 5.4 meters 8.2 meters 8.2 meters 0 meters 0 meters 0 meters 12.8 meters No Furnace or Flue 10.0 meters No Furnace or Flue 10.0 meters No Furnace or Flue Distance to Furnace or Flue TEMPE Broadway Rd. 370 meters, Distance and Direction to Road S Average Daily Traffic Count 24,184 Groundcover Gravel Source: AMP256 DQI Report, AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report Nearest Major Roadway Broadway Rd. 370 meters, S 24,184 Gravel Broadway Rd. 370 meters, S 24,184 Gravel Thirty-Third (TT) (04-013-4020) Site Location Interstate-10 & 33rd Ave., Phoenix Spatial Scale Micro Site Type SourceOriented Site Description: This site began operating in September 2015. This SLAMS location monitors for NO2; and temporarily monitored for CO and PM2.5 from January 2020 through February 2021. CO and PM2.5 were removed from the Thirty-Third site and relocated to the new Eastwood site in March 2021. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The site is one of two near-road air monitoring sites and is located on the south side embankment adjacent to the I-10 and oriented on an east-west section of the highway, midway downslope from 33rd Avenue toward the I-10. THIRTY-THIRD County ID: TT AQS ID: 04-013-4020 Address: 3248 W Moreland Ave., Phoenix Coordinates: 33.46173 N, -112.12796 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant NO2 Parameter Code 42602 Parameter Occurrence Code Collection Frequency Analysis Method (filter samples only) Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per §58.30? 1 Continuous Not Applicable No Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Yes Not Applicable Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) 26 Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-Weekly Number of Flow Rate Verifications (PM) Not Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Number of PE Audits Performed 2 05/04/22 Dates of PE Audits 11/03/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes 4/28/23 Date of Annual Data Certification Submission Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 09/01/2015 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make – Model Thermo 42iQ Method Code 074 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Source-Oriented Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Micro Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers Not Applicable Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) 11.8 meters Airflow Arc 360º THIRTY-THIRD Probe Sample Line Material Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical distance to probe/inlet) Horizonal FEP 15.08 4.5 meters Vertical 0 meters Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal Horizonal distance to obstruction and vertical height of Vertical obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal Horizonal distance to the obstruction and vertical height of Vertical obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) Distance to Furnace or Flue Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count Groundcover Source: AMP256 DQI Report, AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction 18.2 meters No Furnace or Flue I-10 13.5 meters, N 249,514 Gravel West 43rd Avenue (WF) (04-013-4009) Site Location 43rd Ave. & Broadway Rd., Phoenix Spatial Scale Middle Site Type Highest Concentration Site Description: This site began operating in April 2002. This SLAMS location monitors for PM10. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, and wind speed/direction. The site is located near a combination of heavy industrial operations and residential homes to measure maximum PM10 concentrations. The sources around the site include sand and gravel operations, automobile and metal recycling facilities, landfills, paved and unpaved haul roads, and cement casting. WEST 43RD AVENUE County ID: WF AQS ID: 04-013-4009 Address: 3940 W Broadway Rd., Phoenix Coordinates: 33.40635 N, -112.14426 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant PM10 Parameter Code 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Appendices Yes A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per Not Applicable §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) Not Applicable Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) 25 Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Bi-Weekly Number of PE Audits Performed 4 03/03/22 06/06/22 Dates of PE Audits 09/13/22 12/07/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 04/01/2002 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make – Model Thermo - TEOM 1405-S Method Code 079 PM Monitor Flow Type Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type Size Specific Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Highest Concentration Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Middle WEST 43RD AVENUE Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers Not Applicable Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) 4.6 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material Not Applicable Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Not Applicable Horizontal 0 meters Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical distance to probe/inlet) Vertical 1.9 meters Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal distance Horizontal no obstruction to obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above Vertical no obstruction probe/inlet) Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal Horizontal 13.7 meters distance to the obstruction and vertical height of Vertical 0 meters obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) 20.1 meters Distance to Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue Broadway Rd. (E of 35th Nearest Major Roadway A Ave.) Distance and Direction to Road 37 meters, S Average Daily Traffic Count 12,501 th 35 Ave. (N. of Broadway Nearest Major Roadway B Rd.) Distance and Direction to Road 1 kilometer, E Average Daily Traffic Count 28,398 Groundcover Gravel Source: AMP256 DQI Report, AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report West Chandler (WC) (04-013-4004) Site Location Frye Rd. & Ellis St., Chandler Spatial Scale Neighborhood Site Type Population Exposure Site Description: This site began operating in January 1995, This SLAMS location monitors for CO, O3, and PM10. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. The site is surrounded by residential, agricultural, and heavy industrial operations, such as semiconductor manufacturing plants and liquid air storage. The PM10 monitor’s scale of representativeness was first established as middle scale, but it was changed to neighborhood in June 2019 to better reflect land use currently surrounding the site. WEST CHANDLER County ID: WC AQS ID: 04-013-4004 Address: 275 S Ellis, Chandler Coordinates: 33.29896 N, -111.88426 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant CO O3 PM10 Parameter Code 42101 44201 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Not Not Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Applicable Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No No No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Yes Yes Yes Subpart G – Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual Not Not Not Applicable PM2.5 NAAQS as per §58.30? Applicable Applicable Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Yes Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks 26 26 Not Performed (Gases) Applicable Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed 26 Not (PM) Not Applicable Applicable Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Bi-Weekly Number of PE Audits Performed 2 2 4 03/22/22 03/22/22 04/20/22 06/02/22 Dates of PE Audits 09/21/22 10/05/22 09/08/22 12/29/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Yes Yes Yes Submitted to AQS? 4/28/23 Date of Annual Data Certification Submission Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 07/01/2000 07/01/2000 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API – Teledyne API Monitor Make - Model 300T – 400T Method Code 093 087 Not PM Monitor Flow Type Not Applicable Applicable 07/01/2000 SLAMS Thermo – TEOM 1405-S 079 Low Volume WEST CHANDLER PM Monitor Collection Type Not Applicable Not Applicable Size Specific Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FEM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Yes Yes Yes Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Not Not Distance between collocated samplers Not Applicable Applicable Applicable Probe Height (distance above ground level to 4.5 meters 4.5 meters 5.2 meters inlet) Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º Not Probe Sample Line Material FEP FEP Applicable Not Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) 4.14 4.24 Applicable Distance from Supporting Horizontal 0 meters 0 meters 0 meters Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and vertical distance to Vertical 1.4 meters 1.4 meters 2.2 meters probe/inlet) no no Distance from Obstructions on Horizontal no obstruction obstruction obstruction Roof (horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical height of no no Vertical no obstruction obstruction above probe/inlet) obstruction obstruction Distance from Obstructions Not Horizontal 14 meters 14 meters 14 meters on Roof (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical height Vertical 3 meters 3 meters 3 meters of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) Distance to Furnace or Flue Nearest Major Roadway A Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count 7.3 meters* 7.3 meters* 8.2 meters* No Furnace or Flue Frye Rd. 30 meters, S 20,494 No Furnace or No Furnace or Flue Flue Frye Rd. Frye Rd. 30 meters, S 30 meters, S 20,494 20,494 WEST CHANDLER Pavement / Groundcover Gravel Source: AMP256 DQI Report, AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report Pavement / Gravel Pavement / Gravel * MCAQD is aware that these measurmenets do not meet siting requirements. The trees closest to the monitor inlets are not on MCAQD property. MCAQD is working with property owners to change the situation to move make adjustments to achieve compliance. West Phoenix (WP) (04-013-0019) Site Location 39th Ave. & Earll Dr., Phoenix Spatial Scale Neighborhood Site Type Population Exposure for CO, NO2, O3, PM10, and Highest Concentration for PM2.5 Site Description: This site began operating in January 1984. This SLAMS location monitors for CO, NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature, barometric pressure, and wind speed/direction. The site is in an area of stable, high-density, residential properties. This is the QA collocation site for PM2.5 where one filter based PM2.5 FRM sampler operates alongside a continuous PM2.5 FEM analyzer as per 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix A. WEST PHOENIX County ID: WP AQS ID: 04-013-0019 Address: 3847 W Earll, Phoenix Coordinates: 33.48378 N, -112.14256 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information 81102 1 PM2.5 Primary 88101 3 PM2.5 Secondary 88101 2 Continuous Continuous 1 in 12 days Pollutant CO CO NO2 NO2 O3 O3 PM10 Parameter Code Parameter Occurrence Code 42101 1 42101 1 42602 1 42602 1 44201 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous 44201 1 Continuou s Analysis Method (filter samples only) Analytical Laboratory (filter samples only) Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Number of Required Collocated Assessments (PM2.5 Only) As per 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix L Pace Analytical® Laboratory Not Applicable Not Applicable No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable 26 26 12 Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Monthly Not Applicable Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs 15 11 15 11 15 11 Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Not Applicable Not Applicable 31 Number of Valid Collocation Assessments (PM2.5 Only) Number of Collocation Assessments (PM2.5 Only) Number of PE Audits Performed Dates of PE Audits Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 1 1 1 Not Applicable 31 Not Applicable 31 1 1 1 06/20/2022 12/05/2022 03/10/2022 08/17/2022 01/07/2022 06/01/202 2 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 3 4 06/08/2022 09/14/2022 06/08/2022 09/14/2022 12/05/2022 12/05/2022 03/02/2022 06/09/2022 09/15/2022 12/08/2022 Yes Yes Yes 02/01/1988 09/01/2005 06/13/2000 04/28/2023 Date Sampling Started 01/01/1984 Monitor Type SLAMS Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology 01/01/198 01/01/1984 05/24/1990 05/24/1990 01/01/1984 4 SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Thermo Thermo Thermo Teledyne Teledyne – Teledyne Thermo Monitor Make - Model Thermo 48iq Thermo 42iq TEOM TEOM 1405API 300T API 200T API 400T 49iq Partisol 2025 1405-DF DF Notes: The same monitor collects PM10 and PM2.5 hourly (continuous) measurements. The collocated Partisol 2025i sampler collects a QA filter sample once every 12 days. 7/26/2023 – The Teledyne API 200T, API 300T, and 400T were sampling was discontinued and the Thermo 42iq, 48iq, and 49iq were installed at the site. Method Code 93 54 99 74 87 47 208 182 145 Not Not Not Not Not Not Low PM Monitor Flow Type Low Volume Low Volume Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable Volume Not Not Not Not Not Not Dichotomou Size Specific & PM Monitor Collection Type Dichotomous Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable s Sequential Method Type (FRM, FEM, FRM FRM FRM FRM FEM FEM FEM FEM FRM ARM) Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Highest Population Population Population Population Population Population Population Highest Site Type Concentratio Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure Concentration n NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparis Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison on Monitoring Scale (Spatial Neighborhoo Neighborhoo Neighborhoo Neighborhoo Neighborhoo Neighborh Neighborho Neighborhoo Neighborhood Scale Represented) d d d d d ood od d Monitoring Season Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Distance between collocated PM2.5 monitors Distance between PM10 and PM2.5 monitors Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) Airflow Arc Not Applicable Not Applicable Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Not Not Not Not Not Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable Not Not Not Not Not Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable Applicable 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 0 meters 0 meters 2 meters 4.3 meters 4.3 meters 4.3 meters 4.3 meters 4.3 meters 4.3 meters 4.1 meters 4.1 meters 4 meters 360º 360º 360º 360º 360º 360º FEP FEP FEP FEP FEP 8.67 6.21 8.67 8.67 8.67 4.19 360º Not Applicable Not Applicable 360º FEP 360º Not Applicable Not Applicable Probe Sample Line Material Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Filter Sample Material Distance from Horizon Supporting tal Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and Vertical vertical distance to probe/inlet) Distance from Horizon Obstructions on tal Roof (horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical height of Vertical obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Horizon Obstructions Not tal on Roof (horizontal distance to the obstruction and Vertical vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) Not Applicable FEP Not Applicable FEP 0.2 meters 0.2 meters 0.2 meters 0.2 meters 0.2 meters 0.2 meters 0 meters 0 meters 0 meters 1.5 meters 1.5 meters 1.5 meters 1.5 meters 1.5 meters 1.5 meters 01.2 meters 1.2 meters 0.5 meters no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstructio n no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstructio n no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstructio n no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no obstructio n no obstruction no obstruction no obstruction no tree no tree no tree no tree no tree no tree no tree no tree no tree Distance to Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue Nearest Major Roadway Thomas Rd. Thomas Rd. Thomas Rd. Thomas Rd. Thomas Rd. 360 meters, S 30,907 Gravel 360 meters, S 30,907 Gravel Distance and Direction to Road Average Daily Traffic Count Groundcover 360 meters, S 30,907 Gravel 360 meters, S 30,907 Gravel 360 meters, S 30,907 Gravel Source: AMP256 DQI Report, AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report No Furnace or Flue Thomas Rd. 360 meters, S 30,907 Gravel No Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue Thomas Rd. Thomas Rd. Thomas Rd. 360 meters, S 360 meters, S 30,907 Gravel 30,907 Gravel 360 meters, S 30,907 Gravel Zuni Hills (ZH) (04-013-4016) Site Location 109th Ave. & Deer Valley Rd., Phoenix Spatial Scale Neighborhoo d Site Type Population Exposure Site Description: This site began operating in December 2009. This SLAMS location monitors for PM10. Meteorological monitoring includes ambient temperature and wind speed/direction. The station is located on the campus of the Zuni Hills Elementary School. ZUNI HILLS County ID: ZH AQS ID: 04-013-4016 Address: 10851 W Williams Rd., Sun City Coordinates: 33.68719 N, -112.29416 W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant PM10 Parameter Code 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (filter samples only) Not Applicable Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Does monitor operation meet 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart G – Yes Appendices A, C, D, and E? Is site suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per Not Applicable §58.30? Are Data Comparable to Respective NAAQS? Yes Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Performed (Gases) Not Applicable Frequency of 1-Point QC (Precision) Checks Number of Flow Rate Verifications Performed (PM) 26 Frequency of Flow Rate Verifications Bi-Weekly Number of PE Audits Performed 4 03/09/22 06/01/22 Dates of PE Audits 09/08/22 12/15/22 Annual Precision & PE Audit Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Date of Annual Data Certification Submission 4/28/23 Appendix B Requirements - PSD Monitoring - Not Applicable Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Sampling Started 12/01/2009 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make – Model Thermo - TEOM 1405-S Method Code 079 PM Monitor Flow Type Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type Size Specific Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Population Exposure ZUNI HILLS Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers Not Applicable Probe Height (distance above ground level to inlet) 2.9 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material Not Applicable Pollutant Sample Residence Time (seconds) Not Applicable 0 meters Distance from Supporting Structure/Roof (horizontal distance and Horizontal vertical distance to probe/inlet) Vertical 0.6 meters no Horizontal obstructions Distance from Obstructions on Roof (horizontal distance to obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) no Vertical obstructions Horizontal 14 meters Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof (horizontal distance to the obstruction and vertical height of obstruction above probe/inlet) Vertical 17 meters Distance from Dripline of Closest Tree(s) 30.1 meters Distance to Furnace or Flue No Furnace or Flue Nearest Major Roadway 107th Ave. Distance and Direction to Road 200 meters, E Average Daily Traffic Count 12,676 Groundcover Lawn / Soil Source: AMP256 DQI Report; AMP251 QA Raw Assessment report Appendix II - Discontinuation of the Thirty- Third Site PM2.5 Monitor Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 133 Background of Thirty-Third ............................................................................................. 134 Site Selection ............................................................................................................... 134 Initial Operation and Shutdown of the PM2.5 Monitor ............................................... 136 Shutdown of Diablo ..................................................................................................... 137 Environmental Conditions ............................................................................................... 138 November 2022 Area Survey .......................................................................................... 139 Evidence of Inappropriate Siting .................................................................................... 143 Influence from Nearby Unregulated Sources ............................................................ 143 Topography .................................................................................................................. 143 Roadside Structures .................................................................................................... 146 Inappropriate Siting Characteristics .......................................................................... 147 Comparing Thirty-Third PM2.5 to the NAAQS ................................................................ 148 Request to Discontinue the Thirty-Third PM2.5 Monitor ............................................... 150 Public Notification ........................................................................................................... 152 Appendix A ....................................................................................................................... 153 Letter of Approval for the Removal and Relocation of the Diablo Monitoring Site 153 Appendix B ....................................................................................................................... 164 Maps of Inspector Observations During the November 2022 Surveys ................... 164 Executive Summary The Thirty-Third air monitoring site was opened by the Maricopa County Air Quality Department (MCAQD) in 2015 as the second near-road site; the first was Diablo, which was opened in 2014. Thirty-Third was originally planned and sited only for a near-road nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitor, but carbon dioxide (CO) and particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) near-road monitors were also briefly operated there. After operations commenced, concentrations of PM2.5 were noted to be unusually high. An investigation noted that the monitor was being influenced by nearby unregulated residential and commercial wood burning and cooking smoke. Consequently, the monitor was shut down in 2016 because it was found to be inappropriately sited for either near-road or area-wide PM2.5 monitoring. PM2.5 and CO near-road monitoring continued at the Diablo site, and this was sufficient to meet the requirements of 40 CFR 58, Appendix D. In 2019, MCAQD was notified by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) that the Diablo site would need to be shut down because of freeway construction. A new site location was identified, but construction of the new site took 15 months. Following notification to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 9, MCAQD temporarily moved the CO and PM2.5 monitors that were at Diablo to the Thirty-Third site to ensure that at least one near-road NO2, CO, and PM2.5 monitor was operating in the Phoenix area. During discussions with EPA Region 9, MCAQD explained that these temporary monitors would be moved to the new site when it was opened. The PM2.5 and CO monitors from Diablo began operating at Thirty-Third in January 2020; in March 2021 they were moved to the new site, which was named Eastwood. In May 2022, EPA Region 9 informed MCAQD that a formal request to move these monitors from ThirtyThird to Eastwood was still needed; this document serves as that request and explains why Thirty-Third is an inappropriate location for a near-road or area-wide PM2.5 monitoring site. While the monitor was operating at Thirty-Third during 2020 and 2021, MCAQD again noted that PM2.5 concentrations were unusually high. On average, concentrations at Thirty-Third were 18% higher than the next highest site, West Phoenix. Correlation analyses showed that Thirty-Third was very similar to West Phoenix, especially in the winter, and also to Durango Complex. This demonstrates that Thirty-Third was monitoring the same or similar sources as West Phoenix and Durango Complex, with the added contribution of freeway emissions. To verify that no new sources were operating near the monitor, another investigation was conducted in November 2022 to survey sources in the area of the Thirty-Third site. This investigation again found many residential and commercial sources in the area. Especially on weekends, most of the emissions noted were unregulated wood burning or cooking smoke coming from residential, restaurant, and food truck sources. This source survey and other site characteristics, including topography—as the site is below the grade of the surrounding area, and roadside structures—as sound walls line the freeway in this area, demonstrate that Thirty-Third is still an inappropriate location for a near-road or area wide PM2.5 monitoring site. The guidance in the Near-Road NO2 Technical Assistant Document clarifies why the site does not meet the objective of a near-road PM2.5 monitoring site, while 40 CFR 58, Appendices D and E make it evident that this microscale site is not suitable as an area wide PM2.5 monitoring site either. The EPA expressed concern that the Thirty-Third PM2.5 monitor might have eventually violated the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for 24-hour PM2.5, though evidence suggests that emissions from nearby unregulated sources are pooling near the site due to topographical features and roadside structures thus making this an inappropriate PM2.5 monitoring site for comparing to the NAAQS. In addition, 2020 was an exceptionally bad year for particulate concentrations throughout Maricopa County due to impacts from wildfires and holiday fireworks usage. Nevertheless, MCAQD created a model to estimate concentrations in years when the monitor was not in operation. This model was used to estimate what the design value would have been with three years of monitoring data; MCAQD also ran the test outlined in 40 CFR 58.14 (c)(1), to determine if five years of modeled design values have less than a 10% chance of exceeding 80% of the 24-hour NAAQS. Modeled values suggest the site would not have violated the 24-hour NAAQS if three years of data were available, though it did not pass the 40 CFR 58.14 (c)(1) test when using five years of modeled data. Based on this information, MCAQD requests to permanently discontinue the PM2.5 monitor at the Thirty-Third site in accordance with 40 CFR 58.14; specifically, sections 58.14 (c), which allows for case-by-case consideration, and 58.14 (c)(4), due to the monitor being inapplicable for comparison to the NAAQS. This document provides a summary of the case-by-case considerations for the monitor being inapplicable for comparison to the NAAQS.: The closure of the Diablo site and the temporary move of the CO and PM2.5 monitors to the Thirty-Third site and then to the Eastwood site will be discussed in the MCAQD 2023 Air Monitoring Network Plan. The public will have the opportunity to comment on this during the standard Network Plan comment period. Background of Thirty-Third Site Selection The Thirty-Third site, AQS# 04-013-4020, was opened by MCAQD on September 1, 2015, as the second NO2 near-road site in the Phoenix metropolitan area. The first NO2 nearroad site was Diablo, AQS# 04-013-4019, which was opened on February 13, 2014. The 2012 analysis 1 completed by MCAQD to choose these two sites was focused exclusively on NO2, because the impetus to open the near-road sites was the 2010 revisions to the NAAQS for NO2. PM2.5 was not considered, because the regulation requiring near-road PM2.5 monitoring was not finalized until 2013 (78 FR 3286). The decision to add CO and PM2.5 monitors at these near-road sites came later, in an effort to comply with the 2013 amendments to 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix D. Diablo was chosen as the first near-road site in Maricopa County due to many favorable features for near-road NO2 monitoring. These features included heavy traffic volume and extreme congestion near the site. In Maricopa County, the I-10 freeway next to Diablo ranked number 1 in average weekday traffic (AWT) volume, number 3 in heavyduty diesel (HDD) truck traffic volume, and the traffic congestion was given a Level of Service (LOS) grade of ‘F’, which is considered extreme. Other favorable features for a near-road monitoring site included: roadway design (the I-10 freeway was at grade with the surrounding areas); roadside structures (there were no sound walls on this portion of the I-10 freeway); meteorology (the I-10 freeway ran perpendicular to the average wind direction in this area); and the minimal influence of background non-road sources (there were no significant NO2 stationary sources within a one-mile radius of the site, though there is a natural gas-fired power plant approximately three miles to the southeast). A few other features were less desirable, such as terrain (due to the location of nearby buttes); surrounding land use (the site had limited residential areas nearby); and population exposure (the population density in the area is moderate); but the overall score made this the best choice for a new site. For the second near-road site, MCAQD decided to find a location away from Diablo so as to represent a different area. MCAQD also wanted to locate the second near-road monitor in an area with high population density, as the Diablo area had a high proportion of commercial and industrial parcels and fewer residential parcels nearby. In our ranking of possible site location candidates, number 13 was the next best choice. Of the 12 higher ranked candidates, eleven were located on the same freeway stretch as Diablo and one (number 11) was located 30 feet below surrounding grade near the I-10 Deck Park tunnel. The number 13 location was at 34th Avenue and the I-10 freeway in a sound wall gap; however, this area was not available due to complications with the nearby freeway on-ramp, and instead ADOT gave us the spot at 33rd Avenue and the I10 which became the Thirty-Third site. This site had favorable features including being number 17 overall in AWT volume, number 12 in HDD traffic volume, and a traffic congestion LOS grade of ‘F’ (extreme). Additionally, there are mostly residential parcels nearby with some commercial parcels mixed in; there is a high population density in the surrounding area; and there are few stationary NO2 sources nearby, with the main source being a natural gas-fired power plant located approximately 2.5 miles to the southwest. However, there were some drawbacks to this location, including the freeway Pope, R. (2012). Near-Road NO2 Monitor Site Selection. Phoenix: Maricopa County Air Quality Department. 1 running in an east-west orientation (which is parallel to the average wind direction); the freeway being located approximately 20 feet below grade at this location; and the presence of sound walls on this stretch of freeway near all the residential areas. We hoped that the positive aspects would outweigh the negative and, as earlier noted, the effects of these features were only considered in regard to NO2 and not particulate pollution. Initial Operation and Shutdown of the PM2.5 Monitor After the Thirty-Third site opened in September 2015, it was noted that the PM2.5 monitor measured average concentrations that were higher than other sites in the network. Thirty-Third correlated well with the nearby West Phoenix PM2.5 monitor, located approximately 1.7 miles away, with an R2 value of 0.93, though average 1-hour concentrations were 10% higher for the period of September 1, 2015, through January 31, 2016 (Table 1). For the same period, NO2 and CO concentrations at Thirty-Third were 39% and 28% higher, respectively, than at West Phoenix, demonstrating the larger effect that freeway traffic emissions have on these pollutants compared to the effect they have on PM2.5. Table 25: Monthly PM2.5 averages for the period of September 1, 2015, through January 31, 2016. Site Overall September October November December January Diablo 9.4 6.1 7.1 9.0 11.8 12.6 Durango Complex 12.2 5.9 7.4 13.6 18.2 15.8 Glendale 9.1 4.7 5.0 8.6 13.7 13.2 Mesa 8.4 5.1 5.8 9.0 11.2 11.1 8.2 4.9 4.9 8.0 12.4 10.6 12.2 5.8 6.8 12.5 18.6 16.9 Tempe 9.7 - 6.2 9.1 11.4 11.1 Thirty-Third 13.7 6.5 7.9 13.9 21.4 18.3 North Phoenix South Phoenix West 12.3 5.7 6.7 11.4 19.4 18.0 Phoenix Due to the elevated concentrations, surveys were conducted around the Thirty-Third site in the fall of 2015 to verify that there weren’t any unpermitted sources operating illegally in the area. Air Quality Inspectors from the Compliance Division of MCAQD performed multiple surveys of the area, at differing times of day, with a goal of identifying any sources of particulate pollution, especially smoke. The only sources noted were cooking smoke, residential wood burning smoke, and area haze. The cooking smoke was noted to especially come from restaurants and outdoor grills located on McDowell Road, a half-mile north of the site. Residential wood burning smoke was noted throughout the area and came from both indoor fireplaces and outdoor firepits and grills. It was not possible to attribute the area haze to a source, but it was presumed to be coming from residential wood burning, both local to the area around the Thirty-Third site as well as being channeled from other urban areas due to the regional topography and then pooling in the subgrade freeway and landscape depressions. Because the Thirty-Third PM2.5 monitor was being unduly influenced by smoke from cooking and residential wood burning, and wasn’t uniquely representative of freeway traffic emissions alone, MCAQD decided to shut the near-road PM2.5 monitor down. Since the PM2.5 monitor was classified as a special purpose monitor which had been operating for less than 24 months, it was closed in March 2016 in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 58.20. Table 2 summarizes the dates when CO, NO2, and PM2.5 monitors were operating at the three near-road sites. Monitoring regulations only require one PM2.5 and CO near-road monitor in operation in the Phoenix metropolitan area, so MCAQD also shut down the CO monitor at the Thirty-Third site, since the Diablo site operated NO2, CO, and PM2.5 near-road monitors. Table 26. Open and close dates for the near-road monitoring sites in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Site Diablo ThirtyThird Eastwood Monitor Open Close Open Close CO February 21, 2014 December 31, 2019 NO2 February 21, 2014 December 31, 2019 PM2.5 May 1, 2014 December 31, 2019 CO September 1, 2015 March 31, 2016 January 1, 2020 February 28, 2021 NO2 September 1, 2015 PM2.5 September 1, 2015 March 31, 2016 January 1, 2020 February 28, 2021 CO March 5, 2021 NO2 March 5, 2021 PM2.5 March 5, 2021 Shutdown of Diablo ADOT notified MCAQD that the Diablo site must be removed from its location by the end of 2019, as ADOT was beginning a project to widen the I-10 freeway in that area. This project would eliminate the right-of-way that the monitoring site was located in. MCAQD began to look for a location for a new site and relied heavily on the initial near-road monitor siting analysis that was conducted in 2012. Comparisons were made between the 2012 and 2019 traffic estimates, but differences were minor and it was decided that the conclusions of the 2012 analysis were still valid. The location chosen for the new monitor is 4135 S. 36th St., which is located on the southern right-of-way of the I-10 freeway. The new site is approximately two miles to the west of the previous Diablo site and had ranked as number 5 on the 2012 analysis; as such, conditions are very similar to those at Diablo and this is still a high-priority area for near-road monitoring. MCAQD began constructing the new site, named Eastwood (AQS# 04-013-4021), but it would not be ready until March 2021. Following notification to EPA Region 9, MCAQD temporarily moved the CO and PM2.5 monitors that were at Diablo to the Thirty-Third site, to ensure at least one near-road NO2, CO, and PM2.5 monitor was operating in the Phoenix area 2. During discussions with EPA Region 9, MCAQD explained that the temporary CO and PM2.5 monitors from Thirty-Third would be moved to Eastwood when the new site was opened (see Appendix A). Following this plan, after Diablo was closed at the end of December 2019, the CO and PM2.5 monitors were moved to the Thirty-Third site where they operated for 14 months. When Eastwood was ready in March 2021, the monitors were again moved from Thirty-Third to the Eastwood site (Table 2). In May of 2022, EPA Region 9 performed a Technical System Audit (TSA) of MCAQD’s monitoring program. In the exit meeting for the TSA, the EPA mentioned that they had expected to receive a formal request from MCAQD for moving the CO and PM2.5 monitors from Thirty-Third to Eastwood, once that site had opened. This document serves as that formal request to move the near-road CO and PM2.5 monitors from ThirtyThird to Eastwood. Conditions around the site are documented and the reasons why the Thirty-Third site is inappropriate for near-road and area-wide PM2.5 monitoring of the surrounding neighborhoods are included. This report will also note that the Thirty-Third site does not meet PM2.5 monitor siting requirements and that it most likely would not have violated the 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS. As such, it qualifies for discontinuation in accordance with 40 CFR 58.14. Environmental Conditions In the 14 months that the PM2.5 monitor operated at the Thirty-Third site in 2020 and 2021, it usually had the highest average concentrations in the MCAQD PM2.5 network (Table 3). The PM2.5 concentrations during the period of January 2020 to February 2021 were on average 18% higher than the next highest monitor, West Phoenix. These differences varied depending on the season. During the winter burn season (November 2020 thru February 2021) there was only a 12% difference between Thirty-Third and West Phoenix. Outside of the winter burn season, Durango Complex had the second highest average PM2.5 concentrations with Thirty-Third being 16% higher (Table 4). See Appendix 1 for the EPA’s Review and Approval letter for moving the Diablo monitors to the Thirty-Third site. 2 Though it had the highest concentrations, Thirty-Third PM2.5 correlated well with the West Phoenix and Durango Complex monitors (Table 5). These correlations were also sensitive to the seasons, with the correlation being higher during the winter burn season than outside of it. These patterns suggest that Thirty-Third was influenced by the same sources surrounding the West Phoenix and Durango Complex monitors, though it also measured the local traffic emissions from the freeway. November 2022 Area Survey In order to verify that no new unpermitted sources of particulate matter had begun operation in the area of the Thirty-Third monitor since the surveys done in Fall 2015, MCAQD decided to conduct a new survey. The new survey also attempted to quantify unregulated sources and activities, such as restaurants, mobile food operations, and residential wood burning, that are occurring in the area of the monitor. The patterns of past PM2.5 concentrations from the Thirty-Third and nearby monitors were analyzed in order to determine the best times to conduct the survey. The preliminary analysis showed that 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations at Thirty-Third were highest on Saturdays and Sundays, followed by Thursdays and Wednesdays. On Saturdays and Sundays, concentrations were higher at West Phoenix than at Durango Complex. On Wednesdays and Thursdays, concentrations were higher at Durango Complex than at West Phoenix. The preliminary analyses also showed that, at Durango Complex, weekday PM2.5 concentrations were highest between 6:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m., likely due to the startup of industrial facilities in that area. At West Phoenix, weekend PM2.5 concentrations were highest between 12:00 a.m. and 3:00 a.m., likely due to residential wood burning occurring on Friday and Saturday evenings. Based on this preliminary analysis, a plan was made to survey the areas around Durango and Thirty-Third from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. on Wednesdays and Thursdays, and the areas around West Phoenix and Thirty-Third from 6:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. on Fridays and Saturdays. The surveys took place between November 2, 2022, and November 12, 2022. Four inspectors from the Compliance Division conducted the surveys. Two inspectors were assigned to each monitoring site and were instructed to continually drive through the area within two miles of that site. Inspectors were asked to record any observations of PM sources, including area haze or visible emissions. Table 27: Monthly PM2.5 averages for January 2020 through February 2021. Month Durango Complex Glendale Mesa North Phoenix South Phoenix Tempe ThirtyThird West Phoenix January 2020 16.6 10.9 7.6 11.9 15.7 7.8 22.3 20.2 February 2020 9.9 7.9 6.2 8.2 9.7 5.9 13.4 11.2 March 2020 5.9 * 3.7 4.9 5.0 3.9 7.3 5.4 April 2020 6.1 4.6 4.9 5.3 5.4 4.8 6.9 5.3 May 2020 6.4 5.7 5.9 5.9 6.4 5.5 8.0 5.6 June 2020 6.3 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.2 4.9 7.4 5.3 July 2020 5.8 5.6 6.4 6.4 6.4 5.8 7.5 5.8 August 2020 9.5 8.6 9.2 9.1 8.7 8.5 11.4 9.2 September 2020 10.6 8.6 9.1 8.0 9.9 8.2 12.5 9.7 October 2020 12.8 * 9.1 8.5 12.4 7.8 * 11.8 November 2020 * 8.5 * 9.3 17.1 8.2 19.3 13.3 December 2020 20.5 10.8 10.3 11.7 24.4 9.4 27.1 22.4 January 2021 18.7 11.5 11.7 11.3 17.6 9.6 22.9 24.0 February 2021 10.5 5.8 6.9 6.9 10.2 6.2 11.7 9.6 *Data completeness criteria not met Table 28: Average PM2.5 concentrations for the network during the period that the Thirty-Third monitor was in operation. Site January 2020 – February 2021 Percent Difference November 2020 – February 2021 Percent Difference March 2020 – October 2020 Percent Difference Durango Complex 11 22% 16.6 20% 8.0 16% Glendale 7.8 72% 9.4 113% 6.5 43% Mesa 7.6 76% 9.7 106% 6.8 37% North Phoenix 8.1 65% 9.9 102% 6.7 39% South Phoenix 10.9 23% 17.3 16% 7.5 24% Tempe 7 91% 8.8 127% 6.2 50% West Phoenix 11.4 18% 17.8 12% 7.3 27% Table 29: Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the Thirty-Third, Durango Complex, and West Phoenix PM2.5 monitors. Time Period Thirty Third and Durango Complex Thirty-Third and West Phoenix January 2020 – February 2021 0.82 0.90 November 2020 – February 2021 0.85 0.89 March 2020 – October 2020 0.75 0.79 Following the field survey, inspector observations were categorized and plotted on maps (Appendix B). Field work was done over a course of eight days, or 24 hours total. As there were usually four individual inspectors surveying for each hour, the final total was 93 collective hours of field surveys completed. The 477 observations made during this time period were plotted on the map. Table 6 shows the number of observations in each category. Table 30: Number of inspector observations recorded during the 2022 survey, by category. Category Wednesday and Thursday Friday and Saturday Total Burning Smell 30 39 69 Commercial Restaurant or Food Truck 31 89 120 Cooking or Grilling: Residential or Unspecified 25 80 105 Vehicle or Structure Fire 19 0 19 Residential Woodburning or Fireworks 13 45 58 Dust from a Non-Residential Source 10 0 10 Windblown Dust 4 0 4 Visible Emissions, Haze, or Odor from a Commercial Source 18 1 19 Visible Vehicle Emissions 22 10 32 Total 197 280 477 The spatial pattern of inspector observations tended to align with the known and suspected sources of PM. Thus, on weekday mornings, there were many more observations of haze and burning odor near the Durango Complex site than in other areas of the survey. This area has many industrial sources, such as concrete batch plants, sand and gravel mining, landfills, and mulching/green waste recycling operations, which are more active on weekdays. The majority of visible emissions from diesel trucks and locomotives were also noted in this area. The observations on Friday and Saturday evenings, on the other hand, noted far more residential sources, such as smoke from grilling, cooking, fireplaces, and outdoor firepits. Visible emissions from restaurants and food trucks were also far more prevalent on weekend evenings. Hazy conditions and burning odor from unspecified sources were noted at a lesser extent than on weekday mornings, but the locations tended to be much closer to the ThirtyThird site. Of particular note were the number of observations in the evenings that were within one mile of the Thirty-Third site. Friday and Saturday evenings had 36% more observations in the area than Wednesday and Thursday mornings. Evidence of Inappropriate Siting Influence from Nearby Unregulated Sources The area surveys that were completed in Fall 2015, as well as the surveys that were completed in November 2022, confirm that there are many unregulated sources of PM2.5 in the area of the Thirty-Third site. These include restaurants, mobile food truck cooking operations, residential outdoor cooking and grilling, and residential wood burning in fireplaces and fire pits. Considering the other characteristics of the area, e.g., topographic slope and depression as well as sound walls in this vicinity of the freeway, fine particulate matter from unregulated sources and traffic emissions are likely collecting and pooling near the Thirty-Third site. Thus, the Thirty-Third PM2.5 monitor was not representative of microscale near-road traffic emissions, as it was being unduly influenced by nearby unregulated sources. Nor was this monitor representative of the surrounding residential areas at middle or neighborhood monitoring scales due to its microscale area of representation. Topography The Thirty-Third site is located along a stretch of the I-10 freeway that is, on average, 20 feet below the grade of the surrounding neighborhoods. This below grade elevation continues to the east for approximately one-half mile and to the west for approximately 7 miles (Figure 2). MCAQD originally planned to place the second near-road site at 34th Avenue and I-10, where the freeway averages 10 to 15 feet below grade, but that location did not work due to the location of the freeway on-ramp and ADOT gave MCAQD the space at 33rd Avenue instead. MCAQD discussed the possibility of NO2 pooling and accumulating in the area, but believed that the physical properties of the gas and the typical time scale of maximum emissions during daytime traffic rush hours (when atmospheric mixing is greater) would maximize dispersion and minimize the negative effects of pooling. Since the site was not analyzed as a PM2.5 monitoring location, the physical properties of aerosols and the time patterns of their emissions in this area were not considered. As noted in Figure 1, average PM2.5 concentrations tend to increase in the evening, especially on weekends, after the sun has set; this is likely the result of wood burning and cooking activities by the aforementioned residential and commercial sources. These activities, on average, probably cease by the late night, but atmospheric subsidence and the terrain features likely concentrate locally emitted aerosols near the monitor. At a larger urban landscape scale, topographic features and late-night atmospheric subsidence serve to funnel aerosol emissions from across the mid-town Phoenix urban area toward the Salt River (Figure 2). This intra-urban transport of aerosols within the Phoenix metropolitan area has been demonstrated by MCAQD in multiple (annually between 2013 and 2020) internal studies of the wintertime burn season. In light of this evidence, it is likely that transported aerosol emissions from other parts of the metropolitan area impacted the Thirty-Third PM2.5 monitor, especially during the winter burn season. Figure 16: PM2.5 concentrations for three PM2.5 sites by time of day on (A) weekdays (Monday-Friday) and (B) weekends (Saturday-Sunday) in November 2020. (A) Weekday Time of Day Comparisons November 2020 PM2.5 (µg/m3) 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 12:00 AM 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 0.0 Durango Complex Thirty-Third West Phoenix 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 12:00 AM 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM PM2.5 (µg/m3) (B) Weekend Time of Day Comparisons November 2020 Durango Complex Thirty-Third West Phoenix Figure 17: Elevations, in feet above sea level (ASL), in the area of southwest Phoenix and the Thirty-Third monitoring site. Roadside Structures The existence of sound walls in the area of the Thirty-Third monitor likely exacerbated the issues with terrain. On this section of the I-10 freeway, sound walls start at 29th and 30th Avenues on the south and north sides, respectively, and continue west to 43rd Avenue. Besides the breaks for arterial road intersections and crossovers, there are also breaks in the south sound walls at 33rd and 34th Avenues, though the earthen berm foundations rise up to the same elevation as adjoining walls (Figure 3 and Figure 4). Figure 18: Looking south from I-10 and 33rd Avenue at the Thirty-Third site (Google Street View). Figure 19: Looking south from I-10 and 34th Avenue at the sound wall break (Google Street View). The location at 34th Avenue was the first choice for a site because the gap in the sound wall was larger, but the location of the on-ramp disqualified this area (Figure 4). After being offered the space at 33rd Avenue, MCAQD decided that the differences between the two locations were minimal, with respect to near-road NO2 monitoring. The sound walls were of concern in the 2012 analysis and were considered the major detractor for siting a near-road monitor in this area; but MCAQD concluded the positives of the area outweighed the negatives and this would still be the best available stretch of freeway to site the second near-road NO2 monitor. As with the topographic features that were previously mentioned, there was concern about NO2 being trapped in this area, but it was felt that the physical properties of the gas and the temporal pattern of emissions would minimize this issue. The effects of the sound walls on trapping aerosols in the area was not considered. Inappropriate Siting Characteristics The Thirty-Third location was chosen as a near-road NO2 monitoring site. The analysis parameters used to pick this site included: • • • • • • Traffic fleet mix counts and traffic congestion Roadway design Roadside structures Terrain Meteorology Population exposure • • • • • • Safety features for service personnel Interchanges/crossovers Surrounding land use Nearby permitted NOX sources Frontage roads Availability of support infrastructure Each candidate site was scored by these parameters in accordance with 40 CFR 58, Appendix D.4.3.2(a)(1). More weight was given to the traffic parameters, and so even though there were drawbacks to this location, the high nearby traffic volume ultimately resulted in it achieving a high score in the site selection matrix that was developed. However, these analyses pertained only to siting an NO2 monitor and not a PM or CO monitor. It was quickly realized when the monitor was first operated in 2015 that, due to these drawbacks, Thirty-Third was an inappropriate location for a near-road PM2.5 site. Thus, the PM2.5 monitor was discontinued in 2016 in accordance with 40 CFR 58.20. When the PM2.5 monitor was operated in 2020 and 2021, these problems came up again. In addition to the points identified in this report, the following sources provide further evidence that the site is inappropriately sited: • 3 Near-Road NO2 Monitoring Technical Assistance Document 3 - Section 13.2 of the document states that it is desirable to have a near-road site that is mostly influenced by typical roadway activity instead of those that are heavily influenced by background stationary sources or features such as terrain or roadway design. As pointed out in this report, there is a great deal of evidence that the Thirty-Third PM2.5 monitor is being heavily influenced by nearby unregulated background sources, the terrain in the area, and roadway design features such as sound walls. Thus, it is evident that the Thirty- Watkins, N., & Baldauf, R. (2012). Near-road NO2 monitoring technical assistance document (No. EPA-454/B-12-002). Third site is inappropriate for the objective as a near-road PM2.5 monitoring site. (Note: as a near-road technical assistance document (TAD) doesn’t exist for PM2.5 monitoring, the Near-Road NO2 TAD was consulted instead; Sections 13.4 and 16 in the document support using it in this manner). 40 CFR 58, Appendices D and E - The Thirty-Third PM2.5 monitor was appropriately designated to be spatially representative at the microscale, as defined by Appendix D.1.2, Appendix E.6.3, and Table E-1, due to these features: o The average daily traffic of affecting roads is 490,838. This was measured in the 2012 analysis as the fleet equivalency average weekday traffic count (FE-AWT). Even if fleet equivalency isn’t used, the AWT is 260,136. o The distance of the PM2.5 monitor probe to the nearest traffic lane was 13.5 meters. o The height of the PM2.5 monitor probe was 7 meters. Since the Thirty-Third PM2.5 monitor is inappropriate as a near-road monitor, this would make it a microscale monitor with an objective of measuring area-wide concentrations comparable to the NAAQS, i.e., a traffic corridor where the general public is exposed to maximum concentrations from mobile sources. However, 40 CFR 58, Appendix D.4.7(c)(1) notes that PM2.5 SLAMS sites measured at the microscale should be limited to urban sites that are representative of long-term human exposure and of many such microenvironments in the area. Thirty-Third, as a microscale near-road site located on an extremely busy freeway 20 feet below the grade of surrounding areas and sound walls, does not meet this criterion and therefore does not meet the objective and type requirements of 40 CFR 58, Appendix D.1. Thus, Thirty-Third is not an appropriate monitoring site for comparing area-wide PM2.5 to the 24-hour NAAQS. • Comparing Thirty-Third PM2.5 to the NAAQS As previously mentioned, the Thirty-Third PM2.5 monitor generally had the highest concentrations within the Maricopa County monitoring network, though this document provides evidence that this is due to influence from unregulated sources which are being pooled near the site due to topographical features and roadside structures, making this an inappropriate PM2.5 monitoring site. Nevertheless, for 2020, this equated to an exceedance of the 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS with a 98th percentile of 36.7 µg/m3 (note that as a microscale monitor, Thirty-Third cannot be compared to the annual PM2.5 NAAQS as per 40 CFR 58.30). This implies that Thirty-Third would have violated the 24-hour NAAQS if it had operated for three years to generate a design value. While this is a possibility, 2020 was exceptionally bad for particulate concentrations, due mainly to holiday firework usage and wildfire smoke intrusions which impacted all of Maricopa County. To get a picture of what the design value would have been if years outside of 2020 were monitored, an extrapolation model was created to see if Thirty-Third would have violated the NAAQS between 2018 and 2022, and if the site would pass the test in 40 CFR 58.14 (c)(1), if five years of modeled design values have less than a 10% chance of exceeding 80% of the 24-hour NAAQS. As noted in the Background section, temporal trends at Thirty-Third correlated well with West Phoenix and Durango Complex. There is ample evidence that the PM2.5 sources which are influencing West Phoenix and Durango Complex are also influencing Thirty-Third, in addition to the near-road influence of traffic emissions. Therefore, the model looked at the ratio of ThirtyThird 2020 annual concentrations to an average of the Durango Complex-West Phoenix concentrations. After the average increase of Thirty-Third was calculated, this ratio was applied to extrapolate the 98th percentile at Thirty-Third between 2016 and 2022. These values were then used to create a factored three-year design value (Table 7). Due to the previously mentioned effect of fireworks during New Year’s holidays, this model was also repeated after 24-hour values from December 31 and January 1 were removed as exceptional events and new 98th percentiles calculated. Results show that during the period of 2016 through 2022, 98th percentiles were the highest in 2020, though 2022 values were a close second. Because of this, the three-year design value from 2022 was the highest, though it still didn’t result in a violation of the 24-hour NAAQS (Table 7). Removing fireworks exceptional events decreased the 98th percentile in every year modeled, demonstrating how much effect holiday fireworks have on these statistics, especially at the West Phoenix and Thirty-Third sites. Though 2022 modeled design values at Thirty-Third were again the highest in the modeled period, it was still below the violation threshold (Table 8). Based on these extrapolation models, it is unlikely that Thirty-Third would have violated the 24hour NAAQS, especially when fireworks exceptional events are removed. However, the modeled concentrations, either with or without exceptional events, did not pass the 40 CFR 58.14(c)(1) test of having less than a 10% chance of exceeding 80% of the NAAQS (i.e., 28 µg/m3). The 90% confidence interval for the modeled values with and without exceptional events was 33.7 and 32.8 µg/m3, respectively. Table 31. Extrapolated three-year PM2.5 design values from the Thirty-Third site based upon a ratio from the 2020 98th percentile of monitored 24-hour concentrations. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 98th Percentile of Monitored 24-Hour Average Concentrations (µg/m3) Durango Complex 22.7 30.6 25.7 21.7 28.8 27.2 28.0 West Phoenix 23.8 30.2 30.6 23.4 33.9 26.0 33.0 Average Durango Complex and West Phoenix 23.3 30.4 28.2 22.6 31.4 26.6 30.5 Thirty-Third 36.7 Percent Difference 17.9% Modeled 24-Hour Average Concentrations (µg/m3) Thirty-Third (98th Percentile) 27.4 35.8 Thirty-Third (Design Value) 33.2 26.6 36.9 31.3 35.9 32.1 31.9 32.2 31.6 34.7 Table 32. Extrapolated three-year PM2.5 design values from the Thirty-Third site. In this model 24-hour values from December 31 and January 1 were removed as firework exceptional events. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 98th Percentile of Monitored 24-Hour Average Concentrations (µg/m3) Durango Complex 21.9 28.2 25.7 21.7 28.4 26.8 28.0 West Phoenix 23.5 27.4 28.7 23.3 33.8 25.2 29.0 Average Durango Complex and West Phoenix 22.7 27.8 27.2 22.5 31.1 26.0 28.5 Thirty-Third 36.4 Percent Difference 17.9% Modeled 24-Hour Average Concentrations (µg/m3) Thirty-Third (98th Percentile) Thirty-Third (Design Value) 26.8 32.8 32.1 26.5 36.7 30.7 33.6 30.5 30.5 31.8 31.3 33.6 Request to Discontinue the Thirty-Third PM2.5 Monitor MCAQD requests to be allowed to permanently discontinue the PM2.5 monitor at the ThirtyThird site in accordance with 40 CFR 58.14. Because the monitor was only meant to be operated temporarily until the Eastwood near-road site was ready, there were only 14 months of data collected from the monitor in 2020 and 2021. As such, many of the criteria listed in 40 CFR 58.14 are not applicable, except for 58.14(c) and 58.14(c)(4), i.e., the case-by-case consideration and the monitor being inapplicable for comparison to the NAAQS. The following is a summary of the case-by-case considerations for the monitor being inapplicable for comparison to the NAAQS.: • • • • • • The Thirty-Third site was originally sited as a near-road NO2 site. The positives of the site were thought to outweigh the disadvantages, but this was only considered with respect to NO2; MCAQD believed that the physical properties of NO2 gas would be sufficient for dispersion. The properties of aerosols, including the increase in late evening emissions and the tendency to pool near the site, were not considered and the site is inappropriate as a near-road PM2.5 site. The Thirty-Third site is being impacted by nearby aerosol emissions from unregulated sources. Extensive surveys of the area have demonstrated that this is largely due to cooking smoke from both commercial and residential sources, residential wood burning in fireplaces, and outdoor fire pits. The terrain of the immediate area around the Thirty-Third site includes the I-10 freeway being located in a channel that is 20 feet below the grade of the surrounding area and is believed to cause aerosols to be trapped and pool near the site when atmospheric mixing isn’t taking place. In addition, the larger landscape-scale topography of the airshed basin shows that this entire area slopes down toward the Salt River. Late night atmospheric subsidence is known to drain and funnel aerosol emissions from the higher elevations in the metropolitan urban area down toward the river, potentially impacting and pooling near the Thirty-Third site. Roadside structures, i.e., sound walls, surround the Thirty-Third site in between residential areas and the I-10 freeway subgrade channel. These sound walls likely exacerbate the terrain problems previously mentioned. The Thirty-Third site is inappropriate for siting a PM2.5 monitor, for either near-road or area-wide NAAQS comparison objectives. The influence of background unregulated aerosol sources and the physical conditions which tend to aggregate those aerosols in the area surrounding the site preclude it from properly characterizing traffic emissions as a near-road PM2.5 monitor. The location of the sample port and the volume of traffic on the I-10 freeway necessitates that a PM2.5 site operates at the microscale spatial scale of representativeness. The physical conditions surrounding this site preclude a microscale monitor from being used to compare to the NAAQS as noted in 40 CFR 58, Appendix D.4.7(c)(1). Although the PM2.5 monitor did not operate long enough to determine if it would be a NAAQS violating site, extrapolation modeling suggests that it would not have violated the NAAQS. Note that this same modeling does not suggest that it passes the test in 40 CFR 58.14(c)(1), i.e., having less than a 10% chance of exceeding 80% of the 24-hour NAAQS. However, the high 98th percentile values influencing this modeling are associated with the exceptionally bad years of 2020 and 2022 when the entire Maricopa County PM2.5 network was impacted by holiday fireworks usage and transported wildfire smoke. Public Notification The closure of the Diablo site and the temporary move of the CO and PM2.5 monitors to the Thirty-Third site and then to the Eastwood site will be discussed in MCAQD’s 2023 Air Monitoring Network Plan. Thus, the public will be notified of the reason the monitors were moved from Diablo, why Thirty-Third was an inappropriate site for a near-road or area-wide NAAQS compliance PM2.5 monitor, and that they are now operating at Eastwood in their intended near-road monitoring objective. The public will have the opportunity to comment on this during the standard Network Plan comment period. Appendix A Letter of Approval for the Removal and Relocation of the Diablo Monitoring Site Appendix B Maps of Inspector Observations During the November 2022 Surveys Appendix III - Public Notice and Comment Information Figure 16 shows the public comment period announcement, which appeared in The Record Reporter on May 19th and May 26th, 2023. The public comment period was from May 22nd, 2023, to June 21st, 2023. Additionally, the public notice was posted on the Maricopa County Air Quality Department website at Maricopa.Gov/1624. 2023 Public Comment Period Announcement Figure 20 Network Plan Public Notice Public Meeting Attendance – June 7th Attendance to the virtual open forum meeting was taken by AJ Mesko in lieu of a sign-in sheet, and a list of attendees is shown on Table 26. Table 33 2022 Open Forum Meeting Attendees Name Agency AJ Mesko Maricopa County Air Quality Department Karla Copeland Maricopa County Air Quality Department Maricopa County Air Quality Department Public Comments Received and MCAQD Responses As stated in the announcement, the open forum meeting provides an opportunity for members of the public and air monitoring community to discuss the County’s air monitoring network. No comments were received during the 30-day comment period. Appendix IV - Glossary Glossary of Acronyms and Terms ADEQ: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality AADT: annual average daily traffic count aka: Also known as AMD: Air Monitoring Division AMNP: Air Monitoring Network Plan - an annual report produced for U.S. EPA each calendar year that provides comprehensive information regarding the performance of the County’s air quality surveillance system, e.g., network of SLAMS and SPM monitoring stations and / or sites, and the data collected and reported to EPA. The plan includes proposed future changes to the system as well. Analysis Method Refers to the laboratory method used to process and analyze PM and Pb filter samples. Analyzer: A monitor that samples the air and produces real-time data without collecting a sample that must be laboratory analyzed. ANSI: American National Standards Institute AQI: Air Quality Index - the index that applies to each criteria pollutant and shows the concentration of each pollutant relative to its respective standard. When the AQI reaches 101, the pollutant’s concentration has exceeded the NAAQS. AQS: Air Quality System, sometimes defined as the Air Quality Subsystem. The AQS is the U.S. EPA’s ambient air database. ASQ: American Society for Quality Attainment: Attainment refers to a geographical area as being “in compliance” with a NAAQS and the U.S. Clean Air Act. After several years of no violations of a NAAQS, the U.S. EPA can classify a geographic area as in attainment for a particular Criteria Pollutant. AWT: Average Weekday Traffic count BAM: Beta Attenuation Monitor. A continuous particulate measuring instrument used previously by MCAQD to measure PM10. CAA: Clean Air Act CASAC: Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee CBSA: Core-Based Statistical Area – is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as a statistical geographic entity consisting of the county or counties associated with at least one urbanized area/urban cluster of at least 10,000 in population, plus adjacent counties having a high degree of social and economic integration. CFR: The Code of Federal Regulations is published annually and contains the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. An eCFR is a free electronic version; however, it is not the legal version. Class I Area: Federally designated areas of special national or regional scenic, recreational, or historic value where maximum protection of environmental quality is highest. Class 1 areas are subject to special protection including mandated visibility requirements to prevent significant deterioration. CO: Carbon monoxide, a criteria pollutant Collocated: The practice of establishing a second pollutant monitor within a specified distance and of a specified type at a monitoring site for quality assurance purposes. Continuous Monitor: A method of monitoring air pollutants that is continually measuring the quantity of the pollutant, either gaseous or particulate. Continuous monitors are analyzers that can obtain real-time or short-term averages of pollutants. Continuous monitors may also be referred to as “automated” monitors. Criteria Pollutants: Six pollutants (CO, O3, NO2, Pb, PM, and SO2) that have NAAQS established by the U.S. EPA. CSA: Combined Statistical Area - is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as when very large cities combine two or more CBSAs, these larger areas are referred to as combined statistical areas CSN: The chemical speciation network - a nationwide, research air monitoring network designed to ferret-out the chemical constitutes of and to discern trends in PM2.5 pollution. This program is managed by the U.S. EPA OAQPS. Delta T: The difference between two levels of temperature measurements - Delta T is measured in the MCAQD network at heights of 2 and 10 meters. A higher temperature at the upper level indicates a temperature inversion. Design Value: A design value is a statistic that describes the air quality status of a given area relative to the level of the NAAQS. For a concentration-based standard, the air quality design value is simply the standard-related test statistic. The design value of a pollutant monitoring network is the highest sample value in the network used to compare to the NAAQS; i.e., the 24-hour PM2.5 design value for the network is the monitor with the highest 3year average of the 98th percentile. Distance from Obstructions Not on Roof: Means the horizontal distance and vertical height in meters from obstructions such as trees, walls, etc. that are higher than the sample probe/inlet. Distance from Obstructions on Roof: Means the horizontal distance and vertical height in meters from obstructions on a roof such as a parapets, penthouses, and firewalls to the sample probe/inlet. Distance from Supporting Structure: Means the horizontal distance and vertical height in meters from a building or shelter roof to the sample probe/inlet. A roof supports all monitors; whether it be the roof of a building, trailer (room/shelter), or monitor housing cabinet. EBAM: E-Beta Attenuation Monitor - is a rugged, portable, battery or solar-operated analyzer that is suitable for obtaining and reporting continuous measurements of particulate matter in remote locations. EBAMs are often equipped with wind speed and direction instrumentation as well. EBAMs are particularly useful for temporary measurements of PM related to an event. EPA R9: Environmental Protection Agency Region 9 EE: Exceptional Event – a high pollution event that is considered to be uncontrollable and caused by natural sources of pollution or an event that is not expected to recur at a given location. An EE can apply to any Criteria Pollutant. Event: Generally, refers to a high pollution day where a NAAQS was exceeded. Exceedance: Generally, refers to a high pollution day where a NAAQS was exceeded. FDMS-TEOM: Filter Dynamics Measurement System-Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance - a continuous particulate analyzer used by MCAQD to measure PM2.5. FEM: Federal Equivalent Method - an EPA-approved method of sampling and analyzing the ambient air for an air pollutant, i.e., includes the monitor and its operating firmware and procedure(s). An FEM must pass required testing found in 40 CFR Part 53 and show pollutant data produced are similar to the Federal Reference Method (FRM). Continuous particulate matter and some gaseous analyzers are FEMs. Filter-based sampler: A method of monitoring particulate pollution that involves exposing a pre-weighed filter to a specific flow rate for a prescribed period of time, usually midnight to midnight, or 1440 minutes. The filters are then post-weighed to determine the mass of particulates per volume, e.g., µg/m3. Filter samples are stored for a period and can be referenced later if needed. FRM: Federal Reference Method - an EPA-approved method of sampling and/or analyzing the ambient air for an air pollutant, i.e., includes the monitor and its operating firmware and procedure(s). An FRM must pass required testing found in 40 CFR Part 53 and show data produced are accurate based on acceptable precision and bias limits. These methods are the baseline that all other methods reference, e.g., Federal Equivalency Methods (FEM). HAPs: Hazardous Air Pollutants - airborne chemicals that are been listed in the federal Clean Air Act and have an associated standard or process requirement determined for it. Sample Probe/Inlet Height: Means the vertical height in meters above the roof, or additional supporting structure on top of the roof if present, to the air sample intake. In general, gas samples enter through a probe at the end of the sample line and PM and Pb samples enter through an inlet that helps control the aerodynamic size of particles sampled. MAG: Maricopa Association of Governments MCAQCED: Maricopa County Air Quality Compliance and Enforcement Division MCAQD: Maricopa County Air Quality Department Metadata: refers to data that provide information about other data; and typically includes geospatial and non-geospatial information. See EPA Metadata Specifications MO: Monitoring organization Monitor: Monitor is a term that refers to an instrument, sampler, analyzer, or other device that measures or assists in the measurement of atmospheric air pollutants and which is acceptable for use in ambient air surveillance under the applicable provisions of 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix C. µg/m3: micrograms per cubic meter µm: micrometers MSA: Metropolitan Statistical Area is designated by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as a geographical area based on the concept of a core area with a large population nucleus, plus adjacent communities having a high degree of economic and social integration within that core. Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas are the two categories of CBSAs. Metropolitan areas have populations greater than 50,000, and micropolitan areas have populations between 10,000 and 50,000. The MCAQD operates air monitoring stations within the Phoenix-Mesa MSA, which includes portions of Maricopa and Pinal County. NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standards - health and welfarebased standards established by the U.S. EPA that set permissible airborne concentration levels for the Criteria Pollutants. NATTS: National Air Toxics Trend Stations - a nationwide, research air monitoring program designed to measure toxic air pollutant trends. This program is managed by the U.S. EPA OAQPS. NCore: National Core multi-pollutant is a national network of multipollutant monitoring sites used to represent the nation as a whole. There are currently ~75 NCore sites, 1 to 3 per state plus Washington D.C., Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico located in both urban and rural areas. This program is managed by the U.S. EPA OAQPS. Network: All stations of a given type or types NO2: Nitrogen dioxide. The indicator compound used to gauge the ambient concentration of NOx. NOX: Nitrogen oxide(s), a criteria pollutant. NOx is the sum of nitric oxide (NO), NO2, and other nitrogen-containing compounds. Nonattainment: Means a geographical area is “not in compliance” with the NAAQS and the U.S. Clean Air Act. After several years of violating a NAAQS, the EPA can classify a geographic area as being in nonattainment for a particular criteria pollutant. O3 : Ozone, a criteria pollutant OAQPS: The U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, located in Research Triangle Park, N.C., which serves as EPA “Headquarters” for ambient air monitoring guidance and the NAAQS reviews. PAMS: Photochemical Ambient Monitoring Stations - a nationwide, research air monitoring program designed to measure specific airborne chemicals that are known to be “precursor pollutants” that form ozone when combined with ultraviolet light and heat. This program is managed by the U.S. EPA OAQPS. PCAQCD: Pinal County Air Quality Control District Pb: Lead, a criteria pollutant Performance Evaluation (PE) Audit: Quality Assurance audits performed on pollutant monitors. PM: Particulate matter, also known as “particulates”, project manager, or preventative maintenance depending on context PM2.5: Particulate matter 2.5 micrometers in aerometric diameter or smaller, a criteria pollutant. PM2.5 is also referred to as “fine” particulate matter. PM10: Particulate matter 10 micrometers in aerometric diameter or smaller, a criteria pollutant PM10-2.5 and / or PMc: “Coarse” particulate matter is less than 10 micrometers, but recently, has come to mean PM10 minus PM2.5, not currently regulated as a lone criteria pollutant. ppb: parts per billion ppm: parts per million PQAO: Primary quality assurance organization - a monitoring organization (MO) or other organization that is responsible for a set of air monitoring stations that monitor the same pollutant and for which data quality assessments can be pooled. Each criteria pollutant sampler/monitor at a monitoring station in the SLAMS and SPM networks must be associated with one, and only one, primary quality assurance organization. Primary Standard: The portion of the NAAQS designed to protect public health. Probe: The end of a sample line where a gas sample is extracted from the atmosphere for delivery to a point analyzer for pollutant analysis Probe/Inlet Height: The vertical height in meters above ground level to the air sample intake location for an analyzer or sampler Probe (Sample) Line Material: Refers to the chemical composition of the sample line tubbing. QA: Quality Assurance – generally refers to the administrative or managerial processes in place to verify that quality control activities are successfully carried out by personnel and that data produced meet specified quality requirements prior to use, i.e., written guidance documents, program oversight activities, etc. QC: Quality Control – generally refers to the technical activities in place to produce high quality data, i.e., air monitoring instruments operate within specified criteria, data collection from sites, etc. Quality System: The overall system of technical activities that measure the attributes and performance of a process, item, or service against defined standards to verify that they meet the stated requirements established by the customer. (see ANSI/ASQ E42004) Rapid Response: Rapid Response Notification System - a communication tool used by MCAQD to manage high pollution events by alerting residents, intergovernmental personnel, and stakeholders of increasing PM concentrations. Sampler: A type of air monitor that collects a physical sample for analysis. Air samples may be collected onto a filter, cartridge, or other medium, or into a device such as a canister. Sample Residence Time: This measurement applies to CO, NO2, O3, and SO2 sample lines and it mean the amount of time in seconds that it takes for a sample of air to travel from the probe intake to the bulkhead of the point analyzer. EPA recommends a residence time of 10 seconds, but 20 second is the maximum allowable. Secondary Standard: The portion of the NAAQS designed to protect public welfare and the environment. SIP: State Implementation Plan - a SIP is a plan produced by state and/or local regulatory agencies that specifies obligations that will be taken for a geographic area in nonattainment to meet the NAAQS for a criteria pollutant. SIPs are also developed for maintaining compliance with the NAAQS. Site: A site is a geographic location. One or more air monitoring stations can be located at a site. SLAMS: State and Local Air Monitoring Station - the SLAMS network consists of approximately 5,000 monitoring stations nationwide whose size and distribution is largely determined by the needs of State and local air pollution control agencies to meet their respective SIP requirements. Other types of monitoring stations include: NCore (national core) and SPM (special purpose). Currently, the MCAQD operates SLAMS only. SO2: Sulfur dioxide, a criteria pollutant SPM: Special Purpose Monitor - a special purpose monitor provides data for special studies needed by the State and local agencies to support SIPs and other air program activities. The SPMs are not permanently established as part of a particular pollutant’s monitoring station(s); their location can be adjusted easily to accommodate changing needs and priorities. SSI: Size Selective Inlet - the inlet used on high- and low-volume particulate samplers and analyzers to determine the size of particles sampled or measured by the monitor. The particle size separation process usually employs impaction, filtration, or cyclonic flow. Station: A station may comprise a single pollutant monitor, or a group of monitors with a shared objective, located at a particular site. TEOM: Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance - an automated, continuous FEM PM analyzer used by MCAQD to measure PM10 and/or PM2.5 concentrations, depending upon the instrument model and air sample inlet configuration(s). tpy: tons per year UATMP: Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program - a nationwide research air monitoring program designed to measure toxic air pollutants within urban areas. This program is managed by the U.S. EPA OAQPS. U.S. EPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency VOC: Volatile Organic Compound - VOCs are chemical compounds that can easily vaporize and enter the atmosphere. There are many natural and artificial sources of VOCs; solvents and gasoline make up some of the largest artificial sources. VOCs will react with NOx in the presence of sunlight to create groundlevel O3 pollution. Volume: The amount of air sampled for analysis. Volume is calculated by multiplying a monitor’s flowrate by the collection time, usually in minutes. Volume = flowrate X minutes The amount of data in a file or database.