Last Updated: April 2024 2023 Heat Related Deaths Report Maricopa County Department of Public Health Division of Epidemiology and Informatics Table of Contents Acknowledgements 3 Summary 4 Introduction 5 Community Highlights 6 Heat Related Deaths Over Time Deaths by Year 7 Extreme Heat 8 Demographics Age, Sex, Race, and Ethnicity 10 Residency 11 Circumstances of Death Map: Injury Location 12 Place of Injury 13 Living Situation 15 Substance Use 16 Comorbidities 17 Next Steps in Heat Relief 18 Appendices Methodology 19 Tables 21 Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics Acknowledgments The Maricopa County Department of Public Health (MCDPH), Office of Epidemiology would like to thank the following agencies for their contributions to this report: ➢Maricopa County Office of the Medical Examiner (OME) ➢Maricopa County Office of Vital Registration (OVR) ➢Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS), Office of Vital Registration ➢National Weather Service (NWS) ➢Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG) ➢Local hospitals (infection preventionists, emergency departments, social worker staff) ➢City of Phoenix Heat Relief Network ➢Arizona Faith Network Heat Relief Centers For all media inquiries, please contact phpio@maricopa.gov To receive additional data, please submit a data request form through the Maricopa County Public Health website here. A staff member from the Climate and Health Epidemiology team will contact you to discuss your request. You may also contact the Climate and Health Epidemiology Team through email: Meaghan Batchelor: Meaghan.Calendo@maricopa.gov Melanie Rubio: Melanie.Rubio@maricopa.gov Aaron Gettel: Aaron.Gettel@maricopa.gov Jackie Ward: Jackie. Ward@maricopa.gov Primary Author: Meaghan Batchelor, Climate and Health Epidemiologist II Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 3 2023 Heat Related Deaths 645 heat related deaths occurred in Maricopa County during 2023. 76 61 84 2013 2014 2015 +52% 425 154 179 182 199 2016 2017 2018 2019 More than 3 out of 4 heat related deaths were male. 80% 645 323 339 2020 2021 2022 2023 Almost 2 out of 3 heat related deaths were age 50 years or older 3 out of 4 heat related deaths had an injury location outside. of heat related deaths were among Maricopa County residents Sixty-five percent of heat related deaths involved substances in 2023. Forty-five percent of heat related deaths were among people experiencing homelessness. 35% 65% 1 out of 2 heat related deaths had a medical history of physical/mental health conditions. 71% of heat related deaths occurred on a day where the Weather Service issued an excessive heat warning Introduction Mortality from environmental heat is a significant public health problem in Maricopa County, especially because it is largely preventable. Sharing this information helps community stakeholders to design interventions to prevent heat related deaths among vulnerable populations. TIMELINE OF HEAT SURVEILLANCE IN MARICOPA COUNTY Maricopa County Department of Public Health (MCDPH) has conducted heat surveillance each year since 2006. The enhanced heat surveillance season usually begins in May and ends in October 2006 2012 2023 MCDPH modernizes heat surveillance to improve data quality and integrates surveillance into a new Public Health and Climate Program. MCDPH incorporates MCDPH began conducting heat data on air conditioning and energy use surveillance HEAT DEATHS CLASSIFICATION Heat-related deaths are now classified as heat-caused or heat-contributed: HEAT SURVEILLANCE DATA SOURCES Maricopa County uses two main sources of data for heat surveillance: Heat Caused Environmental heat was directly involved in the sequence of events causing deaths. Preliminary Reports of Death (PRODs) From the Office of the Medical Examiner Heat Contributed Environmental heat contributed to the deaths but was not in the sequence of events causing deaths. Death Certificates From the MCDPH Office of Vital Registration HEAT SURVEILLANCE OBJECTIVES The main goals of heat surveillance are to identify the demographic characteristics of heat related deaths (e.g., age and gender) and the risk factors for mortality (e.g., homelessness or lack of air conditioning). For more information on how heat-related deaths are classified, see the definitions in Appendix. Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 5 Heat Relief: Community Highlights The Heat Relief Network, made up of many municipalities, nonprofit organizations, faithbased community, and businesses are hard at work to provide heat relief to Maricopa County and prevent heat related illness and deaths, including the operation of cooling/respite centers and hydration stations. The Arizona Faith Network (AFN) and City of Phoenix have provided data on their heat relief efforts that MCDPH would like to highlight below: City of Phoenix The City of Phoenix’s ‘We’re Cool’ Outreach Program reached over 8,300 people (more than double that of 2022) through 1700 staff/volunteer hours. They also had 150+ PHX C.A.R.E.S referrals in 2023. Phoenix’s Office of Heat Response and Mitigation (OHRM) Water Distribution Program distributed over 400,000 bottles of water to local non-profits, small businesses, and faithbased organizations to provide heat relief. The City of Phoenix’s efforts allowed 28,392 people to receive heat relief supplies and an additional 16,069 received wraparound, case management and respite from the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) Heat Relief Grant. Arizona Faith Network During the summer of 2023, The AFN provided heat relief at least 25,972 times across their thirteen sites. AFN Visits 500 400 300 200 100 0 5/1/2023 6/1/2023 7/1/2023 8/1/2023 9/1/2023 10/1/2023 80% of heat relief visits captured by the AFN were among people who identified as experiencing homelessness and 28% were experiencing symptoms of heat related illness upon check in to the heat relief site. In an effort to identify barriers, awareness, and utilization of heat relief centers in Maricopa County, MCDPH also conducted an evaluation of cooling centers during the summer of 2023. To learn more about the results from that evaluation, click here. Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 6 Heat Related Deaths Over Time Deaths by Year Maricopa County identified a total of 645 heat related deaths occurring in 2023. This represents a 52 percent increase from last year and the most heat related deaths ever recorded. 645 +52% 425 154 76 61 2013 2014 179 182 2017 2018 323 339 2020 2021 199 84 2015 2016 2019 2022 2023 In 2023, fifty-nine percent of all heat related deaths were heat caused. Over the last ten years in Maricopa County, most heat related deaths were heat caused. This means environmental heat was directly involved in the cause of death in these cases, rather than only a contributing factor. 59% 56% 66% 57% 54% 2013 2014 54% 57% 2015 2016 50% 65% 2017 2018 Heat Caused 57% 69% 2019 Heat Contributed 2020 Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 2021 2022 2023 7 Heat Related Deaths Over Time In 2023, an average of 13 heat related deaths per day occurred during the month of July. Sixty-four percent of all heat related deaths occurred during July, nearly 10% higher than any previous year. DateJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2019 0 2020 0 2021 2022 0 2023 0 In 2023, 71%of heat related deaths occurred on days with an excessive heat warning. The National Weather Service (NWS) issued five excessive heat warnings for a total of 42 days in 2023. From July 1 – July 29, a warning was issued every single day. Over the past 5 years, an average of 32% of deaths occurred on days with an excessive heat warning. 2019 34% 2020 52% 2021 28% 2022 25% 2023 72% Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 8 2023 Heat Related Deaths Extreme Heat 35 140 30 120 25 100 20 80 15 60 10 40 5 20 0 4/1/2023 5/1/2023 6/1/2023 7/1/2023 8/1/2023 9/1/2023 Excessive Heat Warning Maximum Temperature Minimum Temperature Record Max Temperature Temperature (F) Heat Related Deaths Daily temperatures were not below 91 degrees from July 10th – July 25th. During these two weeks, 303 deaths occurred. A new top 5 record-breaking hottest temperatures of 119 occurred on July 19th, 20th, and 25th in Maricopa County. 0 10/1/2023 Over half of all heat related deaths in 2023 occurred on days where heat risk was calculated as extreme. There were 21 days in 2023 where the NWS calculated an extreme heat risk. For more information: National Weather Service https://www.weather.gov/psr/heat None Minor Risk to those extremely sensititve to heat. No risk. 7% 24% Moderate Major Extreme Risk to those sensitive to heat. Risk to most people. Risk to everyone. 15% Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 52% 9 Demographic Overview Sex, Age, Race, and Ethnicity More than 3 out of 4 heat related deaths were among males in 2023. 22% Female 78% Male Nearly two-thirds of all heat related deaths occurred among individuals aged 50 or older. 35-49 14% 65-74 25% 29% 18% 20-34 13% 75+ 50-64 Nearly 60% of heat related deaths occurred among non-Hispanic White individuals. Compared to the proportion in which they make up Maricopa County’s total population, African Americans (6.8%) and American Indians (2.9%) are overrepresented among heat deaths. Population rates found at: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/maricopacountyarizona/PST045222 White 59% Hispanic or Latino 21% Black or African American American Indian or Alaska Native 13% 5% Asian or Pacific Islander 1% Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 10 2023 Heat Related Deaths Residency Local residents account for the majority of heat related deaths in Maricopa County. 79.1% Maricopa County Residents 7.3%% In-State Residents Includes residents of nine other Arizona counties. 4.3% Out-of-State Residents Includes residents of 18 other states. 9.3% Residency Unknown Includes 60 cases where residency state, county, or both are unknown. 79.1% Among Maricopa County residents for whom length of residency is known, nearly threefourths had lived in Arizona for twenty years or more. The longest residency was 84 years in 2023. *Excludes 216 cases where time spent in AZ is unknown. 3-9 yrs 7% 10% < 3 yrs 20+ yrs 12% 71% 10-19 yrs Longest time in Maricopa County: 84 years Shortest time in Maricopa County: 4 days Maricopa County residents who lived in Arizona twenty years or more had a 5% higher proportion of deaths with an indoor injury location compared to residents who had not. 20+ years in AZ 32% 66% Indoor <20 years in AZ 73% 27% Outdoor Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 11 Circumstances of Death Location of Injury Heat Related Deaths by City of Injury Phoenix Mesa Glendale 340 51 35 Sun City Laveen Peoria 11 9 9 *Cities with less than 5 deaths have been excluded Scottsdale 25 Buckeye 6 Tempe 24 Guadalupe 6 Avondale 15 Apache 5 Chandler 14 Youngtown 5 To view an interactive map of 2023 heat related deaths in Maricopa County, click the QR code on the map or scan it with your smartphone camera. Heat Related Deaths by Injury Zip Code Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 12 Place of Injury Deaths in outdoor settings have driven the increase in total number of heat related deaths in recent years. In 2023, 75% of heat related deaths occurred outdoors. 75% 80% 85% 61% 61% 72% 2013 2014 60% 72% 76% 2017 2018 2019 75% Outdoor Indoor 61% 2015 2016 In 2023, six percent of all heat related deaths that occurred outdoors involved some type of physical or recreational activity (walking, running, bicycling, etc.) 2020 2021 2022 2023 Seventy five percent of all indoor heat related deaths were discovered during a welfare check (when a neighbor, family member, or EMS is called to check on someone). In 2023, 95% of all indoor heat related deaths occurred among individuals aged 50 years or older, 50% of outdoor heat related deaths were among those younger than age 49. Outdoor Indoor 18% 20-34 32% 35-49 23% 50-64 32% 50-64 40% 65-74 Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 11% 65-74 8% 75+ 32% 75+ 13 Place of Injury Details Residence Most (67%) outdoor heat related deaths occurred in an urban area in 2023. Urban Area Desert Area Other Car Six percent of heat related urban area deaths occurred at a bus stop in 2023. Outdoor Heat Injury Sites: Urban Area (67%) Residence (10%) Other/Unknown (9%) Desert Area (8%) Car (5%) Apartment/ Condo Indoor Heat Injury Sites: House (62%) RV/Trailer (16%) Apartment/Condo (14%) Mobile Home (8%) RV/ Trailer House Mobile Home The average ambient air temperature among indoor deaths was 102 degrees (F). Not Functioning (85%) AC Present (88%) Indoor Deaths: 156 All indoor heat related deaths in 2023 occurred in uncooled environments. In most indoor death cases, an air conditioning (AC) unit was present on-site. Among indoor deaths where an AC unit was present, the unit was non-functioning in 85% of cases. Not in Use (12%) No Electricity (2%) No AC Present (9%) Unknown (3%) Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics Unknown 14 Living Situation Individuals experiencing homelessness make up the largest proportion of heat related deaths in 2023. One out of four heat related deaths were also among people who were living independently. 45% Homeless 25% Living Independently 13% Co-habitating 13% Unknown Unknown (Non-Homeless) 4% Among deaths where the living situation is known, people experiencing homelessness (PEH) have accounted for an increasingly large share of all heat related deaths in Maricopa County. 45% PEH 42% 53% 38% Housed 26% 10% 35% 32% 34% 33% 11% Unknown 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Note: in previous years, this graph only included cases where living situation was known. As of 2023, heat related deaths with unknown living situations will be included in this percentage. Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 15 Substance Use Maricopa County identified 419 deaths involving substance use, representing nearly twothirds of heat related deaths recorded in 2023. Substance use includes the use of drugs and or/alcohol. 65% Involved Substances 67% 34% 2013 33% 2014 37% 39% 2015 2016 41% 50% 51% 2017 2018 2019 58% 60% 2020 2021 2022 2023 The most common substance involved in the cause of death among heat related cases was drugs only (53%). In 2023, the primary substances involved in heat related deaths that involved substances were methamphetamine/amphetamines (78%) and 35% None fentanyl/fluorofentanyl (46%). 4% Both 53% Drugs 7% Alcohol Substance use was a primary cause of death in 72% of heat related deaths involving substance use. When substance use was involved in heat related deaths, substances were more likely to be identified as a cause of death than merely a factor related to death. Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 16 Risk Factors Five percent of heat related deaths in 2023 had experienced a previous heat injury or heat related illness symptoms prior to their death. Certain health conditions may put individuals at increased risk of heat related illness. In 2023, cardiopulmonary disease also contributed to the cause of death in 46% of heat related deaths. Obesity, Diabetes, Kidney Disease, and injuries or falls were also prevalent. • • • • • • • May June July August Dementia 2% Obesity 7% Injury 3% Diabetes 8% Cardiopulmonary Disease 46% Kidney Disease 2% September In 2023, at least 1 out of 4 heat related deaths had a medical history of mental illness. Nearly 45% of heat related deaths had a history of some type of physical health condition. 14% of heat related deaths with mental health conditions had a history of schizophrenia Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 17 Heat Relief in Maricopa County: Next Steps 2024 MCDPH continues to prioritize improving data quality and modernizing their heat morbidity and mortality surveillance system. • A public facing dashboard is planned to replace MCDPH’s weekly heat report during the summer of 2024 to provide more interactive and comprehensive data regarding heat related deaths and illness. MCDPH hired a Heat Relief Program Coordinator to plan, organize, and coordinate heat relief efforts within the Heat Relief Network. MCDPH and Maricopa County are expanding the County’s heat relief activities, including strengthening the heat relief network to address barriers captured by the 2023 Maricopa County Cooling Center Evaluation, such as: • Expanding access to heat relief by increasing the number of heat relief locations and lengthening heat relief center hours of operation to ensure availability of heat relief in all regions of Maricopa County 7 days per week during high heat hours from 9 am to 7 pm. • Funding heat relief locations that meet basic needs by ensuring availability of air-conditioned space, hydration, and food to allow people to recover from heat exposure. • Supporting the establishment and staffing of a hotline serving residents of Maricopa County with connection to services for those adversely affected by heat by triaging calls, answering questions, providing connection to services, and providing transportation to and from cooling or respite center locations as needed. • Supporting enhancement of Heat Relief Network advertisement and visibility by providing multilingual signage and increased outreach. • Supporting training and education for heat relief center staff and volunteers. • Providing naloxone and naloxone training for heat relief center operators. • Working to identify sustainable funding sources for future heat-relief activities. Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 18 Appendix Methodology: Surveillance data is obtained from the following sources: 1. The Maricopa County Office of the Medical Examiner (OME) forwards suspected heatrelated deaths to MCDPH and provides data including demographics, preliminary information regarding how the death occurred, and the circumstances of death. In the past, this information came solely as a weekly line list with limited information for each case. However, in February of 2012, MCDPH started receiving all preliminary reports of death (PRODs) from the OME. These reports provide expanded information daily and have changed the screening methods used by MCDPH staff to ensure that all potential heat related deaths are documented. 2. The MCDPH Office of Vital Registration registers all Maricopa County death certificates in the Arizona Department of Health Services vital records database. The MCDPH Office of Epidemiology searches this database looking for causes of death associated with environmental heat. A Statistical Analysis Software (SAS©) program looks for the key phrases and International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes listed below. 3. Hospital and media reports can sometimes initiate a heat death investigation, for example, if a child is reportedly left in a hot car. Key Phrases: Heat exposure • Environ • Exhaustion • Sun • Heat Stress • Heat Stroke • Hyperthermia ICD-10 Codes: X30: Exposure to excessive natural heat T67.X: Effects of heat and light P810: Environmental hyperthermia of newborn Once data are received, analysis of the information is required to identify only those deaths related to or caused by environmental heat. Environmental heat is heat generated by the climate (sun, humidity, etc.) rather than heat from man-made sources such as ovens or manufacturing equipment. Heat related deaths are categorized based on the classification criteria listed below: Heat Caused deaths are those in which environmental heat was directly involved in the sequence of conditions causing deaths. These are deaths where environmental heat terms were indicated in Part I1 of the death certificate causes of death (diseases or conditions in the direct sequence causing death), for cause of death variables (cod_a, cod_b, cod_c, or cod_d). County of death: Maricopa. Heat Contributed deaths are those in which environmental heat contributed to the deaths but was not in the sequence of conditions causing these deaths. These are cases where environmental heat terms were mentioned in Part II2 of the death certificate causes of death (diseases and conditions contributing but not directly resulting in the death sequence), but not in any of the Part I death variables (cod_a, cod_b, cod_c, or cod_d). County of death: Maricopa. Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 19 For the purposes of this report, heat caused, and heat contributed deaths are combined and referred to as “heat related deaths.” Please note that most jurisdictions report only heatcaused deaths. This should be considered when comparing Maricopa County data with data from other locations. Death certificate data, in combination with the OME notes, are used to produce the information that is contained in this report. Total case counts, demographics, residency, drug/alcohol use, comorbidities, and years lived in Arizona are directly retrieved from death certificate data. Place of death location, indoor/outdoor occurrence, air conditioning use, medical history, injury details, and homelessness are retrieved based on explicit notations made in the death certificate and/or OME notes. For the purposes of this report, reasons for not having a cooled environment at the time of death in indoor cases where an A/C unit was present were grouped into three categories: nonfunctioning, functioning but turned off, and no electricity. “Non-functioning” is defined as an A/C unit that was not operating properly, was broken, or could not be turned on despite the presence of electricity. Cases categorized as having a “functioning but turned off” A/C unit indicates that the unit worked properly but the A/C was turned off for some reason at the time of the OME scene inspection. In cases where the unit could not be turned on due to a lack of electricity, regardless of whether it was functioning or nonfunctioning, were counted in the “no electricity” category. Homelessness is defined as having an address on the death certificate that matches a homeless shelter, government agency, business, or intersection. Cases are also classified as homeless if there is an indication on the death certificate. If the address is listed as unknown on the death certificate, then an examination of the medical examiner’s notes is made. The medical examiner learns if someone is homeless by speaking to next of kin, law enforcement, and reviewing medical records. If the address is listed as out of jurisdiction, then time spent in Arizona, as provided by the death certificate, is taken into consideration. Once classification is completed, the data are summarized for the production and dissemination of reports. Reports are generated weekly during the season and posted to the MCDPH website which can be found at: www.heataz.org. 1 Part I of the death certificate: cod a – is the immediate cause (final disease or condition resulting in death) cod b, cod c, cod d – are sequentially listed conditions leading to the cause listed on cod a. 2 Part II of the death certificate: Other significant conditions contributing to death but not resulting in the underlying cause given in Part I. To receive additional data, please submit a data request form through the Maricopa County Public Health website here. A staff member from the Climate and Health team will contact you to discuss your request. For all media inquiries, please contact phpio@maricopa.gov Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 20 Total Deaths Heat Caused 2013 76 43 Heat Related Deaths by Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 61 84 154 179 182 33 45 88 90 119 2019 199 138 2020 323 213 2021 339 194 2022 425 240 2023 645 378 Heat Contributed 33 28 39 66 89 63 61 110 145 185 267 During EHW* 18 10 12 31 49 45 69 167 95 107 457 Heat Related Deaths by Injury Location Indoor 30 17 33 59 71 51 47 46 82 86 156 Outdoor 46 44 51 93 108 129 152 271 252 336 480 Unknown 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 6 5 3 9 Heat Related Deaths by Living Situation IEH** 20 7 8 54 57 61 66 172 130 178 291 Housed*** 30 10 39 88 111 93 86 116 177 142 273 Unknown 26 44 37 12 11 28 47 35 32 105 81 Substance Use Involvement among Heat Related Deaths Involved substances 26 20 31 60 73 91 102 186 203 283 419 Drugs Only 12 14 20 32 56 61 77 158 156 229 346 Alcohol Only 12 6 9 23 16 23 19 19 34 40 47 Drugs and Alcohol 2 0 2 5 1 7 6 9 13 14 26 None 50 41 53 94 106 91 97 137 136 142 226 Heat Related Deaths by Residence of Maricopa County Resident 67 56 65 141 171 138 165 273 267 329 510 Not Resident 4 4 11 8 8 16 24 41 44 55 75 Unknown 5 1 8 5 0 28 10 9 28 41 60 *Excessive Heat Warning: See dates at: https://www.weather.gov/psr/heat **Individual experiencing homelessness ***Living Independently or Co-habitating 2023 Heat Related Deaths by National Weather Service Heat Risk Category Description Heat Risk Days Deaths No risk None 133 1 Risk to those extremely sensitive to heat Minor 123 46 Risk to those sensitive to heat Moderate 67 162 Risk to most people Major 21 99 Risk to everyone Extreme 21 337 2023 Heat Related Deaths by Place of Injury Outdoor Heat Related Deaths 480 156 Indoor Heat Related Deaths Recreational Activity Welfare Check Urban Area Residence Place of Injury Other/Unknown Desert Area Car 31 22 321 48 45 40 26 0 118 96 26 22 12 Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics Recreational Activity Welfare Check House RV/Trailer Apartment/Condo Place of Injury Mobile Home 21 Heat Related Deaths 2023 Demographics Deaths Female Male 645 140 502 Age group 5-19 * 20-34 88 13 35-49 159 28 50-64 189 26 65-74 116 33 75+ 87 40 Education 8th grade or less 49 7 Some High School 92 14 High School Diploma or GED 227 46 Some College 82 31 Associates 33 6 Bachelors 36 15 Masters or higher 17 7 Race/Ethnicity Hispanic/Latino 138 24 Black/African American 81 10 American Indian/Alaska Native 35 5 Asian or Pacific Islander 6 White Non-Hispanic 382 98 Residency Maricopa County Residents 510 124 In-State Residents 47 6 Out-of-State Residents 28 Residency Unknown 57 6 Length of Residency in Arizona: Maricopa County Residents < 3 years 30 5 3-9 years 41 12 10-19 years 49 15 20+ years 299 75 2023 Heat Related Deaths: Substance Use & Homelessness IEH Housed Individuals Drug Caused 194 108 Drug Contributed 64 53 Substance Use 258 161 No Substance Use 33 193 Meth/Ampethamines 222 108 Fentanyl/Fluorofentanyl 132 60 75 131 163 83 47 42 78 181 51 27 21 10 114 71 30 * 284 386 41 * 51 25 29 34 224 Total 302 117 419 226 330 191 2023 Heat Related Deaths: Comorbidities/Medical History Medical History Deaths Cause of Death Comorbidities Physical Health Conditions 175 294 Cardiopulmonary Disease Mental Health Conditions 54 53 Kidney Disease Both 109 44 Obesity Unknown 304 22 Injury/Fall Previous Heat Illness 31 13 Dementia *Unknowns and groups with < 5 deaths have been excluded Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 22 2023 Maricopa County Resident Heat Related Death Rates Deaths Population Rate per 100,000 Total 510 4,430,871 11.5 Sex Male 386 2,208,150 17.5 Female 124 2,222,721 5.6 Age Group 5-19 * 20-34 65 944,937 6.9 35-49 107 862,354 12.4 50-64 147 788,711 18.6 65-74 104 399,436 26.0 75+ 84 293,334 28.6 Race/Ethnicity American Indian or Alaska Native 15 60,562 24.8 Asian or Pacific Islander 5 193,077 2.6 Black or African American 55 239,826 22.9 Hispanic or Latino 116 1,402,753 8.3 White Non-Hispanic 319 2,359,261 13.5 *Groups with < 5 deaths have been excluded 2023 Maricopa County Resident Heat Related Death Rates (Age and Sex) Deaths Population Rate per 100,000 Age Group Male Female Male Female Male Female 20-34 55 10 484,375 460,562 11.4 2.2 35-49 85 22 436,558 425,796 19.5 5.2 50-64 125 22 389,745 398,966 32.1 5.5 65-74 72 32 185,471 213,965 38.8 15.0 75+ 46 38 127,448 165,886 36.1 22.9 Population numbers found at: https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2022.S0101?g=050XX00US04013 https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP5Y2022.DP05?g=050XX00US04013&tid=ACSDP1Y2022.DP05 Maricopa County • Department of Public Health • Epidemiology & Informatics 23 Maricopa County Department of Public Health Division of Epidemiology & Informatics Maricopa.gov/PublicHealth