Public Works & Utilities
Water Quality
Mail Stop 803
P.O. Box 4008
Chandler, AZ 85244-4008

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Public Water System AZ04-07-090

2024 DRINKING WATER QUALITY
CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORT
City of Chandler

The City of Chandler Public Works & Utilities Department is
committed to providing a safe and sustainable supply of drinking water for our valued customers. Due to our strong commitment, the City of Chandler employs a team of chemists, technicians, and specialists to collect and perform more tests on the
water served than is required by law. This report provides you
with information about where your water comes from, results
of sampling that we have performed, and any issues or violations that happened over the previous year.
You may also find real-time information about our water
system at the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
(ADEQ) Drinking Water Watch website at azsdwis.azdeq.gov/
DWW_EXT/.

About your Water Supply

The drinking water supplied by the City of Chandler to its customers comes from three sources:
• The Pecos Water Treatment Plant (PWTP) treats and distributes water from the Salt River, Verde River, Central Arizona
Project (Colorado River), and Salt River Project (SRP) wells
whose water is transported to Chandler via the Consolidated
Canal.
• 28 wells supplied groundwater from aquifers underlying
Chandler during 2024. Groundwater is disinfected with
chlorine prior to being introduced into the city’s distribution
system.
• The City of Chandler and the Town of Gilbert jointly own
the Santan Vista Water Treatment Plant (SVWTP) located in
the Town of Gilbert. This facility currently has the capability to treat and distribute up to 24 million gallons per day
of Colorado River water from the Central Arizona Project to
each city. We have included compliance information supplied
by the SVWTP. The Town of Gilbert’s annual Water Quality
Report can also be accessed at gilbertaz.gov/departments/
public-works/water/reports.

Protecting Chandler’s Water Supply

Source Water Assessment
Making the water safe to drink starts by protecting the place
it comes from. We work with state scientists at the Arizona
Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) to examine water
at its source to look for possible pollutants. This is called a
Source Water Assessment (SWA).
ADEQ completed a source water assessment for drinking
water wells and surface water sources for Chandler’s public
water system in 2005. The assessment reviewed adjacent land
uses that may pose a potential risk to water sources. These
risks include, but are not limited to, gas stations, landfills, dry
cleaners, agriculture fields, wastewater treatment plants, and
mining activities. Once ADEQ identified the adjacent land uses,
they were ranked on their potential to affect the water source.
All surface water sources are considered high risk due to
their exposure to open air. The overall risk posed to surface
water is addressed by EPA through its increased monitoring
requirements for surface water sources.
Two of Chandler’s drinking water wells were considered high
risk based on adjacent land use criteria. The Chandler public
water system conducts regular monitoring of drinking water
entering the distribution system from all wells to ensure land
uses have not impacted the source water.
Based on the information available at the time of the
assessment on the hydrogeology and land uses around the
drinking water source(s) of this public water system, ADEQ
has given a high-risk vulnerability designation for the degree
to which this public water system drinking water source(s) are
protected. A designation of high vulnerability indicates there

may be additional source water
protection measures which
can be implemented on the
local level. This does not
imply that the source water is
contaminated, nor does it mean
that contamination is imminent.
Rather, it simply states that land
use activities or hydrogeological
conditions exist that make the source water susceptible to
possible future contamination.
Further source water assessment information can be found on
ADEQ’s website: azdeq.gov/source-water-protection or email at
sourcewaterprotection@azdeq.gov .
Backflow Prevention
The City of Chandler prevents contamination of the public water
supply by requiring the installation, maintenance, and inspection of thousands of backflow devices throughout the city.
These devices ensure hazards originating on customer’s property and from temporary connections do not impair or alter
the water in the city’s distribution system. Backflow prevention
devices range from vacuum breakers on household hose bibs
to large commercial reduced-pressure principal devices.
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Tips
“Be the solution to storm water pollution” – common storm water pollutants
include sediment, motor oil and other
vehicle fluids, pet waste, yard debris,
metals, pesticides, fertilizers, and herbicides, to name a few. For more information on stormwater pollution prevention,
please go to chandleraz.gov and search
“stormwater”.
Guidelines for Everyday Pollution Prevention – “Only Rain In
the Storm Drain”
• Sweep yard debris and properly
dispose of in the trash, rather than
blowing or hosing into the street.
• Contain pool or spa water on private property or dispose of it in
the sanitary sewer cleanout associated with your home. Draining
pool water into the street or other
city right-of-way is prohibited by
City Code. For more information
call the city’s Environmental Management Department at
480-782-3503 or search “pool drainage” at chandleraz.gov.
• Use fertilizers and pesticides sparingly and as directed by the
manufacturer.
• Pick up after your pet and properly dispose of the waste in
the trash.
• Wash your car on a lawn or other unpaved surface or use a
commercial car wash.
• Always use a nozzle on your garden hose around the home.
Do not let the water free flow into the street.
• Maintain vehicles to be free of leaks and do not park leaking
vehicles on the street.
• Do not over-water your lawn.
• Report illegal dumping into streets and storm drains by calling the city’s Environmental Management Department at 480782-3503 or at chandleraz.gov.
• Minimize your purchase and use of hazardous products.
Dispose of unused quantities properly. Please contact the
city’s Solid Waste Services at 480-782-3510 for proper dis

posal guidelines of hazardous waste materials such as used
motor oil and other similar fluids.

Drinking Water and your Health

Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be
expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk.
Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in
drinking water than the general population.
Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer
undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone
organ transplants, people with HIV-AIDS or other immune
system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice
about drinking water from their health care providers. More
information about contaminants, their potential health effects,
and the appropriate means to lessen the risk can be obtained
by calling the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking
Water Hotline at 800-426-4791 or visiting the website epa.gov/
safewater.
The sources of drinking water include rivers, lakes, streams,
ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the
surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally
occurring minerals, and in some cases, radioactive material,
and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of
animals or from human activity.
Contaminants that may be present in source water include:
• Microbial Contaminants: Such as viruses and bacteria that
may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems,
agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife.
• Inorganic Contaminants: Such as salts and metals that can
be naturally occurring or result from urban storm water runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas
production, mining, or farming.
• Pesticides and Herbicides: Such as agriculture, urban storm
water runoff, and residential uses that may come from a variety of sources.

• Organic Chemical Contaminants: Such as synthetic and
volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial
processes and petroleum production, and may come from
gas stations, urban storm water runoff, and septic systems.
• Radioactive contaminants: That can be naturally occurring or
be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.
To ensure tap water is safe to drink, the EPA prescribes regulations limiting the amount of certain contaminants in water
provided by public water systems. The United States Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water providing the same level of protection for public health.

Taste, Odor and Hardness

The EPA’s National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations are
non-enforceable guidelines on contaminants that may cause
cosmetic or aesthetic effects in drinking water. These effects
include flavor, color, odor, and hardness, all of which are harmless, but some consumers may find disagreeable. The table
below shows data on substances and characteristics that are
frequently asked about by Chandler residents.
Substance
Guideline
Alkalinity (ppm)
NA
Iron (ppm)
0.3 mg/L
pH
6.5 – 8.5
Total Hardness (ppm; grains/gallon) NA

Range of Results (low – high)
111.0 – 168.0
0.04 – 0.19
7.2 – 8.1
173 – 288 mg/L / 10.1 –16.8 gpg

Seasonal Changes in Flavor
The flavor of Chandler’s drinking water may change at certain
times of the year, depending on the source. Chandler works
with SRP to minimize algae in the canal system and to provide
treatment at the SWTP to reduce off-flavors and odors.
Arizona State University and the City of Chandler have partnered
to routinely monitor for taste and odor precursors in the
Consolidated Canal. This allows the treatment plant to have
more precise control over taste and odor events and to better
use resources and manage cost.

Santan Vista System Compliance Data 2024 (Operated by the Town of Gilbert):
Inorganic Chemicals
(IOC)

MCL
Violation
Y or N

Range of All
Highest Level Detected Samples
(Low-High)

MCL

MCLG

Nitrate (ppm)

N

<0.25

<0.25

10

10

MCL
Violation
Y or N
N
TT
Violation
Y or N

Running Annual
Average (RAA)

Range of All
Samples
(Low-High)
1.1 – 14.0
Range of All
Samples
(Low-High)

MCL

MCLG

10

N/A

TT

MCLG

N

19.37

Disinfection By-Products
Bromate (ppb)
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Total Organic Carbon Removal
Ratio % Removal

4.58
Average

Who do I contact with questions about
Chandler’s Drinking Water?

16.89 – 23.57 15%
25%

If you have any questions about your tap water or the information in this report, please call the city’s Water Quality
Department at 480-782-3654 during normal business hours
(8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday). You can
also visit our website at chandleraz.gov/residents/water/waterquality.
Citizens who wish to address the City Council about water

N/A

Sample
Month & Likely Source of Contamination
Year
Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic
2/2024
tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits
Sample
Month & Likely Source of Contamination
Year
10/2024 Byproduct of drinking water disinfection
Sample
Month & Likely Source of Contamination
Year
6/2024

Naturally Present in the Environment

issues may do so at regularly scheduled City Council meetings
normally held the 2nd and 4th Thursday of each month. The
meetings are held at Chandler City Hall Council Chambers, 88
E. Chicago Street. For information about specific meeting times
and agenda items, please contact the City Clerk’s office at 480782-2181, or visit chandleraz.gov/government/departments/
city-clerks-office/city-council-meetings.

Definitions:
Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant,
which if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements.
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of
a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are
set as close to MCLGs as feasible using the best available
treatment technology and taking cost into consideration.
MCLs are enforceable standards.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level of
a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no
known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin
of safety and are non-enforceable public health goals.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL): The
highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water.
There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is
necessary for control of microbial contaminants.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG): The
level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is
no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect
the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial

contaminants.
Minimum Reporting Limit (MRL): The smallest measured
concentration of a substance that can be reliably measured
by a given analytical method.
Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU): A measure of water
clarity.
Non-Applicable (N/A): Sampling was not completed by
regulation or was not required
ppm: Parts per million or Milligrams per liter (mg/L). One
ppm is equivalent to one gallon in one million gallons.
ppb: Parts per billion or Micrograms per liter (µg/L). One ppb
is equivalent to one gallon in one billion gallons.
ppt: Parts per trillion or Nanograms per liter (ng/L). One ppt
is equivalent to one gallon in one trillion gallons.
Picocuries per liter (pCi/L): Measure of the radioactivity in
water.
Treatment Technique (TT): A required process intended to
reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.

Surface Water Monitoring 2024
Lowest RAA

RAA Range TT
(Low-High)

Total Organic Carbon1 Removal Ratio N

1.93

1.93 – 2.59 ≥1 RAA

Surface Water Treatment Rule

TT Violation Y or N

Highest Level Detected % Range

TT

Turbidity2 (NTU)

N

0.27

>95%

Surface Water Treatment Rule

TT Violation Y or N

100%

Sample Month Likely Source of
& Year
Contamination
Naturally present in the
12/2024
environment
Sample Month Likely Source of
& Year
Contamination
4/2024
Soil runoff

1 Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects. However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection byproducts. These byproducts include trihalomethanes

(THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA). Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects, liver, or kidney problems, or nervous system effects,
and may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.
2 Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water and is an indication of the effectiveness of our filtration system. We monitor it because it is a good indicator of the quality of water. High turbidity
can hinder the effectiveness of disinfectants. Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate
the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.

Distribution System Detections 2024:
Positive
Sample(s) Month
& Year
E. Coli
NA
Range of All
Disinfectants
Samples
(Low-High)
Chlorine (ppm)
N
1.00
0.05 – 2.16
MCL
of All
Annual Average Range
Disinfection By-Products Violation Running
Samples
(RAA)
Y or N
(Low-High)
Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)1
N
16.5
<2.0 - 21
(ppb)
Total Trihalomethanes
N
65.0
<0.5 – 89.0
(TTHM)2 (ppb)
Microbiological (RTCR)

TT
of Positive
Violation Number
Samples
Y or N
N
0
MCL
Annual Average
Violation Running
(RAA)
Y or N

MCL

MCLG

Likely Source of Contamination

0

0

MRDL

MRDLG

4

4

MCL

MCLG

Human and animal fecal waste
Sample
Month & Likely Source of Contamination
Year
9/2024
Water additive used to control microbes
Sample
Month & Likely Source of Contamination
Year

60

N/A

7/2024

Byproduct of drinking water disinfection

80

N/A

7/2024

Byproduct of drinking water disinfection

1Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
2Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs) Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central

nervous systems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

PUBLIC NOTIFICATION OF FAILURE TO
PERFORM ROUTINE MONITORING

The City of Chandler is required to monitor your drinking
water for specific contaminants on a regular basis. Results of
regular monitoring are an indicator of whether or not your
drinking water meets health standards. During the 2nd quarter of 2024, we did not monitor or test for volatile organic
compounds* at one of the City’s well sites and therefore
cannot be sure of the quality of your drinking water during
that time. As the test results for that site were non-detect
for the prior eight quarters and the city was granted reduced
monitoring at the site on 8/2/24 Chandler has no reason to
believe that the missed monitoring had any impact on public
health. However, some people who drink water containing
volatile organic chemicals in excess of the MCL over many
years could experience problems with their livers, kidneys,
adrenal glands, nervous system, circulatory system, immune
system, and could experience anemia or a decrease in

blood platelets and may have an increased risk of getting
cancer. The communication and documentation procedures
between the City’s Water Operations and Water Quality
departments have been updated to ensure that all required
samples are taken and analyzed according to schedule and
the regulatory agencies receive timely and complete reports.
Please share this information with all the other people who
drink this water, especially those who may not have received
this notice directly (for example, people in apartments, nursing homes, schools, and businesses). You can do this by
posting this notice in a public place or distributing copies by
hand or mail.

* Volatile Organic Compounds: Benzene, Carbon tetrachloride, Chlorobenzene, o-Dichlorobenzene, p-Dichlorobenzene, 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1-Dichloroethylene, cis-1,2 Dichloroethylene,
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene, Dichloromethane, 1,2-Dichloropropane, Ethylbenzene, Styrene,
Tetrachloroethylene, 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene, 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, 1,1,2-Trichloroethane,
Trichloroethylene, Toluene, Vinyl Chloride, Xylenes

Chandler Detected Regulated Contaminants 2024
MCL
Range of All
Level
Radionuclides
Violation Highest
Samples
Detected
Y or N
(Low-High)
Alpha Emitters
(pCi/L)
Combined Radium226 & -228 (pCi/L)
Uranium (ug/L)

Sample
MCL MCLG Month & Likely Source of Contamination
Year

N

2.8

< 1.0 – 2.8

15

0

1/2024

Erosion of natural deposits

N

0.90

<0.5-0.90

5

0

1/2024

Erosion of natural deposits

5.2
Running Annual
Inorganic Chemicals MCL
Average (RAA)
Violation
(IOC)
OR Highest Level
Y or N
Detected

<0.08 – 5.2

30

0

1/2024

Erosion of natural deposits

Range of All
Samples
(Low-High)

Sample
MCL MCLG Month & Likely Source of Contamination
Year

Arsenic1 (ppb)

N

8.60

<1.0 – 8.60

10

0

12/2024

Barium (ppm)

N

0.15

0.015 – 0.15

2

2

1/2024

Cadmium (ppb)

N

0.15

<0.10 – 0.15

5

5

1/2024

Chromium (ppb)

N

19

< 1.0 – 19

100

100

1/2024

Fluoride (ppm)

N

1.3

<0.4 - 1.3

4

4

1/2024

Mercury (ppb)

N

0.59

<0.2-0.59

2

2

1/2024

Nitrate2 (ppm)

N

6.2

0.29– 6.2

10

10

10/2024

Nitrite (ppm)

N

0.43

<0.05 – 0.43

1

1

1/2024

Selenium (ppb)

N

2.0

<0.5 – 2.0

50

50

6/2024

Sodium (ppm)

N

240

100 – 240

N/A

N/A

1/2024

Thallium (ppb)

N

0.15

<0.1 – 0.15

2

0.5

1/2024

N

Erosion of natural deposits, runoff from orchards, runoff from
glass and electronics production wastes
Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries;
Erosion of natural deposits
Corrosion of galvanized pipes; natural deposits; metal refineries;
runoff from waste batteries and paints
Discharge from steel and pulp mills; Erosion of natural deposits
Erosion of natural deposits; water additive which promotes strong
teeth; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories
Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge from refineries and
factories; Runoff from landfills and cropland
Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage;
erosion of natural deposits
Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage;
erosion of natural deposits
Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries; erosion of natural
deposits; discharge from mines
Erosion of natural deposits
Leaching from ore-processing sites; discharge from electronics,
glass, and drug factories

1 Arsenic is a mineral known to cause cancer in humans at high concentration and is linked to other health effects, such as skin damage and circulatory problems. While your drinking water
meets EPA’s standard for arsenic, it does contain low levels of arsenic. EPA’s standard balances the current understanding of arsenic’s possible health effects against the costs of removing
arsenic from drinking water. EPA continues to research the health effects of low levels of arsenic, which is a mineral known to cause cancer in humans at high concentrations and is linked to
other health effects such as skin damage and circulatory problems.
2 Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause “blue baby syndrome.” Nitrate levels
may rise quickly for short periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant, and detected nitrate levels are above 5 ppm, you should ask advice from
your health care provider.

MCL
Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOC) Violation
Y or N

Running Annual Range of All
Average (RAA)
MCL
OR Highest Level Samples
(Low-High)
Detected

MCLG

Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ppb)

N

3.1

<0.58 – 3.1

6

0

Discharge from rubber and chemical
factories

Pentachlorophenol (ppb)

N

0.12

<0.04-0.12

1

0

Discharge from wood preserving factories

Sample Month Likely Source of Contamination
& Year

All contaminants listed below were tested for and were NOT found in our water. These contaminants are considered NonDetect or not present:
Synthetic Organic Compounds (Last tested 10/2024): 2,4-D, 2,4,5-TP (a.k.a. Silvex), Alachlor, Atrazine, Benzo (a) pyrene
(PAH), Carbofuran, Chlordane, Dalapon, Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, Dibromochloropropane, Dinoseb, Diquat, Dioxin [a.k.a.
2,3,7,8-TCDD], Endothall, Endrin, Ethylene dibromide, Glyphosate, Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide, Hexachlorobenzene,
Hexachlorocyclo pentadiene, Lindane, Methoxychlor, Oxamyl (a.k.a. Vydate), PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls), Picloram,
Simazine, Toxaphene
Volatile Organic Compounds (Last tested 10/2024): Benzene, Carbon tetrachloride, Chlorobenzene, o-Dichlorobenzene, p-Dichlorobenzene, 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,1-Dichloroethylene, cis-1,2 Dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene, Dichloromethane, 1,2-Dichloropropane, Ethylbenzene, Styrene, Tetrachloroethylene, 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene,
1,1,1-Trichloroethane, 1,1,2-Trichloroethane, Trichloroethylene, Toluene, Vinyl Chloride, Xylenes
Inorganic Chemicals (Last tested 10/2024): Antimony, Beryllium, Cyanide
Some average values could be less than the low range due to substituting non-detect (<) values with zero, per the
regulations governing compliance calculations.

Lead and Copper Study 2022:
Lead & Copper

MCL
Violation
Y or N

Number of
90th Percentile Samples
Exceeds AL

AL

ALG

Sample Month
& Year

Likely Source of Contamination

Copper (ppm)

N

0.11

0

1.3

1.3

7/2022

Lead (ppb)

N

3.4

0

15

0

8/2022

Corrosion of household plumbing systems;
erosion of natural deposits
Corrosion of household plumbing systems;
erosion of natural deposits

Lead and Copper Testing
Federal regulations require all cities to test for lead and copper
at selected customer’s taps at least once every three years. The
City of Chandler conducted lead and copper tap sampling in
the summer of 2022, with the concentrations of lead and copper well below regulatory limits.
Lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant
women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily
from materials and components associated with service lines
and home plumbing.
The City of Chandler is responsible for providing high quality drinking water and removing lead pipes but cannot control
the variety of materials used in plumbing components in your
home. You share the responsibility for protecting yourself and
your family from the lead in your home plumbing. You can take
responsibility by identifying and removing lead materials within
your home plumbing and taking steps to reduce your family’s risk.
Before drinking tap water, flush your pipes for several minutes
by running your tap, taking a shower, doing laundry or a load

of dishes. You can also use a filter certified by an American
National Standards Institute accredited certifier to reduce
lead in drinking water.
To address lead in drinking water, public water systems were
required to develop and maintain an inventory of service line
materials by Oct 16, 2024. Developing an inventory and identifying the location of lead service lines (LSL) is the first step
for beginning LSL replacement and protecting public health.
The lead service inventory may be viewed online at: https://
pws-ptd.120wateraudit.com/ChandlerServiceLineInventory
Please contact us if you would like more information about
the inventory or any lead sampling that has been done.
If you are concerned about lead in your water and wish to
have your water tested, contact Water Quality at 480-7823671 (leave a message for a return call) or email LCRR@
chandleraz.gov.]. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is
available at nepa.gov/safewater/lead.

Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule
Twenty-nine Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
(In parts per trillion)
11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid
(11Cl-PF3OUdS)
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecane sulfonic acid (8:2 FTS)
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (4:2 FTS)
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS)
4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (ADONA)
9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS)
hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) (GenX)
nonafluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid (NFDHA)
Perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid (PFMPA)
Perfluoro-4-methoxybutanoic acid (PFMBA)
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS)
Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)
Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)
Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA)
Perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS)
Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA)
Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS)
Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid (PFPeS)
Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA)
Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA)
n-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid (NEtFOSAA)
n-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid (NMeFOSAA)
Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA)
Perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA)

Detected Average of Range of All Samples Minimum Reporting
(Y/N)
Results (ppt) (Low-High
Level (ppt)

Analytical
Methods

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.23
0.26
0
0
0
0
0
0.07
0
0
0
0
0.16
0
0
0
0
0
Average
(ppb)

<5.0 - <5.0
5
<5.0 - <5.0
5
<3.0 - <3.0
3
<5.0 - <5.0
5
<3.0 - <3.0
3
<2.0-<2.0
2
<5.0 - <5.0
5
<20.0-<20.0
20
<3.0 - <3.0
3
<4.0 - <4.0
4
<3.0 – 12.0
3
<5.0-5.0
5
<3.0 - <3.0
3
<3.0 - <3.0
3
<3.0 - <3.0
3
<3.0 - <3.0
3
<3.0 - <3.0
3
<3.0 - 3.5
3
<4.0 - <4.0
4
<4.0 - <4.0
4
<4.0 - <4.0
4
<4.0 - <4.0
4
<3.0 – 5.3
3
<2.0 - <2.0
2
<5.0 - <5.0
5
<6.0 - <6.0
6
<8.0 - <8.0
8
<7.0 - <7.0
7
Range of All Samples Minimum Reporting
(Low-High)
Level (ppb)

EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 533
EPA 537.1
EPA 537.1
EPA 537.1
EPA 537.1

One Metal

N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Detected
(Y/N)

Lithium (ppb)

Y

190.44

65.6 - 305

9 µg/L

Analytical Methods
EPA 200.7, SM 3120 B,
ASTM D1976–20