WEBVTT 00:00:03.500 --> 00:00:05.500 Just 2 hours' drive from Phoenix on Highway 87, 18 miles north of Hayson 00:00:08.849 --> 00:00:13.906 brings you to Strawberry and Glacier Glide, Arizona's best tobogganing 00:00:13.939 --> 00:00:19.986 area, open weekends only Saturday and Sunday. Go to boganing today. It's a 00:00:20.019 --> 00:00:24.506 great winter sport for all the family. Just $1.25 admission for a whole 00:00:24.539 --> 00:00:30.256 day of fun. Children under 6 free. See you at Glacier Glide, Arizona's 00:00:30.289 --> 00:00:35.536 newest and best toboggan area in Strawberry, Arizona, and keep tuned to 00:00:35.569 --> 00:00:43.515 Khat for the latest Glacier Glide snow condition report. 00:00:43.548 --> 00:00:46.237 Looking at a sports score from last night, this was kind of a surprise. 00:00:46.270 --> 00:00:48.957 Arizona State took it on the chin for the second night in a row last 00:00:48.990 --> 00:00:53.686 night as the Sun Devils lost to Utah 72 to 64 in a Western Athletic 00:00:53.719 --> 00:00:57.237 Conference basketball game that was played in Salt Lake City. Utah trailed 00:00:57.270 --> 00:01:00.717 at halftime and put on a strong pressing defense and a ball control 00:01:00.750 --> 00:01:03.926 offense to take the lead midway through the second half and final score 00:01:03.959 --> 00:01:08.266 once again. It was a, uh, Western Athletic Conference loss for Arizona 00:01:08.299 --> 00:01:13.676 State last night as they lost the ball game to Utah 72 to 64 because the 00:01:13.709 --> 00:01:17.721 homes are in a new community for adults 40 and over. No children. And it's 00:01:17.754 --> 00:01:20.013 peaceful country, the pats all around a golf course which is now open for play. And the recreational luncheon, cocktails are as low as 18,900 00:01:38.064 --> 00:01:41.766 or bedroom. Wasted activity. 00:01:41.799 --> 00:01:49.799 is to organize that action. In such a way But it points itself toward a 00:01:50.168 --> 00:01:54.977 given goal. 00:01:55.010 --> 00:02:03.010 This organization need not necessarily be strict. This organization 00:02:03.620 --> 00:02:07.576 By its very nature. 00:02:07.609 --> 00:02:10.585 Needs to be flexible. 00:02:10.618 --> 00:02:14.745 It needs to be. 00:02:14.778 --> 00:02:22.778 Adapted To the particular need that presents itself originally. 00:02:24.580 --> 00:02:32.255 We have talked about a single need thus far. However, we find that. There 00:02:32.288 --> 00:02:38.577 is no single need in adult education. 00:02:38.610 --> 00:02:42.085 Need one 00:02:42.118 --> 00:02:50.118 Begins to Acted upon when need too arises. And then need 3 and then need 4. 00:02:53.679 --> 00:02:55.679 Ad infinitum. 00:02:57.399 --> 00:03:01.495 As these Needs 00:03:01.528 --> 00:03:04.585 Begin to be acted upon. 00:03:04.618 --> 00:03:09.696 We find a course of action. 00:03:09.729 --> 00:03:15.017 Which begins to be relatively common. 00:03:15.050 --> 00:03:18.346 To each of these needs. 00:03:18.379 --> 00:03:24.177 We also find that there are certain 00:03:24.210 --> 00:03:26.816 Methods 00:03:26.849 --> 00:03:32.467 Of thinking through. As well as acting. 00:03:32.500 --> 00:03:37.975 On a problem In order to derive. 00:03:38.008 --> 00:03:46.008 They desired results. 00:03:46.110 --> 00:03:49.475 When we combine. 00:03:49.508 --> 00:03:52.786 The courses of action. 00:03:52.819 --> 00:03:56.066 Which have 00:03:56.099 --> 00:04:00.636 lent themselves. To 00:04:00.669 --> 00:04:05.596 Successful 00:04:05.629 --> 00:04:10.555 Problem solving techniques. 00:04:10.588 --> 00:04:13.475 There emerges. 00:04:13.508 --> 00:04:20.365 A common ground. On which we can work. 00:04:20.398 --> 00:04:25.895 Hence the second answer to the question. 00:04:25.928 --> 00:04:31.395 How does Paul Bergevin's a philosophy for adult education, strengthen your 00:04:31.428 --> 00:04:34.986 position? 00:04:35.019 --> 00:04:38.096 Over Bergaman. 00:04:38.129 --> 00:04:41.437 has taken the 00:04:41.470 --> 00:04:44.336 Past actions. 00:04:44.369 --> 00:04:50.387 which people have taken. 00:04:50.420 --> 00:04:54.986 And combined. 00:04:55.019 --> 00:04:59.395 The problem solving techniques. 00:04:59.428 --> 00:05:02.156 Into 00:05:02.189 --> 00:05:07.825 A philosophy for adult education. 00:05:07.858 --> 00:05:11.007 In this country 00:05:11.040 --> 00:05:14.387 He first stressed. 00:05:14.420 --> 00:05:18.995 The nature of our society. 00:05:19.028 --> 00:05:27.028 Pointing out that freedom. Individual freedom. To carry out 00:05:28.588 --> 00:05:32.836 A fulfillment of life. 00:05:32.869 --> 00:05:37.036 Became the greatest. 00:05:37.069 --> 00:05:41.395 responsibility we had. 00:05:41.428 --> 00:05:47.187 Then he pointed out the need for adult education. 00:05:47.220 --> 00:05:54.026 And in this He was able to. 00:05:54.059 --> 00:06:02.059 Go through An idea That education is a lifetime process. That it is not 00:06:04.048 --> 00:06:10.486 something that you Get just a little bit of. And then hope it will do for 00:06:10.519 --> 00:06:16.086 the rest of your life. 00:06:16.119 --> 00:06:20.387 Paul Bergaman defined. 00:06:20.420 --> 00:06:28.420 The nature of adult education. 00:06:28.459 --> 00:06:35.075 Under systematically organized programs. 00:06:35.108 --> 00:06:43.108 And Mhm Random experiential learning. 00:06:45.059 --> 00:06:50.846 In these he pointed out that adult education can be either good or it can 00:06:50.879 --> 00:06:58.217 be bad. That adult education will be carried on. 00:06:58.250 --> 00:07:05.606 He then proceeded to organize the goals. Of adult education. 00:07:05.639 --> 00:07:10.546 General and specific. 00:07:10.579 --> 00:07:16.796 And pointed out that the. 00:07:16.829 --> 00:07:24.829 General goals. Of adult education. 00:07:24.988 --> 00:07:32.988 Should Advanced the citizen in his social order. As well as pursuing 00:07:35.298 --> 00:07:39.687 A limited 00:07:39.720 --> 00:07:46.336 Type Of 00:07:46.369 --> 00:07:51.325 Direct technical knowledge. 00:07:51.358 --> 00:07:58.906 In the structure Of adult education. Which Paul Bergaman then proceeded to 00:07:58.939 --> 00:08:02.205 outline. 00:08:02.238 --> 00:08:06.406 He talked about 00:08:06.439 --> 00:08:13.955 The necessity of all institutions. 00:08:13.988 --> 00:08:19.217 Working 00:08:19.250 --> 00:08:27.250 With All kinds of people. 00:08:31.028 --> 00:08:35.167 And to involve them. 00:08:35.200 --> 00:08:43.200 And a social And economic life Which would improve and perpetuate a better 00:08:43.599 --> 00:08:48.196 culture. 00:08:48.229 --> 00:08:53.037 He then attempted to put together 00:08:53.070 --> 00:08:57.726 A program. 00:08:57.759 --> 00:09:04.765 A program which stressed the following. That number one Educational 00:09:04.798 --> 00:09:08.667 programs should be voluntary. 00:09:08.700 --> 00:09:15.417 The needs of the learner must be discovered, considered, and met. 00:09:15.450 --> 00:09:18.375 3. 00:09:18.408 --> 00:09:23.307 The resources used. Should be appropriate. 00:09:23.340 --> 00:09:27.057 Number 4. 00:09:27.090 --> 00:09:33.217 Situation centered or problem centered learning. is the most meaningful to 00:09:33.250 --> 00:09:37.907 adults. 00:09:37.940 --> 00:09:42.125 That the programming of adult educational activities should be a 00:09:42.158 --> 00:09:46.496 cooperative endeavor. 00:09:46.529 --> 00:09:53.746 That person's concerned with an adult educational program. have certain 00:09:53.779 --> 00:10:01.779 expectations about it. And then Work toward those expectations. 00:10:03.879 --> 00:10:11.879 Stressing heavily That we are concerned with teaching people. 00:10:12.779 --> 00:10:19.206 Subject 2 Person first. 00:10:19.239 --> 00:10:27.239 And that we must continuously work. Toward the goal 00:10:28.469 --> 00:10:36.469 Of keeping a program in the environment. In which it exists. 00:10:38.158 --> 00:10:43.076 But at the same time, To remember 00:10:43.109 --> 00:10:50.196 that we must develop The intellectual portion of a learner. To extend 00:10:50.229 --> 00:10:57.967 horizons and to expand views. 00:10:58.000 --> 00:11:02.596 In the final analysis, he says that 00:11:02.629 --> 00:11:07.616 adult education should make a continuing impact on ignorance, disease, 00:11:07.649 --> 00:11:13.635 superstition, and enslavement of mind and spirit. 00:11:13.668 --> 00:11:18.866 Its purpose is to liberate people. To provide creative opportunities for 00:11:18.899 --> 00:11:24.625 utilizing their talents and energies and to help them learn to play their 00:11:24.658 --> 00:11:30.696 roles as dignified human beings and as citizens in a society in which they 00:11:30.729 --> 00:11:38.729 can have some control of the social forces operating on them. 00:11:38.889 --> 00:11:45.125 And to show them how to do all this with the intelligence and decorum that 00:11:45.158 --> 00:11:53.158 befit human dignity. Taken from page 117. 00:11:58.599 --> 00:12:02.696 Bless you. 00:12:02.729 --> 00:12:06.446 Question #2. 00:12:06.479 --> 00:12:11.086 Select 3 of the books studied in connection with this course and briefly 00:12:11.119 --> 00:12:16.135 describe how each contributed to developing a broader concept of adult 00:12:16.168 --> 00:12:18.596 education. 00:12:18.629 --> 00:12:26.557 The first book chosen is. The two-year college, a social synthesis. 00:12:26.590 --> 00:12:34.590 Authors blocker, plumber, and Richardson. 00:12:34.719 --> 00:12:39.967 My purpose in reading this book was to determine. 00:12:40.000 --> 00:12:44.927 If The basic philosophy. 00:12:44.960 --> 00:12:47.696 Presented 00:12:47.729 --> 00:12:55.729 Would allow For An adult literacy program. 00:12:56.158 --> 00:13:04.158 Within the concept of the junior college. 00:13:04.629 --> 00:13:06.856 They 00:13:06.889 --> 00:13:10.186 Book itself. 00:13:10.219 --> 00:13:16.677 While not specifically. 00:13:16.710 --> 00:13:21.005 Delineating. 00:13:21.038 --> 00:13:26.956 The Adult literacy program. 00:13:26.989 --> 00:13:32.586 Did point out in many ways. 00:13:32.619 --> 00:13:37.547 that the program was a possibility. 00:13:37.580 --> 00:13:45.135 And that perhaps for a certain group. Within our society Who are 00:13:45.168 --> 00:13:48.976 functionally illiterate. 00:13:49.009 --> 00:13:52.566 It would be 00:13:52.599 --> 00:14:00.599 A program. Which would adapt itself. 00:14:01.570 --> 00:14:09.570 The authors pointed out the willingness of the two-year college. 00:14:10.099 --> 00:14:16.356 To train 00:14:16.389 --> 00:14:19.696 Those people 00:14:19.729 --> 00:14:25.385 who were slightly 00:14:25.418 --> 00:14:27.775 Less 00:14:27.808 --> 00:14:33.907 Equipped To handle college level work. 00:14:33.940 --> 00:14:41.940 Than were other Institutions of higher learning. 00:14:42.739 --> 00:14:50.739 They also stressed. The willingness of the To your college 00:14:52.239 --> 00:15:00.239 To adapt itself. To the various needs Of a community 00:15:07.428 --> 00:15:11.057 With education being 00:15:11.090 --> 00:15:15.375 The 00:15:15.408 --> 00:15:22.986 Key to social mobility and occupational competence. 00:15:23.019 --> 00:15:29.167 The denial of educational opportunity. 00:15:29.200 --> 00:15:35.686 Particularly to those individuals. Of the middle class. 00:15:35.719 --> 00:15:38.657 It is contrary 00:15:38.690 --> 00:15:43.407 To the Philosophy 00:15:43.440 --> 00:15:50.375 Of adult education. In a democracy 00:15:50.408 --> 00:15:56.025 The authors then went on to point out 00:15:56.058 --> 00:15:59.936 The various types of programs. 00:15:59.969 --> 00:16:02.946 Which had been instituted. 00:16:02.979 --> 00:16:06.625 In the community college. 00:16:06.658 --> 00:16:12.196 Ranging from. 00:16:12.229 --> 00:16:14.326 Non-credit 00:16:14.359 --> 00:16:20.775 Courses Desired by specific individuals. 00:16:20.808 --> 00:16:23.096 To 00:16:23.129 --> 00:16:27.967 Company courses Courses 00:16:28.000 --> 00:16:31.907 Designed by a particular company. 00:16:31.940 --> 00:16:36.436 For its employees. 00:16:36.469 --> 00:16:40.356 And then to 00:16:40.389 --> 00:16:47.826 Courses which would give credit. 00:16:47.859 --> 00:16:51.145 Which would be transferable. 00:16:51.178 --> 00:16:54.895 To the student planning to complete. 00:16:54.928 --> 00:17:00.996 4 years of academic education. 00:17:01.029 --> 00:17:09.029 The most important of these. Having to do with adult education. 00:17:10.499 --> 00:17:12.877 Was 00:17:12.910 --> 00:17:16.196 That it gave the adult. 00:17:16.229 --> 00:17:20.055 Who at the time 00:17:20.088 --> 00:17:27.206 He quit school 00:17:27.239 --> 00:17:33.647 did not see the necessity for further education. 00:17:33.680 --> 00:17:38.127 An opportunity to complete. 00:17:38.160 --> 00:17:40.555 Successfully 00:17:40.588 --> 00:17:48.357 At least 2 years. A formal education. 00:17:48.390 --> 00:17:53.887 The 00:17:53.920 --> 00:17:58.815 Next most Important 00:17:58.848 --> 00:18:01.607 Was the opportunities. 00:18:01.640 --> 00:18:04.666 It gave an adult. 00:18:04.699 --> 00:18:07.717 To increase his knowledge. 00:18:07.750 --> 00:18:10.926 In his chosen field. 00:18:10.959 --> 00:18:17.467 On a systematic basis. 00:18:17.500 --> 00:18:21.075 And Thirdly, 00:18:21.108 --> 00:18:23.795 It pointed out 00:18:23.828 --> 00:18:28.936 The need For the community college. 00:18:28.969 --> 00:18:31.206 To sponsor 00:18:31.239 --> 00:18:39.239 Those programs Which would Definitely Better That cultural part Of a 00:18:42.009 --> 00:18:44.097 community 00:18:44.130 --> 00:18:51.906 Which in many American areas Is so sadly lacking. 00:18:51.939 --> 00:18:59.939 As an example, It gave Book reviews 00:19:00.039 --> 00:19:02.666 Forums 00:19:02.699 --> 00:19:04.795 Art 00:19:04.828 --> 00:19:08.857 Religion 00:19:08.890 --> 00:19:14.147 And various forms of training. 00:19:14.180 --> 00:19:17.726 Which would enhance 00:19:17.759 --> 00:19:25.759 The intrinsic values. Which are placed on a society. 00:19:32.029 --> 00:19:39.815 Another book which I read. was a series of essays. Titled American Ideas 00:19:39.848 --> 00:19:45.926 About Adult Education 1710 1951. 00:19:45.959 --> 00:19:49.785 Edited by. 00:19:49.818 --> 00:19:53.906 See Hartley retin. 00:19:53.939 --> 00:20:00.926 G R A T T A N. Published by the Bureau of Publication. 00:20:00.959 --> 00:20:08.959 Teachers College, Columbia University, New York. 00:20:09.328 --> 00:20:16.446 This The book completely changed my outlook. 00:20:16.479 --> 00:20:24.479 About adult education. I had felt That adult education. Was rather new in 00:20:25.420 --> 00:20:31.516 the field. And that the field of adult education. 00:20:31.549 --> 00:20:35.916 was more of a pioneer. 00:20:35.949 --> 00:20:38.555 Then 00:20:38.588 --> 00:20:44.446 The other Major fields of study. 00:20:44.479 --> 00:20:51.335 After having read The series of essays. 00:20:51.368 --> 00:20:58.656 Which include 00:20:58.689 --> 00:21:01.756 Cotton Mather 00:21:01.789 --> 00:21:04.906 Benjamin Franklin 00:21:04.939 --> 00:21:07.416 Claxton 00:21:07.449 --> 00:21:15.449 Josiah Holbrook. On the lyceums 00:21:15.539 --> 00:21:18.506 John Lowell 00:21:18.539 --> 00:21:25.617 On lectures for moral and intellectual improvement. 00:21:25.650 --> 00:21:31.736 Edward Everett On libraries 00:21:31.769 --> 00:21:39.357 Peter Cooper On religious motivation. 00:21:39.390 --> 00:21:47.325 John H. Vincent. On the Cha Chautauqua movement. 00:21:47.358 --> 00:21:54.436 WR Harper On teaching by correspondents. 00:21:54.469 --> 00:21:57.315 Thomas Davidson 00:21:57.348 --> 00:22:02.107 On education for all. 00:22:02.140 --> 00:22:10.140 And The American Society for the Extension of University Teaching. 00:22:10.578 --> 00:22:16.315 On those unable to attend. A university 00:22:16.348 --> 00:22:24.016 Lester Ward on the sociology of the diffusion of knowledge. 00:22:24.049 --> 00:22:29.926 The rationale of vocational education. 00:22:29.959 --> 00:22:37.959 As a part of a commission on national aid to vocational education. 00:22:37.969 --> 00:22:43.976 Michael John returned to the book. 00:22:44.009 --> 00:22:48.446 Adult education, whose responsibility. 00:22:48.479 --> 00:22:52.857 The president's commission 00:22:52.890 --> 00:22:56.676 Toward national organization. 00:22:56.709 --> 00:23:00.986 An article by the American Association for Adult Education and Adult 00:23:01.019 --> 00:23:07.426 Education Association of of the USA. 00:23:07.459 --> 00:23:15.459 I felt then that I had a history. Of adult education. Which was far better. 00:23:16.670 --> 00:23:18.670 Because these were articles written at the time by the people who were 00:23:23.670 --> 00:23:25.717 involved. 00:23:25.750 --> 00:23:29.726 Not a. 00:23:29.759 --> 00:23:37.759 Look back But at the look At the time But it was going on 00:23:39.118 --> 00:23:44.897 And in this I felt That the 00:23:44.930 --> 00:23:48.535 Adult education movement. 00:23:48.568 --> 00:23:53.986 Was one of the oldest and one of the strongest movements. In the United 00:23:54.019 --> 00:23:56.325 States. 00:23:56.358 --> 00:24:02.256 I also noticed there was a lack of 00:24:02.289 --> 00:24:06.347 Good organization. 00:24:06.380 --> 00:24:10.736 Now, by a lack of good organization, I do not mean that there was a lack 00:24:10.769 --> 00:24:18.026 of organization. Within the framework of the specific goal. Of the 00:24:18.059 --> 00:24:22.736 specific educational institution at the time. 00:24:22.769 --> 00:24:30.769 But that there was a lack of a coordinated effort. And that it was left to 00:24:32.259 --> 00:24:35.887 20th century philosophers. 00:24:35.920 --> 00:24:41.956 To put together This Organization 00:24:41.989 --> 00:24:46.656 In such a way as to make it meaningful. 00:24:46.689 --> 00:24:54.689 To the people who were involved. 00:25:00.489 --> 00:25:05.055 After listening to the discussions in the classroom. 00:25:05.088 --> 00:25:12.256 Regarding the necessity for special training. In adult education, special 00:25:12.289 --> 00:25:18.127 training for teachers in adult education. 00:25:18.160 --> 00:25:25.285 I seriously doubted the. Amount of special training which would be 00:25:25.318 --> 00:25:31.226 necessary. This, of course, I believe was due to. 00:25:31.259 --> 00:25:37.597 My past experience in working with adult groups. 00:25:37.630 --> 00:25:41.137 As well as 00:25:41.170 --> 00:25:49.170 The success that I had had without special training. 00:25:49.828 --> 00:25:57.276 I then picked up. Harry L. Miller's book. Teaching and learning and adult 00:25:57.309 --> 00:26:00.256 education. 00:26:00.289 --> 00:26:05.887 And It opened my eyes. 00:26:05.920 --> 00:26:09.766 Harry Miller is associate professor of education at Hunter College at the 00:26:09.799 --> 00:26:13.815 University of New York. 00:26:13.848 --> 00:26:19.867 And in his book he presents basically the difference. 00:26:19.900 --> 00:26:24.496 Between the child's learning and the adult's learning. 00:26:24.529 --> 00:26:27.637 He points up these differences. 00:26:27.670 --> 00:26:32.815 In such a way That a person 00:26:32.848 --> 00:26:40.717 Cannot help but View them In a different light 00:26:40.750 --> 00:26:46.127 He talks about special perspectives of the adult. Perspectives that a 00:26:46.160 --> 00:26:52.147 child does not have. Crucial learning conditions. 00:26:52.180 --> 00:26:56.617 And in this he talks about the 6 conditions for learning as well as the 00:26:56.650 --> 00:27:00.357 cognitive approach. 00:27:00.390 --> 00:27:06.617 Small groups. In the classrooms, small groups and residents, the informal 00:27:06.650 --> 00:27:12.815 discussion. The adult learner who learns. 00:27:12.848 --> 00:27:18.107 Primarily through the use of programming. 00:27:18.140 --> 00:27:21.246 Lecture series, workshops. 00:27:21.279 --> 00:27:29.117 Mass media And then he talks of the evaluating. 00:27:29.150 --> 00:27:34.776 In his last chapter measuring the effectiveness of the method. 00:27:34.809 --> 00:27:42.809 Now in measuring the effectiveness of the method. I think in essence he 00:27:42.809 --> 00:27:45.075 He hits 00:27:45.108 --> 00:27:47.387 Many 00:27:47.420 --> 00:27:51.006 Of the target areas. 00:27:51.039 --> 00:27:57.045 But I think he misses some of them very drastically. 00:27:57.078 --> 00:28:01.266 He talks about defining objectives and gathering evidence of behavior 00:28:01.299 --> 00:28:03.785 change. 00:28:03.818 --> 00:28:09.756 Um, He talks about Applying principles, measuring interests, testing the 00:28:09.789 --> 00:28:15.357 ability to make rational judgment, measuring beliefs and attitudes. 00:28:15.390 --> 00:28:23.390 But I do not believe that you can really Judge the effectiveness. of any 00:28:23.880 --> 00:28:30.117 particular method. Or of any particular model. Or of any particular 00:28:30.150 --> 00:28:36.545 philosophy of adult education. Until after you have been able to observe 00:28:36.578 --> 00:28:41.956 the behavioral change which takes place. Not over a short period of time 00:28:41.989 --> 00:28:45.867 but over a sustained period of time. 00:28:45.900 --> 00:28:50.847 He talks about this, but only briefly. He still has in mind the measuring 00:28:50.880 --> 00:28:57.996 of Adult education on a on an immediate basis. And this I feel is 00:28:58.029 --> 00:29:03.266 something which we can do, but I think the only significant behavioral 00:29:03.299 --> 00:29:09.387 change. Which we can see is that behavioral change which is lasting. 00:29:09.420 --> 00:29:11.916 And 00:29:11.949 --> 00:29:17.627 All in all, I was very excited with Harry Miller's book. It gave an 00:29:17.660 --> 00:29:22.456 insight into those things which 00:29:22.489 --> 00:29:30.489 I didn't know. 00:29:34.309 --> 00:29:39.847 Question number 3. What do you consider as the major trends in adult 00:29:39.880 --> 00:29:47.880 education education? Which may realize culmination in the next two decades. 00:29:49.959 --> 00:29:51.959 The first of the trends in adult education which I see. There's probably 00:29:57.848 --> 00:29:59.976 one. 00:30:00.009 --> 00:30:02.976 Which is not really 00:30:03.009 --> 00:30:06.016 Thought of as a trend. 00:30:06.049 --> 00:30:13.825 It is a trend in the thinking of the people themselves. 00:30:13.858 --> 00:30:17.847 Regarding education. 00:30:17.880 --> 00:30:24.815 Following the. Formal educational experiences. 00:30:24.848 --> 00:30:26.967 Mm. 00:30:27.000 --> 00:30:30.266 This trend is a trend. 00:30:30.299 --> 00:30:32.706 Toward 00:30:32.739 --> 00:30:35.325 Education 00:30:35.358 --> 00:30:39.377 From the cradle to the grave. 00:30:39.410 --> 00:30:47.410 The past experiences of students. With educational. Media 00:30:51.439 --> 00:30:58.127 I gradually becoming. Better and better. 00:30:58.160 --> 00:31:02.137 As new techniques and methodologies 00:31:02.170 --> 00:31:05.325 are being used 00:31:05.358 --> 00:31:11.387 In the high schools, grammar schools and colleges. 00:31:11.420 --> 00:31:14.565 Which makes learning. 00:31:14.598 --> 00:31:19.315 More of a challenge. And a boar 00:31:19.348 --> 00:31:26.946 As the younger generation comes up. They cease to think of. Education as 00:31:26.979 --> 00:31:29.785 being something distasteful. 00:31:29.818 --> 00:31:32.176 I remember 00:31:32.209 --> 00:31:38.815 Grammar school, high school, and college experiences. 00:31:38.848 --> 00:31:42.916 With a favorable. 00:31:42.949 --> 00:31:48.666 Memory It is this favorable memory. 00:31:48.699 --> 00:31:53.026 Which creates the climate. 00:31:53.059 --> 00:32:00.147 For the trend of education from the cradle to the grave. 00:32:00.180 --> 00:32:07.075 The Second major trend. I see 00:32:07.108 --> 00:32:11.176 which tends to 00:32:11.209 --> 00:32:15.206 Have 00:32:15.239 --> 00:32:18.627 A an impact. 00:32:18.660 --> 00:32:22.387 On the total educational picture. 00:32:22.420 --> 00:32:29.006 Of adults Is the 00:32:29.039 --> 00:32:37.039 Differentiated Methodology and curriculum. 00:32:39.769 --> 00:32:43.137 Adults do not basically 00:32:43.170 --> 00:32:48.795 Have the same purposes. And going to school. 00:32:48.828 --> 00:32:54.276 As do the Younger children 00:32:54.309 --> 00:33:01.246 With the younger children, it is a learning of a culture. 00:33:01.279 --> 00:33:05.656 As a person becomes an adult. 00:33:05.689 --> 00:33:13.689 His primary purpose. Is improvement. And betterment of a culture. It is 00:33:14.880 --> 00:33:18.795 this improvement and betterment. 00:33:18.828 --> 00:33:22.107 Of a culture 00:33:22.140 --> 00:33:27.926 Which creates The difference in methodology. 00:33:27.959 --> 00:33:31.666 The difference in the 00:33:31.699 --> 00:33:36.847 Amount of Creative thinking. 00:33:36.880 --> 00:33:44.880 And then the cognitive learning practices. Of adults. 00:33:48.039 --> 00:33:52.117 I feel in the next two decades. 00:33:52.150 --> 00:33:57.107 We will have the necessary staffing. 00:33:57.140 --> 00:34:01.815 To handle effectively. 00:34:01.848 --> 00:34:08.155 The adult Education program. 00:34:08.188 --> 00:34:14.265 By staffing I mean teachers who are trained specifically in the field of 00:34:14.298 --> 00:34:19.296 adult education. To work with adults. 00:34:19.329 --> 00:34:24.736 In the programs Where the need arises. 00:34:24.769 --> 00:34:31.077 At a particular time. 00:34:31.110 --> 00:34:39.110 The 3rd area. I see. Which may Possibly not 00:34:40.378 --> 00:34:45.666 Culminate, but we'll definitely make. Giants strides toward the 00:34:45.699 --> 00:34:52.845 culmination of is the recognition by 00:34:52.878 --> 00:34:56.095 The various institutions. 00:34:56.128 --> 00:35:04.128 For a coordination of effort. Toward a common goal. 00:35:07.489 --> 00:35:14.845 This common goal being the Development 00:35:14.878 --> 00:35:18.376 Of a total individual. 00:35:18.409 --> 00:35:21.997 Within each of the curriculum patterns. 00:35:22.030 --> 00:35:25.756 Set out by the institutions. 00:35:25.789 --> 00:35:31.126 I see giant strides being made toward this. 00:35:31.159 --> 00:35:34.486 I believe it was initiated. 00:35:34.519 --> 00:35:39.077 By Various companies. 00:35:39.110 --> 00:35:47.110 It was then taken up by the military. And now is being expanded. By many, 00:35:48.329 --> 00:35:51.247 many institutions. 00:35:51.280 --> 00:35:59.280 And this is the total development. Of the Man 00:36:02.179 --> 00:36:06.736 Through the use of or through education. 00:36:06.769 --> 00:36:10.206 As an example, 00:36:10.239 --> 00:36:14.146 In the military service. 00:36:14.179 --> 00:36:21.586 Any course which is taken. By military personnel. 00:36:21.619 --> 00:36:29.619 Will be paid for. On the basis of The grade which is made If a person 00:36:30.719 --> 00:36:37.537 receives an aid. Total tuition is paid. A B 3 quarter tuition, a C half 00:36:37.570 --> 00:36:42.747 tuition, a D quarter tuition, and an F no tuition. 00:36:42.780 --> 00:36:48.467 This is an incentive plan. This incentive plan however is not used by many 00:36:48.500 --> 00:36:54.856 of the Organizations of private enterprise. 00:36:54.889 --> 00:37:00.896 It is the incentive is to have your tuition totally paid by working for 00:37:00.929 --> 00:37:03.135 the company. 00:37:03.168 --> 00:37:11.168 And Many of the companies are offering programs for the development. Of 00:37:11.329 --> 00:37:19.329 cultural interests. Within the company itself. When these curriculums are 00:37:19.619 --> 00:37:27.619 not specifically designed To enhance the output. Of the company itself. As 00:37:29.128 --> 00:37:32.666 an example, 00:37:32.699 --> 00:37:40.699 At One institution. In Phoenix A reading program is offered to employees. 00:37:44.079 --> 00:37:51.296 At another institution, a literature program is being offered to employees. 00:37:51.329 --> 00:37:59.329 One institution. Will pay for any college course. Taken at the junior 00:38:00.750 --> 00:38:06.727 college or at the university. 00:38:06.760 --> 00:38:09.945 And there are 00:38:09.978 --> 00:38:16.115 No stipulations. Within this institution which provide that a student must 00:38:16.148 --> 00:38:20.695 take such and such an hour. 00:38:20.728 --> 00:38:28.728 Or such and such a series. Of courses or such and such a subject. 00:38:35.530 --> 00:38:40.416 I do not feel in the next two decades. 00:38:40.449 --> 00:38:44.727 that we will see a culmination. 00:38:44.760 --> 00:38:52.760 Or a stopping. of any of the major trends in adult education. 00:38:52.769 --> 00:38:58.445 I see that the 00:38:58.478 --> 00:39:01.635 Trends themselves. 00:39:01.668 --> 00:39:08.537 That I have Observed, listened to in class. 00:39:08.570 --> 00:39:16.416 And have 00:39:16.449 --> 00:39:24.449 Read in the report new trends in adult education from Elsinore to Montreal 00:39:28.978 --> 00:39:36.978 And the editor in this particular book was ASM Helly. Published by UNESCO. 00:39:38.208 --> 00:39:40.208 Copyright date 00:39:42.000 --> 00:39:45.256 1962. 00:39:45.289 --> 00:39:53.289 I see by these trends. That none of them will reach total culmination. 00:39:54.250 --> 00:39:59.747 Each one will continue to grow and to expand. 00:39:59.780 --> 00:40:03.577 Until we have a field of people. 00:40:03.610 --> 00:40:06.186 Throughout the nation 00:40:06.219 --> 00:40:08.816 Throughout nations. 00:40:08.849 --> 00:40:12.695 And throughout the world 00:40:12.728 --> 00:40:15.767 who are striving 00:40:15.800 --> 00:40:18.445 For individual. 00:40:18.478 --> 00:40:22.506 Excellence 00:40:22.539 --> 00:40:30.539 They will never in reality achieve. All of this major goal. They will, 00:40:31.559 --> 00:40:35.836 however, through the next 20 years. 00:40:35.869 --> 00:40:39.845 Take many advancing steps. 00:40:39.878 --> 00:40:43.865 These many advancing steps. 00:40:43.898 --> 00:40:51.155 Will produce A better world in which to live. 00:40:51.188 --> 00:40:55.517 Question number 4. enumerate the forces which have affected the 00:40:55.550 --> 00:41:02.727 development of adult education in your area of special interests. This is 00:41:02.760 --> 00:41:07.876 the junior college. 00:41:07.909 --> 00:41:14.445 The forces which have Affected the development. Of adult education in a 00:41:14.478 --> 00:41:16.945 junior college. 00:41:16.978 --> 00:41:21.155 Specifically at Glendale Community College. 00:41:21.188 --> 00:41:27.546 have been as varied as the community in which we live. 00:41:27.579 --> 00:41:33.655 The initiating force. 00:41:33.688 --> 00:41:36.095 was the 00:41:36.128 --> 00:41:40.236 Generation of a two-year college. 00:41:40.269 --> 00:41:45.106 To prepare Students for. 00:41:45.139 --> 00:41:53.139 Advanced degrees. Then At what was known as Phoenix College. 00:41:54.570 --> 00:42:00.135 Following this, Glendale Community College, working in close association 00:42:00.168 --> 00:42:04.945 with the Maricopa County Junior College District. 00:42:04.978 --> 00:42:10.595 Received a Boost through the legislature. 00:42:10.628 --> 00:42:14.816 which permitted the 00:42:14.849 --> 00:42:22.686 Financing Of a junior college district. And the expansion of that district 00:42:22.719 --> 00:42:25.106 to include 00:42:25.139 --> 00:42:28.606 5 colleges. 00:42:28.639 --> 00:42:32.885 Glendale Community College. 00:42:32.918 --> 00:42:39.736 And the forces which have developed it. have been Intermingled with those 00:42:39.769 --> 00:42:45.675 5 colleges on a district level. 00:42:45.708 --> 00:42:51.416 And looking quickly at the forces. 00:42:51.449 --> 00:42:55.236 We could enumerate them in this way. 00:42:55.269 --> 00:43:00.066 The farm or agricultural block. 00:43:00.099 --> 00:43:04.276 Has Been responsible. 00:43:04.309 --> 00:43:08.595 For instituting a program. 00:43:08.628 --> 00:43:12.445 In biology. 00:43:12.478 --> 00:43:17.456 And in the related science fields. 00:43:17.489 --> 00:43:25.489 Having to do with farming. On a technical basis. 00:43:26.050 --> 00:43:29.767 Major electronic industries. 00:43:29.800 --> 00:43:35.416 Have Lobbied successfully. 00:43:35.449 --> 00:43:42.405 And courses are being offered at the community college. which are designed 00:43:42.438 --> 00:43:47.416 to train. People 00:43:47.449 --> 00:43:54.936 Both for beginning work. At these institutions. 00:43:54.969 --> 00:43:58.925 As well as updating. 00:43:58.958 --> 00:44:05.327 Knowledge in their particular field. 00:44:05.360 --> 00:44:11.517 The 00:44:11.550 --> 00:44:19.550 Primary force remained that of giving a student. 2 years of a 4 year 00:44:19.688 --> 00:44:26.385 degree. 00:44:26.418 --> 00:44:32.186 The Continuing education department. 00:44:32.219 --> 00:44:35.336 Has worked very closely. 00:44:35.369 --> 00:44:41.095 With related fields of. 00:44:41.128 --> 00:44:43.977 Business 00:44:44.010 --> 00:44:50.195 In order to Update business machines practices. 00:44:50.228 --> 00:44:53.845 Uh, Fortran computer. 00:44:53.878 --> 00:44:59.316 Computer programming. 00:44:59.349 --> 00:45:05.646 They have worked carefully with local athletic associations. 00:45:05.679 --> 00:45:11.057 To promote the 00:45:11.090 --> 00:45:19.090 Leisure time activities. Of the general population. 00:45:21.019 --> 00:45:28.977 Much of the Work of the college in the continuing education field. 00:45:29.010 --> 00:45:33.537 Has been by demand. 00:45:33.570 --> 00:45:38.807 Of a general public. 00:45:38.840 --> 00:45:42.356 To give those courses. 00:45:42.389 --> 00:45:46.905 Which would The a betterment 00:45:46.938 --> 00:45:53.655 To individuals. In helping them fulfill. 00:45:53.688 --> 00:45:57.655 Personal Needs 00:45:57.688 --> 00:46:04.577 As an example, the social science department. In the evening college is 00:46:04.610 --> 00:46:11.126 one of the largest departments. Teaching philosophy. Ethics, history of 00:46:11.159 --> 00:46:13.405 religion. 00:46:13.438 --> 00:46:19.537 Etc. 00:46:19.570 --> 00:46:24.385 Major 00:46:24.418 --> 00:46:27.195 Contributing factors. 00:46:27.228 --> 00:46:30.247 Have been the demand. 00:46:30.280 --> 00:46:32.557 Of 00:46:32.590 --> 00:46:40.135 Business and industry. To upgrade the general educational level. of their 00:46:40.168 --> 00:46:42.436 employees. 00:46:42.469 --> 00:46:49.017 And as that general educational level, Is obtained by their employees. 00:46:49.050 --> 00:46:57.006 They feel they are a more satisfied. Individual working for them. 00:46:57.039 --> 00:47:00.086 Remedial courses. 00:47:00.119 --> 00:47:06.566 In mathematics, English. Reading 00:47:06.599 --> 00:47:09.336 Have been instituted 00:47:09.369 --> 00:47:13.077 For the continuing education student. 00:47:13.110 --> 00:47:19.327 who did not have an opportunity. To attend An institution of higher 00:47:19.360 --> 00:47:27.360 learning. When he was younger 00:47:29.208 --> 00:47:33.836 The institution or the 00:47:33.869 --> 00:47:37.276 Beginning of these courses. 00:47:37.309 --> 00:47:44.477 have not always been without problems. 00:47:44.510 --> 00:47:52.510 One of the problem areas which did arise. was whether police science 00:47:52.849 --> 00:47:56.827 Could be Taught 00:47:56.860 --> 00:48:02.655 And whether it should be taught at the junior college level. Or at the 00:48:02.688 --> 00:48:06.356 community college level. 00:48:06.389 --> 00:48:13.686 The People who had a desire to maintain strictly an academic function of 00:48:13.719 --> 00:48:21.719 the community college. opposed this almost as bitterly as they opposed the 00:48:23.378 --> 00:48:26.267 Beginning of 00:48:26.300 --> 00:48:33.577 Voluntary ROTC training. In the final analysis, however, 00:48:33.610 --> 00:48:38.155 The people responsible. 00:48:38.188 --> 00:48:40.566 For teaching 00:48:40.599 --> 00:48:45.675 These adults in the police academies. 00:48:45.708 --> 00:48:53.708 Came to the college and taught these specialized courses. 00:48:56.648 --> 00:48:59.017 As we 00:48:59.050 --> 00:49:06.227 Look at the community college today. We find it is a 00:49:06.260 --> 00:49:13.037 Combination of Two fields of thought. 00:49:13.070 --> 00:49:20.365 And that these two fields of thought Can work well together. 00:49:20.398 --> 00:49:27.747 One is that the community college. Should serve The needs of the total 00:49:27.780 --> 00:49:29.836 community. 00:49:29.869 --> 00:49:36.876 The other is that the community college. 00:49:36.909 --> 00:49:43.526 Should maintain an extremely high level of academic excellence. In all 00:49:43.559 --> 00:49:46.497 fields 00:49:46.530 --> 00:49:50.217 It does not appear on the surface. 00:49:50.250 --> 00:49:55.876 That these two 00:49:55.909 --> 00:50:01.227 Ideas would have a great deal of conflict. 00:50:01.260 --> 00:50:08.767 But by the very nature of the courses. And seminars which are offered. At 00:50:08.800 --> 00:50:16.800 the community college. The levels of background education. And academic 00:50:17.539 --> 00:50:21.506 experience. are so varied 00:50:21.539 --> 00:50:25.115 That they must by necessity 00:50:25.148 --> 00:50:28.365 Be accepted 00:50:28.398 --> 00:50:33.327 Both on a high level of academic excellence and on a low level of academic 00:50:33.360 --> 00:50:35.376 excellence. 00:50:35.409 --> 00:50:38.615 The differentiation being 00:50:38.648 --> 00:50:45.945 That with one group You are looking toward. Further education toward an 00:50:45.978 --> 00:50:52.776 academic degree. With the second group, you are looking only for further 00:50:52.809 --> 00:51:00.809 education as a means. Of self Improvement 00:51:01.780 --> 00:51:07.727 The junior college, I feel. Is beginning to fulfill. 00:51:07.760 --> 00:51:15.760 The needs of the community. Gradually It will expand its services. As the 00:51:16.648 --> 00:51:22.997 needs of the community are recognized. And as it expands its services, it 00:51:23.030 --> 00:51:28.956 will become more and more of the community college it was designed to be 00:51:28.989 --> 00:51:34.110 when the legislature passed the bills creating it.