WEBVTT 00:00:39.380 --> 00:00:41.380 Yeah, 00:00:51.149 --> 00:00:55.036 I'm Michael Grant. Welcome to Horizon this evening. We'll take a look at 00:00:55.069 --> 00:00:59.246 diagnosing rabies and the potentially serious increase in rabid animals 00:00:59.279 --> 00:01:03.777 reported throughout our states already this year. But first, as we head 00:01:03.810 --> 00:01:08.206 into May and Arizona's summer temperatures, many businesses and households 00:01:08.239 --> 00:01:12.227 are going to notice increases in their monthly water bills increases, 00:01:12.260 --> 00:01:16.346 spurred by greater demand and an inverted rate structure. According to the 00:01:16.379 --> 00:01:20.355 city of Phoenix Water Conservation Office, Phoenix residential high water 00:01:20.388 --> 00:01:26.367 users can expect to up to 37.5% more for the water they use from May 1st 00:01:26.400 --> 00:01:31.736 to October 31st. If you use less, you pay less. But whether focusing our 00:01:31.769 --> 00:01:35.885 efforts on conservation or undertaking projects to better ensure adequate 00:01:35.918 --> 00:01:39.757 water, to meet our needs in years to come, our emphasis has historically 00:01:39.790 --> 00:01:44.397 been on water quantity. But recently questions of water quality have made 00:01:44.430 --> 00:01:48.007 headlines as chemical contaminants have been found in groundwater 00:01:48.040 --> 00:01:52.546 throughout the state. Groundwater that if not cleaned up must be abandoned. 00:01:52.579 --> 00:01:57.126 An alternative. A desert state like Arizona is reluctant to choose how 00:01:57.159 --> 00:02:01.197 groundwater becomes contaminated and what is being done about. It is the 00:02:01.230 --> 00:02:07.176 topic of the following report by horizon producer Liz Taylor. In the 1960 00:02:07.209 --> 00:02:11.717 s, Americans became uncomfortably aware that pollution from municipal 00:02:11.750 --> 00:02:16.707 agricultural and industrial sources was damaging and destroying lakes and 00:02:16.740 --> 00:02:21.797 streams. But we believed that our groundwater deep in its subsurface 00:02:21.830 --> 00:02:27.416 aquifers was safe from harm. A few years ago, we learned otherwise and in 00:02:27.449 --> 00:02:34.055 1979 uh with EPA dollars uh based, I suppose on some sampling done 00:02:34.088 --> 00:02:37.436 elsewhere, the Department of Health Services did some sampling in Arizona 00:02:37.469 --> 00:02:41.767 and found sure enough D BC P in the groundwater. 00:02:41.800 --> 00:02:46.467 Two years later, it was modern chemistry has turned our groundwater into 00:02:46.500 --> 00:02:51.797 an alphabet soup of contaminants from an assortment of sources. DBCP was 00:02:51.830 --> 00:02:57.427 an agricultural pesticide TCE, an industrial solvent. There are dozens 00:02:57.460 --> 00:03:01.717 more. They get into the groundwater through being spread on the ground for 00:03:01.750 --> 00:03:06.225 agricultural application by leaking from storage tanks and through 00:03:06.258 --> 00:03:12.025 improper disposal. Ideas of what constitutes proper disposal have changed 00:03:12.058 --> 00:03:18.096 through time. Some of these, these organic salmon were disposed of uh on 00:03:18.129 --> 00:03:23.775 purpose uh in ponds and open lagoons and in down dry wells because at the 00:03:23.808 --> 00:03:26.816 time, they didn't, they thought that was perfectly acceptable. They had no 00:03:26.849 --> 00:03:30.717 idea that it would move or maybe they did, but at least it was, it wasn't 00:03:30.750 --> 00:03:34.335 a great concern that it would move into the groundwater system. Some of 00:03:34.368 --> 00:03:39.725 these chemicals may leach for 2030 years. It depends with different 00:03:39.758 --> 00:03:43.717 chemicals, they have different what we call half lives and that sort of 00:03:43.750 --> 00:03:47.025 indicates how soon they will disappear from the environment. Once the 00:03:47.058 --> 00:03:51.446 contaminant is in the ground rainwater or irrigation water trickling 00:03:51.479 --> 00:03:55.495 through the soil picks it up and carries it down to the layers of water, 00:03:55.528 --> 00:04:00.745 saturated rock or sub soil where groundwater is stored. These layers are 00:04:00.778 --> 00:04:06.680 called aquifers. Latin water carriers. The aquifer is not an underground 00:04:06.713 --> 00:04:11.400 cavern or an underground stream channel or an underground lake. It's a lot 00:04:11.433 --> 00:04:15.481 of different particles that are packed fairly closely together that happen 00:04:15.514 --> 00:04:19.930 to be saturated with water. When contaminants reach the aquifer, then they 00:04:19.963 --> 00:04:26.765 start getting diluted or getting attenuated is what we call it. So that as 00:04:26.798 --> 00:04:30.526 you go further and further down gradient, generally, the concentration 00:04:30.559 --> 00:04:34.836 gets less and less and less. Until after a certain point in time, you 00:04:34.869 --> 00:04:38.955 can't see them because they've been so changed or so mixed with the 00:04:38.988 --> 00:04:44.116 aquifer that you can't identify them today. Contaminants can be identified 00:04:44.149 --> 00:04:49.187 at the level of parts per billion or even parts per trillion. A bucket of 00:04:49.220 --> 00:04:53.627 pesticide poured into Roosevelt lake could be detected. But high 00:04:53.660 --> 00:04:58.697 technology carries a high price tag. Testing for these chemicals are 00:04:58.730 --> 00:05:02.856 extremely expensive. Therefore, we have to be very selective in the 00:05:02.889 --> 00:05:07.106 chemicals that we would look for. In order to screen for all the priority 00:05:07.139 --> 00:05:12.356 pollutants which represent over 130 chemicals. If it's submitted to a 00:05:12.389 --> 00:05:17.116 commercial laboratory, it may range from 1500 to $2000. Here at the state 00:05:17.149 --> 00:05:21.305 laboratory, we're very selective as to what we screen for. Based upon the 00:05:21.338 --> 00:05:24.906 information that our program, our field staff would have when they 00:05:24.939 --> 00:05:28.346 investigate. Uh, I guess we just so far have seen the tip of the iceberg. 00:05:28.379 --> 00:05:33.145 There are other things, gasoline from leaking gasoline tanks, 00:05:33.178 --> 00:05:38.166 the more we look, the more we find we've identified over 230 wells 00:05:38.199 --> 00:05:43.366 statewide that have shown some levels of contamination. This is by no 00:05:43.399 --> 00:05:46.986 means, all inclusive, we have not tested all wells, just those wells where 00:05:47.019 --> 00:05:52.546 we suspect a problem. The Yuma area, we've identified over 66 wells that 00:05:52.579 --> 00:05:56.745 have some form of DVC contamination. 00:05:56.778 --> 00:06:02.616 In Maricopa County, we've had over 138 identified contaminated wells, most 00:06:02.649 --> 00:06:07.406 of which are volatile organics as a result of electronics and industrial 00:06:07.439 --> 00:06:12.546 activity. And in Tucson, which is totally dependent upon their aquifer for 00:06:12.579 --> 00:06:17.366 drinking water sole source aquifer. They've also have a great deal of 00:06:17.399 --> 00:06:23.265 concern for the drinking water source and T C and other volatiles in the 00:06:23.298 --> 00:06:29.467 drinking water. The range of contamination varies from barely being able 00:06:29.500 --> 00:06:34.606 to detect it posing virtually no health threat to levels of contamination. 00:06:34.639 --> 00:06:38.856 That for all practical purposes may be some of the highest in the country. 00:06:38.889 --> 00:06:43.226 High levels of many contaminants such as TCE are known to have harmful 00:06:43.259 --> 00:06:48.476 effects on human beings. But the effects of long term exposure at the very 00:06:48.509 --> 00:06:53.265 low levels which can now be detected can only be estimated on the basis of 00:06:53.298 --> 00:06:57.666 animal studies. Public health officials must nevertheless choose a 00:06:57.699 --> 00:07:02.526 regulatory standard. The action level that we use for controlling things 00:07:02.559 --> 00:07:05.276 such as 00:07:05.309 --> 00:07:11.086 in the drinking water supply is based on what we call a one in a million 00:07:11.119 --> 00:07:16.455 risk factor. In other words, we are saying that we do not want any more T 00:07:16.488 --> 00:07:24.305 ce in the drinking water than would produce one excess case of cancer in a 00:07:24.338 --> 00:07:29.317 population of one million people who would drink this water, two liters a 00:07:29.350 --> 00:07:35.086 day of this water for 70 years of their lifetime. Now, that is a very, 00:07:35.119 --> 00:07:40.567 very safe level because most things that we deal with in terms of risks in 00:07:40.600 --> 00:07:45.546 our normal day to day activities are in about 1 to 1000 chance of 00:07:45.579 --> 00:07:49.825 something happening, 1 to 10,000. So we have a very large safety factor 00:07:49.858 --> 00:07:56.455 there. Plus this is based on animal studies. There is no evidence in any 00:07:56.488 --> 00:08:01.536 human studies of people exposed to T C in occupational settings that this 00:08:01.569 --> 00:08:06.955 particular product causes cancer. It is only in animals. What happens when 00:08:06.988 --> 00:08:10.575 we've identified in conjunction with the water system, a public water 00:08:10.608 --> 00:08:16.555 supply that potentially is above the the one in a million health risk. We 00:08:16.588 --> 00:08:22.656 ask that well to be taken off line or to be blended with other water that 00:08:22.689 --> 00:08:28.486 the blended water result from that will not pose any substantial health 00:08:28.519 --> 00:08:33.596 risk whatsoever closing down contaminated wells like the 24 found between 00:08:33.629 --> 00:08:38.047 Phoenix and Tucson further diminishes. Arizona's already scarce water 00:08:38.080 --> 00:08:43.025 supply. So various methods of making contaminated groundwater usable again 00:08:43.058 --> 00:08:47.395 are being studied. The most promising involves pumping up the water, 00:08:47.428 --> 00:08:53.836 cleaning it and re injecting it, but it's experimental and expensive. So 00:08:53.869 --> 00:08:58.135 we've initiated a three pronged approach within the department. First of 00:08:58.168 --> 00:09:03.246 all, we've embarked on a groundwater protection program which we believe 00:09:03.279 --> 00:09:08.967 will protect the groundwater from future contamination. This requires an 00:09:09.000 --> 00:09:13.417 industry or entity that discharges to groundwater to obtain a groundwater 00:09:13.450 --> 00:09:18.375 permit, which may put conditions on its discharge so that we don't violate 00:09:18.408 --> 00:09:23.116 ground water standards in the future. In addition, we've initiated an 00:09:23.149 --> 00:09:27.717 aggressive investigation of existing ground water pollution in conjunction 00:09:27.750 --> 00:09:32.307 with the Department of Water Resources and are analyzing the existing 00:09:32.340 --> 00:09:35.885 pollution and looking at the best ways to clean it up or manage that 00:09:35.918 --> 00:09:41.366 pollution. And thirdly, we believe most importantly, we're developing 00:09:41.399 --> 00:09:48.265 studies and analysis to determine the minimum level of health impacts that 00:09:48.298 --> 00:09:52.407 we as a department will allow for exposure to the public. And I suppose 00:09:52.440 --> 00:09:58.086 into the future, we can try to use the things intelligently and dispose of 00:09:58.119 --> 00:10:02.076 them intelligently, efforts to clean up contaminated groundwater have 00:10:02.109 --> 00:10:06.297 served as a proving ground of sorts for a variety of new technologies. But 00:10:06.330 --> 00:10:10.135 as we saw last night on horizon, technological advances have also been put 00:10:10.168 --> 00:10:13.606 to effective use, assisting physically disabled persons to learn and 00:10:13.639 --> 00:10:17.326 develop competitive employment skills. Tonight, we look at how Arizona 00:10:17.359 --> 00:10:21.076 State University's disabled student resources Department and the Phoenix 00:10:21.109 --> 00:10:25.226 Public Library special needs center are pooling their efforts to introduce 00:10:25.259 --> 00:10:28.967 the physically handicapped to new technologies that can enable them to 00:10:29.000 --> 00:10:34.407 compete in Arizona's job market for Denny Wilson. The advances of 00:10:34.440 --> 00:10:39.217 technology have meant mobility and access. Last summer, he drove his 00:10:39.250 --> 00:10:43.596 specially equipped van from Washington State to Tempe to complete a degree 00:10:43.629 --> 00:10:48.467 in computer information systems at Arizona State University. His van is 00:10:48.500 --> 00:10:52.717 equipped with a remote control lift and a push button control panel which 00:10:52.750 --> 00:10:57.395 enabled Wilson a quadriplegic to operate the van independently. The 00:10:57.428 --> 00:11:01.736 steering ratio is geared to achieve a full turn by moving the modified 00:11:01.769 --> 00:11:06.427 steering wheel. Only 90 degrees. Like many students who choose to attend 00:11:06.460 --> 00:11:10.417 Arizona State University, the disabled are attracted by the state's mild 00:11:10.450 --> 00:11:15.385 climate but a conscious effort has been made to serve disabled students. 00:11:15.418 --> 00:11:20.086 BJ Maxon feels the support services of the university have helped disabled 00:11:20.119 --> 00:11:24.125 students achieve academic success. In the past, there was a very high 00:11:24.158 --> 00:11:27.025 dropout rate among disabled students. They would get frustrated. They 00:11:27.058 --> 00:11:29.775 couldn't get an interpreter. If they were a deaf student, they might not 00:11:29.808 --> 00:11:33.177 be able to get materials in braille if they were a blind student, a lot of 00:11:33.210 --> 00:11:37.467 the resources were so scattered that they weren't able to even identify if 00:11:37.500 --> 00:11:39.616 a book could be made into Braille. Where would they go? How would they 00:11:39.649 --> 00:11:46.297 find out about it? And now almost all colleges that have any kind of a 00:11:46.330 --> 00:11:49.407 program that would attract a disabled student in any school that has 00:11:49.440 --> 00:11:53.186 federal funds is required to have someone designated as at least one 00:11:53.219 --> 00:11:57.076 person designated to work with that population. In addition to providing 00:11:57.109 --> 00:12:00.976 the support services, disabled student services has acquired a number of 00:12:01.009 --> 00:12:04.927 technological aides to assist the handicapped in their learning. An 00:12:04.960 --> 00:12:09.316 important piece of equipment for the blind is the Kurzweil reading machine. 00:12:09.349 --> 00:12:13.356 The optical character recognition system converts printed material to 00:12:13.389 --> 00:12:17.505 synthetic speech, allowing visually impaired students to access books, 00:12:17.538 --> 00:12:22.157 magazines, periodicals and reports. The Kurzweil reading machine was not 00:12:22.190 --> 00:12:26.525 around when Jeffrey Reeves first started college 20 years ago and his low 00:12:26.558 --> 00:12:30.996 vision handicap prevented him from completing his degree at that time last 00:12:31.029 --> 00:12:35.875 summer. However, Reeves graduated from asu's College of Law. He relied a 00:12:35.908 --> 00:12:40.275 great deal on recordings for the blind and tape recorders, but recently 00:12:40.308 --> 00:12:44.086 has worked with a computer that has a speech board built into it. New 00:12:44.119 --> 00:12:49.297 programs and databases provide him with instant access to information. You 00:12:49.330 --> 00:12:54.356 can virtually eliminate 90% of the help that you need in that particular 00:12:54.389 --> 00:13:02.389 area. And that's just it creates independence, which is really the goal 00:13:02.609 --> 00:13:09.696 because once you have the information, I I can type a paper, I can think 00:13:09.729 --> 00:13:14.976 it out. That's not a problem. It's just accessing the information to begin 00:13:15.009 --> 00:13:20.557 with. So it gives you the ability to access information, which is, I guess 00:13:20.590 --> 00:13:24.486 the greatest gift there is a device that is especially helpful to the 00:13:24.519 --> 00:13:29.177 hearing impaired, allows them access to information in the classroom. It's 00:13:29.210 --> 00:13:34.135 a two part system that's a microphone and a receiver. The speaker wears 00:13:34.168 --> 00:13:38.765 the microphone and this is a special microphone that's tuned to a special 00:13:38.798 --> 00:13:43.366 F M frequency picked up only by this receiver. So it's not something that 00:13:43.399 --> 00:13:48.407 broadcasts to everyone else. The speaker wears the microphone, the student 00:13:48.440 --> 00:13:54.020 wears the receiver and it enables the student to get a very clear signal 00:13:54.053 --> 00:13:59.140 no matter what the distance is between the receiver and the speaker closed 00:13:59.173 --> 00:14:02.811 caption television has brought entertainment and learning to the hearing 00:14:02.844 --> 00:14:06.510 impaired. And another device lets them share one of our most important 00:14:06.543 --> 00:14:10.601 modes of communication. The telephone device for the deaf allows the 00:14:10.634 --> 00:14:14.760 hearing impaired to communicate messages via a keyboard through telephone 00:14:14.793 --> 00:14:18.951 lines. The device may be hooked up to a printer to provide a hard copy of 00:14:18.984 --> 00:14:23.096 the message. This telephone device for the deaf is located in the Phoenix 00:14:23.129 --> 00:14:27.446 Public Library's special needs center. The completely accessible center 00:14:27.479 --> 00:14:31.996 houses many resources to assist special populations including a video 00:14:32.029 --> 00:14:36.196 print and larger sun sounds radio reading service and the electronic 00:14:36.229 --> 00:14:41.196 communication training program. A dial a ride driver alerted Cindy Kuti to 00:14:41.229 --> 00:14:45.537 the program. Shortly after she arrived in Phoenix last April. I've been 00:14:45.570 --> 00:14:50.446 reading about the curse reading machine and the verb and the apple 00:14:50.479 --> 00:14:56.407 computer for a long time and heard of job openings and opportunities that 00:14:56.440 --> 00:15:01.086 they made available for people. But in my native town of Pittsburgh, none 00:15:01.119 --> 00:15:05.316 of the machines were together in one place, but I had always hoped to try 00:15:05.349 --> 00:15:10.316 them some time now spends time honing her skills on the system. The 00:15:10.349 --> 00:15:15.265 Kurzweil reading machine permits access to virtually any printed material. 00:15:15.298 --> 00:15:19.976 Ktis uses the short form grade two braille to enter her own text into the 00:15:20.009 --> 00:15:24.346 versa. Braille, paperless braille computer. She may review her text for 00:15:24.379 --> 00:15:29.096 her own revisions. The braille is then back translated into print through 00:15:29.129 --> 00:15:33.775 a special word processing program on the Apple computer. From here. Kiss 00:15:33.808 --> 00:15:37.336 can have her text printed and even have it read back to her through the 00:15:37.369 --> 00:15:42.316 Kurzweil reading machine. When Ira Bossert began losing his eyesight in 00:15:42.349 --> 00:15:47.616 1964 such technology was not available. In fact, he lost his job as an air 00:15:47.649 --> 00:15:51.846 traffic controller, but that was before he heard about visual tech, a 00:15:51.879 --> 00:15:56.255 video print enlarger that allowed him to read and write again. Now he 00:15:56.288 --> 00:16:00.157 works at helping others to keep their knowledge. Bossert along with his 00:16:00.190 --> 00:16:04.917 wife, Jan got into the magnification business. We found many different 00:16:04.950 --> 00:16:10.927 types of magnifiers, many different powers and different age such as the 00:16:10.960 --> 00:16:15.836 large print computer display processor, the cyber talker, which is a 00:16:15.869 --> 00:16:20.246 speech adapter for the computer. The visual tech, which is the video 00:16:20.279 --> 00:16:23.856 visual aid that you can read and write and type with can also be 00:16:23.889 --> 00:16:28.436 interfaced with a computer. Tom Belson, a project manager with American 00:16:28.469 --> 00:16:32.856 Express in Phoenix uses the visual tech with the computer in his job. It 00:16:32.889 --> 00:16:36.407 seems technology has been one step ahead of him as his vision has 00:16:36.440 --> 00:16:43.807 continued to deteriorate, technology has saved me really from, from losing 00:16:43.840 --> 00:16:50.596 a job. And because you, I entered the, the job market were entered into 00:16:50.629 --> 00:16:55.316 computers with enough vision so that I didn't need any other kind of 00:16:55.349 --> 00:17:01.217 support. As my vision deteriorated. If the devices hadn't been there, I 00:17:01.250 --> 00:17:05.897 would have been and really out of a job and looking for some other type of 00:17:05.930 --> 00:17:13.165 employment. Uh without the technology and without, you know, these 00:17:13.198 --> 00:17:17.436 advances that have been made, there would be a lot of people who wouldn't 00:17:17.469 --> 00:17:22.206 be able to, to have jobs. Belson and others who have benefited from these 00:17:22.239 --> 00:17:26.815 advances continue to seek devices that will aid them hopeful that 00:17:26.848 --> 00:17:34.848 technology will meet their special needs 00:17:54.439 --> 00:17:58.325 for the blind or anyone for whom the pleasure of reading has been lost. 00:17:58.358 --> 00:18:02.887 There is an alternative called Sun Sounds. It's the only radio reading 00:18:02.920 --> 00:18:06.426 service in Arizona, broadcasting everything from newspapers and Stephen 00:18:06.459 --> 00:18:10.285 King novels to the Sunday funnies and services aimed primarily at the 00:18:10.318 --> 00:18:14.176 print handicapped transmitted on a special frequency by national public 00:18:14.209 --> 00:18:20.210 radio station K J Z Z. The reading is done by over 300 volunteers some 17 00:18:20.243 --> 00:18:25.342 hours a day to roughly 6000 listeners statewide. The purpose of Sun sounds 00:18:25.375 --> 00:18:29.522 according to station director, Didi Pierce is to give the blind and 00:18:29.555 --> 00:18:33.381 physically handicapped a sense of independence, an independent witch 00:18:33.414 --> 00:18:37.351 according to Pierce comes from knowing what's going on in the world. And 00:18:37.384 --> 00:18:40.460 tonight Horizon producer Mike Shelton takes a look at some of the people 00:18:40.493 --> 00:18:48.493 behind the scenes at Sun. Sounds 00:18:49.088 --> 00:18:52.035 good evening. Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our Sun Sounds radio 00:18:52.068 --> 00:18:57.656 theater production of 1000 clowns written by Herb Gardiner. Sun Sounds 00:18:57.689 --> 00:19:03.206 once begun in October 1979 as a radio outreach project of Rio Salado 00:19:03.239 --> 00:19:07.325 Community College, a project aimed specifically towards the print 00:19:07.358 --> 00:19:13.097 handicapped of Arizona. And after six years of service, Sun sounds is more 00:19:13.130 --> 00:19:18.176 than just another radio station to both listeners and volunteers alike to 00:19:18.209 --> 00:19:21.545 those of us who are print handicapped and not only the blind, but others 00:19:21.578 --> 00:19:26.706 who are print handicapped, uh who cannot hold a book and, uh go through 00:19:26.739 --> 00:19:32.847 the normal reading process. Uh If sun signs were to go out of existence, I 00:19:32.880 --> 00:19:37.217 think many people in this community throughout the valley would be, uh, 00:19:37.250 --> 00:19:45.250 would experience a severe setback and their day to day routine. 00:19:49.209 --> 00:19:54.785 Hi, this is welcome to our program of poetry. Well, I've been getting up 00:19:54.818 --> 00:19:58.117 at five in the morning one day a week for it will be two years of summer. 00:19:58.150 --> 00:20:01.857 And obviously, if I didn't enjoy it and didn't get a good feeling from it 00:20:01.890 --> 00:20:06.436 , I would have gave that up real, real long ago. And it's, uh working with 00:20:06.469 --> 00:20:12.776 the people here, the sensitivity they display and they're caring for the 00:20:12.809 --> 00:20:18.357 people on the listening end and the staff end is, is amazing and it, it's 00:20:18.390 --> 00:20:22.726 hard to stay away. It's a real family feeling here. And as in today, 00:20:22.759 --> 00:20:26.736 meeting Bob, the gentleman that was in earlier, getting a response from 00:20:26.769 --> 00:20:31.746 listeners is certainly encouraging and makes me feel real worthwhile about 00:20:31.779 --> 00:20:37.555 doing it. Hello. It's the Happy Cooker Show. I'm your new Happy Cooker Kay 00:20:37.588 --> 00:20:42.535 Nelson. And I'll be sharing with you some recipes and interesting bits of 00:20:42.568 --> 00:20:47.305 food news. Yeah, we do, we do have a variety of programs. We have things 00:20:47.338 --> 00:20:50.887 like access Arizona, which Bob Williams was talking about, which really 00:20:50.920 --> 00:20:54.575 lets our handicapped people know the kinds of legislation and the kinds of 00:20:54.608 --> 00:20:57.766 things that are available to them in the state which generally they never 00:20:57.799 --> 00:21:04.476 know about. We also have such as sort of things as an art show. We have a 00:21:04.509 --> 00:21:08.315 couple of music programs. We have three Spanish language programs. We have 00:21:08.348 --> 00:21:15.156 a couple of sports programs. Uh, we read teen magazines, we read, uh, we 00:21:15.189 --> 00:21:18.367 have a program called Another Point of View, which is the Jewish newspaper 00:21:18.400 --> 00:21:22.026 and the Libertarian newspaper and the New Times and that type of thing 00:21:22.059 --> 00:21:26.387 which is not the gazette and the Republic. Is it gonna be one of those 00:21:26.420 --> 00:21:29.686 weeks? We'll have to do something about that. I should tell you about the 00:21:29.719 --> 00:21:33.097 girls in here, our engineer, she's pulled out her old playboy bunny 00:21:33.130 --> 00:21:37.035 costume and she's wearing that and she's running around the office and 00:21:37.068 --> 00:21:41.026 asking everybody to pull her furry little tail. But, uh, well, you know, 00:21:41.059 --> 00:21:46.256 how, watch that, watch that. I didn't say it. You know, it is fun to read 00:21:46.289 --> 00:21:50.127 . A lot of people just like to read. They do have to take an oral reading 00:21:50.160 --> 00:21:54.436 test to be able to read for sun sounds 00:21:54.469 --> 00:21:59.256 and it's just a nice thing to do. They're not coming, I think maybe, 00:21:59.289 --> 00:22:02.906 versus working in a hospital or something like that, they're not coming in 00:22:02.939 --> 00:22:08.535 contact with sick people. It's a nice atmosphere in our office here. They 00:22:08.568 --> 00:22:11.035 feel like they're doing something worthwhile and they're putting in, 00:22:11.068 --> 00:22:15.186 they're making a commitment. One of the many unique volunteers at Sun 00:22:15.219 --> 00:22:20.367 Sounds is Cindy cos a site impaired Suns Soundss announcer who operates an 00:22:20.400 --> 00:22:25.117 intimidating array of broadcast controls. By the beginning, I had to take 00:22:25.150 --> 00:22:30.117 notes in Braille on where all the controls were because none of these are 00:22:30.150 --> 00:22:34.656 labeled and that really helped me in the beginning. Um because it was a 00:22:34.689 --> 00:22:39.867 big board and there was a lot to learn in the beginning. Now. It isn't so 00:22:39.900 --> 00:22:43.085 hard. But when I was first looking at the board, it just looked 00:22:43.118 --> 00:22:47.785 overwhelming. Cindy does everything. A radio announcer is expected to do 00:22:47.818 --> 00:22:52.315 from threading and airing pre recorded tapes and station breaks. You're 00:22:52.348 --> 00:22:56.075 listening to Sun Arizona's radio reading service for the print handicapped 00:22:56.108 --> 00:23:04.108 , operating on the sub carriers of stations K in Tucson and KJ Inx. It's 00:23:05.880 --> 00:23:11.956 one and back to Virginia with the Wall Street Journal to reading public 00:23:11.989 --> 00:23:15.967 service announcements from Braille rather than print. Many of you have 00:23:16.000 --> 00:23:20.127 been listening for a while and realize that the free manner for the blind 00:23:20.160 --> 00:23:24.426 that we all use for talking books, braille books and other services may be 00:23:24.459 --> 00:23:28.535 taken away from us this year. If we're not careful, here are the people to 00:23:28.568 --> 00:23:31.717 write to about this. If you would like to see free manner for the blind 00:23:31.750 --> 00:23:36.107 continued. But if you want to listen to Cindy or any other Sun Sounds 00:23:36.140 --> 00:23:41.196 volunteer, you'll need a special radio receiver available only through Sun 00:23:41.229 --> 00:23:44.976 Sounds. Now, this is a little receiver that we give out to all of our 00:23:45.009 --> 00:23:50.210 eligible listeners. To be an eligible listener. They must apply to us and 00:23:50.243 --> 00:23:52.842 we must have some kind of proof that they are blind or physically 00:23:52.875 --> 00:23:56.361 handicapped. Generally the signature of a nurse or a doctor, then we won't 00:23:56.394 --> 00:24:00.440 provide this to them free of charge. The reason they need a special radio 00:24:00.473 --> 00:24:07.160 receiver is because we operate over the sub carrier of KJ. And to be able 00:24:07.193 --> 00:24:11.420 to pick up our signal, they have to have a special receiver, whatever a 00:24:11.453 --> 00:24:15.242 person had to offer here, all it takes is a little dedication, a little 00:24:15.275 --> 00:24:20.295 caring about our fellow human beings actually to, to make it work, you can 00:24:20.328 --> 00:24:23.467 either work live on the air like we do reading the paper or you can come 00:24:23.500 --> 00:24:26.916 in and work in a little studio booth and record an hour out of a book for 00:24:26.949 --> 00:24:30.186 somebody. Something that's of personal interest to you. So there's really 00:24:30.219 --> 00:24:38.219 such a variety of opportunities available here. 00:25:02.189 --> 00:25:05.565 An increase in the number of rabid animals in Arizona this year has 00:25:05.598 --> 00:25:09.147 prompted the State Department of Health Services to issue a rabies risk 00:25:09.180 --> 00:25:13.426 warning. So far this year, 56 wild animals have been proven rabid in our 00:25:13.459 --> 00:25:18.045 state. Normally, nocturnal animals such as bats, fox and particularly 00:25:18.078 --> 00:25:22.006 skunks transmit the viral illness which affects the nervous system, an 00:25:22.039 --> 00:25:26.656 illness which is invariably fatal. Once symptoms appear. In fact, skunks 00:25:26.689 --> 00:25:31.476 have accounted for 48 of the rabid animal cases reported in Arizona during 00:25:31.509 --> 00:25:36.357 1985. The last rabies related death among humans in Arizona was reported 00:25:36.390 --> 00:25:41.696 in 1970. Nevertheless, rabies is a potentially serious health problem as 00:25:41.729 --> 00:25:48.607 Horizon's Metal Day Cain and Eric Temple show us in the following report, 00:25:48.640 --> 00:25:52.746 rabies or hydrophobia as it is sometimes called, has been feared by men 00:25:52.779 --> 00:25:57.006 for centuries. But contrary to what some people think it is not a disease 00:25:57.039 --> 00:26:02.285 of the past, there are thousands of deaths in the U in the world from 00:26:02.318 --> 00:26:08.476 rabies every year in the United States. It's a low incidence of three or 00:26:08.509 --> 00:26:16.236 four a year. We've controlled ratings since 1961 here in Maricopa County. 00:26:16.269 --> 00:26:22.535 Prior to 1961 from 50 to 61 there was something like 21 cases of positive 00:26:22.568 --> 00:26:27.335 diagnosis of dogs since that time, that had been zip here in Maricopa 00:26:27.368 --> 00:26:34.565 County. Uh We have about from 3 to 4, either bats or wildlife that are 00:26:34.598 --> 00:26:41.676 diagnosed at the state uh laboratory or per month that are within this 00:26:41.709 --> 00:26:46.756 particular region. There's another diagnostic laboratory in Tucson from 00:26:46.789 --> 00:26:50.506 that particular reason and probably between the two diagnostic 00:26:50.539 --> 00:26:55.416 laboratories, it's between five and 10 per month. A common myth about 00:26:55.449 --> 00:26:59.575 rabies is that infected animals always froth at the mouth. What we're 00:26:59.608 --> 00:27:05.607 looking for is a change in behavior. I think this is probably the most 00:27:05.640 --> 00:27:09.666 characteristic sign of rabies. 00:27:09.699 --> 00:27:16.176 In other words, a bobcat that comes right up into your camp or is at close 00:27:16.209 --> 00:27:21.097 range to where you can see it and shows no fear of you as a human being. 00:27:21.130 --> 00:27:25.936 That's very abnormal behavior and usually indicative of rabies, bats 00:27:25.969 --> 00:27:30.055 flying around during the day time or flopping around on the ground 00:27:30.088 --> 00:27:33.967 indicates there's something drastically wrong in an abnormal change in 00:27:34.000 --> 00:27:37.696 behavior. And this same thing carries over into dogs and cats, you'll have 00:27:37.729 --> 00:27:45.555 a mean dog that becomes, becomes docile or docile dog that becomes mean. 00:27:45.588 --> 00:27:50.256 And what we're looking for is a change in behavior. Another misconception 00:27:50.289 --> 00:27:54.117 is that animals that are kept primarily indoors are not likely to contract 00:27:54.150 --> 00:27:59.897 rabies. Pets and dogs that are kept in their own household, obviously are 00:27:59.930 --> 00:28:05.236 not going to run into a rabid animal every day. But there are plenty of 00:28:05.269 --> 00:28:11.377 cases documented in history where bats have come in, come into the yard 00:28:11.410 --> 00:28:19.410 and bitten a child or bitten a dog. Um, cats are very mobile and can come 00:28:19.618 --> 00:28:26.647 over fences, they do it all the time. And so a cat that has rabies doesn't 00:28:26.680 --> 00:28:30.486 necessarily mean that he's so sick that he can't get around, they can 00:28:30.519 --> 00:28:35.426 travel miles with the disease. And if they get into a conflict with your 00:28:35.459 --> 00:28:39.387 domestic cat that has just been turned out to go out in the sandbox for a 00:28:39.420 --> 00:28:42.476 couple of minutes and right back in and, you know, he's only been out 00:28:42.509 --> 00:28:47.456 there a couple of minutes, they could have a scrape and it takes all it 00:28:47.489 --> 00:28:51.226 takes is a puncturing of the skin and the rabies virus is in the saliva of 00:28:51.259 --> 00:28:56.446 that cat that came into the yard. The cat that comes into the yard with 00:28:56.479 --> 00:29:00.825 rabies is more aggressive, also, potentially quite, quite a bit more 00:29:00.858 --> 00:29:05.476 aggressive if it's in the later stages when the virus is really working. 00:29:05.509 --> 00:29:13.266 So there are some false senses of security there. Another thing too is the 00:29:13.299 --> 00:29:18.746 liability factor if you have no rabies vaccination and someone comes to 00:29:18.779 --> 00:29:24.226 your house just as a visitor and uh accidentally steps on your dog's foot 00:29:24.259 --> 00:29:30.097 and the dog retaliates out of pain and you have a breaking of the skin. 00:29:30.130 --> 00:29:34.186 Then the whole question comes up is to stop being vaccinated for rabies, 00:29:34.219 --> 00:29:38.097 you know, and then all the, there's a cascade of events there that are 00:29:38.130 --> 00:29:41.276 really uncomfortable for everyone 00:29:41.309 --> 00:29:46.305 after the report is made. 00:29:46.338 --> 00:29:53.085 Then a animal control officer investigates it. If the dog is not 00:29:53.118 --> 00:29:57.147 vaccinated and licensed. It has to be quarantined for a seven day period 00:29:57.180 --> 00:30:02.627 in the hospital or the camp if it is, which means it has to be vaccinated 00:30:02.660 --> 00:30:08.825 prior to that, it can be quarantined at home. So there's a big expense 00:30:08.858 --> 00:30:14.315 differential quite an incentive to keep your dog. And basically what we're 00:30:14.348 --> 00:30:19.637 trying to determine in a rabies, quarantine with any animal was whether or 00:30:19.670 --> 00:30:25.285 not rabies virus was in the saliva at the time of the bite for a seven day 00:30:25.318 --> 00:30:29.906 period. We can't tell whether an animal has rabies because of the long and 00:30:29.939 --> 00:30:35.117 varied incubation period. But we can tell if rabies virus was in the 00:30:35.150 --> 00:30:40.217 saliva at the end of seven days, that animal is going to be dead are very 00:30:40.250 --> 00:30:46.676 , very ill and that's what the quarantine is for. Horizon will be pre 00:30:46.709 --> 00:30:50.315 empted tomorrow evening, but join us again for Thursday's Horizon. Thanks 00:30:50.348 --> 00:30:58.348 very much for being here. I'm Michael Grant. Good night. 00:31:12.059 --> 00:31:15.496 If you have comments regarding this evening's Horizon program, send them 00:31:15.529 --> 00:31:22.000 to Horizon Channel eight Television, Arizona State University. 10 P 85287.