ARIZONA DEPARTHENT OF TRANSPORTATION
ARIZONA TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH CENTER

STATE-OF-THE-ART REPORT ON
SNOW PLOW DESIGN

Prepared by: Rudolf Kolaja
Arizona Transportation Research Center

April 1986

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

.......................................
TYPES OF SNOW PLOWS ...............................
ADDITIONAL FEATURES OF PLOWS .......................
CLASSIFICATION OF SNOW-REMOVAL EQUIPHENT ...........
ENGINEERING STUDIES ON SNOW REHOVAL ................
SNOW REHOVING PERFORHANCE OF THE SNOWPLOW
TRUCK .............................................
VII . RESEARCH ON AIR LUBRICATED SNOWPLOW ................
VIII . STUDY ON THE RESISTANCE OF SNOWPLOWING AND
THE RUNNING STABILITY OF THE SNOW-REMOVAL TRUCK ...
SNOWPLOWING VISIBILITY IHPROVEHENT WITH
TURNING VANES HOUNTED TO SNOW CAPS ................
SNOWPLOW RESEARCH BY HENKE MANUFACTURING
CORPORATION .......................................
STRATEGIC HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM .................
INTRODUCTION

TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD RESEARCH
ACTIVITIES

..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m m . . . . . . . . . .

.
XIV .

w

...........................
CONTACTS MADE .....................................
xv . SUHHARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...........................
XVI . RECOHXENDATIONS .............................
XVII . LIST OF REFERENCES ................................
XI11

SNOW PLOW HANUFACTURERS

1
2

4
5

6

7
8

9

10

11
20
21
21

22
23

i . . . . . . 24

25

>.

I. INTRODUCTION

Arizona
experience
reeearch
on

a

to

eafety.

of

of

of

Transportation

problems

these

problems

equipment,

windshields,
Attempts

technicians

which

snow
may

plow operators

be solved through

With the higher speeds in enow removal ueed

highways

overheating

and

number

activities.

state

damage

Department

enow

blow-over,

gravel and debris which cause

flying

difficult

to

are

include:

maneuverability

and

reduced

solve some of theme problem6 by operators

usually

baeed

on trial and error methods,

which appears to be very coetly and dangeroue.

The

objective

of

the

available

information

moldboard

configuration,

ice

ecraping,

univeraal
speed
and
plov,

ideal

frame

derign
optimum

effort

im

to

gather

all

standards for ideal anow plow
plow attack angle for anow and

enow plov awing angle and plow "frog framem

hitch

and

hormepower required for low and high

There is also a need to determine advantages

operationa.

disadvantages
spreader

on;

preaent

of

and

a load mensing hydraulic eyetem for

using
dump

function9 versrur the conventional open

center syrtea.

Available
the

literature

information
search

on
and

snow plow deeigns gathered during
input

from

manufacturer8 is eummarized in thie report.

prement

snow

plow

..
11. TYPES OF SNOW PLOWS

A

multitude

work,

and

the

type

of

enow

road

syeteme

The

of plowe are available for snow and ice control

particular
condition

should be choeen to match the

design

expected in the area, the nature of the

and the truck that will be ueed t o propel the plow.

following

is a summary of the major typee of enow plows

ae deecribed in the mHanual for Deicing Chemicalam:

1.

High

Speed

moldboard,
It

ie

plows

rnow

the

In

vieibility

2.

of

a

conical-ahaped

in only one direction, usually to the right-hand

road.

The moldboard ie contoured eo that the enow

light

anow,

blowing

this

feature

improvee

the

the driver so that he can achieve a higher plowing

Hinirnum power ie a180 required to push the plow.

Two-way

Plow

straight-edged
in

by

from the large end on the blade and ie directed out to the

aide.

speed.

characterized

typically ueed on very large vehiclee ( 5 tone or more) and

of

leevea

is

ia small on one end and large on the other end.

which

the

eide

Plow

eizee

vehiclee
four-wheel

ia

plow

ranging
ranging
drive

popular

for

all

around

use;

it

ie, a

with a conetant croaa section moldboard made
from

8

feet

to

14

feet

in width; ueed on

in size from utility vehicles up to the largest
plow trucks.

The power-angling characterietica

are

ureful

for

multiple-lane
directly

of

limits

up

either

to

the right or to the left on

roade and, upon occamhon, are used for pushing enov

ahead

moldboard
come

plowing

over

the truck.
the

the

epeed

front

The constant croea section of the
of plowing.

of

the

Snow has a tendency to

moldboard

thus

reducing the

visibility of the driver.

3.

Two Way High Speed Plow ie a compromise between the high-epeed

and

two-way

plow.

double-formed
to

the

ham

It

moldboard,

right

or

a

straight

cutting

edge

and

a

vhich ie capable of casting snow either

to the left, depending upon the orientation of

the plow.

4.

Vee

Plow

occur.

ueeful

ie

Typically

a

in

Vee

areae

where

moderate drifting may

plow ie mounted on a large four-vheel

drive truck.

5.

Wina

Plow

accumulated
the
anow

road.
on

a

ie

for

pushing

back

high

drift8

or the

enow

left over from earlier storma along the edgm of

In

addition it io also ueed often for plowing light

multi-lane

collected

by

the

and

wing

ueed

highvay.

the truck'r
puerhed

. In

thie

operation, the %now

front-mounted two-way plow ie caught by

back further, thue increasing the width of

road cleared in a single pass by one truck.

Underbody

6.

from

roadwaye.

presrure
and

Scrapera are ueeful for removal of hard packed rnow
Theee

plowe

are

capable of exerting downward

on the cutting edge of the plow and breaking through ice
Underbody plove are also

hard pack under same circumstancee.

ueeful for removing light accumulatione of snov (up to 2 inchem).
7.

Road

Gradere

shouldere

are

operations.
operations
The

used

Such
and

easily

equipment

that

a

for

i

used

in

the

unit

is

during

the summer for grading

vinter

time

useful

for

for

both

anow-plowing
straight-line

clearing parking lots and other large areas.

controlled
that

are

ecraper

capable

of

blade ie often the only piece of
removing

hard pack and ice from

roadway surfaces.

8.

Rubber-Tired

extremely

Front-End-Loader

ueeful

for

equipped

for

plowing

are

urban rnow plowing, capable of maneuvering

in very tight quarters.

All
the

snow plowe must be able to be lifted from the eurface of

roadway

accompliahed
In

addition,

by

the

operator

through

remote

control, usually

by a hydraulic control ayeter operated from the cab.
plowr
the

should

whole

plow

have

a

itself

mechanism,
trips

it

by

the

meets an

moldboard

or

immovable

object, ouch am a manhole cover, thereby minimizing the

shock trananitted to the truck and driver.

when

where

All
to

front-mounted

the

frame

attached

of

rapidly

available,

of

which

A

are

wide variety of hitches are

fabricated

of

the

various

find

that

plow

cutting

ineerte

far

needed.

shops

organizatione
carbide

truck and to which the plow itself can be

when

many

maintenance

give

the

nuet have a hitch firmly attached

plowe

or

modified

in the

municipalitier.

Hany

edgee that have tungsten

eliminate

the

need for changing cutting edge=,

service,

and

are

longer

well

worth

the additional

purchase cost.

For
rubber

areas

cutting

auccese

for

equipped

with

the

edges

critical

minimum

enow

freshly

raised
cutting

the

for

removing

polyurethane
below

where

plowe

is

28-320FI

have been used with some

fallen or sluahy nnovs from roads

reflectorized
edgee

temperature

traffic markera.

Rubber or

are not ueeful when temperatures are

temperature

range

of 28-32OF and eteel and

carbide-ineert blades are needed to remove the enow.

IV.

CLASSIFICATION OF SNOW-REMOVAL EQUIPHENT
Proceedings

and

Ice

Control

anow-removal
type

of

followe x

work

of

Researcha

equipment
it

an International Sympoeium on "Snow Removal
(6)

rhould

sugeeeted

be

that

every price of

valued and clreeified for the

is expected to do.

A euggested divirion ir as

No.

Type of Work

Type of Equipment

1.

Snow-dozing

Very alow moving equipment

2.

Snow-plowing

Slow moving equipment

3.

Snow-throwing

Feet moving equipment

4.

Snow-blowing

Rotariee of varioue types

At
epeede
known

slow
of

epsede %now im pushed or plowed, but at the faster

20

about

to

the

mph

30

it ie thrown.

snow-throwing

In fact, too little is

porsibilitiee; that ie receiving

Borne attention in Japan.

V.

ENGINEERING STUDIES ON SNOW REHOVAL

Because
the

design
little

Army

Cold

that

no

1970,

information

and

data are not available,

and manufacture of rnow-removal equipment ham changed

very

provide

adequate

since

Regione

the 1930'8
Research

engineering

(6).

and

In 1967, David Hinek of U.S.

Engineering Laboratory

stated

study has been made in the United Stater to

a mound basis for enow removal equipment development.
an

including

examination
the

National

this ram atill true.

of

material

Research

in

technical

In

libraries,

Council Library confirmed that

VI. SNOW REMOVING PERFORMANCE OF THE SNOW PLOW TRUCK

Teetta

were

7-to-10

ton

winter6

of

have

been

deep

at

conducted

capacity
1965-66

tested
epeeda

to

4-wheel

amcertain

drive

and 1966-67.

the

performance

of

trucks in Japan ( 6 ) in the

Trucks equipped with ~nowplowa

for the capability of removing enow 5 to 20 cm
Because of difficulties of

of 15 to 30 km/hour.

controlling

natural

temperature,

wind,

such

conditions
and

road

surface

ee

enow

density,

conditione

there

air
la

a

considerable spread of the data.

Field

atudiee

of

the

performance

of

these

truckr with

enowplowa produced the following resulte:

-

Working

reeietance

of the truck coneiats of the truck'e

rolling

resistance

that

reeietance

variee vith its epeed, sliding

of anowplow, and enow accelerating reeimtance

expreseed ae a aquare of the truck speed,

-

A t

a

truck

performance

speed

of

lea.

than 7.5 mph, snow-removing

of the one-way plov is not effective because

the plow p u ~ h e esnow without throwing,

-

Snow-removing

efficiency of the plov fallr am the equare

of the truck epeed,

-

The

dimtance enow im thrown incrsamea with the equare of

the plow speed,

-

The

plow

with the conical surface performed better than

one with a cylindrical surface.

Conaequently,
the

the neceeaary truck driving force required by

coneiste

plow

of

truck

running

reeietance,

plow rliding

resistance, end snow-removing reeistance all put together.

VII. RESEARCH ON AIR LUBRICATED SNOW PLOW

A

paper

Snow

Removal

1978

(2)

and

reports

sponsored

at the Second International Symposium on

Ice
on

Control Reeearch held in New Hampahire in
research

on

an air lubricated snow plow,

by the National Research Council of Canada.

One of the

investigated was a means of reducing the dynamic friction

methods
of

prerented

enow

on a enow plow blade.

Air ia eupplied to the eurface of

a blade to provide a lubricating film.

This
plow
air

concept

modified
to

front

a enall mtandard cylindrical design rnow

to provide the air-lubricated feature.

blade

perforated
air.

flexible hoses.

Air

To provide

surface, a falme blade eurface waa installed in

of the existing blade.

aluminum
eupply

a

used

The fmlee blade surface wee made of

and oriented to give directional flow to the
vae

a u p p l i ~ dfrom fan outlets by a number of

The

firet

air

dramatically;
without

enow

hitting

designing
enow
air

provide9

friction

obeerving
blade

few teete with this plow rhowed two things rather

enow

exploeione
a

the

while

the

mnow

blade

etill

a virtually frictionleee eurface and
flow

is

resulting

from

accumulation,
to

uncontrollable.
the

air

After

lubricated

consideration was given to

give directional control of the flowing

taking advantage of the air lubrication.

Thie

lubricated enow plow contained a much larger perforated blade
The initial teats of this m o w plow blade mounted on a

surface.
etandard

vehicle

However,

it

ham

provided

the desired directional control.

will take further development and evaluation of this

principle to determine its
poeeible

merite for high epeed anow removal or improved snow plow

efficiency at existing epeede.

VIII.

A

STUDY

ON

THE RESISTANCE OF SNOWPLOWING AND THE RUNNING

STABILITY OF SNOW-REMOVAL TRUCKS

Another
Sumposium

held

reeistance
anow-removal
the

paper

of

waa

New

of

at

at

Hanpehire

rnowplowing

truck

Hinirtry

anowplowing

in

presented

high

and

obtained
stability

in
the

epeed.

Education

in

the

Second

International

1978 ( 2 ) dealt with the

running

stability

of

a

Thia etudy waa eponeored by
Japan.

The

resietance

of

from the rerulte of field experiaentm,

while

running

was

speed

of the anow removal truck without unstable motion on both a

tangent and curved road eection.

derived by calculating the maximum

Thim
problem.
from

etudy

the

firet of its kind to approach various

Because of the lack of data which can be ueed directly

field

experiment. numeroue aeeumptions were used.

calculation
which

im

of

the

depends

operation

running

largely

hae

been

on

etability

of a enow-removal truck.

experience,

obtained.

From the

a

rough

Numeroue

outline of the

problems

much ae the

vieual field of the following vehicle9 rernaine unreeolved.

IX.

SNOWPLOWING

VISIBILITY

WITH

IHPROVEUENT

TURNING

VANES

HOUNTED TO SNOW-CAPS

The
Ontario
and

Hiniatry

of

Transportation

and

Communication

for

Province experimented with various rubber flapr, louvree,

venetian

attempt

to

blind devices mounted on the enow plow trucke in an
reduce driver visibility problems with only a limited

aucceaa. 3

Following
concept
behind

numeroua

involvee
the

cab

s

wind

concave

and

turning

on a framework.

vater

tunnel

teete

a new

vane mounted over and juat

Thim deflects the air flow down

over the back of the truck.

Also

under

development

was

a modified turning vane that

mounted on the top edge of the plow blade, extending over

can

be

the

lip of the plow.

catch

most

back

of

vieibility.

of

the

the

plow

Mounted at the correct angle. the vane will
unow
onto

opillover and deflect it down over the
the

highway,

improving

the

driver

SNOWPLOW RESEARCH BY HENKE HANUFACTURING CORPORATION

X.

Snowplows
Corporation
Chelsea,
trough

were

recently

teeted

the

Chrysler

Corporation

at

epeede

sequential

from

photographe

made

during

with

the

each

intercepting

moldboard,

curle

The

doee
vision

at

run.

testing

ground

at

milee
eix

per

hour.

High-=peed

expoauree per eecond were

These graphically illustrate that

relationship

moldboard

operator

10-35

taken

teat

proper

water

Hanufacturing

Teet were run in a 200-foot long wide water

Hichigan.
at

Hsnke

by

of cutting edge layback angle and

radii,

water

flow8

enoothly

up

the

over end is discharged effectively to the eide.
not

curl

ia

not

beck

into

the

path of the plow and

obecurred by mflurrieen over the top of

the moldboard onto the truck windshield.

Figure
edge

layback

moldboard

eurface

angle

and

to

the

effect

of varying the cutting

the importance of properly blending the

gather

the

load

and

carry

it

awry

to

At the ideal angle, mnow and ice are scraped from the

eurface

exceerive

illumtrates

radii

dfacharge.
road

1

with

power
whereae

and
an

minimum

effort.

cauaee
angle

the

laid

Too eteep an angle requires

plow

to *chatterm on the road

back too far tends to cauee the

plow to akfm up and over ice and hard packed snow surfaces.

Figure

1.

show

Diagrams

how

in

changes

cutting

edge

layback angle a££ect plow e££iciency.

The
called

wings

discharge

on

the

reversible

.mouse ears. are also e££ective

evenly placed discharge

alongside

Figure 2. Discharge

IDEAL cutting
interception
and

in accomplishing

the roadway.

(Figure

wings on the reversible

edge

results

layback
in

good

discharge.

12

~-

plow,

and

proper

commonly
a smooth,

2)

plow.
moldboard

load carrying

radii

displacement

tests

Conversely,

angle

excessive

produced

zlurries

water,

to

strikes

by

over the moldboard

in

operators

snow.

in

improper

a rolling

contributing

water

moved

intercepting

a phenomenon

experienced

As the plow enters the
angled cutting

causing the plow

radius £orces the water to

motion back into the path oz the cutting

zurther to the lizting action.

is

as well as

poor. load carrying

the upper radius oz the moldboard,

The

over

edge,

oz

cutting edge layback

the thrust oz the water zrom the improperly

lizt.

curl

zlurries

This series conzirmed

described

edge

with improper

to both sides oz the plow, indicating

characteristics.

and

run

reduced,

As the amount

the plow settles back down, only to

repeat the cycle again.

all

Although
are valuable

An
developed
plowing

the

in planning

ezzective

by

tests

were preliminary

zuture tests.

automatic

Henke which provides

equipment

in nature, they

quick

Quick Coupler.

13

---

fIJ

system

a high versatility

is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Automatic

coupling

(AQC),

oz the snow

By

uoe

coupling
no

to

downtime

of

spring

loaded eelf-locking cam, the automatic

the attachment ie achieved vithout pins resulting in
or maintenance of pine.

An operator can hook to the

attachment

without leaving the comfort of his cab in lees than 10

eeconda.

Both

to
the

be

male and female coupling mechanism were designed
A s a rerult of thie common deeign, this enables

common.

eame

attachment

to

be

used on either end loadere or motor

graders of different makea and modele.

The
ie

automatic locking of the attachment to the prime mover

accompliehed

bottom

of

portion

the

of

a

spring

automatic

the

eliminating
proceee.

by

AQC

loaded "cum latchm located in the

quick coupler female of the attachment

eyetem.

It

irnprovee

operator

aafety

by

operator intervention in the eutomatic quick coupling
The

ARC

eyeten

is deeigned to accept hydraulic down

premsure.

The
converting
blowers,

Henke
the

AOC

attachment female portion is available for

exieting

sweepere

and

and

competitive

brend

other

attachnentr

to

truck

the

mounted

AOC coupling

eyetern.

Henke
for

the

the

plow,

ryetea.

is

plow.
are

also

developing a load eeneing hydraulic system

The hydraulic cylinders, located on each ride of
croae-plumbed

through m preeaure rensitive valve

According
Hanufacturing
in

anov

plow

to

nichael

Cooperation,
trip

Green,

the

rysteme.

the

President

of

Henke

problems in enov plov deeign are

Baaically, four different typea of

trip syeteme are available:

1)

Standard mechanical over center type (Figure 4 )

2)

4-extention epring trip (Figure 5 )

3)

One-way spring trip (Figure 6 )

4)

Trip cutting edge (Figure 7 )

Figure

4.

Standard

Figure

5.

mechanical

4-extension

16

JI1

over center type trip.

spring trip.

l

j

Figure

Figure

6. One way spring trip.

7. Trip cutting edge.
17

fI]

Another
power
is

problem

appears to be a mismatch

between

If the truck

of the plow truck and the weight of the plow.

too

powerful,

damage to the snow plow results

the horse

and if the plow

is too heavy, damage to the truck may result when the plow trips.

Overheating

result

of

improper

and

combination,

of

the

truck

truck

improper

engine has been stated to be a

horsepower,

plow

swing

of

type

length

for

snow

plow

the plowing

conditions.

During
developed
suitable

by

the

recent

ASHKOSH

plow

Truck

for snow plowing.

study, Henke used a 400 HP truck

Corporation

(Figure

which

appears

8)

Figure 8. OSHKOSH truck with Vee plow.
18

-JI1

to

be

Another
running

gears

The standard

area

to

which

be

investigated

provide

running

to snow plow.

gears are in Figure 9

adjustable shoes are standard

equipment

guidance

running gears are screw adJustable.

The types o£ available

S~w

the vertical

is related to snow plow

Optional 7%" dia. mushroom or 11%"
dia. mushroom

.

1 x 6 shoes on 36R-30-47 one ways
1 x 6 shoes on 42R-39-52 one ways

Nose guard for 6" or 8" cutting edge
standard on all one way plows.

9. Types o£ running

Figure

19

-

I

I

lIJl~ ,I

Optional Curb shoes. Specify 1 or 2
required

gears.

STRATEGIC HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM

XI.

The
in

National

September

research4.
treated
of

Workehop at Dmllam/Fort Worth, Texas Airport
hae

1985

was

It

addreeeed

stated

that

the

need for onowplow deeign

the

part

practice generally

design independently of the deeign and capabilitiea

plow

the prime movers plow and truck must be conmidered ae a eyatem

for

optimum

performance.

improvement

efforts

Fundamental

plow

in

Japan,

Sweden,

are

optimized

exception

of

particular

have

deeign

been

Japan,

of

U.S.

demign

improvement8 have reeulted from studiee

their
no

rcientifically-baeed

undertaken in the United Stater.

Switzerland,

for

needs

No

Germany, end Great Britain, and

particular

work

ie

conditions.

currently

maintenance

With

underway,

the

and the

are not being

engineers

addreeeed.

The

need for this effort war identified am one of the four

recommended

by the Highway Haintenance ~eeeerchNeeds Workehop in

No

action ham been taken to implement the recommendation

1974.

for research on this topic, and the need still reaaine.

The
of

objective

deeign

of

criteria

mpecificatione

and

for

etandard
conditione.

of

deaigne

of

and

ice

different

derign

detailr

plowe

principlem,

snow,
for

preparation
dieplacement

aerodynaaic/hydrodynamic

characteristicm

thir research neede to be aetabliehment

baeed

material

and
on

handling

cutting nechrnicr leading to

type8

of

snow

and

climatic

Plow and carrier m e a myrtem for optimum derign has

to be considered.

XII.

TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

The

Transportation

Haintenance'

ia

concerned

including

recent

dircuseions

theme

it

with

appears

activities

with

Board

all

Committee

aepecte

of

on -Winter

snow

anowplowing and diepoeal proceduree.

removal

committee,

Remearch

which

David

that

tfinek,

the

chairman

and ice
From the
of

thie

snowplowing ir only a amall part of

are not to be initiated earlier than the

Fall, 1986.

XIII.

SNOW PLOW HANUFACTURERS

The

following

aanufacturerea

were identified and located

within the United Statesr

Henks Xanufacturing Corporation

P.O.

Box 818

2105 E. Bremer Avenue
Waverly, Iowa

50677

319-332-5150

Schmidt Engineering and Equipment
4703 W.

Electric Avenue

tfilwaukee, Wieconsin

414-672-2229

33229

Viking Manufacturing Company

P. 0. Box 218
Harrieville, New York

13648

315-543-2321

XIV.

CONTACTS HADE

All

of

requeeted

the

to

three

provide

manufactures
any

have

available

been contacted and

Information

on

the

etate-of-the-art of enow plow design.

Henke
Kolaja,
11,

of

Manufacturing
the

1986.

Arizona

The

information

on

other

snow

Corporation

hae been virited by Rudy

Transportation Reeearch Center on April

two

plow

manufacturers

design

except

did
the

not provide any
location

of the

cloee-by dealerrhipe.

David
Engineering
03755,

Hinek

of

Laboratory,

Phone

No.

U.S.
72

Army
Lyrne

Gold
Road,

Regions
Hanover,

Rerearoh

and

New Hanpehire

(603)646-4474, ham provided information about

the TRB reeearch project on "Winter Maintenancew.

Dave
No.

Green,

(414) 235-9150,

enov
plows.

OSHKOSH
has

Truck

Corporation, Wieconein, Phone

been contacted in regard to mizing the

plow trucks in relation to different types and mizea of mnow

He

stated

that

determination

of

proper truck-plow

combinatlone
In

moat

enow

ie

highly theoretical and needr to be invemtigated.

case8 the capital and operating cost of ideal trucks for

plowing ie exceaeive, eince theee trucka are ueed on average

only between 120-200 hours a year.

XV.

SUHHARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Design
changed

and

very

deaign

manufacturing

little

improvement

States.

eince

enow

of

the 1930'8.

efforts

have

removal equipment has
No scientifically-based

been

undertaken in the United

Fundamental plov d ~ e i g nimprovements have resulted from

etudies

in

Sweden,

Japan,

Switzerland,

Germany,

and

Great

Britain, and are optimized for their particular conditione.

The

recent

Corporetion

eeem

teete
to

problema

experienced

improved

aa

plowing
and

can

well
be

moldboard

smooth

ae

of

enow

provide

eolutione

ADOT.

by

plowa

by Henke Hanufacturing
to some of enow plowing

Truck driver vieibility can be

overheating

of

truck engines during anow

eliminated by proper cutting edge lay back angle
intercepting

diecharge

can

be

radii

of

accomplished

the

plov.

using

Effective and

discharge

vings,

called "mouse wings" on reveraible plowe.

high

Automatic

quick

vereatility

of

coupling
the

snow

eysten made by Henke providee a
plowing

equipment. Load eenaing

hydraulic nyetem ie under development by Henke.

OSHKOSH

Truck

Corporation

ir

manufacturing

a

range of

trucks muitable for snow plowing.

XVI.

RECOHUENDATIONS

A

demonstration

manufacturing
remults
is

of

being

adopted

company

project

much

as

in

Henke

cooperation

with

a

and OSHKOSH utilizing the

the described up-to-date technology and the knowledge

euggeeted.
by

ADOT

Proven technology by this project could be

to

improve

the

current

enow

plow

removal

activitiee.

The

following aspects of snow plowing technology appear to

be deficient and further reeeerch ie suggeeted:

1)

Determination

of

optimum

rize and horrepower of snow

plow truck aize and type of snow plow.

2) Determination

of

optimum

anow

plow

variety of rnow conditions and truck-plow

radii

under

a

combinations.

3) Invemtigationa of snow plow trip rystene in relation to

typee of plows and truck sizes.

4)

end

Inve8tigation
determination

of
of

a variety of rnow plow running gear8
optimum

typee

in relation t o enow

plowing conditionlr, type of roadway8 etc.

5)

Economic analyeie of ideal and optimum anow plowe, snow

plow

6 their operatione determined appropriate for

trucks

ADOT use.

XVIII.

1.

LIST OF REFERENCES

L.

David

Application

Richardson,

.Hanual

Practicee*,

National

U. S.

Center,

for

Deicing

Environmental

Chemicals:
Remearch

Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,

Ohio, December 1974.

2.

"Snow

Removal

and

Ice

Control Remearch*,

he

Second

International

Sympoeium,

proceeding^ of

Xanover,

New

Hampehire, 1978, Sponeored by TRB.

3.

'Snow

Plowing

Hounted

to

Visibility

Plows-Cabern,

Improved
Better

vith

Turning

Vanes

Roada, Volume 45, No. 7,

July 1975.

4.

Strategic

Highway

DallaelFort

Worth,

Resemrch
Texas

Program,
Airport,

National

Workrhop,

Participant Workbook,

September 18-20, 1985.

5.

Snow Plow Remearch, Public Workm, September 1985.

6.

Snov

Removal

International

and

Ice Control Research, Procehdinge of an

Symposium

held

April

Report 115, Highvay Remearch Board.
25

8-10,

1970, Special