Wednesday A p r il 2 2 , 1981 Arizona State University ■ T e m p e . A riz o n a ft) Copyr,gW , S,aie Press. 1981| ^ p | ^ _ _ _0 | | - The journey is l° n9 f°r Mexicans I H © w w © llm vvho risk their lives on the border No work, no money, no/ood. The chance to pick orange« /or a penny-a-pound attracts thousands of il­ legal Mexican immigrants to the United State« year after year. Every night untold numbers of these peasant farm ers from Mexico’« heartland steal across the U.S.-Mexican border, following a journey begun by their forefathers more than 125 years ago. They come to work as farmhands for low pay under poor conditions. They must work here, the migrants say, or they and their /amide« will starve. On Feb. 28., State Pre*» photojour­ nalist Lars Jones joined two of these il­ legal aliens on their 28-hour trip across the border. — Ed. ■PS ilBpF IS ii^ ¿ffef] ; *m?fZy •%« I8ÜÄ« »** «fepSÿJ Sm PSSa ■ *..• > **&*.. .g : W& ■*•■•" *1 : ilPiPÄ I ^ 'Ä M p Z - ■3 p » .,g j < y ^ f z t î£ H Î <. • ' "r? ^ x /P K I 1 Jr*1 jg « a km. * vC a v i m m • »#pxipL ¿¿Mi-J* 1 v W i ’ MS 7 s « ] Inside “. . . The route they decided to tafee would lead them across 70 miles of em pty desert to the small mining town of Ajo, A riz.. . .” t was still winter in the Organ Pipe National Monument when F ra n c isc o M iguel G a sp a r and Eladio Gonzales-Gonzales at­ tempted to cross the southern Arizona desert. The dawn air was very cold and Francisco quickened his pace, he was almost running. Francisco and Eladio hoped to find jobs in the citrus groves near Phoenix. They had become illegal aliens the previous afternoon, the moment they squeezed through the four strands of barbed wire separating the United States from Mexico. Their journey had begun weeks earlier when they had made long bus trips from their homes in Central Mexico to the border town of Sonorita. i .ike the millions of Mexican nationals who had crossed the border before them and the millions who surely would follow, Eladio and Francisco had gathered with Sonoritan locals to make arrangements for the crossing. Huddled inside the brick wall of a par­ tially completed building where they worked construction for $5 a day, they had planned their trip with locals who “tienen conexiones” (knew the right peo­ ple). The route they decided to take would lead them across 70 miles of empty desert to the small mining town of Ajo, Ariz. As the men talked, children put their playthings aside and came to listen, always staying a reverent distance away. They surely were dreaming of the day when they would be old enough to travel to “The Land of Opportunity.” A friend had agreed to take Francisco and Eladio to the drop-off point for free. Perhaps this was a good omen; rides to the border can cost the migrants between $30 and $50. The first night was moonless, making desert travel extremely difficult. The chances of seeing a snake, let alone the landmarks they needed to guide their way, had been slim. The small flashlight they carried with them was almost useless. Eladio’s and Francisco’s feet suffered from the wounds of the spines of the cholla cactuses that seemed to carpet the desert. Almost every 20 minutes, one of them cried, “Espina! Espina!” (cactus). Then they would stop and remove the needles from each other’s feet, legs or wherever else the spines had intruded. Soon after midnight, they decided to rest until morning. Seemingly unafraid of the Border Patrol, they lit a small fire and huddled under a blanket to await dawn. With only a few agents to patrol more than 3,000 square miles of frontier, there was little chance the Mexicans would be caught. Four hours later, they started off again. They could make better time traveling in the daylight, although the likelihood of being spotted by the Border Patrol had increased greatly. The morning sun was beginning to peek over the jagged ridges, exposing a nigged merciless beauty that few people see. Francisco, 24, of Oxaca, Oxaco surveyed the surrounding landscape and the next set of mountains they would cross. He had come this way three times before — this was his 14th trip across the border —so he led the way. His partner, Eladio, was a 19-year-old from Jalpan, Queretero. This was his eighth trip across the border. They carried one blanket, a few changes of clothing, four one-gallon plastic water jugs, tortillas and a few cans of refried beans. They broke for a rest every hour ami a half. They were walking very quickly ; they were behind schedule. Francisco hoped to make it to Ajo, still more than 50 miles away, that evening. A ride to Phoenix had been arranged with a “coyote,” a smuggler of illegal aliens. Heading toward a distant mountain range, the trail began to rise above the valley floor. Francisco stopped for a drink of water, cocking his ear anxiously toward the valley floor. “Avion?” (airplane), he asked Eladio. They quick­ ly began searching the sky for what soon turned out to be a small Border Patrol plane. Almost as soon as they spotted it, the plane turned in their direction. There was no time to run and the only place to hide was behind a slender, one-armed sahuaro cactus. Lying down, the only thing they could do, Francisco and Eladio hoped for the best. con tinued page 7 Today New law to cut adm inistrative paper Theater intruder frightens students Pro contracts signed by three ex-Devils Page 3 Page 6 Page 11 & ito Press Wednesday, April 22,1981 hen/s briefs the fro m A s s o c ia te d Press Louis buried among heroes Goldwater Jr. announces campaign for U.S. Senate ARLINGTON, Va. .Joe Louis, a sharecropper's son who shouldered the spirit of black Americans and wore boxing's heavyweight crown a record 12 years, was buried Tuesday among the nation's war heroes a patriot to his son, his president and millions of others whose hearts were captured by the great Brown Bomber To a three-volley salute from seven riflemen of the Old Guard, Louis was laid to rest on a sunny slope of Arlington National Cemetery, barely 500 feet from the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, SACRAMENTO — Charging that Republican S I Hayakawa “has not been an effective and loud enough voice" for Califor­ nia, Rep Barry Goldwater Jr. formally entered the race Tuesday for the 1982 GOP nomination for Hayakawa’s U.S, Senate seat. Goldwater, 42, said at a news con­ ference that the primary difference between himself and Hayakawa, both conservatives on most issues, “are legislative successes” such as the privacy, energy and aviation safety bills Goldwater has authored. Harassment ‘a real problem,’ chief says Rioting continues in Northern Ireland WASHINGTON - The head of the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission said Tuesday that sexual harassment on the job may be deeper and more widespread than his agency knows. "Sexual harassment in the workplace is not a figment of the im­ agination," said acting commissioner J. Clay Smith J r ‘‘It is a real problem." Testi­ fying before a Senate Labor subcommittee, Smith reported on results of guidelines published by the EEOC in November 1980 under which women may file complaints of sexual discrimination. BELFAST, Northern Ireland — Rioting broke out in Northern Ireland for the seventh day Tuesday as Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher refused to make conces­ sions to end the hunger strike by Bobby Sands, the jailed IRA guerrilla and member of Parliament reported ready to lapse into a coma. An estimated 100 young Roman Catholics attacked police and British troops with gasoline bombs and bricks in Lon­ donderry's Bogside quarter and set two mail trucks on fire. There were no immediate reports of casualties. HERPES PROBLEMS? NEW PRODUCT SUPPRESSES VIRUS TOKYO — Government officials are pressuring Japan’s automakers for a 7 per cent voluntary cutback in exports to the United States to stave off protectionist moves in Congress, a respected financial newspaper reported Tuesday. But the auto chiefs were reported by Kyodo News Ser­ vice to be resisting the 1.7 million-vehicle limit, a reduction of 120,000 cars and light trucks from 1980 exports totaling 182 million Kyodo said they favored an agree ment limiting exports to the 1980 level WÂNDCRAFTE0 AMERICAN MADE ATHLETIC FOOTWEAR Sports & Recreation ASU Special 50% Discount 1606 i . Apache, Tempe Anywhere in Arizona lo r % the price of our scenic cruisers BIODYNE PRODUCTS P .O . Bo* 62 Upland, CA 91786 WASHINGTON —President Reagan, lob­ bying members of Congress to vote for his economic program, wound up as an unscheduled telephone guest on a radio talk show Tuesday and assured listeners, "I’m feeling great and getting along just fine " The president, wounded 22 days ago in an assassination attempt, told listeners of sta­ tion WBVP in Beaver Falls, Pa., he was "most grateful for all the good wishes and the prayers that I’ve had and the messages from the people from all over the country. WAUKÍKHISK School Bus Charter »5.99 Per100 Includes shipping or send S .A .S .E .fo r FR EE IN F O R M A T IO N Japan car industry pressured to cut U.S. exports Reagan tells radio listeners he’s ‘feeling great’ 968-9544 AGAN BU SLIN ES 275-8001 CALL FOR IN F O R M A T IO N Maranatha Presents W h a t A r e Y o u D o in g * T o S o lv e T h e W o rld ’s •* P ro b le m s ? I'M bet vou haven't tried the hot-one yet' The most tasty pizza you'll ever sink your teeth into. Our pizzas are professionally made to order and delivered hot, to your door Within 30 minutes We re hot'oh fast free delivery, great pizzas and pleasing you' ill Y our Life Can C hange . . . Today! RICE BROOCKS (pronounced "Brooks") Rice is a man whose life was changed when he found how to live on to p o f life's circumstances . . . n o t under them . N o w , he's tellin g others how th e y can do it to o . •Attended Trinity University, North Texes State University and Mississippi State University. •Graduate in Accounting. • Rice is a popular speaker on university campuses throughout the United States and Canada. 3 0 m in u t e g u a ra n te e If your pizza does not arrive w ithin 30 m inutes, present this coupon to the driver for S1.00 o ff your pizza. 903 S. Rural Road April 2 1 st thru May 5th H oward J o h n so n ’s (A cross from G am m age Auditorium ) W estern F rontier R oom _____ 7:00 p.m . N ightly_____ y. > -• *. '• •.. ’/ N' , Wednesday, April 22, 1981 State Press Page 3 Law slices paperwork for college staff treks B y J u lie M a n n An ASU administrative “paperwork mill,” caused by processing University employee out-of-state travel orders, will be eliminated by a bill signed into law Tuesday by Gov. Bruce Babbitt, ASU’s associate vice president of business affairs said. Bill Phelps said the new law, which becomes effective immediately, is an ad­ ministrative efficiency measure to “save paper shuffling,” by delegating the final authority for out-of-state travel orders from the governor to the university presidents. This change will eliminate approval by the Arizona Department of Administrations on the “voluminous” amount of travel ap plications submitted by the three state universities, Phelps idded “We send an awful lot of travel orders down there (to the Department of Ad­ ministrations) and .hey don’t want to do it either,” he said. Donald Olson, assistant director of finance for the state Department of Ad­ ministrations, said the approval by his of­ fice of university travel orders is “patently ridiculous.” “It’s a tremendously bureaucratic proc­ ess for the small amount of money in the travel budget,” he said. Olson said the new law will save tax­ payers’ money by reducing state employee overtime. “We have to pay someone to go over each claim and take a look at the paperwork,” he said. Of the more than 7,000 orders processed by the state, 2,500 are from ASU, which has a state appropriated out-of-state travel budget of more than $300,000. Phelps said ASU is given control of their annual travel budget after justifying it to the Legislative budget committee. Therefore, he added, involving the state Department of Administration is not a necessary process. Phelps said valid judgements on the ap­ proval of travel orders cannot be made by the Department of Administrations, which “simply rubber-stamps” the applications. Olson agreed and said, “I’m in no position to tell whether a professor should attend a seminar in Houston or not. ” The new law will eliminate one signature from the five to six required and will cut the time it takes for the document to travel from the Department of Administrations back to the universities. Currently ASU’s channels for approval of travel include chairman of the department, dean of the college, the business affairs of­ fice travel desk, the state Department of Ad­ ministrations and then back to the Universi­ ty for final approval. Pianist to tickle ivories at two campus locales A pianist who performs in­ formally for students will spend “A Day on Campus” today at ASU. James Boyk of the Califor­ nia Institute of Technology will perform from 10 a m. to noon at Manzanita Hall and from 12:30 p.m. to 2:30 p.m. in the MU Rendezvous Lounge. The events are free and open to the public. T H E G O O D L IF E A T H A CIE-V D A D E L W O is n r r ig h t FOR YOU? U.S. A R M Y CURRENT AFFAIRS PANEL The Soviet Threat in Poland U.S. Military Role in El Salvador The Draft ... Women Participation Nuclear vs. Conventional APRIL 23, 1981 2:30 p.m. M.U. ARIZONA ROOM Admission is Free Ideas & Issues Committee O 1123 S. RURAL Proudly Presents WILD WEDNESDAY 8:00 - 11:00 WOMEN 8:30 - 11:00 GENTLEMEN HACIENDA DEL RIO IS IN THE RIGHT PLACE, located at 2nd S tre et and Hardy in T e m p e . Close to A.S.Ci. and w ith easy access to both the S u p erstitio n and 1-10 Freew ays. WITH ALL THE RIGHT FEATURES, 2 b ed ro o m , 1 Vi bath c o n d o m in iu m s w ith covered carp o rt, large b alco n y, carp etin g , w ired for cable T V and a ll-e le c tric kitch en w ith dishw asher, disposer, range and oven. Surrou n d ed w ith luxurious landscaping. Even 2 s w im m in g pools! AND, ALL AT THE RIGHT PRICE! A ll the advantages o f ow nership can be yours at H acienda D el Rio, an invest­ HAOENOAj m e n t that w ill ap­ DEL RIO V p re c ia te in th e ASU yea rs to com e. Priced fro m the H igh $ 5 0 ’s. HACIENDA DEL RIO 967-0362 StiPERSTmON FREEWAI Courtesy to Brokers Models open 10 OO a.m. to dusk daily HURSTCOKSTRUCTONMC. Affordable homes with no com prom ise on quality. LADIES BETWEEN 8-8:30 ONLY $1 .9 5 All the Beer, Booze, or Wine You Can: Nurse. Sip . . Drink . . . Slurp . . . . C h u g ......... G uzzle............. Shoot In h ale................ or Swim I n ...................? ONLY Z . D l ) EVERYONE GETS A Vi PRICE COUPON O N A BURGER! Page 4 State Press Wednesday, April 22, 1981 • The difference between the men and the boys in politics is, and always has been, that the boy3 want to be something, while the men want to do something. — Eric Sevareid » 'I wanna play my way' Chris D'Adamo, the proposal calls for the Court to “be given a new name which suggests its proper authority and limita­ tions.” Our disgruntled children want to rename the Court "Judiciary Committee.’’ The other change begged for is that the Court only have ad­ Dan Pingafton visory power when ruling on matters related to state or federal law. WHY DOES D’ADAMO want the rules changed? opinion editor “I feel the Supreme Court has gone overboard,” he said. The Court’s abolishment of the campaign spending limits The other day, Chrissy and Tommy were playing a game. was the catalyst for bringing the proposal, D’Adamo added. Current Executive Vice President Bob Mulhero and It started out being a lot of fun, but it soon became so impor­ Senator Matthew Scully are also strong backers of the pro­ tant to each child that they both desperately wanted to win. Well, Tommy won. And boy, was Chrissy mad. Chrissy was posal. These kiddies are still whimpering over the Court’s so mad that he decided to change the rules of the game so he decision declaring the Executive Committee’s ban of X-rated films unconstitutional. could win. When Tommy found out, he got really mad too. IT’S TOO BAD D’Adamo had to lower himself to such sorry Now both kids are mad at each other, and all they do is fight about the rules of the game. The don’t go exploring practices before even assuming office. Some had hoped that down by the river anymore, they don’t build treehouses, they ASASU was on the upswing, but now it looks like the fun has don’t even chase Denise around the playground any longer. only begun. What D’Adamo and “our gang” fail to realize is that the Everyone in the neighborhood is very sad. ON THE AGENDA for yesterday’s ASASU Senate meeting proposal, even if it gets by President Tom Ajamie’s veto, was Proposal 65, calling for a drastic change (elimination) of won't be worth its weight in mud. By renaming the “Supreme Court’ to the “Judiciary Com­ the ASASU Supreme Court. Introduced by Senator and Executive Vice President-elect mittee,” the proposal would change the ASASU Constitution. Any constitutional changes require a majority of a student body vote, which D’Adamo & Co. have no intention of doing. Sorry Christopher, your attempt at changing the rules just won't work. BESIDES CREATING EVEN MORE dissension in an already bitterly divided office, the proposal is another at­ tempt at confusing the issues in hopes of ramrodding some unpopular idea into actuality. “They confuse something so well that nobody can see what’s happening,” Ajamie said. “They want to undermine the student government for their own selfish reasons. “They’re a bunch of sneaky, undermining rats. They don’t have the guts to go through the proper procedure for change,” he added. “I think they’re crazy.” It’s easy to see that all’s not well at ASASU. AS SUPREME COURT Chief Justice Mike Hall noted, the ASASU Constitution gives the Court power to interpret that constitution. Should the Court interpret that by using, for in­ stance, the logic of the U.S. Constitution, so be it — they are well within their jurisdiction. All of this fussing by sore losers can only further the dis­ dain held for ASASU by an increasing number of students, which is an unfair slap in the face for those really gifted to work in the offices. Oh well, boys will be boys. letters — Hey Law Admissions thanks for nothing Editor: This letter is dedicated to the ASU College of Law and all those people who make it such a swell place to be. On Friday, April 17, I was turned down for admission to ASU’s College of Law. Why? I have no idea. The cold form letter I received doesn’t give me a clue. “ . . . the selection of students had to be made on the basis of admission credentials and the prospect for successful law study.” I have a good GPA (3.60), above average LSAT score (557) and even residency but I still couldn’t get in. Maybe it’s because I’m not a frat boy. Maybe I’m too white or too male. Maybe it’s a comment on the undergraduate program here and how much impor­ tance the other colleges give to programs in other col­ leges at their own school. The real discouraging thing is that after all that work, after finally doing the impossible and actually establishing residency, I have to pick up all my ties to Arizona; good friends, a place to live, etc., and go elsewhere. I wanted to go to ASU. 1 never considered going anywhere else although I ap­ plied to other schools. I was counting on it. I just hope that maybe some of the admissions per­ sonnel can have four years of hard work, their goals and their futures dashed away by a three paragraph form let­ ter. I’d like to stand atop “A” butte and scream something but then no one would prob­ ably hear. So instead, I’ll put it down here as my last comment to the administra­ tion of ASU in general and to the law college specifically : Go to hell. Rich Palmay Senior Journalism Homosexuals are Sun Devils, too STATE PRESS TRICIA REESON Editor ELLEN HAGGERTY Managing Editor City Editors PAT O ’CONNELL. VIVIAN WARNER Sports Editor PETE PRISCO Asst. Sports Editor JEFF FRIES News Editor BECKY NOTHNAGEL Diversions Editor ANDY COHEN Photo Editor MIKE FIORITTO Copy Chief PETER RUSSELL Opinion Page Editor DAN PINGELTON The State Press is published Tuesday through Friday during the academic year except holidays and exam periods, at Matthews Center, Room 15, Arizona State University, Tempe. A2 85281 Newsroom: 966-2292. Advertis­ ing A Production: 965-7572. The State Press is the only newspaper exclusively published for and cir* culated on the ASU campus. The news and views published in this newspaper are not necessarily those of the ASU administration, faculty, staff or student body. Editor: Gay Academic Union is proud to announce that Gay Pride Week — ASU '81 is in full swing and is a complete success. At this time I will give a brief history of pride week and an in­ dividual statement of its purpose. On Saturday, June 2, 1961, Phoenix will hold its first gay pride march, scheduled in accordance with National Gay Pride Week, commemorating the 1967 Stonewall Riots in New York. Here, the gay community first stood up for its rights and rebelled against straight and police harassment. Gay Blue Jeans Day itself originated at a Pennsylvania college in the early ’70s and has since escalated into a na­ tionally coordinated event in which colleges and universities across the nation participate. It is a day in which an invisible minority makes itself visible to make people aware of the gays’ fight to achieve basic human rights. So why blue jeans? Blue jeans were chosen, yes, because everybody wears blue jeans. The logic behind this choice is, that for one day, the hatred and humiliation you may be feel­ ing for wearing blue jeans may open your mind to see the in­ justice that someone who is gay is forced to face each and every day. And for what? For loving an individual who just happens to be of the same sex. Wearing blue jeans obviously doesn’t mean that you’re gay. If worn intentionally, blue jeans will signify support. With the political climate of Arizona being as stagnantly conservative as it is, it takes a lot of guts to stand up and say — YES, I AM GAY! A university campus should welcome controversial diversities that challenge individual minds. GAU attempts to do just that. The focus of the gay movement is not to recruit, but to educate — to enhance awareness to a level of understanding, with understanding yielding accep­ tance. In a country soon to be run by a power so great as the moral majority, who because of socially conditioned prejudice allienate the homosexual thus hindering he or she from reaching their full potential, who view the homosexual as a second class citizen thus denying he or she equal rights — rights “guaranteed” to each and every individual by the United States of America, who further promote injustice by advocating such moral activities as “queer-bashings,” is there really a need to question why gay pride week? We urge your support. Kirk Baxter President Gay Academic Union Wednesday, April 22,1981 State Press Page 5 New Waves By Gary Markstein J S J Complete M OTORCYCLE SERVICE Located 1A Mile from ASU 1862 E. U niversity Tempe • 968-7295 • „ ■ ................ — University I FREE Oil & Filter with Tune>Up & This Ad! ASU STUDENT SPECIAL SOPHOMORES and JUNIORS 10’ X 20’ ;$~ioospecialI $20,000 SCHOLARSHIPS . . . 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Central Ave. Phoenix, AZ 85004 NAVY O m C E R S -G C T RESPOnSIBIUTY FAST j ^ • Resident M anager . Gates Open 7 Days a W eek • Fenced and Lighted 409 S. HAYDEN RD. 966-5722 1 1 TO N IG H T and EVERY W EDNESDAY DRINK TILL Y A D R O P " NI9 All the WELL Liquor, DRAFT Beer & WINE you can drink ALL NIGHT LONG!! MEN $4.00 WOMEN $2.00 THURSDAY N IG H T NO COVER FRIDAY N IG H T LADIES N IG H T LADIES - No Cover SCHLITZ LONGNECK 50c 1216 E. Apache, Tempe Page 6 State Press Wednesday, April 22,1981 Phantom vandal performs role on empty stage at Payne Lab By Laura Stahl A theater phantom has struck Payne Laboratory and now students are con­ cerned someone is “out to get” them. T h e a te r m ajor Jon Ewaniuk said people work­ ing on props and rehearsals for the upcoming production of “Once Upon a Mattress” are shook up because they found makeup, costumes and props in total disarray Saturday morning. Patricia Snoyer, director of the play, said costumes were stolen or strewn around the control room. The locks on the makeup cabinets had been pried off and makeup was left in other rooms. “ I think someone broke in, got all made up and literally acted out a silent part,” Snoyer said. She said the intruder had rearranged the setting by putting red and blue plastic over the lights and hanging material up behind a throne to make it look like a stage within a stage. A box of votive candles (candles used in a ritual) also were found on stage. Lt. Thomas Godbehere from University Police said police have looked into the matter but have no suspects. He said they are tightening up security and checking the building regularly every evening. According to the police report, the intruder entered through a window left open Friday night. Ewaniuk said clown-white makeup was smeared on the light control panel. “Whoever did this had put on full stage makeup,” he said. 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Forest»967-8747»Monday thru Saturday 10 till 6 (Thursday till 9)»1 Block North of ASU Wednesday, April 22, 1981 State Press Page 7 They too were surely dreaming of the day when they would be old enough to travel to the United States ik t Story continues fw rt page X Flying slowly, the plane pass­ ed no more than 50 feet directly overhead. It didn’t circle but continued flying along its route. Speaking quickly and wor­ riedly in Spanish, the only language most illegal im­ migrants know, Eladio asked, “Did he see us?” “No, don’t worry,” Francisco answered. Soon they were walk­ ing faster than ever. Tension filled the quiet air as both scanned the sky nervously for the small plane. Frequently, they would stop and listen. The sound of the wind often was mistaken for the droning of a faraway plane. “If a helicopter doesn’t come in an hour, we are safe,” Fran­ cisco added reassuringly. If Eladio and Francisco make it to Phoenix, they will become two more of the more than 3 million illegal aliens already living and working in the United States. They and their fellow Mexican nationals have come because of extreme poverty and unem ploym ent in th e ir homeland. The bulk of these immigrants come from the frontier states and the central states of Guana­ juato, Jalisco, Michoacan, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas. Resembling a quaint picture postcard at first glance, Ahuacatlan, Queretaro sits deep in a narrow valley high in the Sierra Madre Orientals, five hours along# winding mountain road from Mexico City. Spiritually and geographical­ ly centered in the village of ap­ proximately 2,500, the crumbl­ ing steeple mi the weathered Catholic mission rises above all other buildings. But looking closer, the postcard image quickly fades and Ahuacatlan’s problems come to light. Many of the villagers live in grass huts. Few houses have electricity, and none have run­ ning water. Ahuacatlan’s children can get a sixth grade education in the village school, if they don’t drop out to work, as many do. They share a dream of com­ ing to the United States. They listen intently to the tales of money and adventure told by those who return every spring from the Land in the North. Currently more than 200 of Ahuacatlan’s sons, brothers, fathers and husbands are work­ ing in the United States. During the height of the citrus season — N ovem ber through la te January —■more than one-fifth of the village population work in the United States. Resembling a quaint picture postcard Slowly and with much effort, Don Bernabe Garay guided his oxen-drawn, hand-carved plow through his small corn field. The Garays are one of the luckier families in Ahuacatlan, they have a small truck pur­ chased with money earned in the United States. They have lived in their cinder block “mountain villa” since Don Bernabe built it with his own hands 30 years ago. Their three plots, less than a quarter acre each, are more rock than soil. The yields are poor. Don Bernabe can plow only a third of his field because the mountain side is too steep for his plow bulls. The remainder of the soil must be tinned with hand tools. It takes the Don and his four sons at least three days to work what little dirt there is in the field. Modern agriculture has not reached most of the peasant fanners in Mexico. These men raise their crops not for market, but mainly as part of their food supply for the coming year — or for as many months as It will last. Fertilization, crop rotation and terracing techniques com­ mon to agriculture in many parts of the world are rarely used by these farmers, and soil exhaustion is one of their major problems. Bernabe can only use a field for four years before the soil becomes useless and is aban­ doned. Then he must clear dense brush and trees from another part of the mountain. Bernabe plants his crops in June and harvests when his sons return in January from the U.S. citrus harvest. This fall, as he has for the past 32 years, 54-year-old Don Bernabe will cross the border il­ legally to work on a Phoenixarea citrus ranch for a few months. “I come to the United States because I must,” he said. “The corn harvest is very poor.” Don Bernabe has made 40 il­ legal crossings into the United States so he can afford to feed his family. Three of his sons also cross with-hirh. “And I will cross this year and next year and next,” he said. “I m u st” In November, he will make the 1,800-mile, $80 bus trip to one of the many border towns such as Sonorità, where Eladio and Francisco started. The towns serve as jumpingoff points where the workers make the necessary ar- rangements to get into this country. It can cost another $30 to $50 for a ride to the border. At these prices, he cannot afford to be caught. While in Sonorita, he will make arrangements for a “coyote” to pick him up and take him to Phoenix. The ride usually costs between $100 and $150 and is not always a sure thing. Many of the “coyotes” take the workers money and leave them stranded in the desert. Last July 13 El Salvadoreans were abandoned without water the postcard image quickly fades continued page 8 y continued from peg* 7 . E/adio Gonzales-Gonzales and his friend Francisco Miguel Gaspar . . . ” by their Mexican guides and left in the desert to die. Twenty minutes after Fran­ cisco mentioned the helicopter, he and Eladio were still scan­ ning the sky. They were watch­ ing the horizon ahead also —■ “For horses,” Eladio said. The ground was too rough for a jeep, so Border Patrol agents travel on horseback. Climbing to the top of a hill, Francisco came to a sudden halt and crouched with Eladio below a small shrub. They began talking of men and horses. Francisco had seen something — it was hard to tell what he saw, it was still some distance away. Quite possibly it was another group of border crossers; they had been following fresh foot­ prints for several hours. Just in case it was the Border Patrol, Francisco pulled a small piece of paper from the depths of his pocket. It con­ tained the telephone number of . a rugged merciless beauty that few people see . . . ÉÉipI ■mm his connection in the underground smuggling net­ work. He memorized it, then destroyed the paper. They began walking slower and stuck to the valley bottom whenever possible. The moun­ tain walls rose steeply on both sides. They could only go for­ ward ; they would not go back. As they worked their way toward the object, it became ap­ parent it was only a dead bush and several rocks. They breathed a deep sigh of relief. An hour had passed since they had seen the plane and there had been no sign of the Border Patrol. They had passed successfully the half-way point of their trip. Eladio and Francisco were following a pattern of migratimi more than 125 years old. During the 1890’s, when the newly annexed southwestern territory started to feel the ef­ fects of the industrial r e v o lu tio n , l a r g e numbers of Mexicans began coming to the United States. The Southwest was re­ quiring more and more labor to extract and refine raw materials and build the railroads to transport these prod­ ucts to the growing fac­ tories in the East. To meet this expand­ ing d e m a n d , th e United States turned to Mexico. Steady waves of immigrant workers have been coming ever since. According to ASU history pro­ fessor Francisco Arturo Rosales, the main reason for the current influx of un­ documented workers is Mex­ ico’s economic dependence on trade with the U.S. Rosales, who did his doctoral dissertation on early 1900 Mex­ ican immigration, said Mex­ ico’s economy has not grown quickly enough to keep up with its population of 70 million. "Not because 70 million is too many — that’s a matter of definition — but because Mex­ ico can’t support 70 million,” he said. When the Spainards invaded Mexico in 1519, more than 25 million people were being sup­ ported by its primitive economic system. But currently, large interna­ tional debts require Mexico to export most of what it produces and turn from agriculture to in­ dustry, Rosales said. “Even with oil,” he added, “Mexico will have to find dif­ ferent ways to pay off its debts.” He said Mexico is investing in exports that will make fast, big profits, which usually means transferring resources from agriculture to industrialized production. But Rosales added more in­ ports u local 1 found j but as I manye An e) and a g: in the 1 flux of cording an ecor Mexico legal in Cauj econorr are the and for meet. Bute United They had become illegal aliens the dustrialization means more farm jobs are lost, and subsequently more unemploy­ ment. Demodernization, or a return to an agriculturally based economy, was used by China to provide jobs for her populace after the 1948 communist revolution. But Mexico’s debt has made it impossible for her to try this method, Rosales said. At the turn of the century, the U.S. railroads expanded and brought modern goods to Mex­ ico, Rosales said. Rural Mexicans then began to migrate to jobs where they could be paid in cash, which was needed to purchase the im- have Patrol, snakes worker problen Accoi worker Aronow ddcume United rights t titled t< eluded 1 Illegc exclude some t Aronow But t tection and sei they were walking very q # Wednesday, April 22,1981 State Press Page 9 ports unavailable through their process and the right to per­ local barter system. Many sonal freedom. “It’s getting those rights en found jobs with the railroads, but as the migration expanded, forced that is a problem,” Aronow said. itema- many came across the border. Arrested workers are held on An excess of labor in Mexico icico to oduces and a growing demand for labor bonds usually ranging from e to in- in the U.S. has created the in­ $1,000 to $2,000. The bond, flux of illegal immigrants, ac­ Aronow said, is intended to keep added, cording to Juan Diez-Canedo, the worker in jail until he is nd dif- an economist with the Banco de deported. When arrested, the illegal jff its Mexico who is researching il­ may choose between “volun­ legal immigration. C aught b e tw e e n th e tary departure” and a court iting in ist, big economies of the two countries review, which may take several means are the workers moving back m onths and o ffers no from and forth trying to make ends guarantees. Almost without ex­ ception, the workers choose to ialized meet. But even after arriving in the leave. Every year between 36,000 are in- United States, providing they and 40,000 illegal aliens are deported from Arizona (excluding Yuma County), accord­ ing to Edwin Barnette, deputy chief of the Tuc­ son Border Patrol. They are dropped off in Nogales, Mexico, where they almost im­ mediately begin plan­ ning their way back to the states. Even though they are in this country illegally, it is legal to hire the Mexican migrants. It is illegal to transport or harbor them. So the workers usual­ ly will not stay in the bunkhouses that some growers provide. The Border Patrol has made a habit of raiding these dwellings. e illegal aliens the moment they . Most choose to stay in the fields, sleeping more have escaped the Border under the trees on pieces of and Patrol, the “coyotes,” the cardboard, old mattresses, or mpioy- snakes and the desert heat, the the ground. Lacking fresh water sources, workers still face many some workers drink from the ir­ return problems. based According to Arizona Farm- rigation canals. They also cook, hina to workers Union lawyer Victor bathe and wash their clothes in pulace Aronow, “Basically the un- the dirty, often polluted water. Some canals are con­ nunist documented worker in the taminated with pesticides. s debt United States is entitled to all for her rights that U.S. citizens are en- Chemicals such as DBCP (Dibromochloropropane) have !s said, titled to, unless specifically exbeen found in some water sup­ ry, the eluded by statute or law. ” d and Illegal aliens are specifically plies. (DBCP was banned in 1979 after it was found to cause a Mex- excluded from food stamps and some types of public housing, cancer in laboratory animals and infertility in humans. ) ;gan to Aronow said. According to the Arizona » they But their rights include proFarmworkers Union, several of which tection from illegal searches its members have witnessed the im- and seizures, the right of due han 25 >g supmitive re walking very quickly . . “ . . . Francisco surveyed the surrounding landscape and the next set of mountains they would cross dumping of pesticides into the canals, a violation of state law. Union President Lupe San­ chez said more than 1,000 workers at the Ralph Bodine ranch in Glendale were exposed toDBCP. When six wells at the Bodine ranch were tested last year, three were contaminated with DBCP. Union leaders believe several union members are suf­ fering from DBCP contamina­ tion. But these workers face dif­ ficulties getting tested by the U.S. government because of their illegal status. Pesticides are not the only health hazards, the fruit picking itself can be quite dangerous. Climbing on 15-foot ladders with 50 to 60 pounds of fruit in their bags, the workers often must lean or reach far to get every fruit visible to the foremen below. Falling from the ladders in­ jures many workers every year. Don Bernabe fell from a ladder five years ago and broke several ribs. Unable to work, he returned early to Ahuacatlan. Falls are not the only cause of injury. One illegal alien, Augurio Tavera, was allegedly shot last year by a Florida foreman with whom he had been arguing. Tavera managed to get a ride to the border, where he boarded a bus for the 600 mile ride to Jalpan, Queretaro. The bus did not go to his village ; he had to walk several hours, wounded, before he sought medical atten­ tion. Augurio now works in Idaho. This time he is in the United States legally, pending his testimony in a trial against a Florida labor contractor. Afraid they will lose their jobs or be told not to work, the workers do not seek medical at­ tention except in extreme cases. Some eventually end up in an emergency room. But without documentation papers or something identifying them as U.S citizens, they are turned away from some local hospitals. When a worker is in­ jured severely, his fellow workers often take up a collec­ tion and send him to a small clinic. Even though the workers fight a seemingly endless battle to keep their families afloat, there is a spark of hope on the horizon. A farm labor union began fighting for their rights and pushing for their advance­ ment four years ago. The Arizona Farm Workers union is run by both illegal migrants and legal U.S. farm­ workers. Don Bernabe sits on the AFW Executive Council. Originally started as the Maricopa County Organizing Project (MCOP) in 1977, the AFW was founded in 1979 as an offshoot of the national United Farmworkers Union. MCOP and UFW parted com­ pany in 1977 because of dif­ ferences of opinion. “They (the UFW) were a g a in s t org an izin g un­ documented workers,” said AFW President Lupe Sanchez. “ (UFW President Ceasar) Chavez also wanted all the money raised in Arizona to go to California. Arizona money should stay in Arizona.” Sanchez, a naturalized U.S. citizen and son of migrant laborers, came to the United States when 1» was 10. He worked in the fields until he was recruited to become an organizer for the UFW. Getting the MCOP off the ground was no easy task for Sanchez. In its first year, MCOP had 50 members, workers who took the message of unionization to their villages in Mexico. Most of those members now are organizing for farm labor unions in other states that have a large number of un­ documented workers, mainly California, Florida and Texas. As membership in the union grew, the workers began demanding higher pay and bet­ ter working conditions from their employers. a brief rest only every hour and a h a lf. . . e lotos byLars Jones continued page 10 continued from page 9 At first they met with little success. Little, that is, until they organized themselves in Mexico before arriving for the harvest. They decided to strike a Glen­ dale, Ariz. citrus ranch at the beginning of the 1978 season. The ranch, part of Goldmar Corporation, is owned in part by Goldmar President Art Martori and Robert Goldwater, brother of Sen. Barry Goldwater (RAriz.). During the strike, hundreds of strikers were arrested and deported to the Mexican side of Nogales, Ariz. They walked two or three days back to the picket line. According to Sanchez, who was arrested 14 times during the stike, there were never less than 250 workers on the picket line. The AFW made it almost im­ possible for smugglers to bring in strike-breakers. When union members came across the border, they turned over all in­ formation they had about the coyotes to the AFW. The coyotes were told if they brought any strike-breakers to the ranch, they would be ex­ posed to the Border Patrol and the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. “We had them (the coyotes) calling us and asking which farms we were striking,” San­ chez said. After a 27-day stike, the ranch gave in and signed a contract with the workers. AFW strikes also won con­ tracts with Sunny Valley Citrus and Anthony Brokerage Farms in Glendale. The contracts have more than doubled the workers’ pay at those ranches. The average wage was raised from $10 to $15 a day to a minimum of $30. In a healthy field, a good worker can sometimes earn $40-$50 a day. The major points AFW has pursued in contractual negotia­ tions have been an annual 10 percent raise and the power to negotiate wages every year, methods for arbitration and air­ ing grievances, health in­ surance, pesticide control, harvest equipment, an educa­ tion fund and an economic fund. The contracts have estab­ lished the Economic Develop­ ment Fund to help the residents of small Mexican villages like Ahuacatlan become selfsufficent. “Our eventual goal is to have all the workers owning their own farms (in Mexico),” San­ chez said. Most workers are farmers who lack the resources to pro­ vide for their families, Sanchez said. They must come to the United States to make ends meet. “This is their only solu­ tion for economic develop­ ment,” he added. The EDF is one step on the way to independence for the workers. “ The fund was created so that the workers won’t have to come here year after year,” Sanchez said. The three ranches under AFW contracts pay 10 cents per worker per hour into the fund. Last year, more than $40,000 was paid and divided among three Mexican villages. One of those was Ahuacatlan. Ahuacatlan plans to let its share of the money, $15*000, draw interest in a bank account until the villagers decide how to spend it. An agricultural expert is be­ ing hired by one of the other EDF recipients. The third village plans to establish a fer­ tilizer cooperative. Now with more than 10,000 members on its books, the AFW has become the recognized voice of the undocumented worker. “When we began three and a half year ago, we had $1,500 and couldn’t even pay rent. Now we are a $500,000 project with six corporations,” Sanchez said. The AFW is the only union that has been successful in organizing undocumented workers, of whom 99 percent re­ main unorganized, according to Sanchqz. “The most important thing is when you can see men talking with the grower,” he said. “It’s like the plantation owner get­ ting down off his horse and talk­ ing to the slaves. And the slaves can say, ‘lode mother... ’ and the grower listens. It’s the fact that the workers can sit down and negotiate with him.” Eladioand Francisco made it across the desert to Aj, where they caught a ride to Phoenix. Employed by a citrus ranch, their combined earnings totaled less than $150 during their first five weeks. " . . . Francisco is working in the Valley’s flower industry . . . They have not had to sleep in the fields. They have been housed in a small three-room shack with six beds. They share the house and beds with right co-workers. They plan to stay in the U.S. until the end of next winter’s citrus harvest. “If the Border Patrol lets us,” Francisco said. They have had one close call the U.S. agents so far. Two weeks ago, immigration of­ ficials came to the field where Francisco and Eladio were picking oranges. But the two men ran into the trees and weren’t discovered. The INS agents had to be satisfied with the (me illegal they “ pescaron” (fished) from the groves that day. He is probably back working in the Valley by now. Deporta­ tion is only a small hurdle for a man with a hungry family. At the time of publication, Francisco and Eladio were still in the United States. Francisco is working in the Valley’s flower industry, earning $190 for a sixday work week. Eladio has left with several other illegal aliens for Idaho. — Ed. the yields are poor. .. Mexico city Wednesday, April 22,1981 State Press Page 11 M EN TA L ALERTNESS PILLS DEER CREEK SANDALS AND LEATHER GOODS 3 ASU gridders sign pro papers By Kevin Widlic Three ex-ASU football players signed professional contracts for the upcoming season, according to Sports D ynam ics a g e n t Phil Hirohata. Linebacker Gary Padjen and offensive lineman Steve Chambers signed with clubs in the National Football League while linebacker Ricky Washington came to terms with the Saskatchewan Rough Riders of the Canadian Football League. “All three have great opportunities because all three * custom fit m occasins i t purses * belts A w allets a travel bags A garm ents a custom sandals 24 styles made for your feet. - 25% O ff - - V itam ins 425 S. Mill Ave. 5th & Mill Next to Universal Travel 842-0469 966-4042 teams they signed with are rebuilding," Hirohata said, “Gary just came back from a mini-camp where he stuck out like a sore thumb.” Padjen, who lettered at ASU from 1976-79, signed with the Washington Redskins despite offers from four other NFL clubs. Drafted last year by the Dallas Cowboys, Padjen lasted until the final cut before being let go. “My best opportunity is with Washington,” Padjen *JS sleep aids «dietary supplements B&B DISTRIBUTORS 5702 N .W . Grand Ave. Noon - 8 p .m . M on.-Thurs. Noon - 12 a.m . Fri.-Sat. Attn: December ’81 BSN Grads... ... the Air Force is announcing an all new nurse internship program for qualified graduates. continued page 14 Call today for details. CONTACT: MSGT. Bill C asselbury USAT N urse Recruiting Office 2020 S. Mill, Suite 1 13 TEMPE 261-4971 æ j ï ïh Staff photo by Mike Fioritto A g re a t w ay o f life. G ary P adjen Graduates and Mothers alike, de serve the best. 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