WEBVTT 00:00:03.240 --> 00:00:05.240 mm hmm. 00:00:13.800 --> 00:00:19.037 When I'm asked why you're doing this, I'm saying that the reasons of 00:00:19.070 --> 00:00:23.877 population control, the ability to serve more population, the reasons of 00:00:23.910 --> 00:00:28.267 waste of land, the reason of waste in general, reason of pollutions and so 00:00:28.300 --> 00:00:33.037 on are only tangential reasons. You know what? I don't advocate this 00:00:33.070 --> 00:00:36.067 because they are going to solve those problems that they would solve those 00:00:36.100 --> 00:00:41.487 problems. I'm advocating this because I believe that the the urban man is 00:00:41.520 --> 00:00:45.336 the man of the future. The natural man of today is not the cave dweller or 00:00:45.369 --> 00:00:49.747 the or the or the country man or the cowboy or the farmer, the city 00:00:49.780 --> 00:00:54.726 dweller. If it is the city dweller, we better prepare that kind of device 00:00:54.759 --> 00:01:02.759 that that kind of topography that is going to serve the city dweller, 00:01:12.939 --> 00:01:18.717 paolo Soleri italian born architect who now makes Arizona his home. The 00:01:18.750 --> 00:01:24.607 topography he proposes. He calls our ecology architecture plus ecology. 00:01:24.640 --> 00:01:29.247 Cities that are built up, not out that are dense, not sprawling, That are 00:01:29.280 --> 00:01:34.057 three dimensional all man city based needs and tools in close proximity 00:01:34.090 --> 00:01:38.917 and harmony. 20 minutes to go anywhere without cars and all around the 00:01:38.950 --> 00:01:43.376 city. The variety and immensity of nature. But for Solari, the archaeology 00:01:43.409 --> 00:01:47.426 is not just a better plumbing. It is the expression of what he sees as a 00:01:47.459 --> 00:01:52.126 basic law of life, living entities becoming steadily more complex and 00:01:52.159 --> 00:01:57.936 dance more life activity in less time and space. By this rule man is 00:01:57.969 --> 00:02:02.376 evolving the super organism society. Archaeology is a phase in the 00:02:02.409 --> 00:02:07.647 development of this organisms new environment in the process of studying 00:02:07.680 --> 00:02:11.587 your work. Mr salary, I've noticed two important concepts that of 00:02:11.620 --> 00:02:15.897 miniaturization and complex ification. Would you elaborate on these, 00:02:15.930 --> 00:02:18.506 please? 00:02:18.539 --> 00:02:25.066 I think that if I ever somehow I'm feeling that I am doing something very 00:02:25.099 --> 00:02:31.557 important is because I believe in those two points. Which means that I see 00:02:31.590 --> 00:02:36.017 that life has been small developing not myself. I mean this has been 00:02:36.050 --> 00:02:40.467 established by other people more interested than I am, that life moves 00:02:40.500 --> 00:02:47.517 from the simple to the complex and once this is accepted, then we see that 00:02:47.550 --> 00:02:52.036 this motion is automatically also a motion from the scattered from the 00:02:52.069 --> 00:02:58.397 scattered to the gathered. Which means life is really an implosive process 00:02:58.430 --> 00:03:04.807 is not an explosive process. And the specific characteristic of man is 00:03:04.840 --> 00:03:08.436 that he is is the creature that is going to be able to through this 00:03:08.469 --> 00:03:13.376 implosion too, in a way explode mentally. Which means that he's going to 00:03:13.409 --> 00:03:19.267 become greater in its creative power just because it has been able to 00:03:19.300 --> 00:03:25.106 somehow become so greatly imploded instrumentally. And this is why I think 00:03:25.139 --> 00:03:29.506 the city, which is one of the greatest instruments we ever invented life 00:03:29.539 --> 00:03:34.106 ever invented. It has to be this implosive kind of phenomena so that the 00:03:34.139 --> 00:03:39.696 individuals and the society are going to be able to really literally 00:03:39.729 --> 00:03:41.807 mentally 00:03:41.840 --> 00:03:49.840 reach beyond any physical obstacle and beyond any physical boundaries just 00:03:50.590 --> 00:03:54.427 because of this fantastic discipline that we were able to put to our 00:03:54.460 --> 00:03:59.617 instruments, our instrumentalities. The city included. I agree with you 00:03:59.650 --> 00:04:06.066 strongly about miniaturization and our our techniques are so clumsy when 00:04:06.099 --> 00:04:10.737 we start anything new. I mean, the radio sets in the beginning of this 00:04:10.770 --> 00:04:15.677 century there great vacuum tubes, you could warm your hands by and now 00:04:15.710 --> 00:04:19.637 we're down to these well, the works or radio set today, you can't see with 00:04:19.670 --> 00:04:24.337 the naked eyes, only the loudspeaker that's still visible. And maybe one 00:04:24.370 --> 00:04:28.007 day I'll miniaturize that out of sight. 00:04:28.040 --> 00:04:32.127 Where life has miniaturized other sites so many things. Our brain is a is 00:04:32.160 --> 00:04:35.786 a fantastic machine, which by the way, should we miniaturize men Many 00:04:35.819 --> 00:04:39.416 years ago, somebody wrote a science fiction story called minimum man 00:04:39.449 --> 00:04:42.046 suggesting one of the problems, one of the ways of solving our problems of 00:04:42.079 --> 00:04:45.856 overcrowding problems to make men about this big. You see, Oh, I'm I'm I'm 00:04:45.889 --> 00:04:50.137 advocating that maybe not that big, but certainly it's a little smaller 00:04:50.170 --> 00:04:54.796 than what we are now because our brains because but we don't have to, I 00:04:54.829 --> 00:04:59.176 guess, well, would be rather disproportionate if we if our heads remain 00:04:59.209 --> 00:05:04.116 the same size or but instead of being 6.5 ft or seven that we are becoming. 00:05:04.149 --> 00:05:08.377 Now, let's let's stay in five or four and 00:05:08.410 --> 00:05:13.337 think of the advantages. I mean, we we explored the size of the earth. We 00:05:13.370 --> 00:05:16.666 solve many of the logistical problems, the problem of space, of the 00:05:16.699 --> 00:05:22.116 structure of weight and we are complicating our lives by becoming bigger. 00:05:22.149 --> 00:05:26.587 Remember the dinosaurs? It's really a biological explosion in two ways 00:05:26.620 --> 00:05:31.166 we're exploring by number that we're exploring by by size. 00:05:31.199 --> 00:05:35.217 It is not surprising that salary a thoroughly modern man whose vision 00:05:35.250 --> 00:05:40.036 represents an advanced edge of futuristic urban planning is himself a 00:05:40.069 --> 00:05:45.106 strikingly down to earth person who prefers a simple, even spartan life. 00:05:45.139 --> 00:05:49.077 He believes in the city, but he works in the desert When he first came to 00:05:49.110 --> 00:05:53.726 America in 1946. It was to this landscape to study under frank Lloyd 00:05:53.759 --> 00:05:59.767 wright, who he says was anti city, an american pioneer type, who can't 00:05:59.800 --> 00:06:03.926 accept the discipline that urban man has to accept. This discipline is 00:06:03.959 --> 00:06:08.697 based on what salary calls congruence. Harmony of man with nature on the 00:06:08.730 --> 00:06:13.387 broadest scale, ignorance of the rule of congruence leads to short term 00:06:13.420 --> 00:06:18.426 opulence in a despoiled world acceptance of congruence is acceptance of 00:06:18.459 --> 00:06:23.377 nature's longer timescale. Congruence Presupposes that man might have to 00:06:23.410 --> 00:06:28.067 give up some things that less material things will confirm more living 00:06:28.100 --> 00:06:32.786 values for man. Well, I think that many things are commodities to us now 00:06:32.819 --> 00:06:38.406 are demonstrating themselves as not ecologically feasible and acceptable. 00:06:38.439 --> 00:06:43.707 So we have to find a congruence between ourselves and nature. And then 00:06:43.740 --> 00:06:49.507 within this congruence we can we can start to develop our beneficial 00:06:49.540 --> 00:06:54.796 environment. So it might be that opulence as to go because opulence, it's 00:06:54.829 --> 00:07:01.887 in a way anti life opulence is a state, it's not in a way a process of 00:07:01.920 --> 00:07:08.697 becoming. So we have to move from from a state which is a dead end 00:07:08.730 --> 00:07:16.730 to a much more dynamic and in a way through condition we're in life can 00:07:18.110 --> 00:07:23.116 start to move again. The Arizona landscape probably had something to do 00:07:23.149 --> 00:07:29.767 with how I developed my ideas because it's a very striking, wholesome 00:07:29.800 --> 00:07:35.337 landscape. And it suggested if man is going to become anything, he has to 00:07:35.370 --> 00:07:43.007 deal somehow boldly with with nature which is facing him and nature is is 00:07:43.040 --> 00:07:49.996 that machine that has allowed us to become too to be invented? Let's say 00:07:50.029 --> 00:07:53.137 at the same time, it's a it's a crushing machine and we have to be very 00:07:53.170 --> 00:07:58.296 careful in how we go about it. The desert is a very funny quality. It's a 00:07:58.329 --> 00:08:01.437 very strong environment. At the same time, you can destroy it with very 00:08:01.470 --> 00:08:05.046 little you put a little house in the middle of the desert and the desert 00:08:05.079 --> 00:08:11.536 is gone. It's it's a very strange. We are advocating the city and then we 00:08:11.569 --> 00:08:14.277 are getting people into the wilderness saying, well, we have to start from 00:08:14.310 --> 00:08:18.056 zero and you don't have anything. You don't know what you're seeking. You 00:08:18.089 --> 00:08:22.616 have to build it. So you're coming and you don't find a society. You don't 00:08:22.649 --> 00:08:27.767 find a noble environment. You find that the wilderness. So you have to be 00:08:27.800 --> 00:08:31.536 pioneers and work for something which is not there yet, which is something 00:08:31.569 --> 00:08:36.907 is going to be there. If you put your two cents in 00:08:36.940 --> 00:08:42.616 of the 30 archaeology. Solari has designed one. Arcosanti is presently 00:08:42.649 --> 00:08:47.006 under construction in the central part of my own home state. Arizona 00:08:47.039 --> 00:08:51.587 Arcosanti intended as the headquarters for the Cassani Foundation. It's a 00:08:51.620 --> 00:08:56.077 larry school and workshop Is planned to cover 10 acres, rise to a height 00:08:56.110 --> 00:09:01.587 of 20 stories and house 2500 people. Normal procedure today for building 00:09:01.620 --> 00:09:06.077 in the southwest is to spread out at ground level land is cheaper than 00:09:06.110 --> 00:09:10.976 high rise construction and besides people want separate dwellings. This is 00:09:11.009 --> 00:09:16.957 phoenix Arizona expanding inexorably a car is a necessity here. Everything 00:09:16.990 --> 00:09:21.896 is miles from everything else in such a desert city. Only the people on 00:09:21.929 --> 00:09:26.717 the outside periphery actually live in the desert and they too will soon 00:09:26.750 --> 00:09:31.567 be swallowed up. By contrast at Arcosanti, all the residents will be 00:09:31.600 --> 00:09:36.407 minutes by foot from the elements of their urban life and all will face 00:09:36.440 --> 00:09:41.266 nature and be only a few minutes walk from its spacious statements by his 00:09:41.299 --> 00:09:46.366 own standards, Soleri's Arcosanti is a very small archaeology, but he does 00:09:46.399 --> 00:09:51.207 what he can with what he had 00:09:51.240 --> 00:09:55.746 to to project too far into the future. As took it as you know, as as just 00:09:55.779 --> 00:09:59.136 living in the past. So I think the future has to be connected directly 00:09:59.169 --> 00:10:05.457 with our performance and a feasibility at the same time. I feel that if we 00:10:05.490 --> 00:10:10.187 demand from technology strongly enough some answers, technology is going 00:10:10.220 --> 00:10:14.986 to give it to us. My dilemma now is that I I really want to want to check 00:10:15.019 --> 00:10:20.276 more the wise than the house. So we are building. We are trying to build 00:10:20.309 --> 00:10:24.616 now one of those small example of this thing and I keep telling my my 00:10:24.649 --> 00:10:30.386 apprentice and my participant in this thing, that they shouldn't be so 00:10:30.419 --> 00:10:37.606 much worried about how we're going to go about this, but to be convinced 00:10:37.639 --> 00:10:43.167 about the why we are doing it and then do our best to to implement this 00:10:43.200 --> 00:10:47.917 thing one way or the other, once we can demonstrate something, demonstrate 00:10:47.950 --> 00:10:51.616 to ourselves and to to other people that there is something very, very 00:10:51.649 --> 00:10:56.776 basic developed into this. Then we could ask industry technology to come 00:10:56.809 --> 00:11:04.287 in and really give sound and answer invisibility in cost, in in effective 00:11:04.320 --> 00:11:10.866 efficiency and so on. Why's not house. So Larry is trying to come to grips 00:11:10.899 --> 00:11:16.106 with whole systems and ultimately, this is what our civilization must do 00:11:16.139 --> 00:11:19.307 when I was Secretary of the Interior. And now on my own work as an 00:11:19.340 --> 00:11:23.896 environmental consultant, this idea of whole systems has impressed me as 00:11:23.929 --> 00:11:28.207 absolutely essential to the preservation of man and nature. The great 00:11:28.240 --> 00:11:32.707 naturalist, john muir put it simply, everything is hitched together. 00:11:32.740 --> 00:11:37.697 Problem solving can be risky. Where the tendency is to isolate the problem. 00:11:37.730 --> 00:11:41.596 Indeed, to the extent that our technology succeeds so well in providing 00:11:41.629 --> 00:11:45.496 solutions to problems, air conditioning, the individual apartments in a 00:11:45.529 --> 00:11:51.087 city choked by pollution. For example, salary is wary of technology. I 00:11:51.120 --> 00:11:58.407 think we can say that science is beyond the morals, but I think technology 00:11:58.440 --> 00:12:02.626 is a moral in the sense that tends to be an oversimplified. Technology 00:12:02.659 --> 00:12:09.677 always tries to find in a set of, of problems once facets and and solve it 00:12:09.710 --> 00:12:14.037 , solve that facet by doing this, it tends to peel off all the other 00:12:14.070 --> 00:12:17.467 elements that are making the problem around problems. So the 00:12:17.500 --> 00:12:23.606 oversimplification of technology, Visa vida, let's say the texture of life 00:12:23.639 --> 00:12:29.687 is what makes technology always on the brink of being very dangerous so 00:12:29.720 --> 00:12:36.907 that technology has always to be somehow reset on his course Bye by the 00:12:36.940 --> 00:12:40.606 individual, by the person, by the, by the society that is going to somehow. 00:12:40.639 --> 00:12:47.047 So salary cities are intended as man made environments. Large numbers of 00:12:47.080 --> 00:12:51.807 people presently in economic and social diaspora will be brought together 00:12:51.840 --> 00:12:57.327 in great density implosion of megalopolis. He says his goal is to uplift 00:12:57.360 --> 00:13:01.427 civilization and conserve the earth and of course here his work parts 00:13:01.460 --> 00:13:05.246 company with nearly all architecture past and present which has served 00:13:05.279 --> 00:13:09.297 special interests and short term demands, which is not to say that 00:13:09.330 --> 00:13:13.096 salaries are Qala jeez there is no relationship to what man has built 00:13:13.129 --> 00:13:18.437 before. There are many precedents and correspondences in scale design and 00:13:18.470 --> 00:13:24.636 location of site. Solar shares a sense of scale with a venerable tradition 00:13:24.669 --> 00:13:29.636 in architecture, which a good example is piranhas, structures like this 00:13:29.669 --> 00:13:34.467 pose challenging design problems except on paper from the air they are too 00:13:34.500 --> 00:13:39.707 big to be seen. The tradition of macro structures has remained largely one 00:13:39.740 --> 00:13:42.187 of fantasies. 00:13:42.220 --> 00:13:46.596 An imaginary funeral monument by bullet. The draftsman put people on the 00:13:46.629 --> 00:13:52.476 side of this cenotaph but they're too small at this scale to be visible. 00:13:52.509 --> 00:13:56.136 In his book. The metropolis of tomorrow Hugh ferris imagined a future in 00:13:56.169 --> 00:14:01.276 new york city, luminous skyscrapers connected on many levels. A vision of 00:14:01.309 --> 00:14:06.776 the clean and multilayered city. These were drawn in 1929 before the 00:14:06.809 --> 00:14:11.567 construction of the Empire State Building. They are futuristic but by the 00:14:11.600 --> 00:14:15.736 standards of accepted building forms rather than for any function in a 00:14:15.769 --> 00:14:19.006 radically changed society. 00:14:19.039 --> 00:14:23.226 The moving of huge quantities of earth also defines an architectural 00:14:23.259 --> 00:14:29.126 tradition relevant to salaries work. The ancient inca citadel of Sasha 00:14:29.159 --> 00:14:35.596 Woman reveals an astonishing talent for large scale earthwork and for the 00:14:35.629 --> 00:14:39.646 techniques which enable men without advanced technology to build 00:14:39.679 --> 00:14:45.057 structures that last for centuries. Machu Picchu two shows this talent in 00:14:45.090 --> 00:14:49.106 its finest form and also shows an accommodation with the natural 00:14:49.139 --> 00:14:53.667 environment. These forms not only adapt themselves to the outcroppings of 00:14:53.700 --> 00:14:59.467 the Andes mountains, but in the end, will look like outcroppings 00:14:59.500 --> 00:15:03.276 in europe. The advent of the cannon rendered obsolete many previous 00:15:03.309 --> 00:15:08.246 notions of defense walls and gave rise to huge earth fortifications in 00:15:08.279 --> 00:15:14.697 depth. Nardine. The Netherlands is a particularly striking example. Modern 00:15:14.730 --> 00:15:19.746 technology often involves men in similar tasks to build this concrete 00:15:19.779 --> 00:15:26.506 shell in indiana earth was mounted into the exact shape and used as a mold. 00:15:26.539 --> 00:15:32.236 The concrete shell was then poured, allowed to harden and jacked up the 00:15:32.269 --> 00:15:36.207 dirt mound was then bulldozed away. 00:15:36.240 --> 00:15:41.157 People have lived in the earth's surface for centuries, a style called 00:15:41.190 --> 00:15:46.307 troglodyte by architectural historians. This is the plan of a village in 00:15:46.340 --> 00:15:51.807 north africa. The dwellings are shafts underground. 00:15:51.840 --> 00:15:56.797 In some cases, the earth's surface is barely rearranged, as in these oven 00:15:56.830 --> 00:16:02.766 shaped layering of mud and stone access is by log steps set into the front 00:16:02.799 --> 00:16:04.807 walls. 00:16:04.840 --> 00:16:08.917 The obvious analogy to this cave like design is the modern experimental 00:16:08.950 --> 00:16:14.846 village habitat built in Canada by Musashi, softy and above ground 00:16:14.879 --> 00:16:19.337 logistics system. It attempts to provide privacy with the static and 00:16:19.370 --> 00:16:24.957 social unity. A gold sought and achieved by most naive architecture, which 00:16:24.990 --> 00:16:30.787 also frequently solves the problem of climate extremes 00:16:30.820 --> 00:16:34.876 at Mesa verde in western America indian dwellings were positioned under 00:16:34.909 --> 00:16:39.707 rock outcroppings to take maximum advantage of the sun in winter and yet 00:16:39.740 --> 00:16:44.827 be shielded from it. In summer, salary is sensitive to considerations of 00:16:44.860 --> 00:16:49.096 climate, believing that man ought to be aware of the weather and in tune 00:16:49.129 --> 00:16:54.947 with it. The archaeology would temper extremes but will not create an 00:16:54.980 --> 00:16:57.937 artificial climate 00:16:57.970 --> 00:17:03.596 Talladega and psychology to be built on a damn. The city is brought to the 00:17:03.629 --> 00:17:09.107 source of power rather than the other way around. Such large scale efforts 00:17:09.140 --> 00:17:13.597 to harness natural power deeply involves man in the responsibility of 00:17:13.630 --> 00:17:16.806 treating nature properly. 00:17:16.839 --> 00:17:22.026 A turn of the century sketched the city industrial by Tony Garnier was 00:17:22.059 --> 00:17:28.006 positioned on a dam of the Rhone River. The idea of dams permeates modern 00:17:28.039 --> 00:17:32.967 visionary design, partly perhaps because of the fascination for power 00:17:33.000 --> 00:17:38.826 without combustion. The earth's surface is more water than land. Yet men 00:17:38.859 --> 00:17:42.857 have rarely established their dwellings on it. Modern technology has made 00:17:42.890 --> 00:17:47.637 possible a few beginnings. This floating island supports a ventilating 00:17:47.670 --> 00:17:53.417 system connected to a land based industry. Paul may mounts artificial 00:17:53.450 --> 00:17:59.677 atoll might be imagined as a potential floating city. Solaris nova noah 00:17:59.710 --> 00:18:04.326 designed for the continental shelf for the open sea Proposed population 00:18:04.359 --> 00:18:09.887 400,000 Another version would house over two million. 00:18:09.920 --> 00:18:14.036 Certain geometries find increasing expression in modern architecture. The 00:18:14.069 --> 00:18:19.306 hyperbole Lloyd, for example, a curved surface generated by straight lines. 00:18:19.339 --> 00:18:23.387 It has great advantages of structural rigidity and considered as a 00:18:23.420 --> 00:18:28.736 building presents maximum internal surface to the sun Buckminster Fuller 00:18:28.769 --> 00:18:34.167 used it in his design for the renovation of Harlem Celera uses it in Babel 00:18:34.200 --> 00:18:36.907 too. 00:18:36.940 --> 00:18:41.717 Crystal forms to run through modern architecture, Bruno tout designed 00:18:41.750 --> 00:18:48.607 Crystal House in 1919 to echo the surrounding alpine environment 00:18:48.640 --> 00:18:53.447 salaries. Arc village also reflects crystalline forms emphasized in this 00:18:53.480 --> 00:18:59.207 picture by the use of translucent material for the model 00:18:59.240 --> 00:19:03.867 frank Lloyd Wright's town of the future, spread widely in a rural area. 00:19:03.900 --> 00:19:08.556 Every man deserves his own acreage. It was to be a bucolic, well planned 00:19:08.589 --> 00:19:13.986 , efficient version of a physical environment that many americans believed 00:19:14.019 --> 00:19:19.127 was the backbone of the country. An occasional tower of unmistakable right 00:19:19.160 --> 00:19:25.957 design dots this landscape. This is a vision that salary does not share 00:19:25.990 --> 00:19:30.127 despite Solaris split with right. However, architectural historians see 00:19:30.160 --> 00:19:35.707 definite influences of the late master in salaries work, for example, 00:19:35.740 --> 00:19:40.657 right sketch for the community buildings in marin county California and 00:19:40.690 --> 00:19:48.397 its realization Solaris Arcosanti long arcades on a monumental scale of 00:19:48.430 --> 00:19:53.986 common to both. An early designed by salary. This is his sketch from Mesa 00:19:54.019 --> 00:19:59.266 city. It appeared to other architects to be romantic based on organic 00:19:59.299 --> 00:20:01.506 forms. 00:20:01.539 --> 00:20:08.266 A later work such as Arcosanti seems more attuned to formal geometries and 00:20:08.299 --> 00:20:12.397 of course geometry from much older traditions come to mind. This is the 00:20:12.430 --> 00:20:16.256 imperial forum of Rome 00:20:16.289 --> 00:20:20.296 in the spirit of the technological age, say some critics, designers of 00:20:20.329 --> 00:20:25.187 utilitarian things including whole cities invariably gravitate towards 00:20:25.220 --> 00:20:30.336 things that look functional things that do the most with the least with 00:20:30.369 --> 00:20:33.857 this in mind. They have compared the plans for our colleges with for 00:20:33.890 --> 00:20:39.147 example, machine parts, elements of Solaris work also bring to mind the 00:20:39.180 --> 00:20:45.026 revival in our time of Earth art, huge expressions outside museum walls 00:20:45.059 --> 00:20:49.786 and often is not in virtually inaccessible locations, expressions of the 00:20:49.819 --> 00:20:54.006 human desire to mark the earth with man 00:20:54.039 --> 00:20:58.407 work by artists like Michael Heizer and walter de Maria seemed to share 00:20:58.440 --> 00:21:02.467 with Solari and optimism in the face of the obviously contrary direction 00:21:02.500 --> 00:21:07.296 of the artistic marketplace and they share a preference as it happens for 00:21:07.329 --> 00:21:15.329 the big spaces of the desert and its beauty. 00:21:15.440 --> 00:21:19.266 Yet salary himself is extremely careful to distinguish between form and 00:21:19.299 --> 00:21:24.417 function between the thing itself and the appearance of the thing between 00:21:24.450 --> 00:21:30.086 fashion and a true aesthetic. I have somehow maybe a peculiar concept 00:21:30.119 --> 00:21:35.006 about aesthetics. I make a differentiation with Princeton between the 00:21:35.039 --> 00:21:41.197 beautiful and the aesthetic. The beautiful is what nature does, what it's 00:21:41.230 --> 00:21:49.230 what man does eventually now and then when he is good enough. And this 00:21:50.200 --> 00:21:54.496 happens seldom and through quite a bit of effort and through quite a bit 00:21:54.529 --> 00:22:00.687 of pain. So much so that I see the aesthetic process as in a way the last 00:22:00.720 --> 00:22:07.177 resort where man fails in a way to find an answer rationally and logically 00:22:07.210 --> 00:22:15.210 , and justly, he has to somehow go beyond those categories and and create 00:22:16.329 --> 00:22:22.467 aesthetically in order to to survive in a way. So for me, instead of what 00:22:22.500 --> 00:22:28.107 I call the stereo genetic process, it's a fundamental for men to become 00:22:28.140 --> 00:22:34.457 human. It's something that goes beyond the rationalization of things 00:22:34.490 --> 00:22:42.490 beyond the whatever has to do with the just and congress environment and 00:22:43.730 --> 00:22:48.457 social environment and so on. It has to do really with the creation of a 00:22:48.490 --> 00:22:54.367 new universe. But this is happening now only in fragments and slowly. We 00:22:54.400 --> 00:22:57.847 are capitalizing those fragments. So we have a we have a background, for 00:22:57.880 --> 00:23:04.467 instance, or poetry or music, sculpture, painting kraftwerk and so on. And 00:23:04.500 --> 00:23:11.756 this is a patrimony that helps us to become civilized, but are also 00:23:11.789 --> 00:23:19.789 somehow achievements that tend not to be sub subject to obsolescence to 00:23:20.029 --> 00:23:28.029 this grinding by of change to this self destruction that we are we are 00:23:28.099 --> 00:23:35.006 exhibiting now in every other field. Everything is so it's so temporary. 00:23:35.039 --> 00:23:39.336 What means something today. It is meaningless tomorrow. Well, a good 00:23:39.369 --> 00:23:45.996 prime is something that doesn't obey those kinds of laws. It has a some 00:23:46.029 --> 00:23:50.657 kind of an eternal quality into it, which makes it fundamental. I don't 00:23:50.690 --> 00:23:56.127 see why why someone would build this city for you. I mean white white. If 00:23:56.160 --> 00:24:01.167 this is the city for only 3000 people, why can't why why can't this be 00:24:01.200 --> 00:24:05.407 built? Say in three or four or five years it can be. But you have to be 00:24:05.440 --> 00:24:12.877 able to think that you're you're on television that people understand 00:24:12.910 --> 00:24:16.576 where I just learned about you. You know, I'm learning things. People find 00:24:16.609 --> 00:24:20.707 out maybe they didn't know before. Maybe they can help you think it would 00:24:20.740 --> 00:24:25.006 cost to build this city? Well, we estimated if if you have $10,000 per 00:24:25.039 --> 00:24:29.076 person would be close to 30 millions, which is probably a little modern. 00:24:29.109 --> 00:24:32.476 The shell, but not the whole building. Well, that's reasonable. I should 00:24:32.509 --> 00:24:39.387 think you'd be able to do that. Okay. You are very optimistic that the the 00:24:39.420 --> 00:24:42.826 the only thing that's really different between art and architecture is 00:24:42.859 --> 00:24:47.566 that architecture gets done. Art sometimes doesn't because there's a need 00:24:47.599 --> 00:24:52.107 for it. There is they'll need you see as a sculpture, you can not very 00:24:52.140 --> 00:24:55.887 often you can afford to do what you want as an architect very seldom. Very 00:24:55.920 --> 00:24:59.546 seldom. But we're getting 00:24:59.579 --> 00:25:05.236 our problems are really getting very close to these because of the size of 00:25:05.269 --> 00:25:07.667 the 00:25:07.700 --> 00:25:13.026 cost is just an experiment for you. Which would be finished talking about 00:25:13.059 --> 00:25:18.836 quite a bit less. I think your position, I would think your position as a 00:25:18.869 --> 00:25:24.836 as a person who undertook the responsibility of where people live and how 00:25:24.869 --> 00:25:28.187 they live and how they will get along together. You know, psychologically 00:25:28.220 --> 00:25:33.826 , how does this city affect its inhabitants? As opposed to say living 00:25:33.859 --> 00:25:39.907 stretched out in L. A. Or pushed in in new york. 00:25:39.940 --> 00:25:46.947 You have a you have a position that that that people people they need. 00:25:46.980 --> 00:25:52.776 They need you there's a cure. You have a utilitarian function. In fact, 00:25:52.809 --> 00:26:00.809 you're a utility bean. If yeah. But unless you're able to convince not 00:26:01.109 --> 00:26:06.127 them people that you have, you have an answer or you have a partial answer 00:26:06.160 --> 00:26:09.006 at the beginning of an answer, 00:26:09.039 --> 00:26:15.066 people are not going to to accept a radical. And so and so you're dealing 00:26:15.099 --> 00:26:19.167 with with a society which tends to be conservative and you're trying to 00:26:19.200 --> 00:26:23.387 present radical normally the reaction is to destroy what they don't 00:26:23.420 --> 00:26:28.556 understand it. No one is trying to destroy in good shape. That's only half 00:26:28.589 --> 00:26:31.546 of the solution. Do you do you do you think that you'll get to build one 00:26:31.579 --> 00:26:35.637 of the big ones before you die. I don't even think, you know those things 00:26:35.670 --> 00:26:40.756 , if they happen, they happen, this doesn't happen. You do your best and 00:26:40.789 --> 00:26:44.066 pray. 00:26:44.099 --> 00:26:48.407 The work at Arcosanti goes on with dozens of new volunteers every few 00:26:48.440 --> 00:26:52.826 weeks. Young people mostly who have heard salary speak on their campus or 00:26:52.859 --> 00:26:57.147 have read his book, the city and the image of man. These young people are 00:26:57.180 --> 00:27:02.016 attuned to a worldview that puts so many problems in perspective. The 00:27:02.049 --> 00:27:06.147 thrust of Solaris philosophy is that man must adopt a new view of himself 00:27:06.180 --> 00:27:10.226 as a force in this world and that a new architecture, a new physical 00:27:10.259 --> 00:27:15.756 environment is needed for this new man. Next week, in the third of this 00:27:15.789 --> 00:27:20.076 four part series, salary addresses himself to several specific challenges 00:27:20.109 --> 00:27:24.367 met by archaeology and then a picture essay. His place in the long 00:27:24.400 --> 00:27:28.589 tradition of visionary architecture is explored.