WEBVTT 00:00:03.040 --> 00:00:05.040 this recording is made possible through the facilities of how architecture 00:00:05.940 --> 00:00:10.306 , library, Arizona State University. 00:00:10.339 --> 00:00:18.339 Yeah, Side one Follow Salary, Lecture December 17, 1971 one h 45 minutes. 00:00:22.440 --> 00:00:24.440 Today. It's my pleasure to introduce to you. One of the, in my estimation 00:00:25.010 --> 00:00:29.206 , one of the rare men in the world who through his creative endeavors has 00:00:29.239 --> 00:00:33.137 become a phenomenon in his own lifetime. So if you would please welcome 00:00:33.170 --> 00:00:40.987 policy area, 00:00:41.020 --> 00:00:44.406 just go with the original 00:00:44.439 --> 00:00:48.607 can. Mhm. 00:00:48.640 --> 00:00:52.207 Mhm. Well, 00:00:52.240 --> 00:00:57.086 the first phenomenon is that I don't speak english, so 00:00:57.119 --> 00:00:59.696 that's going to be tough 00:00:59.729 --> 00:01:05.557 and being the theory a little abstruse or a little difficult to present in 00:01:05.590 --> 00:01:12.016 one hour, especially for a non speaking english person. I'm going to show 00:01:12.049 --> 00:01:19.007 the material first and then we might get into a discussion. I hope 00:01:19.040 --> 00:01:25.857 the material has, his mailing has two parts, one is construction in your 00:01:25.890 --> 00:01:28.906 own is a theory. 00:01:28.939 --> 00:01:33.316 The reason to show the construction is to demonstrate that we are also 00:01:33.349 --> 00:01:38.027 building and we are also living a normal life so that you don't believe 00:01:38.060 --> 00:01:44.227 that you didn't think that we are only sitting on a desk coming up with 00:01:44.260 --> 00:01:50.266 strange ideas. So it's very important for you to go through the building's 00:01:50.299 --> 00:01:56.527 first and then get acquainted with the concept and possibly develop a 00:01:56.560 --> 00:02:02.206 dialogue about the concepts. 00:02:02.239 --> 00:02:06.667 We are in Scottsdale, I mean five miles north of Scottsdale and many of 00:02:06.700 --> 00:02:10.876 you have been there probably, you know more or less what we are doing. But 00:02:10.909 --> 00:02:15.807 you see some of the ways that we have been using to build a very simple, 00:02:15.840 --> 00:02:21.756 very small structures that we are using for our purposes. Um metal works, 00:02:21.789 --> 00:02:24.707 ceramics, work drafting, 00:02:24.740 --> 00:02:32.740 living and so on. This compound has developed in the last 15 or so years. 00:02:33.840 --> 00:02:37.767 Most of the buildings the last 10 years in collaboration with the College 00:02:37.800 --> 00:02:44.596 of Architecture, we had summer workshops and Between 15 and 30 or 40 00:02:44.629 --> 00:02:49.467 students used to come for six weeks and do some manual work there and 00:02:49.500 --> 00:02:55.337 discuss the ideas involved in it. In the last three years we have been 00:02:55.370 --> 00:03:02.406 beginning to work on the new side about 70 miles on Black Canyon Highway. 00:03:02.439 --> 00:03:09.177 And this is the site for Arcosanti which is hopefully going to be a 00:03:09.210 --> 00:03:14.906 building for about 3000 people involved in living, working, 00:03:14.939 --> 00:03:21.566 producing, playing All under one roof. So it's a small town for about 3000 00:03:21.599 --> 00:03:29.599 people built on 10 acres About 25 story high, Occupying 1% of about 860 00:03:30.500 --> 00:03:36.147 acres that we have. So it's going to be the opposite of a suburban 00:03:36.180 --> 00:03:39.106 development 00:03:39.139 --> 00:03:46.807 because the concentration of the activities will be very high and very 00:03:46.840 --> 00:03:54.840 purposely hi and somehow centered around a small urban device which would 00:03:57.259 --> 00:04:05.259 be a nucleus for some research on urban problems. So what we're going to 00:04:07.719 --> 00:04:13.997 do in the next 10 years hopefully is to experiment and to experience and 00:04:14.030 --> 00:04:17.207 to be the guinea pigs 00:04:17.240 --> 00:04:23.017 of a certain environment that we are devising and developing. So the main 00:04:23.050 --> 00:04:28.687 teaching process would be learning about what we are doing and the doing 00:04:28.720 --> 00:04:32.906 is going to be mostly building for many years. 00:04:32.939 --> 00:04:39.906 Mhm and Mhm, 00:04:39.939 --> 00:04:42.877 Mhm. 00:04:42.910 --> 00:04:48.697 This is the place I was telling you, we live and work. Yeah. And it felt 00:04:48.730 --> 00:04:53.926 very positively there was not playing such every year. We build some of 00:04:53.959 --> 00:04:59.707 the structures or one or two then and then the year after we built 00:04:59.740 --> 00:05:06.507 something more to accommodate they're changes that we've Roosevelt. 00:05:06.540 --> 00:05:14.387 The first experiment was this slab which became a roof for low house and 00:05:14.420 --> 00:05:17.587 what I did instead of casting 00:05:17.620 --> 00:05:22.996 slip casting ceramic species in the ground as I used to do cast a sleep 00:05:23.029 --> 00:05:30.666 cast somehow this slab on a mountain made of soil. So this is the Earth 00:05:30.699 --> 00:05:38.699 House about 30 x 30 in the dimension and the roof was cast on a mound of 00:05:38.939 --> 00:05:41.306 soil 00:05:41.339 --> 00:05:48.697 after that came this studio lifting and ceramics later on this north to 00:05:48.730 --> 00:05:51.606 use the entrance there 00:05:51.639 --> 00:05:57.046 and then year by year we enlarged the operation. We were got into larger 00:05:57.079 --> 00:06:03.246 work in ceramics, we got into foundry work, we build house for the 00:06:03.279 --> 00:06:10.606 apprentice plate will be built swimming pool, a canopy and a larger we are 00:06:10.639 --> 00:06:15.056 now stopping the building in this side because we are concentrating on 00:06:15.089 --> 00:06:21.507 news. 00:06:21.540 --> 00:06:25.507 This is the view of this 00:06:25.540 --> 00:06:32.007 structure from this side. 00:06:32.040 --> 00:06:34.707 Thank you. 00:06:34.740 --> 00:06:40.796 The work here is all done by young people and myself and my family. So 00:06:40.829 --> 00:06:45.926 there is no professional skills involved. This is a passageway went 00:06:45.959 --> 00:06:49.106 through here. 00:06:49.139 --> 00:06:57.139 The view of this larger house from this side and the swimming pool 00:06:57.939 --> 00:07:03.207 can be about the swimming pool, 00:07:03.240 --> 00:07:08.007 little drafting room. 00:07:08.040 --> 00:07:13.207 Now I'm going to show some of the techniques that we used in building. 00:07:13.240 --> 00:07:18.406 This is the building, the construction of this. 00:07:18.439 --> 00:07:24.306 Sorry 00:07:24.339 --> 00:07:32.339 that what you see there is served and has been packed on a form which 00:07:32.339 --> 00:07:36.697 which is movable. You see it later. Those are some of the views of the 00:07:36.730 --> 00:07:42.207 compound is in the north studio looking into the ceramics area, 00:07:42.240 --> 00:07:47.207 the ceramics area where we do packing and casting 00:07:47.240 --> 00:07:55.240 the courtyard on the right and how's the swimming pool area 00:07:55.339 --> 00:07:57.906 san topology 00:07:57.939 --> 00:08:02.986 that you can see the what kind of services you get when you cast against 00:08:03.019 --> 00:08:09.007 the roughness of the soil. The law has the first experiment. This was the 00:08:09.040 --> 00:08:14.546 room I was telling you. And this is a it's another underground houses a 00:08:14.579 --> 00:08:20.277 ground which is which is a house which is below great believe it has a 00:08:20.310 --> 00:08:25.647 large opening on the south, one of the north and the skylights. I'm sorry 00:08:25.680 --> 00:08:27.906 about this 00:08:27.939 --> 00:08:30.306 business. 00:08:30.339 --> 00:08:35.417 The margins are getting along passageway boy to the podcast, which is the 00:08:35.450 --> 00:08:38.707 larger house, 00:08:38.740 --> 00:08:45.006 no serious frame was movable and we cast Many of those sections. 11 of 00:08:45.039 --> 00:08:51.016 those by moving the frame assembly, putting up the silt, cutting into 00:08:51.049 --> 00:08:56.667 pageants, putting paper to obtain different cause inside of the shell and 00:08:56.700 --> 00:09:00.307 pulling 00:09:00.340 --> 00:09:07.606 city sections for one day. One supported by the scaffolding 00:09:07.639 --> 00:09:15.639 and then the last section have to be cast before the scaffolding came 00:09:18.340 --> 00:09:23.807 This is the keystone and after that you can you have the structure working 00:09:23.840 --> 00:09:30.407 compassion. So you take it off, take off the support. 00:09:30.440 --> 00:09:36.526 This is the area oh boy. Where we do Islamic. We are a skylight in 00:09:36.559 --> 00:09:42.407 cardboard and we later on we made it into plastic and 00:09:42.440 --> 00:09:44.506 complete. 00:09:44.539 --> 00:09:51.356 We are shaping a formula in soil again to make this war which contains the 00:09:51.389 --> 00:09:57.707 killed for the ceramics. This is pure soil has been packed cut worked. 00:09:57.740 --> 00:10:05.606 This is a calling of semen to stabilize in a way path. Now we're pulling 00:10:05.639 --> 00:10:10.986 there. You see the war itself, the shelf and this was the form has been 00:10:11.019 --> 00:10:15.067 demolished afterwards. So we used 00:10:15.100 --> 00:10:23.100 soil performing that. We use concrete for the structure itself. 00:10:24.039 --> 00:10:30.067 We were shaping amount for a boat. It's a storage now and this girl is 00:10:30.100 --> 00:10:38.100 coming nose cribs and now we're pouring the concrete. 00:10:38.940 --> 00:10:46.276 Those are again are sheets of instead of paper, cloth, plastic cloth. And 00:10:46.309 --> 00:10:51.006 you see the difference between the areas where the cloth is on and where 00:10:51.039 --> 00:10:54.506 it's not 00:10:54.539 --> 00:11:01.996 the word concrete picks up pigments and soil itself. So you have a 00:11:02.029 --> 00:11:04.807 different color. 00:11:04.840 --> 00:11:11.567 This was one of the estimated shells is the promotion of another one using 00:11:11.600 --> 00:11:15.707 cars on the soil itself. 00:11:15.740 --> 00:11:19.207 Mr baez recalled 00:11:19.240 --> 00:11:23.606 just before the cast to go to shut itself 00:11:23.639 --> 00:11:30.917 after the casting before and after. This is a storage for the found really 00:11:30.950 --> 00:11:38.707 we're building here area space which is sheltered for the foundry work 00:11:38.740 --> 00:11:44.787 by using this technique we needed bulldozers to escalate under those 00:11:44.820 --> 00:11:50.096 shells and the bulldozers cut deep trenches. So we landscape those 00:11:50.129 --> 00:11:54.047 trenches, just cutting the soil and packing it. Later along that we 00:11:54.080 --> 00:12:02.080 stabilized by pulling see concrete shells, 00:12:02.639 --> 00:12:08.106 the resulting shell. 00:12:08.139 --> 00:12:11.407 Okay, 00:12:11.440 --> 00:12:17.927 we are building an enclosure for one of the patios in a large tunnel, 00:12:17.960 --> 00:12:25.096 ceramics. In this case we used we built three chronicle arches, one 00:12:25.129 --> 00:12:31.907 following the next into a spherical shape. And then we concluded this 00:12:31.940 --> 00:12:39.506 structured by pre casting an arch in sealed and then assembling it. 00:12:39.539 --> 00:12:44.146 Did they receive the art missing the keystone. This is the concrete child. 00:12:44.179 --> 00:12:47.606 The silt has been washed away. 00:12:47.639 --> 00:12:53.907 There's subject of research. 00:12:53.940 --> 00:12:57.506 No sir the 25 00:12:57.539 --> 00:13:00.907 elements 00:13:00.940 --> 00:13:07.307 and this is the the keystone car cast on the spot. So again you get 00:13:07.340 --> 00:13:10.307 compression 00:13:10.340 --> 00:13:16.187 stress is through the urge we put a bench table and only a tree house on 00:13:16.220 --> 00:13:18.807 top of it. 00:13:18.840 --> 00:13:24.807 It's so good. A few points Sunrise sunset for instance, 00:13:24.840 --> 00:13:31.646 we are casting the walls of the larger house and we used the gun night 00:13:31.679 --> 00:13:36.006 where we cast by hand. This was still a solid mound of dirt when we went 00:13:36.039 --> 00:13:42.297 in with us and we escalated this ceiling of this. We call it the cat cast 00:13:42.330 --> 00:13:47.807 because this shape was cut mainly by a bulldozer caterpillar 00:13:47.840 --> 00:13:51.947 considered offense of the texture and the color of the soil specifically 00:13:51.980 --> 00:13:55.606 using like 00:13:55.639 --> 00:14:01.626 There are two light wells in the house mr glass line. Again, there's a 00:14:01.659 --> 00:14:09.116 little ties. Those are panels we build in the house has divided for small 00:14:09.149 --> 00:14:13.307 rooms. 00:14:13.340 --> 00:14:20.356 We are moving powerful to make support for the canopy that is going to be 00:14:20.389 --> 00:14:25.907 sheltering the swimming pool. We have four foundations here. 12 poles. 00:14:25.940 --> 00:14:32.707 We're going to cast this lab there is it all those polls. 00:14:32.740 --> 00:14:40.207 This is the molds form for disgusting. We're painting it, 00:14:40.240 --> 00:14:43.707 we're stabilizing because 00:14:43.740 --> 00:14:51.740 after the casting we dug out the song and now we're losing it 00:14:51.940 --> 00:14:55.707 with two trades. 00:14:55.740 --> 00:14:59.476 It's 20 tons slab 00:14:59.509 --> 00:15:07.509 and it went up quite easily. 00:15:08.740 --> 00:15:15.937 Now we are piling up dirt. You see the color that come out by painting the 00:15:15.970 --> 00:15:22.356 soils painting the carrots. If you scrub this with blush and water you get 00:15:22.389 --> 00:15:30.389 more brilliant protect pigments but a lot of them. So yeah, 00:15:31.139 --> 00:15:37.807 now we're digging for the swimming pool. 00:15:37.840 --> 00:15:45.840 This was one on a few occasions when we had a the crew of professionals 00:15:45.840 --> 00:15:52.096 and the reason what we wanted a very good surface for purposes of cleaning 00:15:52.129 --> 00:15:57.407 the swimming pool giving the swimming pool clean. 00:15:57.440 --> 00:16:03.746 It became almost irresistible white inside the egg. So it was easter I 00:16:03.779 --> 00:16:11.779 think at that time 40 years ago. So we got in and less than 00:16:13.340 --> 00:16:18.317 we were doing a fast job so that we would have a good binding between 00:16:18.350 --> 00:16:26.350 white surface and the color of chemical bonds like fresco. Well 00:16:31.340 --> 00:16:38.366 the caldwell, we're fairly fast. We had them for four years and then last 00:16:38.399 --> 00:16:44.077 thing we got bad allergy and one of the boys put in too much chlorine I'm 00:16:44.110 --> 00:16:52.110 afraid that was so the call almost totally went in two days. 00:16:54.639 --> 00:17:00.817 We are pre casting sticks of concrete by doing a slab and using dividers, 00:17:00.850 --> 00:17:06.506 mental dividers and reinforcing those sticks with wild land which is 00:17:06.539 --> 00:17:12.707 number of Strands of steel about an inch long and 10 meals in there after 00:17:12.740 --> 00:17:18.486 you try them in a mixer and you get a diffuse strength, tensile strength 00:17:18.519 --> 00:17:26.236 within the structure after the curing, assembled those into apps. I called 00:17:26.269 --> 00:17:32.066 the structural apps is they are quarter of a sphere shape. They have the 00:17:32.099 --> 00:17:35.937 peculiar quality of collecting the winter sun if they are exposed to the 00:17:35.970 --> 00:17:40.377 south. So they become some collectors and it's very pleasant to work 00:17:40.410 --> 00:17:48.410 inside here and in the summer day work as a shades so they somehow fit 00:17:48.410 --> 00:17:51.816 this climate where in the winter you like to have the sunshine this summer 00:17:51.849 --> 00:17:59.127 , you really need shade for work. So this is an outdoor working area. Have 00:17:59.160 --> 00:18:05.786 fairly well set for this kind of climate. And we do the math found me this 00:18:05.819 --> 00:18:10.476 is you see how we assemble those sticks at the same time. We were building 00:18:10.509 --> 00:18:13.506 a very 00:18:13.539 --> 00:18:21.107 peculiar shape that is going to become a work area for model. You see that 00:18:21.140 --> 00:18:29.140 the making of decent together. 00:18:34.539 --> 00:18:39.207 But 00:18:39.240 --> 00:18:42.506 mm 00:18:42.539 --> 00:18:46.927 it we are still using some of those techniques on the new side but in 00:18:46.960 --> 00:18:52.117 different ways for different structures. What we're doing now is mostly 00:18:52.150 --> 00:18:54.687 pre casting 00:18:54.720 --> 00:19:01.677 slabs, precast and then assembled. This was an amount of soil. We began 00:19:01.710 --> 00:19:07.066 the construction from the top then we cast this way here. Next was this. 00:19:07.099 --> 00:19:12.506 Now we're ready to catch this one and we're going down to the floor and so 00:19:12.539 --> 00:19:17.597 that we are not doing the footings. The last starting from the center 00:19:17.630 --> 00:19:21.717 ceiling coming down into the fooling. In this case the students put their 00:19:21.750 --> 00:19:25.806 own designs. 00:19:25.839 --> 00:19:31.907 This is paper cut and applied 00:19:31.940 --> 00:19:37.607 and you can see he was putting on this boy was putting on this parrot. 00:19:37.640 --> 00:19:44.207 This is the north Studio communists the largest afternoon and it's almost 00:19:44.240 --> 00:19:51.256 completed. Now what we did, we bought a flannel cloth three ft wide. We 00:19:51.289 --> 00:19:58.336 dipped it plaster. We hung this wet cloth on a friend that you don't see 00:19:58.369 --> 00:20:04.147 in the slide and then when it was dry and steve we picked it up and 00:20:04.180 --> 00:20:10.647 assemble many of them on the scaffolding. So this is a flannel cloth form 00:20:10.680 --> 00:20:17.796 that is going to be visible inside is supporting the casting on this trail. 00:20:17.829 --> 00:20:24.407 This is the beginning of this process we bought for soil pipes. 10 tons 00:20:24.440 --> 00:20:30.867 of peace we found out later decide to hold my hand and the same. They 00:20:30.900 --> 00:20:38.306 framed the classic 00:20:38.339 --> 00:20:45.266 they see this sewer type telephone calls and press those are the ribs made 00:20:45.299 --> 00:20:51.336 in the final sit up in the process of being assembled, final surface 00:20:51.369 --> 00:20:55.306 inside. 00:20:55.339 --> 00:20:59.526 It does work very well as little studios, we are drafting room, a drafting 00:20:59.559 --> 00:21:07.559 table, the table in this and it's fairly pleasant space. 00:21:11.339 --> 00:21:18.407 Dozen models you see later. Those are the ecologies models. 00:21:18.440 --> 00:21:23.877 We used to have one A summer workshop then we got into five or six last 00:21:23.910 --> 00:21:30.867 year we had 11 beginning in March, ending a few weeks ago And last summer 00:21:30.900 --> 00:21:33.907 we had 250. 00:21:33.940 --> 00:21:40.546 Mhm participant plus the group that we have a more permanent group. So it 00:21:40.579 --> 00:21:45.556 was very large and we poured modern for under the hours I think of 00:21:45.589 --> 00:21:48.207 concrete, 00:21:48.240 --> 00:21:53.107 we intend to do the same thing next year but possibly more people involved. 00:21:53.140 --> 00:21:58.306 And so the thing has been developing 00:21:58.339 --> 00:22:04.107 Pretty well the last two or 3 years we have meetings, one or 2 meetings 00:22:04.140 --> 00:22:09.707 per week with myself, 00:22:09.740 --> 00:22:13.887 we support the foundation, the foundation that we have founded to support 00:22:13.920 --> 00:22:18.806 this work by making metal work and ceramic 00:22:18.839 --> 00:22:23.357 mostly bells, wind bells because they sell very well. You go from very 00:22:23.390 --> 00:22:28.006 small bells. A few dollars a piece too. Groups of thousands of dollars 00:22:28.039 --> 00:22:34.506 apiece. 00:22:34.539 --> 00:22:39.107 I use some figures in styrofoam, like those things. Also, maybe it starts 00:22:39.140 --> 00:22:47.140 then we cast, they lost starting from life technique, this is all we know. 00:22:50.839 --> 00:22:52.839 Keep pushing the wrong button. We were asked by the indian school in santa 00:22:56.589 --> 00:23:01.217 fe to build an outdoor theater using the same technique because techniques 00:23:01.250 --> 00:23:07.006 were used in the sponsor because they liked the feeling of the structures. 00:23:07.039 --> 00:23:14.566 So here we are building this shell about stage and the staging goes on 00:23:14.599 --> 00:23:19.746 here here at different levels in the bridge of this runway. Also visit the 00:23:19.779 --> 00:23:27.779 spectator. Whoa! The stage is 20 ft below ground. 00:23:27.940 --> 00:23:35.940 Yeah, preparing for the casting of these shells. 00:23:36.640 --> 00:23:42.306 Mr wrong way. And uh 00:23:42.339 --> 00:23:48.326 they receive different texture to soil. That would the embankment made a 00:23:48.359 --> 00:23:50.707 very 00:23:50.740 --> 00:23:55.006 I can get 00:23:55.039 --> 00:24:00.306 Yeah, 00:24:00.339 --> 00:24:02.607 late again. 00:24:02.640 --> 00:24:07.707 This is still a theater. 00:24:07.740 --> 00:24:13.506 We're going into the stage. 00:24:13.539 --> 00:24:21.539 I see what I'm doing 00:24:25.440 --> 00:24:28.207 for protection. 00:24:28.240 --> 00:24:31.407 Mm 00:24:31.440 --> 00:24:36.776 I tend to use to work in series when I do something, I'll begin with one 00:24:36.809 --> 00:24:43.006 idea that I developed different ideas around the same general concept. And 00:24:43.039 --> 00:24:48.127 this was the case for bridges for instance, I made those models in a few 00:24:48.160 --> 00:24:50.207 weeks 00:24:50.240 --> 00:24:55.957 and those were made in silt. Then what you see now those models transfer 00:24:55.990 --> 00:25:03.990 into plaster. This was a memorial bridge 00:25:05.940 --> 00:25:10.607 with a tubular bridge. You see the background some of the designs a 00:25:10.640 --> 00:25:18.207 project two million population City 00:25:18.240 --> 00:25:22.006 Two bridges. 00:25:22.039 --> 00:25:29.506 So we brought the 00:25:29.539 --> 00:25:35.786 This was a tubular structure so that it has the The advantages of serving 00:25:35.819 --> 00:25:41.437 the two frames but also serving value. So if you have you can come up from 00:25:41.470 --> 00:25:49.006 this level up to this side of the barrier or to that side person. 00:25:49.039 --> 00:25:53.536 The underside of it. 00:25:53.569 --> 00:25:58.806 The cantilever bridge 00:25:58.839 --> 00:26:02.907 the same. This has been landscaped. 00:26:02.940 --> 00:26:09.407 Save it 00:26:09.440 --> 00:26:17.440 A sketch for one cantilever bridge and model made after the sketch. 00:26:19.440 --> 00:26:27.107 This was a large sketch for a large model that I made for the exhibit when 00:26:27.140 --> 00:26:30.506 it opened at the court. 00:26:30.539 --> 00:26:34.407 This is the model is about 45 ft long 00:26:34.440 --> 00:26:40.207 and it's a suspension bridge. But instead of having vertical violence 00:26:40.240 --> 00:26:45.467 with cables coming up and then going down into anchorages, doesn't have 00:26:45.500 --> 00:26:51.107 any anchorages. Just has one foundation, 1, 1 side, one on the other one. 00:26:51.140 --> 00:26:56.617 And then those pilots are slanted. They come down there inched here, so 00:26:56.650 --> 00:27:01.556 the weight of this bible By the way to the other one through the cable 00:27:01.589 --> 00:27:08.306 tension A long way in, disgrace three levels you suspect from the cable 00:27:08.339 --> 00:27:16.339 cables. So what we saw Suspued bridge with only two Yeah, points Coming 00:27:17.609 --> 00:27:22.407 down into the ground into the four. 00:27:22.440 --> 00:27:27.226 Yeah. I began to be very much industry in urban problems when I got a 00:27:27.259 --> 00:27:32.826 grant from the Graham Foundation about 15 years ago I guess and I 00:27:32.859 --> 00:27:39.707 developed an idea for two million population community. 00:27:39.740 --> 00:27:47.006 Some of the elements are pretty interesting. No, with the ecological 00:27:47.039 --> 00:27:54.276 almost fair that we have and there was for instance, a quarry along the 00:27:54.309 --> 00:28:00.566 axis of the city which was made into a man made landscape. So this is an 00:28:00.599 --> 00:28:05.776 open pit mining, let's say introducing gravel and aggregate for building, 00:28:05.809 --> 00:28:10.907 for building, construction, construction and long ways 00:28:10.940 --> 00:28:18.506 and instead of leaving this skull as we do most retirement, this was made 00:28:18.539 --> 00:28:25.207 into a park with its own little valley and sub is a structure which was 00:28:25.240 --> 00:28:32.857 the dark cut or tunneled into it. So it's a geology which has been made 00:28:32.890 --> 00:28:37.707 into men shape geology. 00:28:37.740 --> 00:28:41.806 Another famine was that we had 00:28:41.839 --> 00:28:48.806 belt here some into the ground which was the recycling belt taking old 00:28:48.839 --> 00:28:55.437 rejects waste of the city and coming up with the materials or energy and 00:28:55.470 --> 00:29:00.046 so on. So you would have, you would be closing the cycle that we leave now 00:29:00.079 --> 00:29:02.107 open 00:29:02.140 --> 00:29:07.806 which go for waste pollution and so on. 00:29:07.839 --> 00:29:13.707 There were many rings, one side of your the center was a learning center. 00:29:13.740 --> 00:29:18.217 Then there was a ring which was given to small industries and home 00:29:18.250 --> 00:29:24.536 industries. I want to start now for villages organized in fellowships that 00:29:24.569 --> 00:29:30.066 it was another belt which was mainly of marketing standard products 00:29:30.099 --> 00:29:32.506 produced. 00:29:32.539 --> 00:29:36.806 There was a theological center connected through this part to the 00:29:36.839 --> 00:29:39.207 learnings. 00:29:39.240 --> 00:29:47.240 This was a very scattered kind of the pattern. This is about 30 miles and 00:29:48.339 --> 00:29:53.776 it was from this, the inability to organize this space better than I got 00:29:53.809 --> 00:29:57.826 into the three dimensional concept and this is the beginning of this three 00:29:57.859 --> 00:30:05.107 dimensionality expressed very strongly. This is I think 150 floors or so 00:30:05.140 --> 00:30:10.286 just want to love himself. This was a suggestion of this man made 00:30:10.319 --> 00:30:18.319 landscape technological, sexually, 00:30:24.940 --> 00:30:32.940 we're getting into more conceptual 00:30:38.440 --> 00:30:43.927 those two sentences tends to sanitize the reasons for doing what I'm doing 00:30:43.960 --> 00:30:48.647 now the last three or four years. The first one said that there is a 00:30:48.680 --> 00:30:53.806 direct relationship between liveliness and complexity. 00:30:53.839 --> 00:30:59.107 Things are more likely when there are more complex and this can be checked 00:30:59.140 --> 00:31:04.907 within the biological universe constantly from the beginning of life 00:31:04.940 --> 00:31:12.940 through to this to the president. The second sentence connects this idea 00:31:13.190 --> 00:31:18.887 of lightness and complexity with the physical dimensions of geography is 00:31:18.920 --> 00:31:24.907 um complexity is somehow coincidental miniaturization 00:31:24.940 --> 00:31:30.957 and the consequences of those two very simple statements is that if the 00:31:30.990 --> 00:31:36.796 city is an expression of liveliness, the city be very complex and 00:31:36.829 --> 00:31:40.306 automatically very miniaturized. 00:31:40.339 --> 00:31:44.947 It might sound very strange but we might try to get into this idea in a 00:31:44.980 --> 00:31:51.427 discussion and at the end I have some charts. Might help a little to 00:31:51.460 --> 00:31:54.806 understand. Yeah, 00:31:54.839 --> 00:32:00.486 this is one of the page of the sketchbooks with indicating very roughly 00:32:00.519 --> 00:32:08.006 what this translates into. If you take this as a very dia grammatical 00:32:08.039 --> 00:32:12.796 scheme of a city. In the section, vertical section you see a lot of ground 00:32:12.829 --> 00:32:19.556 level, the robot ized aspect of society, which means the production and 00:32:19.589 --> 00:32:26.367 the solar system for the life of a certain human good and about ground you 00:32:26.400 --> 00:32:34.086 have urban Yes. Structure itself containing private and the public sector 00:32:34.119 --> 00:32:37.107 of the life of this community. 00:32:37.140 --> 00:32:45.140 This includes living working producing plane basically regarding. So it 00:32:46.009 --> 00:32:54.009 contains the institutions that makes the incredible life. I mean 00:32:55.839 --> 00:33:00.766 in order to illustrate this counselor, which is fairly simple but it might 00:33:00.799 --> 00:33:06.516 suggest that once you you accept the concert you come out with cubes and 00:33:06.549 --> 00:33:14.549 invade the earth with thousands of little larger cubes containing Cities. 00:33:14.839 --> 00:33:19.536 I developed about 40 different schemes just to illustrate the concept. So 00:33:19.569 --> 00:33:27.569 what you see from now. Very schematic, abstract symbols, all and ideas 00:33:31.839 --> 00:33:36.907 develop some flooding suggestions. 00:33:36.940 --> 00:33:44.006 This is one of those schemes. There are two main Types of structures. one 00:33:44.039 --> 00:33:46.907 is the productive 00:33:46.940 --> 00:33:50.707 Germany is the 00:33:50.740 --> 00:33:56.786 this is the water level here you have an artist thing of the sea. And do 00:33:56.819 --> 00:34:02.707 you have the manipulation transformation, processing those products into 00:34:02.740 --> 00:34:06.016 mineral chemicals, proteins, who knows what they've done? You have the 00:34:06.049 --> 00:34:11.256 story and the shipping research connected with and some of the urban life 00:34:11.289 --> 00:34:17.606 connected with this activity. You can close the many of those into come up 00:34:17.639 --> 00:34:23.606 with a plaster system collected by 00:34:23.639 --> 00:34:31.639 also problems which contain over activities objects and so on. 00:34:36.139 --> 00:34:41.467 No scheme based on the same idea, flaunting again. Yes, this one you see 00:34:41.500 --> 00:34:47.506 the skeletal system somehow this 00:34:47.539 --> 00:34:52.396 and again this could develop from a small hub which will build original 00:34:52.429 --> 00:34:56.006 town into larger metropolitan. 00:34:56.039 --> 00:35:01.597 If your structure is anchored to the continental shelf, let's say, you can 00:35:01.630 --> 00:35:08.767 have again, production and service systems below water level and urban 00:35:08.800 --> 00:35:16.316 life above water level or encountered with open space. In this case you 00:35:16.349 --> 00:35:21.367 can produce energy by using the target because you have an anchored stable 00:35:21.400 --> 00:35:25.506 system working with changing 00:35:25.539 --> 00:35:30.876 level of water. So you feel that what the reason was. You can feel an 00:35:30.909 --> 00:35:38.807 empty too to the tide flows and usability that way. 00:35:38.840 --> 00:35:45.407 one example of somehow a dead or empty our ecology, which name are using 00:35:45.440 --> 00:35:48.506 for the structure is a damn, 00:35:48.539 --> 00:35:55.177 but that is a massive block to the floor water for purposes of energy 00:35:55.210 --> 00:36:02.327 production, water containment, irrigation and recreation. That we could 00:36:02.360 --> 00:36:10.360 add domestic uses or make this dead dumb block of country into a living 00:36:10.579 --> 00:36:18.579 system. Just being after. When we plan, then we plan it as a, as a carved 00:36:18.829 --> 00:36:26.829 structures that are being dance, a political structure. So this indicates 00:36:27.130 --> 00:36:32.796 world of possibilities on the outside. 00:36:32.829 --> 00:36:36.597 So mhm. 00:36:36.630 --> 00:36:41.606 This is a section through here from the inside wall of this double 00:36:41.639 --> 00:36:47.296 structure against the water storage, warehousing. Some industries from the 00:36:47.329 --> 00:36:52.217 outside world. Yeah. Holmes 00:36:52.250 --> 00:36:58.497 the private sector of the city for Holmes two apartment housing and the 00:36:58.530 --> 00:37:02.697 larger systems which are part of the structure. So you can have production 00:37:02.730 --> 00:37:08.396 , marketing and so on. You can have heavy heavy industries power 00:37:08.429 --> 00:37:16.429 production in our series cutting board with water ways and parking. 00:37:18.429 --> 00:37:22.856 You have to keep in mind that a damn side, you have everything already 00:37:22.889 --> 00:37:30.630 somehow there from power to water from immigration to form possibilities. 00:37:30.929 --> 00:37:32.929 And then you have this massive and very expensive structure that small 00:37:34.679 --> 00:37:38.697 bags for life. 00:37:38.730 --> 00:37:42.887 Does the same schemes. Same ideas with different structural scheme. This 00:37:42.920 --> 00:37:50.920 is a small one. This is much larger. 00:37:51.929 --> 00:37:58.796 Some of the example of the again, as I was telling you about symbols. Oh, 00:37:58.829 --> 00:38:01.256 common centers 00:38:01.289 --> 00:38:06.427 those two. This is about twice the hydrogen in the past a building. So 00:38:06.460 --> 00:38:10.807 it's a very large structure, but it's a very, very small city. It's for 00:38:10.840 --> 00:38:17.327 about 0.5,400,000 people. I guess suggested the car naturally stops at the 00:38:17.360 --> 00:38:22.486 end of the city. There is no room for for cars inside of the city, 00:38:22.519 --> 00:38:28.256 pedestrians are again part of the life of the city. You can reach 00:38:28.289 --> 00:38:32.947 everywhere within the city in a few minutes by walking by elevators, 00:38:32.980 --> 00:38:38.486 escalators by who in sidewalks accepted by bicycle. 00:38:38.519 --> 00:38:42.827 And you can also reach very quickly the outdoor, which is the real outdoor 00:38:42.860 --> 00:38:48.986 is not closing out adorable Sibolga or 00:38:49.019 --> 00:38:53.686 city park or so on. 00:38:53.719 --> 00:39:00.077 As for all the other ones, you have some kind of accent of the private 00:39:00.110 --> 00:39:07.546 life on the dividing membrane between the cityscape and landscape so that 00:39:07.579 --> 00:39:12.856 your client life is set at the edge of most of the cityscape and landscape 00:39:12.889 --> 00:39:20.889 , which I think it's very important. 00:39:21.820 --> 00:39:25.677 This was a scheme for, let's say what you might call it twin city of about 00:39:25.710 --> 00:39:30.526 one million population. And keep in mind that this dimension is no more 00:39:30.559 --> 00:39:35.776 than tomorrow's. I think you're still wearing with a system which allows 00:39:35.809 --> 00:39:42.977 you to communicate and transfer transport things very sweetly and very 00:39:43.010 --> 00:39:48.776 efficient. That means that you're cutting down the size of your service 00:39:48.809 --> 00:39:54.436 systems to a fraction of what we need not to keep things going. This goes 00:39:54.469 --> 00:39:56.787 for transportation 00:39:56.820 --> 00:40:04.820 two for help two learning policing 00:40:05.110 --> 00:40:11.077 delivery, tribal and so on. So that you end up by seeing that 00:40:11.110 --> 00:40:17.467 miniaturization is not just a way of making things about economic and 00:40:17.500 --> 00:40:20.677 political 00:40:20.710 --> 00:40:25.717 aspect, how we are going to function if we're going to function better 00:40:25.750 --> 00:40:30.017 what we are doing now, because we are going to come into the treasury into 00:40:30.050 --> 00:40:38.050 the soil from society. Billy substantial way. 00:40:38.409 --> 00:40:46.046 If you adopt the renal scheme, you can have a main logistical systems 00:40:46.079 --> 00:40:48.876 cutting through a continent 00:40:48.909 --> 00:40:56.247 and then plotting to this system which is in short in section here along 00:40:56.280 --> 00:41:04.186 the building, you can plug your urban structures, situating every city 00:41:04.219 --> 00:41:09.867 dweller very close to the urban institutions, land, open land into the 00:41:09.900 --> 00:41:16.776 main transportation system, including airports on the top of the whole 00:41:16.809 --> 00:41:20.376 system. 00:41:20.409 --> 00:41:25.566 If this was adopted, you would have to bridge obstacles. And this is an 00:41:25.599 --> 00:41:33.599 indication of, let's say all of us city bridge colleague bridging canyon 00:41:34.510 --> 00:41:41.776 the same here, bridging a river. 00:41:41.809 --> 00:41:46.376 Those are only stated into 00:41:46.409 --> 00:41:52.927 ecology book the book and as I was saying, there were attempts to 00:41:52.960 --> 00:41:58.336 illustrate the concept and show almost a limitless possibilities. Once you 00:41:58.369 --> 00:42:06.369 introduce the third dimension into your development for permanent 00:42:06.599 --> 00:42:12.767 communities 00:42:12.800 --> 00:42:20.800 story, 00:42:20.800 --> 00:42:26.367 those are very schematic models of other ecologies. This is the same one 00:42:26.400 --> 00:42:31.166 indicating the scale. This is a Palestinian building at the same scale, 00:42:31.199 --> 00:42:37.747 you know what another one there, This is for 450,000 suggests that 00:42:37.780 --> 00:42:42.166 population is about 250, 00:42:42.199 --> 00:42:46.267 170,000. This is about 30 times. 00:42:46.300 --> 00:42:52.936 And this could be a farming community where the farmer can enjoy the urban 00:42:52.969 --> 00:42:58.706 life if he desires. So you can leave there and going forward husband, 00:42:58.739 --> 00:43:06.739 european farmers difference. This is a cut out indicated 00:43:06.800 --> 00:43:14.800 what could be the city center like many levels. We did not some kind of 00:43:14.909 --> 00:43:20.077 conditioned space so that if the climate outside is very harsh, you can 00:43:20.110 --> 00:43:25.666 have a better climate inside without sealing off the city completely 00:43:25.699 --> 00:43:30.166 the same model. 00:43:30.199 --> 00:43:36.566 A larger scheme than this one. 00:43:36.599 --> 00:43:41.597 This is really a cluster of skyscrapers but it's still being somehow 00:43:41.630 --> 00:43:47.287 segregated because they're only connected at the base like we do. Now they 00:43:47.320 --> 00:43:52.066 desegregated structurally because they are connected at different levels. 00:43:52.099 --> 00:43:59.967 They're connected around the periphery and also a radio. 00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:07.776 This indicates a modular system that you would be able to somehow shape 00:44:07.809 --> 00:44:13.657 according to your desires for your private convertible. 00:44:13.690 --> 00:44:19.856 Sorry, 00:44:19.889 --> 00:44:22.456 what? 00:44:22.489 --> 00:44:24.956 And 00:44:24.989 --> 00:44:29.666 Another scheme a little smaller. About 170,000 in this one. We tried with 00:44:29.699 --> 00:44:35.447 the model to indicate this by just the possibility of organizing spaces 00:44:35.480 --> 00:44:42.577 and structures in very different ways somehow expressing individual or 00:44:42.610 --> 00:44:50.610 team for the calculations that would be involved in the It is right. 00:44:54.489 --> 00:44:56.956 Yeah. 00:44:56.989 --> 00:45:04.989 This is the same one that was indicated before. 00:45:07.289 --> 00:45:14.057 You have very large playgrounds and gardens for instance at this level. 00:45:14.090 --> 00:45:16.157 Mhm. 00:45:16.190 --> 00:45:19.856 Mhm 00:45:19.889 --> 00:45:23.356 Yeah. 00:45:23.389 --> 00:45:29.057 Mm hmm. 00:45:29.090 --> 00:45:31.256 Right. 00:45:31.289 --> 00:45:35.557 This was the most abstract and the most 00:45:35.590 --> 00:45:41.776 Somehow the terrorizing one. And it was intentionally very abstract 00:45:41.809 --> 00:45:48.157 because I was saying I was trying to investigate how you can, what you can 00:45:48.190 --> 00:45:50.956 do with 00:45:50.989 --> 00:45:59.289 those space With a solid and say in this case a Cube one km. Mhm.