WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.667 to start talking. Okay. And your life, can you hear yourself? Yeah, I 00:00:03.700 --> 00:00:07.726 can't hear myself. This will be good. Okay. I'll just get going right, 00:00:07.759 --> 00:00:10.006 okay. 00:00:10.039 --> 00:00:16.256 Uh I wanted to first make a correction from yesterday's conversation and I 00:00:16.289 --> 00:00:22.587 want to be absolutely clear on this issue. And then the right amount is 00:00:22.620 --> 00:00:30.620 also stated yesterday. We talked about the windfall of Navajo revenues um 00:00:33.439 --> 00:00:40.807 during the year after we won the case in the United States Supreme Court 00:00:40.840 --> 00:00:47.476 And I think I used the figure 214 million was the amount that we realized 00:00:47.509 --> 00:00:53.817 as an extra money coming into the neighborhood treasury. Uh last night I 00:00:53.850 --> 00:01:01.146 checked my record. It's 217. So it's a lot better than what I thought. 217 00:01:01.179 --> 00:01:05.217 is the number and the figure that we should use the second correction is 00:01:05.250 --> 00:01:13.250 that as a result of two things that we did is how we recognize and realize 00:01:14.739 --> 00:01:19.197 the additional revenue. Number one, of course is what I talked about 00:01:19.230 --> 00:01:22.906 yesterday, which is the United States Supreme Court case. And the second 00:01:22.939 --> 00:01:30.939 one was the renegotiation of mineral leases such as cole timbers, at least 00:01:32.819 --> 00:01:40.819 on land and right of ways, oil and gas, natural gas, all of those things 00:01:44.079 --> 00:01:49.467 during the previous administration, they were at an impasse on the 00:01:49.500 --> 00:01:56.126 renegotiation of those leases through Navajo land. Uh the use of the land 00:01:56.159 --> 00:02:00.997 by outside companies. Well, when I came in, I made that my number one 00:02:01.030 --> 00:02:06.497 priority realizing that that's going to generate new revenues. And so 00:02:06.530 --> 00:02:11.006 putting all of that together the Supreme Court case and the renewal of 00:02:11.039 --> 00:02:17.217 these leases is what brought about the 217 million. and there was 217 00:02:17.250 --> 00:02:23.297 million was in addition to what the general revenue was for the year or 00:02:23.330 --> 00:02:29.686 the tribal government. And so I just wanted to make that correction and 00:02:29.719 --> 00:02:35.156 then I also want to continue with what I was talking about in the area of 00:02:35.189 --> 00:02:42.406 education and uh, so I'll stop here just for one minute. 00:02:42.439 --> 00:02:49.696 Sorry traffic. Huh? More trying to do for things at the same time and not 00:02:49.729 --> 00:02:53.147 getting all that stuff we're doing. Okay. Well, I'm not worried about you 00:02:53.180 --> 00:02:58.566 are man was here. So he says, let's go ahead and get going. Good please. 00:02:58.599 --> 00:03:02.837 So what I'll do is I'll just talk about education now and then what I 00:03:02.870 --> 00:03:08.816 thought we should do. Peter is go From here because my voice keeps on 00:03:08.849 --> 00:03:15.436 yesterday, go from here to 1230 and 1230. Let's see. Let's see how it is. 00:03:15.469 --> 00:03:21.277 And we may just go to one and then just do whatever you want you want me 00:03:21.310 --> 00:03:23.606 to. 00:03:23.639 --> 00:03:28.506 Oh, I'll just be kind of listening and taking notes and then, and then we 00:03:28.539 --> 00:03:32.117 can have sort of a discussion after you're done with that. Is that what 00:03:32.150 --> 00:03:35.647 you prefer? We think so because otherwise I kind of interrupt your train 00:03:35.680 --> 00:03:43.006 of thought. Okay, okay, okay, 00:03:43.039 --> 00:03:49.126 continuation on education. Uh, some of the things that I observed during 00:03:49.159 --> 00:03:54.207 my lifetime in in looking at the operation of the federal government in 00:03:54.240 --> 00:04:02.240 terms of indian education is that on the Navajo? It was very, very 00:04:04.289 --> 00:04:10.106 intriguing to me. What was going on right about this time upon graduation 00:04:10.139 --> 00:04:15.786 from a shoe going back into uh neighborhood nation and becoming involved 00:04:15.819 --> 00:04:21.757 at the Window Rock High School, 1st as a teacher, and then secondly, 00:04:21.790 --> 00:04:26.507 becoming a member of the Board of Trustees for Window Rock High School. 00:04:26.540 --> 00:04:33.637 And then all of the problems that I saw and heard as a member of the Board 00:04:33.670 --> 00:04:39.746 of trustees. And then what we were trying to do to improve the facilities 00:04:39.779 --> 00:04:45.666 as well as the teaching and the curriculum and the overall education are 00:04:45.699 --> 00:04:51.866 the Navajo young people in that community. And, and when the Rock High 00:04:51.899 --> 00:04:59.899 School was one of the very few first institutions on the Navajo. And, and 00:05:00.819 --> 00:05:06.707 as a result of the success at Window Rock High School there came about 00:05:06.740 --> 00:05:14.740 subsequently, the other, the institutions of higher learning such as 00:05:14.910 --> 00:05:20.257 Navajo Community College and all the other uh, indian colleges throughout 00:05:20.290 --> 00:05:27.707 the nation. And so I wanted to just express that and then express my 00:05:27.740 --> 00:05:35.036 opinion about what was happening. Uh, the way I saw from a distance, as an 00:05:35.069 --> 00:05:43.069 objective viewer in an education was that uh, the United States wanted to 00:05:45.439 --> 00:05:52.267 educate the indian people, indian students as fast as they can and try to 00:05:52.300 --> 00:05:58.137 have them assimilate to their way of thinking. And uh, and they use all 00:05:58.170 --> 00:06:05.286 kinds of tactics, some questionable tactics and unethical tactics to try 00:06:05.319 --> 00:06:10.786 to bring the american indian people to the mainstream of american society 00:06:10.819 --> 00:06:16.306 and had them began believing in the system that they believe in. And uh 00:06:16.339 --> 00:06:22.967 and that was something that was so obvious for me to see in terms of what 00:06:23.000 --> 00:06:30.796 the, the federal government was trying to do. And one of the ways to do 00:06:30.829 --> 00:06:36.606 that was to establish what they call boarding schools off reservation. 00:06:36.639 --> 00:06:42.606 Excuse me. Uh huh 00:06:42.639 --> 00:06:47.527 boarding schools after reservation. So they established these boarding 00:06:47.560 --> 00:06:50.007 schools, 00:06:50.040 --> 00:06:56.437 I think a couple of them in Oklahoma, some in California, some in Utah one 00:06:56.470 --> 00:07:03.577 here in the state of Arizona. And they got all of the indian students off 00:07:03.610 --> 00:07:08.207 reservation that were of school age and put them at these uh boarding 00:07:08.240 --> 00:07:14.986 school institutions. And the whole idea was to educate them so that they 00:07:15.019 --> 00:07:23.019 know the basic things, reading, writing, arithmetic and yeah, a care of 00:07:23.639 --> 00:07:31.639 the home life and learning some trade, whether that's carpentry work or uh 00:07:32.560 --> 00:07:38.827 plumbing, painting, uh all of that they thought that and then people 00:07:38.860 --> 00:07:46.860 really need to get ahead to begin living in american society. And so 00:07:47.399 --> 00:07:51.596 basically that's what the boarding schools were teaching and there were 00:07:51.629 --> 00:07:58.556 none of what I would call cultural classes geared towards indian beliefs, 00:07:58.589 --> 00:08:04.207 uh indian culture, indian land, which lifestyle history and all of that. 00:08:04.240 --> 00:08:09.007 There was really none of that. It was all learning the american way 00:08:09.040 --> 00:08:13.856 learning the american system and I guess the federal government was hoping 00:08:13.889 --> 00:08:19.546 that if we have these boarding schools in a major metropolitan area like 00:08:19.579 --> 00:08:26.377 phoenix in Salt Lake city and Los Angeles, that ultimately the indian 00:08:26.410 --> 00:08:31.106 students would graduate from those high school and they would just 00:08:31.139 --> 00:08:37.047 eventually remain there in those cities. And so basically, that's uh, that 00:08:37.080 --> 00:08:43.006 was the mentality of the federal government during that time, and that 00:08:43.039 --> 00:08:49.307 happened for several years. That mentality was driven by trying to 00:08:49.340 --> 00:08:54.246 assimilate the american indian young people of course, what a better way 00:08:54.279 --> 00:09:00.077 to change the lifestyle of american end to go at the youngsters uh that 00:09:00.110 --> 00:09:08.110 the Children of indian elderly. And so I guess at the end of a certain 00:09:08.669 --> 00:09:14.417 period, they then evaluated the boarding schools and the students at the 00:09:14.450 --> 00:09:22.450 boarding schools, then began questioning sometimes in the Mid 1950s, they 00:09:22.690 --> 00:09:28.167 began questioning the tactics that the federal government was using. And I 00:09:28.200 --> 00:09:32.567 remember all of the problems that inner martin Intermountain indian school 00:09:32.600 --> 00:09:38.307 in Utah and what the students were saying what they were doing. They were 00:09:38.340 --> 00:09:42.146 protest in some of the tactics that the federal government boarding 00:09:42.179 --> 00:09:50.179 schools were using. Even in my own school here at phoenix indian school in 00:09:50.240 --> 00:09:55.187 my senior year, there were a lot of unrest, There were questioning the 00:09:55.220 --> 00:10:00.407 tactics of the federal government and I remember we had to go demonstrate 00:10:00.440 --> 00:10:06.297 against the administration for doing what we thought was unethical in many 00:10:06.330 --> 00:10:13.616 cases and then uh not having the school be conducive to learning uh new 00:10:13.649 --> 00:10:19.417 things and to gain knowledge and be completely educated. They were, they 00:10:19.450 --> 00:10:23.846 were failing in those areas. And so we had to put on a little student 00:10:23.879 --> 00:10:29.427 demonstrations to have a administration improve on that. And so there were 00:10:29.460 --> 00:10:34.307 a lot of unrest during this period 00:10:34.340 --> 00:10:37.207 uh huh 00:10:37.240 --> 00:10:43.907 and the United States Senate then got a hold of what was happening and I 00:10:43.940 --> 00:10:51.026 believe it was people like robert Kennedy and others of his party, the 00:10:51.059 --> 00:10:55.846 Democratic Party began questioning some of the things that were going on 00:10:55.879 --> 00:11:00.827 at the boarding schools and on the neighborhood. There was the Marion 00:11:00.860 --> 00:11:06.616 report that was produced how many many of the Navajo students of school 00:11:06.649 --> 00:11:11.467 age that we're not going to school and that they should be in school, but 00:11:11.500 --> 00:11:15.266 they weren't and many of them were over aged and I happened to be one of 00:11:15.299 --> 00:11:19.756 those individuals That started out late in school when I was nine years 00:11:19.789 --> 00:11:25.516 old. And so when I came to phoenix, I was put into a neighborhood special 00:11:25.549 --> 00:11:33.317 program and uh, and there I had to accelerate and go at a faster pace than 00:11:33.350 --> 00:11:36.657 most students to get into high school. But so many of the students didn't 00:11:36.690 --> 00:11:41.746 meet the challenge. I was lucky, extremely lucky to have good teachers and 00:11:41.779 --> 00:11:47.577 that tutored me through that process and thereby ended up uh, in high 00:11:47.610 --> 00:11:53.976 school at phoenix indian school. And so basically that was what was 00:11:54.009 --> 00:12:01.717 happening during that period. And uh, and then uh, because of the 00:12:01.750 --> 00:12:05.807 involvement of the United States government at the Senate level and that 00:12:05.840 --> 00:12:12.407 congressional level, there were these various hearings, various 00:12:12.440 --> 00:12:17.976 investigation that was done by the federal government to really decide 00:12:18.009 --> 00:12:24.667 where we stand and those kinds of issues. And then there came about a 00:12:24.700 --> 00:12:29.807 gradual, a gradual transformation 00:12:29.840 --> 00:12:35.577 from indian boarding school into beginning to build schools on 00:12:35.610 --> 00:12:40.667 reservations close to their parents, in indian communities where the 00:12:40.700 --> 00:12:46.957 indian people live. And as a result under Navajo all, there were a lot of 00:12:46.990 --> 00:12:51.756 public schools that were built and then on a patchy reservation, the Saint 00:12:51.789 --> 00:12:58.256 Carlos and then in White Mountain and then a lot of the other local tribes 00:12:58.289 --> 00:13:06.167 , they built those local schools to try to encourage parents to enroll 00:13:06.200 --> 00:13:11.856 their Children their locally and then began teaching the parents about how 00:13:11.889 --> 00:13:17.287 to control school. And as a result of all of that movement during that 00:13:17.320 --> 00:13:23.896 time, uh, people like about the late bob russell then got involved with 00:13:23.929 --> 00:13:31.827 the federal program and started promoting a local control of schools by 00:13:31.860 --> 00:13:36.626 neighborhood parents. And he established such an institution, that Rough 00:13:36.659 --> 00:13:42.907 Rock where the, that there would be a community school completely 00:13:42.940 --> 00:13:47.106 controlled by the Navajo people. 00:13:47.139 --> 00:13:49.506 Yeah. 00:13:49.539 --> 00:13:52.957 Where it would be completely controlled by the Navajo people. They would 00:13:52.990 --> 00:13:57.307 become school board members and ultimately, when they already, and getting 00:13:57.340 --> 00:14:03.787 their education, they would ultimately be responsible as superintendents 00:14:03.820 --> 00:14:11.136 as principal of those schools. And Rough Rock was a pioneer in that 00:14:11.169 --> 00:14:16.106 category. And uh, and they decided that what they should simply do is try 00:14:16.139 --> 00:14:21.006 to get the money to be, I was using to educate the Neverhood students in 00:14:21.039 --> 00:14:25.917 that community except bob changed that and just had the federal government 00:14:25.950 --> 00:14:33.067 give that money to the local uh, school border was incorporated as uh 00:14:33.100 --> 00:14:39.427 educational institution and as a nonprofit corporate entity. And then they 00:14:39.460 --> 00:14:47.460 end up uh, doing their own school and being able to put themselves in the 00:14:47.460 --> 00:14:53.226 position to have a lot of say. So as to what curriculum, what kind of 00:14:53.259 --> 00:14:59.236 teachers and classes that were structured in such a way that they would 00:14:59.269 --> 00:15:04.157 concentrate very heavily on Neverhood, This Navajo culture, neighborhood 00:15:04.190 --> 00:15:09.516 history land, which in all of that would be talking by that school. And, 00:15:09.549 --> 00:15:15.226 and that was the beginning of Navajo or indian control schools of schools 00:15:15.259 --> 00:15:21.437 across the nation. And then all of these other schools throughout indian 00:15:21.470 --> 00:15:27.866 country then start propping up design after what we're refracted. And then 00:15:27.899 --> 00:15:34.496 as that was happening, the public schools then also began doing some of 00:15:34.529 --> 00:15:40.187 the things that Rough Rock demonstration school was able to do. And in the 00:15:40.220 --> 00:15:45.287 process of doing that. That was highly, highly successful by all uh 00:15:45.320 --> 00:15:51.217 indication through research and studies, uh, either by the government or 00:15:51.250 --> 00:15:56.307 by the state government, by their tribal government. Every indication was 00:15:56.340 --> 00:16:00.307 that there was a tremendous amount of improvement. The students were very 00:16:00.340 --> 00:16:08.006 proud of themselves as Navajo indians in our case and there were a lot of 00:16:08.039 --> 00:16:11.837 indian parents even though they didn't speak english and never had 00:16:11.870 --> 00:16:19.870 opportunity to go to school before they had their Children situated. 00:16:20.740 --> 00:16:28.740 I could turn it off. 00:16:31.240 --> 00:16:37.407 They had their Children situated where they were learning something about 00:16:37.440 --> 00:16:42.907 their culture and that gave them a lot of pride and the parents were happy 00:16:42.940 --> 00:16:48.567 and of course when you're happy, when you are in full control in the 00:16:48.600 --> 00:16:55.457 education of your own Children, that's going to make you happy parents 00:16:55.490 --> 00:17:00.817 because you are now given assistance to the local school in terms of what 00:17:00.850 --> 00:17:05.127 the kids were learning. And so that was a big success throughout the 00:17:05.160 --> 00:17:11.006 nation. And uh, and then ultimately, the neighborhood nation wanted to 00:17:11.039 --> 00:17:16.417 transfer that idea over to the public school. And I believe it was at this 00:17:16.450 --> 00:17:22.137 point that we, from the Navajo nation, I started talking about education 00:17:22.170 --> 00:17:26.566 policy and it was just extremely lucky to have the kind of council 00:17:26.599 --> 00:17:31.157 delegates that we had, like David Soc, who was the chairman of the 00:17:31.190 --> 00:17:38.806 Education Committee, bought into the idea and we produce uh, never who 00:17:38.839 --> 00:17:45.066 education policy, which was a model at that time for all the other indian 00:17:45.099 --> 00:17:49.967 tribes in the United States to follow and use it as an example as an 00:17:50.000 --> 00:17:55.447 example in the process of taking control of their own schools by the 00:17:55.480 --> 00:18:01.597 tribal government and the tribal government had finally spoke in terms of 00:18:01.630 --> 00:18:07.127 what they believe in terms of the education of their own Children. And so 00:18:07.160 --> 00:18:11.066 , uh, this was something that took place now when you were, when we were 00:18:11.099 --> 00:18:15.586 trying to transfer the same rough rock idea and the successes over to the 00:18:15.619 --> 00:18:21.437 public school. There was a lot of resistance from the public schools and I 00:18:21.470 --> 00:18:24.957 remember going to several of those school board meetings where the 00:18:24.990 --> 00:18:30.697 superintendent would uh arise to be heard. And one of the things that they 00:18:30.730 --> 00:18:36.457 almost always said was that if the Navajo nation government wants to get 00:18:36.490 --> 00:18:40.367 involved in the education, then they have to produce some money, make some 00:18:40.400 --> 00:18:45.217 money available so that we can teach a lot of the things that their men 00:18:45.250 --> 00:18:49.976 men dating us to do because the education policy says that neighborhood 00:18:50.009 --> 00:18:53.996 kids have to learn neighborhood language, that neighborhood kids should be 00:18:54.029 --> 00:18:59.076 taught the history of the neighborhood tribe, the neighborhood nation. And 00:18:59.109 --> 00:19:04.556 uh, and that all these kinds of things that make them who they are proud, 00:19:04.589 --> 00:19:09.056 never who youngsters that all of that should be taught and made available 00:19:09.089 --> 00:19:13.107 to the school. Well, the school superintendents were indicating that they 00:19:13.140 --> 00:19:17.607 don't have the money to do that. And we kept on saying that of course you 00:19:17.640 --> 00:19:22.836 do have the money to do that. And it was just a matter of a desire by you 00:19:22.869 --> 00:19:28.816 and the desire by the school board to uh, go ahead and hence, and hence 00:19:28.849 --> 00:19:33.336 the tradition of the Navajo people. And so there was a tug of war that 00:19:33.369 --> 00:19:37.336 went on between the Navajo nation government and local schools and we 00:19:37.369 --> 00:19:43.326 could never get together and on the 00:19:43.359 --> 00:19:49.407 on the agreement between the two parties as to what responsibilities we 00:19:49.440 --> 00:19:54.306 had and what responsibilities that they had to teach. This new thing that 00:19:54.339 --> 00:20:00.357 we had mandated the schools to do. And unfortunately that kind those kinds 00:20:00.390 --> 00:20:06.006 of situations lasts more than four years. And so I just had that little 00:20:06.039 --> 00:20:12.897 Shadow of opportunity for about four years to to promote that and other 00:20:12.930 --> 00:20:18.407 people that came after me were the ones that had to deal with that. Also 00:20:18.440 --> 00:20:24.266 we'll take a little break. Ok? To No, no, but I just want to make sure we 00:20:24.299 --> 00:20:31.657 need to uh we need to turn the power off. Uh let it go. Okay. Alright, 00:20:31.690 --> 00:20:35.967 that makes it easier. Yeah. Yeah. I ran late this morning and I just I 00:20:36.000 --> 00:20:39.427 just one of those mornings you want somehow to be able to divide yourself 00:20:39.460 --> 00:20:43.066 into four parts and going in directions. Doesn't work. No, not even if 00:20:43.099 --> 00:20:49.806 you're Birthday is 4444. You still you don't get much help from that? Well 00:20:49.839 --> 00:20:55.836 , I just wanted to say thank you. What about 11:30? and I'm not really 00:20:55.869 --> 00:20:58.877 sure if I'll be back before you all leave as Matt said you were gonna 00:20:58.910 --> 00:21:04.607 leave around one. Well, it depends a little on dr shaw's voice. He's been 00:21:04.640 --> 00:21:10.607 using it rather extensive. Yeah. Yesterday. Uh 00:21:10.640 --> 00:21:16.526 Mhm. But what we're gonna do is probably Around a little after 12 hours 00:21:16.559 --> 00:21:20.586 from now, we'll stop and then Peter is going to ask questions and we'll go 00:21:20.619 --> 00:21:25.826 over that well. Sounds good. Well just call matt and he'll take care of 00:21:25.859 --> 00:21:30.107 everything good and then if I am then and I heard you're not coming in on 00:21:30.140 --> 00:21:35.256 friday so we won't set anything up. Okay. But he's been making noises 00:21:35.289 --> 00:21:39.847 about doing another session. Okay. Right. We're talking about one, I don't 00:21:39.880 --> 00:21:43.687 know. Sometimes before too long we'll just let me know. I'm going to be 00:21:43.720 --> 00:21:50.496 out in july but maths around in between taking care of. Thank you. Good 00:21:50.529 --> 00:21:58.529 start. Thank you. Joyce you take care. Uh huh. 00:22:00.140 --> 00:22:08.140 Yeah. Okay. Okay. Uh huh. So essentially the education policy of the 00:22:08.420 --> 00:22:15.766 Navajo nation served its purpose during that period of time. And I as the 00:22:15.799 --> 00:22:22.967 chairman of the African Nation did what I had to do uh two help produce 00:22:23.000 --> 00:22:31.000 the never education policy. We knew all along the uh that education policy 00:22:31.369 --> 00:22:37.907 had to be updated, updated every so often to get in line and be in line 00:22:37.940 --> 00:22:45.940 with uh the community's wishes. And so very recently uh the Navajo 00:22:47.730 --> 00:22:52.506 education saw fit to do that and they pass another 00:22:52.539 --> 00:22:59.276 to strengthen the original neighborhood nation policy and I think at some 00:22:59.309 --> 00:23:04.006 point I'll have to devote some time to discuss and that more specifically. 00:23:04.039 --> 00:23:09.086 Uh But for the for the time being, if you look at the national level and 00:23:09.119 --> 00:23:14.207 then contrasting that with the Navajo, I think what was happening on the 00:23:14.240 --> 00:23:17.066 Navajo, which was a little different than what was happening at the 00:23:17.099 --> 00:23:24.256 national level, was that many of the new things indian education uh, was 00:23:24.289 --> 00:23:32.289 really spearheaded uh, and we as a neighborhood nation and as a trail 00:23:32.589 --> 00:23:40.377 blazers, uh, in indian education had to produce what we did and then at 00:23:40.410 --> 00:23:46.986 the same time prove what we were doing to be successful. Uh, In other 00:23:47.019 --> 00:23:52.347 words, if you look at what happened at, reference the original name that 00:23:52.380 --> 00:23:57.566 was attached to that experimental program was a demonstration school, 00:23:57.599 --> 00:24:03.476 Rough Rock demonstration school and it was put in place to demonstrate to 00:24:03.509 --> 00:24:09.816 the federal government and to other people that, yes, uh, these kinds of 00:24:09.849 --> 00:24:15.197 innovation, new innovation could be successful. Uh, the federal government 00:24:15.230 --> 00:24:22.107 , all the other people didn't buy into it. Initially, they wanted a proof. 00:24:22.140 --> 00:24:26.026 They wanted a proof and they wanted some kind of a demonstration project 00:24:26.059 --> 00:24:31.826 to demonstrate to them that this kind of education, our own way of 00:24:31.859 --> 00:24:36.826 educating our own Children could be successful. And so all these years 00:24:36.859 --> 00:24:42.167 that it was given that title, I think, reflected a very good job of 00:24:42.200 --> 00:24:49.086 demonstrating to the powers at hand whether that's locally or at the 00:24:49.119 --> 00:24:54.296 national level, that it demonstrated the success of parental involvement 00:24:54.329 --> 00:24:59.226 and indian control of education. And so, Navajo is always in the forefront 00:24:59.259 --> 00:25:07.259 , uh, showing to the federal government and other entities that we're able 00:25:07.650 --> 00:25:12.447 , we're capable of taking their own, if own, taking care of our own 00:25:12.480 --> 00:25:16.836 education in our own affairs. And so basically, the way I see it is that 00:25:16.869 --> 00:25:21.516 that's what really happened and we as tribal leaders, we came alone and 00:25:21.549 --> 00:25:26.707 all we did is strengthened what was happening. All we did was support what 00:25:26.740 --> 00:25:32.617 was happening in the local community. And, uh, that's at least how I saw 00:25:32.650 --> 00:25:40.650 my role as a chairman of the Navajo nation. 00:25:41.839 --> 00:25:44.407 Okay. 00:25:44.440 --> 00:25:48.107 He wanted to turn it off a little. 00:25:48.140 --> 00:25:50.339 Let's see.