Arizona Travel Impacts
1998-2014p

Photo courtesy of Arizona Office of Tourism

June 2015

Prepared for the

Arizona Office of Tourism
Phoenix, Arizona

ARIZONA TRAVEL IMPACTS
1998-2014P

Arizona Office of Tourism

Primary Research Conducted By:
Dean Runyan Associates
Portland, Oregon

June 2015

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report describes the economic impacts of travel to and through Arizona and the
state’s fifteen counties. The estimates of the direct impacts associated with traveler
spending in Arizona were produced using the Regional Travel Impact Model (RTIM)
developed by Dean Runyan Associates. The estimates for Arizona are generally
comparable to the U.S. Travel and Tourism Satellite Accounts produced by the Bureau
of Economic Analysis. The estimates of spending, earnings, employment and tax
receipts are also used as input data to derive estimates of other economic measures,
including gross domestic product (GDP) and secondary effects of the travel industry.

ANOTHER YEAR OF MODERATE EXPANSION FOR THE ARIZONA TRAVEL INDUSTRY
The Arizona travel industry had its strongest year of growth in 2014 in almost a decade.
All measures of the industry – spending, employment and visitation were up sharply in
2014. The only decline was in state tax revenue, due to the expiration of the temporary
1 percent tax on May 31, 2013

1
2



Spending. Total direct travel spending in Arizona was $20.9 billion in 2014.
This represents a 5.4 percent increase over the preceding year in current dollars.
In real dollars (adjusted for inflation) Arizona travel spending increased by 4.9
percent. These spending increases are the strongest since the period immediately
preceding the 2008-09 recession.



Travel Activity. Visitor air travel on domestic flights to Arizona destinations
increased by 3.9 percent in 2014 – also the strongest growth since the years
before the recession.1 Room demand increased by 4.5 percent for the year.2



Employment. Direct travel-generated employment was 171,500 in 2014. This
represents an addition of 6,200 jobs, an increase of 3.8 percent. Jobs were
added in all major sectors of the travel industry.



Secondary Impacts. The re-spending of travel-related revenues by businesses
and employees creates secondary impacts. In 2014, the secondary impacts were
147,000 jobs with $6.2 billion in earnings.



GDP. The Gross Domestic Product of the travel industry was $8.3 billion in
2014. The travel industry and the microelectronics industry have been the top
two export-oriented industries in the state in recent years.

U.S. Department of Transportation Origin and Destination Survey.
STR, Inc.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

THE ARIZONA TRAVEL INDUSTRY IS A LEADING EXPORT-ORIENTED INDUSTRY
Travel and tourism is one of the most important “export-oriented” industries in Arizona.
Spending by visitors generates sales in lodging, food services, recreation, transportation
and retail businesses – the “travel industry.” These sales support jobs for Arizona
residents and contribute tax revenue to local and state governments. Travel is especially
important in the non-metropolitan areas of the state, where manufacturing and traded
services are less prevalent.
Selected Arizona Export-Oriented Industries, 2014
Travel

$5.9

Micro-Electronics

$4.6

Aerospace

$3.2

Agric./Food Proc.

$1.7

Mining

$1.3

$0

$1

$2

$3

$4

$5

$6

$7

Earnings in Billions
Note: Preliminary 2014 estimates by Dean Runyan Associates.
Agriculture includes food and beverage processing industries.

THE TRAVEL INDUSTRY GENERATES TAX BENEFITS FOR ARIZONA RESIDENTS
In 2014, the travel industry generated $1,150 in local, state and federal tax receipts for
each Arizona household.


In 2014, more than seven percent of all local and state tax revenues were
generated by the travel industry.



The tax revenue impacts of the Arizona travel industry are relatively more
important in non-urban counties (see graph).
State Transaction Privilege Taxes Generated
By Direct Travel Spending, 2014 FY
Maricopa & Pima

All Other Counties

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

ARIZONA TRAVEL IMPACTS, 1998-2014P
I. U.S. Travel
II. Arizona Travel
Summary of Arizona Travel
Travel Trends
Seasonal and Regional Travel Impacts
Visitor Origin
Arizona Travel Industry Gross Domestic Product
Gross Domestic Product of Arizona Export-Oriented Industries
Direct, Secondary & Total Impacts

III. State and Local Government Revenue
Industry Gross Domestic Product and Taxes
Arizona Tax Structure
Travel Industry Tax Revenue
Summary

IV. Regional Travel Impacts
V. County Travel Impacts
Appendices
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F

2014 Travel Impact Estimates
Key Terms and Definitions
Regional Travel Impact Model
Travel Industry Accounts
Arizona Earnings and Employment by Industry Sector
Secondary Impacts Industry Groups

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

page
1
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
18
18
19
20
21
23
31
53
54
58
59
60
71
72

PAGE I

List of Tables and Figures
page

I. US Travel
Annual Direct Travel Spending in U.S., 2000-2014p
Spending by Foreign and Resident Travelers in U.S.
Foreign Share of U.S. Internal Travel
Overseas Arrivals
Relative Value of Selected Foreign Currencies compared to U.S. Dollar
U.S. Travel Industry Employment
Components of U.S. Travel Industry Employment

2
2
3
3
3
4
4

II. Arizona Travel
Arizona Travel Trends, 1998-2014p
Arizona Direct Travel Spending, Real and Current Dollars
Air Passenger Visitor Arrivals to Arizona, US Air Carriers, 2000-2014
Arizona Lodging Sales, 2000-2014
Regional Shares of Arizona Taxable Lodging Sales, 2014
Taxable Lodging Sales by Region and Quarter, 2014
Arizona Taxable Lodging Sales by Quarter, 2008-2014
Arizona Visitor Spending by Origin of Visitor, 2014p
International Visitor Spending in Arizona, 2000-2014p
Arizona Travel Industry Gross Domestic Product, 2014p
Arizona Gross Domestic Product, 2014 (Selected Export-Oriented Industries)
Total Employment and Earnings Generated by Travel Spending in Arizona, 2014p
Direct & Secondary Employment Generated by Travel Spending, 2014p (graph)
Direct & Secondary Earnings Generated by Travel Spending, 2014p (graph)
Direct & Secondary Employment Generated by Travel Spending, 2014p (table)
Direct & Secondary Earnings Generated by Travel Spending, 2014p (table)
Arizona Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p (detail)

III. State and Local Government Revenue

18

Production & Import Taxes as a Percent of Gross Domestic Product
Arizona State & Local Government Tax Revenues, 2013-14 FY
Arizona Travel Industry State & Local Government Tax Revenues, 2013-14 FY
Arizona State & Local Tax Revenues, 2013-14 FY (table)
State Transaction Privilege Taxes Generated by Travel Spending, 2013 FY (graph)
State Transaction Privilege Taxes Generated by Travel Spending, 2013 FY (table)
State and Local Travel-Generated Tax Revenue per Household
IV. Regional Travel Impacts
Regional Impact Summary Tables
Regional Impact Detail Tables, 2006-2014p

IV. County Travel Impacts

18
19
20
21
21
22
22
23
24-25
26

31

Distribution of Travel-Generated Employment, 2014p
Percent of Total Area Employment that is Travel-Generated, 2014p
Travel-Generated Employment and Earnings Shares by County, 2014p
County Impact Summary Tables
County Impact Detail Tables, 2006-2014p

PAGE II

7
8
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
11
12
13
15
15
16
16
17

32
33
34
35-39
39-52

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PREFACE
The purpose of this study is to document the economic significance of the travel
industry in Arizona from 1998 to 2014. These findings show the level of travel
spending by visitors traveling to and within the state, and the impact this spending
had on the economy in terms of earnings, employment and tax revenue.
Dean Runyan Associates prepared this study for the Arizona Office of Tourism.
Dean Runyan Associates has specialized in research and planning services for the
travel, tourism and recreation industry since 1984. With respect to economic
impact analysis, the firm developed and currently maintains the Regional Travel
Impact Model (RTIM), a proprietary computer model for analyzing travel economic
impacts at the state, regional and local level. Dean Runyan Associates also has
extensive experience in project feasibility analysis, market evaluation, survey
research and travel and tourism planning.
Many individuals and organizations provided data and assistance for this report.
State agencies include the Department of Revenue, Department of Commerce,
Gaming Commission and State Parks. Information was also provided by the College
of Business and Public Administration at the University of Arizona and the School of
Hotel and Restaurant Management at Northern Arizona University. Federal
agencies that provided essential data for this report include the Bureau of Economic
Analysis, the Department of Labor, the Department of Transportation, the U.S.
Forest Service, and the National Park Service.
Special thanks are due to Melissa Elkins, Research Manager for the Arizona Office of
Tourism. Without her support and assistance, this report would not have been
possible.
Dean Runyan Associates
833 SW 11th Ave., Suite 920
Portland, OR 97205
(503) 226-2973
info@deanrunyan.com
www.deanrunyan.com

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE III

This page intentionally blank

I. U.S. TRAVEL

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 1

The national level data in this section focuses on visitor spending trends in current and real
dollars, resident and foreign visitor spending in the U.S., and trends in travel-generated
employment.
The following two graphs are derived from the Bureau of Economic Analysis Travel and
Tourism Satellite Accounts.1 Both graphs show direct tourism output for the United States
– spending by resident and foreign visitors.

Annual Direct Travel Spending in U.S., 2000-14p
$1,000

Output (Billions)

$900

Real

$800
$700
Current

$600

$500
$400
00

02

04

06

08

10

12

14p

Spending by Foreign* and Resident
Travelers in U.S.
(Current Dollars; Year 2000=100)

Output (Year 2000 = 100)

180

Foreign

160
140

Resident

120
100

80
60
00

02

04

06

08

10

12

14p

*Note: Foreign visitor spending does not include
expenditures on health and educational services or
expenditures by short term seasonal workers.

1

Spending by resident and
foreign visitors was $894
billion in 2014 in current
dollars. This represents a
4.5 percent increase over
2013. When adjusted
for changes in prices
(real dollars), spending
increased by 2.5 percent
from 2013 to 2014 –
compared to a 3.6
percent increase from
2012 to 2013.

The bottom chart
compares the change in
current dollar spending
by resident and foreign
visitors since 2000. In
2014, the increase in
spending by resident
visitors (5.1 percent)
exceeded the increase in
foreign visitor spending
(1.0 percent). This is the
first time that resident
spending growth was
greater than foreign since
the 2008-09 recesssion.

See http://www.bea.gov/industry/index.htm#satellite.

PAGE 2

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

The top left chart shows that the foreign share of U.S. internal travel declined in 2014
because of the lower rate of growth of foreign visitor spending (shown in preceding chart).2
However, as the graph on the right indicates, overseas arrivals to the U.S. (34.4 million in
2014) continued to increase – 7.4 percent in 2014, following a 7.6 percent increase in
2013. Rather, much of the explanation for the declining foreign share of internal travel in
the U.S. is due to the increasing value of U.S. currency (see bottom left chart). As the value
of foreign currencies fall relative to the U.S. dollar, foreign visitors have less money to
spend on U.S. goods and services.

Foreign Share of U.S.
Internal Travel Spending

Overseas Arrivals (Millions)
40

18%

35

16%

30

Other
Latin America
Europe
Asia

25

14%

20
12%

15

10%

10
5

8%
00

02

04

06

08

10

12

14p

0
00

02

04

06

08

10

12

14

Relative Value of Selected Foreign
Currencies compared to U.S. Dollar
Monthly Averages, 2014

Sources:
Foreign Share of U.S Internal Travel: Bureau
of Economic Analysis Travel & Tourism
Satellite Accounts and International
Transactions.

105

100
China

95
Canada
90

Euro

Overseas Arrivals: Office of Travel and
Tourism Industries, U.S. Department of
Commerce.
Relative Value of Selected Foreign
Currencies: USForex, Inc.
(www.usforex.com)

Japan
85
JAN

2

JUN

DEC

Internal travel does not include spending on international airfares to U.S carriers.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 3

The following two graphs show employment trends since 2000. The first graph shows that
travel-generated employment has increased at a steady rate since 2010, although it is still
below the level attained prior to the 2008-09 recession. The second graph shows the
employment trends of different types of businesses within the travel industry. The only
industry that has exhibited substantial growth has been food services.

U.S. Travel Industry Employment

Employment (Millions)

6.0
5.8
5.6

Source: Bureau of
Economic Analysis
Travel & Tourism
Satellite Accounts.

5.4
5.2
5.0
4.8

4.6
4.4
00

02

04

06

08

10

12

14p

Components of U.S. Travel
Industry Employment
7

Employment (Millions)

6
5
4

1.38

1.11

1.07

1.26

1.11

0.98

1.63

1.71

1.83

1

1.39

1.37

1.40

2000

2008

2014p

Transportation

Rec., Entertain., Shopping

3
2

All other industries

Food Services
Accommodations

0

PAGE 4

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

II. ARIZONA TRAVEL

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 5

The multi-billion dollar travel industry in Arizona is an important part of the state and local
economies. The industry is represented primarily by businesses in the leisure and
hospitality sector, transportation, and retail. The money that visitors spend on various
goods and services while in Arizona produces business receipts at these firms, which in
turn generate earnings and employment for Arizona residents. In addition, state and local
governments collect taxes that are generated from visitor spending. Most of these taxes are
imposed on the sale of goods and services to visitors, thus avoiding a tax burden on local
residents.
The economic impacts directly generated by visitor spending also contribute to significant
secondary impacts. A portion of the business receipts generated by visitor spending is
spent by businesses within Arizona for other goods and services (indirect impacts). Visitor
generated earnings are also spent by employees for goods and services produced in
Arizona (induced impacts).

SUMMARY OF ARIZONA TRAVEL


Total direct travel spending in Arizona was $20.9 billion in 2014. This represents a
5.4 percent increase over the preceding year in current dollars. In real dollars
(adjusted for inflation) Arizona travel spending increased by 4.9 percent. These
spending increases are the strongest since the period immediately preceding the
2008-09 recession.



Lodging sales increased by 9.1 percent in 2014 following a 4.1 percent increase the
preceding year. The growth in room sales was equally attributable to increased
room rates and room demand (STR, Inc.).



Visitor air travel on domestic flights to Arizona destinations increased by 3.9 percent
in 2014 – also the strongest growth since the years before the recession. Visitor air
arrivals to the state were essentially flat from 2010 through 2013.



Direct travel-generated employment was 171,500 in 2014. This represents an
addition of 6,200 jobs, an increase of 3.8 percent. Jobs were added in all major
sectors of the travel industry. (See detailed employment estimates, page 17.)



The Gross Domestic Product of the travel industry was $8.3 billion in 2014. The
travel industry and the microelectronics industry have been the top two exportoriented industries in the state in recent years.



The re-spending of travel-related revenues by businesses and employees creates
secondary impacts. In 2014, the secondary impacts were 147,000 jobs with $6.2
billion in earnings.

PAGE 6

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

TRAVEL TRENDS
The Arizona travel industry had its strongest year of growth in 2014 in almost a decade.
All measures of the industry – spending, employment and visitation were up sharply in
2014. Total direct travel spending increased by 5.4 percent (4.9 percent in real dollars, see
next page). Employment increased by 3.8 percent, as jobs were added in all industry
sectors (see detailed impact table, page 16). The only decline was in state tax revenue due to
the expiration of the temporary 1 percent tax on May 31, 2013.1

Arizona Travel Trends, 1998-2014p
Spending
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014p

Earnings Employment

($Billion)

($Billion)

(Thousand)

11.9
12.7
13.7
13.2
13.2
14.1
15.2
16.9
17.9
18.2
18.1
16.6
17.8
18.8
19.5
19.9
20.9

3.4
3.6
3.9
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.6
5.0
5.2
5.1
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.9

153.4
158.5
160.7
152.7
151.9
155.1
159.2
165.9
169.6
169.2
166.6
157.7
156.0
158.8
162.6
165.3
171.5

6.3
3.5

3.8
0.7

Tax Revenue1 ($Million)
Local
State Federal
481
467
752
521
500
805
549
534
854
514
534
783
524
561
801
556
591
844
589
632
918
652
694
987
705
728 1,054
721
736 1,102
698
709 1,083
667
686 1,045
689
740 1,080
717
803 1,028
725
827 1,058
722
808 1,170
737
798 1,240

Total
1,700
1,826
1,937
1,831
1,887
1,991
2,139
2,332
2,488
2,559
2,491
2,398
2,509
2,548
2,609
2,699
2,774

Annual Percentage Change
13-14p
98-14p

5.4
3.6

2.1
2.7

-1.3
3.4

6.0
3.2

2.8
3.1

Note: Estimates for 2014p are preliminary. These direct travel impacts do not include secondary
(indirect and induced) impacts. One-way visitor airfares are included. Total earnings include wage
and salary disbursements, other earned income and proprietor income. Employment includes fulland part-time payroll employees and self-employed.

1

State tax revenue would have increased by 3.4 percent had there been no rate change. Local tax revenue
would also have increased by 3.4 percent because of revenue sharing. The effect was even more
pronounced because of the seasonality of the Arizona travel industry, as the temporary tax expired after the
peak travel season in 2013.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 7

Arizona Direct Travel Spending
Real and Current Dollars
2000-2014p

Travel Spending (Billions)

$22
Real

$20

Current

$18

$16
$14
$12
$10
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14p

In real dollars (adjusted for
inflation) Arizona travel
spending increased by 4.9
percent over 2013 –
compared to a 1.5 percent
increase in the preceding
year. The only significant
price increase was room rates
(5.0 percent, STR, Inc).
Sources: STR, Inc., Energy Information
Administration, U.S. Department of
Transportation Origin and Destination
Survey, and Bureau of Labor Statistics
CPI-West Urban.

Air Passenger Visitor Arrivals to Arizona
U.S. Air Carriers, 2000-2014

Visitor air arrivals to Arizona
increased by 3.9 percent from
2013 to 2014 – the strongest
rate of growth since before the
recession.

Visitor Air Arrivals (Millions)

8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5

Sources: U.S. Department of
Transportation Origin and Destination
Survey and Dean Runyan Associates.

6.0
5.5
5.0
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

Arizona Taxable Lodging Sales
2000-2014

Taxable Lodging Sales (Billions)

$2.6
$2.4
$2.2

$2.0
$1.8
$1.6

$1.4

Lodging sales is another
indicator of the strength of the
travel industry as it reflects the
profitability of one of its key
sectors. Taxable lodging sales
increased by 9.1 percent
annually from 2013 to 2014 –
following a 4.1 percent
increase the preceding year.
About one-half of this increase
was due to increased room
rates.

$1.2
$1.0
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

PAGE 8

Sources: Arizona Department of
Revenue and STR, Inc.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

SEASONAL AND REGIONAL TRAVEL IMPACTS
Lodging sales are used in this section
to document seasonal patterns in the
Arizona tourism industry. (Lodging
sales are used because travel
spending and related impacts are
estimated only on a calendar year
basis.)
The pie chart shows the annual
distribution of lodging sales by
region. The lodging sales of the
Phoenix and Central Arizona region
are greater than the four other regions
combined.
(The Northern Arizona region includes Apache,
Coconino and Navajo counties. The West Coast
region includes La Paz, Mohave and Yuma
counties. The North Central region includes Gila
and Yavapai counties. The Phoenix and Central
Arizona region includes Maricopa and Pinal
counties. The Tucson and Southern Arizona
region includes Cochise, Graham, Greenlee, Pima
and Santa Cruz counties.)

Regional Shares of Arizona Taxable
Lodging Sales, 2014
West Coast
4.1%
North
Central
5.6%

Northern Tucson &
14.0% Southern
15.3%
Phoenix &
Central
61.0%

Taxable Lodging Sales by Region
and Quarter, 2014
Northern
West Coast
North Central
Phoenix & Central

Lodging sales are greatest in the first
quarter for three of Arizona’s tourism
regions – the West Coast, Phoenix
and Tucson. By contrast, spring and
summer quarters are most important
for the Northern and North Central
regions.
The bottom column chart provides a
statewide quarterly breakout of
lodging sales in two year increments
beginning in 2008. (Lodging sales in
2008 were about 5 percent less than
the peak year of 2007.) Lodging sales
have rebounded in all four quarters.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Tucson & Southern
0%

Jan-Mar

20%

40%

Apr-Jun

60%

80%

Jul-Sep

100%

Oct-Dec

Arizona Taxable Lodging Sales by
Quarter, 2008-2014 (Millions)
$1,000
$800
Millions

The next two graphs provide quarterly
breakouts for the regions and the
state.

$600

$400
$200
$0
Jan-Mar

Apr-Jun

2008

2010

Jul-Sep

2012

Oct-Dec

2014

Source: Arizona Department of
Revenue taxable hotel/motel sales.

PAGE 9

VISITOR ORIGIN
Out-of-state travelers generate more than three-fourths of the visitor impacts in Arizona.
Visitors from other states are the largest segment (more than 60 percent of spending), while
international travel, including day travel from Mexico, comprises approximately 17 percent
of visitor impacts.

Arizona Travel Impacts by Origin of Visitor, 2014p
Origin

Spending

Earnings Employment

Tax Receipts ($ Million)

($ Billion)

($ Billion)

(Thousand)

Local/State

Federal

3.9
11.2
3.1
18.2
2.7
20.9

0.9
3.3
0.6
4.8
1.0
5.9

31.5
102.9
21.9
156.3
15.3
171.5

318
968
224
1,511
24
1,534

193
765
113
1,071
169
1,240

Arizona
Other U.S.
International
All Visitors
Other Travel
Total Travel

Sources: Dean Runyan Associates, International Trade Administration and Bureau of Economic
Analysis (U.S. Dept. of Commerce), TNS TravelsAmerica visitor survey, Statistics Canada, Vera
Pavlakovich-Kochi and Alberta H. Charney, “Mexican Visitors to Arizona: Visitor Characteristics and
Economic Impacts, 2007-08” (Karl Eller College of Business and Public Administration, University of
Arizona) and Bureau of Transportation Statistics Border Crossing/Entry Data.

International Visitor Spending in Arizona, 2000-2014p

International Share

Spending in Real (2014) Dollars
20%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%

Share

$3.4

Spend

$3.2

$3.0
$2.8
$2.6

$2.4
$2.2
$2.0
00

02

04

06

08

10

12

14p

Sources: See above chart for source of international estimates. See first
graph on preceding page for constant dollar estimates. Constant dollar
visitor spending does not include “Other Travel.”

PAGE 10

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

ARIZONA TRAVEL INDUSTRY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
In concept, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a particular industry is equal to gross
output (sales or receipts) minus intermediate inputs (the goods and services purchased from
other industries). GDP is always smaller than output or sales because GDP measures only
the “value added” of an industry and does not include the cost of the inputs that are also
necessary to produce a good or service. Alternatively, GDP can be thought of as the sum
of earnings, indirect business taxes (primarily excise and property taxes) and other
operating surplus (including profits). Estimates of travel spending and travel industry GDP
are shown in the chart below. Arizona travel industry GDP amounted to $8.3 billion in
2014. Arizona travel industry GDP has represented slightly less than 3.0 percent of total
state GDP in recent years.
About 60 percent of all travel spending in Arizona is attributed to intermediate inputs and
goods resold at retail. Intermediate inputs cover a range of goods and services that are
purchased by travel industry businesses for the purpose of creating a product or service for
the traveler. For example, lodging establishments purchase cable television services.
Restaurants purchase food and beverages from vendors. In both cases, these inputs are
classified as the GDP of other industries. In addition, travel spending occurs at many retail
establishments where the goods purchased from the retailer are purchased as finished
goods from suppliers. These resold goods are also counted as products of other industries.
This would include motor fuel, groceries and most of the commodities sold at retail
establishments.2
Arizona Travel Industry Gross Domestic Product, 2014p
$25
$20
Billions

$12.6 Inputs
$15

12.6

$2.4 Surplus & Taxes

$10
$5
$0

$5.9 Earnings

5.9

5.9

2.4

2.4

Spending ($20.9)

GDP ($8.3)

Sources: Dean Runyan Associates, Bureau of Economic
Analysis, and Minnesota Implan Group. Details may
not add to totals due to rounding.

2

About 38 percent of the $12.6 billion of inputs and goods resold are purchased from other Arizona
businesses.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 11

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF ARIZONA EXPORT-ORIENTED INDUSTRIES
Export-oriented industries are those industries that primarily market their products and
services to other regions, states or nations. 3 Agriculture, mining, and manufacturing are
the best examples of export-oriented industries. Clearly, there are cases in each of these
three sectors where the products are sold within the local or regional market. Nonetheless,
in general most businesses within these industries depend on export markets. The travel
industry is also an export-oriented industry because goods and services are sold to visitors,
rather than residents. The travel industry injects money into the local economy, as do the
exports of other industries.
Exports are not necessarily more important than locally traded goods and services.
However, diverse export-oriented industries in any economy are a source of strength – in
part because they generate income that contributes to the development of other local
services and amenities. Such industries characterize the “comparative advantage” of the
local economy within larger regional, national and global markets. A comparison of the
GDP’s of the leading export-oriented industries in Arizona is shown below.

2014 GDP of Major Arizona Export
Industries
Agric./Food Proc.
Mining
Micro-Electronics
Aerospace
Travel
$0

$2

$4

$6

$8

$10

Gross Domestic Product (Billions)

Sources: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics
and Dean Runyan Associates. 2014 estimates for non-travel
industries based on 2013 GDP and 2014 earnings and payroll.

3

See also pages 55 of Appendix A and page 67 of Appendix D.

PAGE 12

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

DIRECT, SECONDARY AND TOTAL IMPACTS
Travel spending within Arizona brings money into many Arizona communities in the form
of business receipts. Portions of these receipts are spent within the state for labor and
supplies. Employees, in turn, spend a portion of their earnings on goods and services in
the state. This re-spending of travel-related revenues creates indirect and induced impacts.
To summarize:


Direct impacts represent the employment and earnings attributable to travel
expenditures made directly by travelers at businesses throughout the state.



Indirect impacts represent the employment and earnings associated with industries
that supply goods and services to the direct businesses (i.e., those that receive
money directly from travelers throughout the state).



Induced impacts represent the employment and earnings that result from purchases
for food, housing, transportation, recreation, and other goods and services made by
travel industry employees, and the employees of the indirectly affected industries.

Total Employment and Earnings Generated by
Travel Spending in Arizona, 2014p
Employment (Thousands)

Induced
108.2

Indirect
39.2

Earnings (Billions)

Induced
$4.5

Direct
171.5

Direct
$5.9

Indirect
$1.7

Note: Indirect and induced impacts estimated by Dean Runyan Associates
with Minnesota IMPLAN model. Total employment was 319,000. The
employment multiplier for 2014 is 1.86 (319.0/171.5). Total earnings were
$12.1 billion. The earnings multiplier is 2.05 ($12.1/$5.9).

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 13

The impacts in this section are presented in terms of the employment and earnings of
eleven major industry groups. These industry groups are similar, but not identical to the
business service (or commodity) categories presented elsewhere in this report. (The
specific industries that comprise these major groups are listed in Appendix D.) Direct
travel impacts, such as those discussed in the first part of this section and the regional and
county impacts presented elsewhere in this report are found in the following industry
groups:


Accommodations & Food Services



Arts, Entertainment and Recreation



Retail Trade



Transportation

As is indicated in the following tables and graphs, the total direct employment and earnings
of these four industry groups is identical to the total direct employment and earnings
shown in the first part of this section. The only difference is that these industry groups
represent industry groupings (firms) rather than commodity or business service groupings.
The indirect and induced impacts of travel spending are found in all eleven-industry
groupings shown in the following tables and graphs. To summarize the primary secondary
impacts:


Professional Services (32,000 jobs and $1.9 billion earnings). Legal, medical,
educational and other professional services are utilized by travel businesses (indirect
effect) and by employees of these firms (induced effect).



Other Services (13,000 jobs and $421 million earnings). Employees of travelrelated businesses purchase services from various providers, such as dry cleaners
and repair shops. Similarly, travel businesses utilize a number of service providers,
such as laundry, maintenance and business services.



Government (24,000 jobs and $1.4 billion earnings). Employees of travel-related
businesses pay fees to attend public educational institutions and to operate motor
vehicles.



Finance, Insurance and Real Estate (11,000 jobs and $547 million earnings).
Employees and businesses use the services of financial institutions, insurers and real
estate businesses.

PAGE 14

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Direct and Secondary Employment
Generated by Travel Spending in Arizona, 2014p
Accomm. & Food Serv.
Arts, Entertain., Rec.
Transportation
Retail Trade
Prof. Services
Government
Other Services
Finance, Ins., & Real…
Construction
Mining & Manufacturing
Agric.& Food Processing

Direct

0

20

Secondary

40

60

80

100

Direct and Secondary Employment (Thousands)

Direct and Secondary Earnings
Generated by Travel Spending in Arizona, 2014p
Accomm. & Food Serv.
Transportation
Prof. Services
Government
Arts, Entertain., Rec.
Construction
Retail Trade
Finance, Ins., & Real Estate
Other Services
Mining & Manufacturing
Agric.& Food Processing

Direct

$0.0

$0.5

$1.0

Secondary

$1.5

$2.0

$2.5

$3.0

Direct and Secondary Earnings (Billions)
See notes at end of table on page 20.

Detailed estimates are reported in the following table. It should be emphasized that the
estimates of indirect and induced impacts reported here apply to the entire state of Arizona
and do not necessarily reflect economic patterns for individual counties, regions or subregions within the state. While total economic impacts can be calculated on a county or
regional level, such a detailed analysis is not included in this study. In general, geographic
areas with lower levels of aggregate economic activity will have smaller secondary impacts
within those same geographic boundaries.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 15

Direct & Secondary Visitor-Generated Employment in Arizona, 2014p
(thousand jobs)

Industry Group
Accomm. & Food Serv.
Arts, Entertain., Rec.
Transportation
Retail Trade
Prof. Services
Government
Other Services
Finance, Ins., & Real Estate
Construction
Mining & Manufacturing
Agric.& Food Processing
All Industries

Direct
89
39
29
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
172

Secondary
Indirect Induced
4
9
6
2
5
4
3
18
8
24
1
23
5
8
4
7
1
10
1
2
1
1
39
108

Total
13
8
9
21
32
24
13
11
11
4
2
147

Grand
Total
101
47
38
37
32
24
13
11
11
4
2
319

Direct & Secondary Visitor-Generated Earnings in Arizona, 2014p
($ Million)

Industry Group
Accomm. & Food Serv.
Transportation
Prof. Services
Government
Arts, Entertain., Rec.
Construction
Retail Trade
Finance, Ins., & Real Estate
Other Services
Mining & Manufacturing
Agric.& Food Processing
All Industries

Direct
2,451
1,886
0
0
1,058
0
484
0
0
0
0
5,878

Secondary
Indirect Induced
79
179
134
40
567
1,356
92
1,286
214
60
53
613
14
153
191
356
203
219
119
195
35
39
1,700
4,495

Total
259
174
1,923
1,378
274
665
167
547
421
313
73
6,195

Grand
Total
2,710
2,060
1,923
1,378
1,332
665
650
547
421
313
73
12,073

Source: Dean Runyan Associates and Minnesota Implan Group.
Note: These industry groups are not equivalent to the categories used in the direct impact tables used in this
report. See Appendix D. Details may not add to totals due to rounding.

Detailed direct travel impacts for 2006 through 2014p are shown on the following page.

PAGE 16

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Arizona Direct Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014p
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Billion)
Destination Spending
15.8 16.0 15.7 16.7 17.1 17.4
18.2
Other Travel*
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.1
2.4
2.5
2.7
Total Direct Spending
17.9 18.1 17.8 18.8 19.5 19.9
20.9
Visitor Spending by Type of Traveler Accommodation ($Billion)
Hotel, Motel
7.7
7.3
7.0
7.4
7.7
7.9
8.4
Private Home
3.5
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.4
Campground
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
Vacation Home
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
Day Travel
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.8
3.8
4.0
Destination Spending
15.8 16.0 15.7 16.7 17.1 17.4
18.2
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Billion)
Accommodations
2.8
2.7
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.9
Food Service
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
4.0
Food Stores
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
Local Tran. & Gas
2.8
3.2
3.1
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.7
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
Retail Sales
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
Visitor Air Tran.
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.8
Destination Spending
15.8 16.0 15.7 16.7 17.1 17.4
18.2
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Billion)
Accom. & Food Serv.
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.5
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
Retail**
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Ground Tran.
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
Visitor Air Tran.
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
Other Travel*
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.0
Total Direct Earnings
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.9
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Thousand Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
83.7 83.4 80.2 82.2 83.3 85.9
88.6
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
38.7 37.4 35.6 35.7 36.6 37.3
38.7
Retail**
19.7 20.0 16.9 16.8 16.6 16.8
17.5
Ground Tran.
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
Visitor Air Tran.
8.2
7.9
7.1
7.4
7.5
7.2
7.6
Other Travel*
15.5 14.4 12.8 13.2 14.9 14.3
15.3
Total Direct Employment
169.6 166.6 156.0 158.8 162.6 165.3 171.5
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
705
698
689
717
725
722
737
State Tax Receipts
728
709
740
803
827
808
798
Federal Tax Receipts
1,054 1,083 1,080 1,028 1,058 1,170 1,240
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
2,488 2,491 2,509 2,548 2,609 2,699 2,774
Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes resident air travel, travel arrangement & reservation services, and convention & trade
organizers. **Retail includes gasoline.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 17

III. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE
This section is concerned with the contribution of the Arizona travel industry to state and
local government finance. The first part of the report compares the travel industry to
various other sectors of the state economy. The remainder provides an overview of state
and local finance and the revenue contribution of the travel industry.

INDUSTRY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND TAXES
One way to consider the tax contributions of various sectors of the economy is to express
the tax payments of businesses to government as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product.
The bar chart and accompanying table show these tax payments (taxes on production and
imports or TOPI) for a sample of goods-producing and service sectors in the state, including
travel. TOPI include most of the taxes paid by the business firm to local, state and federal
governments except for income taxes. This includes property taxes, licenses and fees and
the sales and excise taxes collected from consumers. It is because of these later taxes that
retail trade and travel have relatively high proportions of tax payments in relation to their
gross domestic products.
Production & Import Taxes as a Percent of Gross Domestic Product
Selected Arizona Industry Sectors, 2013 Calendar Year
Sources: Bureau of
Economic Analysis and
Dean Runyan Associates.

Construction
Health Care

Manufacturing
*TOPI denotes taxes on
production and imports,
less subsidies.

Retail
Travel
All Industries
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

GDP & TOPI expressed in
$Million.

Percent of Gross Domestic Product

Construction
Health Care
Manufacturing
Retail
Travel
All Industries

PAGE 18

GDP
12,709
22,285
23,168
20,683
7,660
274,734

*TOPI
293
463
791
4,812
1,241
18,319

Percent
2.3%
2.1%
3.4%
23.3%
16.2%
6.7%

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

The remainder of this report will focus on the travel industry and the specific tax
contributions made to state and local government in Arizona. In addition to the taxes on
production discussed in the previous section, the tax payments of travel industry
employees derived from the income earned from travel industry businesses will be
included.1 The three primary sources of tax revenue generated by the travel industry are:


Sales tax receipts generated by visitor spending. This includes local and state sales
taxes, lodging taxes, alcoholic beverage taxes, motor vehicle rental taxes and motor
fuel taxes.



Taxes paid by travel industry businesses attributable to travel generated business
receipts (property and income taxes).



Taxes paid by travel industry employees attributable to travel generated earnings
(sales and property taxes).

ARIZONA TAX STRUCTURE
The pie chart below, adapted from the Bureau of the Census’ State and Local Government
Finance and other data sources, shows the main categories of tax revenue in Arizona.
Approximately one-half of all tax revenue is derived from sales and gross receipts taxes.
Property taxes, paid primarily by homeowners and businesses to local governments,
constitute more than one-fourth of all tax revenue.2 Income taxes constitute about one-fifth
of all tax revenue.
Arizona State and Local Government Tax Revenues
2013-14 Fiscal Year (Billions)

Sales &
Gross
Receipts
$10.4
49%

Property
$6.1
28%
Income
$4.0
19%

License &
Other
$0.8
4%

Sources: The 2013-14 fiscal year estimates
of state and local tax revenues in Arizona
were prepared by Dean Runyan Associates
from various sources, including the Bureau
of the Census (State and Local Government
Finance), the Arizona Department of
Revenue, the Bureau of Economic Analysis
and a selection of annual financial reports
for cities and counties. Sales and gross
receipts taxes include the state privilege tax,
local sales taxes and a variety of selective
taxes, such as those on motor fuel and
lodging.

1

In effect, this means re-allocating some of the sales and excise payments made by other industries to the
travel industry because the payments are ultimately made by consumers that earned their income in the travel
industry.
2
Businesses pay 68 percent of all property taxes in Arizona according the Tax Foundation (Fiscal Fact No.
342, November 21, 2012).

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 19

TRAVEL INDUSTRY TAX REVENUE
The distribution of taxes generated by the travel industry for the 2013-14 fiscal year is
shown in the following pie chart. The categories are the same as the preceding figure, with
the exception that sales tax receipts are also distinguished between those that are generated
by visitor spending and those that are generated by the spending of travel industry
employees.
Arizona Travel Industry State and Local Government Tax Revenues
2013-14 Fiscal Year
(Million)

Income
$120
8%

Property
$140
9%

Other
$50
3%

Employee
Sales
$210
14%

Visitor Sales
$1,010
66%

Source: Dean Runyan Associates. “Other” travel-generated tax revenue includes
gaming taxes and passenger facility charges for visitors who travel to Arizona airports.

Whereas slightly about one-half of all state and local tax revenue in Arizona was
attributable to sales tax collections in the 2013-14 fiscal year, 80 percent of all travel
industry tax revenue was attributable to sales tax receipts from visitors (66 percent) and the
purchases of employees in the travel industry (14 percent).
Travel industry state and local tax revenues are compared to total Arizona state and local
tax revenues in the following table. Because the travel industry generates a relatively high
proportion of sales tax revenues, it is associated with proportionately more tax revenues
than would be expected given the size of the industry, as measured by earnings or gross
domestic product. Whereas the earnings and GDP of the travel industry are in the range of
two and one-half percent of the state totals, travel industry tax revenues represent 7.2
percent of all state and local tax revenues in Arizona. This is consistent with the initial
analysis that compared different industries within the state.

PAGE 20

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Arizona State and Local Tax Revenues
2013-14 Fiscal Year
($Million)

Travel
Generated
$1,230
$120
$140
$50
$1,540

Total
$4,010
$10,430
$6,090
$840
$21,370

Sales & Gross Receipts
Income
Property
License & Other
Total Tax Receipts

Percent
Travel
30.6%
1.2%
2.3%
5.8%
7.2%

Source: Dean Runyan Associates and Bureau of the Census, State and Local
Government Finance.

SUMMARY
This analysis of the tax revenue generated by the Arizona travel industry can be
summarized as follows:


The Arizona travel industry contributes more tax revenue to state and local
governments than would be expected based on the size of the industry. Whereas
the gross domestic product and employee earnings represent about three percent of
the state economy, the travel industry generated 7.2 percent of tax revenue in the
2014 fiscal year.



Eighty percent of all travel-generated tax revenue is attributable to sales and gross
receipts taxes. The travel industry share of the state total is more than 30 percent.
Not only are most travel industry goods and services taxed, but a large share of
these commodities (lodging and motor fuel) are taxed at rates that are greater than
the general sales tax.



A majority of these tax revenues are borne by visitors who reside in other states and
countries.



The tax impacts of the travel industry are generally greater for the less urbanized
counties in the state, as illustrated in the graph below.
State Transaction Privilege Taxes Generated
By Direct Travel Spending, 2014 FY
Source: Arizona
Department of
Revenue and
Dean Runyan
Associates.
Graph derived
from table on
following page.

Maricopa & Pima

All Other Counties

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

The revenue contributions of Arizona’s fifteen counties are detailed in the following two
tables.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 21

State Transaction Privilege Taxes Generated
by Travel Spending, FY 2014
($Millions)

Total
Apache
Cochise
Coconino
Gila
Graham/Greenlee
La Paz
Maricopa
Mohave
Navajo
Pima
Pinal
Santa Cruz
Yavapai
Yuma
Arizona

Travel

15.1
72.3
127.0
33.2
56.5
13.4
3,511.9
128.8
68.5
705.0
144.4
28.0
150.0
120.2
5,174.1

3.2
11.2
38.0
5.8
2.9
3.1
302.0
15.2
9.4
78.9
17.6
8.3
20.0
16.8
532.3

Percent
21.0%
15.5%
29.9%
17.5%
11.9%
22.9%
8.6%
11.8%
13.8%
11.2%
12.2%
29.5%
13.3%
13.9%
10.3%

State and Local Travel-Generated Tax Revenue per Household
2014 Calendar Year

Apache
Cochise
Coconino
Gila
Graham/Greenlee
La Paz
Maricopa
Mohave
Navajo
Pima
Pinal
Santa Cruz
Yavapai
Yuma
Arizona

PAGE 22

Tax Revenue (Millions)
Local
State
Total
$4.3
$5.2
$9.5
$17.2
$16.9
$34.1
$45.3
$46.8
$92.1
$7.2
$11.7
$18.9
$2.9
$4.1
$7.0
$4.5
$5.9
$10.3
$484.0
$462.1
$946.1
$16.5
$23.6
$40.1
$11.1
$13.6
$24.7
$74.3
$110.8
$185.1
$17.3
$28.0
$45.4
$7.9
$11.0
$18.9
$24.7
$31.2
$55.9
$19.5
$26.7
$46.2
$736.7
$797.6
$1,534.3

Households
(Thousands)

23.2
50.8
48.3
22.1
15.0
9.3
1,501.9
85.0
36.1
400.1
128.6
15.5
94.4
67.2
2,497.6

Tax Revenue
per Household
$410
$670
$1,910
$850
$520
$1,110
$630
$470
$690
$460
$350
$1,220
$590
$690
$610

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

IV: REGIONAL TRAVEL IMPACTS
1998-2014P

NORTHERN
ARIZONA

WEST
COAST
ARIZONA
NORTH
CENTRAL
ARIZONA

PHOENIX & CENTRAL
ARIZONA

TICSON & SOUTHERN
ARIZONA

The Northern Arizona region includes Apache, Coconino and Navajo counties.
West Coast Arizona includes La Paz, Mohave and Yuma counties. North Central
Arizona includes Gila and Yavapai counties. Phoenix and Central Arizona includes
Maricopa and Pinal counties. Tucson and Southern Arizona includes Cochise,
Graham, Greenlee, Pima and Santa Cruz counties.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 23

2014p Arizona Regional Travel Impacts
Travel Spending
Total
Visitor
Northern Arizona
West Coast Arizona
North Central Arizona
Phoenix & Central Arizona
Tucson & Southern Arizona
Arizona

Earnings

Related Travel-Generated Impacts
Employment Local Taxes State Taxes

Total Taxes

($Million)

($Million)

($Million)

(jobs)

($Million)

($Million)

($Million)

1,548
1,390
1,024
13,326
3,635
20,923

1,444
1,239
945
10,082
2,994
18,211

431
315
249
4,098
785
5,878

16,770
13,180
10,750
100,150
30,690
171,540

61
40
32
501
102
737

66
56
43
490
143
798

126
97
75
991
245
1,534

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
The sum of regional visitor spending is less than statewide visitor spending because a portion of ground transportation is allocated to “other
travel” at the regional level.

Arizona Regional Total Travel Spending, 1998-2014p
($ Millions)
Annual Percent Chg.

Northern Arizona
West Coast Arizona
North Central Arizona
Phoenix & Central Arizona
Tucson & Southern Arizona
Arizona

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014p
919 1,058
998 1,092 1,248 1,293 1,386 1,261 1,339 1,412 1,484 1,507 1,548
795
908
958 1,065 1,233 1,232 1,280 1,229 1,263 1,332 1,352 1,371 1,390
570
689
694
742
884
914
915
831
876
924
974
992 1,024
7,216 8,362 7,834 9,276 11,136 11,418 11,261 10,155 11,097 11,871 12,219 12,557 13,326
2,355 2,718 2,733 3,038 3,406 3,391 3,299 3,102 3,207 3,266 3,461 3,428 3,635
11,854 13,735 13,216 15,215 17,907 18,247 18,142 16,577 17,781 18,805 19,490 19,855 20,923

13-14p
2.8
1.3
3.2
6.1
6.0
5.4

98-14p
3.3
3.6
3.7
3.9
2.8
3.6

Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Percentages calculated on unrounded numbers.

PAGE 24

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Arizona Regional Travel-Generated Earnings, 1998-2014p
($ Millions)
Annual Percent Chg.

Northern Arizona
West Coast Arizona
North Central Arizona
Phoenix & Central Arizona
Tucson & Southern Arizona
Arizona

1998
257
195
155
2,268
506
3,380

2000
289
216
184
2,627
579
3,895

2002
277
234
188
2,510
603
3,811

2004
300
254
195
2,904
649
4,303

2006
333
292
231
3,405
719
4,981

2007
362
297
246
3,573
733
5,212

2008
392
309
246
3,462
711
5,120

2009
366
308
227
3,290
685
4,876

2010
375
297
221
3,401
679
4,973

2011
385
300
219
3,591
684
5,180

2012
402
301
232
3,714
743
5,393

2013 2014p
414
431
309
315
242
249
3,835 4,098
730
785
5,529 5,878

13-14p
4.1
1.8
3.2
6.9
7.6
6.3

98-14p
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.8
2.8
3.5

Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Percentages calculated on unrounded numbers.

Arizona Regional Travel-Generated Employment, 1998-2014p
(thousands)
Annual Percent Chg.

Northern Arizona
West Coast Arizona
North Central Arizona
Phoenix & Central Arizona
Tucson & Southern Arizona
Arizona

1998
16.2
11.8
9.5
87.6
28.1
153.4

2000
16.8
12.1
10.2
91.4
30.2
160.7

2002
15.2
12.9
11.4
82.2
30.2
151.9

2004
15.4
13.0
11.0
88.2
31.6
159.2

2006
15.7
14.5
11.4
95.2
32.8
169.6

2007
16.0
13.8
11.4
96.1
31.9
169.2

2008
16.8
13.7
11.5
94.5
30.1
166.6

2009
15.7
13.6
10.7
88.5
29.2
157.7

2010
16.0
13.2
10.2
88.2
28.5
156.0

2011
16.1
13.2
10.2
90.9
28.4
158.8

2012
16.2
13.2
10.4
93.0
29.7
162.6

2013 2014p
16.6
16.8
13.3
13.2
10.5
10.8
95.4 100.2
29.5
30.7
165.3 171.5

13-14p
1.1
-0.7
1.9
5.0
4.0
3.8

98-14p
0.2
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.5
0.7

Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Percentages calculated on unrounded numbers.

Travel-Generated Employment and Earnings as Percent of Total, 2014p

Northern Arizona
West Coast Arizona
North Central Arizona
Phoenix & Central Arizona
Tucson & Southern Arizona
Arizona Total

Employment (thousands)
Percent
Total
Travel
Travel
155.0
16.8
10.8%
156.4
13.2
8.4%
110.2
10.8
9.8%
2,450.0
100.2
4.1%
593.7
30.7
5.2%
3,465.3
171.5
5.0%

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Earnings (Million)
Total
$6,190
$6,595
$4,056
$131,239
$27,700
$175,779

Travel
$431
$315
$249
$4,098
$785
$5,878

Percent
Travel
7.0%
4.8%
6.1%
3.1%
2.8%
3.3%

Source: Dean Runyan
Associates, U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics, and U.S.
Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Total and travel-generated
employment estimates by Dean
Runyan Associates. Details may
not add to totals due to
rounding. Percentages
calculated on unrounded
numbers.

PAGE 25

Northern Arizona
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
1,182
1,307
1,266
Other Travel*
66
80
73
Total Direct Spending
1,248
1,386
1,339
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
722
803
764
Private Home
131
142
145
Campground
43
49
48
Vacation Home
82
89
89
Day Travel
204
223
220
Destination Spending
1,182
1,307
1,266
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
316
363
344
Food Service
276
304
309
Food Stores
69
78
76
Local Tran. & Gas
130
167
150
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
173
181
176
Retail Sales
203
206
198
Visitor Air Tran.
15
8
13
Destination Spending
1,182
1,307
1,266
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
199
244
232
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
76
83
91
Retail**
42
46
39
Visitor Air Tran.
8
6
6
Other Travel*
8
13
7
Total Direct Earnings
333
392
375
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Thousand Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
9.4
10.3
9.9
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
4.1
4.1
4.2
Retail**
1.8
1.9
1.6
Visitor Air Tran.
0.1
0.1
0.1
Other Travel*
0.3
0.4
0.2
Total Direct Employment
15.7
16.8
16.0
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
50.7
58.4
57.6
State Tax Receipts
56.0
60.5
61.8
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
106.7
118.9
119.4

2011

2012

2013

2014p

1,327
86
1,412

1,385
99
1,484

1,405
101
1,507

1,444
104
1,548

795
157
50
93
230
1,327

840
161
50
96
239
1,385

860
159
49
96
242
1,405

889
164
48
99
245
1,444

361
315
80
181
177
198
14
1,327

381
331
83
190
181
205
14
1,385

395
340
83
186
183
204
13
1,405

416
352
87
182
186
206
15
1,444

232
99
40
6
8
385

245
100
40
6
11
402

254
102
40
5
13
414

266
103
41
6
14
431

9.9
4.2
1.6
0.1
0.3
16.1

10.0
4.1
1.6
0.1
0.4
16.2

10.2
4.3
1.6
0.1
0.4
16.6

10.4
4.2
1.6
0.1
0.5
16.8

59.5
67.3
126.8

61.3
70.0
131.2

60.7
66.8
127.5

60.7
65.7
126.4

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes resident air travel, travel arrangement services, and convention and trade shows.
**Retail includes gasoline.
Northern Arizona includes Apache, Coconino and Navajo counties.

PAGE 26

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

West Coast Arizona
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
1,133
1,150
1,137
Other Travel*
99
130
126
Total Direct Spending
1,233
1,280
1,263
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
289
259
253
Private Home
224
247
250
Campground
112
125
126
Vacation Home
91
99
98
Day Travel
418
420
410
Destination Spending
1,133
1,150
1,137
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
146
135
124
Food Service
240
245
259
Food Stores
120
128
124
Local Tran. & Gas
138
167
156
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
252
251
251
Retail Sales
227
212
211
Visitor Air Tran.
10
12
12
Destination Spending
1,133
1,150
1,137
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
123
130
136
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
103
106
95
Retail**
55
56
50
Visitor Air Tran.
0
0
1
Other Travel*
10
17
15
Total Direct Earnings
292
309
297
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Thousand Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
6.7
6.5
6.6
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
5.3
4.6
4.2
Retail**
2.1
2.0
1.8
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Travel*
0.4
0.6
0.5
Total Direct Employment
14.5
13.7
13.2
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
41.5
41.2
41.2
State Tax Receipts
54.0
53.2
55.7
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
95.5
94.4
96.9

2011

2012

2013

2014p

1,189
144
1,332

1,205
147
1,352

1,224
147
1,371

1,239
151
1,390

278
264
133
103
411
1,189

277
265
128
105
429
1,205

266
276
133
106
443
1,224

277
274
123
109
456
1,239

133
266
126
187
259
206
12
1,189

132
271
131
191
255
214
12
1,205

129
280
136
190
256
220
12
1,224

136
287
143
182
252
225
14
1,239

140
94
49
1
16
300

137
98
49
0
16
301

145
97
50
0
17
309

151
94
52
0
18
315

6.8
4.2
1.7
0.0
0.5
13.2

6.4
4.5
1.7
0.0
0.5
13.2

6.7
4.3
1.7
0.0
0.5
13.3

6.8
4.0
1.7
0.0
0.6
13.2

42.1
59.4
101.5

41.8
59.8
101.5

41.2
58.4
99.6

40.5
56.1
96.6

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes resident air travel, travel arrangement services, and convention and trade shows.
**Retail includes gasoline.
West Coast Arizona includes La Paz, Mohave and Yuma counties.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 27

North Central Arizona
Travel Impacts, 2006-2016p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
819
843
812
Other Travel*
64
71
64
Total Direct Spending
884
915
876
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
286
277
250
Private Home
104
115
117
Campground
23
26
25
Vacation Home
35
38
37
Day Travel
371
388
382
Destination Spending
819
843
812
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
136
139
121
Food Service
153
157
161
Food Stores
56
62
61
Local Tran. & Gas
87
106
97
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
271
268
261
Retail Sales
115
110
111
Visitor Air Tran.
1
0
1
Destination Spending
819
843
812
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
96
107
96
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
99
102
93
Retail**
27
28
25
Visitor Air Tran.
0
0
0
Other Travel*
9
9
7
Total Direct Earnings
231
246
221
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Thousand Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
4.6
4.7
4.2
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
5.4
5.2
4.7
Retail**
1.1
1.2
1.0
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Travel*
0.4
0.4
0.3
Total Direct Employment
11.4
11.5
10.2
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
30.1
30.9
29.6
State Tax Receipts
39.7
39.7
39.7
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
69.8
70.6
69.3

2011

2012

2013

2014p

851
73
924

899
75
974

916
76
992

945
79
1,024

261
127
27
39
398
851

293
130
27
40
408
899

310
130
26
41
410
916

330
132
27
42
415
945

126
166
64
117
263
113
1
851

142
176
66
124
273
116
2
899

150
182
67
122
276
117
1
916

165
191
70
120
281
118
1
945

100
87
25
0
6
219

111
89
25
0
6
232

120
89
25
0
7
242

128
87
26
0
8
249

4.3
4.6
1.0
0.0
0.2
10.2

4.6
4.6
1.0
0.0
0.2
10.4

4.8
4.5
1.0
0.0
0.2
10.5

5.1
4.4
1.0
0.0
0.2
10.8

30.1
42.2
72.3

31.6
44.4
75.9

31.7
43.5
75.2

31.9
42.9
74.8

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes resident air travel, travel arrangement services, and convention and trade shows.
**Retail includes gasoline.
North Central Arizona includes Gila and Yavapai counties.

PAGE 28

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Phoenix & Central Arizona
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006

2008

2010

2011

2012

2013

Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
8,669
8,620
8,621
9,137 9,290 9,509
Other Travel*
2,468
2,642
2,476
2,734 2,929 3,048
Total Direct Spending
11,136 11,261 11,097 11,871 12,219 12,557
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
4,765
4,481
4,304
4,575 4,695 4,849
Private Home
2,227
2,355
2,495
2,625 2,625 2,696
Campground
269
289
278
293
297
267
Vacation Home
283
322
334
347
356
363
Day Travel
1,124
1,173
1,210
1,296 1,318 1,333
Destination Spending
8,669
8,620
8,621
9,137 9,290 9,509
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
1,742
1,680
1,413
1,522 1,568 1,618
Food Service
1,831
1,852
1,997
2,093 2,156 2,229
Food Stores
285
311
318
340
343
346
Local Tran. & Gas
1,027
1,111
1,115
1,269 1,297 1,299
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
1,186
1,140
1,158
1,193 1,205 1,222
Retail Sales
1,331
1,245
1,309
1,358 1,368 1,384
Visitor Air Tran.
1,266
1,281
1,311
1,363 1,353 1,411
Destination Spending
8,669
8,620
8,621
9,137 9,290 9,509
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
1,171
1,259
1,228
1,291 1,329 1,388
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
537
540
540
546
587
613
Retail**
234
234
218
231
227
226
Ground Tran.
107
102
109
117
119
120
Visitor Air Tran.
565
543
564
612
601
598
Other Travel*
792
786
743
795
852
890
Total Direct Earnings
3,405
3,462
3,401
3,591 3,714 3,835
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Thousand Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
44.3
45.0
43.1
44.6
45.1
46.9
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
18.0
18.1
16.9
17.2
17.9
18.7
Retail**
7.2
7.3
6.7
6.8
6.7
6.8
Ground Tran.
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.0
Visitor Air Tran.
7.8
7.5
6.8
7.0
7.2
7.0
Other Travel*
14.9
13.9
12.0
12.3
13.3
13.0
Total Direct Employment
95.2
94.5
88.2
90.9
93.0
95.4
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
475.3
465.6
459.9
485.2 488.0 489.5
State Tax Receipts
436.9
425.6
447.1
492.3 503.9 496.4
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
912.1
891.3
907.0
977.5 991.9 985.9

2014p
10,082
3,244
13,326
5,215
2,823
282
373
1,388
10,082
1,779
2,374
368
1,338
1,273
1,430
1,520
10,082
1,461
674
238
127
632
965
4,098
48.3
20.4
7.0
3.1
7.3
14.1
100.2
501.3
490.1
991.5

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes resident air travel, travel arrangement services, and convention and trade shows.
**Retail includes gasoline.
Phoenix & Central Arizona includes Maricopa and Pinal counties.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 29

Tucson & Southern Arizona
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006

2008

2010

Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
2,883
2,719
2,671
Other Travel*
523
580
536
Total Direct Spending
3,406
3,299
3,207
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
1,262
1,114
1,097
Private Home
528
569
575
Campground
67
49
42
Vacation Home
51
56
56
Day Travel
975
932
901
Destination Spending
2,883
2,719
2,671
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
487
428
391
Food Service
658
616
652
Food Stores
287
290
274
Local Tran. & Gas
362
364
355
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
224
209
211
Retail Sales
656
590
584
Visitor Air Tran.
210
223
204
Destination Spending
2,883
2,719
2,671
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
385
383
375
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
98
95
94
Retail**
137
131
117
Ground Tran.
30
25
27
Visitor Air Tran.
10
12
11
Other Travel*
59
65
55
Total Direct Earnings
719
711
679
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Thousand Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
18.7
16.9
16.4
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
6.0
5.4
5.5
Retail**
5.1
4.8
4.1
Ground Tran.
0.8
0.7
0.7
Visitor Air Tran.
0.2
0.2
0.2
Other Travel*
2.0
2.1
1.6
Total Direct Employment
32.8
30.1
28.5
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
107.5
101.7
100.6
State Tax Receipts
141.9
130.4
135.7
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
249.4
232.1
236.3

2011

2012

2013

2014p

2,667
599
3,266

2,771
690
3,461

2,803
625
3,428

2,994
641
3,635

1,093
597
45
59
874
2,667

1,118
599
46
60
947
2,771

1,130
591
45
60
976
2,803

1,229
612
45
62
1,047
2,994

388
651
265
393
210
557
203
2,667

394
682
289
411
212
585
198
2,771

397
699
302
408
211
597
190
2,803

433
749
332
418
220
640
202
2,994

385
92
113
28
10
57
684

410
92
116
29
9
86
743

416
92
117
29
7
67
730

444
100
127
30
10
73
785

16.5
5.4
4.0
0.7
0.2
1.5
28.4

17.2
5.4
4.0
0.7
0.2
2.2
29.7

17.3
5.4
4.0
0.7
0.1
1.9
29.5

18.0
5.6
4.3
0.7
0.2
1.8
30.7

99.8
142.1
241.9

102.1
148.7
250.8

98.7
142.9
241.5

102.3
142.8
245.1

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes resident air travel, travel arrangement services, and convention and trade shows.
**Retail includes gasoline.
Tucson & Southern Arizona includes Cochise, Graham, Greenlee, Pima and Santa Cruz counties.

PAGE 30

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

V: COUNTY TRAVEL IMPACTS
1998-2014P

APACHE
COCONINO
MOHAVE

NAVAJO

YAVAPAI

LA PAZ

GILA
GREENLEE

MARICOPA

PINAL

GRAHAM

YUMA

PIMA

COCHISE
SANTA
CRUZ

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 31

The analysis of travel impacts at the county level provides a valuable overview of how the
economic benefits of travel and tourism are distributed throughout the state.
Urban areas, such as Maricopa County, tend to have highly developed travel industry
infrastructure consisting of large inventories of amusement and recreation opportunities,
commercial accommodations, and well-developed transportation links. Hotel/motel guests
are important to these areas and, hence, a large proportion of travel expenditures are spent
on overnight lodging.
In many of the less urbanized areas of Arizona, however, the economic significance of
travel and tourism is actually relatively more important. The infrastructure that serves
visitors to Maricopa County also serves local residents. Most of the spending on recreation
and food services in Maricopa county is by local residents. This is not the case in most
other less urbanized areas of the state – leisure and hospitality businesses are generally
much more dependent on visitor spending rather than local residents.
In the graph below, the two most populous counties in Arizona, Maricopa and Pima, are
compared with the thirteen other counties in the state with respect to their share of total
employment – two-thirds of all travel-generated jobs in the state are in the two most
populous counties.
Distribution of Travel-Generated Employment, 2014p
Percent of State Direct Travel-Generated Employment

All other
31%
Maricopa &
Pima
69%

Source: Dean Runyan Associates, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, and U.S.
Bureau of Economic Analysis. Total and travel-generated employments
estimates by Dean Runyan Associates.

PAGE 32

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

However, as a group the less urbanized counties in the state actually have a higher
proportion of travel-generated employment in relation to the total employment of the
county. This is shown graphically below. Four percent of all employment in Maricopa
and Pima counties is travel-generated. By contrast, the proportion is more than double in
for the other Arizona counties.
Percent of Total Area Employment
that is Travel-Generated, 2014p
Maricopa & Pima

All other

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

Source: Dean Runyan Associates, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, and U.S.
Bureau of Economic Analysis. Total and travel-generated employment
estimates by Dean Runyan Associates. Travel-generate employment in
Maricopa and Pima counties constitutes 4.1 percent of all employment in
those counties. The comparable figure for other Arizona counties is 9.0

In general, the employment and earnings estimates provided in the preceding figures are
probably the best measure at the county level of the relative importance of travel and
tourism for local economies. The following table provides estimates for individual
counties. Total employment includes all full-time and part-time wage and salary
employment and self-employment. Because total employment includes all jobs, regardless
of the hours worked, the average annual earnings of the job or the number of individuals
employed, this indicator is in some respects less useful than earnings estimates.
Nonetheless, the distribution of counties is similar for earnings and employment.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 33

Travel-Generated Employment and Earnings as Percent of Total, 2014p
Employment

Apache
Cochise
Coconino
Gila
Graham/Greenlee
La Paz
Maricopa
Mohave
Navajo
Pima
Pinal
Santa Cruz
Yavapai
Yuma
Arizona Total

Total
28,320
54,090
86,190
22,910
19,060
8,010
2,365,970
64,530
40,480
500,590
84,020
19,980
87,320
83,830
3,465,310

Travel
1,530
4,010
11,630
2,580
1,230
1,390
94,300
5,870
3,610
23,410
5,850
2,050
8,170
5,920
171,540

Earnings (Million)
Percent
Travel
5.4%
7.4%
13.5%
11.3%
6.5%
17.4%
4.0%
9.1%
8.9%
4.7%
7.0%
10.3%
9.4%
7.1%
5.0%

Total
$1,062
$2,614
$3,599
$912
$1,033
$317
$127,765
$2,512
$1,529
$23,132
$3,474
$920
$3,143
$3,766
$175,779

Travel
$30
$85
$316
$62
$18
$33
$3,958
$140
$85
$630
$140
$52
$188
$141
$5,878

Percent
Travel
2.8%
3.3%
8.8%
6.7%
1.8%
10.4%
3.1%
5.6%
5.6%
2.7%
4.0%
5.6%
6.0%
3.8%
3.3%

Source: Dean Runyan Associates, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Total
and travel-generated employment estimates by Dean Runyan Associates.
Note: Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Percentages calculated on unrounded numbers.

Direct travel impact estimates for 1998 through 2014p can be found on the following
pages. As noted in the appendix to this report, county level estimates are necessarily less
reliable than the statewide estimates. Furthermore, estimates for the smallest counties are
less reliable than those for larger counties due to survey sample sizes and other data
limitations. For this reason, small changes in year-to-year estimates are less important than
longer-term trends.

PAGE 34

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

2014p Arizona County Travel Impacts
Travel Spending
Total
Visitor
Apache
Cochise
Coconino
Gila
Graham/Greenlee
La Paz
Maricopa
Mohave
Navajo
Pima
Pinal
Santa Cruz
Yavapai
Yuma
Arizona

Earnings

Related Travel-Generated Impacts
Employment Local Taxes State Taxes

Total Taxes

($Million)

($Million)

($Million)

(jobs)

($Million)

($Million)

($Million)

121
421
1,118
279
91
142
12,683
583
310
2,815
643
307
745
665
20,923

104
389
1,055
267
80
137
9,528
498
285
2,228
554
296
678
604
18,211

30
85
316
62
18
33
3,958
140
85
630
140
52
188
141
5,878

1,530
4,010
11,630
2,580
1,230
1,390
94,300
5,870
3,610
23,410
5,850
2,050
8,170
5,920
171,540

4.3
17.2
45.3
7.2
2.9
4.5
484.0
16.5
11.1
74.3
17.3
7.9
24.7
19.5
736.7

5.2
16.9
46.8
11.7
4.1
5.9
462.1
23.6
13.6
110.8
28.0
11.0
31.2
26.7
797.6

9.5
34.1
92.1
18.9
7.0
10.3
946.1
40.1
24.7
185.1
45.4
18.9
55.9
46.2
1,534.3

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
The sum of county visitor spending is less than statewide visitor spending because a portion of county ground transportation is allocated to “other
travel” at the county level.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 35

Arizona County Total Travel Spending, 1998-2014p
($ Millions)
Annual Percent Chg.

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014p
Apache
83
104
99
101
122
124
133
118
122
127
129
117
121
Cochise
227
266
272
312
341
369
376
353
370
362
350
343
421
Coconino
640
705
667
759
846
887
945
881
941
996 1,050 1,084 1,118
Gila
196
218
214
229
260
269
260
245
257
266
279
280
279
Graham/Greenlee
36
44
40
43
62
66
67
53
61
70
76
87
91
La Paz
105
114
117
122
127
130
133
130
128
139
143
144
142
Maricopa
6,994 8,110 7,562 8,956 10,718 10,936 10,734 9,656 10,507 11,231 11,587 11,932 12,683
Mohave
312
354
381
424
520
510
522
486
530
545
554
579
583
Navajo
195
249
231
233
281
282
308
263
275
289
305
305
310
Pima
1,849 2,127 2,132 2,384 2,722 2,672 2,573 2,401 2,513 2,595 2,764 2,709 2,815
Pinal
222
252
272
321
418
482
527
499
589
640
632
625
643
Santa Cruz
242
281
289
300
282
285
283
295
263
239
271
288
307
Yavapai
375
471
480
513
623
644
655
586
619
658
695
712
745
Yuma
377
439
459
519
586
592
625
612
605
648
655
648
665
Arizona
11,854 13,735 13,216 15,215 17,907 18,247 18,142 16,577 17,781 18,805 19,490 19,855 20,923

13-14p
3.3
22.7
3.1
-0.1
4.6
-1.4
6.3
0.6
1.4
3.9
2.9
6.6
4.5
2.6
5.4

98-14p
2.3
3.9
3.5
2.3
5.9
1.9
3.8
4.0
2.9
2.7
6.9
1.5
4.4
3.6
3.6

Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Percentages calculated on unrounded numbers.

PAGE 36

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Arizona County Travel-Generated Earnings, 1998-2014p
($ Millions)
Annual Percent Chg.

Apache
Cochise
Coconino
Gila
Graham/Greenlee
La Paz
Maricopa
Mohave
Navajo
Pima
Pinal
Santa Cruz
Yavapai
Yuma
Arizona

1998
20
50
189
50
9
23
2,214
85
48
404
54
44
105
86
3,380

2000
24
56
204
54
10
25
2,568
94
61
463
58
50
129
97
3,895

2002
24
59
195
54
9
26
2,445
104
57
483
65
52
134
104
3,811

2004
23
67
221
57
9
26
2,830
110
56
519
74
54
139
118
4,303

2006
27
73
240
65
14
27
3,311
133
66
581
94
52
166
132
4,981

2007
29
82
265
69
15
28
3,462
134
69
582
112
54
177
135
5,212

2008
31
84
284
66
15
29
3,340
137
76
557
122
54
180
144
5,120

2009
31
81
266
64
12
29
3,169
134
69
538
121
54
163
145
4,876

2010
31
80
268
56
13
28
3,274
125
77
537
127
49
165
143
4,973

2011
31
78
277
55
14
31
3,461
124
77
549
130
44
164
144
5,180

2012
32
76
285
58
15
31
3,579
124
85
605
135
47
174
146
5,393

2013 2014p
29
30
77
85
299
316
61
62
17
18
33
33
3,702 3,958
134
140
86
85
587
630
132
140
49
52
181
188
143
141
5,529 5,878

13-14p
4.6
10.4
5.6
1.3
6.7
1.2
6.9
4.8
-1.3
7.4
5.9
6.5
3.9
-0.8
6.3

98-14p
2.6
3.4
3.3
1.3
4.9
2.2
3.7
3.1
3.6
2.8
6.2
1.0
3.7
3.1
3.5

Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Percentages calculated on unrounded numbers.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 37

Arizona County Travel-Generated Employment, 1998-2014p
Annual Percent Chg.

1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013 2014p
Apache
1,560
1,640
1,540
1,530
1,600
1,590
1,660
1,630
1,640
1,620
1,570
1,480
1,530
Cochise
3,690
3,870
3,800
3,930
4,110
4,380
4,350
4,130
4,050
3,890
3,730
3,700
4,010
Coconino
11,230 11,190 10,240 10,750 10,760 11,100 11,600 10,910 10,860 10,990 11,000 11,430 11,630
Gila
3,160
3,130
3,230
3,050
3,170
3,130
3,010
2,950
2,670
2,680
2,670
2,630
2,580
Graham/Greenlee
40
40
40
40
60
70
70
50
60
70
80
90
90
La Paz
1,510
1,420
1,360
1,290
1,200
1,220
1,220
1,230
1,200
1,320
1,310
1,380
1,390
Maricopa
84,480 88,260 78,370 84,240 90,470 91,230 89,230 83,590 83,100 85,470 87,470 89,680 94,300
Mohave
5,510
5,690
5,960
6,030
7,080
6,520
6,400
6,240
5,900
5,770
5,560
5,750
5,870
Navajo
3,440
3,950
3,430
3,150
3,370
3,330
3,580
3,200
3,520
3,510
3,660
3,690
3,610
Pima
21,320 23,110 23,050 24,230 25,120 23,880 22,230 21,820 21,430 21,620 22,940 22,590 23,410
Pinal
3,160
3,130
3,780
3,980
4,700
4,910
5,270
4,950
5,120
5,440
5,570
5,710
5,850
Santa Cruz
2,440
2,530
2,550
2,560
2,400
2,330
2,270
2,220
2,000
1,840
1,920
2,020
2,050
Yavapai
6,380
7,110
8,140
7,910
8,260
8,290
8,470
7,710
7,490
7,500
7,760
7,920
8,170
Yuma
4,820
4,970
5,600
5,720
6,200
6,070
6,110
6,140
6,070
6,160
6,330
6,130
5,920
Arizona
153,400 160,710 151,880 159,190 169,630 169,240 166,630 157,720 156,040 158,830 162,580 165,310 171,540
Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Percentages calculated on unrounded numbers.

PAGE 38

13-14p
3.7
8.1
1.8
-1.6
1.9
0.1
5.2
2.1
-1.9
3.6
2.4
1.4
3.1
-3.4
3.8

98-14p
-0.1
0.5
0.2
-1.3
4.5
-0.5
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.6
3.9
-1.1
1.6
1.3
0.7

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Apache County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006

2008

2010

Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
109.1
118.4
108.1
Other Travel*
12.7
14.7
13.8
Total Direct Spending
121.8
133.1
121.9
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
55.6
59.6
49.8
Private Home
31.4
34.8
34.6
Campground
6.5
7.1
7.0
Vacation Home
11.2
12.0
12.1
Day Travel
4.4
4.8
4.6
Destination Spending
109.1
118.4
108.1
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
22.9
26.1
22.2
Food Service
27.5
29.3
28.6
Food Stores
8.6
9.6
9.3
Local Tran. & Gas
15.0
18.7
16.5
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
8.9
8.9
8.3
Retail Sales
26.2
25.7
23.2
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Destination Spending
109.1
118.4
108.1
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
17.1
20.5
21.5
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
4.0
4.3
3.9
Retail**
5.4
5.7
4.7
Ground Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Travel*
0.7
0.8
0.5
Total Direct Earnings
27.3
31.3
30.7
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
1,020
1,040
1,110
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
250
300
290
Retail**
280
270
210
Ground Tran.
0
0
0
Visitor Air Tran.
0
0
0
Other Travel*
40
50
20
Total Direct Employment
1,600
1,660
1,640
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
5.0
5.4
5.1
State Tax Receipts
5.4
5.7
5.7
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
10.4
11.1
10.8

2011

2012

2013

2014p

109.9
16.6
126.5

111.4
17.2
128.5

100.4
16.4
116.8

104.3
16.4
120.7

46.8
38.0
7.5
12.7
4.9
109.9

46.8
39.0
7.7
13.0
5.0
111.4

37.5
37.7
7.5
12.9
4.7
100.4

39.0
39.7
7.4
13.3
4.9
104.3

21.1
28.7
9.8
19.8
8.2
22.4
0.0
109.9

21.0
29.4
10.0
20.4
8.3
22.3
0.0
111.4

17.8
27.3
9.6
18.7
7.6
19.4
0.0
100.4

18.4
29.1
10.2
18.7
7.9
20.0
0.0
104.3

21.9
3.6
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.5
30.7

22.8
3.7
4.6
0.0
0.0
0.5
31.5

20.8
3.4
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
28.8

21.8
3.5
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
30.1

1,130
260
210
0
0
20
1,620

1,100
240
200
0
0
20
1,570

1,050
210
190
0
0
30
1,480

1,090
210
200
0
0
30
1,530

5.0
5.9
10.9

5.0
6.0
11.0

4.3
5.2
9.5

4.3
5.2
9.5

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations and travel arrangement services. **Retail includes
gasoline.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 39

Cochise County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
314.7
345.5
342.4
Other Travel*
26.2
30.3
27.5
Total Direct Spending
340.9
375.8
369.8
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
124.3
144.1
144.3
Private Home
57.2
62.9
65.5
Campground
8.6
9.6
9.3
Vacation Home
6.1
6.6
6.6
Day Travel
118.5
122.3
116.6
Destination Spending
314.7
345.5
342.4
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
41.6
52.1
51.9
Food Service
77.8
84.1
88.0
Food Stores
57.0
59.5
55.8
Local Tran. & Gas
40.6
50.8
47.2
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
22.0
22.8
22.9
Retail Sales
75.7
76.1
76.5
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Destination Spending
314.7
345.5
342.4
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
39.5
48.8
48.8
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
10.7
11.6
10.9
Retail**
20.1
21.1
18.7
Ground Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Travel*
2.4
2.7
1.7
Total Direct Earnings
72.6
84.3
80.1
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
2,390
2,540
2,470
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
700
810
760
Retail**
890
870
750
Ground Tran.
0
0
0
Visitor Air Tran.
0
0
0
Other Travel*
120
120
70
Total Direct Employment
4,110
4,350
4,050
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
14.9
16.6
16.8
State Tax Receipts
14.6
15.5
16.4
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
29.5
32.1
33.2

2011

2012

2013

2014p

328.7
32.8
361.5

316.6
33.2
349.8

311.4
32.0
343.3

389.1
32.0
421.1

131.7
69.1
10.0
6.9
111.0
328.7

111.8
68.7
10.2
7.1
118.8
316.6

103.0
68.3
10.0
7.0
123.0
311.4

159.6
72.3
9.9
7.2
140.1
389.1

47.2
83.4
52.7
53.5
21.7
70.2
0.0
328.7

40.3
80.9
57.2
53.0
20.1
65.1
0.0
316.6

35.9
81.4
59.9
51.1
19.5
63.5
0.0
311.4

56.1
101.2
68.5
57.4
24.0
81.9
0.0
389.1

48.9
9.7
17.4
0.0
0.0
1.7
77.7

48.3
9.8
16.7
0.0
0.0
1.7
76.5

48.8
10.0
16.5
0.0
0.0
1.8
77.1

53.3
9.9
20.0
0.0
0.0
1.9
85.1

2,420
700
700
0
0
70
3,890

2,370
650
660
0
0
60
3,730

2,340
650
650
0
0
70
3,700

2,520
630
780
0
0
70
4,010

15.8
16.5
32.3

14.6
15.8
30.4

13.9
14.8
28.7

17.2
16.9
34.1

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations and travel arrangement services. **Retail includes
gasoline.

PAGE 40

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Coconino County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
813.2
902.8
903.7
Other Travel*
32.6
42.0
37.8
Total Direct Spending
845.8
944.8
941.5
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
537.9
602.3
600.0
Private Home
52.0
53.5
58.1
Campground
19.8
24.7
23.9
Vacation Home
29.3
31.6
31.7
Day Travel
174.1
190.6
189.9
Destination Spending
813.2
902.8
903.7
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
240.4
276.7
271.3
Food Service
185.3
205.6
214.8
Food Stores
42.0
48.4
48.1
Local Tran. & Gas
83.8
108.6
100.1
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
133.7
139.8
138.0
Retail Sales
113.4
116.0
118.0
Visitor Air Tran.
14.6
7.7
13.4
Destination Spending
813.2
902.8
903.7
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
142.0
174.5
162.3
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
59.9
65.8
69.5
Retail**
25.0
27.8
24.4
Ground Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Visitor Air Tran.
7.6
5.8
5.8
Other Travel*
5.4
10.5
5.8
Total Direct Earnings
240.0
284.3
267.8
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
6,290
6,910
6,510
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
3,140
3,170
3,140
Retail**
1,000
1,090
940
Ground Tran.
0
0
0
Visitor Air Tran.
150
120
110
Other Travel*
180
300
160
Total Direct Employment
10,760 11,600 10,860
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
35.3
41.4
41.6
State Tax Receipts
37.9
41.4
42.9
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
73.2
82.7
84.6

2011

2012

2013

2014p

952.3 993.7 1,024.1
44.0
56.6
60.4
996.3 1,050.3 1,084.5

1,054.8
63.2
1,118.0

633.4
62.2
25.2
33.2
198.3
952.3

664.9 691.7
63.2
63.2
26.4
25.9
34.0
34.4
205.3 208.9
993.7 1,024.1

717.1
65.5
25.5
35.4
211.4
1,054.8

289.1
219.9
50.5
120.4
139.0
119.6
13.7
952.3

304.5 320.6
230.8 240.4
52.1
53.3
126.9 126.0
142.9 145.8
122.8 124.9
13.7
13.2
993.7 1,024.1

339.8
248.5
55.2
122.9
147.8
125.3
15.5
1,054.8

162.1
77.3
25.1
0.0
6.4
6.5
277.3

170.0
74.5
25.1
0.0
5.5
10.2
285.3

179.4
76.9
25.3
0.0
5.4
11.9
298.8

190.8
79.4
25.8
0.0
6.5
13.1
315.6

6,530 6,620 6,820
3,170 3,000 3,210
970
960
950
0
0
0
120
100
100
200
310
350
10,990 11,000 11,430

7,010
3,180
940
0
120
380
11,630

43.6
47.3
90.8

44.6
49.1
93.7

45.0
47.5
92.4

45.3
46.8
92.1

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations and travel arrangement services. **Retail includes
gasoline.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 41

Gila County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
250.5
248.6
246.3
Other Travel*
9.9
11.5
10.6
Total Direct Spending
260.4
260.1
257.0
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
55.5
42.6
40.7
Private Home
34.8
37.6
39.0
Campground
11.5
12.8
12.4
Vacation Home
12.7
13.6
13.4
Day Travel
136.0
142.0
140.9
Destination Spending
250.5
248.6
246.3
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
21.0
18.0
16.9
Food Service
43.3
43.2
45.4
Food Stores
18.6
20.2
20.1
Local Tran. & Gas
27.3
32.6
30.3
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
106.0
102.2
100.5
Retail Sales
34.4
32.4
33.1
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Destination Spending
250.5
248.6
246.3
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
22.7
23.4
22.4
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
32.8
32.8
25.2
Retail**
8.7
9.0
8.0
Ground Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Travel*
0.6
0.8
0.5
Total Direct Earnings
64.8
65.9
56.1
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
1,280
1,190
1,120
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
1,480
1,390
1,200
Retail**
370
380
330
Ground Tran.
0
0
0
Visitor Air Tran.
0
0
0
Other Travel*
30
40
20
Total Direct Employment
3,170
3,010
2,670
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
7.9
7.6
7.3
State Tax Receipts
11.8
11.3
11.4
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
19.7
18.9
18.7

2011

2012

2013

2014p

253.5
12.3
265.8

266.7
12.5
279.2

267.2
12.5
279.7

267.0
12.5
279.4

39.6
41.5
13.4
14.0
145.2
253.5

47.4
42.7
13.7
14.3
148.6
266.7

50.3
42.3
12.1
14.4
148.1
267.2

49.9
42.1
11.9
14.8
148.2
267.0

16.5
46.1
21.1
36.2
100.3
33.3
0.0
253.5

18.8
49.0
21.7
38.2
104.7
34.3
0.0
266.7

19.4
50.0
21.5
36.8
105.3
34.2
0.0
267.2

20.1
50.7
22.0
35.4
104.9
33.8
0.0
267.0

22.3
23.9
8.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
54.7

24.7
24.6
8.1
0.0
0.0
0.4
57.9

26.7
25.5
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
60.8

27.5
25.5
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
61.5

1,110
1,220
330
0
0
20
2,680

1,170
1,160
320
0
0
20
2,670

1,230
1,040
330
0
0
20
2,630

1,270
970
330
0
0
20
2,580

7.2
11.9
19.1

7.5
12.4
19.9

7.5
12.1
19.5

7.2
11.7
18.9

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations and travel arrangement services. **Retail includes
gasoline.

PAGE 42

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Graham & Greenlee Counties
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
54.0
57.7
52.5
Other Travel*
7.8
9.8
9.0
Total Direct Spending
61.9
67.5
61.5
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
27.1
27.1
21.3
Private Home
18.9
21.7
22.5
Campground
1.8
2.0
1.9
Vacation Home
0.7
0.8
0.8
Day Travel
5.5
6.0
5.9
Destination Spending
54.0
57.7
52.5
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
9.1
9.9
7.6
Food Service
14.5
15.4
15.2
Food Stores
4.6
5.2
5.1
Local Tran. & Gas
8.2
10.3
9.4
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
4.4
4.4
4.1
Retail Sales
13.3
12.5
11.2
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Destination Spending
54.0
57.7
52.5
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
7.9
9.2
7.6
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
2.4
2.5
2.4
Retail**
2.9
3.0
2.4
Ground Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Travel*
0.5
0.7
0.4
Total Direct Earnings
13.7
15.3
12.8
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
630
640
500
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
410
430
380
Retail**
130
120
100
Ground Tran.
0
0
0
Visitor Air Tran.
0
0
0
Other Travel*
30
30
20
Total Direct Employment
1,200 1,230 1,000
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
2.1
2.2
2.0
State Tax Receipts
3.0
3.1
3.0
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
5.1
5.4
5.0

2011

2012

2013

2014p

59.5
10.8
70.3

64.5
11.1
75.6

76.4
11.0
87.5

80.5
11.0
91.5

25.0
25.0
2.0
0.9
6.6
59.5

29.6
25.1
2.1
0.9
6.8
64.5

40.6
25.5
2.1
0.9
7.4
76.4

43.9
26.0
2.0
0.9
7.7
80.5

8.8
16.6
5.6
11.8
4.4
12.4
0.0
59.5

10.6
17.7
5.7
12.4
4.6
13.5
0.0
64.5

15.2
20.5
6.1
13.1
5.2
16.3
0.0
76.4

15.8
22.1
6.5
13.2
5.5
17.5
0.0
80.5

8.2
2.5
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.4
13.9

9.1
2.7
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.4
15.0

10.7
2.8
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
17.1

11.4
3.0
3.4
0.0
0.0
0.5
18.3

520
380
110
0
0
20
1,030

570
390
110
0
0
20
1,090

660
410
120
0
0
20
1,210

670
410
130
0
0
20
1,230

2.2
3.4
5.6

2.4
3.7
6.1

2.9
4.0
6.9

2.9
4.1
7.0

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations and travel arrangement services. **Retail
includes gasoline.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 43

La Paz County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
123.0
129.2
123.9
Other Travel*
3.8
4.3
3.9
Total Direct Spending
126.8
133.5
127.8
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
8.4
6.6
3.9
Private Home
13.2
14.5
14.3
Campground
28.6
31.2
30.4
Vacation Home
15.8
16.7
16.3
Day Travel
57.0
60.1
59.0
Destination Spending
123.0
129.2
123.9
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
10.4
10.1
8.5
Food Service
21.4
22.5
22.8
Food Stores
11.2
12.4
12.1
Local Tran. & Gas
15.3
18.9
17.1
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
46.6
47.7
45.9
Retail Sales
18.0
17.6
17.5
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Destination Spending
123.0
129.2
123.9
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
8.9
9.7
10.5
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
13.4
14.0
13.6
Retail**
4.5
4.8
4.2
Ground Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Travel*
0.2
0.2
0.1
Total Direct Earnings
27.0
28.9
28.5
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
520
520
560
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
470
480
450
Retail**
200
210
180
Ground Tran.
0
0
0
Visitor Air Tran.
0
0
0
Other Travel*
10
10
10
Total Direct Employment
1,200
1,220
1,200
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
3.9
4.3
4.2
State Tax Receipts
5.4
5.5
5.6
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
9.4
9.7
9.9

2011

2012

2013

2014p

134.7
4.7
139.4

138.0
4.8
142.8

139.4
4.6
144.0

137.4
4.6
142.0

6.9
16.4
31.9
17.0
62.4
134.7

8.3
16.3
32.5
17.5
63.4
138.0

9.9
16.4
31.9
17.6
63.6
139.4

8.8
15.9
31.4
18.1
63.2
137.4

9.6
24.6
13.1
21.3
47.8
18.4
0.0
134.7

10.2
25.4
13.3
22.0
48.5
18.6
0.0
138.0

10.8
26.2
13.3
21.5
48.8
18.7
0.0
139.4

10.8
26.3
13.5
20.4
48.1
18.3
0.0
137.4

12.6
14.2
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
31.3

12.5
14.4
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
31.4

13.3
14.8
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
32.6

13.7
14.9
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
33.0

650
470
190
0
0
10
1,320

650
480
180
0
0
10
1,310

700
500
180
0
0
10
1,380

700
500
170
0
0
10
1,390

4.6
6.2
10.8

4.6
6.3
10.9

4.7
6.2
10.9

4.5
5.9
10.3

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations and travel arrangement services. **Retail includes
gasoline.

PAGE 44

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Maricopa County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
8,301
8,164
8,106
8,586 8,750 8,974
Other Travel*
2,418
2,571
2,401
2,645 2,837 2,959
Total Direct Spending
10,718 10,734 10,507 11,231 11,587 11,932
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
4,731
4,444
4,269
4,535 4,657 4,817
Private Home
2,071
2,155
2,254
2,369 2,379 2,449
Campground
226
240
231
243
245
217
Vacation Home
231
254
258
269
275
281
Day Travel
1,042
1,069
1,093
1,170 1,194 1,210
Destination Spending
8,301
8,164
8,106
8,586 8,750 8,974
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
1,706
1,638
1,372
1,479 1,525 1,577
Food Service
1,719
1,712
1,829
1,917 1,983 2,055
Food Stores
252
268
271
289
294
296
Local Tran. & Gas
975
1,037
1,038
1,175 1,204 1,209
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
1,130
1,074
1,083
1,116 1,131 1,148
Retail Sales
1,252
1,154
1,201
1,246 1,261 1,278
Visitor Air Tran.
1,266
1,281
1,311
1,363 1,353 1,411
Destination Spending
8,301
8,164
8,106
8,586 8,750 8,974
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
1,123
1,196
1,154
1,215 1,248 1,311
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
509
506
510
517
556
581
Retail**
217
213
197
209
206
205
Ground Tran.
107
102
109
117
119
120
Visitor Air Tran.
565
543
564
612
601
598
Other Travel*
789
782
740
792
850
887
Total Direct Earnings
3,311
3,340
3,274
3,461 3,579 3,702
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Thousand Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
41.8 41,990 40,070
41.4
41.7
43.4
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
16.6 16,780 15,720
16.0
16.5
17.4
Retail**
6.6
6,480
5,900
5.9
5.9
6.0
Ground Tran.
2.9
2,770
2,780
2.9
3.0
3.0
Visitor Air Tran.
7.8
7,470
6,770
7.0
7.2
7.0
Other Travel*
14.8 13,730 11,860
12.2
13.2
12.9
Total Direct Employment
90.5 89,230 83,100
85.5
87.5
89.7
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
462.7
450.1
442.1
466.7 469.8 472.1
State Tax Receipts
417.2
402.1
419.1
462.0 474.0 467.9
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
879.9
852.3
861.1
928.7 943.9 940.0

2014p
9,528
3,155
12,683
5,182
2,563
233
289
1,261
9,528
1,737
2,189
315
1,248
1,197
1,321
1,520
9,528
1,383
636
217
127
632
963
3,958
44.8
18.9
6.2
3.1
7.3
13.9
94.3
484.0
462.1
946.1

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations, resident air travel, travel arrangement services, and
convention and trade shows. **Retail includes gasoline.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 45

Mohave County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
468.4
450.5
460.5
Other Travel*
51.2
71.1
69.2
Total Direct Spending
519.6
521.6
529.7
All Overnight
Hotel, Motel
145.7
112.4
119.0
Private Home
142.0
153.7
155.8
Campground
19.1
21.2
20.5
Vacation Home
35.7
38.3
37.7
Day
126.0
124.8
127.6
Destination Spending
468.4
450.5
460.5
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
71.9
57.8
55.3
Food Service
121.7
118.5
128.8
Food Stores
40.2
42.5
43.0
Local Tran. & Gas
68.3
79.5
75.5
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
89.3
82.3
84.3
Retail Sales
77.0
69.8
73.6
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Destination Spending
468.4
450.5
460.5
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
63.3
62.6
62.8
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
42.3
41.0
31.8
Retail**
19.9
20.0
18.0
Ground Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Travel*
7.6
12.9
12.5
Total Direct Earnings
133.1
136.5
125.1
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
3,550
3,200
3,220
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
2,540
2,030
1,630
Retail**
710
680
630
Ground Tran.
0
0
0
Visitor Air Tran.
0
0
0
Other Travel*
290
490
430
Total Direct Employment
7,080
6,400
5,900
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
17.6
16.5
16.6
State Tax Receipts
23.3
22.0
23.2
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
40.9
38.5
39.8

2011

2012

2013

2014p

466.3
78.2
544.5

473.4
80.4
553.8

496.4
83.0
579.4

497.8
85.1
582.9

119.5
157.3
22.1
39.4
128.0
466.3

120.0
160.7
22.6
40.4
129.8
473.4

124.0
173.6
22.2
40.6
136.1
496.4

132.0
167.7
21.8
41.8
134.4
497.8

56.2
126.3
43.4
87.0
81.7
71.6
0.0
466.3

56.5
129.3
44.0
89.7
82.0
71.8
0.0
473.4

58.1
138.7
46.7
92.1
85.7
75.1
0.0
496.4

63.5
140.5
47.0
87.6
85.4
73.8
0.0
497.8

64.9
29.1
17.7
0.0
0.0
12.8
124.5

61.3
32.0
17.3
0.0
0.0
13.1
123.8

66.8
34.5
18.0
0.0
0.0
14.6
133.9

71.8
35.1
17.9
0.0
0.0
15.5
140.3

3,240
1,500
610
0
0
430
5,770

2,950
1,580
600
0
0
430
5,560

3,110
1,590
620
0
0
430
5,750

3,280
1,520
610
0
0
450
5,870

16.5
24.2
40.7

16.3
24.3
40.6

16.7
24.5
41.1

16.5
23.6
40.1

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations and travel arrangement services. **Retail includes
gasoline.

PAGE 46

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Navajo County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
260.0
285.6
254.5
Other Travel*
20.7
22.9
20.9
Total Direct Spending
280.6
308.5
275.4
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
128.5
141.3
114.3
Private Home
48.1
53.9
52.3
Campground
16.4
17.2
16.7
Vacation Home
41.7
45.6
45.4
Day Travel
25.2
27.7
25.8
Destination Spending
260.0
285.6
254.5
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
52.9
60.4
50.1
Food Service
63.4
69.3
65.5
Food Stores
18.0
20.2
19.1
Local Tran. & Gas
31.4
39.7
33.9
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
30.9
32.0
29.6
Retail Sales
63.4
64.0
56.3
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Destination Spending
260.0
285.6
254.5
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
40.3
48.7
48.0
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
12.3
13.3
18.0
Retail**
11.8
12.7
10.1
Ground Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Travel*
1.5
1.3
0.8
Total Direct Earnings
65.9
76.0
76.8
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
2,130
2,330
2,250
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
670
680
810
Retail**
490
510
410
Ground Tran.
0
0
0
Visitor Air Tran.
0
0
0
Other Travel*
80
70
40
Total Direct Employment
3,370
3,580
3,520
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
10.5
11.6
10.9
State Tax Receipts
12.7
13.5
13.2
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
23.2
25.1
24.1

2011

2012

2013

2014p

264.5
24.9
289.4

279.7
25.4
305.1

280.7
24.7
305.3

285.0
24.6
309.5

115.2
57.0
17.6
47.4
27.3
264.5

128.1
58.4
16.4
48.6
28.2
279.7

130.7
57.6
15.2
49.1
28.1
280.7

132.5
58.7
14.7
50.6
28.5
285.0

50.6
66.8
20.1
40.8
29.8
56.3
0.0
264.5

55.2
71.0
20.5
42.8
30.3
59.8
0.0
279.7

57.0
72.2
20.4
41.4
29.9
59.8
0.0
280.7

57.9
75.0
21.2
40.4
30.2
60.2
0.0
285.0

47.7
18.4
10.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
77.3

52.3
21.9
10.6
0.0
0.0
0.8
85.5

53.4
21.8
10.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
86.4

53.7
20.2
10.7
0.0
0.0
0.8
85.3

2,250
810
410
0
0
40
3,510

2,300
900
420
0
0
40
3,660

2,330
900
410
0
0
40
3,690

2,340
820
420
0
0
40
3,610

11.0
14.1
25.0

11.7
14.9
26.6

11.4
14.1
25.6

11.1
13.6
24.7

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations and travel arrangement services. **Retail includes
gasoline.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 47

Pima County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
2,241
2,043
2,022
Other Travel*
481
530
491
Total Direct Spending
2,722
2,573
2,513
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
1,074
903
895
Private Home
423
451
452
Campground
56
36
29
Vacation Home
43
47
47
Day Travel
645
605
598
Destination Spending
2,241
2,043
2,022
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
420
349
316
Food Service
526
475
508
Food Stores
134
132
129
Local Tran. & Gas
294
279
278
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
188
173
174
Retail Sales
468
411
413
Visitor Air Tran.
210
223
204
Destination Spending
2,241
2,043
2,022
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
319
304
297
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
80
76
77
Retail**
86
79
72
Ground Tran.
30
25
27
Visitor Air Tran.
10
12
11
Other Travel*
56
61
52
Total Direct Earnings
581
557
537
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
14,590 12,700 12,410
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
4,550
3,860
4,090
Retail**
3,110
2,870
2,560
Ground Tran.
840
690
700
Visitor Air Tran.
220
250
210
Other Travel*
1,820
1,860
1,450
Total Direct Employment
25,120 22,230 21,430
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
82.1
74.5
73.9
State Tax Receipts
113.3
101.1
105.7
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
195.4
175.6
179.6

2011

2012

2013

2014p

2,051
544
2,595

2,130
635
2,764

2,138
572
2,709

2,228
587
2,815

908
467
31
49
595
2,051

946
467
33
51
633
2,130

951
460
32
51
644
2,138

992
477
31
53
675
2,228

320
514
131
306
175
401
203
2,051

330
542
138
321
178
423
198
2,130

332
552
140
318
177
428
190
2,138

348
580
150
322
182
445
202
2,228

309
75
72
28
10
54
549

334
76
73
29
9
84
605

337
75
73
29
7
65
587

359
83
77
30
10
70
630

12,710 13,320 13,340
4,070 4,080 4,060
2,540 2,520 2,500
710
740
740
200
180
130
1,400 2,110 1,820
21,620 22,940 22,590

13,830
4,300
2,630
750
170
1,730
23,410

74.8
112.3
187.1

77.4
118.2
195.6

74.0
112.9
186.9

74.3
110.8
185.1

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations, resident air travel, travel arrangement services, and
convention and trade shows. **Retail includes gasoline.

PAGE 48

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Pinal County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
368.1
456.2
514.6
Other Travel*
50.1
70.9
74.6
Total Direct Spending
418.2
527.2
589.1
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
33.8
37.1
34.7
Private Home
156.2
199.9
241.3
Campground
43.3
48.2
46.6
Vacation Home
52.4
67.4
75.3
Day Travel
82.4
103.6
116.7
Destination Spending
368.1
456.2
514.6
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
36.7
42.3
40.4
Food Service
111.7
140.1
168.1
Food Stores
33.3
42.3
47.4
Local Tran. & Gas
51.8
73.7
76.4
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
55.9
66.2
74.6
Retail Sales
78.7
91.6
107.6
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Destination Spending
368.1
456.2
514.6
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
47.2
62.9
73.4
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
27.4
34.1
29.3
Retail**
16.9
21.0
21.3
Ground Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Travel*
2.8
4.0
2.7
Total Direct Earnings
94.4
122.1
126.8
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
2,510
2,990
3,060
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
1,390
1,270
1,140
Retail**
670
820
780
Ground Tran.
0
0
0
Visitor Air Tran.
0
0
0
Other Travel*
140
200
130
Total Direct Employment
4,700
5,270
5,120
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
12.6
15.5
17.8
State Tax Receipts
19.6
23.5
28.0
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
32.2
39.0
45.8

2011

2012

2013

2014p

551.0
88.7
639.7

540.1
91.5
631.6

535.5
89.3
624.7

554.1
89.0
643.1

40.0
256.1
50.2
78.7
126.1
551.0

37.8
246.2
51.4
80.6
124.0
540.1

32.5
247.5
50.5
81.6
123.4
535.5

33.1
260.1
49.6
84.1
127.2
554.1

43.4
175.8
50.5
93.4
76.5
111.4
0.0
551.0

43.2
173.0
49.5
93.1
74.2
107.1
0.0
540.1

41.4
174.7
49.6
90.1
73.7
105.9
0.0
535.5

42.7
184.7
52.2
89.4
76.3
108.9
0.0
554.1

76.4
28.7
22.4
0.0
0.0
2.6
130.1

80.3
31.4
21.0
0.0
0.0
2.7
135.4

77.4
31.5
20.6
0.0
0.0
2.7
132.2

78.2
37.4
21.5
0.0
0.0
2.8
139.9

3,250
1,230
830
0
0
130
5,440

3,350
1,330
770
0
0
120
5,570

3,540
1,280
770
0
0
130
5,710

3,490
1,430
800
0
0
130
5,850

18.6
30.2
48.8

18.2
29.9
48.0

17.3
28.6
45.9

17.3
28.0
45.4

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations and travel arrangement services. **Retail includes
gasoline.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 49

Santa Cruz County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
273.5
272.9
253.6
Other Travel*
8.4
10.1
9.1
Total Direct Spending
282.0
283.0
262.7
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
36.3
39.0
36.2
Private Home
29.0
33.1
34.9
Campground
1.1
1.3
1.2
Vacation Home
1.2
1.3
1.3
Day Travel
206.0
198.2
180.0
Destination Spending
273.5
272.9
253.6
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
15.6
16.9
15.5
Food Service
39.6
41.1
41.2
Food Stores
91.8
92.9
83.7
Local Tran. & Gas
19.1
23.2
20.7
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
9.1
9.3
9.1
Retail Sales
98.5
89.5
83.3
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Destination Spending
273.5
272.9
253.6
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
18.5
21.1
20.8
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
4.7
5.1
4.2
Retail**
28.0
27.3
23.6
Ground Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Visitor Air Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Travel*
0.6
0.7
0.3
Total Direct Earnings
51.8
54.1
48.9
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
1,070
1,000
970
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
330
340
290
Retail**
970
900
720
Ground Tran.
0
0
0
Visitor Air Tran.
0
0
0
Other Travel*
30
30
20
Total Direct Employment
2,400
2,270
2,000
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
8.4
8.4
8.0
State Tax Receipts
10.9
10.6
10.5
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
19.3
19.0
18.5

2011

2012

2013

2014p

227.9
10.9
238.8

259.8
11.1
270.9

277.4
10.7
288.1

296.5
10.6
307.1

28.0
36.2
1.3
1.3
161.1
227.9

31.0
38.0
1.4
1.4
188.2
259.8

35.1
37.7
1.3
1.3
201.9
277.4

32.7
36.6
1.3
1.4
224.5
296.5

11.9
36.9
76.1
22.2
8.0
72.8
0.0
227.9

12.8
41.4
88.5
24.9
8.5
83.6
0.0
259.8

14.0
44.7
95.2
25.4
9.0
89.0
0.0
277.4

13.4
46.4
107.1
24.9
8.5
96.1
0.0
296.5

18.4
4.0
20.8
0.0
0.0
0.3
43.6

19.1
4.3
23.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
46.8

19.7
4.4
24.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
48.7

20.7
4.2
26.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
51.8

870
300
650
0
0
20
1,840

900
290
710
0
0
20
1,920

930
330
740
0
0
20
2,020

960
290
780
0
0
20
2,050

7.0
10.0
16.9

7.7
11.1
18.7

7.9
11.1
19.0

7.9
11.0
18.9

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations and travel arrangement services. **Retail includes
gasoline.

PAGE 50

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Yavapai County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
568.9
594.6
565.9
Other Travel*
54.3
60.0
53.5
Total Direct Spending
623.1
654.5
619.4
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
230.8
234.4
209.7
Private Home
69.6
77.0
78.3
Campground
11.8
13.0
12.6
Vacation Home
21.9
24.2
23.9
Day Travel
234.7
246.0
241.4
Destination Spending
568.9
594.6
565.9
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
114.9
121.3
104.4
Food Service
109.4
113.7
115.7
Food Stores
37.8
41.5
40.6
Local Tran. & Gas
60.2
73.6
66.5
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
165.5
166.3
160.4
Retail Sales
80.6
77.8
77.5
Visitor Air Tran.
0.5
0.4
0.8
Destination Spending
568.9
594.6
565.9
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
73.7
83.8
73.8
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
66.4
68.9
68.0
Retail**
18.1
19.1
16.5
Ground Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Visitor Air Tran.
0.2
0.3
0.3
Other Travel*
8.1
8.3
6.1
Total Direct Earnings
166.4
180.4
164.6
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
3,290
3,530
3,050
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
3,880
3,850
3,550
Retail**
750
780
650
Ground Tran.
0
0
0
Visitor Air Tran.
0
10
10
Other Travel*
340
310
240
Total Direct Employment
8,260
8,470
7,490
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
22.3
23.3
22.3
State Tax Receipts
27.9
28.4
28.3
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
50.1
51.7
50.6

2011

2012

2013

2014p

597.1
60.6
657.7

632.3
62.9
695.2

648.7
63.7
712.4

678.1
66.5
744.7

221.3
85.3
13.2
25.0
252.3
597.1

245.6
87.6
13.8
25.6
259.8
632.3

259.3
87.7
13.5
26.1
262.1
648.7

280.1
89.4
14.7
26.9
267.1
678.1

109.7
120.0
43.1
81.0
163.0
79.4
1.0
597.1

122.8
127.2
44.5
85.7
168.4
81.9
1.8
632.3

131.1
132.5
45.3
84.9
170.9
83.0
1.0
648.7

144.8
139.9
47.6
84.4
176.0
84.7
0.8
678.1

78.0
63.2
17.1
0.0
0.3
5.7
164.3

86.1
64.6
17.2
0.0
0.4
5.9
174.1

93.1
63.5
17.2
0.0
0.3
6.7
180.8

100.7
61.1
17.8
0.0
0.3
7.9
187.8

3,190
3,420
670
0
10
210
7,500

3,440
3,440
670
0
10
200
7,760

3,590
3,470
670
0
10
190
7,920

3,840
3,460
690
0
10
180
8,170

22.9
30.4
53.2

24.1
32.0
56.0

24.3
31.4
55.7

24.7
31.2
55.9

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations and travel arrangement services. **Retail includes
gasoline.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 51

Yuma County
Travel Impacts, 2006-2014p
2006
2008
2010
Total Direct Travel Spending ($Million)
Destination Spending
541.8
569.9
552.8
Other Travel*
44.5
54.7
52.6
Total Direct Spending
586.3
624.6
605.4
Visitor Spending by Type of Accommodation ($Million)
Hotel, Motel
134.5
140.2
130.3
Private Home
68.4
78.6
79.8
Campground
64.5
72.5
74.8
Vacation Home
39.5
43.7
44.5
Day Travel
234.9
234.9
223.5
Destination Spending
541.8
569.9
552.8
Visitor Spending by Commodity Purchased ($Million)
Accommodations
63.2
66.8
60.1
Food Service
97.4
103.8
107.3
Food Stores
68.8
72.9
69.1
Local Tran. & Gas
54.7
68.4
63.1
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
115.8
121.1
120.9
Retail Sales
132.4
124.4
120.1
Visitor Air Tran.
9.6
12.4
12.3
Destination Spending
541.8
569.9
552.8
Industry Earnings Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Accom. & Food Serv.
50.4
58.1
62.4
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
47.2
50.7
50.0
Retail**
31.0
31.5
27.5
Ground Tran.
0.0
0.0
0.0
Visitor Air Tran.
0.2
0.3
0.7
Other Travel*
2.6
3.4
2.8
Total Direct Earnings
131.5
143.9
143.3
Industry Employment Generated by Travel Spending (Jobs)
Accom. & Food Serv.
2,650
2,800
2,860
Arts, Ent. & Rec.
2,280
2,060
2,140
Retail**
1,150
1,110
960
Ground Tran.
0
0
0
Visitor Air Tran.
10
10
10
Other Travel*
110
130
100
Total Direct Employment
6,200
6,110
6,070
Government Revenue Generated by Travel Spending ($Million)
Local Tax Receipts
19.9
20.4
20.4
State Tax Receipts
25.3
25.8
26.8
Total Direct Gov't Revenue
45.2
46.2
47.2

2011

2012

2013

2014p

587.7
60.7
648.5

593.2
62.1
655.4

588.2
59.7
647.9

603.9
60.8
664.7

151.2
90.3
79.2
46.5
220.6
587.7

149.2
87.5
72.9
47.6
236.0
593.2

132.5
86.3
78.7
47.8
242.9
588.2

136.2
90.7
69.7
49.2
258.0
603.9

67.3
114.7
69.1
79.0
129.2
116.1
12.3
587.7

65.1
116.2
73.4
79.2
124.1
123.5
11.7
593.2

60.0
115.4
76.5
76.6
121.4
125.8
12.5
588.2

61.6
120.7
82.4
74.4
118.6
132.6
13.6
603.9

62.9
50.3
27.1
0.0
0.8
3.0
144.1

63.6
51.9
27.7
0.0
0.3
2.3
145.8

64.7
47.3
27.9
0.0
0.3
2.4
142.6

65.2
43.7
29.7
0.0
0.3
2.6
141.4

2,910
2,190
930
0
20
100
6,160

2,840
2,480
920
0
10
90
6,330

2,900
2,220
920
0
10
90
6,130

2,860
2,000
970
0
10
90
5,920

21.0
29.0
50.0

20.9
29.2
50.1

19.8
27.7
47.6

19.5
26.7
46.2

Details may not add to totals due to rounding.
*Other Travel includes ground transportation to other Arizona destinations and travel arrangement services. **Retail includes
gasoline.

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

2014 TRAVEL IMPACT ESTIMATES

APPENDIX B

KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

APPENDIX C

REGIONAL TRAVEL IMPACT MODEL

APPENDIX D

TRAVEL INDUSTRY ACCOUNTS

APPENDIX E

ARIZONA EARNINGS AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY
SECTOR

APPENDIX F

INDUSTRY GROUPS

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APPENDIX A

2014 TRAVEL IMPACT ESTIMATES
This appendix provides a brief overview of the methodology, terminology and
limitations of the travel impact and visitor volume estimates.

DIRECT IMPACTS
The estimates of the direct impacts associated with traveler spending in Arizona
were produced using the Regional Travel Impact Model (RTIM) developed by Dean
Runyan Associates. The input data used to detail the economic impacts of the
Arizona travel industry were gathered from various local, state and federal sources.
Travel impacts consist of estimates of travel spending and the employment,
earnings, and state and local taxes generated by this spending. These estimates are
also broken out by type of traveler accommodation and by the type of business in
which the expenditures occur.

GROUND TRANSPORTATION ESTIMATES
County and regional level estimates of destination or visitor spending include only a
portion of the ground transportation expenditures for travel that occur in the county.
The remaining portion is included in “other travel” as it represents transportation
costs for travel to another destination within Arizona. State level estimates of visitor
spending include all of these expenditures for ground transportation.

SECONDARY (INDIRECT AND INDUCED) IMPACTS
Direct impacts are reported for all counties within Arizona. Secondary employment
and earnings impacts over and above direct impacts are reported at the state level
only for the year 2013. These indirect and induced impacts are generated from the
direct impacts produced by the RTIM, discussed above, and an input-output model
of the Arizona economy prepared by the Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc. Indirect
impacts represent the purchases of goods and services from other firms by
businesses that directly receive expenditures from travelers. Hotels, for example,
purchase maintenance services from independent contractors. Induced impacts
represent the purchase of goods and services by employees whose earnings are in
part derived from travel expenditures. The sum of the direct, indirect and induced
impacts equals the total impact of all spending by visitors in the state. The
“multiplier” refers to the ratio of the total impacts to the direct impacts for
employment or earnings. A description of the methodology used to estimate
secondary impacts can be found in the Appendix.

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PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES
Preliminary estimates for 2014 were prepared at the state, regional and county level.
These estimates take advantage of the most current available data. However,
because full-year data was not available in all cases, these estimates are subject to
subsequent revision as additional information relating to travel and its economic
impact in 2014 becomes available.

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
An estimate of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Arizona travel
industry based on the RTIM direct travel impacts is also provided in this report.
The GDP of an industry is equal to gross output (sales or receipts) minus
intermediate inputs (the goods and services purchased from other industries).
GDP is always less than output or sales because GDP measures only the
“value added” of an industry and does not include the cost of the inputs that
are also necessary to produce a good or service. GDP is a useful concept
because it permits comparisons of the economic contributions of different
industries.
The relationship between spending and gross domestic product is illustrated in
the figure below. Examples of inputs are the food or accounting services that
restaurants purchase from suppliers. “Goods resold” are the commodities that
retail establishments purchase from manufacturers or wholesale trade
businesses and resell with a markup. These inputs or goods are not counted as
the GDP of the restaurant or retail industry because their value was created in
other industries (agriculture, accounting, manufacturing).
Relationship Between Spending and Gross Domestic Product

Inputs/Goods Resold
Operating Surplus
Indirect Taxes
Labor Income

Spending

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GDP

PAGE 55

It is for this reason that “travel spending” – as measured from surveys of visitors
– is not the best measure of the travel industry’s real economic contribution.
This is because some visitor spending is actually counted as the GDP of other
industries (e.g., agriculture, accounting, manufacturing). Furthermore, these
other industries may or may not be located within the geographic area of
interest. If the farm were located within the region of interest, then the GDP of
the local farm would be included as an indirect or secondary effect. If not
(e.g., a manufacturing firm in another state or country), then that portion of
GDP is not counted.
The preceding graph also shows the three main components of GDP. For most
industries, labor income (essentially equivalent to earnings in this report) is the
primary component of GDP. This is true of the travel industry. A second
component is the tax payments that businesses make to government, such as
sales, excise and property taxes. In the case of excise taxes, businesses are
essentially a collection agency for the government. The final component,
operating surplus, represents the income and payments (e.g., dividends,
interest) to other stakeholders of the firm.
The concept of GDP also illustrates that with small geographic units of analysis
(e.g., counties), earnings, employment, and tax revenues are the best measures
of the economic value of the travel industry to the local economy. Small area
measures of GDP are less reliable and much of the operating surplus may leak
out of the local economy anyway. Indirect effects are also generally less in
smaller economies.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER EXPORT-ORIENTED INDUSTRIES
Export-oriented industries are those industries that primarily market their
products and services to other regions, states or nations. Agriculture,
extractive industries, and manufacturing are the best examples of goods
producing export-oriented industries. Many professional services (e.g.,
engineering, architecture, law) are also traded in export markets. The travel
industry is also an export-oriented industry because goods and services are
sold to visitors, rather than residents. The travel industry injects money into
the local economy, as do the exports of other industries.
Exports are not necessarily more important than locally traded goods and
services. However, diverse export-oriented industries in any economy are a
source of strength – in part because they generate income that contributes to
the development of other local services and amenities. Such industries
characterize the “comparative advantage” of the local economy within larger
regional, national and global markets.
For the purposes of this report, we have defined five major export-oriented
industries in Arizona.

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

Aerospace. This industry comprises establishments engaged in aerospace
product and parts manufacturing.



Microelectronics. This industry includes establishments that manufacture
computers, communications equipment and similar products and
components that utilize integrated circuits. This is the largest manufacturing
subsector (NAICS 334).



Food. The food group encompasses parts of two major industry categories:
agriculture, and food manufacturing or processing.



Mining. This industry is comprised primarily of copper mining companies.



Travel. A portion of the transportation, retail, leisure, and hospitality
industries as estimated in this report.

Comparisons with these industries are more meaningful for the travel industry
than comparisons with non-export oriented industries (e.g., health care, retail
trade, government) where industry growth is largely a function of population
and demographic factors. See Appendix C for a list of Arizona industries.

INTERPRETATION OF IMPACT ESTIMATES
Users of this report should be aware of several issues regarding the interpretation of
the impact estimates contained herein:


The estimates contained in this report are based on the most current data
available and supersede all previous estimates of travel impacts.



The estimates in this report are expressed in current dollars unless otherwise
noted.



The employment estimates in this report are estimates of the total number of
full and part-time jobs directly generated by travel spending, rather than the
number of individuals employed. Both payroll and self-employment are
included in these estimates. Caution should therefore be used in comparing
these estimates with other employment data series.



In general, estimates of small geographic areas (e.g., rural counties) are less
reliable than estimates for regions or metropolitan counties. Trend analysis
and comparisons of counties with relatively low levels of travel related
economic activity should therefore be interpreted cautiously.



The estimates of travel impacts published in this report will necessarily differ
somewhat from estimates generated from different models, methodologies
and data sources. Nonetheless, it should be emphasized that all credible
estimates of direct travel impacts at the state level, including those of Dean
Runyan Associates, are of similar magnitude.

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APPENDIX B
KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Commodity: A classification of a product or service, such as lodging or food service. An
establishment or industry may produce more than one commodity.
Direct Impacts: Employment, earnings and tax receipts directly generated by travel
spending, as distinguished from secondary and total impacts.
Earnings: Earnings include wage and salary disbursements, other earned income or
benefits, and proprietor income. Only the earnings attributable to travel expenditures are
included.
Employment: Industry employment (jobs) associated with travel-generated earnings.
Includes both full-time and part-time positions, and salaried or self-employed individuals.
Employment is reported as an average for a time period, typically annual. (Unless
otherwise noted, the employment estimates refer to establishment or industry
employment at place of work, not the employment status or residence of the individual.)
Federal Taxes: Federal taxes include the motor fuel excise tax, airline ticket taxes, and
personal income and payroll taxes.
Industry: A classification of business or government establishments based on their
primary technological process. (See NAICS Appendix table.)
Local Taxes: Lodging, sales and auto rental taxes imposed by cities, counties and other
regional tax jurisdictions in Arizona. These taxes are levied on sales to visitors and the
spending of employees attributable to travel industry earnings. Passenger Facility Charges
attributable to visitors (a fee imposed on airline tickets) are included in counties with
airports. Property tax payments attributable to travel industry businesses and employees
and a portion of tribal contributions from gaming to local governments are also included.
Other spending: Other spending includes spending by residents on ground and air
transportation for travel to other destinations, spending on travel arrangement services,
and convention/ trade shows.
Private Home: Unpaid overnight accommodations of friends and relatives.
Receipts: Travel expenditures less the sales and excise taxes paid by the consumer.
State Taxes: Lodging, sales, motor fuel, and business and personal income taxes imposed
by the state of Arizona. These taxes are levied on sales to visitors and the spending of
employees attributable to travel industry earnings. A portion of tribal contributions from
gaming to state government is also included
Total Impacts: The sum of Direct and Secondary impacts.
Travel spending: The sum of visitor and other spending related to travel.
Visitor spending: All spending on goods & services by visitors at the destination. Also
referred to as destination spending.

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APPENDIX C
REGIONAL TRAVEL IMPACT MODEL
PRIMARY DATA SOURCES
Room Demand,
Visitor Surveys,
Population,
Inventory/Use
of Campsites &
Second Homes,
Visitor air
arrivals

Visitor Volume
(Travel Party Days by
Type of
Accommodation)

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TRAVEL

Accommodation
Sales,
Visitor Surveys,
Airfares

Note: Receipts equals
Spending less
POS Taxes

Ratio of
Earnings to
Receipts for
relevant
Industry

Average
Annual
Earnings per
job for
relevant
industry

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

Visitor Spending

Point of Sale Taxes

(Type of
Accommodation and
Type of Commodity)

(Sales and Excise Taxes
associated with Visitor
Spending)

Business Receipts
(not reported)

Business Taxes
(Taxes on business
income or receipts)

Earnings
(By Industry)

Employment
(By Industry)

Personal Taxes
(Local, state and
federal income and
payroll taxes)
Note: Most estimates of taxes
are based on implicit tax rates
applied to visitor spending,
business receipts, and
employee earnings. Lodging
tax receipts reflect actual tax
collections.

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APPENDIX D
TRAVEL INDUSTRY ACCOUNTS: A COMPARISON OF THE
REGIONAL TRAVEL IMPACT MODEL AND
TRAVEL & TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNTS
An economic account is a method for displaying inter-related information about a
set of economic activities. A travel industry account is a method to report different
types of related information about the purchase of goods and services by visitors.
The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), which now provides annual and quarterly
estimates of travel and tourism at the national level, describes a Travel and Tourism
Satellite Account (TTSA) as “present(ing) a rearrangement of information from the
National Income and Product Accounts, from the industry accounts, and from other
sources so that travel and tourism activities can be analyzed more completely than
is possible in the structure of the traditional national economic accounts.”1
Similarly, the RTIM has been developed by Dean Runyan Associates to estimate
travel spending, earnings, employment, and tax receipts at the state, county, and
regional levels. These initial findings can, in turn, be used as input data for deriving
estimates of other economic measures, such as value-added and indirect effects.
This appendix provides an overview of the Regional Travel Impact Model (RTIM)
and travel and tourism satellite accounts (TTSAs). Although there is no single or
absolute form of a TTSA, the one developed by the Bureau of Economic Analysis
(BEA) will be the basis of the analysis here. The definitions, framework, and
estimating methods used for the U.S. BEA TTSA follow, as closely as is practicable,
the guidelines for similar travel satellite accounts that were developed by the World
Tourism Organization (WTO) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD).
The primary focus is on the direct impacts of visitor spending. Visitors are defined
as persons that stay overnight away from home, or travel more than fifty miles oneway on a non-routine trip. Only the expenditures related to specific trips are
counted as visitor spending. Other travel related expenditures such as the
consumption of durable goods (e.g., recreational vehicles or sporting equipment) or
the purchase of vacation homes are not considered.
While such a definition of the travel industry (i.e., the trip related expenditures of
visitors) is conservative, it is also in keeping with the notion of the travel industry as
being an export-oriented industry for specific local communities. That is, visitors
are important to regions because they inject money into the local economy. This
focus on the export-oriented nature of the travel industry for local communities
becomes blurred if the industry is defined so as to include non-trip related
expenditures.
1

Peter D. Kuhbach, Mark A. Planting, and Erich H. Strassner, “U.S. Travel and Tourism Satellite
Accounts for 1998-2003,” Survey of Current Business 84 (September 2004): 43-59.

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PRIMARY CONCEPTS, CATEGORIES & DATA REQUIREMENTS
There are three primary types of information that are measured and/or estimated in a
travel industry account. The first is a measure of the travel industry in terms of both
the characteristics of the business firms that sell travel goods and services and the
characteristics of consumers that purchase travel industry goods and services. The
second is a measure of the demand segments that consume travel industry goods
and services. For example, the distinction between business and leisure travel is a
measure of demand segments. The third is a measure of the components of
economic output associated with the travel industry. The employee earnings
generated by visitor spending is one such component. Travel-generated tax receipts
are another. These three categories of information represent different aspects of the
accounting ledger – they represent different ways of viewing or analyzing the travel
industry.
The bulk of this paper will discuss these three types of information in terms of their
conceptual foundations, the data requirements, and some of the more salient issues
that users of this information should be aware of. There will also be some
discussion of indirect and induced effects in that these effects can be reasonably
estimated from the direct travel industry accounts. These secondary (versus direct)
effects describe the relationship of the travel industry to other sectors of the larger
economy.
The intent of this discussion will be to provide a general overview of the process of
constructing travel industry accounts and the underlying similarity between the
RTIM and a TTSA. More technical issues are generally placed in footnotes.

TRAVEL INDUSTRY
Defining the travel industry is probably the most critical and data intensive effort
involved in developing a travel industry account. It is an exercise in matching
supply (sellers of goods and services) with demand (the travelers that purchase those
particular goods and services). It is complicated by the fact that no single industrial
classification scheme provides a valid measure of the travel industry.2 There are
only three significant industrial classifications (Accommodations [NAICS 721],
Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation [NAICS 481111] and Travel Arrangement and
Reservation Services [NAICS 5615]) that primarily sell travel industry goods and
services.3 Firms in other industries (retail, recreation, transportation) provide goods
and services to both travelers and other types of consumers.
Because of this, most satellite accounts, as well as the RTIM, incorporate at least
some information about the expenditures of visitors in order to define the supply of
2

The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) is the current standard in the United
States.
3
Even these industries are not purely travel. For example, the accommodations industry provides
services to local residents (food service and meeting rooms). Passenger airlines also ship cargo on
the same planes that carry passengers. Fortunately, it is usually possible to make adjustments for
these non-travel components through the use of additional data.

DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

PAGE 61

visitor industry firms. For example, if there is an estimate of visitor-days and an
estimate of how much the average visitor spends on food services per day, then an
estimate of visitor spending on food services can be calculated. In most cases, this
will be only a fraction of all food service sales in that residents are a larger market
for most restaurants.4
The industry sectors that are usually matched to visitor spending in this way are:
accommodations (NAICS 721), food service (722), arts, entertainment and
recreation (71), and retail trade (44-45). A portion of transportation business is also
part of the travel industry for obvious reasons.
In the case of the transportation sector, the definition and measurement of the travel
industry component is more complicated because most transportation spending by
visitors involves travel to and from the destination, rather than travel at or within the
destination market. This is not an issue if the geographic scope of the travel industry
market includes the origin and destination of travel. National travel industry
accounts thus include all domestic passenger air transportation in the travel
industry. The issue is more complicated at the state or regional level, however.
Suppose, for example, that the focus of a travel industry account is the state of
Arizona. How should the purchase of a round trip airline ticket by a Chicago
resident traveling to Phoenix be treated in that only some of the economic impact of
this spending will occur in Arizona? A reasonable approach would be to allocate
only a portion of this spending (and related payroll, taxes, etc.) to Arizona and
ignore the remainder for the purpose of creating a travel industry account for
Arizona. However, if this procedure were followed for every state, the sum of the
state accounts would be less than the national travel account. The state accounts
would be additive if outbound air travel from each state were included. However,
this is methodologically inconsistent with the construction of a national account,
which does not include outbound travel as a component of domestic tourism
demand. The approach used in the RTIM is to make a distinction between the
visitor industry, that includes only visitor demand, and the travel industry, which
includes visitor demand and that portion of outbound travel that can be attributed to
the resident economy. For example, the passenger air transportation employment in
Arizona can be divided between three groups of travelers: inbound, outbound, and
pass-through. Only that employment attributable to inbound travel is part of the
Arizona visitor industry. Employment attributable to outbound and pass-through
travelers is included with the larger travel industry.5

4

The proportion can vary enormously among regions and localities, however. In many popular
visitor destinations, the primary market for food service will be visitors. It should also be noted that
even with reliable visitor survey data, there is still the issue of how to translate spending on food
service commodities to the supply of food service by industry. As indicated in the footnote above,
food service is also supplied by the accommodation industry.
5
The same issue arises with travel agencies and reservation services (NAICS 5615). Most of these
services are probably related to outbound travel and are treated as such in the RTIM.

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The following two tables display the specific industries that are included in the
travel industry for the BEA’s national TTSA and the RTIM. Although not identical,
the industries are equivalent with only a few exceptions.6
Bureau of Economic Analysis Tourism Industries
Distribution of Travel-Generated Compensation
in United States, 2007
Accommodation & Food Services
Traveler accommodations
Food services and drinking places

38.1%
21.5%
16.6%

Transportation
Air transportation
Rail transportation
Water transportation
Interurban bus transportation
Interurban charter bus transportation
Urban transit systems & other tran.
Taxi service
Automotive equipment rental & leasing
Automotive repair services
Parking lots and garages
Toll highways

23.3%
15.4%
0.4%
1.2%
0.3%
0.2%
1.7%
1.0%
2.0%
0.8%
0.2%
0.1%

Recreation
Scenic and sightseeing transportation
Motion pictures and performing arts
Spectator sports
Participant sports
Gambling
All other recreation and entertainment

11.2%
0.4%
1.1%
2.3%
2.4%
3.0%
2.0%

Retail & Nondurable Goods Production
Petroleum refineries
Industries producing nondurable PCE
commodities, excluding petroleum refineries
Wholesale trade & tran. services
Gasoline service stations
Retail trade services, excluding
gasoline service stations

16.2%
0.6%
4.4%
4.2%
1.3%
5.8%

Travel Arrangement

7.3%

All other industries

2.2%

Total Tourism Compensation

100.0%

Source: Adapted from Eric S. Griffith and Steven L. Zemanek, “U.S. Travel and
Tourism Satellite Accounts for 2005-2008,” Survey of Current Business (June
2009): 37, table 6.
6

The major exception is that the BEA includes the production of consumer non-durables that are
sold through retail outlets. This is not a major component and would be even less so at the level of
the state.

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PAGE 63

RTIM Travel Impact Industries Matched to NAICS
Travel Impact Industry

NAICS Industry (code)

Accommodation & Food Services
Accommodation (721)
Food Services and Drinking Places (722)
Arts, Entertainment & Recreation
Performing Arts, Spectator Sports (711)
Museums (712)
Amusement, Gambling (713)
Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation (487)
Retail
Food & Beverage Stores (445)
Gasoline Stations (447)
Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores (448)
Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book, and Music Stores (451)
General Merchandise Stores (452)
Miscellaneous Store Retailers (453)
Ground Transportation
Interurban and rural bus transportation (4852)
Taxi and Limousine Service (4853)
Charter Bus Industry (4855)
Passenger Car Rental (532111)
Parking Lots and Garages (812930)
Air Transportation
Scheduled Air Passenger Transportation (481111)
Support Activities for Air Transportation (4881)
Administrative/Support Services
Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services (5615)
Convention and Trade Show Organizers (56192)
Source: Dean Runyan Associates

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DEMAND SEGMENTS
The distinction between inbound and outbound travel has already been discussed in
the previous section and in terms of the concepts of the visitor industry and the
travel industry. Three other types of demand segments that are related exclusively
to the visitor industry will be discussed here. The first two demand categories are
reported by the BEA in their national TTSA. They are: leisure versus business
travel, and resident versus non-resident travel. The third demand category is
typically reported in the RTIM: type of traveler accommodation. These three
demand categories will be discussed in turn.
The distinction between leisure versus business travel is useful for several reasons.
Economists like to distinguish between personal consumption expenditures on the
one hand and business expenditures on the other. Indeed, this distinction is central
for the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs). Those in the travel industry
are more likely to be interested in this distinction because leisure travelers represent
a more “marketable” segment because their travel choices are less determined by
economic and business factors. Futhermore, business and leisure travelers tend to
have different spending profiles. The availability of this information in either a state
or regional TTSA or RTIM is essentially dependent on the availability of survey data
(as it is at the national level). It should be noted, however, that such estimates are
considerably less reliable for smaller geographic areas because of the limitations of
survey data. Even at the state level, year-to-year changes in the composition of this
demand segment should be interpreted in conjunction with other data.
The distinction between resident versus non-resident travel is fundamental to a
national TTSA because it mirrors the distinction between the domestic economy and
international transactions. Non-resident travel in the United States is considered an
export in the official international transaction accounts.7 The distinction is
obviously also important because it is based on different political, legal, and
currency regimes – factors that in themselves influence travel behavior. At the level
of the state or region, the distinction between resident and nonresident travel is less
important, although it is often reported.8 There are at least two reasons why this
distinction is less useful at state and regional levels.
First, there is considerably less of an economic rationale for distinguishing resident
and non-resident travel at the level of the state, or any other political jurisdiction
within the United States, than there is at the national level. States do not maintain
interstate trade balance sheets that chart the flow of goods and services across state
boundaries. From an economic point of view, the administration of the tax system
is the primary, if only, reason for this distinction. In the case of travel and tourism,

7

Conversely, the spending of U.S. visitors in other countries is treated as an import in the
international transaction accounts.
8
The issues discussed with regard to the reliability of survey data for leisure versus business travel
also applies to this category

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the evaluation of the tax impacts of resident versus nonresident travel might also be
important.9
Second, travel is behaviorally defined by length of distance from home (usually at
least 50 miles one-way), trip purpose (non-routine), and/or the use of an overnight
accommodation away from home. Rarely is domestic travel defined by virtue of
crossing a geographic boundary.10 The operators of tourist attractions in local
communities are generally less interested in the origin of visitors than in the revenue
that they generate for their businesses. In terms of the economic impacts at the
local level, the distinction between in-state residents, out-of-state residents and
international visitors may not be relevant other than for the purpose of marketing.
However, other geographic characteristics of the visitor (e.g., distance traveled, the
specific area of origin) are generally more useful measures of the visitor market than
whether the visitor is a resident or nonresident.
Finally, the distinction among different types of traveler accommodations is
generally reported in the RTIM. Typically, these categories are:


Visitors who stay in hotels, motels, B&Bs., and similar lodging facilities



Visitors who stay at campsites



Visitors who stay in the private homes of friends or relatives



Visitors who stay in vacation or second homes



Visitors who do not stay in overnight accommodations on their trip away
from home (day visitors).

These distinctions can be useful because estimates of economic impacts are often
used for different purposes. The total of all accommodation types, of course, is an
estimate of the total magnitude of the visitor industry. Visitors who stay in
commercial lodging such as hotels and motels are most likely to have the greatest
economic impact on a person-day basis. These visitors are also more likely to be
influenced by marketing efforts. In urban areas, a large proportion will represent
business travel. In other words, the type of accommodation category can be used in
conjunction with other types of data to analyze the market characteristics of visitors.

9

Nonresident visitors who pay taxes in their destination state represent an unambiguous gain for the
state. This effect is less clear for resident travelers within the state.
10
In essence, state level travel impact estimates really represent an aggregation of smaller geographic
units, such as counties or regions. Populous states with large landmasses (e.g., California or Texas)
will have a higher proportion of resident travel than small states (e.g., Rhode Island or Delaware).

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DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

COMPONENTS OF INDUSTRY OUTPUT
Because both the RTIM and the TTSA are empirically linked to NAICS industry
accounts, it is possible to provide estimates of different components of economic
output. The major economic components most often estimated are:11


Travel spending (Gross Output)



Value-added (Gross Product)



Earnings (labor income)



Indirect business taxes (sales, excise, property taxes & fees).

The relationship of these components is shown below. As indicated, the valueadded of a particular industry (the bar on the right) is equal to gross output (travel
spending) minus the intermediate inputs used by travel industry businesses to
produce the good or service. Restaurants, for example, prepare and serve the food
products that are purchased from suppliers. Airlines purchase or lease airplanes
from other firms. These intermediate inputs are not counted as part of the valueadded of the travel industry. They are counted as value-added in other industries
(e.g., agriculture, aerospace manufacturing).
Components of Industry Output

Inputs/Goods Resold
Operating Surplus
Indirect Taxes
Labor Income

Output (Spending)

Value-Added

The distinction between gross output and value-added is probably even more
important at the state or regional level. This is because the intermediate inputs that
are purchased from other industries are even more likely to be purchased from
businesses located in different regions or states. For example, the economic impact
11

There are some small differences between the BEA TTSA and the RTIM in what these components
include. The BEA allocates proprietor income to Operating Surplus, the RTIM allocates it to Labor
Income. The RTIM does not have an estimate of property taxes in indirect taxes. Overall, property
taxes on businesses are a relatively small proportion of indirect taxes.

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of air passenger travel in the state of Hawaii should not include the purchase of
airplanes manufactured in other parts of the world. Travel industry value-added is a
more meaningful measure of the true economic impact of visitor spending in
Hawaii because a portion of the economic impact of visitor spending in the state
will actually occur elsewhere.12
Value-added can also be viewed in terms of the distribution or payout of industry
receipts, exclusive of those paid to other firms for intermediate inputs. Some of the
receipts are distributed to labor as wages, benefits, and proprietor income. Some
receipts are paid to government as indirect taxes. These taxes are called “indirect”
because most of them are actually paid by consumers in the form of sales or excise
taxes.13 The remainder leaves gross operating surplus. Out of gross operating
surplus various payments are made in the form of dividends, interest, and other
payments, or retained by the firm. The sum of these three broad categories of
payments is equal to travel industry value-added. To summarize:
Value-added = Spending less intermediate goods & services, or
Value-added = Labor Income plus indirect business taxes plus gross
operating surplus.
The RTIM is similar to the TTSA in that it also provides estimates of these
components of economic output. Travel spending, earnings, and tax impacts are
generally provided at the state or regional level. Value-added is generally reported
at the state-level only (sometimes referred to as Travel Industry Gross State Product).
At the level of the state, travel industry value-added or GSP is an important measure
– more economically meaningful than travel spending.14 For smaller geographic
areas, however, the rationale for reporting value-added is less clear. First, there are
real data limitations and data costs in deriving these estimates. Second, the most
important components of value added for the travel industry are earnings and tax
receipts. Because the travel industry is relatively labor intensive and because a
large proportion of travel industry goods and services are subject to excise and sales
taxes, these two components of value-added (labor income and indirect taxes) are
relatively high for the travel industry. The local effects of gross operating surplus are
generally less important and certainly much more difficult to assess than are
earnings and tax impacts. The relevance of earnings and tax receipts is also in
keeping the export-oriented emphasis of the travel industry: earnings and tax
receipts are more likely to stay in the local economy than is operating surplus.

12

It should also be noted the value of the intermediate inputs used by travel industry firms will not
necessarily disappear if the travel industry stops buying them. Aerospace firms will shift their
production to other users (e.g., military). Agriculture will seek new markets for their products.
13
Other taxes included here are property taxes, business franchise taxes, and other fees. Income
taxes are not included, because they are paid out of operating surplus.
14
It is also possible to compare different industries with respect to their value-added. It is more
difficult and less useful to compare industries on the basis of sales.

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DEAN RUNYAN ASSOCIATES

INDIRECT, INDUCED AND SECONDARY EFFECTS
To this point, the discussion of travel industry accounts has referred only to the
direct output components. That is, the ripple effects of the re-spending of
travel industry receipts throughout the larger economy have not been
analyzed. The structure of both the TTSA and the RTIM permit such analysis.


Indirect effects refer to the intermediate inputs used to produce the final
product or service, providing that those inputs are themselves produced
within the designated geographic area.



Induced effects refer to the purchase of goods and services by
employees that are attributable to direct and indirect impacts. These
induced impacts are derived from economic data that describe the
purchasing patterns of households. For example, employees of all the
designated export-oriented industries will spend their income on food,
household durables, health care, and so on.



The sum of indirect and induced impacts is sometimes referred to as the
secondary effect. These secondary impacts may be as great or greater
than the direct impact alone.



The ratio of the total effects (direct plus either indirect, induced, or
secondary) to the direct effects is the multiplier.

The BEA reports the indirect components of economic output. This is
equivalent to domestic travel spending less the goods and services imported
from abroad to meet domestic demand. For travel, these imports would
include souvenirs manufactured in China and petroleum extracted in Saudi
Arabia. The indirect output multiplier for 2002 was 1.76. The ratio of
domestic travel spending to travel industry value-added was 1.88. The
difference reflects the intermediate inputs for travel imported from abroad.
At the state level, these indirect output multipliers are typically lower because
relatively more of the intermediate inputs are purchased from outside of the
state. At the county or metropolitan level, the multipliers are generally even
lower for the same reason. Furthermore, the estimates are usually less reliable
because of the data limitations of the regional input-output model used to
estimate the indirect effects.
The BEA does not report induced effects – the effect of household spending of
the direct and indirect labor income. Typically, these induced effects will be
larger than the indirect effects at the state or regional level, in part because
they are based on both the direct and indirect components.15 As with indirect
effects, the induced effects will also tend to be lower for smaller economic
areas and the reliability of the estimates will be less.
15

The induced effects can be estimated with the Implan model maintained by the Minnesota Implan
Group.

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Secondary effects should be interpreted cautiously. These effects describe the
relationship of economic transactions at a point in time. These relationships
will not necessarily remain constant with a change in direct economic output.
This is because all economic resources have alternative uses. Because of this,
it is often difficult to determine the effect of an increase or decrease in visitor
spending on the larger economic system over time.

THE REGIONAL TRAVEL IMPACT MODEL AND TRAVEL & TOURISM SATELLITE
ACCOUNTS COMPARED
This appendix has provided an overview of Dean Runyan Associates RTIM and
the Bureau of Economic Analysis’ domestic TTSA. These travel industry
accounts are similar in terms of how they define the travel industry and the
measures of the industry that are reported. The differences stem largely from
their different levels of analysis – the BEA provides estimates at the national
level only, while the RTIM’s are typically constructed on a state or regional
level. Because of this geographic focus, the RTIM provides a distinction
between the visitor industry and the travel industry. The RTIM also provides
measures of all of the components of economic output and secondary effects at
the state or large region level. At smaller units of analysis, however, the
emphasis is on earnings and tax receipts generated by travel spending as these
are the most reliable and meaningful measures of the economic impact of
travel at the local level.

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APPENDIX E
Arizona Earnings and Employment by Industry Sector, 2013
Earnings
Industry Sector
Primarily Export-Oriented
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and related
Mining
Manufacturing

**Travel
Primarily Non Export-Oriented
Construction
Utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Real estate and rental and leasing
Management of companies and enterprises
Administrative and waste services
Other services, except public administration
Government and government enterprises
Mixed
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Finance and insurance
Professional and technical services
Educational services
Health care and social assistance
Leisure and Hospitality
Arizona Total**

($Billion)

16.4
1.3
1.4
13.6
5.5

Percent Employment
of Total
(Thousand)
9.7%
0.8%
0.9%
8.1%

Percent
of Total

3.2%

237
44
24
168
164

7.0%
1.3%
0.7%
5.0%

4.8%

86.4
9.7
1.6
8.6
12.6
5.1
2.9
10.0
6.3
29.8

51.0%
5.7%
0.9%
5.1%
7.4%
3.0%
1.7%
5.9%
3.7%
17.6%

1,812
175
12
111
363
221
34
277
177
442

53.4%
5.2%
0.4%
3.3%
10.7%
6.5%
1.0%
8.2%
5.2%
13.0%

66.7
5.3
3.5
12.4
13.5
2.9
20.8
8.3
169.5

39.3%
3.1%
2.0%
7.3%
8.0%
1.7%
12.3%
4.9%
100.0%

1,343
98
53
214
211
71
367
329
3,392

39.6%
2.9%
1.6%
6.3%
6.2%
2.1%
10.8%
9.7%
100.0%

**Travel is not included in the sub and grand totals because it is also represented in other sectors (primarily leisure
and hospitality, transporation, and retail trade).

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APPENDIX F
Industry Groups
Accomm. & Food Serv.
Eating & Drinking
Hotels and Lodging Places
Agric. & Food Proc.
Agricultural- Forestry- Fishery Services
Animal and Marine Fats and Oils
Blended and Prepared Flour
Bottled and Canned Soft Drinks & Water
Bread- Cake- and Related Products
Canned and Cured Sea Foods
Canned Fruits and Vegetables
Canned Specialties
Cattle Feedlots
Cereal Preparations
Cheese- Natural and Processed
Chewing and Smoking Tobacco
Chewing Gum
Chocolate and Cocoa Products
Cigarettes
Cigars
Commercial Fishing
Condensed and Evaporated Milk
Confectionery Products
Cookies and Crackers
Cotton
Cottonseed Oil Mills
Creamery Butter
Dairy Farm Products
Dehydrated Food Products
Distilled Liquor- Except Brandy
Dog- Cat- and Other Pet Food
Feed Grains
Flavoring Extracts and Syrups- N.E.C.
Flour and Other Grain Mill Products
Fluid Milk
Food Grains
Food Preparations- N.E.C
Forest Products
Forestry Products
Frozen Fruits- Juices and Vegetables
Frozen Specialties
Fruits
Grass Seeds

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Agric. & Food Proc.
Greenhouse and Nursery Products
Hay and Pasture
Hogs- Pigs and Swine
Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts
Landscape and Horticultural Services
Macaroni and Spaghetti
Malt
Malt Beverages
Manufactured Ice
Meat Packing Plants
Miscellaneous Crops
Miscellaneous Livestock
Oil Bearing Crops
Other Meat Animal Products
Pickles- Sauces- and Salad Dressings
Potato Chips & Similar Snacks
Poultry and Eggs
Poultry Processing
Prepared Feeds- N.E.C
Prepared Fresh Or Frozen Fish Or Seafood
Ranch Fed Cattle
Range Fed Cattle
Rice Milling
Roasted Coffee
Salted and Roasted Nuts & Seeds
Sausages and Other Prepared Meats
Sheep- Lambs and Goats
Shortening and Cooking Oils
Soybean Oil Mills
Sugar
Sugar Crops
Tobacco
Tobacco Stemming and Redrying
Tree Nuts
Vegetable Oil Mills- N.E.C
Vegetables
Wet Corn Milling
Wines- Brandy- and Brandy Spirits
Arts, Entertain., Rec.
Amusement and Recreation Services- N.E.C.
Bowling Alleys and Pool Halls
Commercial Sports Except Racing
Membership Sports and Recreation Clubs
Motion Pictures
Other Nonprofit Organizations
Racing and Track Operation
Theatrical Producers- Bands Etc.
Water Transportation

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Construction
Maintenance and Repair Oil and Gas Wells
Maintenance and Repair Other Facilities
Maintenance and Repair- Residential
New Farm Structures
New Government Facilities
New Highways and Streets
New Industrial and Commercial Buildings
New Mineral Extraction Facilities
New Residential Structures
New Utility Structures
Finance, Real Estate
Banking
Credit Agencies
Insurance Agents and Brokers
Insurance Carriers
Owner-occupied Dwellings
Real Estate
Security and Commodity Brokers
Government
Commodity Credit Corporation
Federal Electric Utilities
Federal Government - Military
Federal Government - Non-Military
Local Government Passenger Transit
Other Federal Government Enterprises
Other State and Local Govt Enterprises
State & Local Government - Education
State & Local Government - Non-Education
State and Local Electric Utilities
U.S. Postal Service
Misc. Manf.
Includes all utilities, mining and manfacturing industries
not elsewhere classified

Misc. Services
Advertising
Beauty and Barber Shops
Computer and Data Processing Services
Detective and Protective Services
Domestic Services
Electrical Repair Service
Equipment Rental and Leasing
Funeral Service and Crematories
Laundry- Cleaning and Shoe Repair
Miscellaneous Personal Services
Miscellaneous Repair Shops
Other Business Services
Personnel Supply Services
Photofinishing- Commercial Photography
Portrait and Photographic Studios
Services To Buildings
Watch- Clock- Jewelry and Furniture Repair

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Prof. Services
Accounting- Auditing and Bookkeeping
Business Associations
Child Day Care Services
Colleges- Universities- Schools
Doctors and Dentists
Elementary and Secondary Schools
Engineering- Architectural Services
Hospitals
Job Trainings & Related Services
Labor and Civic Organizations
Legal Services
Management and Consulting Services
Nursing and Protective Care
Other Educational Services
Other Medical and Health Services
Religious Organizations
Research- Development & Testing Services
Residential Care
Social Services- N.E.C.
Retail Trade
Apparel & Accessory Stores
Building Materials & Gardening
Food Stores
Furniture & Home Furnishings Stores
General Merchandise Stores
Miscellaneous Retail
Wholesale Trade
Transportation
Air Transportation
Arrangement Of Passenger Transportation
Automobile Parking and Car Wash
Automobile Rental and Leasing
Automobile Repair and Services
Automotive Dealers & Service Stations
Local- Interurban Passenger Transit
Motor Freight Transport and Warehousing
Railroads and Related Services
Transportation Services

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