Maricopa County Air Quality Department 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review May 2006 Air Monitoring Division 1001 N. Central Ave. Suite 550 Phoenix, AZ 85004 Acknowledgements The Maricopa County Air Monitoring Division maintains more than twenty ambient air monitoring sites throughout Maricopa County. There have been several challenges this year including the implementation of new sites and new monitors. Two new technicians were hired this year (Carl Harper and Charles Miller), as well as a new equipment coordinator (Daniel Fields) and a new data coordinator (Ronald Pope). I would especially like to thank all of the air monitoring staff for the excellent job they did in maintaining Maricopa County’s air monitoring network. They are Larry Seals, Del Hawkins, Gary Ensminger, Dan Fields, Ronald Pope, Tom Shorb, Bill Searle, Dale Foster, Chris Hernandez, Hugh Tom, Charles Miller, Carl Harper, and Robert Dyer. In addition, the assistance of other agencies that provided data and helpful comments to this review is gratefully acknowledged. These include Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ), Pinal County Air Quality Control District (PCAQCD), and Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG). Ben Davis Air Monitoring Division Manager Maricopa County Air Quality Department Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................................................................. II ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1 DEFINITION OF TERMS .................................................................................................................................................... 2 CRITERIA POLLUTANT INFORMATION...................................................................................................................... 3 ABSTRACT OF POLLUTANTS .................................................................................................................................................. 3 CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTANTS................................................................................................................. 3 Carbon Monoxide:............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Lead:................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Nitrogen Dioxide:............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Ozone: .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Particulate Matter: ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 Sulfur Dioxide: ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS .................................................................................................................. 5 ABSTRACT OF MCAQD POLLUTION MONITORING STRATEGIES ........................................................................................... 5 NETWORK DESIGN ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE NETWORK ........................................................................................................................ 6 OVERVIEW OF THE MCAQD NETWORK................................................................................................................................ 7 2005 SUMMARY OF NETWORK RESULTS AND REQUIRED INFORMATION ................................................... 12 DATA COMPLETENESS ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 2005 CONCENTRATION RANGES ......................................................................................................................................... 12 CRITERIA POLLUTANT SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Carbon Monoxide (CO).................................................................................................................................................. 15 Ozone (O3)...................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Particulate Matter (PM10) ............................................................................................................................................... 18 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)............................................................................................................................................... 19 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ................................................................................................................................................. 20 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 2005 NAAQS EXCEEDANCE AND VIOLATION SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 21 2005 VIOLATIONS OF THE 24-HOUR PM10 STANDARD ........................................................................................................ 23 2005 VIOLATIONS OF THE ANNUAL PARTICULATE STANDARD ........................................................................................... 24 POLLUTION TRENDS ............................................................................................................................................................ 25 Carbon Monoxide........................................................................................................................................................... 25 Nitrogen Dioxide............................................................................................................................................................ 25 Ozone ............................................................................................................................................................................. 26 Particulates ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Sulfur Dioxide ................................................................................................................................................................ 27 SPECIAL PROJECTS AND NETWORK CHANGES .................................................................................................... 28 SEASONAL MONITORS......................................................................................................................................................... 28 THE CONSIDERATION OF ADDITIONAL SITES/MONITORS .................................................................................................... 28 NEW SITES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 28 CLOSED SITES/MONITORS ................................................................................................................................................... 29 OTHER NETWORK CHANGES/SPECIAL PROJECTS/COMMENTS............................................................................................. 29 CONVERTING TO CONTINUOUS PARTICULATE MONITORING ............................................................................................... 29 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ............................................................................................................................................. 30 EPA OZONE MAPPING ........................................................................................................................................................ 30 MARICOPA COUNTY’S INTERACTIVE POLLUTION MAP ....................................................................................................... 31 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................................... 32 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review iii Maricopa County, AZ APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................................................................... 34 MONITORING SITE DETAILS (PHOTOS AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION) ........................................................ 34 MARICOPA COUNTY BLUE POINT AIR MONITORING SITE ................................................................................................... 35 MARICOPA COUNTY BUCKEYE AIR MONITORING SITE ....................................................................................................... 36 MARICOPA COUNTY CAVE CREEK AIR MONITORING SITE ................................................................................................. 37 MARICOPA COUNTY CENTRAL PHOENIX AIR MONITORING SITE ........................................................................................ 38 MARICOPA COUNTY CHANDLER AIR MONITORING SITE .................................................................................................... 39 MARICOPA COUNTY DURANGO COMPLEX AIR MONITORING SITE ..................................................................................... 40 MARICOPA COUNTY DYSART AIR MONITORING SITE ......................................................................................................... 41 MARICOPA COUNTY FALCON FIELD AIR MONITORING SITE ............................................................................................... 42 MARICOPA COUNTY FOUNTAIN HILLS AIR MONITORING SITE ........................................................................................... 43 MARICOPA COUNTY GLENDALE AIR MONITORING SITE ..................................................................................................... 44 MARICOPA COUNTY GREENWOOD AIR MONITORING SITE ................................................................................................. 45 MARICOPA COUNTY HIGLEY AIR MONITORING SITE .......................................................................................................... 46 MARICOPA COUNTY HUMBOLDT MOUNTAIN AIR MONITORING SITE ................................................................................. 47 MARICOPA COUNTY MESA AIR MONITORING SITE ............................................................................................................. 48 MARICOPA COUNTY NORTH PHOENIX AIR MONITORING SITE ........................................................................................... 49 MARICOPA COUNTY PINNACLE PEAK AIR MONITORING SITE............................................................................................. 50 MARICOPA COUNTY RIO VERDE AIR MONITORING SITE .................................................................................................... 51 MARICOPA COUNTY SOUTH PHOENIX AIR MONITORING SITE ............................................................................................ 52 MARICOPA COUNTY SOUTH SCOTTSDALE AIR MONITORING SITE...................................................................................... 53 MARICOPA COUNTY TEMPE AIR MONITORING SITE ........................................................................................................... 54 MARICOPA COUNTY WEST CHANDLER AIR MONITORING SITE .......................................................................................... 55 MARICOPA COUNTY WEST 43RD AVENUE AIR MONITORING SITE ....................................................................................... 56 MARICOPA COUNTY WEST INDIAN SCHOOL ROAD AIR MONITORING SITE ........................................................................ 57 MARICOPA COUNTY WEST PHOENIX AIR MONITORING SITE.............................................................................................. 58 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review iv Maricopa County, AZ List of Tables Table 1. National Ambient Air Quality Standards .................................................................................................................. 5 Table 2. Site Monitoring Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Table 3. Spatial Measurement Scales ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Table 4. Maricopa County Ambient Air Monitoring Sites for 2005 ....................................................................................... 8 Table 5. Criteria Pollutants Monitored, by Site and Network ................................................................................................. 8 Table 6. Site Location ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Table 7. Site Instrument Setup .............................................................................................................................................. 11 Table 8. 2005 Criteria Pollutant Data Completeness............................................................................................................. 12 Table 9. Distribution of 8-hour Carbon Monoxide Concentrations....................................................................................... 13 Table 10. Distribution of 1-hour Ozone Concentrations ....................................................................................................... 13 Table 11. Distribution of 1-hour Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations...................................................................................... 14 Table 12. Distribution of 24-hr Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations............................................................................................ 14 Table 13. Distribution of 24-hour PM10 Concentrations ....................................................................................................... 14 Table 14. 2005 1-hour and 8-hour Average Carbon Monoxide Summary ............................................................................ 15 Table 15. 2005 One Hour Average Ozone Summary............................................................................................................ 16 Table 16. 2005 8-hr Average Ozone Summary..................................................................................................................... 17 Table 17. 3 Year Average of 8-Hour Ozone ......................................................................................................................... 17 Table 18. 2005 PM10 Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 18 Table 19. 2005 PM2.5 Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Table 20. 2005 Continuous PM2.5 Data Summary............................................................................................................... 19 Table 21. 2005 Nitrogen Dioxide Summary ......................................................................................................................... 20 Table 22. 2005 Sulfur Dioxide Summary.............................................................................................................................. 20 Table 23. 2005 NAAQS Exceedances and Violations Summary .......................................................................................... 21 Table 24. 2005 Ozone 8-hour Average Exceedance Details ................................................................................................. 21 Table 25. 2005 PM10 24-hour Average Exceedance Details ................................................................................................. 22 Table 26. 2005 PM10 Annual Average Exceedance Details .................................................................................................. 22 Table 27. Violations of the 24-hr PM10 Standard .................................................................................................................. 23 Table 28. Violations of the Annual PM10 Standard ............................................................................................................... 24 Table 29. Seasonal Monitors ................................................................................................................................................. 28 Table 30. Air Quality Index .................................................................................................................................................. 30 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review v Maricopa County, AZ ABSTRACT This 2005 Annual Air Monitoring Network Review is being submitted by the Maricopa County Air Quality Department1 (MCAQD) to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Region 9. The network review evaluates the adequacy of the ambient air monitoring network with respect to the monitoring objectives and spatial scales. This annual assessment is required by 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix F. The National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS) and State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) are evaluated for their location and adequacy. Network changes, special projects, and 3-year data summaries are also included in the review. This network review has the secondary purpose of informing the public of the criteria air pollutants that can affect their health, how the MCAQD monitors these criteria pollutants, and what the actual readings are so that our citizens can make informed decisions regarding their lifestyles. 1 The functions of the former Air Quality Division of the Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD) were transferred to the newly-created Air Quality Department in November 2004. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 1 Maricopa County, AZ DEFINITION OF TERMS ADEQ: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. AQS: Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Quality System CFR: Code of Federal Regulations. Class I: Federally designated park or wilderness area with mandated visibility protection. CO: Carbon monoxide. Criteria Pollutants: Six pollutants (CO, lead, NO2, O3, Particulates, and SO2) that have NAAQS established by the US EPA. Delta T: Difference between two levels of temperature measurements. Delta T is measured in the MCAQD network at 2 and 10 meters. EPA: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. FDMSTEOM: Filter Dynamics Measurement System-Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance. A continuous particulate measuring instrument used by MCAQD to measure PM2.5. HAPs: Hazardous air pollutants. An air-born chemical that has been listed in the federal Clean Air Act and has an associated standard or process requirement determined for it. MCAQD: Maricopa County Air Quality Department. µg/m3: Microgram per cubic meter. NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standards. A health and welfare-based standard that is set by the US EPA to qualify allowable levels of criteria pollutants. NAMS: National Air Monitoring Station. The NAMS (1,080 stations nationwide) are a subset of the SLAMS network with emphasis being given to urban and multi-source areas. In effect, they are key sites under SLAMS, with emphasis on areas of maximum concentrations and high population density. NO2: Nitrogen dioxide. NOX: Sum of nitrogen oxide and NO2. O3: Ozone. Pb: Lead. PM: Particulate matter. Material suspended in the air in the form of minute solid particles or liquid droplets. PM2.5: Particulate matter of 2.5 Microns in diameter or smaller Particulate matter of 10 Microns in diameter or smaller. PM10: PPB: Parts per billion. PPM: Parts per million. SIP: State Implementation Plan. SIPs are a collection of state and local regulations and plans to achieve healthy air quality under the Clean Air Act. SLAMS: State and Local Air Monitoring Station. The SLAMS consist of a network of ~ 4,000 monitoring stations nationwide whose size and distribution is largely determined by the needs of State and local air pollution control agencies to meet their respective State implementation plan (SIP) requirements. SO2: Sulfur dioxide. SPM: Special purpose monitor. Special Purpose Monitoring Stations provide for special studies needed by the State and local agencies to support State implementation plans and other air program activities. The SPMs are not permanently established and can be adjusted easily to accommodate changing needs and priorities. SSI: Size Selective Inlet. SSI High Volume Samplers are filter-based instruments used by MCAQD to measure PM10. TEOM: Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance. A continuous particulate measuring instrument used by MCAQD to measure particulate matter. TSP: Total suspended particulate. VOC: Volatile organic compounds. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 2 Maricopa County, AZ CRITERIA POLLUTANT INFORMATION Abstract of Pollutants Certain air pollutants, called “criteria air pollutants,” are common throughout the United States. These pollutants can cause health problems, pollute the environment, and cause property damage. These criteria pollutants are so named since the US EPA has regulations, called the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), on allowable levels of these substances using health-based criteria. One set of limits, called “primary standards”, protect health, while another set of “secondary” standards, are designed to protect property and the environment. The US EPA names the following pollutants as criteria pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), particulates (PM10 & PM2.5), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). MCAQD operates monitors for the following criteria pollutants: carbon monoxide, ozone, particulates, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Since levels of lead have been consistently below national levels, MCAQD has been allowed to stop monitoring for lead. Causes and Characteristics of Pollutants Carbon Monoxide: CO is the most widely distributed and most commonly occurring air pollutant. Total emissions of CO to the atmosphere exceed all other pollutants combined, on a weight basis. Fortunately, CO does not persist in the atmosphere, but is quickly converted to carbon dioxide (CO2). CO can reach dangerous levels in localized areas or hotspots such as heavily traveled intersections or city streets. In addition, CO has been implicated in ozone formation. Most people are familiar with CO and are aware that automobiles produce this deadly odorless and colorless gas. In Maricopa County, more than 70% of all anthropogenic CO comes from motor vehicle emissions. In fact, this gas is produced almost anytime something is burned. All substances that are living (plants, animals) or that were once living (wood, coal, oil, gasoline) are composed of carbon compounds. If these substances are burned in the presence of sufficient oxygen, the carbon is converted to CO2 gas. If, as is often the case, not enough oxygen is present, carbon monoxide gas is produced. Carbon monoxide’s danger lies in the extremely strong affinity that hemoglobin has for it. Hemoglobin, the special oxygen-transporting material in the red blood cell, has approximately 200 times stronger affinity for CO than for oxygen. Therefore, if both CO and O2 are present the bonding between the CO and hemoglobin will prevent the O2 from exchanging with a person’s body. This puts a heavy burden on people with heart disease and can aggravate angina, but even healthy people can suffer from harmful side effects from CO. In 2005 Maricopa County achieved its ninth consecutive year of compliance with the eight-hour CO standard. Lead: Lead is a metal found naturally in the environment as well as in manufactured products. The major sources of lead emissions have historically been motor vehicles (such as cars and trucks) and industrial sources. Due to the phase out of leaded gasoline, metals processing is the major source of lead emissions to the air today. The highest levels of lead in air are generally found near lead smelters. Other stationary sources are waste incinerators, utilities, and lead-acid battery manufacturers. In the early 1970s, EPA set national regulations to gradually reduce the lead content in gasoline. In 1975, unleaded gasoline was introduced for motor vehicles equipped with catalytic converters. EPA banned the use of leaded gasoline in highway vehicles in December 1995. Primarily as a result of EPA's regulatory efforts to remove lead from gasoline, levels of lead in the air have decreased by 94 percent between 1980 and 1999. Since levels of lead have been consistently below national levels, Maricopa County was allowed to discontinue ambient air monitoring for lead in 1997. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 3 Maricopa County, AZ Nitrogen Dioxide: NO2 belongs to a family of highly reactive gases called nitrogen oxides. These gases are formed when fuel is burned at high temperatures, and are emitted primarily from automobile exhaust and power plants. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide can irritate the lungs and lower resistance to respiratory infections, particularly in people with existing respiratory illness such as asthma. Ozone: O3 is a naturally occurring compound in which three oxygen atoms combine together. This is an unstable combination, and ozone is continually going through a natural cycle of being formed and then converting back to the more stable “normal” double oxygen compound (O2). The cycle occurs fairly rapidly. In the stratosphere (6 miles and more above the earth), naturally occurring ozone has a beneficial effect of screening out harmful ultraviolet light from the sun. However, ground-level ozone is a pollutant and is a component of the regional smog that affects the valley. Ozone is not directly emitted into the air, but rather forms in a complex reaction that involves heat, sunlight, and a “soup” of toxic pollutants, especially volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Some of the most common sources of VOCs are gasoline vapors, chemical solvents, and combustion products of fuels and consumer products. Ozone is created by sunlight acting on nitrates (NOX) and VOCs from motor vehicles and stationary sources, and can be carried hundreds of miles from their origins. Ozone affects the respiratory system in people and animals, and also affects the growth of plants. Particulate Matter: Particulate matter is the term for solid or liquid particles found in the air. Particle pollution is made up of a number of components, including acids (such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles. While some particles are large or dark enough to be seen as soot or smoke, others can only be seen through an electron microscope. In 1987 the EPA replaced the Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) air quality standard with a standard for PM10 (particles measuring ten microns or less). Health research studies have found that PM10 has the ability to reach the lower regions of the respiratory tract, and thus can affect the respiratory system in both humans and animals. Particulates that have high acid levels can cause damage to man-made materials and reduce visibility. The size of particles is directly linked to their potential for causing health problems. EPA is concerned about particles that are 10 micrometers in diameter or smaller because those are the particles that generally pass through the throat and nose and enter the lungs. Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause serious health effects. EPA groups particle pollution into two categories: • "Coarse particles," such as those found near roadways and dusty industries, range in size from 2.5 to 10 microns in diameter. • "Fine particles," such as those found in smoke and haze, have diameters smaller than 2.5 microns. These particles can be directly emitted from sources such as forest fires, or they can form when gases emitted from power plants, industries and automobiles react in the air. Sulfur Dioxide: SO2 is emitted (in gaseous form) largely from burning high-sulfur coal, oil, and diesel fuel. Because this gas is usually found in association with particulate pollution, as SO2 is the precursor for fine sulfate particles, separating the health effects of these two pollutants is difficult. Together SO2 and PM2.5 make up a major portion of the pollutant load in many cities, acting separately and in concert to threaten public health. SO2 contributes to respiratory illness, particularly in children and the elderly, and aggravates existing heart and lung diseases. SO2 contributes to the formation of acid rain, and it contributes to the formation of atmospheric particles that cause visibility impairment, most noticeably in national parks. SO2 and the pollutants formed from SO2, such as sulfate particles, can be transported over long distances and deposited far from the point of origin. This means that problems with SO2 are not confined to areas where it is emitted. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 4 Maricopa County, AZ National Ambient Air Quality Standards The EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) manages programs to improve air quality in areas where the current quality is unacceptable and to prevent deterioration in areas where the air is relatively free of contamination. To accomplish this task, OAQPS establishes the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for each of the criteria pollutants. There are two types of standards. Primary standards protect against adverse health effects; secondary standards protect against welfare effects, such as damage to farm crops and vegetation and damage to buildings. Because different pollutants have different effects, the NAAQS are also different. Some pollutants have standards for both long-term and short-term averaging times. The short-term standards are designed to protect against acute, or short-term, health effects, while the long-term standards are established to protect against chronic health effects. Table 1 lists the NAAQS for six criteria pollutants. Table 1. National Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutant Primary Standards 9 ppm Carbon Monoxide 35 ppm Lead 1.5 µg/m3 Nitrogen Dioxide 0.053 ppm 50 µg/m3 PM10 150 µg /m3 15 µg/m3 PM2.5 65 µg/m3 Ozone 0.08 ppm 0.03 ppm Sulfur Oxides 0.14 ppm ------1 Not to be exceeded more than once per year. Averaging Times 8-hour1 1-hour1 Quarterly Average Annual (Arithmetic Mean) Annual2 (Arithmetic. Mean) 24-hour1 3 Annual (Arithmetic Mean) 24-hour4 8-hour5 Annual (Arithmetic Mean) 24-hour1 3-hour1 Secondary Standard None None Same as Primary Same as Primary Same as Primary Same as Primary Same as Primary ------------0.5 ppm 2 To attain this standard, the three year average of the annual arithmetic mean PM10 concentration at each monitor within an area must not exceed 50 µg/m3. 3 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the annual arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentrations from single or multiple community-oriented monitors must not exceed 15 µg/m3. 4 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations at each population-oriented monitor within an area must not exceed 65 µg/m3. 5 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed 0.08 ppm. Abstract of MCAQD Pollution Monitoring Strategies The MCAQD monitors for these criteria pollutants by maintaining twenty-four ambient air-monitoring sites throughout Maricopa County. The dates that the sites were established range from 1961 (Central Phoenix) to 2004 (Buckeye). Land use patterns around these sites vary from heavy populated urban areas to sparsely populated rural settings. Site elevations range from the Salt River channel to the top of Humboldt Mountain. Not all pollutants are measured at all sites; some sites measure all of the pollutants, while others only measure one or two pollutants. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 5 Maricopa County, AZ NETWORK DESIGN Purpose and Objective of the Network The purpose of the ambient air monitoring network is to sample air pollution in a variety of settings, assess the health and welfare effects, and assist in determining sources of air pollution. In general, six basic monitoring objectives and five measuring scales are used to determine the network design (see Tables 2 and 3). Additional considerations such as availability of power, accessibility to site, security, geographic location, and fiscal and personnel resources are also addressed in determining the feasibility of the network design. Table 2. Site Monitoring Objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Determine highest concentrations expected to occur in the area covered by the network. Determine representative concentrations in areas of high population density. Determine the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories. Determine general background concentration levels. Determine the extent of regional pollutant transport from populated areas, with regards to the secondary standards (such as visibility impairment and effects on vegetation). 6. Determine the welfare-related impacts in more rural and remote areas. To establish or evaluate a site, one must link its monitoring objectives to the physical location of the site. This can be done by matching the spatial scale, which represents the sample of air around the monitor where pollutant concentrations are reasonably uniform, with the most appropriate monitoring objective. Thus, spatial scale represents the physical dimensions of the air parcel around the monitor, and monitoring objective represents the overall purpose of the monitor. Combining the proper spatial scale with the monitoring objective explains why air monitoring sites are located in particular areas. Table 3. Spatial Measurement Scales Scale Defined parameter (radius) Micro Scale Middle Scale Neighborhood Scale Urban Scale Regional Scale 0 to 100 meters 100 to 500 meters 0.5 to 4 kilometers 4 to 50 kilometers 10 to 100s of kilometers Since it is physically and fiscally impossible to monitor air quality in every location, representative samples must be obtained. The optimal locations for obtaining these samples are determined by using the monitoring objectives and the spatial measurement scales described above. For example, there might be numerous locations where the highest concentration of carbon monoxide may occur. Using these principles, only one or two sites will be established to represent all of the high-concentration areas. The same reasoning can be used for different types of pollutants. This does not mean that the number of monitoring sites is fixed. To the contrary, the network must be dynamic enough to maintain a current representative sample of the air quality. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 6 Maricopa County, AZ Overview of the MCAQD Network MCAQD operated a network of 24 monitoring sites in 2005. The following image details the location of these sites and gives the abbreviation symbols used by Maricopa County. Tables 4 and 5, which follow, give the AQS code assigned to each site and details which criteria pollutant is monitored at which site along with the monitor designation, respectively. Tables 6 and 7 give more specific information about the location of the sites and the types and numbers of monitors at each site, respectively. Site Abbreviation BP BE CC CP CH DC DY FF FH GL GR HI HM ME NP PP RV SP SS TE WC WF WI WP 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review Site Name Blue Point Buckeye Cave Creek Central Phoenix Chandler Durango Complex Dysart Falcon Field Fountain Hills Glendale Greenwood Higley Humboldt Mountain Mesa North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler West 43rd Avenue W. Indian School West Phoenix 7 Maricopa County, AZ Table 4. Maricopa County Ambient Air Monitoring Sites for 2005 Site Name Blue Point Buckeye Cave Creek Chandler Central Phoenix Durango Complex Dysart Falcon Field Fountain Hills Glendale Greenwood Higley Site Abbr. BP BE CC CH CP DC DY FF FH GL GR HI AQS Code 04-013-9702 04-013-4011 04-013-4008 04-013-0021 04-013-3002 04-013-9812 04-013-4010 04-013-1010 04-013-9704 04-013-2001 04-013-3010 04-013-4006 Site Name Humboldt Mountain Mesa North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler West 43rd Ave. W. Indian School Rd. West Phoenix Site Abbr. HM ME NP PP RV SP SS TE WC WF WI WP AQS Code 04-013-9508 04-013-1003 04-013-1004 04-013-2005 04-013-9706 04-013-4003 04-013-3003 04-013-4005 04-013-4004 04-013-4009 04-013-0016 04-013-0019 Table 5. Criteria Pollutants Monitored, by Site and Network Site Blue Point Buckeye Cave Creek Chandler Central Phoenix Durango Complex Dysart Falcon Field Fountain Hills Glendale Greenwood Higley Humboldt Mountain Mesa North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler West 43rd Ave. W. Indian School Rd. West Phoenix O3 NAMS SLAMS SLAMS CO PM2.5 SLAMS NAMS NAMS SLAMS SLAMS NAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS PM10 NO2 SLAMS SLAMS NAMS NAMS SLAMS SLAMS NAMS SLAMS SLAMS SO2 NAMS NAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SPM SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SPM SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS NAMS SLAMS NAMS NAMS 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 8 NAMS NAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS NAMS SLAMS Maricopa County, AZ Table 6. Site Location Site Latitude Longitude Site Location BP BE CC CH CP DC DY FF FH GL GR HI HM ME NP PP RV SP SS TE WC WF WI WP 33° 33' 09.263" 33.36980 33° 49.32' 33° 17' 09.630" 33° 27' 29.130" 33° 25' 60" 33.6370 33° 27' 09.371" 33° 36' 39.30" 33° 34' 09.487" 33° 27' 38.872" 33° 18.47' 33° 58' 53.255" 33° 24' 37.798" 33° 33' 37.055" 33° 42' 43.440" 33° 43' 06.418" 33° 24' 12.410" 33° 28' 46.049" 33° 24.67' 33° 17.93' 33° 24.37' 33° 29' 40.950" 33° 29' 01.280" -111° 36' 25.465" -112.62014 -112° 1.02' -111° 49' 03.691" -112° 02' 28.809" -112° 07' 12" -112.3394 -111°43' 58.462" -111° 43' 31.33" -112° 11' 26.855" -112° 07' 00.526" -111° 43.33' -111° 47' 50.478" -111° 51' 51.518" -112° 03' 55.797" -111° 51' 05.644" -111° 40' 16.142" -112° 04' 23.196" -111° 54' 59.250" -111°56.10' -111° 53.04' -112° 88.66' -112° 07' 48.825" -112° 08' 31.463" Usery Pass & Bush Highway MC85 & HWY 85 32nd St. & Carefree Highway Pecos & McQueen 19th St & Roosevelt 27th Ave. & Durango St. Bell Rd. & Dysart Rd. McKellips & Greenfield Palisades & Fountain Hills Blvd. 59th Ave & W. Olive 27th Ave. & Interstate 10 Higley Rd. & Chandler Blvd Top of Humboldt Mountain Broadway Rd. & Alma School Rd. 7th Street & Dunlap Avenue Pima Rd & Pinnacle Peak Forest Rd & Del Ray Ave. Central Ave. & Broadway Scottsdale Rd. & Thomas Rd. College Ave. & Apache Blvd. Ellis St. & Frye Rd. 43rd Ave. & Broadway Rd. 33rd Ave. & Indian School Rd. 39th Ave. & Earll Dr. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 9 AQS Code 04-013-9702 04-013-4001 04-013-4008 04-013-0021 04-013-3002 04-013-9812 04-013-4010 04-013-1010 04-013-9704 04-013-2001 04-013-3010 04-013-4006 04-013-9508 04-013-1003 04-013-1004 04-013-2005 04-013-9706 04-013-4003 04-013-3003 04-013-4005 04-013-4004 04-013-4009 04-013-0016 04-013-0019 Maricopa County, AZ Table 7. Site Instrument Setup AIR MONITORING NETWORK OPERATIONS WS/ Sites WD BP 1 BE 1 CC 1 CH 1 CP 1 DC 1 DY 1 FF 1 FH 1 GL 1 GR 1 HI 1 HM ME 1 NP 1 PP 1 RV SP 1 SS 1 TE 1 WC 1 WF 1 WI 1 WP 1 Active Instr. 22 s s s s s s s s s s s s O3 1 1 1 n s* s* 1 s* 1 s 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 1 1 1 s* s* n s* 1 s* 1 s s s 1 1 1 s 1 s 1 sp 1 s 1 sp s s 1 n = NAMS CO NOX Delta Press T SO2 1 n Cont. PM2.5 Cont. PM10 1 1 s 1 1 1 1 s s 1 1 1 1 s* s 1 s 1 1 s 1 1 1 s 1 s s* s s s* s n sp * s* s 17 1 1 s* s* 1 1 1 1 s* s* sp * s* 1 1 n n 13 s = SLAMS 1 1 5 n 1 n s 2 sp =SPMS 1 1 1 sp 1 1 1 sp 2 s 1 1 s 1 s 12 5 7 1 2 x = inactive instruments PM2.5 PM10 Rel Room Temp Hum Temp Rain Filter Filter 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 1 1 2 s 2 16 7 * = seasonal monitor Chart Current as of 12/6/05 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 11 22 Maricopa County, AZ 2 4 14 n n s n s s s n n s n Active Multi- Instru. Gas 4 1 10 5 4 1 11 5 7 3 6 5 1 7 5 2 9 8 3 2 8 1 11 7 8 7 3 1 15 5 Total # of Active Instruments Total # of Active Sites 155 24 11 2005 SUMMARY OF NETWORK RESULTS AND REQUIRED INFORMATION Data Completeness Before any data set can be considered valid it must first pass a data recovery test that consists of determining the ratio of actual samples to scheduled samples by quarter. This ratio must be greater than 75% for a data set to pass the first validity test. After all validation tests have been passed, the data can be used to determine compliance with the NAAQS. The following is a summary of the annual data completeness for all criteria pollutants (Table 8). Table 8. 2005 Criteria Pollutant Data Completeness Number of Actual Samples Number of Scheduled Samples 78465 80832 97.1% 113170 116304 97.3% PM2.5 (1 in 3 day) 436 449 97.1% PM2.5 (continuous) 2762 7344 37.6% Carbon Monoxide Ozone PM10 (1 in 6 day) Data Completeness (Actual/Schedule) 661 671 98.5% PM10 (continuous) 42921 43800 98.0% Nitrogen Dioxide 41879 43800 95.6% Sulfur Dioxide 16870 17520 96.3% 297164 310720 Total 95.6% Note that the continuous PM2.5 monitors did not reach the required 75% data completeness level. This was due to a calibration error that was discovered at the Durango Complex continuous PM2.5 monitor. This error caused all 2005 data from that monitor, from July 1 to December 31st, to be invalidated. However, the FDMS-TEOM instrument used for monitoring continuous PM2.5 data is not a Federal Reference Method, so the data from this instrument is not used for determining compliance with the NAAQS. 2005 Concentration Ranges Tables 9 through 13 below present data on the distribution of monitored values for various air pollutants, as required by the 40 CFR Part 58 App. F. Note that 1-hour average ozone concentrations are listed in Table 10 for illustrative purposes only; the 1-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard is no longer in effect. 2005 Network Review 12 REVIEW DRAFT: MARCH 2005 Table 9. Distribution of 8-hour Carbon Monoxide Concentrations Number of 8-hr Average Values (PPM) Site Buckeye Central Phoenix Dysart Glendale Greenwood Mesa North Phoenix South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler W. Indian School West Phoenix 0 to 4 4977 8648 5063 4911 8669 4912 5079 5022 4854 5064 5065 8482 8483 5 to 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 9 9 to 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 to 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 to 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 to 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 to 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Greater than 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 10. Distribution of 1-hour Ozone Concentrations Site Buckeye Blue Point Cave Creek Central Phoenix Dysart Falcon Field Fountain Hills Glendale Humboldt Mt. North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler West Phoenix 0.00 to 0.04 4026 7069 2257 7048 3776 3282 5816 3475 800 6487 5237 2651 6722 6598 3473 3338 7026 0.05 to 0.08 1028 1533 2777 1420 1271 1586 2731 1569 4004 2074 3241 2339 1833 1847 1566 1711 1124 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review Number of 1-hr Average Values (PPM) 0.09 to 0.13 to 0.17 to 0.21 to 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 1 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 52 1 0 0 14 0 0 0 54 0 0 0 61 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 61 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 13 0.25 to 0.28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Greater than 0.28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maricopa County, AZ Table 11. Distribution of 1-hour Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Site Buckeye Central Phoenix Greenwood South Scottsdale West Phoenix 0.00 to 0.04 8302 7370 6531 8018 7452 0.05 to 0.08 5 1118 1922 406 732 Number of 1-hr Average Values (PPM) 0.09 to 0.13 to 0.17 to 0.21 to 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 13 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0.25 to 0.28 0 0 0 0 0 Greater than 0.28 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 to 0.28 0 0 Greater than 0.28 0 0 301 to 400 0 Greater than 400 0 Table 12. Distribution of 24-hr Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations Site Central Phoenix South Scottsdale 0.00 to 0.04 8760 8503 0.05 to 0.08 0 0 Number of 24-hr Average Values (PPM) 0.09 to 0.13 to 0.17 to 0.21 to 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 13. Distribution of 24-hour PM10 Concentrations Site Buckeye Central Phoenix (1 in 6 day) Central Phoenix (Continuous) Chandler Durango Dysart Glendale Greenwood Higley Mesa North Phoenix South Phoenix South Scottsdale West Chandler West 43rd Ave. West Phoenix 0 to 50 172 Number of 24-hr Average Values (µg/m3) 101 to 151 to 201 to 251 to 51 to 100 150 200 250 300 173 12 3 0 0 45 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 292 59 2 0 0 0 0 0 31 128 57 57 31 196 54 55 30 55 50 109 39 25 178 4 4 28 146 6 6 29 5 10 176 18 2 42 0 0 0 19 0 0 2 1 0 61 2 0 12 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 14 Maricopa County, AZ Criteria Pollutant Summary Carbon Monoxide (CO) During 2005, thirteen CO monitors were reported as operational to the USEPA Air Quality System (AQS). Three of the monitors were classified as NAMS, nine as SLAMS, and one reported as a Special Purpose Monitor (SPM) (Table 5). For calendar year 2005, no exceedances of the CO 1-hour or 8-hour standards were recorded at any MCAQD monitoring sites (see Table 14). Table 14. 2005 1-hour and 8-hour Average Carbon Monoxide Summary CO 1-hour Average Max. (PPM) Date; Hour 1.1 01/10;19 CO 1-hour Average 2nd High (PPM) Date; Hour 1.1 01/13;07 C. Phoenix 5.2 12/24;23 5.1 12/21;19 8556 Dysart 1.7 03/16;06 1.7 03/28;06 Glendale 3.2 09/05;11 Greenwood CO 8-hour Average 2nd High (PPM) Date; Hour 0.9 12/12;22 Number of Exceedances of 1/8-Hour average 0 4.1 12/22;02 3.8 12/10;04 0 5005 1.3 03/16;10 1.2 03/15;19 0 3.1 01/06;09 4872 2.4 12/13;01 2.3 12/07;01 0 5.9 12/21;08 5.4 11/22;08 8591 4.2 12/22;02 4.1 12/21;10 0 Mesa 3.4 12/13;21 3.3 12/07;21 4865 2.4 12/12;01 2.4 12/23;01 0 N. Phoenix 3.8 01/31;07 3.5 01/06;08 5021 2.3 12/11;01 2.2 11/11;00 0 S. Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler W. Indian School W. Phoenix 5.5 12/21;19 5.2 12/21;18 4980 3.8 12/25;02 3.2 12/22;00 0 3.2 11/22;18 3.1 01/19;08 4813 2.4 11/23;00 2.4 12/11;01 0 3.2 12/13;21 3.0 11/22;08 5000 2.6 12/22;02 2.4 12/13;02 0 3.5 12/13;07 2.7 11/22;20 4998 2.4 12/13;07 2.0 01/01;08 0 6.8 12/13;07 6.5 01/18;07 8415 5.3 12/25;02 4.8 12/11;02 0 7.2 12/25;00 7.0 12/08;07 8407 5.8 12/25;03 4.6 12/10;06 0 Site Buckeye CO 8-hour Number Average Max. of (PPM) Date; Hour Samples 4942 0.9 01/10;21 Ozone (O3) During 2005, seventeen ozone monitors were reported as operational in AQS. Three of the monitors were identified as NAMS, thirteen were identified as SLAMS, and one was identified as a SPM (Table 5). The 1hour average ozone standard was revoked by the EPA on June 15, 2005, and has been replaced by the 8-hour average standard for compliance purposes; however, the 1-hour averages are summarized here for informational purposes (Table 15). 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 15 Maricopa County, AZ Table 15. 2005 One Hour Average Ozone Summary Site Blue Point Max. (PPM) Date; Hour .107 07/19;15 2nd High (PPM) Date; Hour .105 07/18;16 3rd High (PPM) Date; Hour .098 07/20;17 4th High (PPM) Date; Hour .093 07/21;15 Number of Samples 8622 Buckeye .085 06/30;11 .080 08/06;17 .076 06/21;14 .075 07/21;18 5055 Cave Creek .108 07/01;13 .093 08/04;14 .092 05/13;17 .092 05/18;17 5072 C. Phoenix .099 06/23;13 .092 06/20;14 .092 08/07;17 .090 04/16;15 8488 Dysart .082 08/05;17 .081 06/23;12 .080 08/29;15 .078 05/22;12 5047 Falcon Field .104 07/19;15 .095 07/14;15 .093 08/04;14 .091 08/03;16 4883 Fountain Hills .129 07/19;15 .115 07/21;16 .106 07/18;14 .106 08/04;15 8600 Glendale .096 07/09;15 .093 08/05;17 .090 08/28;12 .088 08/01;15 5058 Humboldt Mt. .104 06/30;12 .099 07/19;14 .096 06/01;15 .094 07/18;15 4858 N. Phoenix .110 07/19;13 .109 07/21;14 .108 05/22;13 .102 06/20;14 8622 Pinnacle Peak .104 07/19;14 .100 07/21;16 .094 07/15;14 .094 07/18;13 8496 Rio Verde .117 07/01;13 .114 07/21;17 .110 07/18;15 .109 07/19;15 5051 S. Phoenix .108 06/23;13 .096 07/27;16 .094 06/30;12 .092 07/19;13 8571 S. Scottsdale .117 07/19;14 .100 05/22;13 .099 07/21;13 .094 06/20;15 8471 Tempe .111 07/19;13 .104 07/14;14 .099 07/18;13 .097 07/21;14 5061 W. Chandler .096 07/19;15 .091 05/20;15 .088 08/03;15 .086 05/22;15 5063 West Phoenix .094 06/20;13 .086 07/19;12 .081 06/23;13 .081 08/28;13 8152 On July 18, 1997 the Environmental Protection Agency promulgated a new ozone standard to ensure a more effective and efficient protection of public health and the environment. This new primary standard for ozone is 0.08 ppm. Compliance with the standard is determined by averaging the 4th highest eight-hour average over a three-year period. This three-year average must be less than or equal to 0.08 ppm. It should be noted that the US Supreme Court has recently allowed the EPA to implement the new ozone standard. For calendar year 2005, there were eight sites that exceeded the eight-hour primary standard for ozone (an exceedance is any 8-hour average value >.08 ppm; because of mathematical rounding the value is actually 0.085 ppm or greater). Table 16 presents the 2005 data summary for eight-hour ozone at MCAQD monitoring sites. There were no violations of the eight-hour primary standard (the 8-hour average NAAQS for ozone is violated when the three-year average of the fourth high is greater than 0.08 ppm.); however several sites came very close to violating the standard (Table 17). 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 16 Maricopa County, AZ Table 16. 2005 8-hr Average Ozone Summary Site Blue Point 8-hour max. (PPM) Date; Hour .089 07/18;12 2nd High (PPM) Date; Hour .088 07/20;11 3rd High (PPM) Date; Hour .083 07/19;11 4th High (PPM) Date; Hour .081 07/21;10 Number of Days ≥ 0.085 2 Buckeye .067 08/05;11 .066 04/16;10 .066 08/06;11 .065 05/13;11 0 Cave Creek .084 08/04;09 .083 05/13;12 .083 07/18;11 .082 05/18;12 0 Central Phoenix .081 04/16;11 .080 06/23;10 .078 08/07;12 .075 06/19;11 0 Dysart .073 08/05;11 .069 07/28;10 .067 06/23;09 .066 04/16;11 0 Falcon Field .081 08/04;11 .078 06/14;11 .078 07/19;10 .076 07/20;10 0 Fountain Hills .096 07/19;19 .091 07/21;11 .088 07/18;11 .088 07/20;11 6 Glendale .078 08/05;11 .077 04/16;11 .076 06/19;11 .076 08/07;11 0 Humboldt Mt. .088 05/13;17 .088 07/18;13 .087 05/18;15 .087 06/30;10 5 North Phoenix .089 07/21;10 .088 07/19;10 .085 07/09;11 .084 06/20;11 3 Pinnacle Peak .085 07/19;09 .083 07/18;11 .083 07/21;11 .083 08/04;11 1 Rio Verde .093 07/18;11 .088 07/21;12 .087 07/01;09 .087 07/19;11 6 South Phoenix .081 06/23;10 .081 06/30;09 .076 04/16;11 .076 06/19;12 0 South Scottsdale .089 07/19;10 .084 07/21;08 .079 04/16;11 .077 06/23;09 1 Tempe .086 07/19;10 .078 07/18;09 .077 04/16;11 .076 06/14;11 1 West Chandler .082 07/19;10 .076 05/22;10 .075 05/18;12 .075 07/21;10 0 West Phoenix .072 06/20;11 .071 04/16;11 .069 06/19;11 .068 06/23;10 0 Table 17. 3 Year Average of 8-Hour Ozone Site Blue Point Buckeye 2003 4 th th th High (PPM) 2004 4 High (PPM) 2005 4 High (PPM) 0.086 0.075 0.081 3 Yr. Avg. of 4th High (PPM) 0.081 Not Operating Not Operating 0.065 0.065 Cave Creek 0.083 0.076 0.082 0.080 Central Phoenix 0.079 0.074 0.078 0.077 Not Operating Not Operating 0.066 0.066 Falcon Field 0.079 0.070 0.076 0.075 Fountain Hills 0.083 0.075 0.088 0.082 Glendale 0.085 0.076 0.076 0.079 Humboldt Mt. 0.087 0.078 0.087 0.084 North Phoenix 0.083 0.080 0.084 0.082 Pinnacle Peak 0.083 0.068 0.083 0.078 Rio Verde 0.076 0.074 0.087 0.079 Dysart 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 17 Maricopa County, AZ South Phoenix 0.076 0.072 0.076 0.075 South Scottsdale 0.079 0.073 0.077 0.076 Tempe 0.080 0.072 0.076 0.076 West Chandler 0.078 0.070 0.075 0.074 West Phoenix 0.077 0.072 0.068 0.072 Particulate Matter (PM10) During 2005, sixteen PM10 monitors were reported as operational in AQS. Five monitors were identified as NAMS; eleven were identified as SLAMS (Table 5). The Central Phoenix site (CP) has both a continuous particulate monitor and a 1 in 6-day SSI High Volume Monitor. For calendar year 2005, there were five sites that exceeded the PM10 twenty-four hour standard. Additionally, there were six sites that exceeded the PM10 annual standard (summarized in Table 18, detailed in Table 25 on page 22). For calendar year 2005, there were eleven sites that violated the PM10 24-hour standard and four sites that violated the PM10 annual standard (described in Tables 27 and 28 on pages 23 and 24, respectively). Table 18. 2005 PM10 Summary Site Name Buckeye 24-hr Avg. 24-hr Avg. Number of 24Max 2nd High hour NAAQS Expected Annual Avg. Number of 3 (µg/m ) (µg/m3) Exceedances Exceedances (µg/m3) Samples 169* 158* 2 2 52.7* 8593 125 76 0 0 38.5 58 116 104 0 0 37.1 8466 130 115 0 0 49.4 58 206* 200* 13 13 66.4* 8617 Dysart 76 68 0 0 29.0 61 Glendale 84 56 0 0 29.0 61 173* 95 1 6 52.3* 60 142 121 0 0 51.4* 8628 Mesa 86 55 0 0 30.0 60 North Phoenix 81 72 0 0 29.6 61 South Phoenix 147 107 0 0 54.7* 61 South Scottsdale 121 96 0 0 34.0 61 West Chandler West 43rd Ave 94 68 0 0 34.2 60 233* 200* 13 13.1 73.9* 8617 103 1 6 44.5 60 (continuous) Central Phoenix Central Phoenix (continuous) Chandler Durango Complex (continuous) Greenwood Higley (continuous) (continuous) West Phoenix 155* * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 18 Maricopa County, AZ In April of 2005 the EPA agreed with the ADEQ assessment that the exceedances of the 24-hr standard that occurred on August 13, 2004 were caused by exceptional events. The sites that exceeded were Durango Complex, Higley, and West 43rd Avenue. They also agreed that the exceedance of the 24-hr standard that occurred at the Buckeye site on September 18, 2004 was attributable to an exceptional event. With this designation, these values will not count against the County’s attainment status for the 2005 annual standard (in the 3 year averages). On July 2, 2002 (67 FR 44369), EPA found the state implementation plan (SIP) for the Metropolitan Phoenix (Maricopa County), Arizona serious PM10 non-attainment area to be inadequate to attain the 24-hour particulate (PM10) air quality standard at the Salt River monitoring site. Under authority from the Clean Air Act, EPA has required a SIP revision to be submitted by the State of Arizona to correct the inadequacy. In 2004 the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality submitted a SIP addressing the inadequacies in the Salt River Area to the EPA. Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Currently, MCAQD operates collocated compliance PM2.5 monitors at the West Phoenix site (04-013-0019) and single monitors at the Mesa site (04-013-1003) and the South Phoenix site (04-013-4003). The ADEQ continues to weigh the filters for all of the monitors, but MCAQD has installed a laboratory in its facility and plans to take over this task in 2006. In addition, MCAQD operates two continuous PM2.5 monitors at the Durango (04-013-9812) and West Phoenix (04-013-0019) sites. These continuous monitors are FDMS TEOMs, which are not Federal Reference Methods; therefore the data collected from them is not used for compliance purposes. All monitors are identified as SLAMS (Table 5). There were no exceedances of the 24-hour or annual PM2.5 standards in 2005. Maricopa County is currently in attainment for PM2.5. Table 19. 2005 PM2.5 Summary 24-hr Avg. 24-hr Avg. Max 2nd High 3 (µg/m ) (µg/m3) 17.8 13.0 Site Name Mesa 98th Percentile Value 13.0 Annual Avg. Number of (µg/m3) Samples 8.51 81 South Phoenix 56.7 24.8 24.8 11.46 118 West Phoenix 39.2 25.7 25.7 11.08 119 Table 20. 2005 Continuous PM2.5 Data Summary Site Name Durango Complex (continuous) West Phoenix (continuous) 24-hr Avg. 24-hr Avg. Max 2nd High 3 (µg/m ) (µg/m3) 98th Percentile Value Number of Annual Avg. Number of Exceedances (µg/m3) Samples N/A N/A # # N/A 0 52.3 46.9 # 0 N/A 2762 # Indicates <75% data availability. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 19 Maricopa County, AZ Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) All parts of Maricopa County are in attainment for nitrogen dioxide. During 2005, five NO2 monitors were operational and were reported in AQS. Two monitors were designated as NAMS monitors and three were designated as SLAMS (see Table 5). For calendar year 2005, no exceedances of the NO2 annual standard were recorded at MCAQD monitoring sites (Table 21). Table 21. 2005 Nitrogen Dioxide Summary NO2 Avg. 1-hour Max. (PPM) Date; Hour NO2 Avg. 1-hour 2nd High (PPM) Date; Hour Number of 1-hour Samples Annual Average (PPM) Buckeye .053 11/09;15 .052 01/05;07 8307 .0119 Central Phoenix .095 12/21;11 .090 12/21;22 8490 .0262 Greenwood .131 11/22;09 .117 12/21;10 8467 .0315 South Scottsdale .079 12/21;14 .077 12/21;18 8424 .0196 West Phoenix .100 12/21;10 .098 11/22;10 8191 .0235 Site Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Maricopa County is in attainment for SO2. During 2005, two SO2 monitors were operational and were reported in AQS. Both of these monitors were designated NAMS sites (see Table 5). For calendar year 2005, no exceedances of the SO2 annual, 24-hour, or 3-hour standard were recorded at Maricopa County monitoring sites (see Table 22). Table 22. 2005 Sulfur Dioxide Summary 24-hour 24-hour 3-hour 3-hour 1-hour 1-hour 2nd High Annual Number Max. 2nd High Max. 2nd High Max. (PPM) (PPM) (PPM) (PPM) (PPM) (PPM) Avg. of Date; Hour Date; Hour Date; Hour Date; Hour Date; Hour Date; Hour (PPM) Samples Site Central .042 .017 .021 .012 .008 .007 .0021 8589 Phoenix 12/09;19 04/04;13 12/09;20 12/09;23 11/22;23 12/05;08 South .012 .011 .007 .006 .006 .006 .0017 8380 Scottsdale 01/17;18 06/24;23 10/11;20 10/06;23 10/07;23 10/07;02 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 20 Maricopa County, AZ 2005 NAAQS Exceedance and Violation Summary The following is a summary of the number, types and dates of exceedances and violations of the NAAQS for 2005 (Table 23). Table 23. 2005 NAAQS Exceedances and Violations Summary Carbon Monoxide No exceedances or violations of the 1-hr or 8-hr NAAQS standard were logged. Nitrogen Dioxide No exceedances or violations of NAAQS were logged. There were nine unique days when at least one monitor exceeded the 8-hr NAAQS. Altogether there were 25 exceedances of the 8-hr standard. There were no violations of the 8-hr standard in 2005. See Table 24 for exceedance details. There were nineteen unique days when at least one monitor exceeded the 24-hr NAAQS. All together there were 30 exceedances of the 24-hr standard. There were 11 violations of the 24-hr standard in 2005. See Table 25 for exceedance details. See Table 27 for violation details. Six sites exceeded the PM10 annual standard. Four sites violated the PM10 annual standards in 2005. See Table 26 for exceedance details. See Table 28 for violation details. No exceedances or violations of NAAQS were logged No exceedances or violations of NAAQS were logged. Ozone PM10 PM2.5 Sulfur Dioxide Table 24. 2005 Ozone 8-hour Average Exceedance Details Site Blue Point Fountain Hills Humboldt Mountain North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde South Scottsdale Tempe Date 7/18/05 7/20/05 5/19/05 7/18/05 7/19/05 7/20/05 7/21/05 8/04/05 5/04/05 5/13/05 5/18/05 6/30/05 7/18/05 7/09/05 7/19/05 7/21/05 7/19/05 7/01/05 7/18/05 7/19/05 7/20/05 7/21/05 8/04/05 7/19/05 7/19/05 Value (ppm) .089 .088 .085 .088 .096 .088 .091 .086 .085 .088 .087 .087 .088 .085 .088 .089 .085 .087 .093 .087 .087 .088 .087 .089 .086 Note: Exceedance is any 8-hour average with value ≥.085 ppm. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 21 Maricopa County, AZ Table 25. 2005 PM10 24-hour Average Exceedance Details Site Buckeye Durango Complex Greenwood West 43rd Avenue West Phoenix Date 06/21/05 11/18/05 11/3/05 11/17/05 11/22/05 11/23/05 12/1/05 12/2/05 12/12/05 12/13/05 12/14/05 12/15/05 12/21/05 12/22/05 12/23/05 12/12/05 4/4/05 11/1/05 11/2/05 11/10/05 11/22/05 11/23/05 12/2/05 12/12/05 12/13/05 12/14/05 12/21/05 12/22/05 12/23/05 12/12/05 Value (µg/m3) 158.0 169.6 163.8 156.2 189.6 165.0 158.8 165.0 206.8 166.0 181.2 156.4 200.3 179.1 157.5 172.7 (1-in-6 day schedule) 172.8 166.5 174.0 166.2 173.4 175.5 195.2 233.0 167.7 177.1 200.6 168.3 156.6 155.0 (1-in-6 day schedule) Note: Exceedance is any 24-hour average with value ≥155 µg/m3. Table 26. 2005 PM10 Annual Average Exceedance Details Value (µg/m3) 53 66 52 51 55 74 Site Buckeye Durango Complex Greenwood Higley South Phoenix West 43rd Avenue Note: Exceedance is any annual average with value >50 µg/m3. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 22 Maricopa County, AZ 2005 Violations of the 24-Hour PM10 Standard The 24hr NAAQS for particulates is violated when the rate of expected occurrence of exceedances (samples greater than or equal to 155 µg/m3) is greater than one over three consecutive years (Table 27) (40 CFR Part 50.6 (a)). Table 27. Violations of the 24-hr PM10 Standard 2003 Site Buckeye Central Phoenix Central Phoenix (continuous) 2004 2005 Rate of 24-hr 24-hr 24-hr Expected Max. Max. Max. Expected Expected Expected (µg/m3) Exceedances (µg/m3) Exceedances (µg/m3) Exceedances Exceedances NA NA 289# # 169 2 # 114 0 81 0 125 0 0 183 3.1 94 0 116 0 1 Chandler Durango Complex Dysart 240 6 150 0 130 0 2 195 6 209‡ 0 206 13 6.3 133# 0 94 0 76 0 # Glendale 151 0 69 0 84 0 0 Greenwood 166 6 100 0 173 6 4 Higley 225 6 493‡ 1 142 0 2.3 Mesa 176 6 49 0 86 0 2 North Phoenix 155 6 46 0 81 0 2 South Phoenix 164 6 132 0 132 0 2 South Scottsdale 172 6 77 0 121 0 2 West Chandler West 43rd Avenue West Phoenix 206 14 70 0 94 0 4.6 157 6 251‡ 0 233 13.1 6.4 158 6.4 100 0 155 6 4.1  Indicates violation of the standard. # Indicates <75% data available. ‡ Indicates an Exceptional Event which waived the exceedance. This Exceptional Event is not listed in the 24-hr Max values. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 23 Maricopa County, AZ 2005 Violations of the Annual Particulate Standard The Annual NAAQS for particulates is violated when the three-year average of the annual averages is greater than 50 µg/m3 (Table 28) (40 CFR Part 50.6 (b)). Table 28. Violations of the Annual PM10 Standard 2003 Annual Avg. (µg/m3) Not Operating 40 2004 Annual Avg. (µg/m3) # 32 2005 Annual Avg. (µg/m3) 53 39 Three-Year Average (µg/m3) # 37 43 37 37 39 Chandler 50 40 49 46 Durango Complex 62 52‡ 66 60 Dysart # 27 29 # Glendale 36 26 29 30 Greenwood 51 44 52 49 Higley 62 48‡ 51 54 Mesa 34 23 30 29 North Phoenix 34 25 30 30 South Phoenix 52 46 55 51 South Scottsdale 36 26 34 32 West Chandler 42 30 34 35 West 43rd Avenue 62 61‡ 74 66 West Phoenix 46 37 45 43 Site Buckeye Central Phoenix Central Phoenix (continuous)  Indicates violation of the standard. # Indicates <75% data available. ‡ Indicates an Exceptional Event which waived the exceedance. This Exceptional Event is not included in the Annual Average values. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 24 Maricopa County, AZ Pollution Trends The following charts depict the most recent three-year trends (2003–2005) for each criteria pollutant. Carbon Monoxide PPM Maricopa County 2003-2005 8-hr Avg. Carbon Monoxide Maximum Values. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2003 2004 2005 Standard < 9.0 BE CP DY GL GR ME NP SP SS TE WC WI WP (Chart -1) Nitrogen Dioxide Maricopa County 2003-2005 Nitrogen Dioxide Annual Average Readings 0.06 0.05 0.04 2003 2004 PPM 2005 0.03 Standard 0.053 0.02 Note: The BE, SS, and WP sites had <75% data recovery in 2003. 0.01 0 BE CP 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review GR (Chart –2) 25 SS WP Maricopa County, AZ Ozone Maricopa County 2003-2005 Ozone 4th high 8-hr Avg. 0.100 0.090 2003 PPM 0.080 2004 0.070 0.060 2005 Standard <0.085 0.050 0.040 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.000 BP BE CC CP DY FF FH GL HM NP PP RV SP SS TE WC WP (Chart –3) Particulates Maricopa County 2003-2005 PM-10 24-hr Avg. Maximum Values 600 500 ug/m3 400 2003 2004 2005 Standard <155 300 200 100 0 BE CP CH DC DY GL GR HI ME NP SP SS WC WF WP (Chart –4) 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 26 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County 2003-2005 PM-10 Annual Avg. 80 70 ug/m3 60 2003 2004 2005 Standard < 50 50 40 30 20 10 0 BE CP CH DC DY GL GR HI ME NP SP SS WC WF WP (Chart –5) Sulfur Dioxide Maricopa County 2003 - 2005 Sulfur Dioxide Annual Avg. 0.035 0.03 PPM 0.025 2003 2004 2005 Standard 0.03 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 CP SS (Chart –6) 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 27 Maricopa County, AZ Special Projects and Network Changes Air quality issues such as the SIP, natural events policy, and permits for new sources are diverse and controversial subjects for the citizens of Maricopa County. Since no policies can be made without high-quality monitoring data, the MCAQD Air Monitoring Division strives to provide the most reliable and relevant air monitoring data to the public. The following is a list of projects and changes that have occurred during the year 2005. Seasonal Monitors MCAQD continues to run some of its carbon monoxide (CO) monitors and ozone (O3) monitors on a seasonal basis (Table 29). Having part of the network operating seasonally allows the County to upgrade instruments, perform preventive maintenance, extend the life expectancy of the instruments, reduce replacement costs, and better utilize its QA and QC resources on the remaining instruments. Table 29. Seasonal Monitors Seasonal Carbon Monoxide Monitors ( Operational Sept. 1 – Apr. 1) Seasonal Ozone Monitors (Operational Apr. 1 – Nov. 1) Buckeye Dysart Glendale Mesa North Phoenix South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler Buckeye Cave Creek Dysart Falcon Field Glendale Humboldt Mountain Rio Verde Tempe West Chandler The Consideration of Additional Sites/Monitors MCAQD continues to evaluate the PM10 network for possible additional sites for determining the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories. The significant sources would include industry and agriculture. The allocation of both financial and personnel resources continue to remain significant obstacles to the establishment of new monitoring sites. New Sites MCAQD has not started any new sites in 2005, although we are considering possible new site locations for late 2006 in the West Valley at the I-10 and Loop-101 interchange and in the Agua Fria riverbed near Sun City. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 28 Maricopa County, AZ Closed Sites/Monitors MCAQD closed the Chandler site (04-013-0021) on December 31, 2005 at the request of the City of Chandler, which owns the property that the site is located on. The Higley site (04-013-4006) will take over the functions of the Chandler site. Other Network Changes/Special Projects/Comments MCAQD continues to participate in the Joint Air Toxic Assessment Project (JATAP) in conjunction with the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) and Phoenix area Urban Tribal Communities. We have been providing space at our existing sites (South Phoenix, West Phoenix, and Greenwood) for Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) monitoring. ADEQ, in conjunction with MCAQD, has developed a year-round air quality forecasting capability for the Phoenix metropolitan area. ADEQ takes the lead on air quality forecasting and issuing of High Pollution Advisories, while MCAQD provides monitoring data and designates No-Burn Days. MCAQD is continuing its distribution of air monitoring data to the public by posting one-hour continuous data on the Internet. Additionally, MCAQD participates in the EPA Ozone Mapping AIRNOW website (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). The corresponding websites are as follows: Maricopa County Air Quality Dept: http://www.maricopa.gov/aq/status/map.aspx AIRNOW: http://www.epa.gov/airnow In accordance with 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix K; MCAQD has converted two of its one-in-six day particulate monitors to a continuous monitoring schedule (see next section). Converting to Continuous Particulate Monitoring As of December 31, 2005, in accordance with 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix K, MCAQD has converted two of its one-in-six day particulate monitors to continuous. These monitors are at the following sites: Greenwood (04013-3010), and West Phoenix (04-013-0019). The EPA’s Air Quality System (AQS) database will not allow the existing monitors to be changed from one-in-six day to hourly (at least not until the beginning of the year), so data from the continuous monitors will begin to be entered into AQS in January 2006. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 29 Maricopa County, AZ ADDITIONAL COMMENTS EPA Ozone Mapping The AIRNOW website (http://www.epa.gov/airnow) provides real-time air pollution (ozone and PM2.5) maps for major metropolitan areas around the United States, including the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. MCAQD has participated in the program since 2001. MCAQD, in cooperation with ADEQ and the Pinal County Air Pollution Control District, has expanded the area that the maps cover. This area now includes sites as far east as Queen Creek, as far south as Casa Grande, and as far west as Palo Verde. This website can be used as a tool for which the public can plan their daily activities and limit their exposure to air pollution. Eight-hour average peak ozone concentration maps and real-time eight-hour ozone animation maps are provided. Colors on the map indicate different concentrations of ozone pollution. The one-hour average values are given in parts per billion. The eight-hour averages are converted into Air Quality Index (AQI) numbers. The AQI is based on the NAAQS. The index was developed to convert pollution measurements into a common index that the general public can more easily understand. Different colors on the map correspond to different categories of air quality and health impacts (Table 30). Table 30. Air Quality Index 0 – 50 51 – 100 Color Air Quality Designation Green Good Yellow Moderate 101 – 150 Orange 151 – 200 Red 201 – 300 301 – 500 Purple Maroon Index Health Impact No harmful effects expected. Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion. Unhealthy for Active children & adults, people with respiratory disease Sensitive Groups (i.e., asthma) should limit prolonged outdoor exertion. Unhealthy Everyone should observe caution. Avoid prolonged outdoor exertion. Very Unhealthy Avoid all outdoor exertion. Use extreme caution outdoors Hazardous Everyone should avoid all outdoor exertion. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 30 Maricopa County, AZ The animated map is updated every hour from 8am to 8pm seven days a week. Updates to the site will be made during the ozone season (April through October). Maricopa County’s Interactive Pollution Map In the spirit of our mission statement of “Protecting our most vital natural resource”, MCAQD has brought realtime pollution data to the Internet. All of the MCAQD continuous data will be available to the public through an interactive map. The air pollutants that are available include CO, Ozone, NO2, SO2, and Particulates. All of the values are currently one-hour averages. The information is updated on an hourly basis at half past the hour. Data can be accessed at the web address: http://www.maricopa.gov/aq/status/map.aspx. One of the major problems in providing “real-time” pollution data to a public medium is providing quality data. The data available on the Internet goes through an automated quality assurance check program before it is released; however, some invalid data can slip through. Normal quality assurance checks take between one and three months. Consequently, information provided at this site should be used for informational purposes only and should not be relied on for comparison with NAAQS. This website will go through a major overhaul in 2006 to provide even more “real-time” pollution data. The interactive map will get a new look, more sites and pollutants will be represented, and other changes such as seasonal and temporary monitors will be displayed. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 31 Maricopa County, AZ REFERENCES 1. Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 40, Part 50 and 58, 1997 2. EPA’s AirData (AQS) information: http://www.epa.gov/air/data/index.html 3. EPA’s NAAQS Info: http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html 4. SIP Information: http://www.adeq.state.az.us/environ/air/plan/index.html 5. EPA’s Air Program Information: http://www.epa.gov/rgytgrnj/programs/artd/air/quality/quality.htm 6. MCAQD Air Monitoring Map: http://www.maricopa.gov/sbeap/AIR_MONI.HTM 7. EPA’s EMPACT Site. http://www.epa.gov/empact 8. AIRNOW: http://airnow.gov/ 9. Criteria Pollutant Information: http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/6poll.html 10. MCAQD 2003 & 2004 Network Reviews: http://www.maricopa.gov/aq/status/network.aspx 11. SLAMS / NAMS / PAMS Network Review Guidance--EPA-454/R-98-003 12. Guideline on data handling conventions of the PM NAAQS 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 32 Maricopa County, AZ APPENDIX Monitoring Site Details (Photos and Specific Information) 2005 Network Review 34 REVIEW DRAFT: MARCH 2005 Blue Point (BP) (04-013-9702) Location: Bush Highway and Usery Pass Rd., Maricopa County Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High downwind maximum concentrations, category (a) Maricopa County Blue Point Air Monitoring Site Site Description: The Blue Point site became operational in July 1995 and is located in a Maricopa County Sheriff’s Sub-Station in Tonto National Forest. This site represents the maximum ozone concentration, and urban-scale downwind transport conditions. This site is located approximately 40 miles east of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Ozone is the only criteria pollutant monitored at this NAMS station. Wind speed and direction are also monitored at the site. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) O3 Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 ppm O3 Three year average of 4th High 2003 0.122 0.103* 4 0.084 2004 0.110 0.081 0 0.082 2005 0.107 0.089* 2 0.081 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 35 Maricopa County, AZ Buckeye (BE) (04-013-4011) Location: US 85 & MC 85, Buckeye Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure with High Concentration Maricopa County Buckeye Air Monitoring Site Site Description: The Buckeye site was established on August 1, 2004. This site is a SLAMS location for carbon monoxide, ozone, PM10, and NO2 criteria pollutants. The site is located in the Maricopa County Department of Transportation Southwest Facility. The site is in an area of agriculture and encroaching residential development. The PM10 monitor was changed from 1-in-6 day to hourly as of October 1, 2004. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) O3 Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 PPM O3 Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) 2003 Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating 2004 0.5 0 0.088 0.068 0 # ~ 289*‡ 1 # # 2005 0.9 0 0.085 0.067 0 # 169* 2 53* .0119 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard. # Indicates <75% data recovery. ‡ Indicates Exceptional Events 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 36 Maricopa County, AZ Cave Creek (CC) (04-013-4008) Location: 32nd St. & Carefree Highway, Cave Creek Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: Downwind Maximum Concentrations Maricopa County Cave Creek Air Monitoring Site Site Description: The Cave Creek site became operational in August 2001 and is located in the Maricopa County Cave Creek Recreation Area (Park Office). This site was chosen through discussions on modifying the ozone network for the new 8-hr ozone standard. Ozone is the only criteria pollutant monitored at this SLAMS station. Wind speed and direction are also monitored at the site. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) O3 Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 Three year avg. of 4th High 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 2003 0.102 0.088 2 0.084 37 2004 0.092 0.079 0 0.081 2005 0.108 0.084 0 0.080 Maricopa County, AZ Central Phoenix (CP) (04-013-3002) Location: 19th St. and Roosevelt Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure category (b) Maricopa County Central Phoenix Air Monitoring Site Site Description: The Central Phoenix site has been in existence for over three decades and has provided a longterm historical database with a high rate of data recovery. The site is representative of high population exposure (greater than 5000 people per square mile) in the central Phoenix area. This site is a NAMS location for carbon monoxide, ozone, PM10, SO2 and NO2 criteria pollutants. 2003 4.6 0 0.102 0.084 0 0.076 114 0 40 183* 3 43 0.029 0.007 0 0.003 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) O3 Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 O3 Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. 1-in-6 day (µg/m3) Number exceedances 1-in-6 day 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. 1-in-6 day monitor (µg/m3) Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. Continuous (µg/m3) Number exceedances Continuous 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. Continuous (µg/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) Max. 24-hr SO2 Avg. (PPM) Number of Exceedances Annual SO2 Avg. (PPM) 2004 3.4 0 .100 .078 0 .076 81 0 32 94 0 37 0.025 .008 0 .003 2005 4.1 0 .099 .081 0 .077 125 0 39 116 0 37 0.0262 .008 0 .0021 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 38 Maricopa County, AZ Chandler (CH) (04-013-0021) Location: Pecos Rd. and McQueen Rd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure, category (b) Maricopa County Chandler Air Monitoring Site Site Description: The Chandler site is located on the property of the City of Chandler’s Wastewater Treatment Plant (CWTP). The area immediately surrounding the CWTP was a low population density area; however, it is experiencing rapid residential growth. The site is a NAMS (category b) location for PM10. The site often measures a higher than expected particulate value, which has become more indicative of yard activity than reliable ambient air quality data. The City of Chandler uses the site as a storage location for street signs, water valves, and other municipal equipment, and there is considerable traffic from city vehicles. This site was closed down on December 31, 2005 at the request of the City of Chandler, which gave notice of proposed expansion plans where the platform presently stands. The Higley site, which is located approximately six miles to the eastnortheast, has taken over the functions of this site. 3 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2003 240* 1 50 2004 150 0 40 2005 130 0 49 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 39 Maricopa County, AZ Durango Complex (DC) (04-013-9812) Location: 27th Ave and Durango St. Spatial Scale: Middle Monitoring Objective: Maximum Concentration Maricopa County Durango Complex Air Monitoring Site Site Description: This site is located one mile northwest from the former Salt River site in the Maricopa County Flood Control District storage yard. Sampling began on January 6,1999 with the intent to replace the Salt River site. However, in 2000 the USEPA determined that the site is not equivalent to the Salt River site. Continuous particulate monitors (SLAMS PM10 and PM2.5) are located at this site. There are also weather monitors (wind speed/direction and atmospheric pressure) located at the site. Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM2.5 Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) 2003 195* 1 62* Not Monitored Not Monitored Not Monitored 2004 209*‡ 0 52*‡ Not Monitored Not Monitored Not Monitored 2005 206* 13 66* # # # *Indicates an exceedance of the standard. #Indicates <75% data recovery. ‡ Indicates Exceptional Events. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 40 Maricopa County, AZ Dysart (DY) (04-013-4010) Location: Bell Rd. & Dysart Rd., Surprise Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Maricopa County Dysart Air Monitoring Site Site Description: The Dysart site was established in July 2003. It is located at the Maricopa County Facility Maintenance Yard at the corner of Bell Rd. and Dysart Rd. The site is in a growing population area in the northwest valley. The land use around the site consists of subdivisions of single family homes, commercial, and industrial. The site is approx. one mile west of the Agua Fria riverbed. Seasonal carbon monoxide, seasonal ozone, (SLAMS) and PM10 (SLAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. 2003 1.2 0 0.090 0.082 0 # 133 0 # Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 PPM Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2004 1.1 0 0.081 0.074 0 # 94 0 27 2005 1.3 0 0.082 0.073 0 # 76 0 29 # Indicates <75% data recovery rate. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 41 Maricopa County, AZ Falcon Field (FF) (04-013-1010) Location: Greenfield and McKellips Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations Maricopa County Falcon Field Air Monitoring Site Site Description: Ozone is the seasonal SLAMS criteria pollutant monitored at this station. Monitoring began in June of 1989. The site is located near an airfield in a fire station within a growing residential area. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 PPM Three year avg. of 4th High 2003 0.111 0.099* 1 0.081 2004 0.093 0.077 0 0.077 2005 0.104 0.081 0 0.075 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 42 Maricopa County, AZ Fountain Hills (FH) (04-013-9704) Location: Fountain Hills Blvd. and Palisades Blvd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations, category (b) Maricopa County Fountain Hills Air Monitoring Site Site Description: The site is located at a Fountain Hills fire station. This site became operational in April of 1996. The site monitors ozone (NAMS category b) and wind speed and direction. This site is located approximately 15 miles downwind from the Phoenix metropolitan area. This site represents the high downwind concentrations on the fringes of the central basin district along the predominant summer/fall daytime wind direction. 2003 0.117 0.099* 1 0.084 Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 PPM Three year avg. of 4th High 2004 0.098 0.077 0 0.081 2005 0.129 0.096* 6 0.082 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 43 Maricopa County, AZ Glendale (GL) (04-013-2001) Location: 59th Ave. and Olive Ave. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Maricopa County Glendale Air Monitoring Site Site Description: The Glendale site was established over two decades ago and is located on the grounds of Glendale Community College in a growing residential area. Homes, various strip malls, food establishments, and parks surround the site. Seasonal carbon monoxide, Seasonal Ozone, (SLAMS) and PM10 (NAMS category b) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. 2003 2.4 0 0.107 0.092* 4 0.082 151 0 36 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 PPM Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2004 2.4 0 0.100 0.082 0 0.081 69 0 26 2005 2.4 0 0.096 0.078 0 0.079 84 0 29 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 44 Maricopa County, AZ Greenwood (GR) (04-013-3010) Location: 27th Ave. and I-10, Phoenix Spatial Scale: Middle Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Maricopa County Greenwood Air Monitoring Site Site Description: Monitoring began at this site in December 1993. The station is bordered on the north by Interstate 10, on the west and south by neighborhood homes, and to the east by Greenwood Cemetery. Interstate 17 is approximately one mile to the east of the site. Carbon monoxide, NO2, and PM10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS facility. In 2005 this site used 1-in-6 day filter-based SSI monitors for PM10, but these will be converted to continuous PM10 monitors in 2006. 2003 5.4 0 166* 1 51* 0.034 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) 2004 4.9 0 100 0 44 0.031 2005 4.2 0 173* 1 52* 0.0315 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 45 Maricopa County, AZ Higley (HI) (04-013-4006) Location: Higley Rd. and Chandler Blvd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure with High Concentration Maricopa County Higley Air Monitoring Site Site Description: Originally, in 1994, ADEQ set up this site to monitor for background particulate concentrations near the urban limits of Maricopa County. Since then, urban expansion has enveloped the site, so it no longer serves its original intended purpose. MCAQD installed a (1-in-6 day) PM10 (SLAMS) in the second quarter of 2000. The data from this site was compared to the Chandler site and was found to be comparable. Since the City of Chandler requested that MCAQD remove the Chandler site on 12/31/05, this site has taken over the role of the Chandler site. As of October 2004 the 1-in-6 day PM10 monitor was replaced with an hourly continuous PM10 monitor in accordance with 40 CFR 50, Appendix K. 2003 225* 1 62* Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2004 493*‡ 1 55*‡ 2005 142 0 51.4* * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. # Indicates <75% data recovery rate. ‡ Indicates Exceptional Events 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 46 Maricopa County, AZ Humboldt Mountain (HM) (04-013-9508) Location: Humboldt Mountain Summit Spatial Scale: Regional Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations Maricopa County Humboldt Mountain Air Monitoring Site Site Description: This site became operational in May 1996. The Humboldt Mountain site is located on Federal Aviation Agency property, in a National Forest Service building in the Tonto National Forest. This site is located approximately 40 miles north-northeast of the Phoenix metropolitan area at an elevation of 5230 feet. Ozone is the only criteria pollutant that is monitored at this seasonal SLAMS site. 2003 0.104 0.089* 5 0.087† Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 PPM Three year avg. of 4th High 2004 0.089 0.081 0 0.085† 2005 0.104 0.088* 5 0.084 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. † Indicates a violation of the standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 47 Maricopa County, AZ Mesa (ME) (04-013-1003) Location: Broadway Rd. and Brooks Ave. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Maricopa County Mesa Air Monitoring Site Site Description: This site is located at Brooks Reservoir at the western edge of the city near the Tempe border. It is centered in an area that contains residential, industrial, and a small amount of agricultural activity. An open field borders the site on the west with commercial development to the north, and light industry east and south of the site. Carbon monoxide, PM2.5, and PM10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS site. MCAQD started operation of the PM2.5 Federal Reference Method monitor in May 2005. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) 2003 2.5 0 176* 1 34 Not Operating Not Operating 2004 1.7 0 49 0 23 Not Operating Not Operating 2005 2.4 0 86 0 30 17.8 8.51# * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. # Indicates <75% data completeness. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 48 Maricopa County, AZ North Phoenix (NP) (04-0131004) Location: 7th St. and Butler Ave. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Maricopa County North Phoenix Air Monitoring Site Site Description: This site is located in the Sunnyslope area of North Phoenix. Sunnyslope is an old established neighborhood, primarily residential. High-density population surrounds the site. CO, ozone, and PM10 (SLAMS) are monitored at this site, along with temperature inversion. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2003 2.3 0 0.113 0.093* 4 0.085† 155* 1 34 2004 2.2 0 0.110 0.087* 1 0.082 46 0 25 2005 2.3 0 0.110 0.089* 3 0.082 81 0 30 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. † Indicates a violation of the standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 49 Maricopa County, AZ Pinnacle Peak (PP) (04-013-2005) Location: Pima Rd & Pinnacle Peak Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations Maricopa County Pinnacle Peak Air Monitoring Site Site Description: This SLAMS site for ozone is located at a golf course country club and is surrounded by residential homes. It is located in a geographic area of low-density population (less than 2500 people per square mile). In previous years, ozone exceedances have been recorded due to transport of ozone and precursors from more urbanized areas of metropolitan Phoenix. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 Three year Avg. of 4th High 2003 0.103 0.093* 3 .084 2004 0.084 0.071 0 0.078 2005 0.104 0.085* 1 0.078 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 50 Maricopa County, AZ Rio Verde (RV) (04-013-9706) Location: Forest Rd. and Del Ray Ave. Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations Maricopa County Rio Verde Air Monitoring Site Site description: This seasonal ozone site became operational in spring of 1997. The monitor is located at the fire station / County Sheriff’s office sub-station located in a residential area surrounded by the desert of Tonto National Forest. The site is eight miles north of the Fountain Hills NAMS station, on the edge of a Class I Wilderness Area. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 Three year Avg. of 4th High 2003 0.113 0.096* 2 .083 2004 0.107 0.083 0 0.077 2005 0.117 0.093* 6 0.079 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 51 Maricopa County, AZ South Phoenix (SP) (04-013-4003) Location: Central Ave. and Broadway Rd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Maricopa County South Phoenix Air Monitoring Site Site Description: The site was opened at its current location in October 1999. The site is at the edge of a high population area, but also borders on a mixture of residential and commercial (retail stores, food establishments, and office parks) land use. The station has two high population areas (>5000 people per square miles) north and west of the site. Carbon monoxide, ozone, and PM10 (SLAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. MCAQD started operation of a PM2.5 Federal Reference Monitor in May 2005. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2003 3.6 0 0.095 0.083 0 0.077 164* 1 Not Operating Not Operating 52* 2004 3.5 0 0.089 0.079 0 0.076 132 0 Not Operating Not Operating 46 2005 3.8 0 0.108 0.081 0 0.075 147 0 56.7 11.46 55* * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 52 Maricopa County, AZ South Scottsdale (SS) (04-013-3003) Location: Thomas Rd. and Miller Rd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure, category (b) Maricopa County South Scottsdale Air Monitoring Site Site Description: The South Scottsdale site is located at the City of Scottsdale Fire Station. The area surrounding the site is residential with a density of 2500 to 5000 persons per square mile. This site is located 12 miles east of metropolitan Central Phoenix. Carbon monoxide, (SLAMS) ozone, NO2, SO2, and PM10 (all NAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) Max. 24-hr SO2 Avg. (PPM) Number of Exceedances Annual SO2 Avg. (PPM) 2003 2.3 0 0.107 0.097* 3 0.078 172* 1 36 # 0.005 0 0.002 2004 2.4 0 0.091 0.081 0 0.077 77 0 26 0.019 0.006 0 0.002 2005 2.4 0 0.117 0.089* 1 0.076 121 0 34 0.0196 0.006 0 0.0017 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. # Indicates <75% data recovery. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 53 Maricopa County, AZ Tempe (TE) (04-013-4005) Location: Apache Blvd. & College Ave. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Maricopa County Tempe Air Monitoring Site Site Description: The site was established in 2000. The site was established to fill in a spatial gap between the metropolitan Phoenix area and the city of Mesa. Ozone (SPM), carbon monoxide (SPM) are monitored at the site. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 Three year Avg. of 4th High 2003 2.9 0 0.109 0.086* 1 0.079 2004 1.9 0 0.095 0.078 0 0.077 2005 2.6 0 0.111 0.086* 1 0.076 * Indicates an exceedance of standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 54 Maricopa County, AZ West Chandler (WC) (04-013-4004) Location: Frye Rd. and Ellis St. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Maricopa County West Chandler Air Monitoring Site Site Description: This site was first established in January 1995. The site was moved one half mile to the southeast in May 2000. A wide range of land uses surround the site including residential, agriculture, and heavy industry (semiconductor manufacturing plants and liquid air storage). Carbon monoxide, ozone, and PM10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS site. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2003 2.6 0 0.101 0.082 0 0.079 206* 2 42 2004 2.1 0 0.080 0.073 0 0.077 70 0 30 2005 2.4 0 0.096 0.082 0 0.076 94 0 34 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 55 Maricopa County, AZ West 43rd Avenue (WF) (04-013-4009) Location: 43rd Ave. & Broadway Rd. Spatial Scale: Middle Monitoring Objective: Maximum Concentration Maricopa County West 43rd Avenue Air Monitoring Site Site Description: Monitoring began at the site in the 2nd quarter of 2002. This site is located at a Maricopa County Department of Transportation storage lot. The site is surrounded by a combination of heavy industry and residential homes. The site has one continuous TEOM PM10 monitor and a temperature inversion monitor. The main purpose of the monitor is to measure maximum concentration PM10 and to determine the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories. The sources around the site include sand and gravel operations, auto and metal recycling, landfills, paved and unpaved haul roads, and cement casting. 3 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2003 157* 1 62* 2004 251*‡ 1 61*‡ 2005 233* 13 74* * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. ‡ Indicates Exceptional Events 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 56 Maricopa County, AZ West Indian School Rd. (WI) (04-013-0016) Location: 33rd Ave. and Indian School Rd. Spatial Scale: Micro Monitoring Objective: Maximum Pollutant Concentration and Impact of Significant Sources, category (a) Maricopa County West Indian School Road Air Monitoring Site Site Description: The site is located at the City of Phoenix Firefighter Training Center. This site is used to monitor micro-scale maximum concentrations and is based on high vehicular traffic. The Average Weekday Traffic (AWT) volume past this location on Indian School Road is estimated to be approximately 55,000 vehicles/day. The site is also in close proximity to Grand Ave. and 35th Ave., which have AWT volumes of about 35,000 vehicles/day. Carbon monoxide is monitored at this NAMS site. 2003 5.4 0 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 57 2004 4.7 0 2005 5.3 0 Maricopa County, AZ West Phoenix (WP) (04-013-0019) Location: 39th Ave. and Earll Dr. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Maricopa County West Phoenix Air Monitoring Site Site Description: This site became operational in 1984. It is located about one-mile southwest of the West Indian School Road micro-scale CO monitor. The spatial scale for the West Phoenix site is neighborhood. It is located in an area of stable, high population density. Carbon monoxide (NAMS), PM10 (NAMS), ozone (SLAMS), and NO2 (SLAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this site. MCAQD also operates collocated PM2.5 FRM monitors (SLAMS). Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.085 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) 2003 6.2 0 0.099 0.081 0 0.078 158* 1 46 Not Operating Not Operating # 2004 5.2 0 0.097 0.080 0 0.077 100 0 37 35.2 11.60 0.024 2005 5.8 0 0.094 0.072 0 0.072 155* 1 45 39.2 11.08 0.0235 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. # Indicates <75% data available. 2005 Air Monitoring Network Review 58 Maricopa County, AZ