Maricopa County Air Quality Department 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review MAY 2005 Air Monitoring Division 1001 N. Central Ave. Suite 550 Phoenix, AZ 85004 Acknowledgements The Maricopa County Air Monitoring Division maintains more than twenty ambient air monitoring sites throughout Maricopa County. There have been several challenges this year including the implementation of new sites and new monitors. Three new technicians were hired this year (Chris Hernandez, Dan Fields, and Ron Murdock). I would especially like to thank all of the air monitoring staff for the excellent job they did in maintaining Maricopa County’s air monitoring network. They are Larry Seals, Tom Shorb, Gary Ensminger, Bill Searle, Dale Foster, Chris Hernandez, Dan Fields, Ron Murdock, Hugh Tom, Del Hawkins, and Robert Dyer. In addition, the assistance of other agencies that provided data and helpful comments to this review is gratefully acknowledged. These include Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ), Pinal County Air Quality Control District (PCAQCD), and Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG). Ben Davis Air Monitoring Division Manager Maricopa County Air Quality Department Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................................................................. II ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1 NETWORK DESIGN ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 SPECIAL PROJECTS AND NETWORK CHANGES ...................................................................................................... 2 DATA SUMMARIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3 CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS ......................................................................................................................................... 3 CARBON MONOXIDE (CO).............................................................................................................................................. 5 OZONE (O3)......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10)...................................................................................................................................... 8 PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5)............................................................................................................................................. 9 NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2).............................................................................................................................................. 9 SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2) ................................................................................................................................................. 10 LEAD / TSP........................................................................................................................................................................ 10 REQUIRED INFORMATION............................................................................................................................................ 11 2004 CONCENTRATION RANGES................................................................................................................................. 11 DATA COMPLETENESS ................................................................................................................................................. 13 COMPLIANCE - NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS).................................................... 13 2004 NAAQS EXCEEDANCE AND VIOLATION SUMMARY..................................................................................... 15 MONITORING SITES ........................................................................................................................................................ 19 BLUE POINT (BP) (04-013-9702) ........................................................................................................................................ 22 BUCKEYE (BE) (04-013-4011)............................................................................................................................................ 23 CAVE CREEK (CC) (04-013-4008) ...................................................................................................................................... 24 CENTRAL PHOENIX (CP) (04-013-3002) ............................................................................................................................. 25 CHANDLER (CH) (04-013-0021) ......................................................................................................................................... 26 DURANGO COMPLEX (DC) (04-013-9812).......................................................................................................................... 27 DYSART (DY) (04-013-4010) ............................................................................................................................................. 28 FALCON FIELD (FF) (04-013-1010)..................................................................................................................................... 29 FOUNTAIN HILLS (FH) (04-013-9704) ............................................................................................................................... 30 GLENDALE (GL) (04-013-2001).......................................................................................................................................... 31 GREENWOOD (GR) (04-013-3010)...................................................................................................................................... 32 HIGLEY (HI) (04-013-4006)................................................................................................................................................ 33 HUMBOLDT MOUNTAIN (HM) (04-013-9508)..................................................................................................................... 34 MESA (ME) (04-013-1003)................................................................................................................................................. 35 NORTH PHOENIX (NP) (04-013-1004)................................................................................................................................. 36 PINNACLE PEAK (PP) (04-013-2005) .................................................................................................................................. 37 RIO VERDE (RV) (04-013-9706)......................................................................................................................................... 38 SOUTH PHOENIX (SP) (04-013-4003).................................................................................................................................. 39 SOUTH SCOTTSDALE (SS) (04-013-3003) ........................................................................................................................... 40 TEMPE (TE) (04-013-4005)................................................................................................................................................. 41 WEST CHANDLER (WC) (04-013-4004) .............................................................................................................................. 42 WEST FORTY THIRD (WF) (04-013-4009) .......................................................................................................................... 43 WEST INDIAN SCHOOL RD. (WI) (04-013-0016)................................................................................................................. 44 WEST PHOENIX (WP) (04-013-0019).................................................................................................................................. 45 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ............................................................................................................................................. 46 EPA OZONE MAPPING ........................................................................................................................................................ 46 MARICOPA COUNTY’S INTERACTIVE POLLUTION MAP ....................................................................................................... 47 CONVERTING TO CONTINUOUS PARTICULATE MONITORING ............................................................................................... 47 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review iii Maricopa County, AZ PM2.5 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 NEW SITES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 47 POLLUTION TRENDS....................................................................................................................................................... 48 CARBON MONOXIDE ........................................................................................................................................................... 48 OZONE ................................................................................................................................................................................ 48 PARTICULATES .................................................................................................................................................................... 49 NITROGEN DIOXIDE ............................................................................................................................................................ 50 SULFUR DIOXIDE ................................................................................................................................................................ 51 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 52 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................................... 53 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review iv Maricopa County, AZ List of Tables Table 1. Site Monitoring Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Table 2. Spatial Measurement Scales ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Table 3. Seasonal Monitors ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 Table 4. Maricopa County Ambient Air Monitoring Sites for 2004 ....................................................................................... 4 Table 5. Criteria Pollutants Monitored, by Site and Network ................................................................................................. 4 Table 6. 2004 1-hour and 8-hour Average Carbon Monoxide Summary ................................................................................ 5 Table 7. 2004 One Hour Average Ozone Summary................................................................................................................ 6 Table 8. 2004 8-hr Average Ozone Summary ......................................................................................................................... 7 Table 9. 2004 Particulate Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Table 10. 2004 Nitrogen Dioxide Summary ........................................................................................................................... 9 Table 11. 2004 Sulfur Dioxide Summary.............................................................................................................................. 10 Table 12. Distribution of 8-hour Carbon Monoxide Concentrations..................................................................................... 11 Table 13. Distribution of 1-hour Ozone Concentrations ....................................................................................................... 11 Table 14. Distribution of 1-hour Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations...................................................................................... 12 Table 15. Distribution of 24-hr Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations............................................................................................ 12 Table 16. Distribution of 24-hour PM10 Concentrations ....................................................................................................... 12 Table 17. 2004 Criteria Pollutant Data Completeness........................................................................................................... 13 Table 18. National Ambient Air Quality Standards .............................................................................................................. 14 Table 19. 2004 NAAQS Exceedances................................................................................................................................... 15 Table 20. Violations of the 24-hr PM10 Standard .................................................................................................................. 16 Table 21. Violations of the Annual PM10 Standard ............................................................................................................... 17 Table 22. Violations of the 8-hr Ozone Standard .................................................................................................................. 18 Table 23. Site Location ......................................................................................................................................................... 20 Table 24. Site Instrument Setup ............................................................................................................................................ 21 Table 25. Air Quality Index .................................................................................................................................................. 46 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review v Maricopa County, AZ Abstract This 2004 Annual Air Monitoring Network Review is being submitted by the Maricopa County Air Quality Department1 (MCAQD) to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region 9. The network review evaluates the adequacy of the ambient air monitoring network with respect to the monitoring objectives and spatial scales. This annual assessment is required by 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix F. The National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS) and State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) are evaluated for their location and adequacy. Network changes, special projects, and 3-year data summaries are also included in the review. Network Design The purpose of the ambient air monitoring network is to sample air pollution in a variety of settings, assess the health and welfare effects, and assist in determining sources of air pollution. In general, six basic monitoring objectives and five measuring scales are used to determine the network design (see Tables 1 and 2). Additional considerations such as availability of power, accessibility to site, security, geographic location, and fiscal and personnel resources are also addressed in determining the feasibility of the network design. Table 1. Site Monitoring Objectives 1. Determine highest concentrations expected to occur in the area covered by the network. 2. Determine representative concentrations in areas of high population density. 3. Determine the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories. 4. Determine general background concentration levels. 5. Determine the extent of regional pollutant transport from populated areas, with regards to the secondary standards (such as visibility impairment and effects on vegetation). 6. Determine the welfare-related impacts in more rural and remote areas. To establish a new or evaluate an old site, one must link its monitoring objectives to the physical location of the site. This can be done by matching the spatial scale, which represents the sample of air around the monitor where pollutant concentrations are reasonably uniform, with the most appropriate monitoring objective. Thus, spatial scale represents the physical dimensions of the air parcel around the monitor, and monitoring objective represents the overall purpose of the monitor. Combining the proper spatial scale with the monitoring objective explains why air monitoring sites are located in particular areas. Table 2. Spatial Measurement Scales Scale Defined parameter (radius) Micro Scale 0 to 100 meters Middle Scale 100 to 500 meters Neighborhood Scale 0.5 to 4 kilometers Urban Scale 4 to 50 kilometers Regional Scale 10 to 100s of kilometers 1 The functions of the former Air Quality Division of the Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD) were transferred to the newly-created Air Quality Department in November 2004. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 1 Maricopa County, AZ Since it is physically and fiscally impossible to monitor air quality in every location, representative samples must be obtained. The optimal locations for obtaining these samples are determined by using the monitoring objectives and the spatial measurement scales described above. For example, there might be numerous locations where the highest concentration of carbon monoxide may occur. Using these principles, only one or two sites will be established to represent all of the high-concentration areas. The same reasoning can be used for different types of pollutants. This does not mean that the number of monitoring sites is fixed. To the contrary, the network must be dynamic enough to maintain a current representative sample of the air quality. Special Projects and Network Changes Air quality issues such as the Salt River SIP, natural events policy, and permits for new sources are diverse and controversial subjects for the citizens of Maricopa County. Since no policies can be made without high-quality monitoring data, the MCAQD Air Monitoring Division strives to provide the most reliable and relevant air monitoring data to the public. The following is a list of projects and changes that have occurred during the year 2004. I. MCAQD continues to run some of its carbon monoxide (CO) monitors and ozone (O3) monitors on a seasonal basis (Table 3). Having part of the network operating seasonally allows the County to upgrade instruments, perform preventive maintenance, extend the life expectancy of the instruments, reduce replacement costs, and better utilize its QA and QC resources on the remaining instruments. Table 3. Seasonal Monitors Seasonal Carbon Monoxide Monitors (Sept. 1 – Apr. 1) Seasonal Ozone Monitors (Apr. 1 – Nov. 1) Buckeye Site Dysart Site Glendale Site Mesa Site North Phoenix Site South Phoenix Site South Scottsdale Site Tempe Site West Chandler Site Buckeye Site Cave Creek Site Dysart Site Falcon Field Site Glendale Site Humboldt Mountain Site Mesa Site Rio Verde Site Tempe Site West Chandler Site MCAQD continues to operate the fine particulates (PM2.5) monitors at the West Phoenix site. MCAQD has deployed an additional compliance PM2.5 monitor at the South Phoenix site, as of January 1, 2005. A third monitor will be deployed in mid-2005. Possible sites include Central Phoenix, Mesa, or in the west valley (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). II. The Maryvale site (04-013-3006) was shut down as of March 31, 2004 and the instruments were moved to the Buckeye site (established August 1, 2004). III. MCAQD continues to participate in the Joint Air Toxic Assessment Project (JATAP) in conjunction with the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) and Phoenix area Urban Tribal 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 2 Maricopa County, AZ Communities. We have been providing space at our existing sites (South Phoenix, West Phoenix, and Greenwood) for Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) monitoring. IV. ADEQ, in conjunction with MCAQD, has developed a year-round air quality forecasting capability for the Phoenix metropolitan area. ADEQ takes the lead on air quality forecasting and issuing of High Pollution Advisories, while MCAQD provides monitoring data and designates No-Burn Days. V. MCAQD is continuing its distribution of air monitoring data to the public by posting one-hour continuous data on the Internet. Additionally, MCAQD participates in the EPA Ozone Mapping AIRNOW website (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). The corresponding websites are as follows: • • Maricopa County Air Quality Dept: AIRNOW: http://www.epa.gov/airnow VI. In accordance with 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix K; MCAQD has converted four of its one- and six-day particulate monitors to a continuous monitoring schedule (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). VII. MCAQD continues to evaluate the PM10 network for possible additional sites for determining the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories. The significant sources would include industry and agriculture. The allocation of both financial and personnel resources continue to remain significant obstacles to the establishment of new monitoring sites. Data Summaries CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS Certain air pollutants, called “criteria air pollutants,” are common throughout the United States. These pollutants can cause health problems, pollute the environment, and cause property damage. These criteria pollutants are so named since the US EPA has regulations on allowable levels of these substances on the basis of health-based criteria. One set of limits, called “primary standards”, protects health, while another set of “secondary” standards, are designed to protect property and the environment. MCAQD operates monitors for the following criteria pollutants: carbon monoxide, ozone, particulates, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Since levels of lead have been consistently below national levels, MCAQD has been allowed to stop monitoring for lead. The MCAQD monitors for these criteria pollutants by maintaining twenty-five ambient air-monitoring sites throughout Maricopa County (Table 4). The dates that the sites were established range from 1961 (Central Phoenix) to 2004 (Buckeye). Land use patterns around these sites vary from heavy populated urban areas to sparsely populated rural settings. Site elevations range from the Salt River channel to the top of Humboldt Mountain. Not all pollutants are measured at all sites, some sites measure all of the pollutants, while others only measure one or two pollutants (Table 5). The following discussion focuses on Maricopa County’s Ambient Air Monitoring Network as it relates to the criteria pollutants and monitoring objectives of the National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS), State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS), and Special Purpose Monitors (SPM). 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 3 Maricopa County, AZ Table 4. Maricopa County Ambient Air Monitoring Sites for 2004 Site Name Site Abbr. AQS Code Blue Point Buckeye Cave Creek Chandler Central Phoenix Durango Complex Dysart Falcon Field Fountain Hills Glendale Greenwood Higley Humboldt Mountain BP BE CC CH CP DC DY FF FH GL GR HI HM Site Name 04-013-9702 04-013-4011 04-013-4008 04-013-0021 04-013-3002 04-013-9812 04-013-4010 04-013-1010 04-013-9704 04-013-2001 04-013-3010 04-013-4006 04-013-9508 Site Abbr. AQS Code Maryvale Mesa North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler West 43rd Ave. W. Indian School Rd. West Phoenix MA ME NP PP RV SP SS TE WC WF WI WP 04-013-3006 04-013-1003 04-013-1004 04-013-2005 04-013-9706 04-013-4003 04-013-3003 04-013-4005 04-013-4004 04-013-4009 04-013-0016 04-013-0019 Table 5. Criteria Pollutants Monitored, by Site and Network Site Blue Point Buckeye Cave Creek Chandler Central Phoenix Durango Complex Dysart Falcon Field Fountain Hills Glendale Greenwood Higley Humboldt Mountain Maryvale Mesa North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler West 43rd Ave. W. Indian School Rd. West Phoenix O3 NAMS SLAMS SLAMS CO SLAMS NAMS NAMS SLAMS SLAMS NAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS PM10 NO2 SO2 SLAMS SLAMS NAMS NAMS SLAMS SLAMS NAMS NAMS NAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS S.P. SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS S.P. SLAMS SLAMS NAMS NAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS NAMS NAMS NAMS SLAMS SLAMS NAMS SLAMS S.P. = Special-purpose monitor ) 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 4 Maricopa County, AZ CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) During 2004, thirteen CO monitors were reported as operational to the USEPA Air Quality System (AQS). Three of the monitors were classified as NAMS, nine as SLAMS, and one reported as a Special Purpose Monitor (SPM) (Table 5). For calendar year 2004, no exceedances of the CO 1-hour or 8-hour standards were recorded at any MCAQD monitoring sites (see Table -6). Table 6. 2004 1-hour and 8-hour Average Carbon Monoxide Summary CO 1-hour Average Max. (PPM) Date: Time 0.9 12/10: 11 CO 1-hour Average 2nd High (PPM) Date: Time 0.9 12/28: 09 C. Phoenix 5.0 12/11: 22 4.4 12/10: 21 8629 Dysart 2.1 12/30: 06 1.8 10/06: 06 Glendale 6.1 01/08: 21 Greenwood CO 8-hour Average 2nd High (PPM) Date: Time 0.4 11/27: 08 Number of Exceedances of 1/8-Hour average 0/0 3.4 12/11: 08 3.3 01/06: 03 0/0 5024 1.1 01/28: 12 1.1 10/06: 10 0/0 3.2 09/06: 09 5045 2.4 01/07: 04 2.1 01/09: 00 0/0 7.6 01/06: 08 7.3 01/09: 08 8661 4.9 01/06: 10 4.3 01/09: 08 0/0 Mesa 3.0 02/18: 21 2.6 03/18: 21 5008 1.7 01/08: 00 1.7 02/15: 02 0/0 N. Phoenix 4.1 01/06: 08 3.7 01/05: 07 4933 2.2 12/25: 02 2.0 01/08: 00 0/0 S. Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler W. Indian School W. Phoenix 6.7 01/09: 08 5.9 11/05: 19 5053 3.5 01/09: 10 3.3 12/11: 09 0/0 3.4 12/03: 07 3.1 01/05: 07 4875 2.4 01/08: 00 2.4 12/13: 00 0/0 3.1 01/06: 08 2.6 01/26:21 4891 1.9 02/18: 00 1.7 12/25: 02 0/0 2.9 12/10: 22 2.7 01/18: 23 5032 2.1 01/19: 02 2.1 12/11: 00 0/0 6.9 01/06: 07 6.7 01/06: 08 8448 4.7 01/06: 10 4.6 12/12: 02 0/0 7.7 01/06: 07 7.5 01/06: 08 8408 5.2 12/12: 02 5.1 12/11: 02 0/0 Site Buckeye CO 8-hour Number Average Max. of (PPM) Samples Date: Time 2585 0.5 12/28: 11 CO is the most widely distributed and most commonly occurring air pollutant. Total emissions of CO to the atmosphere exceed all other pollutants combined, on a weight basis. Fortunately, CO does not persist in the atmosphere, but is quickly converted to carbon dioxide (CO2). CO can reach dangerous levels in localized areas or hotspots such as heavily traveled intersections or city streets. In addition, CO has been implicated in ozone formation. Most people are familiar with CO and are aware that automobiles produce this deadly odorless and colorless gas. In Maricopa County, more than 70% of all anthropogenic CO comes from motor vehicle emissions. In fact, this gas is produced almost anytime something is burned. All substances that are living (plants, animals) or that were once living (wood, coal, oil, gasoline) are composed of carbon compounds. If these substances are burned in the presence of sufficient oxygen, the carbon is converted to CO2 gas. If, as is often the case, not enough oxygen is present, carbon monoxide gas is produced. Carbon monoxide’s danger lies in the extremely strong affinity that hemoglobin has for it. Hemoglobin, the special oxygen-transporting material in the red blood cell, has approximately 200 times stronger affinity for CO than for oxygen. Therefore, if both CO and O2 are present the bonding between the CO and hemoglobin will prevent the O2 from exchanging with a person’s body. This puts a heavy burden on people with heart disease and can aggravate angina, but even healthy people can suffer from harmful side effects from CO. In 2004 Maricopa County achieved its eighth consecutive year of compliance with the eight-hour CO standard. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 5 Maricopa County, AZ OZONE (O3) During 2004, seventeen ozone monitors were reported as operational in AQS. Four of the monitors were identified as NAMS, twelve were identified as SLAMS, and one was identified as a SPM (Table 5). For calendar year 2004, no exceedances of the ozone 1-hour average standard were recorded at Maricopa County monitoring sites (Table 7). Table 7. 2004 One Hour Average Ozone Summary Site Blue Point Max. (PPM) Date: Time .110 08/09: 16 2nd High (PPM) Date: Time .098 08/03: 18 3rd High (PPM) Date: Time .098 08/11: 15 4th High (PPM) Date: Time .092 08/12: 17 Number of Exceed. 0 Number of Samples 8443 Buckeye .088 09/11:14 .080 09/06: 16 .071 09/10: 16 .070 08/08: 12 0 # 2070 Cave Creek .092 08/10: 17 .091 09/10: 17 .089 08/01: 15 .087 09/01: 16 0 5067 C. Phoenix .100 08/07: 14 .093 09/12: 13 .088 07/26: 15 .088 09/11: 16 0 8524 Dysart .081 09/12: 12 .079 07/26: 15 .078 07/24: 13 .078 07/25: 18 0 5017 Falcon Field .093 08/03: 17 .087 07/27: 15 .087 08/09: 15 .086 08/11: 14 0 5021 Fountain Hills .098 08/09: 15 .095 08/03: 17 .095 08/11: 15 .089 07/12: 16 0 8615 Glendale .100 07/26: 15 .091 07/27: 15 .089 07/24: 16 .089 09/12: 12 0 5061 Humboldt Mt. .089 09/10: 19 .088 06/12:15 .087 07/12: 15 .086 05/15: 16 0 5041 N. Phoenix .110 09/12: 13 .099 07/26: 17 .096 07/27: 16 .094 08/03: 14 0 8489 Pinnacle Peak .084 07/12: 15 .082 07/14: 14 .080 08/03: 16 .079 05/15: 15 0 8316 Rio Verde .107 08/11: 15 .092 05/15: 16 .092 07/14: 14 .091 08/09: 16 0 4313 S. Phoenix .089 09/11: 15 .088 08/07: 14 .086 09/12: 13 .085 07/25: 15 0 8599 S. Scottsdale .091 07/26: 17 .087 09/12: 13 .086 07/27: 16 .084 08/03: 15 0 8370 Tempe .095 08/07: 15 .088 08/11: 13 .086 08/03: 15 .084 07/11: 14 0 4981 W. Chandler .080 09/11: 17 .078 04/24: 16 .078 07/25: 14 .078 07/26: 15 0 5062 West Phoenix .097 09/12: 12 .089 07/25: 16 .089 09/11: 15 .088 07/26: 16 0 8638 # indicates <75% data available In 2004 Maricopa County achieved its eighth consecutive year of compliance with the one-hour ozone standard. However, the urbanized area of Maricopa County currently retains its designation as a serious non-attainment area. MAG has prepared a maintenance plan for submission to the USEPA to allow Maricopa County to be redesignated to an attainment area for the one-hour ozone standard. [Note: On March 21, 2005, the US EPA published a notice in the Federal Register proposing to re-designate the Phoenix metro area to attainment of the 1-hour ozone standard.] On July 18, 1997 the Environmental Protection Agency promulgated a new ozone standard to ensure a more effective and efficient protection of public health and the environment. This new primary standard for ozone is 0.08 ppm. Compliance with the standard is determined by averaging the 4th highest eight-hour average over a 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 6 Maricopa County, AZ three-year period. This three-year average must be less than or equal to 0.08 ppm. It should be noted that the US Supreme Court has recently allowed the USEPA to implement the new ozone standard. For calendar year 2004, there was one site that exceeded the eight-hour primary standard for ozone. Table 8 presents the 2004 data summary for eight-hour ozone at MCAQD monitoring sites. Additionally, one site violated the eight-hour primary standard (Table 22). Table 8. 2004 8-hr Average Ozone Summary Site Blue Point 8-hour max. (PPM) Date: Time .081 08/03: 13 2nd High (PPM) Date: Time .077 06/11: 12 3rd High (PPM) Date: Time .076 07/27: 11 4th High (PPM) Date: Time .075 05/15: 11 Number of Days ≥ 0.085 0 Buckeye .068 09/06: 11 .067 09/11: 10 .064 08/15: 10 .058 08/10: 11 0 Cave Creek .079 09/10: 12 .077 08/10: 10 .076 06/10: 11 .076 06/11: 11 0 Central Phoenix .078 07/25: 11 .077 07/26: 12 .075 07/27: 10 .074 07/24: 11 0 Dysart .074 07/25: 11 .073 07/26: 12 .070 07/24: 10 .065 09/06: 11 0 Falcon Field .077 07/27: 11 .077 08/03: 12 .072 07/26: 12 .070 05/15: 11 0 Fountain Hills .077 05/15: 11 .077 06/11: 12 .076 07/27: 11 .075 08/03: 12 0 Glendale .082 07/26: 11 .080 07/24: 10 .079 07/25: 12 .076 07/27: 10 0 Humboldt Mt. .081 06/11: 12 .080 06/10: 11 .080 09/09: 18 .078 05/12: 12 0 North Phoenix .087 07/27: 09 .084 07/26: 12 .082 07/24: 10 .080 08/01: 10 1 Pinnacle Peak .071 05/15: 10 .070 03/19: 15 .069 05/14: 19 .068 07/26: 14 0 Rio Verde .083 05/15: 11 .077 05/13: 12 .077 05/14: 11 .074 06/11: 12 0 South Phoenix .079 07/25: 11 .073 06/11: 11 .073 09/11: 11 .072 04/25: 11 0 South Scottsdale .081 07/26: 12 .079 07/27: 09 .077 07/25: 11 .073 07/24: 11 0 Tempe .078 07/25: 11 .072 07/26: 11 .072 07/27: 10 .072 08/10: 12 0 West Chandler .073 07/25: 10 .072 04/24: 11 .072 07/26: 12 .070 04/25: 10 0 West Phoenix .080 07/25: 11 .077 07/26: 12 .074 07/24: 11 .072 07/27: 11 0 O3 is a naturally occurring compound in which three oxygen atoms combine together. This is an unstable combination, and ozone is continually going through a natural cycle of being formed and then converting back to the more stable “normal” double oxygen compound (O2). The cycle occurs fairly rapidly. In the stratosphere (6 miles and more above the earth), natural occurring ozone has a beneficial effect of screening out harmful ultraviolet light from the sun. Ozone is a major component of the brown haze smog. Ozone is not directly emitted into the air, but rather forms in a complex reaction that involves heat, sunlight, and a “soup” of toxic pollutants, especially volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Some of the most common sources of VOCs are gasoline vapors, chemical solvents, and combustion products of fuels and consumer products. Ozone is created by sunlight acting on nitrates (NOX) and VOCs from motor vehicles and stationary sources, and can be carried hundreds of miles from their origins. Ozone affects the respiratory system in people and animals, and also affects the growth of plants. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 7 Maricopa County, AZ PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10) During 2004, sixteen PM10 monitors were reported as operational in AQS. Six monitors were identified as NAMS; ten were identified as SLAMS (Table 5). The Central Phoenix site (CP) has both a continuous particulate monitor and a 6-day SSI High Volume Monitor. For calendar year 2004, there were four sites that exceeded the PM10 twenty-four hour standard. Additionally, there were two sites that exceeded the PM10 annual standard (Table 9). For calendar year 2004, there were eleven sites that violated the PM10 24-hour standard and four sites that violated the PM10 annual standard (described in Tables 20 and 21). Table 9. 2004 Particulate Summary Site Name Buckeye Central Phoenix Central Phoenix 24-hr Avg. 24-hr Avg. Max 2nd High Number of Expected Annual Avg. Number of 3 (µg/m3) Exceedances Exceedances (µg/m ) Samples (µg/m3) 289 * 82 1 1 # 51 95 81 55 0 0 32 60 94 88 0 0 37 8,086 150 80 0 0 40 61 ~ 209 * 139 1 1 52 * Dysart 94 80 0 0 27 61 Glendale 69 47 0 0 26 59 100 82 0 0 44 61 159 * 2 2 48 136 (continuous) Chandler Durango Complex Greenwood 138 Higley ~ 493 * Mesa 49 40 0 0 23 61 North Phoenix 46 43 0 0 25 59 South Phoenix 132 126 0 0 46 58 South Scottsdale 77 41 0 0 26 61 West Chandler 70 55 0 0 30 61 ~ 251 * 145 1 1 61 * 100 72 0 0 37 West Forty Third West Phoenix 133 61 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. # Indicates <75% data availability. ~ Indicates Exceptional Events In April of 2005 the EPA agreed with the ADEQ assessment that the exceedances of the 24-hr standard that occurred on August 13, 2004 were caused by exceptional events. The sites that exceeded were Durango Complex, Higley, and West Forty Third. With is designation, these values will not count against the County’s attainment status for both the 24-hr and annual standard. Particulate matter is the term for solid or liquid particles found in the air. While some particles are large or dark enough to be seen as soot or smoke, others can only be seen through an electron microscope. In 1987 the EPA replaced the Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) air quality standard with a standard for PM10 (particles measuring ten microns or less). Health research studies have found that PM10 has the ability to reach the lower 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 8 Maricopa County, AZ regions of the respiratory tract, and thus can affect the respiratory system in both humans and animals. Particulates that have high acid levels can cause damage to man-made materials and reduce visibility. On July 2, 2002 (67 FR 44369), EPA found the state implementation plan (SIP) for the Metropolitan Phoenix (Maricopa County), Arizona serious PM10 non-attainment area to be inadequate to attain the 24-hour particulate (PM10) air quality standard at the Salt River monitoring site. Under authority from the Clean Air Act, EPA has required a SIP revision to be submitted by the State of Arizona to correct the inadequacy. In 2004 the Arizona Department of Environmental submitted a SIP addressing the inadequacies in the Salt River Area to the EPA Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Currently, MCAQD operates collocated compliance PM2.5 monitors at the West Phoenix site (04-013-0019) and an additional monitor at the South Phoenix site (as of January 1, 2005). The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) weighs the filters for both sites. Until MCAQD can completely take over the operation and maintenance of the monitor, ADEQ will report the West Phoenix data to the EPA. MCAQD will operate and maintain the monitor at the South Phoenix site, plus MCAQD will report the data to the EPA. Maricopa County is currently in attainment for PM2.5. NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2) All parts of Maricopa County are in attainment for nitrogen dioxide. During 2004, five NO2 monitors were operational and were reported in AQS. Two monitors were designated as NAMS monitors and three were designated as SLAMS (see Table -5). For calendar year 2004, no exceedances of the NO2 annual standard were recorded at MCAQD monitoring sites (Table 10). Table 10. 2004 Nitrogen Dioxide Summary NO2 Avg. 1-hour Max. (PPM) Date: Time NO2 Avg. 1-hour 2nd High (PPM) Date: Time Number of 1-hour Samples Annual Average (PPM) Buckeye 0.045 10/07: 18 0.042 09/10: 06 3229 0.011 # Central Phoenix 0.077 01/07: 10 0.077 12/16: 08 8362 0.0247 Greenwood 0.104 01/06: 09 0.103 01/06: 07 8519 0.0314 South Scottsdale 0.076 05/14: 20 0.075 01/07: 17 8090 0.0194 West Phoenix 0.09 03/09: 09 0.088 09/24: 08 8540 0.0238 Site # Indicates <75% data available NO2 belongs to a family of highly reactive gases called nitrogen oxides. These gases are formed when fuel is burned at high temperatures, and are emitted primarily from automobile exhaust and power plants. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide can irritate the lungs and lower resistance to respiratory infections, particularly in people with existing respiratory illness such as asthma. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 9 Maricopa County, AZ SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2) Maricopa County is in attainment for SO2. During 2004, two SO2 monitors were operational and were reported in AQS. Both of these monitors were designated NAMS sites (see Table 5). For calendar year 2004 no exceedances of the SO2 annual, 24-hour, or 3-hour standard were recorded at Maricopa County monitoring sites (see Table 11). Table 11. 2004 Sulfur Dioxide Summary 1-hour 1-hour 3-hour 3-hour 24-hour 24-hour Max. 2nd High Max. 2nd High Max. 2nd High Annual Number (PPM) (PPM) (PPM) (PPM) (PPM) (PPM) Avg. of Date: Time Date: Time Date: Time Date: Time Date: Time Date: Time (PPM) Samples Site Central .015 .014 .012 .011 .009 .008 .0025 7849 Phoenix 12/16: 08 01/06: 08 01/06: 08 01/07: 02 01/07: 23 01/06: 23 .010 .010 .007 .006 South .007 .005 .0016 8272 01/19: 10 03/01: 11 01/19: 14 02/18: 23 Scottsdale 02/18: 20 02/16: 23 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. SO2 is emitted (in gaseous form) largely from burning high-sulfur coal, oil, and diesel fuel. Because this gas is usually found in association with particulate pollution, as SO2 is the precursor for fine sulfate particles, separating the health effects of these two pollutants is difficult. Together SO2 and PM10 make up a major portion of the pollutant load in many cities, acting separately and in concert to threaten public health. LEAD / TSP The monitoring of lead/TSP was discontinued in 1997. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 10 Maricopa County, AZ REQUIRED INFORMATION Tables 12 through 16 below present data on the distribution of monitored values for various air pollutants (in parts per million), as required by the 40 CFR Part 58 App. F. 2004 CONCENTRATION RANGES Table 12. Distribution of 8-hour Carbon Monoxide Concentrations Number of 8-hr Average Values (PPM) Site Central Phoenix Dysart Glendale Greenwood Mesa North Phoenix South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler W. Indian School West Phoenix 0 to 4 8720 5068 5104 8741 5055 4969 5109 4916 4935 5087 8534 8484 5 to 8 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 9 9 to 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 to 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 to 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 to 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 to 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Greater than 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 13. Distribution of 1-hour Ozone Concentrations Site Blue Point Cave Creek Central Phoenix Dysart Falcon Field Fountain Hills Glendale Humboldt Mt. North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler West Phoenix 0.00 to 0.04 5955 2334 7060 4008 3393 6188 3723 935 6543 5347 2451 6757 6824 3575 3616 7000 0.05 to 0.08 2472 2725 1455 1009 1620 2410 1328 4097 1916 2969 1850 1837 1540 1403 1446 1627 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review Number of 1-hr Average Values (PPM) 0.09 to 0.13 to 0.17 to 0.21 to 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 16 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 11 0.25 to 0.28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Greater than 0.28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maricopa County, AZ Table 14. Distribution of 1-hour Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Site Central Phoenix Greenwood South Scottsdale West Phoenix 0.00 to 0.04 7290 6704 7689 7767 0.05 to 0.08 1072 1807 401 768 Number of 1-hr Average Values (PPM) 0.09 to 0.13 to 0.17 to 0.21 to 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0.25 to 0.28 0 0 0 0 Greater than 0.28 0 0 0 0 Table 15. Distribution of 24-hr Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations Site Central Phoenix South Scottsdale 0.00 to 0.04 319 346 0.05 to 0.08 10 3 Number of 24-hr Average Values (PPM) 0.09 to 0.13 to 0.17 to 0.21 to 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 to 0.28 0 0 Greater than 0.28 0 0 301 to 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Greater than 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 16. Distribution of 24-hour PM10 Concentrations Site Buckeye Central Phoenix Chandler Durango Dysart Glendale Greenwood Higley Mesa North Phoenix South Phoenix South Scottsdale West Chandler West 43rd Ave. West Phoenix 0 to 50 71 57 42 62 58 58 43 80 61 59 38 60 57 51 50 Number of 24-hr Average Values (µg/m3) 101 to 151 to 201 to 251 to 51 to 100 150 200 250 300 23 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 18 1 0 0 0 61 14 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 49 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 63 18 0 0 1 11 0 0 0 0 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 12 Maricopa County, AZ DATA COMPLETENESS Before any data set can be considered valid it must first pass a data recovery test that consists of determining the ratio of actual samples to scheduled samples by quarter. This ratio must be greater than 75% for a data set to pass the first validity test. After all validation test have been passed, the data can be used to determine compliance with the NAAQS. The following is a summary of the annual data completeness for all criteria pollutants (Table 17). Table 17. 2004 Criteria Pollutant Data Completeness Number of Actual Samples Number of Scheduled Samples 76,592 78,768 97.2% 109,627 113,568 96.5% 812 820 99.0% PM10 (continuous) 8,439 9,152 92.2% Nitrogen Dioxide 36,740 38,808 94.7% Sulfur Dioxide 16,121 17,568 91.8% 248,331 258,684 Carbon Monoxide Ozone PM10 (1 in 6 day) Total Data Completeness (Actual/Schedule) 96.0% COMPLIANCE - NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS) The EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) manages programs to improve air quality in areas where the current quality is unacceptable and to prevent deterioration in areas where the air is relatively free of contamination. To accomplish this task, OAQPS establishes the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for each of the criteria pollutants. There are two types of standards. Primary standards protect against adverse health effects; secondary standards protect against welfare effects, such as damage to farm crops and vegetation and damage to buildings. Because different pollutants have different effects, the NAAQS are also different. Some pollutants have standards for both long-term and short-term averaging times. The short-term standards are designed to protect against acute, or short-term, health effects, while the long-term standards are established to protect against chronic health effects. Table 18 lists the NAAQS for six criteria pollutants. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 13 Maricopa County, AZ Table 18. National Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutant Carbon Monoxide Primary Standards Averaging Times 9 ppm None 1 1-hour None 8-hour 35 ppm 3 Secondary Standard 1 Lead 1.5 µg/m Quarterly Average Same as Primary Nitrogen Dioxide 0.053 ppm Annual (Arithmetic Mean) Same as Primary 3 PM10 PM2.5 Ozone Sulfur Oxides 1 2 50 µg/m Annual (Arithmetic. Mean) 150 µg /m3 24-hour1 15 µg/m3 Annual3 (Arithmetic Mean) 65 µg/m3 24-hour4 0.08 ppm 8-hour5 Same as Primary 0.12 ppm 1-hour6 Same as Primary 0.03 ppm Annual (Arithmetic Mean) ------- 0.14 ppm 24-hour1 ------- 1 ------Not to be exceeded more than once per year. 3-hour Same as Primary Same as Primary 0.5 ppm 2 To attain this standard, the three year average of the annual arithmetic mean PM10 concentration at each monitor within an area must not exceed 50 µg/m3. 3 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the annual arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentrations from single or multiple community-oriented monitors must not exceed 15 µg/m3. 4 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations at each population-oriented monitor within an area must not exceed 65 µg/m3. 5 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed 0.08 ppm. 6 (a) The standard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar year with maximum hourly average concentrations above 0.12 ppm is < 1, (b) The 1-hour standard is applicable to all areas notwithstanding the promulgation of 8-hour ozone standards under Sec. 50.10. On June 2, 2003, (68 FR 32802) EPA proposed several options for when the 1-hour standard would no longer apply to an area. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 14 Maricopa County, AZ 2004 NAAQS EXCEEDANCE AND VIOLATION SUMMARY The following is a summary of the number, types and dates of exceedances of the NAAQS for 2004 (Table 19). Table 19. 2004 NAAQS Exceedances Carbon Monoxide Ozone Nitrogen Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide Particulates No Exceedances of the 1-hr or 8hr NAAQS standard were logged. No Exceedances of 1-hr NAAQS were logged. See Table 8 for 8-hr summary. No Exceedances of NAAQS were logged. No Exceedances of NAAQS were logged. There were three days when at least one monitor exceeded the 24 hr. NAAQS Site BE Date 09/18/04 Value 289 µg/m3 DC 08/13/04 ~ 209 µg/m3 HI 08/13/04 ~493 µg/m3 HI 10/9/04 159 µg/m3 WF 08/13/04 ~ 251 µg/m3 Three sites exceeded the PM10 annual standard: Site Value DC 52 µg/m3 WF 61 µg/m3 ~ Indicates Exceptional Events 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 15 Maricopa County, AZ 2004 VIOLATIONS OF THE 24-HOUR PARTICULATE STANDARD The 24hr NAAQS for particulates is violated when the rate of expected occurrence of exceedances (samples greater than or equal to 150 µg/m3) is greater than one over three consecutive years (Table 20) (40 CFR Part 50.6 (a)). Table 20. Violations of the 24-hr PM10 Standard 2002 Site Buckeye Central Phoenix Central Phoenix (continuous) 2003 2004 Rate of 24-hr 24-hr 24-hr Expected Max. Max. Max. Expected Expected Expected (µg/m3) Exceedances (µg/m3) Exceedances (µg/m3) Exceedances Exceedances NA NA NA NA # 289 8.7 # 81 0 114 0 81 0 0 96 0 183 3.1 94 0 1 Chandler Durango Complex Dysart 128 0 240 6 150 0 2 232 12 195 6 ~ 209 0 3 NA NA 133 # 0 94 0 # Glendale 88 0 151 0 69 0 0 Greenwood 116 0 166 6 100 0 2 Higley 138 0 225 6 ~ 493 1 2.3 Mesa 102 0 176 6 49 0 2 North Phoenix 80 0 155 6 46 0 2 South Phoenix 137 0 164 6 132 0 2 South Scottsdale 64 0 172 6 77 0 2 West Chandler 80 0 206 14 70 0 4.6 West Forty Third 172 6 157 6 ~ 251 0 4 West Phoenix 122 0 158 6.4 100 0 2.1  Indicates violation of the standard. # Indicates <75% data available. ~ Indicates Exceptional Events 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 16 Maricopa County, AZ 2004 VIOLATIONS OF THE ANNUAL PARTICULATE STANDARD The Annual NAAQS for particulates is violated when the three-year average of the annual averages is greater than 50 µg/m3 (Table 21) (40 CFR Part 50.6 (b)). Table 21. Violations of the Annual PM10 Standard 2002 Annual Avg. (µg/m3) Not Operating 43 2003 Annual Avg. (µg/m3) Not Operating 40 2004 Annual Avg. (µg/m3) #51 32 Three-Year Average (µg/m3) # 38 42 43 37 41 Chandler 56 50 40 49 Durango Complex 70 62 ~ 52 61 Not Operating # 27 27 Glendale 40 36 26 34 Greenwood 55 51 44 50 Higley 62 62 ~ 48 57 Mesa 36 34 23 31 North Phoenix 37 34 25 32 South Phoenix 60 52 46 53 South Scottsdale 37 36 26 33 West Chandler 39 42 30 37 West Forty Third 68 62 ~ 61 64 West Phoenix 53 46 37 45 Site Buckeye Central Phoenix Central Phoenix (continuous) Dysart  Indicates violation of the standard. # Indicates <75% data available. ~ Indicates Exceptional Events 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 17 Maricopa County, AZ VIOLATIONS OF THE 8-HR OZONE STANDARD 2004 SUMMARY The 8-hour average NAAQS for ozone is violated when the three-year average of the fourth high is greater than 0.08 ppm. Because of mathematical rounding the value is actually 0.085 PPM or greater (Table 22) (40 CFR Part 50.10 (a)). Table 22. Violations of the 8-hr Ozone Standard Site 2002 4 th th th 3 Yr. Avg. of 4th High (PPM) 0.082 Blue Point High (PPM) 2003 4 High (PPM) 2004 4 High (PPM) 0.086 0.086 0.075 Cave Creek 0.086 0.083 0.076 0.081 Central Phoenix 0.076 0.079 0.074 0.076 Falcon Field 0.084 0.079 0.070 0.077 Fountain Hills 0.086 0.083 0.075 0.081 Glendale 0.083 0.085 0.076 0.081 Humboldt Mt. 0.090 0.087 0.078 0.085 North Phoenix 0.084 0.083 0.080 0.082 Pinnacle Peak 0.084 0.083 0.068 0.078 Rio Verde 0.081 0.076 0.074 0.077 South Phoenix 0.081 0.076 0.072 0.076 South Scottsdale 0.079 0.079 0.073 0.077 Tempe 0.080 0.080 0.072 0.077 West Chandler 0.083 0.078 0.070 0.077 West Phoenix 0.084  Indicates violation of the standard. 0.077 0.072 0.077 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 18 Maricopa County, AZ MONITORING SITES http://www.maricopa.gov/sbeap/AIR_MONI.HTM Site Abbreviation BP BE CC CP CH DC DY FF FH GL GR HI HM ME NP PP RV SP SS TE WC WF WI WP 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review Site Name Blue Point Buckeye Cave Creek Central Phoenix Chandler Durango Complex Dysart Falcon Field Fountain Hills Glendale Greenwood Higley Site Humboldt Mountain Mesa North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe Site West Chandler West Forty Third W. Indian School West Phoenix 19 Maricopa County, AZ Table 23. Site Location Site Latitude Longitude Site Location BP BE CC CH CP DC DY FF FH GL GR HI HM ME NP PP RV SP SS TE WC WF WI WP 33° 33' 09.263" 33.36980 33° 49.32' 33° 17' 09.630" 33° 27' 29.130" 33° 25' 60" 33.6370 33° 27' 09.371" 33° 36' 39.545" 33° 34' 09.487" 33° 27' 38.872" 33° 18.47' 33° 58' 53.255" 33° 24' 37.798" 33° 33' 37.055" 33° 42' 43.440" 33° 43' 06.418" 33° 24' 12.410" 33° 28' 46.049" 33° 24.67' 33° 17.93' 33° 24.37' 33° 29' 40.950" 33° 29' 01.280" -111° 36' 25.465" -112.62014 -112° 1.02' -111° 49' 03.691" -112° 02' 28.809" -112° 07' 12" -112.3394 -111°43' 58.462" -111° 40' 16.368" -112° 11' 26.855" -112° 07' 00.526" -111° 43.33' -111° 47' 50.478" -111° 51' 51.518" -112° 03' 55.797" -111° 51' 05.644" -111° 40' 16.142" -112° 04' 23.196" -111° 54' 59.250" -111°56.10' -111° 53.04' -112° 88.66' -112° 07' 48.825" -112° 08' 31.463" Usery Pass & Bush Highway 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review AIRS ID MC85 & HWY 85 32nd St. & Carefree Highway Pecos & McQueen 19th St & Roosevelt 27th Ave. & Durango St. Bell Rd. & Dysart Rd. McKellips & Greenfield Palisades & Fountain Hills Blvd. 59th Ave & W. Olive 27th Ave. & Interstate 10 Higley Rd. & Chandler Blvd Top of Humboldt Mountain Broadway Rd. & Alma School Rd. 7th Street & Dunlap Avenue Pima Rd & Pinnacle Peak Forest Rd & Del Ray Ave. Central Ave. & Broadway Scottsdale Rd. & Thomas Rd. College Ave. & Apache Blvd. Ellis St. & Frye Rd. 43rd Ave. & Broadway Rd. 33rd Ave. & Indian School Rd. 39th Ave. & Earll Dr. 20 04-013-9702 04-013-4001 04-013-4008 04-013-0021 04-013-3002 04-013-9812 04-013-4010 04-013-1010 04-013-9704 04-013-2001 04-013-3010 04-013-4006 04-013-9508 04-013-1003 04-013-1004 04-013-2005 04-013-9706 04-013-4003 04-013-3003 04-013-4005 04-013-4004 04-013-4009 04-013-0016 04-013-0019 Maricopa County, AZ Table 24. Site Instrument Setup AIR MONITORING NETWORK OPERATIONS Sites WS/WD BP BE CC CH CP DC DY FF FH GL GR HI HM ME NP PP RV SP SS TE WC WF WI WP Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s s s s s s s s s s s s O3 CO NOX 1 n 1 s* 1 s* 1 s* 1 s* 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 1 1 1 1 s* s* s* n s* 1 s* 1 s SO2 Press 1 1 n 1 1 1 1 1 s 1 1 s* 1 s 1 s 1 s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s s sp s sp s s 22 n = NAMS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s s s* s n sp * s* 1 s 17 s = SLAMS 1 s* 1 s* 1 1 1 1 1 1 s* s* 1 n sp * s* 1 n 1 n 13 1 s 5 sp =SPM 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 1 n DelRTEOM Temp Room Rain PM2.5 T Hum 1 1 1 s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 1 1 2 sp 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 12 1 5 x = inactive instruments 21 2 s 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 1 1 7 * = seasonal monitor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 1 s PM10 MultiGas 1 2 n 1 n 1 1 s 1 n 1 s 1 2 s 1 s 1 n 1 n 1 1 s 2 1 2 n 14 Total # of Active Sites = Maricopa County, AZ 1 4 24 AQS Code Logger Total 04-013-9702 04-013-4011 04-013-4008 04-013-0021 04-013-3002 04-013-9812 04-013-4010 04-013-1010 04-013-9704 04-013-2001 04-013-3010 04-013-4006 04-013-9508 04-013-1003 04-013-1004 04-013-2005 04-013-9706 04-013-4003 04-013-3003 04-013-4005 04-013-4004 04-013-4009 04-013-0016 04-013-0019 Total # of Active Instruments = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24 5 11 6 5 12 6 8 4 7 7 8 6 3 9 9 4 2 8 11 8 9 8 4 12 172 Maricopa County Blue Point Air Monitoring Site Blue Point (BP) (04-013-9702) Location: Bush Highway and Usery Pass Rd., Maricopa County Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High downwind maximum concentrations, category (a) Site Description: The Blue Point site became operational in July 1995 and is located in a Maricopa County Sheriff’s Sub-Station in Tonto National Forest. This site represents the maximum ozone concentration, and urban-scale downwind transport conditions. This site is located approximately 40 miles east of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Ozone is the only criteria pollutant monitored at this NAMS station. Wind speed and direction are also monitored at the site. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 PPM Three year average of 4th High 2002 0.110 0 0.091 5 0.084 2003 0.122 0 0.103 4 0.084 2004 0.110 0 0.081 0 0.082 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2004 Network Review 22 REVIEW DRAFT: MARCH 2005 Maricopa County Buckeye Air Monitoring Site Buckeye (BE) (04-013-4011) Location: US 85 & MC 85, Buckeye Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure with High Concentration Site Description: The Buckeye site was established on August 1, 2004. This site is a SLAMS location for carbon monoxide, ozone, PM10, and NO2 criteria pollutants. The site is located in the Maricopa County Department of Transportation Southwest Facility. The site is in an area of agriculture and encroaching residential development. The PM10 monitor was changed from one- and six-day to hourly as of October 1, 2004. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) 2002 Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating 2003 Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating 2004 0.5 0 0.088 0 0.068 0 # ~ 289 * 1 ~# 51 # *Indicates an exceedance of the standard. # Indicates <75% data recovery. ~ Indicates Exceptional Events 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 23 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Cave Creek Air Monitoring Site Cave Creek (CC) (04-013-4008) Location: 32nd St. & Carefree Highway, Cave Creek Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: Downwind Maximum Concentrations Site Description: The Cave Creek site became operational in August 2001 and is located in the Maricopa County Cave Creek Recreation Area (Park Office). This site was chosen through discussions on modifying the ozone network for the new 8-hr ozone standard (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). Ozone is the only criteria pollutant monitored at this SLAMS station. Wind speed and direction are also monitored at the site. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 2002 0.102 0 0.090 4 NA 24 2003 0.102 0 0.088 2 0.084 2004 0.092 0 0.079 0 0.081 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Central Phoenix Air Monitoring Site Central Phoenix (CP) (04-013-3002) Location: 19th St. and Roosevelt Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure category (b) Site Description: The Central Phoenix site has been in existence for over three decades and has provided a longterm historical database with a high rate of data recovery. The site is representative of high population exposure (greater than 5000 people per square mile) in the central Phoenix area. This site is a NAMS location for carbon monoxide, ozone, PM10, SO2 and NO2 criteria pollutants. 2002 4.4 0 0.123 0 0.088 1 0.075 81 0 43 NA NA NA 0.029 0.012 0 0.003 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. Continuous (µg/m3) Number exceedances Continuous 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. Continuous (µg/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) Max. 24-hr SO2 Avg. (PPM) Number of Exceedances Annual SO2 Avg. (PPM) 2003 4.6 0 0.102 0 0.084 0 0.076 114 0 40 183 * 3 43 0.029 0.007 0 0.003 2004 3.4 0 .100 0 .078 0 .076 81 0 32 94 0 37 0.025 .008 0 .003 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 25 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Chandler Air Monitoring Site Chandler (CH) (04-013-0021) Location: Pecos Rd. and McQueen Rd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure, category (b) Site Description: The Chandler site is located on the property of the City of Chandler’s Wastewater Treatment Plant (CWTP). The area immediately surrounding the CWTP was a low population density area; however, it is experiencing rapid residential growth. The site is a NAMS (category b) location for PM10. Future air quality data from this location may be threatened since the CWTP has given notice of proposed expansion plans where the platform presently stands. Additionally, the site has become a storage location for street signs, water valves, and other municipal equipment. The site often measures a higher than expected particulate value, which has become more indicative of yard activity than reliable ambient air quality data. The present Higley site is being considered as a replacement. Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2002 128 0 56 * 2003 240 * 1 50 2004 150 0 40 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 26 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Durango Complex Air Monitoring Site Durango Complex (DC) (04-013-9812) Location: 27th Ave and Durango St. Spatial Scale: Middle Monitoring Objective: Maximum Concentration Site Description: This site is located one mile northwest from the former Salt River site in the Maricopa County Flood Control District storage yard. Sampling began on January 6,1999 with the intent to replace the Salt River site. However, in 2000 the USEPA determined that the site is not equivalent to the Salt River site. Particulates (SLAMS PM10) and wind speed and direction are monitored at the site. This site is part of the Salt River Monitoring Study (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). 3 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2002 232 * 2 70 * 2003 195 * 1 62 * 2004 ~ 209 * 0 ~ 52 * *Indicates an exceedance of the standard. ~ Indicates Exceptional Events 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 27 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Dysart Air Monitoring Site Dysart (DY) (04-013-4010) Location: Bell Rd. & Dysart Rd., Surprise Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The Dysart site was established in July 2003. It is located at the Maricopa County Facility Maintenance Yard at the corner of Bell Rd. and Dysart Rd. The site is in a growing population area in the northwest valley. The land use around the site consists of subdivisions of single family homes, commercial, and industrial. The site is approx. one mile west of the Agua Fria riverbed. The site will take over for the shutdown Surprise site (04-013-4007) 2.3 miles to the north northwest. Seasonal carbon monoxide, seasonal ozone, (SLAMS) and PM10 (SLAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2002 Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating 2003 1.2 0 0.090 0 0.082 0 # 133 0 # 2004 1.1 0 0.081 0 0.074 0 # 94 0 27 # Indicates <75% data recovery rate. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 28 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Falcon Field Air Monitoring Site Falcon Field (FF) (04-013-1010) Location: Greenfield and McKellips Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations Site Description: Ozone is the seasonal SLAMS criteria pollutant monitored at this station. Monitoring began in June of 1989. It is located near an airfield in a fire station within a growing residential area. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 2002 0.113 0 0.093 3 0.080 29 2003 0.111 0 0.099 1 0.081 2004 0.093 0 0.077 0 0.077 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Fountain Hills Air Monitoring Site Fountain Hills (FH) (04-013-9704) Location: Fountain Hills Blvd. and Palisades Blvd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations, category (b) Site Description: The site is located at a Fountain Hills fire station. This site became operational in April of 1996. The site monitors ozone (NAMS category b) and wind speed and direction. This site is located approximately 15 miles downwind from the Phoenix metropolitan area. This site represents the high downwind concentrations on the fringes of the central basin district along the predominant summer/fall daytime wind direction. 2002 0.114 0 0.092 5 0.085 * Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High 2003 0.117 0 0.099 1 0.084 2004 0.098 0 0.077 0 0.081 * Indicates a violation of the standard. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 30 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Glendale Air Monitoring Site Glendale (GL) (04-013-2001) Location: 59th Ave. and Olive Ave. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The Glendale site was established over two decades ago and is located on the grounds of Glendale Community College in a growing residential area. Homes, various strip malls, food establishments, and parks surround the site. Seasonal carbon monoxide, Seasonal Ozone, (SLAMS) and PM10 (NAMS category b) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. 2002 3.2 0 0.101 0 0.094 2 0.080 88 0 40 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 31 2003 2.4 0 0.107 0 0.092 4 0.082 151 0 36 2004 2.4 0 0.100 0 0.082 0 0.081 69 0 26 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Greenwood Air Monitoring Site Greenwood (GR) (04-013-3010) Location: 27th Ave. and I-10, Phoenix Spatial Scale: Middle Scale Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: Monitoring began at this site in December 1993. The station is bordered on the north by Interstate 10, on the west and south by neighborhood homes, and to the east by Greenwood Cemetery. Interstate 17 is approximately one mile to the east of the site. Carbon monoxide, NO2, and PM10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS facility. 2002 5.4 0 116 0 55 * 0.035 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) 2003 5.4 0 166 * 1 51 * 0.034 2004 4.9 0 100 0 44 0.031 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 32 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Higley Air Monitoring Site Higley (HI) (04-013-4006) Location: Higley Rd. and Chandler Blvd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure with High Concentration Site Description: Originally, in 1994 ADEQ set up this site to monitor for background particulate concentrations near the urban limits of Maricopa County. Since then, urban expansion has enveloped the site, so it no longer serves its original intended purpose. MCAQD installed a (1-6 day) PM10 (SLAMS) in the second quarter of 2000. The data from this site was compared to the Chandler site and was found to be comparable. If the City of Chandler requests MCAQD to remove the Chandler site, it is our intention for the Higley site to replace the Chandler site). As of October 2004 the 1-6 day PM10 monitor was replaced with an hourly continuous PM10 monitor in accordance with 40 CFR 50, Appendix K. 2002 138 0 63 * 3 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2003 225 * 1 62 * 2004 ~ 493 * 1 ~ 55 * * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. # Indicates <75% data recovery rate. ~ Indicates Exceptional Events 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 33 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Humboldt Mountain Air Monitoring Site Humboldt Mountain (HM) (04-013-9508) Location: Humboldt Mountain Summit Spatial Scale: Regional Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations Site Description: This site became operational in May 1996. The Humboldt Mountain site is located on Federal Aviation Agency property, in a National Forest Service building, in the Tonto National Forest. This site is located approximately 40 miles north-northeast of the Phoenix metropolitan area at an elevation of 5230 feet. Ozone is the only criteria pollutant that is monitored at this seasonal SLAMS site. 2002 0.124 0 0.102 8 0.085 * Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High 2003 0.104 0 0.089 5 0.087 * 2004 0.089 0 0.081 0 0.085 * * Indicates a violation of the standard. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 34 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Mesa Air Monitoring Site Mesa (ME) (04-013-1003) Location: Broadway Rd. and Brooks Ave. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: This site is located at Brooks Reservoir at the western edge of the city near the Tempe border. It is centered in an area that is residential, industrial, and a small amount of agricultural. An open field borders the site on the west with commercial development to the north, and light industry east and south of the site. Carbon monoxide, ozone, and PM10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS site. MCAQD will operate a PM2.5 FRM monitor as of May 2005. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2002 3.5 0 0.097 0 .082 0 0.073 102 0 36 2003 2.5 0 Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating NA 176 * 1 34 2004 1.7 0 Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating NA 49 0 23 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 35 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County North Phoenix Air Monitoring Site North Phoenix (NP) (04-013-1004) Location: 7th St. and Butler Ave. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: This site is located in the Sunnyslope area of North Phoenix. Sunnyslope is an old established neighborhood, primarily residential. High-density population surrounds the site. CO, ozone, and PM10 (SLAMS) are monitored at this site, along with temperature inversion. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2002 3.3 0 0.111 0 0.093 5 0.085 * 80 0 37 2003 2.3 0 0.113 0 0.093 4 0.085 155 * 1 34 2004 2.2 0 0.110 0 0.087 1 0.082 46 0 25 * Indicates a violation of the standard. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 36 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Pinnacle Peak Air Monitoring Site Pinnacle Peak (PP) (04-013-2005) Location: Pima Rd & Pinnacle Peak Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations Site Description: This SLAMS site for ozone is located at a golf course country club and is surrounded by residential homes. It is located in a geographic area of low-density population (less than 2500 people per square mile). In previous years, ozone exceedances have been recorded due to transport of ozone and precursors from more urbanized areas of metropolitan Phoenix. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High 2002 0.115 0 0.089 3 0.085 * 2003 0.103 0 0.093 3 .084 2004 0.084 0 0.071 0 0.078 * Indicates Violation of standard 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 37 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Rio Verde Air Monitoring Site Rio Verde (RV) (04-013-9706) Location: Forest Rd. and Del Ray Ave. Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations Site description: This seasonal ozone site became operational in spring of 1997. The monitor is located at the fire station / County Sheriff’s office sub-station located in a residential area surrounded by the desert of Tonto National Forest. The site is eight miles north of the Fountain Hills NAMS station, on the edge of a Class I Wilderness Area. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 2002 0.101 0 0.089 4 0.084 38 2003 0.113 0 0.096 2 .083 2004 0.107 0 0.083 0 0.077 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County South Phoenix Air Monitoring Site South Phoenix (SP) (04-013-4003) Location: Central Ave. and Broadway Rd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The site was opened at its current location October 1999. The site is at the edge of a high population area, but also borders on a mixture of residential and commercial (retail stores, food establishments, and office parks) land use. The station has two high population areas (> 5000 people per square miles) north and west of the site. Carbon monoxide, ozone, and PM10 (SLAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. MCAQD will operate a PM2.5 FRM monitor as of May 2005. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2002 3.8 0 0.104 0 0.090 2 0.080 137 0 60 * 2003 3.6 0 0.095 0 0.083 0 0.077 164 * 1 52 * 2004 3.5 0 0.089 0 0.079 0 0.076 132 0 46 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 39 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County South Scottsdale Air Monitoring Site South Scottsdale (SS) (04-013-3003) Location: Thomas Rd. and Miller Rd. Spatial Scale: Urban Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure, category (b) Site Description: The South Scottsdale site is located at the City of Scottsdale Fire Station. The area surrounding the site is residential with a density of 2500 to 5000 persons per square mile. This site is located 12 miles east of metropolitan Central Phoenix. Carbon monoxide, (SLAMS) ozone, NO2, SO2, and PM10 (all NAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) Max. 24-hr SO2 Avg. (PPM) Number of Exceedances Annual SO2 Avg. (PPM) * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. # Indicates <75% data recovery. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 2002 3.0 0 0.102 0 0.087 1 0.078 64 0 37 0.024 0.004 0 0.002 40 2003 2.3 0 0.107 0 0.097 3 0.078 172 * 0 36 # 0.005 0 0.002 2004 2.4 0 0.091 0 0.081 0 0.077 77 0 26 0.019 0.006 0 0.002 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County Tempe Air Monitoring Site Tempe (TE) (04-013-4005) Location: Apache Blvd. & College Ave. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Scale Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The site was established in 2000. The site was established to fill in a spatial gap between the metropolitan Phoenix area and the city of Mesa. Ozone (SPM), carbon monoxide (SPM) are monitored at the site. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High 2002 3.4 0 0.100 0 0.086 2 0.079 2003 2.9 0 0.109 0 0.086 1 0.079 2004 1.9 0 0.095 0 0.078 0 0.077 # Indicates <75% data recovery. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 41 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County West Chandler Air Monitoring Site West Chandler (WC) (04-013-4004) Location: Frye Rd. and Ellis St. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Scale Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: This site was first established in January 1995. The site was moved ½ mile to the southeast in May 2000. A wide range of land uses surrounds the site, including residential, agriculture, and heavy industry (semiconductor manufacturing plants and liquid air storage). Carbon monoxide, ozone, and PM10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS site. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2002 2.2 0 0.110 0 0.094 2 NA 80 0 39 2003 2.6 0 0.101 0 0.082 0 0.079 * 206 2 42 2004 2.1 0 0.080 0 0.073 0 0.077 70 0 30 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 42 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County West Forty Third Air Monitoring Site West Forty Third (WF) (04-013-4009) Location: 43rd Ave. & Broadway Rd. Spatial Scale: Middle Scale Monitoring Objective: Maximum Concentration Site Description: Monitoring began at the site in the 2nd quarter of 2002. This site is located at a Maricopa County Department of Transportation storage lot. The site is surrounded by a combination of heavy industry and residential homes. The site has one 6-day SS HI-VOL particulate monitor. The main purpose of the monitor is to measure maximum concentration PM10 and to determine the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories. The sources around the site include sand and gravel operations, auto and metal recycling, landfills, paved and unpaved haul roads, and cement casting (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS section). Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2002 # 172 1 # 68 2003 157* 1 62 * 2004 ~ 251 * 1 ~ 61 * * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. # Indicates <75% data available. ~ Indicates Exceptional Events 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 43 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County West Indian School Road Air Monitoring Site West Indian School Rd. (WI) (04-013-0016) Location: 33rd Ave. and Indian School Rd. Spatial Scale: Micro-scale Monitoring Objective: Maximum Pollutant Concentration and Impact of Significant Sources, category (a) Site Description: The site is located at the City of Phoenix Wellness Evaluation Center. This site is used to monitor micro-scale maximum concentrations and is based on high vehicular traffic. The Average Weekday Traffic (AWT) volume past this location on Indian School Road is estimated to be approximately 55,000 vehicles/day. The site is also in close proximity to Grand Ave. and 35th Ave., which have AWT volumes of about 35,000 vehicles/day. Carbon monoxide is monitored at this NAMS site. 2002 5.5 0 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 44 2003 5.4 0 2004 4.7 0 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County West Phoenix Air Monitoring Site West Phoenix (WP) (04-013-0019) Location: 39th Ave. and Earll Dr. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: This site became operational in 1984. It is located about one-mile southwest of the West Indian School Road micro-scale CO monitor. The spatial scale for the West Phoenix site is neighborhood. It is located in an area of stable, high population density. Carbon monoxide (NAMS), PM10 (NAMS), ozone (SLAMS), and NO2 (SLAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this site. MCAQD has been operating collocated PM2.5 FRM monitors. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) 2002 5.5 0 0.123 0 0.102 2 0.080 122 0 53 * 2003 6.2 0 0.099 0 0.081 0 0.078 158 * 1 46 # 2004 5.2 0 0.097 0 0.08 0 0.077 100 0 37 0.024 * Indicates an exceedance of the standard. # Indicates <75% data available. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 45 Maricopa County, AZ ADDITIONAL COMMENTS EPA Ozone Mapping The AIRNOW website (http://www.epa.gov/airnow) provides real-time air pollution (ozone) maps for major metropolitan areas around the United States, including the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. MCAQD has participated in the program since 2001. MCAQD, in cooperation with ADEQ and the Pinal County Air Pollution Control District, has expanded the area that the maps cover. This area now includes sites as far east as Queen Valley, as far south as Casa Grande, and as far west as Palo Verde. This website can be used as a tool for which the public can plan their daily activities and limit their exposure to air pollution. Eight-hour average peak ozone concentration maps (Map 1) and real-time eight-hour ozone animation maps are provided. Colors on the map indicate different concentrations of ozone pollution. The one-hour average values are given in parts per billion. The eight-hour averages are converted into Air Quality Index (AQI) numbers. The AQI is based on the NAAQS. The index was developed to convert Map 1 pollution measurements into a common index that the general public can more easily understand. Different colors on the map correspond to different categories of air quality and health impacts (Table 23). Table 25. Air Quality Index Index 0 – 50 51 – 100 Color Air Quality Designation Green Good Yellow Moderate 101 – 150 Orange 151 – 200 Red Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy 201 – 300 Purple 301 – 500 Maroon Very Unhealthy Hazardous Health Impact No harmful effects expected. Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion. Active children & adults, people with respiratory disease (i.e., asthma) should limit prolonged outdoor exertion. Everyone should observe caution. Avoid prolonged outdoor exertion. Avoid all outdoor exertion. Use extreme caution outdoors Everyone should avoid all outdoor exertion. The animated map is updated every hour from 8am to 8pm seven days a week. Updates to the site will be made during the ozone season (April through October). Archived maps of the 2000-2004 ozone seasons are available. MCAQD plans to continue with the project for the 2005 ozone season. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 46 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County’s Interactive Pollution Map In keeping with our mission statement of “Ensuring a Safe and Healthy Environment” MCAQD has brought real-time pollution data to the Internet. All of the MCAQD continuous data will be available to the public through an interactive map. The air pollutants that are available include CO, Ozone, NO2, SO2, and Particulates. All of the values are currently one-hour averages. The information is updated on an hourly basis at half past the hour. Data can be accessed at the web address: http://www.maricopa.gov/aq/airday/ozair_map.asp One of the major problems in providing “real-time” pollution data to a public medium is providing quality data. The data available on the Internet goes through an automated quality assurance check program before it is released; however, some invalid data can slip through. Normal quality assurance checks take between 1-3 months. Consequently, information provided at this site should be used for informational purposes only and should not be relied on for comparison with NAAQS. Converting to Continuous Particulate Monitoring As of October 1, 2004, in accordance with 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix K, MCAQD has converted four of its oneand six-day particulate monitors to continuous. These monitors are at the following sites: Buckeye (04-0134011), Durango (04-013-9812), Higley (04-013-4006), and West 43rd (04-013-4009). Since the Air Quality System (AQS) database will not allow the existing monitors to be change from one and six-day to hourly (at least not until the beginning of the year), MCAQD had to manually insert the 24-hr daily averages for the fourth quarter of 2004 into the database. PM2.5 Currently, MCAQD operates collocated compliance PM2.5 monitors at the West Phoenix site (04-013-0019) and an additional PM2.5 monitor at the South Phoenix site (as of January 1, 2005). The ADEQ continues to weigh the filters for all of the monitors. Until MCAQD can completely take over the operation and maintenance of the monitor, ADEQ will report the West Phoenix data to the EPA. MCAQD will operate, maintain, and report the monitor at the South Phoenix site. A third monitor will be deployed in mid-2005. Possible sites include Central Phoenix, Mesa, or in the west valley. New Sites MCAQD has redeployed the Maryvale site to the town of Buckeye (04-013-4011) in 2004. An NO2 monitor will also be installed at the site to monitor the impacts of the new power plants in the area. Possible new site location include near Estrella Mountain Community College, along Interstate 17, and along US60. 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 47 Maricopa County, AZ POLLUTION TRENDS The following charts depict the most recent three-year trends (2002–2004) for each criteria pollutant. Carbon Monoxide PPM Maricopa County 2002-2004 8-hr Avg. Carbon Monoxide Maximum Values. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2002 2003 2004 Standard < 9.0 BE CP DY GL GR ME NP SP SS TE WC WI WP (Chart -1) Ozone Maricopa County 2002-2004 1-hr Avg. Ozone Maximum Values. 0.140 0.120 0.100 PPM 2002 0.080 2003 0.060 2004 0.040 0.020 0.000 BP BE CC CP DY FF FH GL HM NP PP RV SP SS TE WC WP (Chart –2) 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 48 Maricopa County, AZ PPM Maricopa County 2002-2004 Ozone 4th high 8-hr Avg. 0.100 0.090 0.080 0.070 0.060 0.050 0.040 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.000 2002 2003 2004 Standard <0.085 BP BE CC CP DY FF FH GL HM NP PP RV SP SS TE WC WP (Chart –3) Particulates Maricopa County 2002-2004 PM-10 24-hr Avg. Maximum Values 600 500 ug/m3 400 2002 2003 300 2004 Standard <155 200 100 0 BE CP CH DC DY GL GR HI ME NP SP SS WC WF WP (Chart –4) 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 49 Maricopa County, AZ Maricopa County 2002-2004 PM-10 Annual Avg. 80 70 ug/m3 60 2002 50 2003 40 2004 Standard < 50 30 20 10 0 BE CP CH DC DY GL GR HI ME NP SP SS WC WF WP (Chart –5) Nitrogen Dioxide Maricopa County 2002-2004 Nitrogen Dioxide Annual Average Readings 0.06 0.05 PPM 0.04 2002 2003 0.03 2004 Standard 0.053 0.02 0.01 0 BE CP 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review GR (Chart –6) 50 SS WP Maricopa County, AZ Sulfur Dioxide Maricopa County 2002 - 2004 Sulfur Dioxide Annual Avg. 0.035 0.03 PPM 0.025 2002 2003 2004 Standard 0.03 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 CP SS (Chart –7) 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 51 Maricopa County, AZ Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym or Abbreviation ADEQ Definition Arizona Department of Environmental Quality ADOT CFR Class I CO Delta T EPA HAPs km m MCAQD µg/m3 NAAQS NAMS NO2 NOx O3 Pb PM PM2.5 PM10 PPB PPM SIP SLAMS SO2 SPM TEOM TSP USFS VOC Arizona Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations Federally designated park or wilderness area with mandated visibility protection Carbon monoxide Difference between two levels of temperature measurements U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Hazardous air pollutants kilometer(s) meter(s) Maricopa County Air Quality Department Microgram per cubic meter National Ambient Air Quality Standards National Air Monitoring Station Nitrogen dioxide Sum of NO and NO2 Ozone Lead Particulate matter Particulate matter < 2.5 microns Particulate matter < 10 microns Parts per billion Parts per million State Implementation Plan State and Local Air Monitoring Station Sulfur dioxide Special purpose monitor Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance Total suspended particulate U.S. Forest Service Volatile organic compounds 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 52 Maricopa County, AZ REFERENCES 1. Phase 1 Recommendations for Maricopa County Air Quality Monitoring Network, Final Report, AV-R93/6008, Aero-Vironment, Inc., Monrovia, CA, March 1993 2. Phase II Recommendations for Maricopa County Air Quality Monitoring Network, AV-R-93/6025, AeroVironment, Inc., Monrovia, CA, March 1993 3. Air Quality Modeling of Carbon Monoxide Concentrations in Support of the Federal Implementation Plan for Phoenix, AZ, SYSAPP-93/039, Systems Application International, San Rafael, CA, April 30, 1993. 4. Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 40, Part 58, Appendix D, 1997. 5. Maricopa Association of Governments, Transportation Planning Office, Average Weekday Traffic Analysis for 1998 (Map dated August 1999). 6. Maricopa Association of Governments, Total Resident Population Density, 1994, by Traffic Analysis Zone (Map dated 1998). 7. http://www.adeq.state.az.us/environ/air/plan/index.html 8. http://www.epa.gov/rgytgrnj/programs/artd/air/quality/quality.htm 9. http://www.maricopa.gov/sbeap/airday.htm 10. http://www.maricopa.gov/sbeap/AIR_MONI.HTM 11. http://www.epa.gov/empact 12. http://www.epa.gov/oar/aqtrnd00/sixpoll.html 13. MCAQD 2001 Network Review (http://www.maricopa.gov/envsvc/AIR/AIRDAY/review1a.pdf) 14. SLAMS / NAMS / PAMS Network Review Guidance--EPA-454/R-98-003 15. Guideline on data handling conventions of the PM NAAQS 2004 Air Monitoring Network Review 53 Maricopa County, AZ