Maricopa County Environmental Services Department Air Quality Division 2003 Network Review Acknowledgments The Maricopa County Air Monitoring Unit maintains several ambient air monitoring networks within the borders of Maricopa County. There have been several changes to the networks, including new sites, new monitors, and dealing with equipment problems. The Air Monitoring Unit continues to be under the direct supervision of Warren Kosters. One new technician was hired this year (Hugh Tom). We would like to thank the other agencies that provided data and helpful comments. These include Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ), Pinal County Air Quality Control District (PCAQCD), and Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG). We would especially like to thank all of the air monitoring staff for the excellent job they did in maintaining our air-monitoring network. They are Larry Seals, Tom Shorb, Gary Ensminger, Bill Searle, Dale Foster, Ben Davis, Hugh Tom, Del Hawkins, Robert Dyer, and Marilyn McGilberry Warren Kosters Air Quality Program Coordinator Air Quality Division 2 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .........................................................................................................................................................................2 ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................................................................................................5 NETWORK DESIGN ................................................................................................................................................................................5 SPECIAL PROJECTS AND NETWORK CHANGES ....................................................................................................................6 DATA SUMMARIES .................................................................................................................................................................................7 CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS ...........................................................................................................................................................7 CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) ................................................................................................................................................................9 OZONE (O3 ) ............................................................................................................................................................................................10 PARTICULATE MATTER (PM-10) ..................................................................................................................................................12 PARTICULATE M ATTER (PM-2.5) ........................................................................................................................................................13 NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2 )..............................................................................................................................................................13 SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2 ) ....................................................................................................................................................................14 LEAD / TSP .............................................................................................................................................................................................14 REQUIRED INFORMATION............................................................................................................................................................. 15 CONCENTRATION RANGES ...........................................................................................................................................................15 DATA COMPLETENESS....................................................................................................................................................................17 COMPLIANCE - NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS) ...........................................................17 2003 NAAQS EXCEEDANCE AND VIOLATION SUMMARY ................................................................................................19 MONITORING SITES INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................................ 23 SITE SPECIFICATIONS..............................................................................................................................................................................24 SITE INSTRUMENT SETUP .......................................................................................................................................................................25 BLUE POINT (BP) (04-013-9702)..........................................................................................................................................................26 CAVE CREEK (CC) (04-013-4008)........................................................................................................................................................27 CENTRAL PHOENIX (CP) (04-013-3002)..............................................................................................................................................28 CHANDLER (CH) (04-013-0021) ...........................................................................................................................................................29 DURANGO COMPLEX (DC) (04-013-9812) ..........................................................................................................................................30 DYSART (DY) (04-013-4010)................................................................................................................................................................31 FALCON FIELD (FF) (04-013-1010) ......................................................................................................................................................32 FOUNTAIN HILLS (FH) (04-013-9704) ................................................................................................................................................33 GLENDALE (GL) (04-013-2001) ...........................................................................................................................................................34 GREENWOOD (GR) (04-013-3010) .......................................................................................................................................................35 HIGLEY (HI) (04-013-4006) ..................................................................................................................................................................36 HUMBOLDT M OUNTAIN (HM) (04-013-9508) ....................................................................................................................................37 M ARYVALE (MA) (04-013-3006) .........................................................................................................................................................38 M ESA (ME) (04-013-1003)....................................................................................................................................................................39 NORTH PHOENIX (NP) (04-013-1004) .................................................................................................................................................40 PINNACLE PEAK (PP) (04-013-2005) ...................................................................................................................................................41 RIO VERDE (RV) (04-013-9706)...........................................................................................................................................................42 SOUTH PHOENIX (SP) (04-013-4003)...................................................................................................................................................43 SOUTH SCOTTSDALE (SS) (04-013-3003)............................................................................................................................................44 SURPRISE (SU) (04-013-4007) ..............................................................................................................................................................45 TEMPE (TE) (04-013-4005) ..................................................................................................................................................................46 W EST CHANDLER (WC) (04-013-4004) ..............................................................................................................................................47 W EST FORTY THIRD (WF) (04-013-4009)..........................................................................................................................................48 W EST INDIAN SCHOOL RD. (WI) (04-013-0016)................................................................................................................................49 W EST PHOENIX (WP) (04-013-0019)...................................................................................................................................................50 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 51 3 M ULTI-GAS CALIBRATORS AND NO2 M ONITORS................................................................................................................................51 EPA OZONE M APPING............................................................................................................................................................................51 M ARICOPA COUNTY’S INTERACTIVE POLLUTION MAP .....................................................................................................................52 SALT RIVER PM-10 STUDY....................................................................................................................................................................52 EVALUATION OF OZONE NETWORK FOR THE NEW EIGHT -HOUR STANDARD ...............................................................................53 POLLUTION TRENDS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 53 CARBON M ONOXIDE ...............................................................................................................................................................................54 OZONE.......................................................................................................................................................................................................54 PARTICULATES.........................................................................................................................................................................................55 SULFUR DIOXIDE .....................................................................................................................................................................................56 NITROGEN DIOXIDE ................................................................................................................................................................................57 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................................ 58 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 59 4 Abstract The 2003 Annual Air Monitoring Network Review is being submitted by the Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD), Air Quality Division to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region 9. The network review evaluates the adequacy of the ambient air-monitoring network with respect to the monitoring objectives and spatial scales. This is required by 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix F. The National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS) and State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) are evaluated for their location and adequacy. Network changes, special projects, and data summaries are also included in the review. Network Design The purpose of the ambient air monitoring network is to sample air pollution in a variety of settings, assess the health and welfare effects, and assist in determining sources of air pollution. In general, six basic monitoring objectives and five measuring scales are used to determine the network design (see Table -1, -2). Additional items such as availability of power, accessibility to site, security, geographic location, and fiscal and personnel resources are also used in determining feasibility of the network design. Site Monitoring Objectives (Table –1) 1. Determine highest concentrations expected to occur in the area covered by the network 2. Determine representative concentrations in areas of high population density 3. Determine the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories 4. Determine general background concentration levels 5. Determine the extent of regional pollutant transport from populated areas, with regards to the secondary standards (such as visibility impairment and effects on vegetation) 6. Determine the welfare-related impacts in more rural and remote areas When establishing a new monitoring site or reviewing existing sites, one must link monitoring objectives to the physical location of the site. This can be done by correctly matching the spatial scale, which represents the sample of air around the monitor where pollutant concentrations are reasonably uniform, with the most appropriate monitoring objective. Thus, spatial scale represents the physical dimensions of the air parcel around the monitor, and monitoring objective represents the overall purpose of the monitor (see Tables -1, -2). Combining the spatial scale with the monitoring objective gives the how and why air-monitoring sites are located in particular areas. Spatial Measurement Scale (Table –2) Name Define parameter (radius) Micro Scale 0 to 100 meters Middle Scale 100 to 500 meters Neighborhood Scale 0.5 to 4 kilometers Urban Scale 4 to 50 kilometers Regional Scale 10 to 100s of kilometers 5 Since it is physically and fiscally impossible to monitor the air in every location, representative samples must be obtained. These samples are determined by using the monitoring objectives and the spatial measurement scales. For example, there might be numerous locations where the highest concentration of carbon monoxide may occur. Using these principles, only one or two sites will be established to represent all of the high concentration areas. The same reasoning can be used for different types of pollutants. This does not mean that the number of monitoring sites is fixed. To the contrary, the network must be dynamic enough to maintain a current representative sample of the air quality. One of the fundamental purposes of this review is to provide the citizens of Maricopa County with relevant information, so that they may make better decisions about their lives. This information is used in a variety of different ways. Most importantly it is used to determine the attainment status for parts of Maricopa County. Another way is determining permit conditions of new industries. Mathematical models are created using the data to determine the effectiveness of control programs on pollution levels. Also, other models are created to determine the possible locations of new sites and help in pollution forecasts. MCESD also provides public access to the data by posting it on the Internet in several different forms (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). Special Projects and Network Changes Air quality issues such as eight-hour ozone non-attainment boundaries and permits for new sources are diverse and controversial subjects for the citizens of Maricopa County. Since no policies can be made without quality data, the MCESD Air Monitoring Unit strives to provide the most reliable and relevant air monitoring data to the public. The following is a list of projects and changes that have occurred during the year 2003. I. MCESD continues to run part of its carbon monoxide (CO) monitors and ozone (O3 ) monitors on a seasonal basis (Table -3). Having part of the network operating seasonally allows us to upgrade instruments, perform preventive maintenance, expand the life expectancy of the instruments, reduce replacement costs, and better utilize our QA and QC resources on the remaining instruments. Seasonal Monitors (Table –3) Seasonal Carbon Monoxide monitors (Sept. 1- Apr. 1) Seasonal Ozone monitors (Apr. 1 – Nov. 1) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Dysart Site Glendale Site Maryvale Site Mesa Site North Phoenix Site South Phoenix Site South Scottsdale Site Surprise Site Tempe Site West Chandler Site Cave Creek Site Dysart Site Falcon Field Site Glendale Site Humboldt Mountain Site Maryvale Site Mesa Site Rio Verde Site Surprise Site Tempe Site West Chandler Site 6 II. MCESD shut down the ozone monitor at the Mesa site (04-013-1003). This closure is a result of the evaluation of the ozone network by MCESD, ADEQ, and the EPA. The equipment will be used to better characterize underrepresented sections of the valley. The nearest active ozone monitor is at the Tempe site (04-013-4005) three miles to the west. Also the Maryvale site (04-013-3006) was determined to be a good candidate to move to a new site near Buckeye, AZ. The site will be shut down as of March 31, 2004 III. As of December 2003, MCESD has replaced all of the Dasibi multi-gas and ozone instruments. Obtaining and setting up the new multi-gas calibrators was problematic and resulted in the shutting down of the nitrogen dioxide monitors for several months (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS) IV. MCESD continues to participate in the Joint Air Toxic Assessment Project (JATAP) in conjunction with ADEQ and Phoenix area Urban Tribal Communities. We have been providing space at our existing sites (South Phoenix and West 43rd) for Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) monitoring. We have assisted in building an emission inventory and determining new monitoring sites. V. ADEQ in corporation with MCESD have developed a year round air quality forecasting capability for the Phoenix Metro Area. ADEQ will take the lead on the forecasting and issuing of High Pollution Advisories. MCESD will provide pollution data and will issue No Burn Days. VI. MCESD participated in the Salt River Monitoring Study. The study was conceived to provide sufficient data to correct the inadequacy of the PM-10 SIP (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). VII. MCESD is continuing its distribution of pollution data to the public by posting one-hour continuous data on the Internet. Additionally, MCESD participates in the EPA Ozone Mapping AIRNOW website (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). The corresponding websites are as follows. • • VIII. http://www.maricopa.gov/envsvc/air/ozair_map.asp http://www.epa.gov/airnow MCESD continues to evaluate the PM-10 network for possible additional sites for determining the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories. The significant sources would include industry and agriculture. Resource allocation, both financial and personnel, continue to remain an obstacle in establishing new monitoring sites Data Summaries CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS A few air pollutants, called “criteria air pollutants,” are common throughout the United States. These pollutants can cause health problems, pollute the environment, and cause property damage. The EPA calls these pollutants criteria air pollutants because they have regulated them by first developing health-based criteria as the basis for setting allowable levels. One set of limits, called primary standards, protects health, while the other, called secondary standards, protects property and the environment. The MCESD Air Monitoring Unit maintained twenty-six ambient air-monitoring sites throughout Maricopa County (Table -4). The dates that the sites were established range from 1961 (Central Phoenix) to 2003 (Dysart). Land use patterns around these sites vary from heavy populated urban areas to sparsely populated rural settings. Site elevation ranges from near the Salt River channel to the top of Humboldt Mountain. MCESD operates monitors for the following criteria pollutants: Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Particulates, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Sulfur Dioxide. Since the levels have been consistently below national levels, MCESD has been allowed to stop monitoring for lead. Table –5 lists what monitors are operated at what sites. 7 The following discussion focuses on Maricopa County’s Ambient Air Monitoring Network as it relates to the criteria pollutants and monitoring objectives of the National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS), State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS), and Special Purpose Monitors (SPM). Maricopa County Ambient Air Monitoring Sites for 2003 (Table -4) Sites Site Abbr. AQS Code Blue Point Cave Creek Chandler Central Phoenix Durango Complex Dysart Falcon Field Fountain Hills Glendale Greenwood Higley Humboldt Mountain Maryvale BP CC CH CP DC DY FF FH GL GR HI HM MA Sites 04-013-9702 04-013-4008 04-013-0021 04-013-3002 04-013-9812 04-013-4010 04-013-1010 04-013-9704 04-013-2001 04-013-3010 04-013-4006 04-013-9508 04-013-3006 Site Abbr. AQS Code Mesa North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde Salt River South Phoenix South Scottsdale Surprise Tempe West Chandler West 43rd Ave. W. Indian School Rd. West Phoenix ME NP PP RV SA SP SS SU TE WC WF WI WP 04-013-1003 04-013-1004 04-013-2005 04-013-9706 04-013-3007 04-013-4003 04-013-3003 04-013-4007 04-013-4005 04-013-4004 04-013-4009 04-013-0016 04-013-0019 Criteria Pollutants by Sites (Table -5) O3 BP (n) CC (sp) CP (n) DY (s) FF (s) FH (n) GL (s) HM (s) MA (s) ME (s) NP (s) PP (s) RV (s) SP (s) SS (n) SU (sp) TE (sp) WC (s) WP (s) CO CP (n) DY (s) GL (s) GR (s) TE (sp) MA (s) ME (s) NP (s) SP (s) SS (s) WC (s) WI (n) WP (n) SU (sp) PM-10 CH (n) CP (n) DC (s) DY (s) HI (sp) GL (n) GR (s) MA (s) ME (s) NP (s) SA (sp) SP (n) SS (n) SU (sp) WC (s) WF (s) WP (n) NO2 SO2 CP. (n) GR (s) SS (n) TE (sp) WP (s) CP (n) SS (n) (s) = SLAMS (n) = NAMS (sp) = Special Purpose Monitor Bold = changes to site Underline = changes to site are pending 8 CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) During 2003, fourteen CO monitors were reported as operational to the USEPA Air Quality System (AQS). Three of the monitors were classified as NAMS, nine as SLAMS, and two reported as a Special Purpose Monitor (SPM) (Table -5). For Calendar Year 2003, no exceedances of the CO 1-hour or 8-hour standards were recorded at any MCESD monitoring sites (see Table -6). 2003 1-HR AND 8-HR AVERAGE CARBON MONOXIDE SUMMARY (Table -6) C. Phoenix CO 1-HR AVG. MAX. (PPM) Date: Time 5.9 01/01: 00 CO 1-HR AVG. nd 2 High (PPM) Date: Time 5.4 01/01: 01 8474 CO 8–HR AVG. MAX (PPM) Date: Time 4.6 01/01: 05 CO 8–HR AVG. nd 2 High (PPM) Date: Time 3.8 12/19: 02 Number of Exceedances of 1/8-HR AVG. 0/0 Dysart 1.8 12/10: 07 1.6 11/26: 07 2623 1.2 11/10: 22 1.1 12/05: 21 0/0 Glendale 5.7 12/26: 11 3.5 01/27: 21 4800 2.4 12/21: 05 2.3 01/15: 01 0/0 Greenwood 6.8 01/01: 02 6.8 01/17: 08 8599 5.4 01/01: 05 5.1 01/04: 03 0/0 Maryvale 5.8 12/25: 00 5.7 12/18: 08 4503 4.2 12/05: 08 4.1 02/02: 02 0/0 Mesa 3.5 01/27: 22 3.4 01/19: 21 4683 2.5 01/28: 02 2.2 01/05: 02 0/0 N. Phoenix 4.0 01/17: 07 4.0 12/18: 08 4767 2.3 12/05: 11 2.1 01/15: 00 0/0 S. Phoenix South Scottsdale Surprise 5.8 12/18: 19 5.5 01/17: 20 4698 3.6 01/01: 05 3.3 01/04: 01 0/0 4.1 12/05: 08 4.0 12/03: 20 4754 2.3 12/03: 23 2.2 01/05: 02 0/0 3.6 03/20: 11 1.8 03/24: 08 2124 1.2 03/20: 13 0.8 01/15: 19 0/0 Tempe West Chandler W. Indian School W. Phoenix 3.8 01/07: 08 3.7 01/04: 23 4594 2.9 01/05: 02 2.4 02/02: 01 0/0 3.9 12/18: 22 3.3 12/06: 21 4799 2.6 01/01: 05 2.6 12/19: 01 0/0 6.8 01/23: 07 6.8 01/24: 07 8611 5.4 01/01: 05 5.3 01/04: 01 0/0 7.5 12/17: 07 7.3 12/18: 07 8424 6.2 01/01: 05 5.5 01/04: 02 0/0 Site Number of Samples CO is the most widely distributed and most commonly occurring air pollutant. Total emissions of CO to the atmosphere exceed all other pollutants combined, on a weight basis. Fortunately, CO does not persist in the atmosphere, but is quickly converted to Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ). CO can reach dangerous levels in localized areas or hotspots such as heavily traveled intersections or city streets. In addition, CO has been implicated in ozone formation. Most people are familiar with CO and are aware that automobiles produce this deadly odorless and colorless gas. In Maric opa County, more than 70% of the entire manmade CO comes from vehicle emissions. In fact, this gas is produced almost anytime something is burned. All substances that are living (plants, animals) or that were once living (wood, coal, oil, gasoline) are composed of carbon compounds. If these substances are burned in the presence of sufficient oxygen, the carbon is converted to CO2 gas. If, as is often the case, not enough oxygen is present, carbon monoxide gas is produced. Carbon monoxide’s danger lie s in the extremely strong affinity that hemoglobin has for it. Hemoglobin, the special oxygen-transporting material in the red blood cell, has approximately 200 times stronger affinity for CO than for oxygen. Therefore, if both CO and O2 are present the bonding between the CO and hemoglobin will prevent the O2 from exchanging with your body. This puts a heavy burden on people with heart disease and can 9 aggravate angina, but even healthy people can suffer from harmful side effects from CO. In 2003 Maricopa County achieved its seventh year of compliance with the eight-hour CO standard. OZONE (O 3 ) During 2003, eighteen ozone monitors were reported as operational in AQS. Four of the monitors were identified as NAMS, eleven were identified as SLAMS, and three were identified as a SPM (Table -5). For Calendar Year 2003, no exceedances of the ozone 1-hour average standard were recorded at Maricopa County monitoring sites (Table -7). 2003 ONE HOUR AVERAGE OZONE SUMMARY (Table -7) Blue Point Max. (PPM) Date: Time .122 07/22: 18 2nd High 3rd High (PPM) (PPM) Date: Time Date: Time .116 07/21: 15 .101 07/14: 15 4th High (PPM) Date: Time .100 06/30: 15 Number of Exceed. 0 Number of Samples 8518 Cave Creek .102 05/22: 15 .098 05/11: 17 .097 05/27: 17 .097 07/30: 14 0 4922 C. Phoenix .102 07/24: 14 .097 07/22: 15 .093 08/16: 15 .092 08/17: 16 0 8482 Dysart .090 08/16: 15 .089 08/14 :16 .087 08/17: 15 .085 07/22: 14 0 2284 Falcon Field .111 07/22: 17 .104 07/21: 15 .102 07/24: 16 .099 08/12: 15 0 5001 Fountain Hills .117 07/22: 17 .106 07/21: 15 .102 08/20: 17 .100 09/27: 16 0 8606 Glendale .107 08/16: 15 .098 08/17: 16 .096 07/22: 14 .094 05/11: 15 0 4990 Humboldt Mt. .104 05/22: 17 .099 05/27: 18 .099 07/30: 17 .097 05/11: 19 0 4864 Maryvale .099 07/22: 14 .098 08/17: 15 .095 08/16: 14 .093 05/11: 15 0 5065 N. Phoenix .113 08/16: 16 .105 07/22: 16 .099 09/04: 14 .098 07/16: 13 0 8531 Pinnacle Peak .103 07/22: 16 .098 05/27: 18 .097 05/11: 17 .097 07/21: 15 0 8371 Rio Verde .113 07/22: 18 .102 08/20: 18 .099 07/21: 15 .097 08/12: 15 0 4903 S. Phoenix .095 07/24: 14 .089 05/11: 15 .089 07/22: 15 .087 08/12: 13 0 8589 S. Scottsdale .107 07/22: 16 .099 07/19: 14 .099 07/24: 15 .099 08/16: 17 0 8474 Surprise .088 05/11: 16 .078 05/09: 19 .075 05/12: 17 .074 05/10: 17 0 2442 Tempe .109 08/12: 14 .099 05/31: 13 .098 07/24: 15 .096 07/22: 16 0 4992 W. Chandler .101 05/31: 14 .099 08/07: 14 .098 09/28: 14 .096 07/06: 14 0 5027 West Phoenix .099 07/22: 15 .091 05/11: 15 .091 07/24: 13 .091 08/16: 14 0 8254 Site # indicates <75% data available In 2003 Maricopa County achieved its seventh year of compliance with the one-hour standard. However, the urbanized area of Maricopa County currently retains its designation as a serious non-attainment area. MAG has prepared a maintenance plan for submission to the USEPA to allow Maricopa County to be re-designated to an attainment area for the one-hour ozone standard. 10 On July 18, 1997 the Environmental Protection Agency promulgated a new ozone standard to ensure a more effective and efficient protection of public health and the environment. The new purposed Primary Standard for ozone is 0.08 ppm. Compliance with the standard is determined by averaging the 4th highest eight-hour average over a three-year period. This three-year average must be less than or equal to 0.08 ppm. It should be noted that the US Supreme Court has recently allowed the USEPA to implement the new ozone standard. For Calendar Year 2003, there were twelve sites that exceeded the eight-hour primary standard for ozone. The following is the 2003 data summary for eight-hour ozone at MCESD monitoring sites (Table -8). Additionally, two sites violated the eight-hour primary standard (Table -22) 2003 PROPOSED 8-HR AVERAGE OZONE SUMMARY (Table -8) Blue Point 8-HR MAX (PPM) Date: Time .103 07/22: 13 2nd HIGH (PPM) Date: Time .088 07/21: 11 3rd HIGH (PPM) Date: Time .087 07/23: 12 4th HIGH (PPM) Date: Time .086 05/27: 10 Cave Creek .088 05/27: 11 .087 05/11: 11 .083 05/22: 11 .083 07/30: 12 2 Central Phoenix .084 08/16: 12 .083 07/22: 11 .080 05/11: 10 .079 08/17: 11 0 Dysart .082 08/16: 11 .075 07/22: 11 .075 08/17: 11 .073 08/14: 11 0 Falcon Field .099 07/22: 12 .079 07/21: 10 .079 07/23: 11 .079 08/12: 10 1 Fountain Hills .099 07/22: 13 .083 05/11: 11 .083 07/21: 11 .083 07/23: 12 1 Glendale .092 08/16: 12 .088 05/11: 11 .088 08/17: 11 .085 05/21: 11 4 Humboldt Mt. .089 05/11: 14 .089 05/27: 14 .087 05/22: 13 .087 07/30: 11 5 Maryvale .087 08/17: 11 .086 05/11: 11 .083 05/21: 11 .083 07/22: 11 2 North Phoenix .093 07/22: 11 .092 08/16: 12 .088 05/11: 11 .086 07/16: 11 4 Pinnacle Peak .093 07/22: 12 .089 05/11: 14 .085 05/27: 12 .083 07/30: 12 3 Rio Verde .096 07/22: 13 .085 07/21: 10 .084 05/11: 11 .083 07/23: 12 2 South Phoenix .083 05/11: 11 .079 07/22: 11 .077 08/17: 11 .076 05/27: 11 0 South Scottsdale .097 07/22: 10 .085 05/11: 11 .085 08/16: 12 .079 07/23: 10 3 Surprise Tempe .079 05/11: 12 .086 07/22: 11 .070 05/09: 14 .083 05/11: 10 .067 05/01: 12 .080 07/23: 10 .066 05/10: 11 .080 08/12: 10 0 1 West Chandler West Phoenix .082 05/11: 11 .081 05/11: 10 .079 05/31: 10 .081 07/22: 11 .080 07/23: 10 .080 08/16: 11 .080 08/12: 10 .077 05/21: 11 0 0 Site Number of DAYS ≥ .085 4 # Indicates <75% data available Ozone is a naturally occurring compound in which three oxygen atoms combine together. This is an unstable combination, and ozone is continually going through a natural cycle of being formed and then converting back to the more stable “normal” double oxygen compound. The cycle occurs fairly rapidly. In the stratosphere (6 miles and more above the earth), natural ozone has a beneficial effect of screening out harmful ultraviolet light from the sun. Ozone is a major component of the brown haze smog in our breathing air. Ozone is not directly emitted into the air, but rather forms in a complex reaction that involves heat, sunlight, and a “soup” of toxic pollutants, especially Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Some of the most common sources of VOCs are gasoline vapors, chemical solvents, and combustion products of fuels and consumer products. Ozone is created by sunlight acting on nitrates (NO X) and VOCs from motor vehicles and stationary sources, and can be carried 11 hundreds of miles from their origins. Ozone affects the respiratory system in people and animals, and also affects the growth of plants. PARTICULATE MATTER (PM -10) During 2003, seventeen PM-10 monitors were reported as operational in AQS. Six monitors were identified as NAMS, eight were identified as SLAMS, and three were identified as SPM (Table -5). The Central Phoenix site (CP) has both a contin uous particulate monitor and a 6-day SSI High Volume Monitor. For Calendar Year 2003, there were twelve sites that exceeded the PM-10 twenty-four hour standard. Additionally, there were five sites that exceeded the PM-10 annual standard (Table -9). For Calendar Year 2003, there were ten sites that violated the PM-10 24-hour standard and five sites that violated the PM-10 annual standard (Table –20, -21). 2003 PARTICULATE SUMMARY (Table -9) Site 24hr Avg. Max 24hr Avg. 2nd Numb er of Expected (µg/m3) High (µg/m3) Exceedances Exceedances Annual Avg. (µg/m3) Number of Samples Central Phoenix 114 87 0 0 40 59 of 61 Central Phoenix * 183 * 175 3 3.1 43 7887 of 8760 Chandler * 240 126 1 6 50 60 of 61 Durango Complex * 195 128 1 6 * 62 61 of 61 Dysart 133 86 0 0 # 29 of 29 Glendale 151 129 0 0 36 61 of 61 Greenwood * 166 126 1 6 * 51 60 of 61 Higley * 225 151 1 6 * 62 58 of 61 151 137 0 0 42 61 of 61 Mesa * 176 112 1 6 34 61 of 61 North Phoenix * 155 132 1 6 34 59 of 61 South Phoenix * 164 135 1 6 * 52 60 of 61 South Scottsdale * 172 124 1 6 36 61 of 61 42 32 0 0 # 22 of 22 West Chandler * 206 * 197 2 13.7 42 59 of 61 West Forty Third * 157 154 1 6 * 62 60 of 61 West Phoenix * 158 136 1 6.4 46 60 of 61 (continuous) Maryvale Surprise * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard. # indicates <75% data available Particulate Matter is the term for solid or liquid particles found in the air. While some particles are large or dark enough to be seen as soot or smoke, others can only be seen through an electron microscope. In 1987 the EPA replaced the TSP (Total Suspended Particulates) air quality standard with a PM-10 (particles measuring less than ten microns) Standard. Research found that PM-10 has the ability to reach the lower regions of the respiratory tract. PM-10 affects the respiratory system in people and animals. Particulates that have high acid levels can cause damage to man-made materials and reduce visibility. 12 On July 2, 2002 (67 FR 44369), EPA found the state implementation plan (SIP) for the Metropolitan Phoenix (Maricopa County), Arizona serious PM-10 non-attainment area to be inadequate to attain the 24-hour particulate (PM-10) air quality standard at the Salt River monitoring site. Under authority from the Clean Air Act, EPA has required a SIP revision to be submitted by the State of Arizona to correct the inadequacy. Particulate Matter (PM -2.5) Since attainment designations for the new particulate standard (PM-2.5) will soon be announced, MCESD has started to implement its own PM-2.5 network. Currently, MCESD operates two collocated PM 2.5 monitors at the West Phoenix site. Future locations for PM-2.5 monitors include South Phoenix and North Phoenix sites. However, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) will still prepare, analysis, and report the data. ADEQ operates several other PM 2.5 monitors in the county including Estella, Palo Verde, Supersite, and Tempe Community Center. ADEQ reports the PM-2.5 data in their annual report. NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2 ) All parts of Maricopa County are in attainment for nitrogen dioxide. During 2003, five NO2 monitors were operational and were reported in AQS. Two monitors were designated as NAM’s monitors, two designated as SLAMS, and one was designated as SPM (see Table -5). For Calendar Year 2003, no exceedances of the NO2 annual standard were recorded at MCESD monitoring sites (Table -10). 2003 NITROGEN DIOXIDE SUMMARY (Table -10) Site NO2 Avg. 1-HR Max. (PPM) Date: Time NO2 Avg. 1-HR 2ND High (PPM) Date: Time Number of 1-hr Samples Annual Avg. (PPM) Central Phoenix .082 10/19: 21 .081 05/21: 20 7031 .0293 Greenwood .101 01/16: 10 .097 01/16: 08 7164 .0343 South Scottsdale .076 05/16: 20 .071 01/30: 18 5590 # Tempe .062 01/03: 17 .060 01/16: 19 1885 # West Phoenix .084 12/02: 10 .077 01/02: 09 4362 # * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% data available MCESD continued to suffer reliability problems with our new multi-gas calibrators. This was the major factor in having three sites with less than 75% data recovery. NO2 belongs to a family of highly reactive gases called nitrogen oxides. These gases are formed when fuel is burned at high temperatures, and are emitted primarily from automobile exhaust and power plants. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide can irritate the lungs and lower resistance to respiratory infections, particularly in people with existing respiratory illness such as asthma. 13 SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO 2) Maricopa County is in attainment for SO 2 . During 2003, two SO 2 monitors were operational and were reported in AQS. Both of these monitors were designated NAMS sites (see Table -5). For Calendar Year 2003 no exceedances of the SO 2 annual, 24-hour, or 3-hour standard were recorded at Maricopa County monitoring sites (see Table -11). 2003 SULFUR DIOXIDE SUMMARY (Table -11) Site 1-HR MAX (PPM) Date: Time 1-HR 2nd (PPM) Date: Time 3-HR MAX (PPM) Date: Time 3-HR 2nd (PPM) Date: Time 24-HR MAX (PPM) Date: Time 24-HR 2nd (PPM) Date: Time Central Phoenix South Scottsdale .015 01/16: 08 .030 12/13: 11 .015 12/18: 22 .020 12/13: 12 .014 12/18: 23 .012 01/16: 23 .013 01/03: 23 .012 01/17: 02 .007 01/16: 23 .005 12/13: 23 .007 01/17: 23 .004 01/24: 23 Annual Avg. (PPM) Number of Samples .003 8493 .002 8430 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard SO2 is emitted largely from burning high-sulfur coal, oil, and diesel fuel. Because this gas is usually found in association with particulate pollution, as SO 2 is the precursor for fine sulfate particles, separating the health effects of these two pollutants is difficult. Together SO 2 and PM-10 make up a major portion of the pollutant load in many cities, acting separately and in concert to damage public health. LEAD / TSP The monitoring of Lead/TSP. was discontinued in 1997. 14 REQUIRED INFORMATION The following are tables (12 -16) of summary data required by the 40 CFR Part 58 App. F. CONCENTRATION RANGES Carbon Monoxide Ranges (PPM) Number of 8-hr Avg. Values Central Phoenix Dysart Glendale Greenwood Maryvale Mesa North Phoenix South Phoenix South Scottsdale Surprise Tempe West Chandler W. Indian School West Phoenix 0 to 4 8522 2645 4847 8669 4547 4739 4821 4735 4816 2149 4625 4855 8657 8464 5 to 8 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 45 (Table –12) 9 to 12 13 to 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Greater than 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (Table –13) 0.09 to 0.13 to 0.12 0.16 77 0 34 0 25 0 0 0 27 0 61 0 30 0 49 0 28 0 47 0 51 0 64 0 12 0 34 0 2 0 30 0 23 0 16 0 0.17 to 0.20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.21 to 0.24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 to 0.28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Greater than .28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 to 20 21 to 24 25 to 28 Ozone Ranges (PPM) Number of 1-hr Avg. Values Blue Point Cave Creek Central Phoenix Dysart Falcon Field Fountain Hills Glendale Humboldt Mt. Maryvale North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde South Phoenix South Scottsdale Surprise Tempe West Chandler West Phoenix 0.00 to 0.04 5750 2048 6815 586 2960 5816 3536 475 3296 6433 4607 2464 6756 6641 1524 3337 3197 6568 0.05 to 0.08 2691 2840 1642 8 1994 2729 1424 4340 1741 2051 3713 2375 1821 1799 916 1625 1807 1670 15 Nitrogen Dioxide Ranges (PPM) Number of 1-hr Avg. Values Central Phoenix Greenwood South Scottsdale Tempe West Phoenix 0.00 to 0.04 5660 4955 5186 1799 3781 0.05 to 0.08 1371 2198 404 86 581 (Table –14) 0.09 to 0.13 to 0.12 0.16 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.17 to 0.20 0 0 0 0 0 0.21 to 0.24 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 to 0.28 0 0 0 0 0 Greater than .28 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 to 0.08 0 0 (Table –15) 0.09 to 0.13 to 0.12 0.16 0 0 0 0 0.17 to 0.20 0 0 0.21 to 0.24 0 0 0.25 to 0.28 0 0 Greater than .28 0 0 (Table –16) 51 to 100 101 to 151 to 150 200 12 1 0 16 5 0 24 8 1 4 1 0 6 2 0 25 1 1 24 6 1 11 2 0 5 1 1 4 1 1 23 2 1 6 2 1 0 0 0 8 1 1 28 5 2 20 1 1 201 to 250 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 251 to 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 301 to 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Greater than 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sulfur Dioxide Ranges (PPM) Number of 24-hr Avg. Values Central Phoenix South Scottsdale 0.00 to 0.04 8661 8561 PM- 10 Ranges (ug/m3 ) Number of 24-hr Avg. Values Central Phoenix Chandler Durango Dysart Glendale Greenwood Higley Maryvale Mesa North Phoenix South Phoenix South Scottsdale Surprise West Chandler West 43rd Ave. West Phoenix 0 to 50 46 38 28 24 53 33 26 48 54 53 34 52 22 48 25 38 16 DATA COMPLETENESS Before any data set can be considered valid it must first pass the data recovery test. This test consists of determining the ratio of actual samples to scheduled samples by quarter. This ratio must be greater than 75% for a data set to be considered valid. After validation the data can be used to determine compliance with the NAAQS. The following is a summary of the annual data completeness for all of the criteria pollutants (Table –17). 2003 CRITERIA POLLUTANT DATA COMPLETENESS (Table –17) Number of Actual Samples Number of Scheduled Samples Data Completeness (Actual/Schedule) Carbon Monoxide 76,453 80,404 95.1% Ozone 112,315 116,376 96.5% PM-10 (1in 6 day) 891 905 98.5% PM-10 (continuous) 7887 8760 90.0% Nitrogen Dioxide 26,032 42,336 61.5% Sulfur Dioxide 16,923 17,520 96.6% 240,501 266,301 90.3% Total COMPLIANCE - NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS) The EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards OAQPS manages programs to improve air quality in areas where the current quality is unacceptable and to prevent deterioration in areas where the air is relatively free of contamination. To accomplish this task, OAQPS establishes the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for each of the criteria pollutants. There are two types of standards. Primary standards protect against adverse health effects; secondary standards protect against welfare effects, such as damage to farm crops and vegetation and damage to buildings. Because different pollutants have different effects, the NAAQS are also different. Some pollutants have standards for both long-term and short-term averaging times. The short-term standards are designed to protect against acute, or short-term, health effects, while the long-term standards are established to protect against chronic health effects. The following is a table of the NAAQS for six criteria pollutants (Table –18). 17 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (Table –18) Pollutant Carbon Monoxide Primary Standards Averaging Times 9 ppm 35 ppm 3 Secondary Standard 8-hour 1 None 1-hour 1 None Lead 1.5 µg/m Quarterly Average Same as Primary Nitrogen Dioxide 0.053 ppm Annual (Arithmetic Mean) Same as Primary 3 PM10 PM2.5 Ozone Sulfur Oxides 1 2 50 µg/m Annual (Arithmetic. Mean) 3 Same as Primary 1 150 µg /m 24-hour 15 µg/m3 Annual3 (Arithmetic Mean) Same as Primary 3 65 µg/m 24-hour 0.08 ppm 8-hour5 Same as Primary 0.12 ppm 1-hour 6 Same as Primary 0.03 ppm Annual (Arithmetic. Mean) 0.14 ppm ------Not to be exceeded more than once per year. 24-hour 4 1 3-hour1 ------------0.5 ppm 2 To attain this standard, the expected annual arithmetic mean PM10 concentration at each monitor within an area must not exceed 50 ug/m3 . 3 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the annual arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentrations from single or multiple community-oriented monitors must not exceed 15 ug/m3 . 4 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations at each population-oriented monitor within an area must not exceed 65 ug/m3 . 5 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed 0.08 ppm. 6 (a) The standard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar year with maximum hourly average concentrations above 0.12 ppm is <= 1, (b) The 1-hour standard is applicable to all areas notwithstanding the promulgation of 8-hour ozone standards under Sec. 50.10. On June 2, 2003, (68 FR 32802) EPA proposed several options for when the 1-hour standard would no longer apply to an area. 18 2003 NAAQS EXCEEDANCE AND VIOLATION SUMMARY The following is a summary of the number, types and dates of exceedances of the NAAQS for 2003 (Table – 19). (Table –19) Carbon Monoxide Ozone Nitrogen Dioxide No Exceedances of the 1-hr or 8hr NAAQS standard were logged No Exceedances of 1-hr NAAQS were logged. See Table -8 - for 8-hr summary No Exceedances of NAAQS were logged Sulfur Dioxide No Exceedances of NAAQS were logged Particulates There were four days when at least one monitor exceeded the 24 hr. Site Date Value CP (continuous) 7/14/03 175 ug/m3 CP (continuous) 7/15/03 155 ug/m3 CP (continuous) 7/16/03 183 ug/m3 CH 7/14/03 240 ug/m3 DC 7/14/03 195 ug/m3 GR 7/14/03 166 ug/m3 HI 7/14/03 225 ug/m3 ME 7/14/03 176 ug/m3 NP 7/14/03 155 ug/m3 SP 7/14/03 164 ug/m3 SS 7/14/03 172 ug/m3 WC 7/14/03 206 ug/m3 WC 8/13/03 197 ug/m3 WF 7/14/03 157 ug/m3 WP 7/14/03 158 ug/m3 Five sites exceeded the PM-10 Annual standard Site Value DC GR HI SP WF 62 ug/m3 51 ug/m3 62 ug/m3 52 ug/m3 62 ug/m3 19 VIOLATIONS OF THE 24HR PARTICULATE STANDARD The 24hr NAAQS for particulates is violated when the expected occurrence of exceedances (samples greater than or equal to 150 ug/m3 ) is greater than one over three consecutive years (Table –20) (40 CFR Part 50.6 (a)). (Table –20) Site Central Phoenix Central Phoenix 2001 No. of Max. 24hr Exp. Exc. 124 0 2002 81 No. of Exp. Exc. 0 Max. 24hr 2003 No. of Max. 24hr Exp. Exc. 114 0 Rate of Expected Exceedances 0 133 0 96 0 183 3.1 1 Chandler 146 0 128 0 240 6 2 Durango Complex 189 6 232 12 195 6 8 Dysart NA NA NA NA # 133 0 # Glendale 111 0 88 0 151 0 0 Greenwood 145 0 116 0 166 6 2 Higley 176 6 138 0 225 6 4 Maryvale 123 0 142 0 151 0 0 Mesa 98 0 102 0 176 6 2 North Phoenix 99 0 80 0 155 6 2 Salt River 281 36.9 249 12 Shutdown Shutdown # South Phoenix 143 0 137 0 164 6 2 South Scottsdale 110 0 64 0 172 6 2 Surprise 107 0 81 0 42 0 # West Chandler 135 0 80 0 206 14 4.6 West Forty Third NA NA 172 6 157 6 # West Phoenix 142 0 122 0 158 6.4 2.1 (continuous) < Indicates violation of standard # Indicates <75% data available 20 VIOLATIONS OF THE ANNUAL PARTICULATE STANDARD The Annual NAAQS for particulates is violated when the three-year average of the annual averages is more than or equal to 50 ug/m3 (Table -21) (40 CFR Part 50.6 (b)). (Table –21) 2001 Annual Avg. ug/m3 2002 Annual Avg. ug/m3 2003 Annual Avg. ug/m3 Three Year Average (ug/m3 ) 38 43 40 40 38 42 43 41 Chandler 48 56 50 51 Durango Complex 59 70 62 64 Not Operating Not Operating # # Glendale 33 40 36 36 Greenwood 49 55 51 52 Higley 50 62 62 58 Maryvale 38 45 42 42 Mesa 30 36 34 33 North Phoenix 30 37 34 34 Salt River 94 81 Shut down # South Phoenix 50 60 52 54 South Scottsdale 33 37 36 35 Surprise 27 32 Shut down # West Chandler 34 39 42 38 Not Operating 68 62 # 43 53 46 47 Site Central Phoenix Central Phoenix (continuous) Dysart West Forty Third West Phoenix < Indicates violation of standard # Indicates <75% data available 21 VIOLATIONS OF THE PROPOSED 8-HR OZONE STANDARD 2003 SUMMARY The 8-hour average NAAQS for ozone is violated when the three-year average of the fourth high is greater than 0.08 ppm. Because of mathematical rounding the value is actually 0.085 PPM or greater (Table –22) (40 CFR Part 50.10 (a)). (Table –22) Blue Point 0.080 0.086 0.086 3 Yr. Avg. of 4th High (PPM) 0.084 Cave Creek 0.083 0.086 0.083 0.084 Central Phoenix 0.075 0.076 0.079 0.076 Falcon Field 0.081 0.084 0.079 0.081 Fountain Hills 0.083 0.086 0.083 0.084 Glendale 0.078 0.083 0.085 0.082 Humboldt Mt. 0.085 0.090 0.087 0.087 Maryvale 0.074 0.084 0.074 0.080 North Phoenix 0.086 0.085 0.086 0.085 Pinnacle Peak 0.085 0.084 0.083 0.084 Rio Verde 0.083 0.085 0.083 0.083 South Phoenix 0.076 0.081 0.076 0.077 South Scottsdale 0.079 0.079 0.079 0.079 Tempe 0.079 0.080 0.080 0.079 West Chandler 0.078 0.083 0.078 0.079 West Phoenix 0.075 < Indicates violation of standard 0.084 0.077 0.078 Site 2001 4th High (PPM) 2002 4th High (PPM) 2003 4th High (PPM) 22 MONITORING SITES INFORMATION http://www.maricopa.gov/sbeap/AIR_MONI.HTM Site Abbr. BP CC CH CP DC DY Site Name Blue Point Cave Creek Chandler Central Phoenix Durango Comple x Dysart Site Location Usery Pass & Bush Highway 32nd St. & Carefree Highway Pecos & McQueen 19th St & Roosevelt 27th Ave. & Durango St. Bell Rd. & Dysart Rd. FF Falcon Field McKellips & Greenfield FH GL GR HI HM MA ME Fountain Hills Glendale Greenwood Higley Site Humboldt Mountain Maryvale Mesa Palisades & Fountain Hills Blvd. 59th Ave & W. Olive 27th Ave. & Interstate 10 Chandler Blvd. & Higley Rd. Top of Humboldt Mountain 61st Ave. & Encanto Blvd. Broadway Rd. & Alma School Rd. NP PP RV SP SS SU TE WC WF WI WP North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde South Phoenix South Scottsdale Surprise Tempe Site West Chandler West Forty Third W. Indian School West Phoenix 7th St & Dunlap Ave. Pima Rd & Pinnacle Peak Rd. Forest Rd & De l Ray Ave. Central Ave. & Broadway Scottsdale Rd. & Thomas Rd. Reems Rd. and Grand Ave. Apache Blvd. & College Ave. Ellis Rd. & Frye Blvd. 43rd Ave. & Broadway Rd. 33rd Ave. & W. Indian School. Rd. 39th Ave. & Earll Dr. 23 Site Specifications Site Latitude Longitude Site Location BP CC CH CP DC DY FF FH GL GR HI HM MA ME NP PP RV SA SP SS SU TE WC WF WI WP 33: 33' 09.263" 33: 49.32' 33: 17' 09.630" 33: 27' 29.130" 33: 25' 60" 33.6370 33: 27' 09.371" 33: 36' 39.545" 33: 34' 09.487" 33: 27' 38.872" 33: 18.47' 33: 58' 53.255" 33: 28' 28.611" 33: 24' 37.798" 33: 33' 37.055" 33: 42' 43.440" 33: 43' 06.418" 33: 25' 03.788" 33: 24' 12.410" 33: 28' 46.049" 33: 39.18' 33: 24.67' 33: 17.93' 33: 24.37' 33: 29' 40.950" 33: 29' 01.280" -111: 36' 25.465" -112: 1.02' -111: 49' 03.691" -112: 02' 28.809" -112: 07' 12" -112.3394 -111:43' 58.462" -111: 40' 16.368" -112: 11' 26.855" -112: 07' 00.526" -111: 43.33' -111: 47' 50.478" -112: 11' 32.055" -111: 51' 51.518" -112: 03' 55.797" -111: 51' 05.644" -111: 40' 16.142" -112: 06' 12.194" -112: 04' 23.196" -111: 54' 59.250" -112: 22.65' -111:56.10' -111: 53.04' -112: 88.66' -112: 07' 48.825" -112: 08' 31.463" Usery Pass & Bush Highway 32nd St. & Carefree Highway Pecos & McQueen 19th St & Roosevelt 27th Ave. & Durango St. Bell Rd. & Dysart Rd. McKellips & Greenfield Palisades & Fountain Hills Blvd. 59th Ave & W. Olive 27th Ave. & Interstate 10 Higley Rd. & Chandler Blvd Top of Humboldt Mountain 61st Ave. & Encanto Broadway Rd. & Alma School Rd. 7th Street & Dunlap Avenue Pima Rd & Pinnacle Peak Forest Rd & Del Ray Ave. 22nd Ave. & Lower Buckeye Central Ave. & Broadway Scottsdale Rd. & Thomas Rd. Reems Rd & Grand Ave College Ave. & Apache Blvd. Ellis St. & Frye Rd. 43rd Ave. & Broadway Rd. 33rd Ave. & Indian School Rd. 39th Ave. & Earll Dr. AIRS ID 04-013-9702 04-013-4008 04-013-0021 04-013-3002 04-013-9812 04-013-4010 04-013-1010 04-013-9704 04-013-2001 04-013-3010 04-013-4006 04-013-9508 04-013-3006 04-013-1003 04-013-1004 04-013-2005 04-013-9706 04-013-3007 04-013-4003 04-013-3003 04-013-4007 04-013-4005 04-013-4004 04-013-4009 04-013-0016 04-013-0019 24 Site Instrument Setup AIR MONITORING NETWORK OPERATIONS Sites BP CC CH CP DC DY FF FH GL GR HI HM MA ME NP PP RV SP SS TE WC WF WI WP Total WS/WD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s s s s s s s s s s s O3 1 1 s s s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s s sp s sp s s 21 n = NAMS NOX SO2 Press Del-T TEOM Temp R-Hum Room Rain n s* 1 1 1 n 1 1 1 1 1 s* s* n s* 1 s* 1 1 n s* s 1 n 1 n 1 1 1 s 1 sp 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s* s* s s s* s n sp * s* 1 1 1 s 16 s = SLAMS PM-10 MultiGas 1 1 1 1 s 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 n n s s 1 1 1 n s sp 1 2 1 s s s 1 1 n n 1 1 s sp 1 1 1 1 1 1 s* s* s* 1 1 1 1 s* s* 1 n sp * x 1 sp s* 1 1 1 1 n n 5 sp =SPM 1 s 4 1 1 1 s 1 1 sp 1 n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO 2 1 9 x = inactive instruments 1 1 1 1 1 sp 1 sp 1 sp 1 s 5 3 1 14 * = seasonal monitor 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 1 2 2 Total # of Active Sites = 1 x1 n 19 1 4 24 AQS Code Logger Total 04-013-9702 04-013-4008 04-013-0021 04-013-3002 04-013-9812 04-013-4010 04-013-1010 04-013-9704 04-013-2001 04-013-3010 04-013-4006 04-013-9508 04-013-3006 04-013-1003 04-013-1004 04-013-2005 04-013-9706 04-013-4003 04-013-3003 04-013-4005 04-013-4004 04-013-4009 04-013-0016 04-013-0019 Total # of Active Instruments = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24 5 6 4 12 7 6 4 7 6 7 5 3 4 8 8 4 1 6 11 7 7 6 4 12 150 Maricopa County Blue Point Air Monitoring Site Blue Point (BP) (04-013-9702) Location: Bush Highway and Usery Pass Road Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High down wind maximum concentrations, category (a) Site Description: The Blue Point site became operational in July 1995 and is located in a Maricopa County Sheriff’s Sub-Station in Tonto National Forest. This site represents the maximum ozone concentration, and urban scale down wind transport conditions. This site is located approximately 40 miles east of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Ozone is the only criteria pollutant monitored at this NAMS station. Wind speed and direction are also monitored at the site. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High *Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 2001 0.111 0 0.085 1 * 0.085 2002 0.110 0 0.091 5 0.084 2003 0.122 0 0.103 4 0.084 Maricopa County Cave Creek Air Monitoring Site Cave Creek (CC) (04-013-4008) Location: 32 nd St. & Carefree Highway Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: Down Wind Maximum Concentrations Site Description: The Cave Creek site became operational in August 2001 and is located in the Maricopa County Cave Creek Recreation Area (Park Office). This site was chosen through discussions on modifying the ozone network for the new 8-hr ozone standard (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). Ozone is the only criteria pollutant monitored at this SLAMS station. Wind speed and direction are also monitored at the site. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High 2001 0.112 0 .099 2 NA 2002 0.102 0 0.090 4 NA 2003 0.102 0 0.088 2 0.084 27 Maricopa County Central Phoenix Air Monitoring Site Central Phoenix (CP) (04-013-3002) Location: 1845 E. Roosevelt Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure category (b) Site Description: The Central Phoenix site has been in existence for over three decades and has provided a long-term historical database with high data recovery. The site is representative of hig h population exposure (greater than 5000 people per square mile) in the central Phoenix area. This site is a NAMS location for Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, PM-10, SO 2 and NO2 criteria pollutants. MCESD also maintains a continuous (TEOM) monitor for PM10 daily forecasts during the winter season. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. Continuous (ug/m3) Number exceedances Continuous 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. Continuous (ug/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) Max. 24-hr SO2 Avg. (PPM) Number of Exceedances Annual SO2 Avg. (PPM) 2001 4.8 0 0.091 0 0.079 0 0.077 124 0 38 NA NA NA 0.028 0.010 0 .003 2002 4.4 0 0.123 0 0.088 1 0.075 81 0 43 NA NA NA 0.029 0.012 0 0.003 2003 4.6 0 0.102 0 0.084 0 0.076 114 0 40 * 183 3 43 0.029 0.007 0 0.003 *Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 28 Maricopa County Chandler Air Monitoring Site Chandler (CH) (04-013-0021) Location: 1475 E. Pecos Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure, category (b) Site Description: The Chandler site is located on the property of the City of Chandler’s Wastewater Treatment Plant (CWTP). The area immediately surrounding the CWTP was a low population density area; however, it is experiencing rapid residential growth. The site is a NAMS (category b) location for PM10 Particulates. Future air quality data from this location may be threatened since the CWTP has given notice of proposed expansion plans where the platform presently stands. Additionally, the site has become a storage location for street signs, water valves, and other municipal equipment. The site often measures a higher than expected particulate value, which has become more indicative of yard activity than reliable ambient air quality data. The present Higley site is being considered as a replacement. Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2001 146 0 59 2002 128 0 *56 2003 * 240 1 50 *Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 29 Maricopa County Durango Complex Air Monitoring Site Durango Complex (DC) (04-013-9812) Location: 2702 AC Esterbrook Blvd. Spatial Scale: Middle Monitoring Objective: Maximum Concentration Site Description: This site is located one mile northwest from the former Salt River site in the Maricopa County Flood Control District storage yard. Sampling began on January 6,1999 with the intent to replace the Salt River site. However, in 2000 the USEPA determined that the site is not equivalent to the Salt River site. Particulates (SLAMS PM-10) and wind speed and direction are monitored at the site. This site is part of the Salt River Monitoring Study (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2001 * 189 1 * 58 2002 * 232 2 * 70 2003 * 195 1 * 62 *Indicates an exceedance of the Standard 30 Maricopa County Dysart Air Monitoring Site Dysart (DY) (04-013-4010) Location: Bell Rd. & Dysart Rd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The Dysart site was established in July 2003. It is located at the Maricopa County Facility Maintenance Yard at the corner of Bell rd. and Dysart Rd. The site is in a growing population area in the northwest valley. The land use around the site consists of subdivisions of single family homes, commercial, and industrial. The site is approx. one mile west of the Agua Fria Riverbed. The site will take over for the shutdown Surprise site (04-013-4007) 2.3 miles to the north northwest. Seasonal Carbon Monoxide, Seasonal Ozone, (SLAMS) and PM-10 (SLAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2001 Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating 2002 Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating 2003 1.2 0 0.090 0 0.082 0 # 133 0 # # Indicates <75% Data Recovery 31 Maricopa County Falcon Field Air Monitoring Site Falcon Field (FF) (04-013-1010) Location: 4530 E. McKellips Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Down Wind Concentrations Site Description: Ozone is the seasonal SLAMS criteria pollutant monitored at this station. Monitoring began in June of 1989. It is located near an airfield in a fire station with the area having a growing residential area. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High 2001 0.111 0 0.089 2 .079 2002 0.113 0 0.093 3 0.080 2003 0.111 0 .099 1 0.081 32 Maricopa County Fountain Hills Air Monitoring Site Fountain Hills (FH) (04-013-9704) Location: 16426 E. Palisades Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Down Wind Concentrations, category (b) Site Description: The site is located at a Fountain Hills fire station. This site became operational in April of 1996. The site monitors ozone (NAMS category b) and wind speed and direction. This site is located approximately 15 miles downwind from the Phoenix metropolitan area. This site represents the high down wind concentrations on the fringes of the central basin district along the predominant summer/fall daytime wind direction. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High * Indicates Violation of Standard 2001 0.110 0 0.087 3 * 0.085 2002 0.114 0 0.092 5 * 0.085 2003 0.117 0 0.099 1 0.084 33 Maricopa County Glendale Air Monitoring Site Glendale (GL) (04-013-2001) Location: 6000 W. Olive Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The Glendale site was established over two decades ago and is located on the grounds of Glendale Community College in a growing residential area. Homes, various strip malls, food establishments, and parks surround the site. Seasonal Carbon Monoxide, Seasonal Ozone, (SLAMS) and PM-10 (NAMS category b) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2001 3.1 0 0.116 0 0.092 2 0.080 111 0 33 2002 3.2 0 0.101 0 0.094 2 0.080 88 0 40 2003 2.4 0 0.107 0 0.092 4 0.082 151 0 36 34 Maricopa County Greenwood Air Monitoring Site Greenwood (GR) (04-013-3010) Location: 27th Avenue and I-10 Spatial Scale: Middle Scale Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: Monitoring began at this site in December 1993. The station is bordered on the north by Interstate-10, on the west and south by neighborhood homes, and to the east by Greenwood cemetery. Interstate-17 is approximately one mile to the east of the site. Carbon Monoxide, NO2, and PM-10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS facility. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) 2001 4.7 0 145 0 49 0.037 2002 5.4 0 116 0 * 55 0.035 2003 5.4 0 * 166 1 * 51 0.034 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 35 Maricopa County Higley Air Monitoring Site Higley (HI) (04-013-4006) Location: 15400 S. Higley Rd. Gilbert AZ Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure with High Concentration Site Description: Originally, in 1994 ADEQ set up this site to monitor for background particulate concentrations near the urban limits of Maricopa County. Since then, urban expansion has enveloped the site, so it no longer serves their purpose. MCESD installed a PM-10 HI-VOL in the second quarter of 2000. The data from this site was compared to the Chandler Site and was found to be comparable. If the City of Chandler requests MCESD to remove the Chandler Site it is our intention for the Higley site to replace the Chandler site). 2001 2002 2003 Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) * 176 138 * 225 Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 1 0 1 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 50 * 63 * 62 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% Data Recovery 36 Maricopa County Humboldt Mountain Air Monitoring Site Humboldt Mountain (HM) (04-013-9508) Location: Humboldt Mountain Summit Spatial Scale: Regional Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations Site Description: This site became operational in May 1996. The Humboldt Mountain site is located on Federal Aviation Agency property, in a National Forest Service building, in the Tonto National Forest. This site is located approximately 40 miles north- northeast of the Phoenix metropolitan area at an elevation of 5230 feet. Ozone is the only criteria pollutant that is monitored at this seasonal SLAMS site. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High * Indicates Violation of Standard 2001 0.098 0 0.088 4 * 0.085 2002 0.124 0 0.102 8 * 0.085 2003 0.104 0 0.089 5 * 0.087 37 Maricopa County Maryvale Air Monitoring Site Maryvale (MA) (04-013-3006) Location: 6180 W. Encanto Blvd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: Monitoring began at this site in November 1993. This monitoring station is located at the Maryvale Phoenix Police Station. The site is surrounded by residentia l neighborhoods with a City of Phoenix park to the West. Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, (seasonal), and PM-10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS station. This site will be shut down as of April 1, 2004 and the equipment moved to far west valley. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2001 7.6 0 0.097 0 0.083 0 0.078 123 0 38 2002 5.0 0 0.119 0 0.107 3 0.079 142 0 45 2003 4.2 0 0.099 0 0.087 2 0.080 151 0 42 38 Maricopa County Mesa Air Monitoring Site Mesa (ME) (04-013-1003) Location: 370 S. Brooks Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: This site is located at Brooks Reservoir at the western edge of the city near the Tempe border. It is centered in an area that is residential, industrial, and a small amount of agricultural. An open field borders the site on the west with, commercial development to the north, and light industry east and south of the site. Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, and PM-10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS site. To help conserve personnel and equipment resources the ozone monitor was permanently shut down as of November 1, 2002 (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS) Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2001 2.9 0 0.093 0 0.078 0 0.078 98 0 30 2002 3.5 0 0.097 0 .082 0 0.073 102 0 36 2003 2.5 0 Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating Not Operating NA * 176 1 34 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 39 Maricopa County North Phoenix Air Monitoring Site North Phoenix (NP) (04-013-1004) Location: 601 E. Butler Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: This site is located in the Sunnyslope area of North Phoenix. Sunnyslope is an old established neighborhood, primarily residential. High-density population surrounds the site. CO, Ozone, and PM-10 (SLAMS) are monitored at this site, along with temperature inversion. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) * Indicates Violation of Standard 2001 2.5 0 0.110 0 0.094 4 * 0.085 99 0 30 2002 3.2 0 0.111 0 0.093 5 * 0.085 80 0 37 2003 2.3 0 0.113 0 0.093 4 0.085 * 155 1 34 40 Maricopa County Pinnacle Peak Air Monitoring Site Pinnacle Peak (PP) (04-013-2005) Location: 25000 Windy Walk Way Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Down Wind Concentrations Site Description: This SLAMS site for ozone is located at a golf course country club and is surrounded by residential homes. It is located in a geographic area of low-density population (less than 2500 people per square mile). In previous years, ozone exceedances have been recorded due to transport of ozone and precursors from more urbanized areas of metro-Phoenix. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High * Indicates Violation of Standard 2001 0.107 0 0.095 4 * 0.085 2002 0.115 0 0.089 3 * 0.085 2003 0.103 0 0.093 3 .084 41 Maricopa County Rio Verde Air Monitoring Site Rio Verde (RV) (04-013-9706) Location: 25608 N. Forest Rd. Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations Site description: This seasonal ozone site became operational in spring of 1997. The monitor is located at the fire station / County Sheriff’s office sub-station located in a residential area surrounded by the desert of Tonto National Forest. The site is eight miles north of the Fountain Hills NAMS station, on the edge of a Class I Wilderness Area. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High 2001 0.102 0 0.084 0 0.084 2002 0.101 0 0.089 4 0.084 2003 0.113 0 0.096 2 .083 42 Maricopa County South Phoenix Air Monitoring Site South Phoenix (SP) (04-013-4003) Location: Central and Broadway Rd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The site was opened at its current location October 1999. The site is at the edge of a high population area, but also borders on a mixture of residential and commercial (retail stores, food establishments, and office parks) land use. The station has two high population areas (> 5000 people per square miles) north and west of the site. Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, and PM-10 (SLAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2001 3.4 0 0.098 0 0.086 1 0.078 143 0 50 2002 3.8 0 0.104 0 0.090 2 .080 137 0 * 60 2003 3.6 0 0.095 0 0.083 0 0.077 * 164 1 * 52 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 43 Maricopa County South Scottsdale Air Monitoring Site South Scottsdale (SS) (04-013-3003) Location: 2857 N. Miller Spatial Scale: Urban Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure, category (b) Site Description: The South Scottsdale site is located at the City of Scottsdale Fire Station. The area surrounding the site is residential with a density of 2500 to 5000 persons per square mile. This site is located 12 miles east of metropolitan Central Phoenix. Carbon Monoxide, (SLAMS) Ozone, NO2 , SO2 , and PM-10 (all NAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) Max. 24-hr SO2 Avg. (PPM) Number of Exceedances Annual SO2 Avg. (PPM) 2001 3.2 0 0.102 0 0.089 1 0.077 110 0 33 0.021 0.006 0 0.002 2002 3.0 0 0.102 0 0.087 1 0.078 64 0 37 0.024 0.004 0 0.002 2003 2.3 0 0.107 0 0.097 3 0.078 * 172 0 36 # 0.005 0 0.002 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% Data Recovery 44 Maricopa County Surprise Air Monitoring Site Surprise (SU) (04-013-4007) Location: 18600 N. Reems Rd Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The site is located at the City of Surprise Fire and Police Station #2. The site is at the edge of a growing population area in the northwest valley. The land use around the site consists of high-density housing, subdivisions of single family homes and light commercial (strip malls). The site started operations November 2000. Due to power and access problems the site was permanently shut down as of July 16, 2003 and moved 2.3 miles southeast to the Dysart Site (04-013-4010). Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, and PM-10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2001 1.2 0 0.093 0 0.073 0 NA 107 0 27 2002 1.2 0 0.098 0 0.083 0 NA 81 0 32 2003 1.2 0 0.088 0 .079 0 # 42 0 # * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% data recovery 45 Maricopa County Tempe Air Monitoring Site Tempe (TE) (04-013-4005) Location: Apache Blvd. & College Ave. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Scale Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The site was established in 2000. The site was established to fill in a spatial gap between the metropolitan Phoenix area and the city of Mesa. Ozone (SPM), Carbon Monoxide (SPM), and Nitrogen Dioxide (SPM) are monitored at the site. The NO2 monitor was shutdown as of June 2002 because of the availability of calibration equipment (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) 2001 3.3 0 0.099 0 0.088 1 NA .022 2002 3.4 0 0.100 0 0.086 2 0.079 # 2003 2.9 0 0.109 0 0.086 1 0.079 # # Indicates <75% data recovery 46 Maricopa County West Chandler Air Monitoring Site West Chandler (WC) (04-013-4004) Location: Frye Rd & Ellis Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Scale Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: This site was set up in January 1995. The site was moved to its current location in May 2000. The site is located ½ mile south of the pervious site. A wide range of land uses surrounds the site. They include residential, agriculture, and heavy industry (semi conductor plants and liquid air storage). Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, and PM-10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS site. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2001 2.2 0 0.105 0 0.086 1 NA 135 0 34 2002 2.2 0 0.110 0 0.094 2 NA 80 0 39 2003 2.6 0 0.101 0 0.082 0 0.079 * 206 2 42 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 47 Maricopa County West Forty Third Air Monitoring Site West Forty Third (WF) (04-013-4009) Location: 43 rd Ave. & Broadway Rd. Spatial Scale: Middle Scale Monitoring Objective: Maximum Concentration Site Description: Monitoring began at the site in the 2nd quarter of 2002. This site is located at a Maricopa County Department of Transportation storage lot. The site is surrounded by a combination of heavy industry and residential homes. The site has one 6-day SS HI-VOL. particulate monitor. The main purpose of the monitor is to measure maximum concentration PM-10 and to determine the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories. The sources around the site include sand and gravel operations, auto and metal recycling, landfills, paved and unpaved haul roads, and cement casting (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS section). Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 2001 not operating not operating not operating 2002 # 172 1 # 68 2003 * 157 1 * 62 # Indicates <75% data available 48 Maricopa County West Indian School Road Air Monitoring Site West Indian School Rd. (WI) (04-013-0016) Location: 3315 West Indian School Road Spatial Scale: Micro-scale Monitoring Objective: Maximum Pollutant Concentration and Impact of Significant Sources, category (a) Site Description: The site is located at the City of Phoenix, Wellness Evaluation Center. This site is used to monitor micro-scale maximum concentrations and is based on high vehicular traffic. The Average Weekday Traffic (AWT) volume past this location on Indian School Road estimates 55,000 vehicles. The site is also in close proximity to Grand Ave. and 35th Ave., which have AWT volumes of about 35,000 vehicles. Carbon Monoxide is monitored at this NAMS site. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO 2001 6.6 2002 5.5 2003 5.4 0 0 0 49 Maricopa County West Phoenix Air Monitoring Site West Phoenix (WP) (04-013-0019) Location: 3847 W. Earll Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: This site became operational in 1984. It is located about one-mile southwest of the West Indian School Road micro-scale CO monitor. The spatial scale for the West Phoenix site is neighborhood. It is located in an area of stable, high population density. Carbon Monoxide (NAMS), PM-10 (NAMS), Ozone (SLAMS), and NO2 (SLAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this site. The NO2 monitor was shutdown for several months because of the lack of calibration equipment (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) 2001 6.7 0 0.099 0 0.081 0 0.082 142 0 43 0.025 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% data available 2002 5.5 0 0.123 0 0.102 2 0.080 122 0 * 53 # 2003 6.2 0 0.099 0 0.081 0 0.078 * 158 1 46 # 50 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS Multi-gas Calibrators and NO2 Monitors MCESD continued to suffer reliability problems with our new multi-gas calibrators. We continued to work with the manufacturer and other agencies to correct the problems. Since each NO2 instrument requires a calibrator at the site, MCESD had to shut down all of the NO2 monitors for several months because of no operating calibrators. The Central Phoenix, Greenwood, South Scottsdale and West Phoenix sites were brought back online in October-November of 2003. Only the Central Phoenix and Greenwood sites were able to obtain greater than 75% data recovery for the year. To help us better maintain the NO2 network, the Tempe NO2 (Special Purpose Monitor) was shut down as of November 1, 2003. We will bring the monitor back online when we have solved our reliability problem. EPA Ozone Mapping AIRNOW website http://www.epa.gov/airnow provides real time air pollution (ozone) maps for major metropolitan areas around the United States, including the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. MCESD has participated in the program since 2001 MCESD in cooperation with ADEQ and Pinal County Air Pollution Control District has expanded the area in which the map covers. This includes sites as far east as Queen Valley, as far south as Casa Grande, and as far west as Palo Verde. This website can be used as a tool for which the public can plan their daily activities and limit their exposure to air pollution. Eight-hour average peak ozone concentration maps (Map -1) and real-time eight-hour ozone animation maps are provided. Colors on the map indicate different concentrations of ozone pollution. The one-hour average values are given in parts per billion. The eight-hour averages are converted into Air Quality Index (AQI) numbers. The AQI is based on the NAAQS. The index Map -1 was developed to convert pollution measurements into a common index that the general public can more easily understand. Different colors on the map correspond to different categories of air quality and health impacts (Table -23). Air Quality Index (Table -23) Index 0 - 50 51 - 100 Color Green Yellow Air Quality Good Moderate 101 - 150 Orange 151 - 200 201 - 300 301 - 500 Red Purple Maroon Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy Very Unhealthy Hazardous Health Impact No harmful effects expected. Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion. Active children & adults, people with respiratory disease (i.e. asthma) should limit prolonged outdoor exertion. Everyone should observe caution. Avoid prolonged outdoor exertion Avoid all outdoor exertion. Use extreme caution outdoors Everyone should avoid all outdoor exertion. 51 The animated map is updated every hour from 8am to 8pm seven days a week. Updates to the site will be made during the ozone season (April through October). Archived maps of the 2000-2003 ozone seasons are available. MCESD plans to continue with the project for the 2004 Ozone Season. Maricopa County’s Interactive Pollution Map In keeping with our mission statement of “Ensuring a Safe and Healthy Environment” MCESD has brought realtime pollution data to the Internet. All of the MCESD continuous data will be available to the public through an interactive map. The air pollutants that are available include CO, Ozone, NO2 , SO2 , and Particulates. All of the values are currently one-hour averages. The information is updated on an hourly basis at half past the hour . Data can be accessed at this web address http://www.maricopa.gov/envsvc/air/ozair_map.asp One of the major problems in providing “real-time” pollution data to a public medium is providing quality data. The data available on the Internet goes through an automated quality assurance check program before it is released; however, some invalid data can slip through. Normal quality assurance checks take between 1-3 months. Consequently, information provided at this site should be used for informational purposes only and should not be relied on for comparison with NAAQS. Salt River PM -10 Study The Metropolitan Phoenix Area, which has not attained the annual or 24-hr standards for PM-10, is under a State Implementation Plan (SIP) to achieve this standard by 2006 (MAG, 1999) for all monitoring sites. This plan included a technical analysis of the elevated 24-hour PM10 concentrations recorded in the Salt River PM10 Study area in southwest Phoenix. Since monitoring began in 1994, the Salt River PM10 monitoring site near 19th Avenue and Lower Buckeye Road has recorded violations of the 24-hour and annual PM10 standard every year. The site was supposed to attain the standard by 1998. The fact that it did not achieve the standard has led the EPA to take action. This Study Area action came in the form of a SIP call in December 2001. This “SIP call” means that the State must submit within 18 Durango months a demonstration that the Monitor 24-hr PM10 standard can be attained by the end of 2006. Salt 43 rd River An additional issue concerns Ave. the historical Salt River monitoring site itself, which had been located on City of Phoenix property. The site was relocated from its original location in the southeast corner of the compound to a site closer to the center part of the compound in January 2002. After the study, the site was discontinued altogether at the end of year. Removal of the site (Fig. 1) had been requested by the City N 52 due to substantial construction on and near the property. Efforts to find a suitable replacement site with comparable PM10 concentrations and industrial emissions were conducted by the MCESD and staff from the Assessment Section of ADEQ. Such a site was identified and established, with the name of “West 43rd Avenue.” (Fig. 1) MCESD has agreed to long-term PM-10 data collection at this site as a component of the SIP. As part of this SIP demonstration, the Assessment Section has shown that the PM10 concentrations and source contributions between this new site and the Salt River site are equivalent. You can visit the following websites to obtain more information on proposed revisions to ADEQ Plan for Attainment of the 24-Hour PM10 Standard for the Maricopa County PM10 Non-attainment Area. • http://www.adeq.state.az.us/environ/air/plan/download/srsip.pdf • http://www.adeq.state.az.us/environ/air/plan/download/finaltsd.pdf To become involved in the Salt River Study Area plan revision stakeholder process in 2004, please contact: Catherine Jordan Evaluation of Ozone Network for the New Eight-Hour Standard Since the EPA will soon be implementing the new eight-hour ozone standard, environmental agencies around the Phoenix Metropolitan Area held a workshop in 2000 on modifying the existing ozone network. ADEQ provided several suggestions on modifying the network to maximize coverage and better utilize resources. Some of the major ideas for the MCESD ozone network are as follows: 1. The Lake Pleasant site should be moved to the Cave Creek area to better monitor ozone formation. 2. The Emergency Management site should be shutdown because it was determined to be redundant. 3. The Mesa ozone monitor should be shutdown because it was determined to be redundant. 4. An ozone monitor should be established in the area around the old Perryville site (west valley). 5. The Roosevelt Lake ozone monitor should be reestablished in the Cave Creek Area. 6. An ozone monitor should be established in the Gila Bend area southwest of the Phoenix Metro Area. MCESD has moved the Lake Pleasant site to The Cave Creek Recreational Area. The Emergency Management site was shutdown in 2001. The Mesa ozone monitor was shut down as of November 1, 2002 to help conserve our resources. There is another ozone monitor three miles to the west at the Tempe site. MCESD will establish a new site in the town of Buckeye (far west Valley) in 2004. To help conserve resources the Maryvale site (04-013-3006) will be shut down and moved to the Buckeye area. An NO2 monitor will also be installed at the site to monitor the impacts of the new power plants in the area. POLLUTION TRENDS The following charts are three-year trends for the criteria pollutants: 53 Carbon Monoxide Maricopa County 2001-2003 8-hr Avg. Carbon Monoxide Maximum Values. PPM 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 2001 2002 2003 Standard 9.0 3 2 1 0 CP DY GL GR MA ME NP SP SS SU TE WC WI WP (Chart -1) Ozone Maricopa County 2001-2003 1-hr Avg. Ozone Maximum Values. 0.140 0.120 PPM 0.100 2001 0.080 2002 2003 0.060 Standard 0.125 0.040 0.020 0.000 BP CC CP DY FF FH GL HM MA NP PP RV SP SS SU TE WC WP (Chart –2) 54 Maricopa County 2001-2003 Ozone 4th high 8-hr Avg. 0.100 PPM 0.090 0.080 0.070 2001 0.060 2003 0.050 Standard <0.085 2002 0.040 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.000 BP CC CP FF FH GL HM MA NP PP RV SP SS TE WC WP (Chart –3) Particulates Maricopa County 2001-2003 PM-10 24-hr Avg. Maximum Values 300 ug/m3 250 2001 200 2002 150 2003 100 Standard <155 50 0 CP CH DC DY GL GR HI MA ME NP SP SS SU WC WF WP (Chart – 4) 55 Maricopa County 2001-2003 PM-10 Annual Avg. 80 70 ug/m3 60 2001 50 2002 2003 Standard < 50 40 30 20 10 0 CP CH DC GL GR HI MA ME NP SP SS WC WF WP (Chart – 5) Sulfur Dioxide Maricopa County 2001 - 2003 Sulfur Dioxide Annual Avg. 0.035 0.03 0.025 PPM 2001 0.02 2002 2003 0.015 Standard 0.03 0.01 0.005 0 CP SS (Chart – 6) 56 Nitrogen Dioxide Maricopa County 2001-2003 Nitrogen Dioxide Annual Average Readings 0.06 0.05 PPM 0.04 2001 2002 0.03 2003 Standard 0.053 0.02 0.01 0 CP GR SS TE WP (Chart – 7) 57 Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym or Abbreviation ADEQ ADOT CFR Class I CO Delta T EPA HAPs km m MCESD µg/m3 NAAQS NAMS NO2 NOX O3 Pb PM PM-2.5 PM-10 PPB PPM SIP SLAMS SO2 SPM TEOM TSP USFS VOC Definition Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Arizona Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations Federally designated park or wilderness area with mandated visibility protection Carbon monoxide Difference between two levels of temperature measurements U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Hazardous air pollutants Kilometers Meters Maricopa County Environmental Services Department Microgram per cubic meter National Ambient Air Quality Standards National Air Monitoring Station Nitrogen dioxide Sum of NO and NO 2 Ozone Lead Particulate matter Particulate matter < 2.5 microns Particulate matter < 10 microns Parts per billion Parts per million State implementation plan State and local air monitoring station Sulfur dioxide Special purpose monitor Tapered element oscillating Microbalance Total suspended particulate U.S. Forest Service Volatile organic compounds 58 REFERENCES 1. Phase 1 Recommendations for Maricopa County Air Quality Monitoring Network, Final Report, AV-R93/6008, Aero-Vironment, Inc., Monrovia, CA, March 1993 2. Phase II Recommendations for Maricopa County Air Quality Monitoring Network, AV-R-93/6025, AeroVironment, Inc., Monrovia, CA, March 1993 3. Air Quality Modeling of Carbon Monoxide Concentrations in Support of the Federal Implementation Plan for Phoenix, AZ, SYSAPP-93/039, Systems Application International, San Rafael, CA, April 30, 1993. 4. Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 40, Part 58, Appendix D, 1997. 5. Maricopa Association of Governments, Transportation Planning Office, Average Weekday Traffic Analysis for 1998 (Map dated August 1999). 6. Maricopa Association of Governments, Total Resident Population Density, 1994, by Traffic Analysis Zone (Map dated 1998). 7. http://www.adeq.state.az.us/environ/air/plan/index.html 8. http://www.epa.gov/rgytgrnj/programs/artd/air/quality/quality.htm 9. http://www.maricopa.gov/sbeap/airday.htm 10. http://www.maricopa.gov/sbeap/AIR_MONI.HTM 11. http://www.epa.gov/empact 12. http://www.epa.gov/oar/aqtrnd00/sixpoll.html 13. MCESD 2001 Network Review (http://www.maricopa.gov/envsvc/AIR/AIRDAY/review1a.pdf) 14. SLAMS / NAMS / PAMS Network Review Guidance--EPA-454/R-98-003 15. Guideline on data handling conventions of the PM NAAQS 59