Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Statistical Analysis Center Publication Our mission is to sustain and enhance the coordination, cohesiveness, productivity and effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System in Arizona 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment May, revised 2011 ARIZONA CRIMINAL JUSTICE COMMISSION Chairperson RALPH OGDEN Yuma County Sheriff Vice-Chairperson DANIEL G. SHARP, Chief Oro Valley Police Department JOHN R. ARMER Gila County Sheriff JOSEPH ARPAIO Maricopa County Sheriff DUANE BELCHER, Chairperson Board of Executive Clemency DAVID K. BYERS, Director Administrative Office of the Courts CLARENCE DUPNIK Pima County Sheriff ROBERT C. HALLIDAY, Director Department of Public Safety TOM HORNE Attorney General ROBERT HUDDLESTON, Chief Casa Grande Police Department BARBARA LAWALL Pima County Attorney BILL MONTGOMERY Maricopa County Attorney CHARLES RYAN, Director Department of Corrections DAVID SANDERS Pima County Chief Probation Officer LINDA SCOTT Former Judge GEORGE E. SILVA Santa Cruz County Attorney CARL TAYLOR Coconino County Supervisor Mayor VACANT Police Chief VACANT JOHN A. BLACKBURN, JR. Executive Director MICHELLE NEITCH Research Analyst PHILLIP STEVENSON Director, Statistical Analysis Center JOY LITZENBERGER Research Analyst Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Research Methods 2 Threat Assessment Survey Results 3 Statewide Results Total Gang Membership Level of Gang Activity Over Time Gang Involvement in Crimes and Drugs Level of Activity by Gang Level of Gang Coordination Use of Technology Community Response to Gangs Most Effective Gang Responses Task Force Involvement 3 3 3 5 7 9 9 10 10 10 County Results Total Gang Membership Level of Gang Activity Over Time Gang Involvement in Crimes and Drugs Level of Gang Activity by Gang Level of Gang Coordination Use of Technology Community Response to Gangs Most Effective Gang Responses Task Force Involvement 12 12 14 18 46 61 62 64 65 66 Conclusion 67 Appendix A: Gangs Reported by County 68 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Executive Summary In the summer of 2008, the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission’s Statistical Analysis Center surveyed law enforcement officers in Arizona regarding gangs and gang activity in their jurisdictions. The survey used for the Arizona gang assessment was based upon the National Gang Threat Assessment conducted by the National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations in partnership with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Drug Intelligence Center, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Firearms, and Explosives. The survey was designed to obtain, from law enforcement, information about the gangs in their jurisdiction and their level of activity. This report provides results for the state and the 14 counties where gangs were reported to be active.1 Findings  Gangs were reported to be active in 69 of the 99 jurisdictions that responded to the survey. Of the agencies that reported active gangs, 56 provided estimates of the number of gang members in their jurisdiction. These agencies reported a total of 25,376 active gang members across Arizona.  Close to 65 percent of agencies reported that gangs were expanding their membership and scope of activities. The majority of agencies also reported that gang activity has increased over the short term (i.e., the past six months) and over time (i.e., the last five years).  Assault was listed by nearly 70 percent of agencies as the primary crime being committed by gangs. One-third of agencies also reported gangs being actively involved in burglary in their jurisdiction. Additionally, 41.2 percent of agencies reported that gangs have a high level of involvement in the distribution of marijuana and 23.5 percent reported high involvement of gangs in the distribution of methamphetamine.  Over three-quarter of the agencies reported that gangs were using technology to communicate and 40 agencies specifically mentioned MySpace/Facebook social networking sites as the primary form of technology used to communicate, followed by cell phones, which were mentioned by 21 agencies.  When asked about the strategies that were most effective in responding to gangs, enforcement and contact/additional patrol were the most reported strategies by the agencies. More than half of the agencies reported that they participate in a multi-agency effort and 12 percent reported that they lead a multi-agency task force. The Gang and Immigration Intelligence Team Enforcement Mission was the most frequently reported multi-agency task force in which respondents are involved. Of those agencies that did not report participating in a task force, many reported that they would like to participate but couldn’t because of lack of manpower and/or funding. 1 All responding agencies in La Paz County reported that there was no gang activity in their jurisdiction. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 1 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Introduction During the summer of 2008, the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission’s (ACJC) Statistical Analysis Center (SAC) surveyed law enforcement officers in Arizona regarding their perceptions and experience with gangs, gang members, and gang activity in their jurisdictions. This report examines and summarizes the results from the survey and fulfills the requirements set out in Arizona Revised Statute (ARS) §41-2416, which requires ACJC to conduct an annual survey that measures the prevalence of gang activity in Arizona, when monies are specifically appropriated for that purpose. Although no funds were specifically appropriated for this assessment, gangs and gang activity present significant challenges to Arizona’s criminal justice system and are a threat to public safety in Arizona. For these reasons, ACJC continues to collect this information using existing resources. Research Methods Since 1990, ACJC has administered a gang survey to state, county, tribal, and local law enforcement agencies in Arizona. In the summer of 2007, the Arizona Gang Survey was replaced by the Arizona Gang Threat Assessment based on feedback from the law enforcement community in Arizona who requested a more in-depth analysis of current threats posed by gangs. The Arizona Gang Threat Assessment was modeled after the National Gang Threat Assessment. The national assessment is a project of the National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations in partnership with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the National Drug Intelligence Center and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. The first national assessment was conducted in 2005, with surveys being sent out to hundreds of gang investigators across the nation. The current Arizona Gang Threat Assessment was distributed to 113 law enforcement agencies throughout Arizona in the summer of 2008. The survey was designed to gather information on gangs, gang activity, and other pertinent information to determine the threat to public safety posed by gangs. Surveys were sent to all 15 county sheriff’s offices, 74 municipal law enforcement agencies, six marshals, and 18 tribal police departments. Of the 113 surveys distributed, 99 (87.6 percent) of the surveys were returned. A total of 93.3 percent of sheriffs, 89.2 percent of municipal law enforcement agencies, 100 percent of marshals, and 72.2 percent of tribal police departments returned surveys. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Threat Assessment Survey Results Statewide Results Total Gang Membership Of the 99 agencies that responded to our request Table 1: Number of Law Enforcement Agencies that for information on gangs and gang activity, 69.7 Reported Gangs, 2007 and 2008 2007 2008 percent (69 agencies) reported that there were Number Percent Number Percent gangs in their jurisdiction. This is a slight increase 57 62.0% 69 69.7% from the 62 percent of agencies that reported Yes 33 35.9% 30 30.3% there were gangs in their jurisdiction in the No 2 2.2% 0 0.0% previous year (Table 1). Of the agencies that Unsure/Don't know responded that there were gangs in their jurisdiction, together they estimated 25,376 active gang members in their jurisdictions. Thirteen of the agencies reporting gang activity were not able to provide an estimated number of gang members in their jurisdiction. The number of gang members is a conservative estimate of the number of gang members in Arizona because of the inability of some agencies to provide estimates, others not responding to the survey at all, and the likelihood that some gang members have not yet come to the attention of law enforcement. In contrast, there were 13,319 sworn officers working for local, county, and state law enforcement agencies in 2008.2 Level of Gang Activity Over Time Agencies that reported gangs or gang members in their jurisdiction were asked to rate the level of gang activity in their region and if membership and gang activities were expanding. When asked whether gangs in their area were expanding their numbers and scope of activities, approximately 65 percent reported that gangs in their jurisdictions were Table 2: Percentage of Jurisdictions expanding their membership and scope of activities (Table Reporting Expanding Gang Membership 2). The percentage of jurisdictions that saw increases in the And/Or Scope of Gang Activities (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) number of gang members and scope of activity in 2008 is 2007 2008 virtually unchanged from the 2007 survey. When considering Yes 65.5% 64.5% only the six months prior to the assessment, 37.3 percent of No 27.3% 29.0% agencies reported that the level of gang activity in their Unsure/Don't know 7.3% 6.5% jurisdiction had increased slightly. Close to half of the Total Responses 55 62 agencies reported that gang activity increased slightly over the preceding 12 months and just over 40 percent reported that gang activity has increased significantly over the past five years (Figure 1). 2 Crime in Arizona, 2008. Arizona Department of Public Safety. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 3 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Figure 1 Level of Gang Activity Over Time Percent of Agencies 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.9 40.0 20.0 44.8 37.3 33.3 34.3 29.9 20.9 20.9 18.2 6.0 4.5 7.6 0.0 Increased Significantly Increased Slightly 6 Months 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment No Change 12 Months Decreased Slightly 1.5 0.0 0.0 Decreased Significantly 5 Years 4 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Gang Involvement in Crimes and Drugs Table 3: Primary Crimes Committed by Gangs (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) 2007 2008 Number Percent Number Percent Crime of of of of Agencies Agencies Agencies Agencies Assault 39 69.6% 43 68.3% Burglary 21 37.5% 21 33.3% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 13 23.2% 18 28.6% Drugs - street sales 14 25.0% 15 23.8% Criminal Damage 13 23.2% 14 22.2% Theft 14 25.0% 12 19.0% Drugs 24 42.9% 11 17.5% Robbery 7 12.5% 11 17.5% Murder 6 10.7% 9 14.3% Auto Theft 9 16.1% 8 12.7% Intimidation/Extortion 6 10.7% 8 12.7% Narcotics 2 3.6% 8 12.7% Threats 5 8.9% 8 12.7% Drive-By Shootings 5 8.9% 7 11.1% Drug Trafficking 3 5.4% 6 9.5% Possession of Drugs 4 7.1% 5 7.9% Property Crimes Offenses 2 3.6% 4 6.3% Alcohol N/A N/A 3 4.8% DUI 1 1.8% 3 4.8% Home Invasions 2 3.6% 3 4.8% Weapons 10 17.9% 3 4.8% Human Trafficking 2 3.6% 2 3.2% Sexual Assault/Rape N/A N/A 2 3.2% Trafficking of Stolen Property Underage Drinking Disorderly Conduct Domestic Violence Kidnapping Larceny Public Intoxication Shoplifting Violence Number of Agencies Responding N/A N/A 2 3.2% 1 2 N/A N/A 1 1 1 N/A 1.8% 3.6% N/A N/A 1.8% 1.8% 1.8% N/A 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3.2% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 56 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Agencies were also asked to report the primary crimes committed by gangs in their jurisdiction (Table 3). This was an open-ended question where the respondents were asked to list the crimes that were being committed by gangs in their jurisdiction with no limit to the number or type of crimes they could report. Assault was reported as a primary gang crime by more than twothirds of agencies (68.3 percent) followed by burglary (33.3 percent), and vandalism /graffiti/tagging (28.6 percent). The responses to this question are fairly similar to the 2007 responses with the exception of the drugs and weapons crime categories, both of which were reported by considerably more agencies in 2007 than in 2008. 63 5 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Agencies were also asked to rate the level of gang involvement in crime overall and 18 specific crimes in their jurisdictions. Agencies were given five choices to rate the level of gang involvement in each type of crime: high, moderate, low, none, and unknown. The crime type with the largest percentage of agencies reporting high gang involvement in both 2007 and 2008 was vandalism/graffiti/tagging, followed by felonious assault (Table 4). Conversely, for arson and prostitution, half of the agencies reported that gangs were not involved in these crimes in their jurisdiction. While the previous table revealed that more than two-thirds of agencies reported assault as the primary crime committed by gangs, table four shows that only 25.4 percent of agencies reported that gangs had a high involvement in felonious assaults. This difference is likely due to agencies including all assaults when responding to the previous question, but restricting their responses, as directed, to felonious assaults in the question that followed. Table 4: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) High Vandalism/ Graffiti/ Tagging Felonious Assault Robbery Overall Burglary Intimidation/ Extortion Identity Theft Auto Theft Murder Firearms Trafficking Fraud Prostitution Kidnapping Human Trafficking Sexual Assault/Rape Arson Moderate Low None Unknown Total Responses 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 38.6% 51.5% 49.1% 29.4% 7.0% 13.2% 3.5% 2.9% 1.8% 2.9% 57 68 22.8% 25.4% 33.3% 29.9% 29.8% 20.9% 7.0% 10.4% 7.0% 13.4% 57 67 8.9% 14.3% 14.0% 14.7% 13.2% 11.8% 23.2% 40.5% 50.9% 16.2% 41.5% 38.2% 42.9% 38.1% 15.8% 42.6% 41.5% 27.9% 12.5% 7.1% 5.3% 16.2% 1.9% 8.8% 12.5% 14.0% 10.3% 1.9% 13.2% 56 42 57 68 53 68 14.3% 10.3% 32.1% 38.2% 33.9% 25.0% 5.4% 8.8% 14.3% 17.6% 56 68 12.3% 17.9% 3.6% 7.4% 6.0% 6.0% 22.8% 30.4% 7.1% 11.8% 28.4% 13.4% 19.3% 30.4% 46.4% 23.5% 32.8% 28.4% 15.8% 7.1% 30.4% 23.5% 17.9% 32.8% 29.8% 14.3% 12.5% 33.8% 14.9% 19.4% 57 56 56 68 67 67 8.9% 5.9% 23.2% 14.7% 35.7% 30.9% 12.5% 20.6% 19.6% 27.9% 56 68 3.5% - 3.0% 2.9% 1.5% 19.3% 3.6% 1.8% 10.6% 2.9% 4.4% 35.1% 19.6% 44.6% 22.7% 7.4% 17.6% 14.0% 41.1% 33.9% 27.3% 50.0% 48.5% 28.1% 35.7% 19.6% 36.4% 36.8% 27.9% 57 56 56 66 68 68 1.9% - 11.1% 19.4% 24.1% 16.4% 25.9% 28.4% 37.0% 35.8% 54 67 - - 3.6% 11.8% 50.0% 20.6% 17.9% 36.8% 28.6% 30.9% 56 68 - - 3.6% - 21.4% 17.9% 41.1% 50.7% 33.9% 31.3% 56 67 In addition to the level of gang involvement by crime type, agencies were also asked to rate gangs’ involvement in the distribution of various drugs (Table 5). Approximately 20 percent of agencies reported that gangs had a high involvement in drug street sales, with an additional 44.1 percent reporting a moderate level of gang involvement. Approximately 10 percent of agencies reported a high level of gang involvement in the wholesale of drugs and 4.4 percent reported a high level of gang involvement in the manufacturing of drugs. Responding agencies reported the highest level of involvement by gangs in the distribution of marijuana (41.2 percent) and methamphetamine (23.5 percent). Agencies reported that gangs had the lowest level of involvement in distributing MDMA and heroin. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 6 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Table 5: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) High Drugs – Street Sales Drugs Wholesale Drugs Manufacture Marijuana Methamphetamine Crack Cocaine Pharmaceuticals Powdered Cocaine Heroin MDMA (Ecstasy) and other analogs Moderate Low None Unknown Total Responses 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 26.3% 20.6% 43.9% 44.1% 22.8% 19.1% 1.8% 2.9% 5.3% 13.2% 57 68 10.5% 10.6% 21.1% 16.7% 40.4% 30.3% 5.3% 12.1% 22.8% 30.3% 57 66 3.6% 4.4% 3.6% 5.9% 41.1% 22.1% 19.6% 33.8% 32.1% 33.8 56 68 36.8% 41.2% 42.1% 26.5% 15.8% 13.2% 1.8% 4.4% 3.5% 14.7% 57 68 29.8% 23.5% 36.8% 35.3% 24.6% 17.6% 3.5% 5.9% 5.3% 17.6% 57 68 12.3% 13.2% 17.5% 11.8% 40.4% 25.0% 8.8% 23.5% 21.1% 26.5% 57 68 5.4% 6.0% 10.7% 13.4% 32.1% 19.4% 16.1% 22.4% 35.7% 38.8% 56 67 3.6% 5.9% 16.1% 19.1% 50.0% 36.8% 7.1% 14.7% 23.2% 23.5% 56 68 7.4% 5.8% 16.7% 15.9% 38.9% 39.1% 14.8% 11.6% 22.2% 27.5% 54 69 3.6% 1.4% 3.6% 13.0% 42.9% 20.3% 21.4% 24.6% 28.6% 40.6% 56 69 Level of Activity by Gang Responding agencies were asked to rate the level of activity in their jurisdictions of 26 specific gangs. The gangs were chosen for inclusion in the Arizona assessment because they correspond to the gangs listed in the National Gang Threat Assessment. When agencies were asked to rate the level of activity by each gang, agencies reported high levels of activity for nine of the 26 gangs (Table 6). The gangs that were reported to have high levels of activity in the most jurisdictions in 2008 were the Bloods (18.8 percent), Crips (17.9 percent), and Hispanic Sureños/SUR 13 (17.6 percent). Although these three gangs were also reported to have high levels of activity in 2007, the order was different from 2008. In 2007 agencies reported a high level of activity for the Hispanic Sureños/SUR 13 (19.6 percent of jurisdictions), Bloods (17.9 percent of jurisdictions), and Crips (14.3 percent of jurisdictions). 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 7 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Table 6: Level of Activity by Gang (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) High 2007 2008 Bloods (all 17.9% 18.8% sets) Crips (all 17.9% 14.3% sets) Hispanic Sureños (SUR 19.6% 17.6% 13) Neighborhood -based Drug 13.0% 10.9% Trafficking Groups/Crews Aryan * 7.4% Brotherhood Mexican 7.2% 7.1% Mafia/La Eme Hells Angels 4.3% 3.5% OMG Skinheads 3.5% 4.3% Hispanic 1.5% 3.6% Norteños (14) Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Border Brothers Bandidos OMG 18th Street Gang Gangster 1.8% Disciples Outlaws OMG Latin Kings Black Gangster 3.6% Disciples La Nuestra Familia Vice Lords La Raza UBN Pagans OMG Texas Syndicate Asian Gangs (all sets) Almighty P Stone Nation Mexikanemi (Texas Mexican Mafia) *Aryan Brotherhood was added to the Moderate Low Not Applicable Unknown Total Responses 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 19.6% 14.5% 28.6% 26.1% 28.6% 40.6% 5.4% - 56 69 25.0% 20.9% 25.0% 25.4% 28.6% 32.8% 7.1% 3.0% 56 67 25.0% 35.3% 23.2% 22.1% 30.4% 14.7% 1.8% 10.3% 56 68 23.6% 18.8% 20.0% 24.6% 30.9% 37.7% 14.5% 5.8% 55 69 * 8.8% * 39.7% * 39.7% * 4.4% * 68 19.6% 20.3% 39.3% 40.6% 23.2% 18.8% 10.7% 13% 56 69 17.5% 17.4% 42.1% 42% 33.3% 34.8% 3.5% 1.4% 57 69 21.1% 14.5% 38.6% 33.3% 31.6% 43.5% 5.3% 4.3% 57 69 9.1% 4.4% 25.5% 35.3% 52.7% 48.5% 9.1% 10.3% 55 68 - 6.0% 42.9% 40.3% 42.9% 47.8% 14.3% 6.0% 56 67 1.8% 4.5% 17.9% 19.4% 64.3% 62.7% 16.1% 13.4% 56 67 - 4.5% 5.5% 9.0% 80.0% 82.1% 14.5% 4.5% 55 67 7.1% 4.3% 23.2% 21.7% 51.8% 65.2% 17.9% 8.7% 56 69 1.8% 2.9% 18.2% 22.1% 61.8% 73.5% 16.4% 1.5% 55 68 1.8% 3.6% 1.5% 1.5% 7.3% 32.1% 13.6% 30.9% 78.2% 50.0% 77.3% 64.7% 12.7% 14.3% 7.6% 2.9% 55 56 66 68 - 1.4% 10.7% 17.4% 73.2% 76.8% 12.5% 4.3% 56 69 - - 7.1% 10.3% 71.4% 75.0% 21.4% 14.7% 56 68 1.8% 2.1% - - 5.4% 7.1% 6.4% 3.6% 10.1% 8.8% 8.2% 4.5% 78.6% 71.4% 66.0% 83.6% 82.6% 73.5% 67.2% 92.4 16.1% 19.6% 25.5% 12.7% 7.2% 17.6% 24.6% 3.0% 56 56 47 55 69 68 61 66 - - 5.5% 2.9% 81.8% 92.8% 12.7% 4.3% 55 69 1.9% - 7.4% 2.9% 79.6% 88.4% 11.1% 8.7% 54 69 - - 3.6% 1.4% 80.4% 95.7% 16.1% 2.9% 56 69 - - 7.3% 1.4% 78.2% 92.8% 14.5% 5.8% 55 69 survey in 2008. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 8 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Level of Gang Coordination Agencies were also asked if the gangs in their area were coordinating their activity with other gangs. Nearly half of agencies reported that gangs in their jurisdiction were coordinating with other gangs. Agency responses indicated that gangs were coordinating with other gangs to deal drugs and guns as well as to make money. Table 7: Gang Coordination with Other Gangs (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) 2007 2008 Yes 33.9% 48.4% No 57.1% 39.1% Unsure/Don’t Know 8.9% 12.5% Total Responses 56 64 Use of Technology Agencies were asked if technology was being used by gangs to enhance communication, and if so, what forms of technology are being used. Of the responding agencies, 76.1 percent reported that gangs are using technology, 17.9 percent reported that they are not, and six percent reported that they are unsure (Table 8). The percentage of agencies reporting that gangs were using technology remained similar in 2008 to the results from the 2007 assessment. 2007 2008 Table 8: Use of Technology to Communicate (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Yes No Unsure Responses Percent Responses Percent Responses Percent 43 75.4% 7 12.3% 7 12.3% 51 76.1% 12 17.9% 4 6.0% Total 57 67 When describing the types of Figure 2 technology being used, 40 of the agencies reported that gangs are using MySpace or Facebook to communicate with each other (Figure 2). Twentyone agencies reported the use of cell phones, 12 agencies reported the use of the Internet, eight agencies reported the use of e-mail, eight reported the use of text messages, and seven reported the use of computers to communicate. For most of the types of communication technologies, more agencies reported gangs were using various technologies to communicate in 2008 than in 2007. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 9 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Community Response to Gangs Agencies were asked to describe what the community response to the gang problem has been in their jurisdiction. The response categories described in Table 9 were developed based on the commonality of answers given by agencies. Community education/outreach and school programs had the highest number of responses in 2008 with 22 and 18 agencies reporting these respectively. Other responses for this question include denial/lack of awareness (17 agencies), task forces (eight agencies), enforcement (six agencies), and Table 9: Community Response to Gangs (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) increased coordination/communication (four 2007 2008 agencies). Community Education/Outreach 14 22 School Programs Denial/Lack of Awareness Task Forces Enforcement None Increased Coordination/Communication Complaints Graffiti Abatement Program Citizens Reporting Total Responses 19 16 5 10 5 N/A N/A 3 N/A 57 18 17 8 6 5 4 2 2 1 69 Most Effective Gang Responses Agencies were also asked which strategies have been the most effective in their jurisdiction in responding to gangs. The category with the most responses was enforcement, with 23 agencies reporting this to be the most effective strategy, followed by contact/additional patrol with 22 agencies reporting this to be an effective gang suppression strategy (Table 10). Other responses included joint Table 10: Effective Gang Interdiction, Intervention, or efforts with other agencies (10 agencies), school Suppression Strategies Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity outreach/programs (nine agencies), community 2007 2008 involvement (eight agencies), GIITEM (seven Enforcement 22 23 agencies), identification of gang members (six Contact/Additional Patrol 12 22 agencies), statistical analysis/intelligence (six Joint Efforts with other Agencies 2 10 School Outreach/Programs 9 9 agencies), gang units (five Community Involvement 7 8 agencies), and prosecution (four agencies). Task Force Involvement GIITEM Identification of Gang Members Statistical Analysis/Intelligence Gang Units Prosecution 13 6 6 5 2 7 6 6 5 4 Under the direction of the Arizona Department of Public Safety (DPS), the Gang Intelligence and Immigration Team Enforcement Mission (GIITEM) assists criminal justice agencies statewide with multi-agency collaborations for criminal gang enforcement and investigative strategies. GIITEM brings together law enforcement agencies from state, county, municipal, federal, and tribal jurisdictions in a coordinated, intelligence-driven approach to deal with gangs on a large scale. In 2006, after several years of declining resources and downsizing of operations because of state revenue shortfalls, DPS received funding to revitalize GIITEM and add to their mission combating illegal immigration and human smuggling. More specifically, GIITEM is charged with: 1) Deterring criminal gang activity through investigations, arrest and prosecution; 2) Dismantling gang-related criminal enterprises; 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 10 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission 3) 4) 5) 6) Deterring border-related crimes; Disrupting human smuggling organizations; Collecting, analyzing and disseminating gang and illegal immigration intelligence; and Providing anti-gang awareness training to communities and schools. In the 2007 and 2008 Figure 3 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment, agencies Task Force Participation Percent of Agencies were asked if they 100.0% participate in a multi90.0% 80.0% agency task force and if 70.0% they lead a multi-agency 60.0% task force. In both 2007 50.0% and 2008 more than half 40.0% of the agencies responded 30.0% that they participated in a 20.0% multi-agency task force 10.0% and about 12 percent of 0.0% agencies reported that Lead Participate they lead a task force (Figure 3). Of those 2007 2008 agencies that went on to describe their task force participation, 25 agencies reported participation with GIITEM. Other task forces with which responding agencies were involved included the East Valley Gang Task Force, East Valley Criminal/Gang Fusion Center, Inter-Tribal Gang Task Force, Arizona Indian Country Gang Initiatives, Maricopa County Attorney’s Office Gang Task Force, FBI Violent Street Gang Task Force, and Operation Safe Streets. Of those agencies that did not report participating in a multi-agency task force many reported that they would like to, with some reporting that they have not participated because of lack of manpower and/or funding. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 11 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission County Results Responses to the gang threat assessment from Arizona law enforcement agencies were grouped by county to give a more detailed overview of local gang activity. For agencies with jurisdictions that cross county borders, the county where the majority of the population in the jurisdiction resides was used. Total Gang Membership In Apache, Coconino, Maricopa, Mohave, Navajo, Pima, Pinal, Santa Cruz, Yavapai, and Yuma counties, more than half of agencies reported that gangs or gang members were active in their jurisdiction (Table 11). La Paz County was the only county where all responding agencies reporting no gang activity in their jurisdictions. Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Total Year 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 Table 11: Gangs or Gang Members by Jurisdiction and County Yes No Unsure/Don't Know Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2 40.0% 2 40.0% 1 20.0% 3 75.0% 1 25.0% 0 2 28.6% 5 71.4% 0 3 50.0% 3 50.0% 0 3 60.0% 2 40.0% 0 4 66.7% 2 33.3% 0 1 25.0% 3 75.0% 0 2 40.0% 3 60.0% 0 0 3 100.0% 0 1 25.0% 3 75.0% 0 1 50.0% 1 50.0% 0 1 50.0% 1 50.0% 0 2 50.0% 2 50.0% 0 0 2 100.0% 0 17 81.0% 4 19.0% 0 18 81.8% 4 18.2% 0 5 83.3% 1 16.7% 0 6 85.7% 1 14.3% 0 3 75.0% 1 25.0% 0 4 100.0% 0 0 7 100.0% 0 0 5 71.4% 2 28.6% 0 5 71.4% 2 28.6% 0 8 80.0% 2 20.0% 0 2 66.7% 0 1 33.3% 2 66.7% 1 33.3% 0 5 45.5% 6 54.5% 0 7 63.6% 4 36.4% 0 2 66.7% 1 33.3% 0 5 83.3% 1 16.7% 0 57 62.0% 33 35.9% 2 2.2% 69 69.7% 30 30.3% 0 - 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Total County Total 5 4 7 6 5 6 4 5 3 4 2 2 4 2 21 22 6 7 4 4 7 7 7 10 3 3 11 11 3 6 92 99 12 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Of the 69 agencies reporting gang membership, 56 were able to estimate the number of gang members in their jurisdiction (Table 12). However, because there are several agencies unable to estimate the number of gang members in their jurisdiction, it is assumed that the total number of gang members in Arizona is much higher. A total of 25,376 gang members were reported by responding agencies, an increase from the 20,873 active gang members reported by 38 agencies in 2007. Over half (57 percent) of those gang members were reported in Maricopa County. Pima County reported the second highest percentage of all gang members by county (20 percent of state total). The remainder of the information in this section comes from the agencies that reported gang activity. Because, no gang activity was reported by responding law enforcement agencies in La Paz County, it is excluded from further analyses. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Table 12: Number of Gang Members Reported (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) 2007 2008 Apache N/A 1,046 Cochise 130 233 Coconino 200 404 Gila 12 6 Graham N/A N/A Greenlee 15 8 La Paz 35 N/A Maricopa 15,246 14,506 Mohave 615 370 Navajo 21 135 Pima 4,156 5,120 Pinal 118 1,691 Santa Cruz 200 375 Yavapai 125 914 Yuma N/A 568 Total 20,873 25,376 13 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Level of Gang Activity Over Time Table 13: Expansion of Gang Membership Numbers and Scope of Activity (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Total 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 Yes No 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 75.0% 100.0% 50.0% 100.0% 70.6% 76.5% 60.0% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 42.9% 40.0% 60.0% 50.0% 100.0% 100.0% 40.0% 50.0% 100.0% 60.0% 65.5% 64.5% 50.0% 25.0% 50.0% 29.4% 17.6% 40.0% 50.0% 50.0% 42.9% 60.0% 40.0% 33.3% 40.0% 33.3% 40.0% 27.3% 29.0% 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Unsure/Don't Know 50.0% 100.0% 5.9% 14.3% 16.7% 20.0% 16.7% 7.3% 6.5% Total 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 2 0 0 1 1 17 17 5 6 2 4 7 5 5 6 2 2 5 6 2 5 55 62 In the counties where gang activity was reported, most law enforcement agencies reported that gangs are expanding their membership and their scope of their activities (Table 13). In Cochise, Navajo, and Santa Cruz counties all responding agencies reported that gang membership and gang activity were expanding. Pima County was the only county that had more than half of the agencies report that gangs were not expanding their membership and/or activities. 14 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Most agencies that reported gang activity in their jurisdiction also reported that gang activity had increased during the six months preceding completion of the threat assessment (Table 14). In Coconino, Greenlee, Maricopa, Navajo, Pinal, Santa Cruz, and Yavapai counties all or the majority of agencies reported that gang activity increased slightly or significantly during the previous six months. For the remaining counties the majority of agencies reported that there was no change in gang activity over the past six months. In Navajo and Yuma counties, half of the agencies reported that gang activity had decreased in the past six months. Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Total 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 Table 14: Level of Gang Activity Over Time Past 6 Months by County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Increased Increased No Decreased Decreased Significantly Slightly Change Slightly Significantly 50.0% 50.0% 33.3% 66.7% 50.0% 50.0% 66.7% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 100.0% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 17.6% 41.2% 29.4% 11.8% 27.8% 44.4% 22.2% 5.6% 40.0% 40.0% 20.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 71.4% 14.3% 14.3% 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 40.0% 40.0% 20.0% 14.3% 42.9% 28.6% 14.3% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 20.0% 80.0% 57.1% 42.9% 50.0% 50.0% 40.0% 40.0% 20.0% 18.2% 41.8% 29.1% 7.3% 3.6% 20.9% 37.3% 34.3% 6.0% 1.5% 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Agencies Responding 2 3 2 3 3 4 1 2 0 1 1 1 17 18 5 6 2 4 7 4 5 7 2 2 5 7 2 5 55 67 15 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Respondents were also asked how gang activity had changed during the 12 months prior to their completing the threat assessment. In most counties, at least half of the responding law enforcement agencies reported that gang activity had increased slightly or significantly (Table 15). Maricopa, Mohave, and Pima counties were the only counties in which agencies reported that gang activity decreased slightly in the previous 12 months. No agencies reported that gang activity had decreased significantly. All reporting agencies in Graham County reported there was no change in the level of gang activity in the 12 months prior to their filling out the threat assessment. Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Total 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 Table 15: Level of Gang Activity Over Time Past 12 Months by County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Increased Increased No Decreased Decreased Significantly Slightly Change Slightly Significantly 50.0% 50.0% 66.7% 33.3% 100.0% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 100.0% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 18.8% 56.3% 12.5% 12.5% 22.2% 50.0% 22.2% 5.6% 20.0% 60.0% 20.0% 16.7% 33.3% 33.3% 16.7% 50.0% 50.0% 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 57.1% 14.3% 28.6% 20.0% 20.0% 40.0% 20.0% 20.0% 60.0% 20.0% 28.6% 42.9% 28.6% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 60.0% 20.0% 20.0% 14.3% 42.9% 42.9% 100.0% 40.0% 40.0% 20.0% 18.2% 56.4% 14.5% 9.1% 1.8% 20.9% 44.8% 29.9% 4.5% - 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Agencies Responding 2 3 2 2 3 4 1 2 0 1 1 1 16 18 5 6 2 4 7 5 5 7 2 2 5 7 2 5 55 67 16 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission More respondents reported an increase in gang activity in the five years preceding the 2008 threat assessment than in the previous six or 12 months (Table 16). In all but Cochise, Gila, and Graham counties, the majority of law enforcement agencies reported increased gang activity over the past five years. In four of the counties (Maricopa, Mohave, Navajo, and Yavapai), at least one agency reported that gang activity in their jurisdiction decreased over the past five years. Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Total 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 Table 16: Level of Gang Activity Over Time Past 5 Years by County Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity Increased Increased No Decreased Decreased Significantly Slightly Change Slightly Significantly 50.0% 50.0% 66.7% 33.3% 100.0% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 75.0% 25.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 43.8% 25.0% 18.8% 12.5% 38.9% 38.9% 11.1% 11.1% 20.0% 80.0% 33.3% 50.0% 16.7% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 14.3% 57.1% 14.3% 14.3% 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 80.0% 20.0% 42.9% 28.6% 28.6% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 40.0% 60.0% 42.9% 28.6% 14.3% 14.3% 50.0% 50.0% 60.0% 40.0% 35.2% 44.4% 13.0% 7.4% 40.9% 33.3% 18.2% 7.6% - 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Agencies Responding 2 3 2 2 3 4 1 2 0 1 1 1 16 18 5 6 2 4 7 4 5 7 2 2 5 7 2 5 54 66 17 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Gang Involvement in Crimes and Drugs by County Each agency was asked to report the primary crimes committed by gangs in their jurisdiction (Table 17). This question was an open-ended question in which respondents were asked to list the types of criminal activity in which gangs in their jurisdiction are primarily involved. Assaults (39 agencies) and burglaries (21 agencies) were the most frequently listed crimes committed by gangs. Table 17: Primary Crimes Committed by Gangs, by County Number of Agencies Within the County Reporting the Criminal Activity (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Possession of Drugs Property Crime Offenses Alcohol DUI Home Invasions - - 1 - 1 1 - N/A N/A - - 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Arizona Drug Trafficking Yuma Drive By Shootings 13 4 6 14 4 4 4 6 3 1 6 1 2 1 2 2 3 6 2 1 3 1 1 8 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 1 1 9 3 5 2 1 1 5 1 1 6 2 4 2 3 1 1 7 5 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 No agencies reported 2 2 3 - Yavapai Threats 1 1 1 1 - Santa Cruz Narcotics N/A N/A N/A 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A - Pinal Intimidation/Extortion 1 1 1 1 1 - Pima Auto Theft 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 - Navajo Murder 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 - Mohave Robbery 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 - Maricopa Drugs Greenlee Theft Graham Criminal Damage Gila Drugs – street sales Coconino Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging Cochise Burglary 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 Apache Assault 5 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 - 2 4 3 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 - 1 4 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 39 43 21 21 13 18 14 15 13 14 14 12 24 11 7 11 6 9 9 8 6 8 2 8 5 8 5 7 3 6 4 5 2 4 1 - - - 1 - 3 1 3 2 3 18 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Weapons Human Trafficking Sexual Assault/Rape Trafficking of Stolen Property Underage Drinking Disorderly Conduct Domestic Violence Kidnapping Larceny Public Intoxication Shoplifting Violence Total Respondents 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 - 2 1 - 1 - N/A N/A - - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - - N/A N/A - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - N/A N/A N/A - - 2 2 2 2 3 4 1 2 N/A 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 No agencies No agencies 1 No agencies No agencies 1 1 No agencies 17 5 18 6 1 reported 1 reported 1 reported 1 reported 1 reported 2 4 1 1 - 1 1 - - 1 - - 10 3 2 2 - - - - - 2 1 1 - 1 - - 1 - 1 - 2 1 2 2 1 - - - - - 1 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 5 1 5 6 2 2 5 6 2 4 1 56 63 Agencies that reported gang activity in their jurisdiction were also asked to report the level of gang activity as it pertains to several specific crimes provided to respondents. The following pages contain tables for each county showing the responses for each type of crime. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 19 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission In Apache County, vandalism/graffiti/tagging was the only crime for which an agency reported high levels of gang involvement (Table 18). Gangs were also reported to have moderate involvement in intimidation/extortion, burglary, and felonious assault. For the other crimes listed on the assessment, law enforcement agencies in Apache County reported low levels of gang involvement, no involvement at all, or the level of gang involvement was unknown. Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging Intimidation/Extortion Burglary Felonious Assault Robbery Firearms Trafficking Auto Theft Murder Sexual Assault/Rape Kidnapping Arson Fraud Identity Theft Prostitution Human Trafficking Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Table 18: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Apache County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 33.3% 33.3% 2007 100.0% 2008 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 33.3% 33.3% 2007 100.0% 2008 66.7% 2007 50.0% 2008 66.7% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 2008 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 66.7% 2007 100.0% 2008 33.3% 2007 50.0% 2008 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 33.3% 2007 50.0% 2008 33.3% 2007 100.0% 2008 2007 2008 - 100.0% 50.0% 50.0% - Unknown 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 50.0% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 50.0% 66.7% 33.3% 66.7% 50.0% 66.7% 66.7% 50.0% 66.7% 100.0% Total 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 - 1 2 20 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission According to all three local law enforcement agencies responding to the assessment, gangs in Cochise County are actively involved with vandalism/graffiti/tagging with one agency reporting that gangs have a high level of involvement in vandalism/graffiti/tagging in their jurisdiction (Table 19). Cochise County respondents also reported moderate involvement of gangs in assault, human trafficking, robbery, auto theft, burglary, firearms trafficking, intimidation/extortion, and murder. Gangs in Cochise County were reported to have low levels of involvement in kidnapping, and sexual assault. Table 19: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Cochise County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 100.0% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% Felonious Assault 2008 66.7% 33.3% 2007 Human Trafficking 2008 66.7% 33.3% 2007 50.0% Robbery 2008 66.7% 33.3% 2007 50.0% Auto Theft 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% Burglary 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% Firearms Trafficking 2008 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% Intimidation/Extortion 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% Murder 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 Kidnapping 2008 33.3% 33.3% 2007 Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% Arson 2008 33.3% 2007 50.0% Fraud 2008 33.3% 2007 50.0% Identity Theft 2008 33.3% 2007 50.0% Prostitution 2008 33.3% Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 - 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% - 50.0% Unknown 50.0% 100.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 33.3% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 33.3% 100.0% 33.3% 50.0% 66.7% 50.0% 66.7% 50.0% 66.7% 50.0% 66.7% Total 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 - 2 2 21 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission In Coconino County, three of the four responding agencies reported that gangs had a high level of involvement in vandalism/graffiti/tagging in their jurisdictions (Table 20). In addition, at least one law enforcement agency reported a high level of involvement of gangs in burglary, assault, identity theft, and robbery in their jurisdiction. Agencies also reported moderate involvement of gangs in intimidation/extortion, sexual assault/rape, auto theft, and fraud. Finally, responding agencies reported low or no involvement of gangs in their jurisdictions in murder, human trafficking, firearms trafficking, arson, kidnapping, and prostitution. Table 20: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Coconino County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 100.0% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 75.0% 25.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Burglary 2008 25.0% 75.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Felonious Assault 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 33.3% 33.3% Identity Theft 2008 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Robbery 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 66.7% 33.3% Intimidation/Extortion 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 66.7% 33.3% Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 100.0% Auto Theft 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 33.3% 33.3% Fraud 2008 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Murder 2008 75.0% 25.0% 2007 66.7% Human Trafficking 2008 75.0% 25.0% 2007 66.7% 33.3% Firearms Trafficking 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Arson 2008 25.0% 75.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Kidnapping 2008 75.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Prostitution 2008 75.0% Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 - 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% - Unknown 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 25.0% 25.0% Total 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 - 2 2 22 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission In Gila County neither of the two responding agencies reported that gangs had a high level of involvement in any of the listed crimes and only one agency reported a moderate level of involvement of gangs in burglary in their jurisdiction (Table 21). Table 21: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Gila County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 100.0% Burglary 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Auto Theft 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Intimidation/Extortion 2008 50.0% 2007 100.0% Robbery 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Felonious Assault 2008 50.0% 2007 100.0% Firearms Trafficking 2008 50.0% 2007 100.0% Human Trafficking 2008 50.0% 2007 100.0% Identity Theft 2008 50.0% 2007 100.0% Murder 2008 50.0% 2007 100.0% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Arson 2008 2007 100.0% Fraud 2008 2007 100.0% Kidnapping 2008 2007 100.0% Prostitution 2008 2007 100.0% Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 - 100.0% - - - Unknown 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Total 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 - 1 0 23 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Only one agency reported gang activity in Graham County in 2008; in 2007 no agencies reported gang activity in Graham County (Table 22). The one agency that did participate in the assessment reported that of the crimes listed, gangs in the jurisdiction had low levels of involvement in human trafficking and vandalism/graffiti/tagging. For the other crimes listed, the level of gang involvement was unknown. Table 22: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Graham County Agencies* (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Human Trafficking 2008 100.0% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 100.0% Arson 2008 Auto Theft 2008 Burglary 2008 Felonious Assault 2008 Firearms Trafficking 2008 Fraud 2008 Identity Theft 2008 Intimidation/Extortion 2008 Kidnapping 2008 Murder 2008 Prostitution 2008 Robbery 2008 Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 Overall Crime 2008 - - 100.0% - Unknown 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 *No agencies reported gang activity in Graham County in 2007 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 24 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Only one agency reported gang activity in Greenlee County in 2008. Of the crimes listed, the agency reported a high level of gang involvement in vandalism/graffiti/tagging (Table 23). In addition, a moderate level of gang involvement was reported for burglary. The agency also reported that gangs had no involvement in the remaining crimes with the exception of identity theft in which the level of involvement was unknown. Table 23: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Greenlee County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 100.0% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Burglary 2008 100.0% 2007 Arson 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Auto Theft 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Felonious Assault 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Firearms Trafficking 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Fraud 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Intimidation/Extortion 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Human Trafficking 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Kidnapping 2008 100.0% 2007 Murder 2008 100.0% 2007 Prostitution 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Robbery 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Identity Theft 2008 Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 100.0% - - 100.0% - Unknown 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 25 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission More than 60 percent of agency respondents in Maricopa County reported high levels of gang involvement in vandalism/graffiti/tagging and 30 percent reporting a moderate level of involvement (Table 24). More than half of the responding agencies also reported a high or moderate level of gang involvement in robbery, felonious assault, auto theft, and burglary. While gangs in Maricopa County are reported to be involved in a more diverse set of criminal activities than gangs in other jurisdictions, over half of the agencies reported no gang involvement in kidnapping, prostitution, sexual assault/rape, and arson. Table 24: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Maricopa County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 52.9% 41.2% 5.9% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 61.1% 33.3% 5.6% 2007 17.6% 29.4% 35.3% 11.8% Robbery 2008 33.3% 16.7% 44.4% 5.6% 2007 17.6% 52.9% 23.5% 5.9% Felonious Assault 2008 29.4% 35.3% 23.5% 5.9% 2007 35.3% 35.3% 17.6% 5.9% Auto Theft 2008 22.2% 33.3% 33.3% 5.6% 2007 11.8% 47.1% 23.5% 5.9% Intimidation/Extortion 2008 22.2% 22.2% 27.8% 11.1% 2007 23.5% 23.5% 23.5% 17.6% Identity Theft 2008 16.7% 16.7% 33.3% 27.8% 2007 11.8% 11.8% 58.8% 17.6% Murder 2008 11.1% 16.7% 27.8% 27.8% 2007 5.9% 23.5% 41.2% 17.6% Fraud 2008 5.9% 11.8% 23.5% 35.3% 2007 23.5% 58.8% 5.9% 5.9% Burglary 2008 5.6% 61.1% 27.8% 2007 11.8% 17.6% 52.9% 5.9% Firearms Trafficking 2008 5.6% 11.1% 38.9% 22.2% 2007 5.9% 70.6% 23.5% Kidnapping 2008 5.6% 11.1% 16.7% 61.1% 2007 11.8% 29.4% 29.4% Prostitution 2008 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 61.1% 2007 70.6% 17.6% Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 22.2% 11.1% 55.6% 2007 6.3% 31.3% 18.8% Human Trafficking 2008 5.6% 16.7% 44.4% 2007 35.3% 35.3% Arson 2008 16.7% 61.1% Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 22.2% 12.5% 33.3% 43.8% 44.4% 43.8% - Unknown 5.9% 5.9% 5.9% 5.6% 11.8% 16.7% 11.8% 5.6% 16.7% 11.8% 23.5% 5.9% 5.6% 11.8% 22.2% 5.6% 29.4% 22.2% 11.8% 11.1% 43.8% 33.3% 29.4% 22.2% Total 17 18 17 18 17 17 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 17 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 16 18 17 18 - 9 16 26 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission All responding agencies in Mohave County reported a high or moderate level of gang involvement in vandalism/graffiti/tagging (Table 25). Additionally, half of the agencies reported a high or moderate level of gang involvement in felonious assault in their jurisdictions. All responding agencies reported either low or no gang involvement in robbery, kidnapping, murder, and arson. Table 25: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Mohave County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 20.0% 60.0% 20.0% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 40.0% 40.0% 20.0% Felonious Assault 2008 33.3% 16.7% 50.0% 2007 40.0% 60.0% Intimidation/Extortion 2008 50.0% 33.3% 16.7% 2007 20.0% 80.0% Fraud 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 80.0% 20.0% Auto Theft 2008 16.7% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 80.0% 20.0% Burglary 2008 16.7% 50.0% 33.3% 2007 40.0% 20.0% 40.0% Firearms Trafficking 2008 16.7% 66.7% 16.7% 2007 60.0% 20.0% 20.0% Identity Theft 2008 16.7% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Human Trafficking 2008 16.7% 16.7% 50.0% 2007 80.0% 20.0% Robbery 2008 66.7% 33.3% 2007 80.0% 20.0% Kidnapping 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2007 60.0% 40.0% Murder 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2007 20.0% 60.0% 20.0% Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 33.3% 50.0% 2007 20.0% 20.0% 60.0% Arson 2008 16.7% 83.3% 2007 60.0% 40.0% Prostitution 2008 83.3% Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 - 100.0% 75.0% 25.0% - Unknown 16.7% 16.7% 16.7% 16.7% 16.7% Total 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 - 3 4 27 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission In 2008 the Navajo County law enforcement agencies that responded to the threat assessment reported a high or moderate level of gang involvement in vandalism/graffiti/tagging, and half of the responding agencies reported a high level of involvement in burglary (Table 26). One responding agency, but not necessarily the same agency, reported high levels of gang involvement in felonious assault, firearms trafficking, fraud, identity theft, and robbery in their jurisdiction. Three of the four agencies reported a moderate level of involvement of gangs in intimidation/extortion, and a single agency reported a moderate level of involvement in auto theft, kidnapping, murder, sexual assault/rape, and human trafficking. Table 26: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Navajo County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 66.7% 33.3% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 75.0% 25.0% 2007 33.3% 33.3% Burglary 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 66.7% Felonious Assault 2008 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Firearms Trafficking 2008 25.0% 2007 66.7% Fraud 2008 25.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Identity Theft 2008 25.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Robbery 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 33.3% 33.3% Intimidation/Extortion 2008 75.0% 25.0% 2007 66.7% Auto Theft 2008 25.0% 50.0% 2007 66.7% Kidnapping 2008 25.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Murder 2008 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 66.7% Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 100.0% Human Trafficking 2008 25.0% 2007 66.7% Arson 2008 50.0% 25.0% 2007 100.0% Prostitution 2008 25.0% Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 66.7% - 33.3% 33.3% 66.7% - Unknown 33.3% 33.3% 25.0% 75.0% 33.3% 75.0% 75.0% 33.3% 33.3% 25.0% 33.3% 25.0% 25.0% 33.3% 25.0% 75.0% 33.3% 25.0% 75.0% Total 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 - 3 3 28 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission All responding agencies in Pima County reported that gangs are highly or moderately involved in vandalism/graffiti/tagging and felonious assault in their jurisdictions (Table 27). Additionally, 75 percent of agencies reported a high or moderate level of gang involvement in intimidation/extortion, burglary, robbery, and human trafficking. Half of the responding agencies reported no gang involvement in arson and sexual assault/rape in their jurisdictions. Table 27: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Pima County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 28.6% 71.4% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 75.0% 25.0% 2007 14.3% 14.3% 71.4% Felonious Assault 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 42.9% 42.9% Intimidation/Extortion 2008 50.0% 25.0% 2007 42.9% 28.6% Burglary 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 14.3% 28.6% 14.3% Firearms Trafficking 2008 25.0% 75.0% 2007 14.3% 28.6% Prostitution 2008 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 14.3% 14.3% 28.6% Robbery 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 28.6% 14.3% 14.3% Human Trafficking 2008 75.0% 2007 14.3% 28.6% 28.6% Auto Theft 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 14.3% 28.6% 28.6% Murder 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 42.9% 14.3% Fraud 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2007 28.6% 28.6% Identity Theft 2008 25.0% 50.0% 2007 28.6% 42.9% Kidnapping 2008 50.0% 25.0% 2007 42.9% Arson 2008 25.0% 50.0% 2007 42.9% 14.3% Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 25.0% 50.0% Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 25.0% 20.0% 50.0% 60.0% 25.0% 20.0% - Unknown 14.3% 25.0% 28.6% 42.9% 57.1% 25.0% 42.9% 42.9% 25.0% 28.6% 28.6% 42.9% 42.9% 25.0% 28.6% 25.0% 57.1% 25.0% 42.9% 25.0% Total 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 3 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 - 5 4 29 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission More than half of the responding agencies in Pinal County reported that gangs had a high or moderate level of involvement in vandalism/graffiti/tagging and felonious assault in their jurisdictions (Table 28). At least half of the responding agencies also reported low or no involvement by gangs in robbery, arson, fraud, identity theft, kidnapping, and prostitution. Table 28: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Pinal County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 60.0% 40.0% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 50.0% 12.5% 25.0% 12.5% 2007 40.0% 20.0% 40.0% Felonious Assault 2008 37.5% 12.5% 12.5% 12.5% 2007 60.0% 20.0% Burglary 2008 12.5% 25.0% 25.0% 12.5% 2007 60.0% 20.0% Firearms Trafficking 2008 12.5% 12.5% 12.5% 25.0% 2007 20.0% 60.0% Murder 2008 12.5% 12.5% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 20.0% 20.0% 40.0% Intimidation/Extortion 2008 50.0% 12.5% 12.5% 2007 40.0% 40.0% Auto Theft 2008 37.5% 25.0% 12.5% 2007 40.0% 20.0% Human Trafficking 2008 37.5% 25.0% 2007 20.0% 60.0% Robbery 2008 25.0% 37.5% 25.0% 2007 40.0% 20.0% Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 12.5% 25.0% 2007 20.0% 20.0% Arson 2008 42.9% 14.3% 2007 40.0% 20.0% Fraud 2008 37.5% 12.5% 2007 20.0% 20.0% Identity Theft 2008 25.0% 25.0% 2007 20.0% 20.0% Kidnapping 2008 25.0% 25.0% 2007 40.0% Prostitution 2008 12.5% 37.5% Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 14.3% 60.0% 14.3% 40.0% 57.1% - Unknown 25.0% 20.0% 25.0% 20.0% 37.5% 20.0% 25.0% 20.0% 25.0% 20.0% 25.0% 40.0% 37.5% 20.0% 12.5% 40.0% 62.5% 60.0% 42.9% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 50.0% 60.0% 50.0% 60.0% 50.0% Total 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 7 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 14.3% 5 7 30 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Both of the responding agencies in Santa Cruz County reported that gangs had a high level of involvement in vandalism/graffiti/tagging and a moderate level of involvement in burglary in their jurisdictions (Table 29). One agency also reported a high level of gang involvement in felonious assault. Both responding agencies reported no gang involvement in arson, identity theft, and prostitution. Table 29: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Santa Cruz County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 50.0% 50.0% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 100.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Felonious Assault 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Burglary 2008 100.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Auto Theft 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Firearms Trafficking 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% Human Trafficking 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Intimidation/Extortion 2008 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Robbery 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% Fraud 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Kidnapping 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Murder 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% Arson 2008 100.0% 2007 50.0% Identity Theft 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Prostitution 2008 100.0% Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 50.0% - 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% - Unknown 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% - Total 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 2 2 31 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Of the seven agencies in Yavapai County that responded to the survey, one agency, but not the same agency, reported that gangs had a high level of involvement in each of the following crimes in their jurisdiction(s); burglary, felonious assault, intimidation/extortion, robbery, and vandalism/graffiti/tagging (Table 30). Yavapai County law enforcement agencies also reported a moderate level of gang involvement in firearms trafficking, auto theft, fraud, human trafficking, identity theft, and prostitution. Table 30: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Yavapai County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% Burglary 2008 14.3% 28.6% 14.3% 2007 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% Felonious Assault 2008 14.3% 42.9% 28.6% 2007 40.0% 20.0% Intimidation/Extortion 2008 14.3% 42.9% 28.6% 2007 60.0% 20.0% Robbery 2008 14.3% 28.6% 14.3% 2007 40.0% 20.0% 20.0% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 14.3% 57.1% 14.3% 2007 60.0% Firearms Trafficking 2008 42.9% 14.3% 2007 40.0% 20.0% Auto Theft 2008 14.3% 28.6% 28.6% 2007 60.0% Fraud 2008 14.3% 42.9% 2007 20.0% 20.0% Human Trafficking 2008 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 2007 20.0% 20.0% Identity Theft 2008 14.3% 42.9% 2007 20.0% 40.0% Prostitution 2008 14.3% 28.6% 28.6% 2007 20.0% 40.0% Murder 2008 16.7% 33.3% 2007 20.0% 20.0% Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 14.3% 42.9% 2007 20.0% 40.0% Kidnapping 2008 14.3% 42.9% 2007 20.0% 40.0% Arson 2008 14.3% 42.9% Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 - 25.0% 80.0% 75.0% 20.0% - Unknown 40.0% 42.9% 40.0% 14.3% 40.0% 14.3% 20.0% 42.9% 20.0% 14.3% 40.0% 42.9% 40.0% 28.6% 40.0% 42.9% 60.0% 57.1% 60.0% 42.9% 40.0% 28.6% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 42.9% 40.0% 42.9% 40.0% 42.9% Total 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 6 5 7 5 7 5 7 - 4 5 32 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission More than half of the responding agencies from Yuma County reported gangs had a high or moderate level of involvement in vandalism/graffiti/tagging, burglary, or intimidation/extortion in their jurisdictions (Table 31). Other crimes in which respondents reported gang involvement to be high or moderate include felonious assault, murder, and auto theft. More than half of responding agencies reported no gang involvement in arson and prostitution. Table 31: Level of Gang Involvement in Crime Yuma County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None 2007 50.0% 50.0% Vandalism/Graffiti/Tagging 2008 40.0% 40.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Burglary 2008 20.0% 40.0% 20.0% 2007 100.0% Felonious Assault 2008 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 2007 100.0% Murder 2008 20.0% 20.0% 40.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Intimidation/Extortion 2008 60.0% 20.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Auto Theft 2008 40.0% 40.0% 2007 50.0% Firearms Trafficking 2008 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 2007 Identity Theft 2008 20.0% 20.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Robbery 2008 20.0% 60.0% 2007 50.0% Human Trafficking 2008 40.0% 2007 Fraud 2008 20.0% 20.0% 2007 50.0% Sexual Assault/Rape 2008 20.0% 40.0% 2007 50.0% Arson 2008 60.0% 2007 Prostitution 2008 60.0% 2007 50.0% Kidnapping 2008 40.0% Overall Crime 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 100.0% 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% - Unknown 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 50.0% 40.0% 100.0% 60.0% 20.0% 50.0% 60.0% 100.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 50.0% 40.0% 100.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% Total 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 - 2 4 33 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs All agencies that reported gangs and gang activity in their jurisdiction were also asked questions about the level of gang involvement in the distribution of various types of illegal drugs as well as their involvement in drug street sales, wholesale, and manufacturing. In 2008, only one of three Apache County law enforcement agencies reported that gangs had a high level of involvement in the distribution of drugs (marijuana) in their jurisdiction (Table 32). Agencies also reported a moderate level of involvement by gangs in the distribution of methamphetamine and powdered cocaine. Low levels of gang involvement were reported for crack cocaine, heroin, and pharmaceuticals. Table 32: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Apache County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 100.0% Marijuana 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Methamphetamine 2008 66.7% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Powdered Cocaine 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Crack Cocaine 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Heroin 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Pharmaceuticals 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% MDMA (Ecstasy) and analogs 2008 33.3% 66.7% Table 33: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Apache County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 50.0% 50.0% Drugs - Street Sales 2008 66.7% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Total 2 3 2 3 2 3 Total 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 Additionally, Apache County agencies reported moderate levels of gang involvement in drug street sales and low levels of involvement in the wholesale of drugs (Table 33). 34 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Some of the Cochise County law enforcement agencies that responded to the assessment reported a high level of gang involvement in the distribution of marijuana, crack cocaine, and methamphetamine (Table 34). These agencies also reported a moderate level of gang involvement in the distribution of methamphetamine, ecstasy, and powdered cocaine. Table 34: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Cochise County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 50.0% 50.0% Marijuana 2008 66.7% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Crack Cocaine 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Methamphetamine 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% MDMA (Ecstasy) and analogs 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Powdered Cocaine 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Heroin 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Pharmaceuticals 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% Table 35: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Cochise County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 50.0% 50.0% Drugs – Street Sales 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 66.7% 33.3% 2007 100.0% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% Total 2 3 2 3 2 3 Total 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 Law enforcement agencies in Cochise County also reported that gangs are highly or moderately involved in the wholesale and street sales of drugs in their jurisdictions (Table 35). Only one agency reported gang involvement in the manufacture of drugs, and that involvement was low. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 35 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission All four agencies from Coconino County that responded to the assessment reported that gangs had a high level of involvement in the distribution of marijuana in their jurisdictions (Table 36). One agency also reported a high level of gang involvement in the distribution of crack cocaine, methamphetamine, pharmaceuticals, and powdered cocaine. Table 36: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Coconino County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 66.7% 33.3% Marijuana 2008 100.0% 2007 66.7% 33.3% Crack Cocaine 2008 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 2007 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% Methamphetamine 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 66.7% 33.3% Pharmaceuticals 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 66.7% 33.3% Powdered Cocaine 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 100.0% MDMA (Ecstasy) and analogs 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Heroin 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% - Table 37: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Coconino County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 100.0% Drugs – Street Sales 2008 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 100.0% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% wholesale of drugs in their jurisdiction. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Total 3 4 3 4 3 4 Total 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 2 4 In 2008, only one agency reported that gangs were highly or moderately involved in street drug sales (Table 37). Coconino County law enforcement agencies reported low levels of gang involvement in the manufacture and 36 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Gila County agencies reported that no gangs had a high level of involvement in the distribution of the drugs listed in the assessment in 2008 (Table 38). However, agencies did report a moderate level of gang involvement in the distribution of marijuana and methamphetamine. Table 38: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Gila County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 100.0% Marijuana 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Methamphetamine 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Crack Cocaine 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Heroin 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% MDMA (Ecstasy) and analogs 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Pharmaceuticals 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Powdered Cocaine 2008 50.0% 50.0% Total 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Both Gila County law enforcement agencies that responded to the Total assessment reported a 1 moderate level of 2 1 involvement by gangs 2 in the street sale of 1 drugs in their 2 jurisdictions (Table 39). Additionally, one agency reported a moderate level of gang involvement in the wholesale of drugs. Table 39: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Gila County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 100.0% Drugs – Street Sales 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 50.0% 50.0% - 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 37 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission In 2008, the only Graham County law enforcement agency that reported gangs and gang activity in their jurisdiction reported that the level of gang involvement in the distribution, manufacture or sales of drugs was unknown (Table 40 and 41). Table 40: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Graham County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2008 100.0% Crack Cocaine 2008 100.0% Heroin 2008 100.0% Marijuana MDMA (Ecstasy) and 2008 100.0% analogs 2008 100.0% Methamphetamine 2008 100.0% Pharmaceuticals 2008 100.0% Powdered Cocaine Table 41: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Graham County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown Drugs – Street Sales 2008 100.0% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 100.0% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 100.0% In 2008, the only Greenlee County law enforcement agency that responded to the assessment reported that gangs had no involvement in the distribution, manufacture, or sale of drugs (Table 42 and 43). 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 1 1 1 1 Total 1 1 1 Table 42: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Greenlee County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 100.0% Crack Cocaine 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Heroin 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Marijuana 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% MDMA (Ecstasy) and analogs 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Methamphetamine 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Pharmaceuticals 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Powdered Cocaine 2008 100.0% - Table 43: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Greenlee County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 100.0% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Drugs – Street Sales 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 100.0% - Total 1 1 1 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 38 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission In 2008, most law enforcement agencies in Maricopa County reported that gangs were highly or moderately involved in the distribution of marijuana (66.7%) and methamphetamine (55.6%). Gangs in Maricopa County were reported to be less active in the distribution of other drugs, although at least one agency reported gang involvement in the distribution of the other drugs asked about in the assessment (Table 44). Table 44: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Maricopa County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 41.2% 41.2% 17.6% Marijuana 2008 38.9% 27.8% 22.2% 5.6% 5.6% 2007 29.4% 41.2% 29.4% Methamphetamine 2008 27.8% 27.8% 27.8% 16.7% 2007 11.8% 17.6% 52.9% 5.9% 11.8% Crack Cocaine 2008 16.7% 16.7% 38.9% 11.1% 16.7% 2007 11.8% 35.3% 29.4% 5.9% 17.6% Heroin 2008 5.6% 27.8% 27.8% 11.1% 27.8% 2007 5.9% 58.8% 11.8% 23.5% MDMA (Ecstasy) and analogs 2008 5.6% 11.1% 16.7% 27.8% 38.9% 2007 18.8% 68.8% 6.3% 6.3% Powdered Cocaine 2008 5.6% 16.7% 50.0% 11.1% 16.7% 2007 5.9% 5.9% 47.1% 17.6% 23.5% Pharmaceuticals 2008 5.9% 5.9% 35.3% 52.9% Table 45: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Maricopa County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 29.4% 41.2% 29.4% Drugs – Street Sales 2008 11.1% 50.0% 22.2% 16.7% 2007 17.6% 11.8% 52.9% 5.9% 11.8% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 11.1% 11.1% 27.8% 27.8% 22.2% 2007 5.9% 47.1% 23.5% 23.5% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 5.6% 5.6% 16.7% 38.9% 33.3% Total 17 18 17 18 17 18 Total 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 16 18 17 17 Although a relatively low percentage of agencies (11.1% or less) in Maricopa County reported that gangs were highly involved in the street sale, wholesale, and manufacture of drugs, most agencies reported that gangs were involved to some degree in the sale and manufacture of drugs in their jurisdictions (Table 45). 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 39 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Table 46: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Four of the five agencies Mohave County Agencies in Mohave County that (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) responded to the 2008 Year High Moderate Low None Unknown threat assessment 2007 40.0% 40.0% 20.0% Marijuana reported a moderate or 2008 40.0% 40.0% 20.0% 2007 60.0% 40.0% high level of gang Methamphetamine 2008 20.0% 60.0% 20.0% involvement in the 2007 40.0% 40.0% 20.0% distribution of marijuana Pharmaceuticals 2008 16.7% 50.0% 33.3% and methamphetamine 2007 20.0% 60.0% 20.0% (Table 46). One agency Heroin 2008 83.3% 16.7% reported a high level of 2007 20.0% 80.0% gang involvement in the Powdered Cocaine 2008 50.0% 50.0% distribution of 2007 20.0% 60.0% 20.0% pharmaceuticals and half Crack Cocaine 2008 33.3% 50.0% 16.7% of the responding MDMA (Ecstasy) and 2007 80.0% 20.0% analogs 2008 33.3% 50.0% 16.7% agencies reported no gang involvement in the distribution of powdered cocaine, crack cocaine, and MDMA (ecstasy). Table 47: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Mohave County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 40.0% 60.0% Drugs – Street Sales 2008 33.3% 33.3% 16.7% 16.7% 2007 20.0% 80.0% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 33.3% 50.0% 16.7% 2007 20.0% 40.0% 40.0% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 16.7% 33.3% 50.0% - 47). 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Total 5 6 5 6 5 6 Total 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 Additionally, four of the six agencies reported a moderate or high level of gang involvement in drug street sales and five of the six reported moderate or low levels of gang involvement in the wholesale of drugs (Table 40 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Three of the four Navajo County agencies that responded to the survey reported moderate or high levels of gang involvement in the distribution of marijuana in 2008 (Table 48). One or more agencies also reported a moderate level of gang involvement in the distribution of methamphetamine, crack cocaine, heroin, pharmaceuticals, and powdered cocaine. Table 48: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Navajo County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% Marijuana 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% Methamphetamine 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Crack Cocaine 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Heroin 2008 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 2007 66.7% 33.3% Pharmaceuticals 2008 25.0% 75.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Powdered Cocaine 2008 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 100.0% MDMA (Ecstasy) and 2007 analogs 2008 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% Table 49: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Navajo County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 33.3% 66.7% Drugs – Street Sales 2008 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 25.0% 75.0% Total 3 4 3 4 3 4 Total 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 All four responding agencies reported gang involvement in the street sales of drugs in their jurisdictions (Table 49). Additionally, one agency reported gangs were highly involved in the wholesale and manufacture of drugs in their jurisdiction(s). 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 41 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Half or more of the responding agencies from Pima County reported a high or moderate level of gang involvement in the distribution of crack and powdered cocaine, heroin, marijuana, pharmaceuticals, and ecstasy in their jurisdictions in 2008 (Table 50). Two of the five responding agencies reported gangs were highly involved in the distribution of methamphetamine. Table 50: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Pima County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 28.6% 14.3% 42.9% 14.3% Crack Cocaine 2008 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 14.3% 42.9% 42.9% Heroin 2008 40.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 2007 14.3% 42.9% 42.9% Powdered Cocaine 2008 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 42.9% 42.9% 14.3% Marijuana 2008 20.0% 40.0% 20.0% 20.0% 2007 28.6% 42.9% 14.3% 14.3% Methamphetamine 2008 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 2007 14.3% 28.6% 14.3% 14.3% 28.6% Pharmaceuticals 2008 20.0% 60.0% 20.0% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 57.1% MDMA (Ecstasy) and 2007 analogs 2008 60.0% 20.0% 20.0% Table 51: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Pima County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 14.3% 42.9% 42.9% Drugs – Street Sales 2008 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 14.3% 14.3% 42.9% 28.6% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 57.1% 42.9% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 25.0% 75.0% - manufacture of drugs in their jurisdictions (Table 51). 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Total 7 4 7 4 7 4 Total 7 4 7 5 7 4 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 Additionally, all four agencies responding to questions regarding the sales and manufacture of drugs in their jurisdictions reported that in 2008, gangs were involved at some level in the street sale, wholesale, and 42 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Half or more of the Pinal County agencies reported moderate or high level of gang involvement in the distribution of marijuana, crack cocaine, and methamphetamine in their jurisdictions (Table 52). There is also evidence of increased gang involvement from 2007 to 2008 in the distribution of pharmaceuticals. Table 52: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Pinal County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 20.0% 40.0% 40.0% Marijuana 2008 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 40.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% Crack Cocaine 2008 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 12.5% 12.5% 2007 40.0% 20.0% 40.0% Methamphetamine 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 40.0% 20.0% 40.0% Pharmaceuticals 2008 12.5% 25.0% 12.5% 12.5% 37.5% 2007 20.0% 40.0% 20.0% 20.0% Powdered Cocaine 2008 12.5% 25.0% 37.5% 25.0% 2007 40.0% 20.0% 40.0% Heroin 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 20.0% 40.0% 40.0% MDMA (Ecstasy) and 2007 analogs 2008 37.5% 62.5% Table 53: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Pinal County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 60.0% 40.0% Drugs – Street Sales 2008 25.0% 50.0% 12.5% 12.5% 2007 40.0% 20.0% 40.0% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 28.6% 28.6% 42.9% 2007 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 40.0% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% jurisdictions (Table 53). 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Total 5 8 5 7 5 8 Total 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 Additionally, three-fourths of responding agencies reported moderate or high levels of gang involvement in the street sales of drugs, but lower levels of gang involvement in the wholesale and manufacture of drugs in their 43 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Table 54: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Of the two Santa Cruz Santa Cruz County Agencies County agencies that (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) responded to the Year High Moderate Low None Unknown assessment, one reported 2007 50.0% 50.0% Marijuana 2008 50.0% 50.0% that gangs had a high level 2007 50.0% 50.0% of involvement in the Pharmaceuticals 2008 50.0% 50.0% distribution of marijuana 2007 50.0% 50.0% (Table 54). One agency Powdered Cocaine 2008 50.0% 50.0% reported moderate levels of 2007 50.0% 50.0% Crack Cocaine gang involvement in the 2008 50.0% 50.0% distribution of 2007 50.0% 50.0% Heroin pharmaceuticals and 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% powdered cocaine. For the Methamphetamine 2008 50.0% 50.0% other drug types, agencies 2007 100.0% MDMA (Ecstasy) and reported low or no gang analogs 2008 100.0% involvement in their distribution in their jurisdictions. Table 55: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Santa Cruz County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 50.0% 50.0% Drugs – Street Sales 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 100.0% - (Table 55). 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Total 2 2 2 2 2 2 Total 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 The two responding Santa Cruz County agencies reported high or moderate gang involvement in the street sales of drugs, high or low level of involvement in the wholesale or drugs, and no involvement in the manufacture of drugs 44 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission More than half of the Yavapai County agencies that responded to the assessment reported that gangs had high or moderate levels of involvement in the distribution of methamphetamine or marijuana (Table 56). Additionally, several agencies reported that gangs were moderately involved in the distribution of powdered cocaine. Table 56: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Yavapai County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 40.0% 60.0% Methamphetamine 2008 42.9% 28.6% 14.3% 14.3% 2007 20.0% 80.0% Marijuana 2008 28.6% 42.9% 14.3% 14.3% 2007 20.0% 40.0% 40.0% Powdered Cocaine 2008 42.9% 14.3% 42.9% 2007 20.0% 80.0% Pharmaceuticals 2008 16.7% 16.7% 16.7% 50.0% 20.0% 20.0% 60.0% MDMA (Ecstasy) and 2007 analogs 2008 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 57.1% 2007 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% Heroin 2008 57.1% 42.9% 2007 40.0% 20.0% 40.0% Crack Cocaine 2008 14.3% 14.3% 71.4% Table 57: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Yavapai County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 60.0% 40.0% Drugs – Street Sales 2008 28.6% 42.9% 14.3% 14.3% 2007 60.0% 40.0% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 28.6% 28.6% 42.9% 2007 40.0% 60.0% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 14.3% 14.3% 28.6% 42.9% moderately involved in the wholesale or manufacture of drugs. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Total 5 7 5 7 5 7 Total 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 6 5 7 4 7 5 7 Most of the responding agencies from Yavapai County also reported moderate to high level of gang involvement in the street sale of drugs in their jurisdictions (Table 57). Fewer agencies reported that gangs were highly or 45 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Three of the five responding agencies in Yuma County reported a high or moderate level of gang involvement in the distribution of marijuana and methamphetamine (Table 58). Additionally, two of the five agencies reported a high or moderate level of gang involvement in heroin distribution. Table 58: Gang Involvement in the Distribution of Drugs Yuma County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 50.0% 50.0% Marijuana 2008 60.0% 40.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Methamphetamine 2008 40.0% 20.0% 40.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Heroin 2008 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 40.0% 50.0% MDMA (Ecstasy) and 2007 50.0% analogs 2008 40.0% 60.0% 2007 100.0% Pharmaceuticals 2008 40.0% 60.0% 2007 100.0% Powdered Cocaine 2008 40.0% 20.0% 40.0% 2007 100.0% Crack Cocaine 2008 20.0% 20.0% 60.0% Table 59: Gang Involvement in the Manufacture and Sale of Drugs Yuma County Agencies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low None Unknown 2007 50.0% 50.0% Drugs – Street Sales 2008 60.0% 20.0% 20.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Drugs – Wholesale 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% Drugs – Manufacture 2008 20.0% 80.0% wholesale or manufacture of drugs in Yuma County. Total 2 5 2 4 2 5 Total 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 Three of the five law enforcement agencies from Yuma County reported that gangs were moderately involved in the street sale of drugs (Table 59). No agencies reported moderate or high levels of gang involvement in the Level of Gang Activity by Gang The agencies that reported active gangs or gang members were also asked to provide each gangs level of activity in their jurisdiction. The gangs asked about in the Arizona assessment were the same as the National Gang Threat Assessment. In cases where no agencies reported high or moderate activity of a specific gang, and less than ten percent of respondents reported low activity, the gang was excluded from the county information that follows. Seven gangs fell into this category: La Raza, UBN, Pagans OMG, Texas Syndicate, Asian Gangs, Almighty P Stone Nation, and Mexicanemi (Texas Mexican Mafia). The data obtained from participating agencies suggest that these gangs do not have a significant presence in any jurisdiction in Arizona. Like previous county data sections, no table is included for La Paz County as respondents reported no gang activity in that county. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 46 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission 18th Street Gang Bloods Crips Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews Mexican Mafia/La Eme Aryan Brotherhood Gangster Disciples Hells Angels OMG Hispanic Norteños (14) Outlaws OMG Bandidos OMG Black Gangster Disciples Border Brothers La Nuestra Familia Latin Kings Mara Salvatrucha (MS13) Skinheads Vice Lords Table 60: Level of Gang Activity Apache County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low N/A 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2007 100.0% 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 100.0% 2008 33.3% 66.7% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Unknown - Total 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2008 - 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% - 3 2007 - - 50.0% - 50.0% 2 2008 - 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% - 3 2007 2008 2007 - - 2008 - - 50.0% 50.0% - 2 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 - 50.0% - 33.3% 33.3% 50.0% 33.3% - 100.0% 66.7% 50.0% 66.7% 50.0% 66.7% 100.0% - 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 50.0% 50.0% 66.7% 33.3% Not Included in 2007 Survey 2 3 2008 - - 33.3% 66.7% - 3 2007 2008 2007 2008 - - - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% - 2 3 2 3 2007 - - - 100.0% - 2 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 - - 50.0% - 100.0% 50.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 50.0% 100.0% 50.0% - 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2007 - - - 100.0% - 2 2008 - - - 100.0% - 3 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment None of the Apache County agencies that participated in the assessment reported a high level of involvement for any of the gangs listed in 2007 or 2008 assessment (Table 60). In 2008, one of the three agencies reported a moderate level of involvement of the 18th Street Gang, Bloods, Crips, Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13), and neighborhood-based drug trafficking groups/crews. One or more agencies also reported low level of activity among the Bloods, Crips, Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13), neighborhood-based drug trafficking groups, Mexican Mafia/La Eme, Aryan Brotherhood, Gangster Disciples, Hells Angels, Hispanic Norteños (14), and the Outlaws OMG. 47 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Two of the three agencies from Cochise County that responded to the assessment reported a high level of activity for the Crips, Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13), Bloods, and neighborhood-based drug trafficking groups/crews (Table 61). In addition, the Gangster Disciples and Hells Angels OMG were reported to have a moderate level of activity in at least one jurisdiction in Cochise County. All responding agencies reported that the Bandidos OMG, La Nuestra Familia, Outlaws OMG, Vice Lords, and Hispanic Norteños (14) were not present in their jurisdiction. Crips Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) Bloods Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews Gangster Disciples Hells Angels OMG 18th Street Gang Aryan Brotherhood Mexican Mafia/La Eme Latin Kings Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Skinheads Black Gangster Disciples Border Brothers Bandidos OMG La Nuestra Familia Outlaws OMG Vice Lords Hispanic Norteños (14) 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Table 61: Level of Gang Activity Cochise County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low N/A 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 66.7% 33.3% 2007 50.0% 50.0% Unknown - Total 2 3 2 2008 66.7% - 33.3% - - 3 2007 2008 33.3% - 50.0% 33.3% 50.0% 33.3% - 2 3 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 33.3% - 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% - 2008 - - 100.0% - - 3 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 - - 50.0% 100.0% 66.7% 50.0% 66.7% 66.7% 50.0% 33.3% 50.0% 50.0% 33.3% 50.0% 33.3% 50.0% 33.3% 50.0% 33.3% 50.0% 50.0% 33.3% 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2007 - - - 100.0% - 2 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 - - 33.3% - 66.7% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% - 3 2 3 2 3 2 33.3% 33.3% 50.0% 100.0% Not Included in 100.0% 33.3% 100.0% 33.3% 50.0% 50.0% 33.3% 50.0% 2007 Survey 1 3 1 3 2 3 2 3 2008 - - - 100.0% - 3 2007 - - - 100.0% - 2 2008 2007 2008 - - - 100.0% 100.0% 66.7% 33.3% 3 2 3 48 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Bloods Crips Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) Mexican Mafia/La Eme Hells Angels OMG 18th Street Gang Bandidos OMG Skinheads Aryan Brotherhood Black Gangster Disciples Gangster Disciples Hispanic Norteños (14) La Nuestra Familia Latin Kings Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Border Brothers Outlaws OMG Vice Lords Table 62: Level of Gang Activity Coconino County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low N/A Unknown 2007 66.7% 33.3% 2008 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 66.7% 33.3% 2008 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 75.0% 25.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% 2008 75.0% 25.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% 2008 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 66.7% 33.3% 2008 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% 2008 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 2007 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2008 25.0% 25.0% 50.0% 2007 Not Included in 2007 Survey 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 66.7% 33.3% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 66.7% 33.3% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 25.0% 75.0% 2007 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2008 25.0% 75.0% 2007 2008 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment - - - 100.0% 100.0% - Two Total 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 of the responding agencies in Coconino County reported that the Bloods had a high level of activity in their jurisdictions and one agency reported the Crips and neighborhoodbased drug trafficking groups/crews had a high level of activity (Table 62). Almost all of the gangs listed were reported to have some level of activity in Coconino County. The Vice Lords was the only gang reported to not have a presence by all responding agencies. 3 4 49 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission In 2008 no gangs were reported to have a high or moderate level of activity in Gila County (Table 63). Hells Angels OMG, Mexican Mafia/La Eme, and neighborhoodbased drug trafficking groups/crews were the only gangs reported to be active in Gila County and their level of activity was estimated to be low. The remaining gangs on the list were reported to not have a presence in Gila County. Hells Angels OMG Mexican Mafia/La Eme Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews 18th Street Gang Aryan Brotherhood Bandidos OMG Black Gangster Disciples Bloods Border Brothers Crips Gangster Disciples Hispanic Norteños (14) Latin Kings Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Outlaws OMG Skinheads Vice Lords Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) La Nuestra Familia 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Table 63: Level of Gang Activity Gila County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) High Moderate Low N/A 2007 100.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 50.0% 2007 - 100.0% 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 - - - - 50.0% Not Included in 100.0% 100.0% - - Unknown 50.0% - 50.0% 100.0% 100.0% the 2007 Survey 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 50.0% 50.0% Total 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 50 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Hells Angels OMG 18th Street Gang Black Gangster Disciples Bloods Crips Gangster Disciples La Nuestra Familia Latin Kings Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Skinheads Vice Lords Aryan Brotherhood Bandidos OMG Border Brothers Hispanic Norteños (14) Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) Mexican Mafia/La Eme Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews Outlaws OMG Table 64: Level of Gang Activity Graham County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) High Moderate Low N/A 2008 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 - Unknown 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2008 - - - - 100.0% 1 2008 - - - - 100.0% 1 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Only one Graham County agency responded to our survey in 2008 (Table 64). The responding agency reported a low level of activity by the Hells Angels OMG. The remaining gangs were either not active in Graham County or their level of activity was unknown. 51 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission The one Greenlee County agency that participated in the 2008 Gang Threat Assessment reported that none of the gangs listed in the survey were active in their jurisdiction with the exception of 18th Street Gang, whose level of activity was unknown (Table 65). Aryan Brotherhood Bandidos OMG Black Gangster Disciples Bloods Border Brothers Crips Gangster Disciples Hells Angels OMG Hispanic Norteños (14) Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) La Nuestra Familia Latin Kings Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Mexican Mafia/La Eme Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews Outlaws OMG Skinheads Vice Lords 18th Street Gang 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Table 65: Level of Gang Activity Greenlee County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) High Moderate Low N/A Unknown 2007 Not Included in the 2007 Survey 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 52 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) Bloods Mexican Mafia/La Eme Crips Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews Aryan Brotherhood Skinheads Hispanic Norteños (14) Hells Angels OMG Border Brothers Black Gangster Disciples Gangster Disciples Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Latin Kings 18th Street Gang Vice Lords Outlaws OMG Bandidos OMG La Nuestra Familia Table 66: Level of Gang Activity Maricopa County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) High Moderate Low N/A Unknown 2007 41.2% 17.6% 17.6% 23.5% 2008 27.8% 38.9% 27.8% 5.6% 2007 17.6% 23.5% 47.1% 11.8% 2008 22.2% 11.1% 44.4% 22.2% 2007 17.6% 11.8% 52.9% 11.8% 5.9% 2008 22.2% 22.2% 38.9% 11.1% 5.6% 2007 23.5% 29.4% 29.4% 17.6% 2008 16.7% 27.8% 44.4% 5.6% 5.6% 2007 17.6% 11.8% 23.5% 35.3% 11.8% 2008 16.7% 22.2% 33.3% 27.8% 2007 Not Included in the 2007 Survey 2008 11.1% 11.1% 38.9% 38.9% 2007 5.9% 17.6% 41.2% 35.3% 2008 11.1% 11.1% 44.4% 33.3% 2007 5.9% 11.8% 35.3% 47.1% 2008 5.6% 11.1% 38.9% 38.9% 5.6% 2007 11.8% 11.8% 35.3% 41.2% 2008 27.8% 27.8% 38.9% 5.6% 2007 5.9% 29.4% 64.7% 2008 11.1% 22.2% 50.0% 16.7% 2007 11.8% 23.5% 52.9% 11.8% 2008 5.6% 33.3% 61.1% 2007 5.9% 35.3% 41.2% 17.6% 2008 5.6% 44.4% 50.0% 2007 41.2% 47.1% 11.8% 2008 5.6% 33.3% 55.6% 5.6% 2007 5.9% 47.1% 41.2% 5.9% 2008 50.0% 44.4% 5.6% 2007 5.9% 35.3% 47.1% 11.8% 2008 27.8% 66.7% 5.6% 2007 11.8% 76.5% 11.8% 2008 22.2% 61.1% 16.7% 2007 5.9% 82.4% 11.8% 2008 16.7% 72.2% 11.1% 2007 88.2% 11.8% 2008 11.1% 83.3% 5.6% 2007 5.9% 76.5% 17.6% 2008 -5.9% 76.5% 17.6% 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Total 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 18 17 17 Unlike the other Arizona counties, every gang listed on the assessment was reported by Maricopa County agencies to be active in their jurisdictions (Table 66). Over half of the responding agencies reported a high or moderate level of activity for the Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13). Other gangs with high or moderate level of activity in 2008 include, Bloods, Mexican Mafia/La Eme, Crips, neighborhoodbased drug trafficking crews, Aryan Brotherhood, Skinheads, Hells Angels OMG, Border Brothers, Black Gangster Disciples, Gangster Disciples, and Mara Salvatrucha (MS13). 53 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Table 67: Level of Gang Activity In Mohave County, Mohave County two of the six (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) responding agencies High Moderate Low N/A Unknown Total reported a high 2007 60.0% 40.0% 5 Hells Angels OMG 2008 33.3% 16.7% 33.3% 16.7% 6 level of activity in 2007 20.0% 20.0% 60.0% 5 2008 by the Hells Bloods 2008 16.7% 16.7% 33.3% 33.3% 6 Angels OMG and 2007 20.0% 20.0% 60.0% 5 one agency Crips 2008 16.7% 16.7% 33.3% 33.3% 6 reported high levels 2007 20.0% 80.0% 5 of activity by the Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) 2008 16.7% 66.7% 16.7% 6 Bloods, Crips, and 2007 20.0% 60.0% 20.0% 5 Skinheads the Hispanic 2008 50.0% 16.7% 33.3% 6 Sureños (Sur 13) 2007 60.0% 40.0% 5 Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) 2008 16.7% 66.7% 16.7% 6 (Table 67). 2007 Not Included in 2007 Survey Additionally, Aryan Brotherhood 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 6 moderate levels of 40.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 5 activity were Neighborhood-based Drug 2007 Trafficking Groups/Crews 2008 16.7% 33.3% 50.0% 6 reported for the 2007 40.0% 20.0% 40.0% 5 Hispanic Norteños (14) Hells Angels OMG, 2008 66.7% 33.3% 6 Bloods, Crips, 2007 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 4 Mexican Mafia/La Eme Hispanic Sureños 2008 66.7% 16.7% 16.7% 6 (SUR13), Skinheads, 2007 40.0% 20.0% 40.0% 5 18th Street Gang 2008 50.0% 50.0% 6 Mara Salvatrucha 2007 40.0% 60.0% 5 (MS-13), Aryan La Nuestra Familia 2008 33.3% 66.7% 6 Brotherhood, and 2007 40.0% 60.0% 5 Latin Kings neighborhood-based 2008 33.3% 66.7% 6 trafficking 2007 100.0% 5 Vice Lords groups/crews by 2008 33.3% 66.7% 6 one or more 2007 20.0% 80.0% 5 Bandidos OMG Mohave County 2008 16.7% 83.3% 6 2007 20.0% 80.0% 5 agency. Almost all Border Brothers 2008 16.7% 83.3% 6 of the other gangs 2007 20.0% 80.0% 5 asked about in the Gangster Disciples 2008 16.7% 83.3% 6 assessment were 2007 100.0% 5 reported to have a Black Gangster Disciples 2008 100.0% 6 presence in Mohave 2007 20.0% 80.0% 5 Outlaws OMG County. The Black 2008 100.0% 6 Gangster Disciples and Outlaws OMG were the only gangs that were not reported to be active in 2008 in any of the responding agencies’ jurisdictions. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 54 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Crips Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) Aryan Brotherhood Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews Bloods Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Mexican Mafia/La Eme Hells Angels OMG Skinheads Hispanic Norteños (14) 18th Street Gang Bandidos OMG Border Brothers Latin Kings Black Gangster Disciples Gangster Disciples La Nuestra Familia Vice Lords Outlaws OMG Table 68: Level of Gang Activity Navajo County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) High Moderate Low N/A Unknown 2007 33.3% 66.7% 2008 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 2007 33.3% 66.7% 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 Not Included in 2007 Survey 2008 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 25.0% - 25.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% - not have a presence in Navajo County. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 25.0% 33.3% 25.0% 66.7% 75.0% 33.3% 50.0% 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% 25.0% - 66.7% 25.0% 66.7% 25.0% 66.7% 50.0% 66.7% 25.0% 33.3% 66.7% 25.0% 66.7% 50.0% 66.7% 75.0% 66.7% 75.0% 66.7% 50.0% 66.7% 75.0% 66.7% 100.0% 66.7% 100.0% 66.7% 100.0% 66.7% 100.0% 66.7% 75.0% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 25.0% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 25.0% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 25.0% Total 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 2 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 In Navajo County, Crips, Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13), Aryan Brotherhood, and neighborhoodbased drug trafficking groups/crews were reported to have a high level of activity in 2008 (Table 68). Additionally, the Crips, Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13), Aryan Brotherhood, neighborhood-based drug trafficking groups/crews, the Bloods, Mara Salvatrucha (MS13), Mexican Mafia/La Eme, Hells Angels OMG, and Skinheads were all reported to be moderately active by responding agencies. There were five gangs (Black Gangster Disciples, Gangster Disciples, La Nuestra Familia, Vice Lords, and Outlaws OMG) from the list provided to respondents that were reported to 55 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission In Pima County, one or more agencies reported a high level of activity for the Bloods, Crips, Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13), neighborhoodbased drug trafficking groups/crews, and the Mexican Mafia/La Eme in 2008. These same gangs were reported by other agencies to be moderately active in respondents’ jurisdictions, along with Mara Salvatrucha (MS13) (Table 69). Most of the other gangs asked about in the assessment were reported to have a presence in a Pima County jurisdiction, with the exception of the Bandidos OMG, Vice Lords, and La Nuestra Familia who were all reported to not have a presence in Pima County. Bloods Crips Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews Mexican Mafia/La Eme Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Hells Angels OMG Border Brothers Hispanic Norteños (14) 18th Street Gang Aryan Brotherhood Latin Kings Skinheads Black Gangster Disciples Gangster Disciples Outlaws OMG Bandidos OMG Vice Lords La Nuestra Familia 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Table 69: Level of Gang Activity Pima County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) High Moderate Low N/A 2007 28.6% 28.6% 42.9% 2008 60.0% 20.0% 20.0% 2007 14.3% 14.3% 57.1% 2008 40.0% 40.0% 20.0% 2007 42.9% 42.9% 14.3% 2008 40.0% 40.0% 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 14.3% 40.0% 20.0% - Unknown 14.3% 20.0% 14.3% 42.9% 14.3% 20.0% 40.0% 42.9% 42.9% 40.0% 20.0% 28.6% 28.6% 20.0% 40.0% 20.0% 42.9% 42.9% 80.0% 20.0% 14.3% 57.1% 75.0% 14.3% 14.3% 42.9% 60.0% 20.0% 14.3% 14.3% 42.9% 40.0% 60.0% Not Included in 2007 Survey 40.0% 40.0% 14.3% 57.1% 40.0% 60.0% 28.6% 28.6% 28.6% 40.0% 60.0% 14.3% 71.4% 20.0% 80.0% 14.3% 71.4% 20.0% 80.0% 85.7% 20.0% 80.0% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4% 80.0% Total 7 5 7 5 7 5 14.3% 14.3% 20.0% 42.9% 20.0% 14.3% 28.6% 25.0% 28.6% 20.0% 28.6% - 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 4 7 5 7 5 20.0% 28.6% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 28.6% 28.6% 28.6% 20.0% 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 56 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Bloods Crips Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews Hells Angels OMG Mexican Mafia/La Eme Aryan Brotherhood Border Brothers Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Skinheads Outlaws OMG Black Gangster Disciples Gangster Disciples Hispanic Norteños (14) Latin Kings Vice Lords Bandidos OMG 18th Street Gang La Nuestra Familia Table 70: Level of Gang Activity Pinal County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) High Moderate Low N/A 2007 60.0% 20.0% 2008 25.0% 37.5% 12.5% 25.0% 2007 40.0% 40.0% 2008 25.0% 37.5% 25.0% 2007 20.0% 20.0% 40.0% 2008 12.5% 12.5% 12.5% 12.5% 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 20.0% 12.5% - 40.0% 20.0% 12.5% 40.0% 12.5% - - 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 - - 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment - Unknown 20.0% 20.0% 12.5% 20.0% 50.0% 20.0% 37.5% 25.0% 20.0% 60.0% 25.0% 62.5% 40.0% 20.0% 25.0% 25.0% Not Included in 2007 Survey 37.5% 50.0% 20.0% 25.0% 60.0% 25.0% 40.0% 25.0% 14.3% 12.5% 12.5% 20.0% 12.5% 60.0% 12.5% 20.0% - 20.0% 62.5% 40.0% 62.5% 60.0% 50.0% 80.0% 71.4% 80.0% 87.5% 80.0% 87.5% 40.0% 50.0% 40.0% 75.0% 60.0% 87.5% 80.0% 85.7% 40.0% 75.0% 60.0% 75.0% Total 5 8 5 8 5 8 20.0% 25.0% 37.5% 5 8 5 8 5 8 12.5% 8 60.0% 12.5% 12.5% 25.0% 20.0% 14.3% 20.0% 20.0% 40.0% 37.5% 12.5% 40.0% 12.5% 20.0% 14.3% 40.0% 25.0% 40.0% 25.0% 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 7 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 7 5 8 5 8 Five of the eight responding agencies from Pinal County reported that the Bloods and Crips had a moderate or high level of activity in their jurisdictions (Table 70). Additionally, two agencies reported a moderate or high level for activity of the Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) and one agency reported a high level of activity of neighborhoodbased drug trafficking groups/crews. All of the Pinal County responding agencies reported that the Vice Lords, Bandidos th OMG, 18 Street Gang, and La Nuestra Familia were not active in their jurisdictions or their level of activity, if any, was unknown. 57 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Neither of the participating agencies from Santa Cruz County reported a high level of gang activity for any of the gangs listed in the assessment (Table 71). One of the two agencies reported that the Border Brothers, Hispanic Norteños (14), Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13), Mexican Mafia/La Eme, and neighborhoodbased drug trafficking groups/crews had a moderate level of activity in their jurisdiction. Both agencies reported that the 18th Street Gang, Bandidos OMG, Black Gangster Disciples, Bloods, Crips, Gangster Disciples, Latin Kings, Outlaws OMG, La Nuestra Familia, and Vice Lords were not active in their jurisdiction. Border Brothers Hispanic Norteños (14) Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) Mexican Mafia/La Eme Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Aryan Brotherhood Hells Angels OMG Skinheads 18th Street Gang Bandidos OMG Black Gangster Disciples Bloods Crips Gangster Disciples Latin Kings Outlaws OMG La Nuestra Familia Vice Lords 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Table 71: Level of Gang Activity Santa Cruz County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low N/A Unknown 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 Not Included in 2007 Survey 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% - Total 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 58 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Aryan Brotherhood Hells Angels OMG Skinheads Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) Bandidos OMG Crips Latin Kings 18th Street Gang Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews Mexican Mafia/La Eme Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Outlaws OMG Hispanic Norteños (14) La Nuestra Familia Black Gangster Disciples Bloods Vice Lords Border Brothers Gangster Disciples Table 72: Level of Gang Activity Yavapai County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low N/A Unknown 2007 Not Included in 2007 Survey 2008 28.6% 14.3% 42.9% 14.3% 2007 100.0% 2008 14.3% 14.3% 71.4% 2007 40.0% 60.0% 2008 14.3% 42.9% 28.6% 14.3% 2007 25.0% 75.0% 2008 42.9% 28.6% 28.6% 2007 66.7% 33.3% 2008 28.6% 14.3% 57.1% 2007 100.0% 2008 14.3% 14.3% 71.4% 2007 75.0% 25.0% 2008 14.3% 14.3% 71.4% 2007 75.0% 25.0% Total 7 5 7 5 7 4 7 3 7 4 7 4 7 4 2008 - 14.3% - 71.4% 14.3% 7 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 - 25.0% 14.3% 40.0% 33.3% 25.0% - 20.0% 71.4% 57.1% 33.3% 25.0% 28.6% 28.6% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 25.0% - 75.0% 85.7% 20.0% 28.6% 75.0% 28.6% 66.7% 66.7% 75.0% 71.4% 75.0% 57.1% 100.0% 71.4% 100.0% 85.7% 100.0% 71.4% 50.0% 85.7% 75.0% 85.7% 20.0% 25.0% 14.3% 25.0% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 25.0% 14.3% 14.3% 4 7 5 7 4 7 3 6 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 unknown. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment In Yavapai County, more than one agency reported a moderate or high level of involvement in their jurisdiction for the Aryan Brotherhood, Hells Angels OMG, and the Skinheads (Table 72). Additionally, agencies reported moderate to low level of involvement for the Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13), Bandidos OMG, Crips, Latin Kings, and neighborhoodbased drug trafficking groups/crews. Finally, all of the responding agencies reported that the Border Brothers and the Gangster Disciples were not active in their jurisdiction or their level of activity was 59 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission None of the Yuma County agencies responding to the assessment reported that the gangs listed had a high level of activity in their jurisdiction (Table 73). The gangs that were reported by an agency to be moderately active in their jurisdictions were the Mexican Mafia/La Eme, neighborhoodbased drug trafficking groups/crews and Outlaws OMG. All of the responding agencies reported that the Bandidos OMG, Gangster Disciples, and the Vice Lords were not active in their jurisdictions. Mexican Mafia/La Eme Neighborhood-based Drug Trafficking Groups/Crews Outlaws OMG Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13) Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) Hispanic Norteños (14) Aryan Brotherhood Hells Angels OMG Skinheads Crips Latin Kings Bloods Bandidos OMG Gangster Disciples Vice Lords 18th Street Gang Black Gangster Disciples Border Brothers La Nuestra Familia 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Table 73: Level of Gang Activity Yuma County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Year High Moderate Low N/A Unknown 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 20.0% 60.0% 20.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 20.0% 60.0% 20.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 20.0% 80.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 75.0% 25.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 60.0% 40.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 Not Included in 2007 Survey 2008 40.0% 60.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 40.0% 60.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 40.0% 60.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 25.0% 75.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 25.0% 75.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 20.0% 80.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 80.0% 20.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 80.0% 20.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 75.0% 25.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 60.0% 40.0% Total 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 5 2 4 5 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 4 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 5 60 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Level of Gang Coordination Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Total Table 74: Gang Coordination with Other Gangs (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Yes No Unsure/Don't know 2007 100.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 33.3% 66.7% 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 52.9% 29.4% 17.6% 2008 70.6% 29.4% 2007 20.0% 80.0% 2008 33.3% 50.0% 16.7% 2007 100.0% 2008 25.0% 50.0% 25.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 40.0% 60.0% 2007 80.0% 20.0% 2008 50.0% 33.3% 16.7% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 60.0% 40.0% 2008 42.9% 28.6% 28.6% 2007 100.0% 2008 60.0% 20.0% 20.0% 2007 33.9% 57.1% 8.9% 2008 48.4% 39.1% 12.5% 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Total 2 2 2 2 3 4 1 2 0 1 1 1 17 17 5 6 2 4 7 5 5 6 2 2 5 7 2 5 56 64 Agencies reporting gang activity in their jurisdiction were also asked whether gangs were coordinating their activity with other gangs (Table 74). In 2008, respondents in Cochise, Coconino, Gila, Maricopa, Mohave, Navajo, Pima, Pinal, Santa Cruz, Yavapai, and Yuma counties reported that gangs in their jurisdiction were coordinating their activity with other gangs. Close to half of the agencies in Arizona that reported gang activity reported that gangs were coordinating with other gangs. This is an increase from onethird of agencies that reported coordination among gangs in 2007. 61 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Use of Technology Most agencies reporting gang activity in their jurisdiction reported that gangs were using technology to communicate (Table 75). Half of the agencies from Gila, Navajo, and Santa Cruz counties reported that gangs were using technology. Graham County was the only county where all responding agencies reported that gangs were not using technology to communicate. In all other counties in Arizona, the majority of agencies reported that gangs were using technology to communicate. Agencies reporting technology use were also asked to also explain how gangs in their jurisdiction were using technology to communicate (Table 76). The most frequently cited form of technology was the use of MySpace/Facebook to communicate. Agencies in all counties except Gila and Greenlee County reported this method. Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Total 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Table 75: Gang Use of Technology (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Yes No Unsure/Don't know 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 50.0% 50.0% 2008 66.7% 33.3% 2007 100.0% 2008 50.0% 25.0% 25.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 2008 100.0% 2007 100.0% 2008 100.0% 2007 94.1% 5.9% 2008 88.9% 11.1% 2007 80.0% 20.0% 2008 83.3% 16.7% 2007 33.3% 66.7% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 85.7% 14.3% 2008 100.0% 2007 80.0% 20.0% 2008 100% 2007 100.0% 2008 50.0% 50.0% 2007 40.0% 60.0% 2008 42.9% 14.3% 42.9% 2007 100.0% 2008 80.0% 20.0% 2007 75.4% 12.3% 12.3% 2008 76.1% 17.9% 6.0% Total 2 2 2 3 3 4 1 2 1 1 1 17 18 5 6 3 4 7 4 5 8 2 2 5 7 2 5 57 67 62 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Year Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Greenlee Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Total 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 Table 76: Types of Technology Used by Gangs (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) MySpace/ Cell Internet E-mail Texting Facebook Phones 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 13 15 2 3 1 4 6 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 0 Computers 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 2 1 1 4 1 1 4 1 2 2 4 31 40 2 2 2 15 21 1 1 3 1 1 2 7 12 2 2 1 2 2 5 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 4 7 8 8 63 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Community Response to Gangs Table 77: Community Response to Gangs (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Total 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Pinal Citizens Reporting Pima Graffiti Abatement Program Navajo Complaints Mohave Increased Coordination/ Communication Maricopa None Greenlee Enforcement Graham Task Forces Gila Denial/Lack of Awareness Coconino School Programs Cochise Community Outreach Programs Apache Agencies were also asked what the community’s response to gangs was in their jurisdiction (Table 77). The most frequent responses were community outreach programs, school programs and denial/lack of awareness. 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 1 2 2 - 1 1 2 1 2 - 1 1 3 4 2 1 1 1 - 1 1 - - 1 1 - 5 9 4 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 1 - 2 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 2 1 - 1 2 1 1 4 2 1 1 - 1 3 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 - 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 - 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 14 22 19 18 15 17 5 8 9 6 5 5 - 2008 - - - - - - 2 - - - - - 2 - 4 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 - 1 - - - - - 1 1 - - 1 - - - - 1 1 - 1 - 2 3 2 1 1 64 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Most Effective Gang Responses Respondents reporting the presence of gangs in their jurisdiction were asked what gang interdiction, intervention, or suppression strategies had been the most effective in their jurisdiction (Table 78). Agencies from 10 of the 14 counties reported that contact/additional patrol was the most effective strategy. Eight of the 15 reported that enforcement was the most effective strategy. Table 78: Most Effective Gang Interdiction, Intervention, or Suppression Strategies (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Total 1 2 1 1 2 - 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 - - 1 1 - 8 8 3 7 1 4 4 2 2 5 2 1 3 3 4 5 1 - 2 2 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 - 2 2 1 1 1 1 - 3 3 4 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 - 1 2 2 - 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 - 21 23 12 22 2 10 9 9 7 8 13 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 2 4 Percent of Responding Agencies Maricopa 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment Greenlee Prosecution Graham Gang Units Gila Identification of Gang Members Statistical Analysis/Intelligence Coconino GIITEM Cochise Contact/Additional Patrol Joint Efforts with Other Agencies School Outreach/Programs Community Involvement 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 Apache Enforcement 36.8% 33.3% 21.1% 31.9% 3.5% 14.5% 15.8% 13.0% 12.3% 11.6% 22.8% 10.1% 10.5% 8.7% 10.5% 8.7% 8.8% 7.2% 3.5% 5.8% 65 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Task Force Involvement Agencies from Coconino, Maricopa, Mohave, Navajo, and Yavapai counties reported that they lead a multi-agency task force targeting gangs (Table 79). Additionally, agencies in Cochise, Pima, Pinal and Yuma counties reported participation in a multi-agency task force. Most agencies reporting participation in a task force cited GIITEM as the task force in which they participate. Agencies also reported participation in the East Valley Gang Task Force, East Valley Criminal/Gang Infusion Center, Inter-Tribal Gang Task Force, Arizona Indian Country Gang Initiatives, Maricopa County Attorney’s Office Gang Task Force, FBI Violent Street Gang Task Force, and Operation Safe Streets. Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Total 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 Table 79: Task Force Participation (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Lead Participate Yes No Yes No 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 66.7% 33.3% 66.7% 33.3% 100.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 5.9% 94.1% 41.2% 58.8% 16.7% 83.3% 77.8% 22.2% 40.0% 60.0% 100.0% 16.7% 83.3% 83.3% 16.7% 100.0% 100.0% 25.0% 75.0% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 71.4% 28.6% 100.0% 20.0% 80.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 40.0% 60.0% 14.3% 85.7% 57.1% 42.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 40.0% 60.0% 12.3% 87.7% 54.5% 45.5% 11.9% 88.1% 52.9% 47.1% Respondents 2/1* 2 2 3 3 4 1 2 0 1 1 1 17 18 5 6 3 4 7 4/5** 5 8 2 2 5 7 2 5 57/54 67/68 66 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Conclusion Gang activity continues to affect the majority of law enforcement jurisdictions in Arizona, with agencies reporting significant gang involvement in crime and drug distribution. Law enforcement agencies reported that gangs had a high level of involvement in the distribution of marijuana and methamphetamine, similar to what was reported in 2007. Law enforcement agencies also cited gang involvement in assaults, burglaries, vandalism/graffiti/tagging, and drug street sales as major concerns in their jurisdictions. The most active gangs identified by Arizona law enforcement agencies were the Bloods, followed by the Crips, Hispanic Sureños (SUR 13), and neighborhood-based trafficking groups/crews. Other gangs that agencies reported high levels of activity in their jurisdiction include the Aryan Brotherhood, Mexican Mafia/La Eme, Hells Angels OMG, Skinheads, and Hispanic Norteños. Although there is evidence of changes in the gang problem from 2007 to 2008, these changes may or may not be evidence of long term trends. As more data is collected using the same assessment tool over time, a clearer picture of trends in Arizona gang activity will be revealed. The data collected from local law enforcement agencies and included in this report illustrates what those working in the justice system already know: that many Arizona communities and the agencies that serve them continue to face a significant gang problem. It is hoped that this report will assist policy makers and practitioners by capturing information on gang threats at the state and county level to inform discussions about Arizona’s gang problem and the development of strategies to effectively address gang prevention, intervention, and enforcement. 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment 67 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Appendix A Gangs Reported by County (Of the Jurisdictions Reporting Gang Activity) Apache 831 Star All Star Krew Bloods Crips Dine Warriors Eastside Juggalos Folks Nation Indian Gangster Disciples “INC” (Insane Cobra Nation) Norteños 14 Pirus “RNW” Red Nation Warriors SUR 13 The Chiefs Westside Kings Westside Crips Cochise Bloodline Brown Pride East Side Torrance Huns OMG Bloods Crips Lepher Arizona (LA) Crips MC Gangs ICP/Juggalos Maryvale Gangster Crips South Side Harbor City Surtrece Coconino Mexican Mafia Street Gangs Sureños Huns MC Loners MC Loose Cannons MC Nazi Lowriders New Mexican Mafia Greenlee Bloods Maricopa Norte UNG Peckerwoods Sex Jerks Southside Buckeye Southside Locos Southside Mesa Suntown SUR 13 Sureños Varrio Tolleson Chicanos VCP VSF West Coast Crips West Side Glendale Westside Crips Westside Mesa Mohave Bloods Crips Hells Angels Hispanic Street Gangs M/C Gangs OMG Navajo Southside VXP Warrior Society Westside Crips White Pride Sureños (SUR 13) Pima Barrio Chicano Barrio Hollywood Barrio Libre Barrio Nuevo Locos Barrio Vista Brown Pride Bloods Crips East Side Blood Edith Street Posse Bloods Hispanic Gangs Hybrid Gangs Insane Clown Posse Southside Brown Pride SUR 13 Sureños Tucson Underground Production Pinal Gila Aryan Brotherhood Barrio Chico’s Loco’s Bloods BPG (Brown Pride Gang) Crips Dogtown East Side Bloods East Side Brown Pride Eastside Pride Grandel Hispanic Blood Gangs Hispanic Crip Gangs Juggalos LT (Loony Toons) Mexican Mafia Mountain View Park New Mexican Mafia Aryan Brotherhood Dine Pride Hells Angels Mexican Mafia Peckerwoods Skinheads Sur Trece Peckerwoods Skinheads SUR Sureños Tribal Tree Top Piru 2008 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment AB ACR Bloods Brown Pride Casa 13’s Crips East Side Crips Hispanic Huns MC Loners MC Loose Cannons MC MC Sureños 13 Santa Cruz Beck Street Player Valee Verde Locos Grumben West Side Grifos Nogalitos West Side Preston Pierson East Side Devil Dick West Side Primos Locos Street Gangs West Valley Locos Yavapai AB Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs Creek Side Chicanos Peckerwoods Creekside Locos Skinheads DEF White Extremists HA White Supremacist Groups Hells Angels Yuma Dark Side Northside Mob East Side Quechan Indian Pride (QIP) East Side Naked City Soma Eastside Norteños VLA Hispanic Street Gang Warrior Society Hollywood Westside Okie Town 68