Pumphouse County Natural Area Management Plan
Draft May 21, 2009
Revised December 1, 2010

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Pumphouse County Natural Area Management Plan
Draft May 21, 2009
Revised December 1, 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS

MAP:

PUMPHOUSE WASH MANAGEMENT ZONES

PLAN SUMMARY
SECTION ONE:
SECTION TWO:
SECTION THREE:
SECTION FOUR:
SECTION FIVE:

BACKGROUND
NATURAL RESOURCES
CULTURAL RESOURCES
PUBLIC SAFETY, VISITOR ACCESS, AND WILDLIFE WATCHING
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND STEWARDSHIP

REFERENCES:
APPENDIX A:
APPENDIX B:
APPENDIX C:
APPENDIX D:

PARK RULES AND SIGNAGE
SAMPLE PUBLIC OUTREACH HANDOUTS
2002 VEGETATION SURVEY
PHOTOGRAPHS OF SLED HILL ISSUE & 29 DECEMBER 2004 FLOOD

CREDITS
COUNTY LEADERSHIP:
MATTHEW RYAN, DISTRICT THREE SUPERVISOR
STEVE DRUMRIGHT, PARKS & RECREATION COMMISSION VICE‐CHAIR
BRIAN BLUE, PARKS & RECREATION COMMISSION CHAIR (KACHINA VILLAGE)
STEVE PERU, COUNTY MANAGER
TODD GRAEFF, CCPR DIRECTOR
PLANNING TEAM:
GEOFFREY GROSS, CCPR PROJECTS COORDINATOR
CYNTHIA NEMETH, CCPR RECREATION & EVENTS MANAGER
REGINA SALAS, CCPR PUBLIC OUTREACH COORDINATOR
ALEX WISNIEWSKI, CCPR MAINTENANCE MANAGER
JAN BUSH, CCPR PLANNING & ACQUISITIONS MANAGER (PROJECT MANAGER) (2009)
RESOURCE SPECIALISTS:
SARAH REIF, ARIZONA GAME & FISH DEPARTMENT HABITAT PROGRAM MANAGER
SHANNON YOUNG, COCONINO COUNTY ANIMAL MANAGEMENT OFFICER
PHOTOS:
GEOFFREY GROSS, CCPR PROJECTS COORDINATOR
KEVIN VAN HORN, CCPR FACILITIES SUPERVISOR MAP OF PUMPHOUSE WASH MANAGEMENT ZONES

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CARTOGRAPHY BY ALEX WISNIEWSKI

PLAN SUMMARY
PARK SIGNIFICANCE & PURPOSE
Pumphouse Wash, located three miles south of Flagstaff, is the first natural area park in the
County park system. Approximately, 2500 Kachina Village residents view the Wash every day.
Residents are very protective of it and strongly support efforts to conserve the wetlands,
washes, and wildlife that use them. The Wash is named for a small stone pump house located in
the wet meadow that is the park’s signature viewshed. The meadow is a rare landscape type on
the Coconino Plateau, a high‐elevation wet meadow fed by springs and seeps.
GOAL OF THIS MANAGEMENT PLAN
To protect, preserve, and enhance the wetland and wildlife habitat values of the Pumphouse
Wash system and provide for compatible recreation and educational uses. (Source: 2008
Kachina Village Area Plan Update)

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PROPOSED POLICIES FOR MANAGEMENT
1. The County shall pursue opportunities to acquire properties that protect and buffer the
Pumphouse Wash ecosystem and improve the scenic viewshed.
2. The wetlands of the Pumphouse Wash shall be permanently protected for their natural
values and functions.
3. The County shall seek out opportunities to better understand the native biodiversity,
hydrology, and ecosystem functions.
4. The County shall strive to maintain and restore pre‐1960 hydrology, plants, wildlife, and
fish in Pumphouse Wash.
5. The County shall pursue appropriate partnerships and collaboration in the development
of restoration and management plans for Pumphouse Wash.
6. The County shall provide for public access and outdoor recreational opportunities to
experience and enjoy Pumphouse Wash in ways that are compatible with resource
protection.
7. The County shall encourage active citizen involvement in the stewardship of the natural
resources of Pumphouse Wash.
8. The County shall enforce the pet leash law at Pumphouse Wash.
9. The County shall engage partners in developing a natural science center for the outdoor
study of wildlife, wetlands, and water resources by area neighbors, teachers, and kids.
PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ZONES
This plan proposes to designate functional areas or zones within Pumphouse Wash and manage
each for different purposes. The proposed zones are shown on the Map of Pumphouse Wash
Management Zones (see page 3). Four zones have been identified, based on visitor use patterns,
wildlife needs, and areas with significant vegetation or wetland values. The zones will be
managed according to the following guidelines for development and use:
•

•

•

Developed zone—recreational amenities provide for informal play, picnic areas,
restroom building and vehicular parking; high level of contact with other visitors;
moderate level of recreational programming; low probability of encountering wildlife;
utilities from sustainable sources wherever possible; night lighting based on security
needs. Impervious surfaces accommodate intended uses and are associated with
stormwater management/storage as necessary to protect the adjacent wetland.
Travel zone—recreational amenities provide for sightseeing, viewing wildlife, walking,
biking, horseback riding and vehicular parking; high probability of viewing wildlife;
medium contact with other visitors; low level of recreational programming; no night
lighting; pervious surfaces only.
Buffer zone—provides for boundary management of potential incompatible uses such
as encroaching structures and unauthorized trails. No development. Fencing and/or
vegetation create well‐defined boundaries. No public access except during structured
visits under supervision of staff or other authorized personnel.

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•

Habitat zone—provides for management of protected wildlife habitats. No new
development. No public access except during structured visits under supervision of staff
or other authorized personnel.

PRIORITY PLANNED ACTIONS BY ZONE
Travel Zone Priority Actions
Install trail monitors to establish level of annual use.
Install waste cans and dog waste stations at trailheads and access points.
Install information kiosks, at least one for each parking lot; design, fund, and install
adequate signage along trails.
Actively promote responsible visitor behavior as being walk on the brown, stay off the
green; leave no trace; and leash your dog visitor.
Stabilize the pump house structure until restoration can be executed.
Buffer Zone Priority Actions
Conduct yearly monitoring of boundaries and address emerging encroachment problems.
Fund and install boundary fencing between Pumphouse Meadow and adjacent private
parcels.
Establish a chapter of Friends of Coconino County Parks for Pumphouse Wash to help with
stewardship activities.
Habitat Zone Priority Actions
Monitor KVID sewer lines and road outfall areas annually for new impacts.
Establish a collaboration with USGS and AGFD to monitor surface hydrology.
Adopt management policies to protect the natural area from development and misuse.
Place the natural area under a permanent conservation easement.
Acquire remaining key parcels to (1) protect hydrology and viewshed; and (2) locate
appropriate visitor and educational services.
RELATIONSHIP TO RAYMOND COUNTY PARK
Pumphouse Wash abuts the eight‐acre Raymond County Park that was originally built in the
1950s and recently underwent a complete redevelopment. The park provides many
recreational facilities including a softball field, basketball court, climbing wall, picnic ramada,
restroom building and trail access to a wildlife viewing platform for the Kachina Wetlands. This
plan treats Raymond County Park as a separate park facility from Pumphouse Wash due to the
the differences between their purpose and management. Raymond CP is classified as a
community park that serves the neighborhoods of Kachina Village and nearby Mountainaire.
Programming at Raymond CP is for outdoor recreation with a focus on informal youth and
family activities. Management is consistent with a developed zone (see discussion above).
HOW THIS PLAN WAS DEVELOPED
Staff held eight meetings during FY09 to explore issues and opportunities. Resource specialists
Sarah Reif, Habitat Manager with Arizona Game & Fish Department, and Shannon Young, Animal
Management Officer with Coconino County Health Department, provided invaluable insights
and resources. The plan team appreciated their time and support. Draft materials were
reviewed with an eye to integration, clarity and brevity. The draft plan will be vetted with the

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department’s management team, the Parks & Recreation Commission, plan stakeholders,
interested members of the Kachina Village community, and the County Board of Supervisors. At
each step, staff will review major findings/recommendations, and solicit input to edit the plan.
NEW NAME PROPOSED
The plan team recommends the name Pumphouse County Natural Area to more accurately
communicate the nature and purpose of the park.

SECTION ONE: BACKGROUND
SITE DESCRIPTION
Pumphouse Wash is comprised of three distinct and discontinuous riparian areas. Acquisitions
to assemble nine parcels that form the Wash began in 2000. Donations of private land and grant
assistance of $910,000 from Arizona State Parks Heritage Fund has been used to augment
County funds from the Coconino Parks & Open Space Program of just over $1 million.
The signature landscape, Pumphouse Meadow, is a 66‐acre spring‐fed riverine wetland. Its
location between Kachina Boulevard and Tovar Trail just west of Interstate 17 makes it a highly
visible scenic vista for both residents and travelers alike. As part of the northern reach of the
Verde River Watershed this high‐elevation wetland is a rare landform in Arizona and provides
exceptional habitat for wildlife. The meadow also holds the historic pump house for which the
watershed is named and O'Neil Spring that provided water to Flagstaff lumber mills.
Management of an unauthorized social trail along the north edge of the meadow is discussed in
this plan.
Pumphouse Wash, a 38‐acre site immediately downstream of the meadow, has a different
morphology entirely—a distinct stream channel with adjacent wetland hydrology. Wooded
slopes on each side of the wash are part of the zone, as is a paved county road, Piñon Trail. This
zone has an existing half‐mile recreational trail designed for wildlife watching that includes
interpretative signs and two viewing blinds. Management of an unauthorized sledding hill is
discussed in this plan.
A mile west and north, Harrenburg Wash is a 16‐acre site at the confluence of Pumphouse
Wash. Flows here are intermittent and confined to a highly disturbed area that includes a pond,
breached earthen dam, and a channelized reach. It joins Pumphouse Wash in a location that is
also channelized, stabilized, and confined by its proximity to Kachina Village Improvement
District (KVID) waste‐water treatment facility that is located on fill material immediately
adjacent to the confluence. The need to restore hydrology in the lower reach of Harrenburg
Wash is discussed in this plan.

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HISTORY OF PUBLIC INPUT AND PLANNING
1996 Survey of Residents. The County’s Community Development Department distributed a
questionnaire to residents as part of its Kachina Village Area Plan completed in 1997.
Respondents felt that “Protection of floodplain areas is important, and approximately 70% think
that the best way to preserve floodplain areas is to leave them as is with no construction
permitted.”
2001 Park Master Plan. Public meetings sponsored by the Coconino County Parks and
Recreation Department (CCPR) were held in January 29 and February 26 (39 and 14 persons
attended respectively). An NAU Parks & Recreation Management class facilitated public
involvement and produced a master plan that was approved by the County Board of Supervisors
(date?). The plan called for acquisitions, park improvements at Raymond County Park, and trails
and plantings for Pumphouse and Harrenburg washes.
2007 WRP Project. A public meeting held July 18 was attended by over 70 persons. AGFD and
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service assisted the County in presenting a proposal to
permanently protect Pumphouse Wash by enrolling 100+ acres in the Wetland Reserve Program
(WRP). The plan was endorsed by the County Board of Supervisors in August 2007.
2007 Community Survey. An update of the Kachina Village Area Plan acquired data on residents’
views. 34% of respondents use the National Forest, Wash, or Raymond County Park for wildlife
viewing on a daily basis, with 30% using these areas for daily dog walks. Fully 85% of
respondents were very concerned or concerned that wetlands and creek habitats be protected.
The 2008 Kachina Village Area Plan Update adopted by the Board of Supervisors on May 20,
2008 includes the Wash in its discussion of natural environment and parks/recreation.
2009 ORGANIZATIONAL MASTER PLAN
Coconino County Parks and Recreation Organizational Master Plan adopted by the Board of
Supervisors in 2010 classifies Pumphouse Wash in these ways:
Park type:
Programming:
Management:
Length of stay:
Public access:
Interpretation:
Development:

natural area (133 acres)
protection and education
level 3 maintenance
two hours
restricted/guided use of signature resources while protecting against
harmful human activities
natural and cultural resources; responsible recreation
limited to trailheads and multi‐use trails; limited to no lighting; center
for outdoor education proposed

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Public input obtained from the master plan’s survey of county households was that the top
priority for new programming should be environmental and nature education. These
recommendations from the plan apply to Pumphouse Wash:
• Diversify department programs to include environmental stewardship and outdoor
adventures, thereby engaging a larger group of citizens in outdoor recreation and
education.
• Develop a nature science center at Pumphouse Wash in collaboration with partners.
• Buffer parkland from incompatible adjacent land uses.

•

Establish trailways to create connectivity between county parks.
SECTION TWO: MANAGING NATURAL RESOURCES

RESOURCE VALUES
Pumphouse Wash is a rare landform in Arizona and the Southwest, a high‐elevation wetland.
Historically, only 1% of Arizona was wetland habitat and one‐third of that area was lost to land
and water development between 1780 and 1980. Pumphouse Wash contributes to local,
regional, and global biodiversity because wetlands provide necessary habitat at some point in
the life cycle of 80% of Arizona’s wildlife species. “The value of the ecosystem function provided
by wetlands belie their small area. They can profoundly affect the natural vitality of a region”
(Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan for Naval Observatory‐‐Flagstaff Station 2007
draft report).
The wet meadow at Pumphouse Wash is primarily spring‐fed. O’Neil Spring is in a draw just
north of the historic pump house. The Pipeline Springs are located up a draw on the northwest
side of the meadow. These two springs provide the majority of the baseflow. The third set of
springs is located in rock outcroppings between Tovar Trail and the I‐17 right‐of‐way to the
northeast of the meadow.
As a wetland within a pine forest landscape, Pumphouse Wash supports forest wildlife
populations with its plants, insects, snakes, birds, rodents, and amphibians. For the woods
around Kachina Village this means views of migrating birds including shorebirds, songbirds,
hummingbirds, swallows, hawks, and 22 species of ducks. Bald eagles, bats, fox, coyote, and
herds of bull and cow elk all use at Pumphouse Wash at some point in their life cycles because
of its diversity of plant and aquatic life and because of the water oasis it provides in the heat of
the summer.
Pumphouse Wash provides another public benefit—it manages our water resource. It traps and
holds sediments, nutrients, cinders, and pollutants entering the watercourse from surrounding
development. It accommodates and absorbs flood water. It may contribute to shallow aquifer
recharge. Pumphouse Wash is considered the headwater of Oak Creek that is a major tributary
of the Verde River.

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DIAGRAM PROVIDED BY S. REIF, ARIZONA GAME & FISH DEPARTMENT
RECREATIONAL AND RESOURCE CONNECTIVITY

Wildlife
Habitat
Water
Quality

Recreation

Erosion &
Flood
Control

Wetland
Function

Cultural
Values
Ecotourism

Education &
Research

Storm
Buffer
Zone

Highland Trail. This County trail connects Kachina Village with Fort Tuthill County Park and the
Flagstaff Urban Trails System (FUTS). It is a two‐mile‐long single‐track trail designed for non‐
motorized recreation and commute users that terminates at Kachina Wetlands.
Kachina Wetlands. Kachina Village Improvement District (KVID) operates a constructed wetland
facility known as Kachina Wetlands to dispose of effluent and provide wildlife habitat for
migratory waterfowl. KVID makes public access available by agreement with Arizona Game &
Fish Department. A segment of the Highlands Trail will be built through Kachina Wetlands.
Wildlife Migration Corridors. AGFD as part of a larger wildlife linkages study tracks the
movement of individual elk using radio collars. Kachina Village is part of AGFD Linkage Zone #23
that connects with Munds Park above the Mogollon Rim and Oak Creek below the rim. AGFD
map below displays movement of elk #13 in the vicinity of the Wash.
Oak Creek/Verde River. Pumphouse Wash acts as the headwaters of Oak Creek, a major
tributary of the Verde River that is visited by 300,000 tourists yearly. Water quality and quantity
in Oak Creek is of concern to thousands of downstream residential and agricultural users as well
as a million water customers in metropolitan Phoenix who consume Verde River supplies
averaging 300,000 acre‐feet.
Coconino National Forest and Trails. Kachina Village is surrounded by the Coconino National
Forest (CNF). The forest environment is a key asset to residents, a third of whom claim to visit
the Forest on a daily basis.

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URBAN IMPACTS
It is ironic that the high‐value wetland habitat of Pumphouse Meadow probably contributes to
high roadkill rates along Interstate 17 near the Kachina Village exit. Transportation routes and
residential development ring the Meadow and present formidable barriers to wildlife movement
into and out of the Meadow. Roads and homes contribute to unmanaged stormwater that
causes soil erosion and water pollution. Winter road maintenance results in cinder deposition
that produces changes in stream shape, stream depth, and vegetation composition.
Transportation and residential areas surrounding the Wash are incubating zones for invasive
plant seeds including diffuse knapweed, scotch thistle, barnyard grass, cheat grass, reed canary
grass, toad flax, and clovers.
Recreation in Pumphouse Wash also impacts wildlife and wildlife habitat. Residents above the
Meadow have developed an unauthorized social trail, use of which discourages wildlife from
that area. This user‐created trail causes erosion, weeds and, most importantly, wildlife
disturbance. Meadow neighbors report that pet owners who let their dogs run off leash often
harass or kill wildlife, destroy nests and eat eggs. Unauthorized access to off‐trail areas of
Pumphouse Wash for snowplay and frisbee golf causes erosion, trash, and trampling. Activity at
the sled hill creates public safety concerns and significant congestion along Kachina Trail.
Wildlife watching in the same area results in congestion, disturbance to wildlife, and safety
issues for visitors who threaten wildlife by approaching them. Dumping of non‐native fish and
crayfish degrades streams and ponds.
Development of water, sewer, and power infrastructure since 1965 has left visual and functional
scars at Pumphouse Wash. Power lines criss‐cross the Meadow and gravity‐fed sewer pipes are
present in all three management zones. Probably the greatest loss of wetland habitat occurred

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in Harrenburg Wash at the confluence with Pumphouse Wash. Years ago, that confluence was
filled by the property owner, Kachina Village Fire District (predecessor to Highlands Fire District)
to accommodate training exercises. Currently the last reach of Harrenburg Wash is a narrow,
high‐banked channel that terminates at a small wetland area. The original extent of the wetland
at the confluence is not known but may have been as large as several acres.
Subdivisions of Coconino County government have expressed interest in future development at
Pumphouse Meadow. Public Works Department seeks a flood control structure to minimize
future damage to homes along Pinon Trail and Pinon Ovi. KVID seeks a well‐water site in the
Meadow. CCPR has expressed serious reservations about these plans. It will be increasingly
important to acquire data about the Meadow wetland and to engage local experts and decision‐
makers in a science‐based analysis and interpretation of these issues. Completion of plans to
retire the Wash's development rights through a conservation easement to the Arizona Game
and Fish Department would/may protect these areas from undesirable utility development and
inappropriate recreation uses.
RESTORATION PROJECTS
Three grants have been received for restoration and enhancement of habitat:
• Pumphouse Wash Habitat Restoration, NAC Five Star (2001‐2) $10,000
• Pumphouse Canyon Habitat Restoration, AGFD (2001‐3) $53,317
• Pumphouse Wash Habitat Enhancement, AGFD (2004) $23,000
From 2004 to 2008, the department worked with Natural Resources Conservation Service
(NRCS) to permanently protect the Wash through enrollment in the Wetland Reserve Program.
The County was ultimately denied access to the program, but NRCS accomplished significant
planning for habitat restoration and enhancement. The map below shows the location of
fencing, plantings, and shallow‐water potholes to address access and habitat issues. NRCS
completed a hydrologic engineering field study in February 2008 with detailed findings and
recommendations.

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PLANNED ACTIONS:
The top priorities for managing natural resources at Pumphouse Wash are protecting hydrologic
characteristics, and improving wildlife habitat and habitat connectivity.
Water resources
• Establish a collaboration with USGS to create protocol and resources to monitor surface
hydrology.
• Apply to ADWR to certify an instream flow right at Pumphouse Meadow and a
stockpond right at Raymond pond.
• Work with local scientists and land managers to write a plan to restore water resources
and wetland habitat.
• Work with KVID and Coconino County Public Works to prevent sedimentation, chemical
contamination, and other impacts to wetland.
• Work with AGFD and KVID to restore the confluence of Pumphouse Wash with
Harrenburg Wash to its former size and function.
• Stay alert to opportunities for research about groundwater‐surface water connectivity
and impact of groundwater pumping and surface diversions on the wetland.
Vegetation
• Plant native shrubs including narrow leaf cottonwood and willow for better bird habitat.
• Apply research from AGFD on controlling crawfish and bullfrogs as it becomes available.
• Collaborate with Friends of Coconino County Parks and Friends of Flagstaff’s Future to
support a PG Watch group, canvas residents to support stewardship, and conduct
volunteer weed pulls, trash pick‐ups, and tree plantings.
Wildlife
• Use low‐head fencing and vegetation such as native rose in high‐impact locations to
visually delineate the protected wetland and discourage at‐will access.
• Replace boundary fence on north side of meadow; remove unnecessary fences in
meadow.
• Stay alert to opportunities to partner on research about populations of amphibians,
reptiles, bats and birds.
• Track ADOT plans for wildlife connectivity across Interstate 17; actively support efforts
to create a wildlife crossing.
• Work toward restoration of native fish populations in meadow.
• Work with ADWR, AGFD, and USFWS toward a roundtail chub catch‐and‐release fishery
at Raymond Pond.
Land Protection
• Continue discussion regarding donating a conservation easement to AGFD to
permanently protect the Wash’s wetland habitats and water resources.
• Purchase fee simple interest of selected parcels abutting Pumphouse Meadow.
• Rezone parcels to OS (Open Space and Conservation) classification.
• Participate in review of forest and county development proposals.
• Approach abutting landowners about donated conservation easements.
• Ask Forest Highlands for a donated trail easement to improve connectivity between
Harrenburg Wash and other parts of Kachina Village.

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SECTION THREE: MANAGING CULTURAL RESOURCES
THUMBNAIL HISTORY
First users. Flagstaff and Pumphouse Wash are located at the confluence of prehistoric cultural
traditions called Patayan, Hohokam, Anasazi (Ancestral Pueblo) and Mogollon. The map below is
from Linda Cordell's 1984 Prehistory of the Southwest as modified by Kelso and Eskew in their
2008 cultural resources survey of Pumphouse Wash. Oral history from the Yavapai Apache
Indian Community records that the Pumphouse Wash area was used for camping and hunting by
Apaches coming and going out of the Verde Valley to Dzil Cho (the San Francisco Peaks) and to
trade at Hopi. The Tonto Apache name for the area is Place of Many Springs, or Tu’ha das nLi’I’.
The Apache were masters of the ‘leave no trace’ ethic; the landscape has no remnants of their
stay.

Pump House Ranch. Homestead certificate #222 was issued to William D. Black in 1891 for the
160‐acre northeast quarter section of Section 30. Coconino Cattle Company (1906‐1938) sold
the land to Dr. R. O. Raymond. Dr. Raymond was very fond of his “Pump House Ranch” that
included portions of Section 20 on the east side of I‐17. Raymond’s employee and partner, Frank

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Auza, moved sheep between the ranch and Woody Spring near Rogers Lake. Raymond’s estate
sold all but the five‐acre gravesite to the developers of Kachina Village. The County acquired the
area in a series of donations and transactions, most occurring since 2000.
Harrenburg Wash. The Harrenburg Wash area was patented by George W. Black in 1895 when
he claimed the east half of the northwest quarter of Section 30. He conveyed the property to
James Vail and the land was bundled into the Vail estate bought by Coconino Cattle Co. The
County acquired the Wash in two transactions: a gift from the predecessor of Highlands Fire
District, and a land‐for‐debt swap with KVID.
Dolan’s Meadow. The entire Section 19, where the Pump House is located, was patented to the
Atchison Topeka Santa Fe Railway in 1902. Joseph Dolan, bought it from the Railway in 1945 and
resold it to the company of which he was an officer, Arizona Lumber and Timber (AL&T), in
1947. AL&T sold out to developers of Kachina Village in 1965, reserving the “O’Neil Spring
Parcel” in the southeast quarter section. That parcel was sold by the trustee of AL&T in 1992
and acquired by the County in 2004.
The pipeline. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway filed a right‐of‐way easement across
Section 19 for a cast iron pipeline in 1905. Two springs supplied water to ponds built in the wet
meadow, one of which is still functional. The pipeline went past the site of the current
Amphitheater at Fort Tuthill and on in to Flagstaff where it terminated at Phoenix Avenue. The
railway sold water to Flagstaff lumber mills and, during dry years, to the city itself.
Kachina Village. A planned residential community was proposed in 1965 and marketed in
Phoenix as recreation‐oriented, vacation property. The developer chose cultural elements of the
Hopi Tribe to create an identity for the “Kachina Village Country Club Village.” Plans called for a
gated, high‐end development with an 18‐hole golf course, clubhouse and stables. By 1971, the
Tucson developer filed for bankruptcy. Open spaces that are now Pumphouse Wash avoided
development, although periodic proposals for commercial or residential projects at the meadow
created a vigilance among residents that is still in play.
2008 CULTURAL SURVEY
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) conducted a cultural resources survey of
Pumphouse Wash and published its findings in October 2008. The report has a wealth of
information about prehistoric cultures that lived in the area. It inventories several cultural sites
and numerous isolated artifacts. It provides a detailed photographic and narrative description of
the pump house and cistern.
THE HISTORIC PUMP HOUSE
The NRCS cultural survey describes the Meadow's pump house area as an historical‐era
archaeological site that consists of a mortared stone pump house and cistern with associated
features and artifacts. The report estimates the structure to have been built between 1902 and
1920. The pump itself was manufactured after 1916. NRCS advises that the site meets two
National Register criteria for significance and is eligible for nomination onto the National
Register of Historic Places. “The pump house, cistern, and pump largely retain their integrity of
location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association and are associated
with development of the railroad and timber industries that dominated the economic and social

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history of the Flagstaff area during the late 19th and early 20th century” (Kelso and Eskew, 2008,
p. 31). The report will be a valuable resource for writing a nomination not to mention
interpreting Pumphouse Wash’s history.
PLANNED ACTIONS
• Right away, block the doorway to the pump house using a gate design that matches the
window rebar closures (to protect it from further vandalism); repair the large crack in
the mortar above the door sill; replace broken or missing facing boards beneath the roof
eaves; correct failing foundation at the southeast corner.
• Apply to register the pump house with the National Register of Historic Places
• Develop a plan for restoring the pump house; identify local specialists to assist with
materials and labor, and estimate a budget.
• Ask Friends of Coconino County Parks to match grant funds for restoring the pump
house and developing an interpretive trail.
• Design/install an historical trail around the pump house to relate early Flagstaff history;
use artifacts such as old fence posts made from railroad ties to bring early economies
and lifestyles into focus.
• Identify local resource specialists such as Kachina resident and tribal archaeologist Chris
Coder to help interpret prehistoric cultural information.

SECTION FOUR: MANAGING PUBLIC SAFETY, VISITOR ACCESS & WILDLIFE WATCHING
TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND WILDLIFE‐PEOPLE INTERACTIONS
The local expression “elk jam” refers to the crowds of folks who stop and watch wildlife in
Pumphouse Meadow. These park visitors are described as oblivious to traffic safety concerns or
the wildness of the animals whose space they crowd. The photos below were taken at Kachina
Trail in August 2002. A fence, now gone, prevented visitors from getting too close.

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NATURAL HAZARDS: WILDFIRE AND FLOODING
Natural hazards threaten Kachina Village residents’ safety and property. Wetlands are natural
detention areas with significant capacity to store temporary flood water. Their capacity can be
overwhelmed when development occurs in the upper watershed. This is the case in Pumphouse
Wash where Forest Highlands subdivision is upstream of Kachina Village. Significant flooding
occurs at Pumphouse Wash about twice in a decade, most recently in September 2003 and
December 2004. See photos at Appendix D.
Wildfire, racing up from Oak Creek Canyon or spreading from the surrounding Coconino
National Forest, could also threaten residents’ safety and property. The Forest’s priority
management goal is to reduce the threat of a large and destructive fire. Highlands Fire District
operates a local program to help residents thin their residential lots of dense tree growth.
Within the Wash, thinning has occurred in the woods to the southeast of Pumphouse Wash
along Pinon Trail.
PARK VISITORS WHO HARASS WILDLIFE
Meetings with abutting landowners along Pumphouse Meadow in July 2007 raised numerous
concerns for both the public’s safety and the safety of wildlife that visit Pumphouse Wash.
Neighbors observed visitors who watch elk in Pumphouse Meadow and approach the animals
much too closely. They expressed alarm at the increase in harassment of wildlife, particularly elk
and nesting waterfowl. They described many incidents of loose dogs chasing elk onto local roads
and Interstate 17. They reported dogs destroying the nests of ducks and migratory birds. They
also complained about trespass through their private properties by park visitors who want to
watch elk.
RECREATION IMPACTS
Recreation is sometimes written as wreak‐reation to acknowledge the problems that people
create for the natural world in the process of enjoying it. At Pumphouse Wash, careless or

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irresponsible wildlife watching produces both human safety issues and an unacceptable level of
wildlife disturbance. Neighborhood dogs, that are permitted to roam freely or that accompany
park visitors off‐leash, harass wildlife and pollute water with their waste. Snowplay causes
erosion, trash, endangers public safety, trampling, and congestion of the roadway. When park
visitors create informal trails, they inadvertently disturb wildlife, cause soil erosion, and
distribute weed seeds. Concentrated off‐trail use degrades fragile wetlands and woodland
slopes. These recreation impacts are discussed in more detail in the following sections.
DOGS AS PARK VISITORS
Domestic dogs that accompany park visitors into wildlife habitats may create disturbance,
harassment, displacement, or direct mortality of wildlife (Sime, C.A. 1999, Domestic Dogs in
Wildlife Habitats). They transmit or receive diseases including rabies, distemper, and parvovirus
when they come in contact with wildlife. Dog feces are picked up in rainwater runoff and carried
into stream channels as a pollutant. Dogs maintain their instincts to hunt and, given an
appropriate stimulus, chase their prey. Studies indicate that many grazing species experience
more distress from unanticipated disturbances such as a dog off‐leash than from other kinds of
activity. Dogs can force movement of the animals in direct conflict to their overwinter survival
strategy of conserving energy or their summertime need to avoid strenuous activity in the heat.
Dogs prey on wildlife nests and young during the summer nesting season.
Coconino County does have an ordinance (2007‐03) that prohibits dogs from running at large
and allows for fines to owners for a class two misdemeanor. Fines range from $25 to $750. The
ordinance is valid for public property in unincorporated areas whether it owned by a local, state,
or federal jurisdiction. It applies to public streets, sidewalks and alleys. The dog is to be
restrained by a leash that is not more than six feet long and strong enough to control the dog’s
behavior. Injuries to any person or animal (domestic or wild) caused by a dog while running at
large are the legal responsibility of the dog owner.
SNOW PLAY
“The unofficial snow‐play area near the intersection of Kachina and Pinon Trails raises serious
traffic safety concerns. Parking along the roadways with people milling about creates a very
unsafe condition especially when combined with winter road conditions. If sledding and snow‐
play activities are going to be permitted to continue at this location, a designated parking area
should be provided and roadside parking restrictions should be enforced” (2008 Kachina Village
Area Plan Update). The sledding area, called “suicide hill” locally, does attract reckless behavior.
See Appendix D photos of damage caused to the creek channel in January 2007 when a truck
was driven across the wash and toward the hill. Highlands Fire District reports that it responded
to five non life‐threatening accidents at the sled hill over a five‐year period. Statistics from an
emergency room or ambulance service have not been obtained.
After consultation with the County Attorney in November 2007, the department changed its
approach to managing the sled hill. Signs stating “No Sledding” were posted and the County
Sheriff was asked to enforce the no‐parking zone along Kachina and Pinon Trails. However, use
of the sled hill continues, causing traffic problems and personal accidents.

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UNAUTHORIZED TRAILS
Pumphouse Meadow has an unauthorized social trail, located at the base of the wooded slope
along the north side. It is so well used that it shows up on aerial photographs. The trail gives
nearby residents direct access into the wetland from properties that abut the meadow parcel.
Even though the trail does provide users a way to enjoy the Meadow its frequent use continues
to cause erosion, wildlife disturbance, and distribution of weed seeds.
PLANNED ACTIONS
Traffic Congestion/Parking
• Provide adequate places for visitors to park and watch wildlife compatible with natural
resource protection; specifically (a) complete construction of watchable wildlife trail at
Raymond County Park that includes parking, viewing scope on platform, interpretive
signing, fencing, trail to viewing blind, and connection to canyon trail; (b) continue
discussions with adjacent landowner about a park ‘n view at their property; and (c)
design a watchable wildlife station on the west side of the meadow near Kachina Trail
bridge.
• Work with Kachina Village multimodal plan to reduce parking congestion along Kachina
Trail.
• Coordinate with Public Works and Kachina Village Multimodal Plan team on a trail
crossing at Kachina Trail to improve connectivity between Raymond County Park and
the Pumphouse Wash trail.
Natural Hazards: Wildfire & Flooding
• Schedule thinning for slope above Pumphouse Meadow with the goal of maintaining
quality habitat and aesthetics; meet with neighbors beforehand.
• Re‐assess woodland thinning needs for the habitat zone every five years.
• Work with NRCS and Public Works to address the cause of the head cut that is working
up channel from Kachina Trail bridge and threatens to undermine the capacity of the
meadow to store flood water and sustain its sheet flow dynamic.
• Work with NRCS to design a repair of the overflow channel at Raymond Pond.
• Collaborate with Public Works on a natural restoration of eroded bank adjacent to
bridge over Pumphouse Wash at Tonalea Trail.
• Work with Kachina Village Multimodal Plan team, AGFD, and Public Works to evaluate
whether the three bridges along Kachina and Pinon Trails are of inadequate size and
design to manage low and bank‐full flows.
Harassing Wildlife
• Encourage County Health Department and Sheriff’s office to enforce the pet leash law.
Dogs are permitted if on‐leash and under owner’s complete control. Owner must pick
up dog’s refuse.
• In order to provide adequate places for visitors to park and watch wildlife compatible
with natural resource protection, (a) complete construction of watchable wildlife trail at
Raymond County Park that includes parking, viewing platform, viewing blind, and fence;
(b) continue discussions regarding areas for a park ‘n view adjacent to the Meadow; and
(c) design a wildlife viewing station..
• Ask Friends of Coconino County Parks to develop a fundraising program to support
wildlife watching stations.

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•

Use low‐head fencing and vegetation such as native rose in high‐impact locations to
visually delineate the protected wetland and discourage at‐will access.

Snowplay
• Coordinate efforts to address sledding at Pumphouse Wash to explore alternative sites
for a sledding hill to serve families with small children.
Public Access
• Adopt park rules for Pumphouse Wash (proposed list at Appendix A).
• Develop signage and brochure material about responsible recreation habits.
• Install waste cans and dog stations at trailheads or along trails.
• Encourage Sheriff’s office and Health Department to enforce the leash law in
Pumphouse Wash. Dogs are permitted, on‐leash and under owner’s complete control.
Owner must pick up dog’s refuse.
• To reduce impacts to wildlife from use of the social trail along the north side of the
meadow, consider (a) lowhead fence and plantings to establish a clear protective
boundary for the wetland edge; (b) seasonal closure of the trail using gates; (c) access
the feasibility of a viewing station above O'Neil Spring and/or westerly pond; or (d) tie in
trail access from O’Neil Spring draw to Kachina Wetlands.
• Complete public access, parking lot, and loop trail for Harrenburg Wash in collaboration
with KVID.
• Request that ADOT install signs at Intersection of Exit 333 and I‐17 to advertise the two
County Parks in Kachina Village.

SECTION FIVE: MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION & STEWARDSHIP
A PHILOSOPHY OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION (EE)
“We are in the 'Gameboy Era' where children know more about electronics and the indoors than
they do about the natural world. As children lose their connection to nature, we lose our future
community of environmental stewards and conservation voters,” says Sarah Reif, AGFD. Sarah
likes a quote from Richard Louv's book, Last Child in the Woods, because it captures the big‐
picture cost of permitting kids and adults to become alienated from the natural world:
“Nature‐deficit disorder is not an official diagnosis but a way of viewing the problem, and
describes the human costs of alienation from nature, among them: diminished use of the
senses, attention difficulties, and higher rates of physical and emotional illnesses. The
disorder can be detected in individuals, families, and communities.”
Connecting people to nature is what Coconino County Parks & Recreation does. With
educational opportunities in the environment, the goal is to build positive experiences and
accurate information through direct interactions with the outdoors. Over time, kids and adults
get hooked. Curiosity and pleasure replace unease or indifference. The quest for one's personal
connection to and responsibility for the environment is grounded upon many, many pleasant
experiences close to home. Starting with direct positive experiences instead of dwelling on the
enviromental damage has one big payoff: it makes people feel a part of the solution instead of
being the problem.

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The proposed goal for an environmental education program at Pumphouse Wash is to connect
people to the natural world through activities that steward the Wash and through positive,
interactive programs that focus on wildlife, wetlands and water.
Neighborhood stewardship. Pumphouse Wash runs through a suburban community of 2500
people. What could be better than a stewardship program to match the size of the challenge?
Since it takes a whole village to protect an urban wetland, why not involve hundreds of
community members in conserving its natural and cultural values? Programs about finding and
watching wildlife will be popular. Many adults get satisfaction from planting trees, pulling weeds
and hauling trash. Some will find monitoring water quality and water quantity to be rewarding.
Another approach is to invite parents to participate with their kids in educational activities.
Environmental education. The model that suits Pumphouse Wash is of an indoor/outdoor
learning facility that specializes in interactive outdoor programs. Making wildlife, wetlands, and
water the primary foci takes advantage of the very special wetland and riparian areas that are
within walking distance. The planned network of park trails and wildlife viewing areas that are
intended to be explored on one's own would complement this focus. In addition to working with
families from the community, the program should train teachers, interns, and retirees to
provide students with science experiences that match their learning needs.
EXISTING AND PLANNED FACILITIES
Current facilities include a half‐mile interpretive trail above Pumphouse Wash and a floating
bridge at Raymond Pond. Kachina Wetlands and Highland Trail are off‐site assets that may
expand options for interpretative and stewardship activities (see Section Two on recreational
and resource connectivity).
Future plans call for two new areas to watch wildlife that come to the meadow. Construction of
a viewing platform and blind accessible from Raymond County Park was completed in 2010 with
a $10,000 grant funding by the AGFD’s Watchable Wildlife Program. A second plan is under
discussion with neighbors adjacent to the Meadow. to create a mini wildlife viewing/parking
area adjacent to their ponds on Tovar Trail.
Improved public access is also in the works for Harrenburg Wash. The department has an
agreement with KVID to develop existing informal parking and trailhead access to the Forest into
a well‐designed public parking lot and trailhead. The department also plans a loop trail above
Harrenburg Wash that will give visitors quiet places to watch wildlife in the wash without
disturbing them.
USEFUL FUTURE FACILITIES
Indoor Environmental Education Classrooms. Effective educational experiences for youth and
adults often start indoors, move outdoors for interactive experiences, and then return indoors
for recap. An indoor environment to support such a pattern will have many of these features:
●

Interactive learning stations for children

●

Educational displays for adults and children on topics such as

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●

Pumphouse Wash as Verde River headwaters

●

Importance of springs and wetlands in Arizona

●

Wetland bugs and bats

●

Pumphouse Wash's wildlife and tips for finding them

●

Importance of forests to wetland health

●

Living well in the interface between urban and wild

●

Water conservation and reuse

●

Presentation space for educational programs and community meetings

●

Office for environmental education coordinator and volunteers

●

Additional resources like field guides, wildlife information resources, county park
information, living with urban wildlife information, and merchandise sales

Outdoor. Outdoor facilities would provide experiential learning opportunities for children and
adults:
• Roundtail chub fishery for youth at Raymond Pond
• Bat house display
• Pollinator garden
A CULTURE OF COLLABORATION
The Flagstaff area has a wealth of environmental education service providers. These include
Camp Colton, Willow Bend Environmental Education Center, NAU Summer Bug Camp, Life Draw,
The Flagstaff Arboretum, and the local chapters of Arizona Association of Environmental
Educators and Arizona Audubon. It makes sense to invite these entities to help CCPR build an
environmental education center at Pumphouse Wash. By being inclusive, the County will benefit
from the resources and strengths of each organization and contribute to the vitality of
environmental education regionally.
PLANNED ACTIONS
Stewardship
●

Focus outreach activities on building individual experiences with the wetland
environment that are positive, useful, informative, and engaging.

●

Sponsor annual events for residents to pick up trash, weeds, frogs and crayfish.

●

Establish a chapter of Friends of Coconino County Parks for Pumphouse Wash to
monitor wetland functions and assist with education programs.

●

Bring a stewardship theme to the annual community picnic at Raymond Park.

Environmental education (EE)
●

Carefully define an educational niche centered on outdoor‐based interactive exploration
of wildlife, wetlands, and water.

●

Engage a wide range of partners in the vision; establish an inclusive approach to utilizing
available educational services; work with partners' strengths.

●

Study a select set of facilities that can provide guidance, such as Pima County, Montana
Audubon Conservation Education Center, and Aspen Center for Environmental Studies.

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●

Identify grant opportunities such as AGFD Heritage Fund to provide a three‐year pilot
program with paid staff/volunteer coordinator

●

Pursue opportunities to purchase a facility for environmental education.

●

Ask Friends of Coconino County Parks to fundraise for an EE center.

●

Examine the range of “off the shelf” curricula including Focus Wild Arizona (AGFD), Let's
Go Outside (US/FWS), the Children and Nature Network, Project Wet, and Project
Learning Tree to identify a “starter” curriculum.

APPENDIX A: PARK RULES AND SIGNAGE
PERMITTED AND PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES
• Yes quiet enjoyment if on trails via hiking, biking, horse‐back, wildlife viewing,
photography, snowshoeing, skiing
• No off‐trail access, including sledding, snow play, kite flying, frisbee golf, rock climbing
• Yes dogs on trails if on leash
• No pet waste
• No harassing wildlife
• No littering or dumping
• No possession or discharge of firearms
• No off‐highway vehicles
• No drug use
• No metal detecting
• No hunting
• No plant or rock collection/harvesting
• No rockets or remote control vehicles
• No fires
• No boating
SIGNAGE
Signage is a high‐priority action item (see Plan Summary). The plan team recognizes that visitor
signage can be used as a key guide for quality visitor experiences and responsible visitor
behavior. It recommends that a team approach be used to identify specific needs and develop
designs and materials that integrate well into the existing facilities. The sign team should include
outside assistance from AGFD and local specialists in interpreting cultural and natural history.
Three park rules should be present on all signs that address responsible park visitor behavior.
The rationale for the rules is this:
1. Walk on the brown, stay out of the green. Wetlands are fragile habitats and their wild
inhabitants are easily disturbed by unexpected human activities. Enjoy the wetland from
a sloped area above it. Avoid walking in the wetland unless you are part of a tour guided
by park staff.
2. Put your dog visitor on a leash. Other park visitors appreciate your effort to protect
them, their children, and their dogs. Moreover, Kachina residents appreciate your

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courtesy toward the wildlife they are so fond of. If you encounter dogs off leash, please
call Coconino County Health Department Animal Management Program at 928‐679‐
8756 to report the problem.
3. Leave no trace. When you walk or ride a bike or horse along Wash trails, pack out fruit
peels, power bar wrappers, water bottles, and pet feces. The Apache spirits will smile on
you.

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APPENDIX B: SAMPLE PUBLIC OUTREACH HANDOUTS

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APPENDIX C: 2002 VEGETATION SURVEY

Pumphouse Wash Vegetation Inventory
Occurs
Naturally

Planted
Aug-02

Veg Type

Species Name

Common Name

Trees:

Juniperus scopulorum
Populus angustifolia
Prunus virginiana
Quercus gambelii

Rocky Mountain Juniper
Narrowleaf Cottonwood*
Common Chokecherry
Gambel Oak

X
X
X

X

Amelanchier utahensis
Ceanothus fendleri
Cornus stolonifera
Juniperus communis
Parthenocissus inserta
Potentilla fruiticosa
Rhus trilobata
Ribes cereum
Robinia neomexicana
Rosa arizonica
Rosa woodsii
Salix exigua
Salix laevita
Salix laseolepsis
Sambucus caerulea
Symphoriocarpus rotundifolius
Vitis arizonica

Serviceberry
Buckbrush*
Red Twig Dogwood*
Common Juniper
Thicket Creeper
Shrubby cinquefoil
Squawbush
Wax Currant*
New Mexican Locust
Arizona Rose
Wood’s Rose*
Coyote Willow*
Tall Willow
Arroyo Willow*
Blue Elderberry*
Snowberry*
Canyon Grape

X

X

X

X

Castilleja integra
Cirsium sp
Commelina dianthifolia
Erigeron oreophilus
Eriogonum racemosa
Geranium caespitosum
Helianthella quinquenervis
Helianthus annus
Hymenopappus mexicana
Ipomopsis aggregata
Iris missouriensis
Linum lewesii
Lotus wrightii
Lupinus argenteus
Monarda menthefolia
Oenothera hookeri
Oxytropis lambertii

Indian Paintbrush
Thistle
Dayflower
Fleabane
Redroot Buckwheat
Purple Cranesbill
Aspen Sunflower
Annual Sunflower
Mexican Woollywhite
Scarlet Gilia
Western Blue Flag
Blue Flax
Wrights Deervetch
Silver Lupine
Beebalm
Hooker’s Evening Primrose
Lambert’s Locoweed

Shrubs:

Perennials:

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X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X

X

X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
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Pumphouse County Natural Area Management Plan
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Revised December 1, 2010
Penstemon barbatus
Penstemon vingatus
Potentilla hippiana
Potentilla thurberi
Rudbeckia laciniata
Senecio spartioides
Sidalcea neomexicana
Solidago sp.
Thermopsis pinetorum
Grasses:

Other

Scarlet Bugler
Western Penstemon
Yellow Potentilla
Thurbers cinquefoil
Cutleaf Coneflower
Broom Groundsel
New Mexican
Checkermallow
Goldenrod
Golden Pea

Blepheroneuron tricholepsis
Bouteloua curtipendula
Bouteloua gracilis
Bromis marginatus
Carex spp.
Carex utriculata
Elymus canadensis L.
Elymus elymoides (Raf.)
Sweezy
Festuca arizonica
Festuca ovata
Poa fendleriana (Steudel)
Vasey

Pine dropseed
Sideoats Grama
Blue Grama
Mountain brome
sedge
sedge
Canada wildrye

Antennaria rosulata
Arenaria fendleri
Blepheroneuron tricholepsis
Bromis marginatus
Muhly montana
Robena mcdouglii

pussytoes

X
X
X
X
X

X
X

X

X
X
X
X
X

X
X

Squiretail
Arizona Fescue
Sheep Fescue

X

Mutton Bluegrass

X

Pine dropseed
mountain brome
Mountain muhly

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APPENDIX D: PHOTOS OF SLED HILL ISSUE & 29 DECEMBER 2004 FLOOD

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The prior two photos documented the destructive nature of attempts to pull a truck from
Pumphouse Wash when it attempted to cross the wash to the sled hill and got stuck.
The three photos below document the 29 December 2004 flood. The first photo is taken at the
confluence of Harrenburg Wash with Pumphouse Wash (notice the Forest boundary in the
background). The second photo shows flood water overtopping Kachina Trail adjacent to
Pumphouse Meadow and struggling to move under the bridge. The last flood photo is of Pinon
Ovi, a short residential street developed so as to leave the wash no room to handle flood flows.

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