Long Mountain
Area Plan

Re
Re--adopted
adopted December
December 18,
18, 2006
2006
Revised:
Revised: February
February 8,
8, 2007
2007

Executive Summary
The purpose of the Long Mountain Area Plan, or the Area Plan, is to recognize the unique
character of the Long Mountain Area and to encourage land use patterns that are consistent with
the goals of the General Plan, the residents and the property owners.
The Long Mountain Area Plan, a component of the General Plan, covers approximately 61
square miles of unincorporated land in Mohave County. The Area Plan, like the General Plan, is
a flexible guide for land use and development for decision-makers. It is a statement of
community values, ideals and aspirations about the best management of the natural and built
environments. In addition to defining the County’s view of the future, the Area Plan describes
actions to be taken to achieve a desired future. The Area Plan uses text and diagrams to establish
policies and programs to address those issues facing the Long Mountain area. The Area Plan is,
thus, a tool for managing community change to achieve the desired quality of life.
In order to provide an overall guiding principle to develop the Area Plan, a vision statement was
produced to read as follows:
“Maintain current air quality by controlling dust, improving roads, and limiting population
density to prevent degradation from ‘Class I’ like air quality.”
“Water, essential to the lifestyle of current and future residents, will be protected through
conservation and reasonable growth measures in order to maintain safe yield which will be
determined by the best available science from Arizona Department of Water Resources
and/or United States Geologic Survey.”
“Roadways will be sized to accommodate planned traffic, provide for multi-modal and nonvehicular travel and constructed to County standards to be eligible for regular maintenance
at the time of project approval. In addition, the developer or land owner will provide
roadways improvements in proportion to the demand created by the new development,
including the improvement of off-site roadways such as arterials, major collectors, and
feeders.”
“New residential development proposals will be similar to existing residential densities, shall
promote neighborhood stability, and protect and sustain existing lifestyles.”

The Area Plan includes three major sections. Section I introduces the Area Plan’s purpose,
content and effect, and describes the process used in preparing the Area Plan. Section I also
presents the vision statement, and summarizes past, existing and anticipated conditions,
including population growth trends affecting Long Mountain.
Section II, the essence of the Area Plan, establishes goals, policies and implementation
techniques for the three major elements:

ii

1.
2.
3.
4
5.

Natural Resources
Water Resources
Land Use, Housing and Economic Development
Transportation and Circulation
Public Safety

Each Area Plan Element begins with a statement summarizing the most important information
gleaned from the base study research, public meetings with the Area Plan Committee, and other
sources and is combined with the key planning issues relating to the Element.
The Natural Resources Element looks to preserve the natural resources in Long Mountain.
Key goals of the Natural Resources Element are as follows:
♦ Preserve native vegetation with emphasis along the base of the mountains, foothills, slopes
and the washes.
♦ Preserve the natural and aesthetic value of hillsides.
♦ Maintain “Class I-like” air quality.
♦ Establish part of Stockton Hill Road between the Fountain Hills Road and Vock Canyon
Road as a Scenic Route and preserve scenic vistas
♦ Preserve the night sky for stargazing and enjoyment.
♦ Preserve a sense of privacy and quiet enjoyment
♦ Promote the use of Renewable Energy
The Water Resources Element looks to preserve the water supplies in Long Mountain to
comply with Growing Smarter Plus laws (ARS 11-821). Key goals of the Water Resources
Element are as follows:
♦ Limit water consumption to the aquifer’s natural or enhanced rate of recharge to achieve
safe-yield.
♦ Preserve groundwater quality.
♦ Conserve groundwater resources.
The Land Use Element seeks to preserve a rural community atmosphere by maintaining the
natural amenities that have attracted many buyers to Long Mountain. Goals are as follows:
♦ Maintain an Environment for Small Ranch Properties.
♦ Provide higher density residential development in areas that are experiencing growth
pressure in the southern part of the Planning Area.
♦ Reserve Public Lands for Recreation, Public Purposes & Mountain Preserves.
♦ Establish neighborhood commercial services to promote community independence and
balance, and make the population less dependent upon Kingman for basic necessities.
♦ Encourage the construction of quality, affordable housing.
Providing easy access to public facilities and private properties is the key to the
Transportation/Circulation Element. The low population density makes use of the private
automobile the primary means of transportation. Goals are as follows:
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♦ Maintain reasonable free-flow of traffic (Level of Service “B”) along Stockton Hill Road.
♦ Reduce automobile dependency for short trips under one mile.
Ensuring for adequate public services and mitigating fire and flood hazards is the focus of the
Public Safety Element. Goals are as follows:
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦

Provide adequate sheriff and fire protection to all residents within the planning area.
Decrease emergency response times.
Improve Roadway Safety and Drivability.
Preserve natural floodways and floodplains.
Create usable building sites.

Section III provides, in tabular form, a brief overview of the key tools that can be used to
implement this plan. This section is intended to give citizens and public officials a single
reference source for information about the tools available to the County and other agencies in
carrying out the plan.
The Area Plan is a guide to action. It is not, in itself, an implementation tool. By ensuring that
individual County actions are consistent with the policies of the Area Plan, the community can
effectively achieve its goals. For example, the Planning and Zoning Commission and Board of
Supervisors will use the Plan’s policies and Land Use Diagram to decide whether to approve a
proposed rezoning or zoning use permit.
The Area Plan should be used to prepare road improvement plans, and other facilities and
improvements. The Plan should be a dynamic document, subject to periodic modification when
conditions within Long Mountain change significantly. Periodic review and amendment of the
Plan will be needed to ensure that it continues to address the needs of the community.

iv

Vicinity Map

v

Table of Contents
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Vicinity Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vi

List of Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

viii

Implementation Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

viii

Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Content and Organization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

Effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Area Plan Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Vision Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1992 Area Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Natural Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Community Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

Natural Resources Element
Soils and Terrain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Native Plants and Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural Landscape Conservation Goals & Policies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air Quality Goals & Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visual Resource Goals & Policies . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quiet Enjoyment Goals & Policies . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renewable Energy Goals & Policies . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vi

8
9
11
14
15
17
18

Water Resources Element
Hydrogeology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water in Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water Resources Goals & Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21
22
22
23
23
24
25

Land Use Element
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Division of Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Land Use Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recent Lot Split Activity & Buildout Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Development Area Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rural Development Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Suburban Development Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Urban Development Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Land Use Goals & Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Economic Development Goals & Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Housing Goals & Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Land Use Diagram and its Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28
28
29
25
35
35
36
37
38
42
44
46

Transportation & Circulation Element
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roadway Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Traffic Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roadway and Trail Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Growth Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation Goals & Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49
51
52
53
54
54

Public Safety Element
Mohave County Sheriff’s Office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fire Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Public Safety Goals & Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roadway Safety Goals & Policies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flood Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flood Hazards Goals & Policies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vii

57
58
59
61
61
62
64

List of Tables, Maps and Diagrams
Land Tenure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2000 Population Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2000 Senior Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Southern Hualapai Valley Native Vegetation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Southern Hualapai Valley Basin/Aquifer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Water Budgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Existing Long Mountain Area Plan Land Use Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
General Plan Land Use Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Land Tenure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Existing Long Mountain Area Plan Land Use Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Existing General Plan Land Use Designations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Comparison of Conventional and Conservation Subdivisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Hybrid Long Mountain Area Plan Land Use Designations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Hybrid Long Mountain Area Plan Land Use Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Maintenance and Improvement Status of Roadways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Roadways with the Long Mountain Planning Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Roadway Improvement Plan Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Fire District Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Population Density and Surface Hydrology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Cross Section of FEMA Flood Hazard Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Implementation Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Acknowledgments
Board of Supervisors
Pete Byers, District I, Chair

Tom Sockwell, District II

Buster Johnson, District III

County Manager
Ron Walker
Planning & Zoning Commission

Ad Hoc Committee Members

Earl Hamlyn, Chairman, District I
Syd Ervin, Vice-Chairman, District II
Diana Heagle, District III
Rodney C. Burgess, District II
Bill Abbott, District I
Carl E. Flusche, District III
Larry Sinagoga, District II
Joe Bibbich, District I

Bill Abbott, Chair
Steve Goodman, Vice-Chair
Jeff Bayly
Debbie Bayly
Denise Bensusan
Jim Bodenhammer
Judy Bodenhammer
Connie Childers
Wayne Eder
Jack Ehrhardt
Rebecca Goodman
Amy Huggins
Marty Huggins
Dean Johnson
Charles Klatt
Janet Klatt
Penny Kramer
Don Leshnick
Patti Lewis
Kelli Manion
Mike Neal
Ed Parks
John Sampson
Mikki Sampson
Mark Sippel
Brian Wilson
Linda Wilson

Planning and Zoning Department
Christine Ballard, Director
Karl Taylor, Acting Planning Manager
Kevin Davidson, Planner II
Sylvia Shaffer, Planner I
Tricia Crabb, Planning Technician
Theresa Shell, Secretary

Public Works Department
Mike Hendrix, Director
Nick Hont, Assistant Engineer
Steve Latowski, Traffic Engineer

ix

Introduction

Introduction to Long Mountain Area Plan
Purpose
The purpose of the Long Mountain Area Plan is to recognize the distinct character of Long
Mountain and to encourage land use patterns that are consistent with the goals of the General
Plan, the residents, and property owners. The need to update the original 1992 Long Mountain
Area Plan has been acknowledged for the past several years and was formerly recognized when
the Mohave County Board of Supervisors, under advice from the Planning and Zoning
Commission, approved an area plan prioritization list in May of 2000. One of the goals of the
update is to reconcile the Area Plan and General Plan land use diagrams which depict conflicting
land uses. This conflict has caused one plan or the other to be amended over time to allow
various types of residential development. In 2005, the General Plan Update Committee
reaffirmed the need to update the Long Mountain Area Plan given the recent accelerated growth
in the planning area and the County as a whole.
During the 2005 Update several major amendments, seeking urban development densities, were
proposed in the southern part of the planning area. These proposals, including a golf course,
hotel resort, condominium, and RV park covering 640 acres, were recommended by the Board of
Supervisors to be “continued” and be addressed as part of the update to the Long Mountain Area
Plan, after considerable objection from the residents in the neighborhood.
In the course of the Area Plan update, the ad-hoc Update Committee decreased the size of the
planning area by removing Valle Vista and adjacent lands, reducing the size to approximately 61
square miles. This reduction in size reflects a “community of interest,” separate from Valle
Vista, and creates a more manageable plan in the process.
The Area Plan, a component of the General Plan, is a flexible guide for land use and
development for decision makers. It is a statement of community values, ideals, and aspirations
about the best management of the natural and built environments. In addition to defining the
area’s view of the future, the Area Plan describes actions to be taken to achieve a desired future.
The Area Plan uses text and diagrams to establish policies and programs to address those issues
facing the Long Mountain area. The Area Plan is a tool for managing community change to
achieve the desired quality of life.

Contents and Organization
The Area Plan includes three major sections. Section I introduces the Area Plan’s purpose,
content and effect, and describes the process used in preparing the Area Plan. Section I also
presents the vision statement, and summarizes past, existing, and anticipated conditions,
including population growth trends affecting Long Mountain.
Section II, the essence of the Area Plan, establishes goals, policies, and implementation
techniques for the five major elements:
1.

Natural Resources
1

2.
3.
4
5.

Water Resources
Land Use, Housing and Economic Development
Transportation and Circulation
Public Safety

Each Area Plan Element begins with a statement summarizing the most important information
gleaned from the base study research, public meetings with the Area Plan Update Committee,
and other sources to uncover key planning issues relating to the Element. This introduction gives
the reader an understanding of the basis of the goals and policies which will be used by the
County in making decisions on development approvals, public infrastructure financing, and other
issues.
Section III provides, in tabular form, a brief overview of the key tools that can be used to
implement this plan. This section is intended to give citizens and public officials a single
reference source for information about the Area Plan's implementation process. (to be developed)

Effect
Planning is an on-going process, involving various players in the County, and does not “end”
with the adoption of a particular document. As conditions change, the Area Plan may be
requested to be amended to take advantage of new opportunities as well as deal with new risks
arising in Long Mountain. The Area Plan is not intended to be a static document, but a dynamic
guide to help citizens shape the future of the community; however, any amendment must be in
accord with guiding vision as described in Section E (see below) and further developed
elsewhere in the planning document.
Goals are used to describe a desired state of affairs in the future. They provide a broad statement
to which policies and programs may be directed and need not be tied to specific time lines.
Goals in the Area Plan have been written to finish the sentence “Our goal is . . .”
Policies are statements of intent against which individual actions and decisions are evaluated.
Policies are phrased as a sentence, with the agency responsible for implementing the policy
clearly identified. The Mohave County Departments of Planning and Zoning and Public Works
are the main implementing agencies unless otherwise specified. The wording of policies
conveys the intended level of commitment to action. For example, policies which use the word
“shall” are mandatory directives, while those using “should” are statements to be followed unless
there are compelling reasons to do otherwise.
Implementation techniques are actions recommended to carry out policies and procedures. They
are not exhaustive, but give the Area Plan an initial agenda and means of implementation. The
County will need to adopt future budgets, consider new ordinances, and provide staff resources
to implement some of the Area Plan’s goals.
The Area Plan is a guide to action. It is not a direct implementation tool such as an ordinance or
regulation. The Area Plan should be used in evaluating rezoning and zoning use permit cases by
staff, the Planning and Zoning Commission, and the Board of Supervisors, and to prepare road
improvement plans and other facilities and improvements which can be created with a general
2

improvement district, if any. The Area Plan should be a dynamic document, subject to periodic
modification when conditions within Long Mountain change. Periodic review and amendment
of the Plan will be needed to ensure that it continues to address the needs of the community.

Area Plan Development
Notification letters were initially sent to over 220 hundred randomly selected landowners in the
100-plus-square mile notification area. 1 Additional public notification was performed through
the local newspaper in the form of display advertisements and special articles. Posters, noticing
the first meeting, were placed along major thoroughfares. The first meeting was held in October,
2005, at the Kingman Campus of Mohave Community College where over 60 members of the
public attended. An Area Plan Committee was tentatively formed at this time. Committee
members met at least once a month for the next eight months to discuss the issues faced in Long
Mountain and to develop the Area Plan. During this time, meeting minutes were mailed or emailed to interested individuals, most of whom were landowners. Meetings were typically
attended by County officials, Arizona Department of Water Resources representatives, realtors,
residents, and those owning property within the study area. Committee meetings were held on
weeknights at Mohave Community College, with one meeting conducted at the new Hualapai
Valley Fire Station located within the planning area.

Vision for the Future
In order to provide an overall set of guiding principles to develop the Area Plan, a four-part
vision statement was produced to read as follows:
“Maintain current air quality by controlling dust, improving roads, and limiting population
density to prevent degradation from ‘Class I’ type air quality.”
“Water, essential to the lifestyle of current and future residents, will be protected through
conservation and reasonable growth measures in order to maintain safe yield which will be
determined by the best available science from Arizona Department of Water Resources
and/or United States Geologic Survey.”
“Roadways will be sized to accommodate planned traffic, provide for multi-modal and nonvehicular travel and constructed to County standards to be eligible for regular maintenance
at the time of project approval. In addition, the developer or land owner will provide
roadways improvements in proportion to the demand created by the new development,
including the improvement of off-site roadways such as arterials, major collectors, and
feeders.”
“New residential development proposals will be similar to existing residential densities, shall
promote neighborhood stability, and protect and sustain existing lifestyles.”

1

A three percent sample was randomly selected from 7,412 Assessor parcels within the survey area.

3

The vision statement was debated and contemplated over three meetings by the Area Plan
Committee. Each goal in the Area Plan should be in harmony with the vision statement.

The 1992 Area Plan
In 1992, an Area Plan was approved for Long Mountain to conserve natural resources, ensure
efficient expenditure of public funds, and promote the health, safety, convenience and general
welfare of the residents. This action was due to the increased number of parcel splits observed at
the time. Even though the Kingman-area population growth rate in the early 1990s was
considered stable, the need for an area plan to establish land uses compatible with existing
residents and to regulate the growth pattern by establishing primary growth areas was identified
as necessary. This effort represented the first attempt at providing a separate plan for a largely
rural area north of the City of Kingman. At that time, several basic goals were developed to
address the basic infrastructure needs within Long Mountain. Several of these goals have been
implemented. The plan also recognized the severe impact of unregulated, “wildcat” subdivisions
upon the landscape and infrastructure. The combination of inadequate infrastructure and the
increasing number of land divisions sparked amongst the 1992 citizen committee the
“overwhelming desire to keep this area at the current rural density.” The updated Area Plan
follows up on the original goals and provides new goals to reflect the changes that have occurred
in the community in the past 15 years.
Original Goals:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Densities of the existing subdivisions shall not increase without an area plan amendment.
Parcels within “wildcat” subdivisions shall be allowed to be further divided only if the
Area Plan indicates higher densities or with a plan amendment.
The Area Plan’s open space shall be designated as Mountain Preserves or parks.
Major interior roadways shall be designated with 84-foot rights-of-way and major
County Highways shall be designated with 100-foot rights-of-way.
Minor interior arterials will be designated as outlined in the Mohave County Subdivision
(Land) Division Regulations.

Natural Setting
The Planning Area covers the sediment filled basin of the Hualapai Valley, typical of the Basin
and Range province, and the foothills of the Cerbat Mountains to the west. The elevation ranges
from 3,200 to over 5,200 feet above sea level. Mohave Desert scrub, canotia-holocantha, pinionjuniper and numerous grasses grow in these semi-arid and arid soils, respectively.
Winters are relatively mild with daytime high temperatures typically over 40 degrees F., helping
the area to have up to 280 frost-free days at lower elevations. Summer high temperatures
typically are 90 degrees or more with low humidity. Annual rainfall varies from 10" to 18" with
most rain occurring during the winter months. The summer monsoon storms tend to produce
sudden and violent bursts of rainfall that can lead to flash flooding. Wind plays a significant role
in the local weather pattern and can cause dust storms, typically in the afternoons, as wind speeds
increase to 20 mph or more from the south in summer and from the north in winter.
4

Community Background
Long Mountain, a place name taken
from a small mountain range lying
between the Cerbat and Music
Mountains, began as a large ranch
holding operated by the Neal family
in the late 19th Century. Post-war
development began the 1950s with
breaking up and selling off of
various ranch properties closer to
Kingman. These parcels were then
divided into a series of unimproved
subdivision lots, notably various
units Sunward Ho! Ranchos and
Stockton Hill Ranches. These lots
were marketed to the general public
as investment opportunities and
potential retirement home sites.
The land tenure is divided between
public, i.e. BLM (20%), State Trust
(20%) and private (60%), with most
of the later being held in small
parcels. The median parcel size
from the above mentioned random
sample was 2.14 acres. Thirteen
acres was the average parcel size
owing to several large, 1,000-acre
plus private holdings.
The
State
Trust/public/private
checkerboard land ownership pattern
is found throughout the planning
area, with BLM lands to the west and State Trust land to the east (see diagram). Electric and
telephone service is being extended to most lots in the central part of the planning area. Small
neighborhood serving businesses have been, or are in the process of being established along
Stockton Hill, the only major north-south running transportation corridor in planning area and
the only roadway which is completely paved.

5

To illustrate basic demographic and
housing characteristics for the
planning area, several variables have
been displayed from the 2000 Census.
The total population within the
planning area was 1,014 with most
persons living in the southern and
central part of the planning area near
or directly adjacent to Stockton Hill
Road (see diagram). assuming a six
percent annual growth since that since
that time, some 1,440 persons most
likely reside within the 61 square mile
planning area.
Of these 1,014 persons, nearly 91%
identified a non-Hispanic white, with
approximately
5.5%
claiming
Hispanic heritage. Native American,
Asian and Pacific Islander, and black
populations accounted for less than
one percent each of the populace.
The dominate age group consisted of
adults between 40 and 64 years of age
with 42 percent of the population (see
chart). Seniors 65 years of age and
over represented significant cohort
with 18 percent of the population.
This percentage is likely to increase
as more people, particularly the socalled “baby-boomers” begin to retire
in large numbers stating in the year 2010. Those aged
18 to 39 are somewhat less numerous in the planning
area at 17 percent. This low percentage may be
indicative of younger adults leaving Kingman, if not
Mohave County – still a rural county - to seek better
employment opportunities in the fast-growing
metropolitan areas surrounding such as Las Vegas and
Phoenix. This diaspora is reflected in the small
percentage of children under five years of age.

Age Distrubution of 1,014 Persons in 2000

4%

18%

19%

17%
42%

Under 5

5 to 17

18 to 39

40 to 64

65 Plus

A cursory review of housing tenure indicates over 80% of the 407 occupied homes in the
planning area were owner-occupied. Average household size was 2.49 persons, just above the
County average of 2.45 persons per household. Renter housing accounted for a mere seven
percent of all homes with more being classified as vacant (12%). The vacancy rate in the rental
housing market was just over ten percent; however, with only 35 homes in the sample this
6

number may not be the most reliable indicator of true vacancy rates and demand for rental
housing.
Given the presence of an
increasingly
senior
and
dependant population in the
future, the location of these
households
should
offer
convenient access to services to
those who dwell within them and
be easily accessed by fire and
life-safety responders. In 2000,
several census blocks indicated
senior-headed household made
up over 80% of all households
within the census block (see
diagram).
These
highpercentage census blocks were
located, for the most part, in the
southern part of the planning
area, south of Jane Avenue. At
that time, however, very few
were within a fire district, with
fewer still living adjacent to a
paved or even a Countymaintained native material road.
Since that time, the Hualapai
Valley Fire District has annexed
several square miles and the
County’s road maintenance has
been extended. With the advent
of new development, mostly in
the areas adjacent to Kingman,
pavement has been extended in
the higher residential density
portion of the planning area.

7

Draft Natural Resources
Element

Natural Resources Element
The Natural Resources Element addresses issues relating to the southern Hualapai Valley’s
physical environment and includes sections on soils and terrain, native plants, air quality, noise,
scenic resources and renewable energy. Each section includes an overview of existing
conditions, trends, goals and policies to guide the community’s approach to maintain or improve
their environment and a list of implementation techniques assigning tasks to various groups
and/or government agencies.
Soils and Terrain
Soils are among the most important state natural resources. Soils provide sustenance for animals
and man and support buildings and highways, while contributing to the economies of our cities,
the productivity of our farms and rangelands, and the vitality of our wildlife and wilderness
areas.
David Hendricks, Arizona Soils
Soils within the planning area fall in two broad categories. The first soil category is composed of
semi-arid soils along the foothills of the Cerbat Mountains. These soils are shallow to deep,
gravelly, cobbly and stony, fine-textured, nearly level to very steep soils on basaltic plains,
mesas and hills. Soil temperatures are between 47° to 59° F with annual rainfall from 10 to 18
inches. This association consists of well-drained soils on plains, mesas, hills and very steep
escarpments in scattered areas throughout. The soils support the pinion-juniper and cedar plant
communities found in the western third of the area plan. The principal factors limiting the
potential of these soils for development of home sites and recreation sites are high shrink-swell
rates, clay textures, slow to very slow permeability and excessive rock fragments on the surface.
The second and dominant soil is the warmer (thermic) type found in the flatter areas east of the
Cerbat Mountains. They are similar in nature to the semi-arid soils but receive less rainfall.
Factors limiting the potential of these areas for urban development are the excessive slope and
high gravel content and high lime content in the lower horizons of all major soils. These
limitations have been partially overcome or compensated for by proper engineering design and
construction techniques.
The Bureau of Land Management’s
suggested management practice on these soils
is to retain the site’s natural vegetation as
much as possible to sustain wildlife and also
prevent erosion. Recognizing that all-terrain
vehicles (ATVs) will be used in the desert,
the BLM also suggests that certain zones and
trails be designated as “sacrifice areas” with
the remaining landscape left undisturbed.
A cross-section of a typical basin and range
hydrogeologic structure shows the mountain
front and alluvial fill where the aquifer’s lie
(see diagram). The critical area for recharge is at the base of the mountains where they intersect
8

the alluvium (D. Hendricks, 1990). The washes also provide good recharge areas and serve as
places for habitat to cluster since the vegetation is typically more intense along the wash edges
than elsewhere.
Native Plants and Animals
The western edge of the area plan boundary, along the Stockton Hill Road corridor proceeding
upward to the Cerbat Mountains, contain the Pinion-Juniper, Cedar and Holacantha associations.
The balance of the area consists of salt bush, grama grass, creosote and bursage (see map). This
mixed scrub regime is in a disclimax state due to overgrazing and historic fire suppression
methods causing in some instance
the encroachment of junipers into
traditional
grasslands.
Identifying these areas is critical
in determining the type of
development density and design
guidelines, such as conventional
subdivisions
or
cluster
development, to preserve the
landscape and protect habitat.
Washes are also important lifezones and should be preserved
and incorporated into the
subdivision design. In addition,
roadways,
having
positive
crowns, allow the water to run-off
to the shoulders and create
additional strips of plant life
flanking the otherwise barren
travel surface.
The Hualapai Valley marks the
transition between the Mohave
Desert and the Colorado Plateau.
There are a handful of distinct
plant
communities
in
the
2
Hualapai Valley as follows:
Arizona interior chaparral turbinella
oak,
paint-leaf
manzanita and silk tassel bush
compose this evergreen shrub
community found between the
4,000'
6,000'
elevation.
Coverage ranges from 40% to 70% per acre. Annual rainfall is from 13" and 17". This plant
population is found at the higher elevations in the Cerbat Mountains and provides a visual and
2

These passages have been taken from Arizona Soils, David M. Hendricks, University of Arizona, 1990.

9

recreational resource. When a chaparral area is prevented from undergoing burns the
accumulated biomass is so great that when the fire eventually occurs it is hot enough to destroy
the underground plant structures that would otherwise guarantee the chaparral's succession by
more chaparral. Grasslands will become the dominant community if the previously chaparralcovered area burns many times without any chance for re-growth
Pinion-juniper - these two trees are found mostly in the northern half of Arizona are mixed
together and co-dominate their habitat which ranges in elevation from 4,500' - 7,500'.
Precipitation ranges from 9" to 12", annually. This habitat is found along Stockton Hill Road
especially in the southern portion of the area plan where they constitute a small forest unique to
elevations below 4,500 feet. Tree densities have increased, and junipers and pinion pines have
expanded upslope into ponderosa pine forests and downslope into grass and shrub communities.
Pinions dominate at higher elevations, commonly including a significant shrub component of
oaks and alderleaf, mountain mahogany and limited grasses. Juniper tends to grow at lower
elevations and in more arid areas. Juniper-dominated woodlands tend to include open savannas
of scattered trees without a significant shrub component, except in areas where big sagebrush has
become dominant as a consequence of overgrazing. There are relatively few vertebrates endemic
to pinion-juniper woodlands, but there are significant levels of biodiversity in vegetation and soil
organisms.
This habitat includes sagebrush, goldenbush, wildflowers such as Indian paintbrush, and Mojave
prickly pear cactus. Scrub jays--blue but not crested--and antelope ground squirrels. Also in the
high elevations, bighorn can be found.
Canotia holacantha - is a small tree that is more convergent in appearance with foothill palo
verde than with the other crucifixion thorns. It is common on hillsides in central Arizona south of
the Mogollon Rim. This plant community provides a transition zone between the pinion-juniper
plant community along the eastern foot of the Cerbat Mountains and the mixed scrub and
grasslands located generally east of Stockton Hill Road.
Mohave Desert Scrub - desert scrub is usually between about 1,000 and 4,000 ft elevation.
Average annual precipitation is 5 to 11 in, most of which falls in the winter. Mohave sage and
woolly-fruited bursage are near-endemic shrubby species. Although the Mohave Desert is shrubdominated, several large plants such as the Joshua tree and Mohave yucca are endemic; catclaw
and mesquite grow along washes. Creosote bush and/or white bursage often dominate extensive
areas. Making a clear distinction between desert scrub and grassland vegetation zones is difficult
because of the invasion of the grasslands by desert scrub vegetation. Before immigrant
settlement of the Southwest, fires were frequent and widespread and may have restricted shrub
invasion.
Other plants within the Mohave Desert include desert mallow, brittlebush, and hedgehog cactus.
There are several types of cholla, diamond (pencil), silver and teddy bear to name a few.
Roadrunners nest in this type of scrub. This also is the home of the desert tortoise, which dig
burrows in the sandy soil. Designated an endangered species, desert tortoises and their habitat are
protected by federal law. 3
3

The Sonoran desert tortoise is considered a sensitive species by both the BLM and Arizona Game and Fish
Department (AGFD) and was a Category II candidate under the Endangered Species Act. The tortoise’s primary

10

Shrub-Grass-Scrub Disclimax Communities - Communities that are considered disclimax are
thought to be recently disturbed and may include several species which, though they may be
abundant at this time, will eventually be excluded as the climax species takes over the site. Until
the late 1800s and the coming of the railroad and the cattle industry, the only large animals to
graze these lands were pronghorn antelope. It took only 10-15 years of overgrazing by cattle near
the end of the last century to extensively alter these ecosystems. The native bunchgrasses, not
generally tolerant of grazing, sustained high mortality when grazed heavily in spring. Wildfires,
once common in these grasslands, are far less frequent today as grazing has left less residual
grass to carry fires and land management agencies maintain fire suppression policies. Both
grazing and fire suppression favored shrub species over grasses and accelerated soil erosion. Site
conditions have been permanently altered, and Eurasian annual grass species such as cheatgrass
have aggressively colonized vast areas.
Riparian Scrub - This habitat traverses all other plant communities within the study area and can
be found in narrow, linear paths within washes. This riparian community in the Hualapai Valley
is considered to be Xeroriparian because it does not depend upon free flowing water in the soil.
Washes generally flow intermittently after heavy rains and create specific plant communities.
Plant life in washes is lush and deep-rooted. Plants range from shrubs such as the catclaw acacia,
four-wing saltbush, to taller trees such as desert willow and cottonwood. Birds, including
migratory finches, orioles, and tanagers, as well as animals such as the blacktail jackrabbit and
red-spotted toad are attracted to these life zones. Roadside water runoff can also create a
miniature habitat of its own. The sacred datura (thorn apple) thrives in this water runoff, making
it standout along roads. Riparian communities are similar to the adjacent plant community but
have increased coverage and greater diversity.
Arizona Native Plant Law
The Arizona Department of Agriculture is responsible for enforcing the State’s native plant law
(ARS §3-903). The protected plant groups include any native plant growing wild on any
property, public or private; manmade landscapes are exempt. Native plants include all cacti,
ocotillo, yucca, Ironwood, Palo Verde and Mesquite and 16 other federally listed threatened or
endangered species. Under Arizona State law it may be illegal to destroy these plants without
following the necessary notice procedures.

Natural Landscape Conservation
Preserving the beauty of foothills, rock outcrops, and the desert environment are methods to
maintain the aesthetic appeal of the Cerbat Mountains and the Hualapai Valley. These attributes
have led many people to purchase property in this part of Mohave County. Policies designed to
prevent clearing the entire site of its plant material and preserving portions of the property in a
natural state will help maintain this unique desert environment.

habitat includes the creosote-white bursage, Joshua tree-mixed shrub, Joshua tree-juniper and paloverde-mixed
cactus plant communities

11

Goal 1

Preserve native vegetation with emphasis along the base of the mountains,
foothills, slopes and the washes.

Policy 1.1

Maintain native vegetation, except to the extent necessary to accommodate site
access, parking areas, fire breaks, and structural improvements during the
development of new housing tracts and businesses requiring rezone actions.

Policy 1.2

Provide conservation easements on newly created lots and parcels where native
habitat and unique plants have been identified for preservation.

Policy 1.3

Conservation design practices, such as greenway dedication and conservation
subdivisions, will be required of new developments proposed in areas designated
for preservation and shall be tailored to minimize the alteration of natural
landforms and native vegetation and to enhance distinctive natural features.
Green-belting shall also be used to buffer adjoining development.

Policy 1.4

Flood plains and riparian areas shall be incorporated into public open space and
greenway systems for all new developments. Structures for human habitation
shall be located on the portions of property outside of delineated floodplains.

Policy 1.5

Encourage the BLM and Arizona State Trust to designate lands for conservation
and possible acquisition as permanent open-space.

Implementation
Maintaining native plant material will be done under the guidance of each new development’s
private C.C.& R.s. Mohave County does not posses a landscape ordinance or hillside
development ordinance at this time. Until such time as the County sees fit to adopt these
ordinances, the Area Plan will be used to guide development that requires rezone action. Cluster
development practices will also be used to preserve native habitat and landscape. In the event
that the site is overly encumbered, the developer will have the option of transferring
development rights to another location per ARS 11-821.03 (see below for guidelines on
implementation). The County will adopt such procedures, methods and standards as prescribed
by Statute to enable these transfers. Conservation easements will be asked for with any rezoning
action approved by Mohave County based on the “Conservation” map.

Goal 2

Preserve the natural and aesthetic value of hillsides.

Policy 2.1

Based upon the land use diagram’s designation, divided parcel sizes for
residential use shall be based on the site’s average cross-slope as follows:

a)
b)

Where the average cross slope is up to 10%, parcel size may be less than 1 acre;
Where the average cross slope is 10.1% to 15%, parcel size shall be at least 1
acre;
12

c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Policy 2.2

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Where the average cross slope is 15.1% to 20%, parcel size shall be at least 2.5
acres;
Where the average cross slope is 20.1% to 25%, parcel size shall be at least 5
acres;
Where the average cross slope is 25.1% to 28%, parcel size shall be at least 10
acres;
Where the average cross slope is 28.1% to 31%, parcel size shall be at least 20
acres;
Where the average cross slope exceeds 31%, parcel size shall be at least 36 acres.
The total amount of grading, based upon a percent of the total parcel area, where
the average cross slope is 15% or greater 4 , shall be as follows:
15% for the first 2.5 acres, or 10% of the entire property, whichever is greater,
for sites with 2.5 to 4.99 acres;
10% for the first 5 acres, or 7% of the entire property, whichever is greater, for
sites with 5 to 14.99 acres;
7% for the first 15 acres, or 5% of the entire property, whichever is greater, for
sites with 15 to 35.99 acres;
5% for the first 36 acres, or 3% of the entire property, whichever is greater, for
sites with 36 acres or more.
For sites with less than 15% average cross-slope, grading shall be limited to one
third of the entire property for single-family homes and two-thirds of the entire
site for non-residential or subdivision development where engineered grading is
required.

Policy 2.3

Rock outcrops shall be integrated into site design and left undisturbed.

Policy 2.4

Non-residential land uses established by a zoning use permit or rezoning shall be
limited to sites where the average cross slope is not greater than 15%.

Policy 2.5

Primary structures placed on hillsides, ridge lines or mountain peaks shall be
finished with a neutral color scheme which blends with the natural desert colors.

Implementation
Cross-slope and grading criteria will be adopted in a “Policy and Procedure Memorandum” by
the Planning and Zoning Department or placed into a new hillside development ordinance
(Guidelines on cross-slope calculations and grading amounts have been taken from Pima
County’s Hillside Development Ordinance – see exhibit). All properties requiring a rezoning or
zoning use permit will be reviewed in respect to cross-slope by the Planning and Zoning
Department with the assistance of the Department of Public Works, as necessary. Applicants
will provide an accurate map of the subject property for this review. Grading permits are
typically required by the Building Division when grading exceeds 100 cubic yards. Grading
plans will be reviewed according to these guidelines. Clearing and grubbing a site may require
4

For sites with less than 15% average cross-slope, grading shall be limited to one third of the entire property for
single family homes and two-thirds of the entire site for non-residential or subdivision development.

13

notification to the State to comply with the Arizona Native Plant Law. Each new development’s
private C.C.& R.s should address the clearing and grubbing of a site.
Mohave County does not have an aesthetic design
review section in its Zoning Ordinance. However, the
County does condition zoning use permit or rezone
approvals for public utility assets, such as water tanks,
with a neutral color scheme to blend in with the
natural setting. This condition should be placed in all
applicable rezoning and zoning use permit resolutions
granted by Mohave County. Color schemes may also
be regulated by private C.C.& R.s for new
developments.
A transfer of development rights ordinance applied to the Long Mountain Area Plan will develop
guidelines as follows:
1.

Transfer of development rights (TDR) shall only occur for lands within the planning area
with rights not transferable from lands beyond the area plan boundary.

2.

A transfer of development rights shall not increase the development potential or density
of a single property by more than 33 percent as measured by an increase in lot count or
building square footage.

3.

Developments rights shall not be transferred from otherwise uneconomical or unbuildable
land as defined in the Natural Resources Element.

Air Quality
Part of the vision for the Area Plan reads as follows: “Maintain current air quality by controlling
dust, improving roads, and limiting population density to prevent degradation from ‘Class I - like’ air
quality.” The Hualapai Valley, currently within a Class II air shed, enjoys Class I-type air quality

and seeks to maintain this air quality at the upper range of the Class II designation. 5 Both
Phoenix and Las Vegas are within Class II air sheds and are occasionally are in violation. This
lower designation has allowed the air quality in these cities to be degraded to an arguably
unhealthful level. The Hualapai Tribe is trying to expand the Class I air shed, currently on the
surrounding national park lands, so it too can be protected. New industry would have use best
available control technology (BACT) to filter emissions. The local economy has a significant
tourism sector and clean air is one of the contributing assets. Clear, clean air also attracts new
residents; however, growing populations typically lead to degraded air quality. Dust is the major
contributor to airborne particulates in rural parts of Mohave County. At high concentrations
these particulates can pose health problems. Even small amounts in the air can cause visibilityreducing haze. If proactive land use policies are prescribed, then area residents may never have
to deal with costly remediation programs, such as auto-emission testing, to make up for pollution
created by other sources.

5

See Title I, Part C - Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air Quality, Clean Air Act.

14

Dust from unpaved roads is not only a nuisance but creates a safety hazard by reducing the
driver’s visibility. Dust also affects the health of road users and increases wear-and-tear on
vehicles. Fine particles, including dust, act to help hold the surface of unpaved roads together.
With a loss of fine particles from the roadway, there is an increase in roadway surface raveling
and maintenance costs. These fines are smaller than what the eye can see and pass through the 75
µm (No. 200) sieve. Since the fines act as a binder that holds the surface of the unpaved road
together, removing them is not a good option. 6

Goal 3

Maintain “Class I-like” air quality.

Policy 3.1

Require Best Available Control Technology for new industry to keep the air
quality in “Class I-like” condition.

Policy 3.2

Mitigate dust on unpaved roads, at construction sites and at sand and non-exempt
gravel mining operations with the appropriate dust palliative.

Policy 3.3

Re-vegetation of disturbed areas with native plant material shall be required.

Policy 3.4

Where appropriate, in the approval of new construction permits, the County will
encourage the installation of low-emission producing wood burning stoves.

Policy 3.5

Limit grading on individual parcels, except to the extent necessary to
accommodate site access, parking areas, fire breaks, and structural improvements
during the development of new housing tracts and businesses requiring rezone
actions.

Policy 3.6

Limit the clearing of vegetation on individual parcels, except to the extent
necessary to accommodate site access, parking areas, fire breaks, and structural
improvements during the development of new housing tracts and businesses
requiring rezone actions.

Policy 3.7

Mohave County shall encourage the use of alternate electric power generation

Policy 3.8

Maintain natural “desert pavement” and native plant material. Lots and parcels
should not be graded/grubbed until construction is ready to proceed.

Policy 3.9

Limit new land divisions accessing off of unpaved roadways.

Implementation
Grading permits are typically required by the Building Division when grading exceeds 100 cubic
yards. Grading plans will be reviewed according to these guidelines. Grading permits (specify
cu. yd. amount) will be accompanied with a dust mitigation plan based upon the International
6

Dust Palliative Selection and Application Guide, USDA, 1999.

15

Building Code guidelines. The Arizona Ambient Air Quality Guidelines will be referenced by
staff during development approval process. Clearing and grubbing a site may require
notification to the State to comply with the Arizona Native Plant Law. Each new development’s
private C.C.& R.s should also address the clearing and grubbing of a site.

Visual Resources
The Visual Resource Management Classes depicted in the BLM’s 1993 Resource Management
Plan (see map), indicates the pinion-juniper and holocantha native plant communities are nearly
identical to the outlines of the Class II and Class III view resources. These are less than the
Class I view resources found in the Mt. Tipton Wilderness Area, but do indicate a visual resource
which should be protected with a sensitive hillside development policy.
In addition, vast open spaces, attributed the public lands, ranching activity and limited
development have lessened the human impact on panoramic vistas. Future development should
be designed to enhance these resources rather than detract from them.

Goal 4

Establish part of Stockton Hill Road between the Fountain Hills Road and
Vock Canyon Road as a Scenic Route.

Policy 4.1

Petition the Mohave County Planning & Zoning Commission and Board of
Supervisors to amend Exhibit V.7 of the Mohave County General Plan to include
this portion of Stockton Hill Road as a Scenic Route.

Policy 4.2

Provide appropriate signage indicating scenic routes and vistas.

Goal 5

Preserve the scenic vistas and the hillsides

Policy 5.1

Limit housing development on hillsides by placing
development on the site’s lower elevations and on
more gentle slopes.

Policy 5.2

Encourage development practices which integrate
building footprints and facades with the site’s natural
terrain and color pallet.

Policy 5.3

Require new housing proposals to place conservation
easements over open space reserved for hillsides to
prevent future land division and development.

Policy 5.4

Encourage land owners to use conservation land
trusts to acquire developments rights to preserve
hillsides from development

Implementation
16

Scenic routes can be adopted by Mohave County after research has been done. Neighborhood
groups, using the help of the Planning and Zoning Department, will petition the Board of
Supervisors for additional roadway and scenic vistas. Signs designating scenic roadways and
vistas will be processed through the Department of Public Works or the developer, depending
upon the status of the roadway. These signs will be funded by the private sector. The impact of
new buildings on scenic vistas and hillsides can be addressed through the Zoning Ordinance and
Land Division Regulations when new housing developments and master planned communities
are reviewed and approved by the County.
The night sky is also a resource making country lifestyle attractive. Increasing urbanization in
the Hualapai Valley is slowly degrading the darkness of the night sky. Even though the darkness
of the night sky is also impacted by adjacent city development, the ambient glow of outside
lighting placed in the public and private domain within the planning area should be mitigated.

Goal 6

Preserve the night sky for stargazing and enjoyment.

Policy 6.1

Limit outside lighting in non-residential developments to 0.2 foot candles in
parking areas and walkways.

Policy 6.2

Spotlights shall not be taller than the on-site structures and shall face into the
property, illuminating the structures and not the adjoining properties.

Policy 6.3

Any future street lighting district will limit the mounting height of the fixtures to
20' above the road surface. Street lights may only be placed at intersections and
at areas with high volume traffic.

Policy 6.4

The use of yard lights, operating with motion detectors from dusk to dawn, in lieu
of street lights in new developments shall be encouraged.

Implementation
Mohave County currently uses Ordinance 87-1 to preserve “dark sky.” This ordinance is
designed to protect astronomical observatories rather than residents. Non-single-family
residential development will require a site plan review by County staff. Lighting will be
evaluated prior to approval. Regulations of lighting for individual residents can be accomplished
with private C.C.& R.s. An improvement district, if formed, will design and regulate the
operation of any street lighting district.

Quiet Enjoyment & Privacy
Maintaining the peace and sense of privacy is critical in perpetuating a rural atmosphere and
allows one to become connected with the natural environment without distractions which
pervade an otherwise technologically advanced culture. Many recent land purchasers have
bought property to “get away” from the big city “hustle and bustle” and plan to build a home one
day, usually upon retirement. Rather than lose this potential increase to the County’s tax base
when future homebuilders realize that the community they bought into 10 to 20 years earlier is
17

less than what they expected, several goals and policies, if begun today, should help preserve the
rural feel of the planning area and ensure future investment. Noise criteria is based on Exhibit
V.6 of the Mohave County General Plan

Goal 7

Limit daytime noise emissions between new residential subdivisions and
existing residential lots to 60 dBA at the fence line and nighttime noise
emissions to 55 dBA.

Policy 7.1

Provide screening (solid fences, walls, plantings, berms) between new and
existing residential uses.

Goal 8

Limit daytime noise emissions from new non-residential land uses and both
new and existing residential lots to 65 dBA at the fence line and nighttime
noise emissions to 60 dBA.

Policy 8.1

Provide screening (solid fences, walls, plantings, berms) between non-residential
and residential uses.

Implementation
Most noise emissions from a 36-acre-plus residential parcel will be muffled to meet the 60-65
dBA criteria measured at the property line. Smaller parcels may require screening to some
extent. These noise criteria would also tend to encourage home builders to place their homes in
the center of the property. Developers of non-residential sites will have their properties rezoned
and subsequent site plans reviewed by County staff prior to construction. The appropriate
buffers will be required at that time. Screening will be constructed by new development.

Goal 9

Maintain the sense of privacy between residential properties.

Policy 9.1

Provide conservation easements along the perimeter of lots when parcels are
divided by a rezone action to preserve native plant screening where occurs.
Conservation easements should be at least 20' wide along roadways.

Policy 9.2

All open lot storage should be enclosed by some type of vegetative or constructed
screening.

Implementation
Developers of 36-acre plus properties are encouraged to provide building setback dimensions
within their C.C.& R.s beyond the County’s minimum as prescribed in the Zoning Ordinance.
Conservation easements will be asked for by the Planning and Zoning Department when
rezoning action occur on environmentally sensitive lands with natural vegetative screening.

18

Renewable Energy
With the re-adoption the Mohave County General Plan in 2005, it is the intent of the County to
promote the use of an alternative to fossil-fuel-generated electrical power. This policy directive
supports the Environmental Portfolio Standard adopted by the Arizona Corporation Commission
in 2001, currently subject to revision, which would increase the 1.1 percent requirement of total
retail electric sales from environmentally-friendly resources such as wind and solar by 2007 to
15% of all retail electric sales by 2025. Distributed generation, such as that installed by
individuals at their home and small businesses, is a portion of the annual renewable energy
requirement that must be at least 30% after 2010.
The County will also review the energy demand of structures to achieve a building which needs
less energy by design with the goal of creating a Zero-Energy Home. The philosophy of such an
approach combines site layout, envelope design, building materials and distributed generation to
create a building which produces as much energy, in this case electricity, as it consumes
annually.

Goal 10

Through distributed renewable energy resources, reduce the consumption of
conventional energy resources that would otherwise be used to provide
electricity to the customer.

Policy 10.1

Encourage the use of distributed generation in master-planned communities or in
subdivisions with 200 or more lots by orienting lots and/or homes for southern
exposure.

Policy 10.2

Encourage the use of renewable energy in master-planned communities or in
subdivisions with 200 or more lots by requiring CC&Rs to not discriminate
against distributed generation applications such as solar and wind energy when
lots are at least 20,000 feet in size for the latter.

Policy 10.3

Homebuilders with subdivisions of 200 or more lots will construct at least 10% of
the new homes to meet EPA Energy Star standards.

Policy 10.4

Require master planned communities and subdivisions with “model homes” to
have at least one model home designed as a Zero-Energy Home.

Implementation
Distributed generation, Energy Star standards and Zero-Energy Homes can be prescribed through
the Zoning Ordinance, the Building Code and development agreements when new development
projects are approved by the County. The Mohave County Planning and Zoning Department will
provide assistance, via technical specifications, for those persons wanting to install alternate
power generation equipment.

19

Draft Water Resources
Element

Water Resources Element
Water is scarce in the semiarid southwestern United States. Mohave County’s Hualapai Valley
is no exception, with only ephemeral streams flowing in the otherwise dry washes during the
rainy seasons. Water supplies in arid and desert environments usually come from groundwater
stores (40% of the State’s water supply) that have been accumulating for several million years.
The General Plan emphasizes this point by noting:
There appears to be enough water to meet anticipated demands in the rapidly urbanizing
parts of the County for the next 40 to 50 years, long term water planning throughout the
County will require better information than is currently available. Development of a
County-wide water budget that identifies water supplies and demands for identified
groundwater basin sub-areas will enable the County to use its water resources most
efficiently.
None of Mohave County’s groundwater basins are within an Active Management Area (AMA),
where new development must provide proof of a 100-year assured water supply. 7
Seeing water as a finite resource, the State of Arizona has adopted a proactive policy that
requires municipal and county governments to develop a water element for their general plans.
As part of Growing Smarter Plus approved in 2000, counties must develop a water element for
the General Plan that addresses, a) the known legally and physically available surface water,
groundwater and effluent supplies, b) the demand for water that will result from future growth
projected in the county plan, added to existing uses, and c) An analysis of how the demand for
water that will result from future growth projected in the comprehensive plan will be served by
the water supplies identified in subdivision (a) of this paragraph or a plan to obtain additional
necessary water supplies. Conservation is one way to increase supply, reducing demand is
another. The statute does not mention the 100-year supply, required in an AMA, and simply
asks how future growth will be served by the identified water supplies. The Area Plan will
develop a water element and also offer a water budget in accordance with Implementation
Measure WQ2 to prevent the mining or, in some cases, further mining of groundwater.
The Hualapai Valley Basin, covering some 1,820 square miles provides water to ranchers,
industry, individuals with private wells and to the City of Kingman’s primary well field (see
map). In addition, two new cities consisting of over 57,000 housing units, proposed by Rhodes
Homes, will draw approximately one half of the water in storage over the next 100 years. How
will this affect the water supplies of the existing residents? How much water can be allocated for
future industrial and residential use? The Area Plan Committee’s concern is reflected in the
vision statement as follows: “Water, essential to the lifestyle of current and future residents, will
be protected through conservation and reasonable growth measures in order to maintain safe
yield which will be determined by the best available science from ADWR and/or USGS.” The
Water Element will focus on these issues and develop a conservation strategy. Given the growth
forces beyond the areal extent of the planning area, a basin wide approach to water planning is
needed.
7

Approximately a dozen entities in Mohave County have Colorado River allocations from the Bureau of
Reclamation. The City of Kingman has sold their 18,500 annual allocation to users along the river in return for the
development of their groundwater resources in the Hualapai and Sacramento drainage basins.

20

Hydrogeology:
Rainfall and water from melting snow pack infiltrates into the basin’s aquifer through mountain
fronts and washes, with some water being trapped in granite fissures. Wells, especially those for
municipal use will create “cones of depression” due to high pumping volumes. Contaminants,
percolating into the soil, and the groundwater, are also an issue and should be mitigated. The
key to an aquifer’s yield is the saturation of its sand and gravel. Coarse material typically holds
more air and water than finer silts and clays.
The Hualapai Valley basin-fill
sediments range to as much as
6,400 feet thick (Oppenheimer
and Sumner, 1980), and have
been divided into three separate
units: a younger alluvium, an
intermediate alluvium, and an
older alluvium (Gillespie and
Bentley, 1971).
Groundwater
moves from the mountain fronts
towards the center of the valley,
then flows north and exits the
basin as underflow to Lake Mead
(Gillespie and Bentley, 1971).
The younger alluvium yields
small amounts of water to stock
and domestic wells in mountain
canyons. The bedrock is generally
non-water bearing. However,
fractured and weathered zones in
the bedrock do provide some
water to low-yield wells, and
numerous springs and seeps. In
the central part of the valley, the
younger
and
intermediate
alluvium are above the water
table, and therefore, dry. The
intermediate alluvium is a
dependable aquifer only along the
valley margins where the unit
intersects the water table. The
older alluvium is the main aquifer
in the Hualapai Valley basin.
Volcanic rocks are interbedded with the older alluvium in the southern part of Hualapai Valley
and form a secondary system (Cella Barr Associates, 1990). The older alluvium can store and
transmit large amounts of water; well yields up to 1,500 gallons per minute have been reported
(Remick, 1981). Depth to water ranges from 500 to 900 feet below land surface in the central
21

and southern parts of the basin and to 300 feet below land surface near Red Lake (Remick,
1981).
Recharge to the valley aquifers is from streambed infiltration. Recharge from precipitation on the
valley floor is negligible due to high evapotranspiration rates. Freethey and Anderson (1986)
estimate that recharge is 4,000 acre-feet per year in the Hualapai Valley basin. Approximately
1,000 acre-feet of that total are underflow from the Hackberry area, and 3,000 acre-feet are from
streambed infiltration (Freethey and Anderson, 1986; Gillespie and Bentley, 1971). However, the
Truxton Canyon Water Company's well field may be intercepting most of the underflow from
the Hackberry area (Remick, 1981). Actual net recharge into the basin may be only 3,000 acrefeet per year. Given the importance of natural recharge areas, the General Plan recommends
“key recharge areas in the mountains and bajadas should be protected from development
activities that degrade water quality. The effects of urban runoff and septic systems effluent on
groundwater quality should be minimized.”
The Arcadis hydrological survey from 2002 found the Kingman well field has created a
sufficient “cone of depression” to alter the subsurface flow in the southern part of the Hualapai
Basin. It was assumed, prior to municipal water withdrawal, the subsurface flow was northward
to Red Lake. The cone of depression may have lowered the water table sufficiently to prevent
the sub-surface flow from traversing the bedrock highpoint at the base of Long Mountain. This
bedrock highpoint occurs along the northern boundary of the Area Plan, possibly dividing the
basin into two separate aquifers, the second being in the Red Lake area.
Recently, the U.S. Geological Survey began a five-year study of several groundwater basins
within Mohave County including the Hualapai Basin. The study, part of the Rural Watershed
Initiative, will estimate the total water in storage in the ground-water system on the basis of the
geometry of the hydrologic units, estimates of hydraulic conductivity and storage properties the
hydrologic units. Water budgets will also be updated at this stage to include “subsurface inflow
and outflow, ground-water pumpage, evapotranspiration of shallow ground water (if any),
discharge from springs in the basin fill (if any), and recharge originating from precipitation and
runoff within the basin.” When complete, the Area Plan’s water budget will be revisited
Quality:
The chemical quality of water from the older alluvium aquifer in the Hualapai valley generally is
good. Total dissolved solids range from 210 to 1,100 milligrams per liter (mg/l); however, in
some areas in or near the mountains groundwater is highly mineralized. Total dissolved solids in
these areas ranges from 1,430 to 2,365 mg/l (Gillespie and Bentley, 1971). The recommended
secondary maximum contaminant level for total dissolved solids in drinking water is 500 mg/l
(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1988). Fluoride concentrations in water ranged from 0.1
to 6.5 mg/l (Remick, 1981). High concentrations of sodium chloride may occur in wells near the
salt deposit in the area of Red Lake. 8
Water in Storage:
8

The Arcadis study found the water north of Red Lake, being down gradient from the salt mass, becomes
increasingly saline at greater depths. Salinity begins to be noticeable at approximately 1,000 below the ground
surface and could limit the water’s potability.

22

Total groundwater availability to 1,200 feet below land surface in the basin is estimated to be
5,000,000 acre-feet (Freethey and Anderson, 1986; Arizona Department of Water Resources,
1988). In the 1980s it was assumed the Hualapai Valley was probably in a state of limited
groundwater depletion. The average water level decline rate for the basin is 1.4 feet per year
(Arizona Department of Water Resources, 1994). The Arcadis study estimated the Hualapai
Valley contains approximately 15 million acre feet of fresh groundwater. The estimate of 15
million acre-feet of fresh water in storage has not been verified by ADWR; however, the
estimate does include water below 1,200 feet below the land surface which may be recoverable,
but at additional cost.
Provisional data from a University of Arizona “Carbon 14” age analysis of water taken from one
well site in the Hualapai Valley, near DW Ranch and I-40, being some 615 feet deep, with water
level at 460 feet, indicates this water to be approximately 13,000 years old. Additional studies
will be needed to estimate the rate of recharge to the aquifer.
Demand:
A 2000 Census block analysis
Population Growth (DES 2005) & Water Use (Acre Feet) in the Hualapai Valley
indicated 31,765 persons resided within
500,000
the basin.
The population in the
0
Hualapai Valley has increased by
-500,000
several thousand since that time. The -1,000,000
Kingman water service area serves -1,500,000
some 40,000 persons, with a small -2,000,000
population in the Sacramento Valley. -2,500,000
Annual municipal well field declines -3,000,000
are still in the 1-2 foot range. Growth -3,500,000
projections from a 1997 Department of -4,000,000
Economic Security estimate placed -4,500,000
some 105,000 persons in the Kingman -5,000,0002000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
Year
area by 2100. 9 These annual growth
Cumulative Ac-Ft Used Population Ac-Ft Use per Year
rates are in the two percent range.
Assuming a 0.22 acre-foot per capita rate of water consumption, the population would have
consumed 1,600,000 acre-feet in this time frame.
Population

Ac-Ft Use per Year

Cumulative Ac-Ft Used

With the exponential growth promised by “new cities” and the general boom in the real estate
industry nation-wide, DES revised the population estimates upward to the four percent range in
2005. The population estimate has now nearly increased five-fold to 500,000 persons by 2100
with a cumulative water consumption of 4,600,000 acre-feet (see graph). It should be noted that
committed demand (the number of lots already platted) is estimated at 50,000 lots, many of
which are vacant and could support additional population with minimal permit review.
Wells:
9

DES estimates for Mohave County projected population to 2050. These annual growth rates, logarithmic in nature,
have been applied to the Hualapai Valley and then extended to 2100. The same technique has been used with the
2005 growth estimates.

23

In 2000, 880 wells were registered by ADWR in the Hualapai Valley having an average depth of
432 feet and water level of 271 feet. The average draw-down on these wells under pump stress
was 17 feet. These values were somewhat greater than the drawdown of other wells found in
other drainage basins, perhaps do to more drilling activity. Private, domestic wells serving
individual homeowners and small businesses comprised 64 percent of these wells. Private,
domestic wells are typically not as deep or large as those serving commercial, industrial of
municipal applications. For example, the typical private, domestic well in the County is only
100 feet deeper than the water level. Commercial wells are some 408 feet deeper than the water
table. Municipal wells are some 300 feet lower than the water table. This extra depth assures the
wells will not be out-competed by most other wells in the area. For example, the City of
Kingman’s well field, comprised of 12-inch plus casings and powered by turbine pumps, are
some 400 feet deeper than the water table, with many descending to 1,000 feet below the land
surface.
At the end of 2005, ADWR had registered some 1,100 wells in the Hualapai Valley, a 25%
increase in five years, of which 800 were private, domestic wells. The private, domestic well
type now represents 73% of all wells the Hualapai Valley and an increasingly at-risk cohort of
users.
Water Budget:
Based upon known water in Water Supply w/ Aquifer Recharge equal to Sub-surface Outflow
Years_Supply
storage and estimated annual Population* Ac_Feet_Available AcFt_percapita_Yr AcFt_Use_Yr
water consumption from a 2001
35,000
5,000,000
0.22
7,700
649
50,000
5,000,000
0.22
11,000
455
analysis of water use by the City
100,000
5,000,000
0.22
22,000
227
of Kingman, an accounting of
250,000
5,000,000
0.22
55,000
91
500,000
5,000,000
0.22
110,000
45
the groundwater within the
1,000,000
5,000,000
0.22
220,000
23
Hualapai Valley can be
1,500,000
5,000,000
0.22
330,000
15
surmised.
From the 2001 * Does not include downtown Kingman since it is part of the Sacramento Basin
analysis, the annual per capita water consumption within the City of Kingman’s water service
area was 0.22 acre feet. Given a Water Supply w/ 4,000 ac-ft annual natural recharge & 10% artificial recharge
Population*
Ac_Feet_Available AcFt_percapita_Yr Net_AcFt_Use_Yr Years_Supply
population of 35,000, 7,700 acre
35,000
5,000,000
0.22
2,930
1,706
feet of water would be
50,000
5,000,000
0.22
5,900
847
withdrawn per year (see table).
100,000
5,000,000
0.22
15,800
316
250,000
5,000,000
0.22
45,500
110
Assuming the recharge is
500,000
5,000,000
0.22
95,000
53
roughly equal to subsurface
1,000,000
5,000,000
0.22
194,000
26
1,500,000
5,000,000
0.22
293,000
17
outflow, and most wells are
* Does not include downtown Kingman since it is part of the Sacramento Basin
over-drafting the aquifer, there
is still enough water to support this population for some 650 years.
Assuming that growth occurs as predicted and 500,00 people will be living within the Hualapai
Valley within the next 100 years, then their water supply would be sufficient for 53 years.
Trimming the per-capita water consumption to 0.15 acre-feet would extend this time line by
about 50% (79 years). Assuming that recharge exceeds sub-surface outflow by 4,000 acre feet
per year and an additional 400 acre-feet is artificially recharged, an additional eight years of
water supply is available to the half-million residents.
24

It is estimated that only one percent of rainfall is actually recharged to the groundwater, with the balance
being lost to soil moisture an evapotranspiration. Just sequestering an extra few percent of the total
rainfall would be a significant gain to recharge. The on-going drought should also be considered

when increasing the development density beyond existing water service boundaries and when
approving additional development in areas located on bedrock which typically have a water
supply which is less robust or drought-sensitive.
The question before the area plan update committee, and, to a larger extent, the Southwest, is
should water be viewed as an endowment or an annuity, the former lasting in perpetuity and the
latter designed to last just for the life of the person, or in this case culture, based upon an
actuarial-like table, before the resource is totally consumed? Arizona’s 100-year Assured and
Adequate Water Supply program, derived from the landmark Groundwater Management Act of
1980 was revolutionary at the time. The program covers all development within an AMA and
may deny development’s which cannot prove or secure water supplies. However, in non-AMA
areas, where notice of 100-year water inadequacy is only required to be given to would-be land
buyers prior to sale, and may not deny new subdivisions, the State may be unwittingly
encouraging “managed depletion.”
From the previously mentioned hydrological studies, safe-yield within the basin was surpassed in
the 1980s. Given this assumption, and until proven otherwise by additional hydrological studies,
several goals and policies have been crafted to balance a landowner’s investment-backed
expectations in the face of future, and seemingly exponential, growth while attempting to reduce
stress on the groundwater system without placing an extraordinary burden on existing and future
landowners.

Goal 1

Limit water consumption to the aquifer’s natural or enhanced rate of
recharge to achieve safe-yield.

Policy 1.1

Limit the increase in residential density when new development is proposed on
bedrock or outside the regional aquifer unless the development is served by a
water company with an ADWR certified 100-year supply.

Policy 1.2

New development proposals served by a public water system which seek higher
residential densities within the range of the existing Urban or Suburban
Development Area, as shown on the land use diagram, in which they are
proposed will be limited to the estimated water use for landscaping from the
lowest density prescribed in the respective Development Area.. 10

Policy 1.3

Require new development to use mechanisms such as catch basins and flood
control devices along washes and mountain fronts to increase aquifer recharge
and reduce runoff and loss of surface water through evaporation.

10

For example, within the Suburban Development Area, residential lots range from one to five acres in size. Newly
created lots less than five acres in size would be limited to outdoor water consumption to that of the five acre parent
parcel from which they were created.

25

Implementation Measures:
WR 1.1

Hydrologic studies will be required for developments in Urban and Suburban
Development Areas. These studies should be available with the initial proposal.
In lieu of a formal hydrological analysis, County staff will prepare a water budget
using the ADWR-supplied generic demand calculator.

WR 1.2

Developments with housing densities with more than one unit per acre will be
required to treat effluent to A+ Standard (per ADEQ Rule R18-11-303, Class A+
Reclaimed Water) provide a non-potable water system for landscaping and
common greenspaces throughout the development.

WR 1.3

New homes and small businesses will construct water conservation devices such
as gray-water recycling and/or rainwater harvesting systems, in addition low-flow
plumbing fixtures, to comply with Policy 1.2

WR 1.4

When subdivision and parcel plats are recorded, note their geographic location in
relation to the regional aquifer and not if they are outside the regional aquifer or
on bedrock.

WR 1.5

Petition the State to create an Active Management Area in the Hualapai Valley.

Goal 2

Preserve groundwater quality.

Policy 2.1

Limit development along mountain fronts and washes to prevent recharge areas
from being covered and to protect these areas from point-source and non-point
source pollution.

Policy 2.2

Limit land divisions in flood plains.

Policy 2.3

Preserve washes as open-space within planned residential developments.

Policy 2.4

Allow only low intensity agricultural-residential use or recreational activities
adjacent to or within washes.

Policy 2.5

Maintain natural “desert pavement” and native plant material.

Implementation Measures:
WR 2.1

The Mohave County Planning and Zoning Department, in association with the
Mohave County Flood Control Department, will review rezone and plat
submittals to ensure that future residential and non-residential building sites will
be designed to avoid flood hazards and preserve washes as open space.

26

WR 2.2

The Planning and Zoning Department (Building Division) will review grading
permits with consideration on preserving as much of the site's natural landscaping
as possible.

WR 2.3

The Planning and Zoning Department will continue to make available to the
public Arizona's Native Plant Law brochure.

Goal 3

Conserve groundwater resources.

Policy 3.1

Encourage the use of effluent, grey water and rainwater harvesting in new
housing and commercial developments.

Policy 3.2

Attract new businesses that do not require water as a main part of their
production process.

Policy 3.3

Encourage rainwater harvesting and recycling of grey water for on-site irrigation
of landscaping and other non-potable uses.

Policy 3.4

Limit turf on new housing developments to less than 50% of the rear yard area
and supplement with xeriscaping.

Policy 3.5

Monitor water table depths, through well reporting, and evaluate use vs. supply
on an annual basis.

Implementation Measures:
WR 3.1

When existing wells are adversely affected, such as going dry, by new water
systems serving subdivisions of six or more lots, the new water system will
provide the existing well users with water from the new water system.

WR 3.2

The Mohave County Planning and Zoning Department and County economic
development authorities will only encourage non-water-intensive businesses to
the Hualapai Valley.

WR 3.3

The Planning and Zoning Department (Building Division) will review and permit
the use of grey water recycling for on-site irrigation.

WR 3.4

The Planning and Zoning Department, in association with monitoring data
supplied by ADWR and the USGS, will track well depths.

WR 3.5

The Planning and Zoning Department will adopt a landscape ordinance with
emphasis on xeriscape requirements.

27

Draft Land Use, Housing
and Economic
Development Elements

Land Use Element
Overview
The built environment of the Long Mountain Area Plan is most readily described in its land uses
and how these uses are placed on individual sites. Topography, access to roadways and utilities,
and the desires of the individual owner determine what types of uses are constructed on each site.
Long Mountain is mostly undeveloped, vacant land owned by myriad small-holders spread
throughout the United States and foreign countries (see chart). For example, some 2,400
assessors parcel yielded only 464 homes
Distribution of Sample for Long Mountain
and 1,014 residents in 2000 over the 61
square-mile planning area. Assuming five
17%
percent annual growth since 2000, some
10%
1,300 people resided within the planning
48%
11
The nature of Long
area in 2005.
Mountain is primarily residential, a
combination of conventional site built
25%
homes and mobile homes placed on 1acre-plus lots.
Commercial buildings
Kingman AZ Other AZ California Out of State
comprise only a small fraction of land uses
located along Stockton Hill Road. These businesses are designed to serve local residents.
The Long Mountain Area Plan, adopted in 1992, is also superimposed by the Mohave County
General Plan, adopted in 1995 and recently re-adopted in 2005. This unusual situation has led to
a conflict in both the land use diagrams and development philosophy. Because of the conflict in
land use designations between the Area Plan and the General Plan, numerous amendments to the
land use diagrams have been processed over the years to bring both plans into conformance with
one another. The primary goal of the Area Plan Update Committee is to reconcile these two
plans. It should be noted the goals, policies and land use designations for the Area Plan take
precedence over the General Plan. This will be kept in mind during the creation of goals and
polices for this element and others.
The Division of Land
Most land buyers purchase their lots and parcels from others who have divided larger holdings
into smaller parcels. This division of land into small parcels for residential purposes is uniquely
a part of the development of the United States and enables most to own land rather than rent.
The division of land into multiple parcels is one of the most permanent and irreversible actions in
our society. The type of land pattern that is established today will affect the rate and direction of
growth and nature of land development of the Hualapai Valley for decades to come.
In the past, in other areas, and in many places in Arizona at present, parcelization occurs only on
“paper.” For example, roadways can be depicted but not put in place by the developer. In
selling a “home site,” community services accepted as a necessity to our modern standard of
living are typically not provided. And yet, when the County approves the parcelization of a
property they are recording a group of potential home sites. The County is, in effect, assuring
11

An aggressive 10% annual growth rate would yield 1,800 persons by 2005.

28

the purchasers that what is shown on the recorded parcel map is true, regardless of other State
assurances or disclaimers.

Area Plan and General Plan Land Use Inventories
A.

Commercial

Stockton Hill Road has three areas with small
amounts of commercially designated properties,
the first being at the northwest corner of Stockton
Hill Road and Bull Mountain Road. A real estate
office was located on this site but has been
removed in past few years but the property retains
C-2H (General Commercial, Highway Frontage) .
The second commercial area is located further
north on Stockton Hill Road near Jane Avenue and
remains undeveloped. A third node is located at
Calle Chavez were a small tack and feed store and
fire station currently are located at or near this intersection and provide a logical basis for a
future commercial node.
B.

Residential

1
Rural Development Areas (RDA) and Rural Residential (RR): Most residential parcels
developed outside of platted subdivisions contain 5 or more acres each. These parcels derive
from parent parcels that originally contained 36-plus acres. These large lot developments,
exempt from County subdivision regulations requiring developers to build infrastructure upfront, have seen improvements only by chance or
when the land owners have invested time and
money to extend utility lines or, in some cases,
form a water company. These larger parcels are
routinely divided, via a rezone (from AR/36A to
AR/5A 12 , for example) into smaller lots without
improvements because land divisions that create
fewer than six lots also do not require
improvements to be provided by the developer.
The General Plan allows for the creation of 5-acre
minimum lots in Rural Development Area
regardless of how they are developed. This policy has created de-facto subdivisions over time
and that remain unimproved in many instances. 13 Rural Development Areas generally occur
outside of water service areas, along the perimeter of higher density Suburban and Urban
Development Areas. The existing RDA contains over 14,500 acres. Running parallel to the
General Plan’s RDA designation is the Long Mountain Area Plan’s land use designation of Rural
Residential (RR). This designation ranges from RR/5A to RR/10A and then to AR/36A for the
12
13

“A” = acre, e.g. RR/5A limits lot sizes to 5-acre minimum lot sizes.
The exception being Cedar Ridge Estates, located between Stockton Hill, Cactus Wren and Bull Mountain Roads.

29

largest Agricultural Residential land uses typically located on public lands and range land. Rural
Residential is a land pattern of choice due to the community’s overwhelming desire to preserve a
rural atmosphere within the planning area. Some 34,400 acres are designated RR/5A, RR10/A
and AR/36A and comprise 88% of the planning area (see land use diagrams for Area Plan and
General Plan following sub-section 3).
2.
Suburban Development Areas (SDA) other Rural Residential: Lots and parcels in this
category are spread throughout the real estate market in Long Mountain. Various units of
Sunward Ho! Acres and Stockton Hill Ranches, typically contain 2-acre lots, and typically cover
one or more sections of land. The roadway grid divides the section into equally sized rectangular
blocks. These lots were created before 1965, prior to the County's review of subdivision activity,
hence developers were not required to construct infrastructure. However, road rights-of-way
were dedicated to the County when these subdivisions were recorded. Suburban Development
Areas currently cover some 24,000 acres of the Area Plan. The majority of the land use conflict
between the two planning documents occurs between the Area Plan’s RR/5A and General Plan’s
SDA land use designations. For areas not in conflict, Rural Residential, ranging from RR1/A to
RR/4A, is the companion land use designation to Suburban Development Areas, but without the
infrastructure provisions now required by the General Plan. The Long Mountain Area Plan also
defines areas for “high density.” These high density areas were originally applied to the legacy
lots created before the adoption of County regulations. However, this land use has also been
applied to accommodate higher density development such as Lake Juniper and Fountain Hills
Estates, for lack of a more definitive land designation. Only about 11% of the planning area is
designated with these land uses. The “high density” designation is a relative term given the rural
nature of the planning area in 1992. Also, “high density” areas prohibit future land divisions, i.e.
rezones, from occurring. This land use has also been applied to several one-acre housing
developments straddling Cactus Wren Road, near Bull Mountain Road and may be re-designated
RR1/A.
3.
Urban Development Areas (UDA):
Fountain Hills Estates (66 lots), Lake Juniper
Estates (74 lots) and Desert Fountain Estates (60
lots to date) are three examples of sub-one-acre
subdivisions in Long Mountain. These tracts have
been recorded sporadically over the 20 years, with
additional units of Desert Fountain planned in the
coming years.
The land use designation
comprises 732 acres of the planning area. The
demand for sub-one acre lots in Long Mountain
appears limited to the southern end of the Area
Plan, near the City of Kingman’s corporate limits and water service area. These developments
make up just over 300 acres of land. The Long Mountain Area Plan designates some 300 acres
for sub-one-acre development. Additional sub-one acre development may be appropriate
elsewhere in the planning area but must meet the stringent criteria set forth in the area plan.

30

31

32

33

C.

Public Facilities

Aside from the nascent Inland Valley Fire service, no public facilities exist within the planning
area.
D.

Vacant Land

1.
Bureau of Land Management and Arizona State Trust: The Area Plan contains several
sections and quarter sections of land under government control, with BLM holdings (7,805
acres) predominantly west of Stockton Hill Road, proceeding up into the Cerbat Mountains.
State Trust lands, comprising 8,069 acres, occur primarily east of Stockton Hill Road. Some of
these large holdings may be appropriate to acquire for resource conservation either through land
exchange or purchase.
2.
Open space: Long Mountain has an abundance of undeveloped land which serves as de
facto open space. Most of the planning area consists of unimproved land. One reason for this is
the early, speculative land divisions and marketing plans which dispersed the ownership of
myriad lots throughout the country. These properties where purchased mostly for investment or
retirement purposes by the owners. Over the years, these "lots" have been used for open space,
hiking, horse back riding, off-road driving and, unfortunately, wildcat trash dumping.
With fragmented ownership, Long Mountain has not seen large tracts of land consolidated under
a single owner for residential or commercial development. However, this has recently changed
with several master planned, urban density developments proposed in 2005. Given the
tremendous impact of the proposals on adjacent properties and the population in general, the
County has proceeded with the update of the Long Mountain Area Plan to incorporate these
designs, if possible, into the community.
The following tables represent the build out projections for each land use category in both the
Area Plan and the General Plan.

Existing Long Mountain Area Plan Land Use Designations
Land Use
Asumptions
Acres
Percent Potential Dwellings
Commercial
3
0.01%
NA
High Density (pre 1992) 1.5 ac avg lot size
4,150 10.60%
3,113
High Density (post 1992) 0.25 ac avg lot size
331
0.85%
1,324
RR/1A
2
0.01%
2
RR/2A
21
0.05%
11
RR/3A
61
0.16%
20
RR/4A
156
0.40%
39
RR/5A
20,445 52.20%
4,089
RR/10A
1,275
3.26%
128
AR/36A
12,719 32.48%
353
Total
39,163
9,078

34

Existing General Plan Land Use Designations within Long Mountain Area Plan
Acres
Percent
Potential Dwellings
Land Use
Asumptions
Neighborhood Commercial
25
0.06% NA
Urban (pre -1992)
No further splits
401
1.02%
401
Urban (post -1992)
0.25 ac avg lot size
331
0.85%
1,324
Suburban Development Area 1.5 ac avg lot size
23,873
60.96%
15,915
Rural Development Area
6 ac avg lot size
14,533
37.11%
2,422
Total Area
39,163
20,063

Under the current Area Plan, build out potential, mostly from “legacy lots,” is less than fifty
percent of the General Plan’s growth potential. The following tables place the growth potential
of both plans in some perspective.
Area Plan Population
Persons/household*
9078 households
* 2000 Census for Mohave County
Households
Area Plan Daily Vehicle Trips
Trips per SFDU*
Trips per 9078 SFDU

General Plan Population
Persons/household*
20199 households

2.45
49,488

9,078

* 2000 Census for Mohave County
Households

20,199

9.55
86,695

General Plan Daily Vehicle Trips
Trips per SFDU*
Trips per 20199 SFDU

9.55
192,900

2.45
22,241

* ITE Trip Generation, 7th Edition

Area Plan Water Use
AcFt/percapita/year*
Persons/Household
AcFt/perhousehold/year
AcFt/per9078HH/yr

* ITE Trip Generation, 7th Edition

General Plan Water Use
AcFt/percapita/year*
Persons/Household
AcFt/perhousehold/year
AcFt/per20199HH/yr

0.22
2.45
0.539
4,893

* Est. City of Kingman Average

0.22
2.45
0.539
10,887

* Est. City of Kingman Average

Regardless of which density regime is chosen, the impact on local businesses and services
(including schools and emergency service responders), roadways and the aquifer will be
significant. Additional development which increases density must pay its own way and be
sensitive to use of natural resources, especially water.
Development Area Definitions:
The following definitions have been selected from the General Plan and represent all land uses
which are planned for Long Mountain or are shown adjacent to the planning area on the land use
diagrams.
Rural Development Area (RDA) - This is an area where residents presently enjoy a rural
lifestyle, wide-open spaces and few neighbors. Properties in these areas are generally at least
five (5) acres in size and many are much larger than this.
Uses include:
35

Rural Residential (RR): All RDAs are designated Rural Residential, permitting single-family
development on lots of five (5) or more acres. Larger lots sizes may be appropriate to address
environmental concerns (such as steep slopes and washes). The existing rural/agriculture
character of these areas should be maintained. Residents in these areas are able to keep their
own livestock. Land uses may be served by septic systems, wells and other services planned at
rural levels such as native material roadways.
Non-residential uses may be permitted in Rural Residential areas through the rezoning process.
These include Public Parks, Public Lands used for open space.
Public Parks (PP): Local, State and National Parks that are publicly owned and managed for the
benefit of the general public are included in this category.
Public Lands (PL): This category is used to indicate land in rural areas that is owned by a public
agency, but is not primarily devoted to parks and recreational use. Lands owned by the BLM,
BoR and Arizona State Land Department are included in this category.
Suburban Development Area (SDA) - This is an area intended for development of lower
density residential neighborhoods, but with many of the amenities of urban areas. Suburban lot
sizes range from one to five acres in size with a typical lot size of 2.5 acres. Neighborhood
commercial uses will be permitted at appropriate locations where they are compatible with
adjacent uses and infrastructure.
Uses Include:
Suburban Estates (SE): This suburban land use is characterized by single-family lots ranging
from two (2) to five (5) acres in size. Non-residential land uses are not the primary uses in a
Suburban Estate area. Septic systems will be the primary means of wastewater disposal. Many
lots will use well water, but this will vary based on groundwater conditions and proximity to
existing organized water systems.
Suburban Residential (SR): This is the highest density, non-urban land use category, with
densities ranging from less than one-half dwelling unit per acre to a maximum density of one
dwelling unit per acre. These densities result in lot sizes of one to two acres. While Suburban
Residential areas will be mostly single-family, some neighborhood commercial development will
be permitted as part of a planned development. Suburban service requirements generally will be
lower than in urban areas, but will vary as dictated by site conditions. Septic tanks will generally
be permitted, but soil conditions, groundwater quality concerns, proximity to existing utilities
and other factors may create the need for urban sewer systems. Minimum road or water system
improvement requirements may also vary from one site to the next.
Non-residential uses may be permitted in SDAs through the rezoning process. These include
Public Parks, Public Lands used for open space and Public Facilities/Institutions.
Public Facilities (PF): This category includes such public and quasi-public institutional uses as
schools, colleges, fire stations, libraries, government buildings and hospitals.
36

Other non-residential land use categories which may be consistent with this planning area,
depending on the location e.g. proximity to improved roadways, natural features and surrounding
land uses include:
Neighborhood Commercial,
Commercial Recreation,

Urban Development Area (UDA) - This area is intended to provide for more intense residential
and non-residential development near cities and in outlying communities. While residential
densities typically will range from two to five per acre, high density development of up to 25
units per acre may be permitted. Urban services and facilities will be required for both
residential and non-residential development in this area.
Residential Uses Include:
Low Density Residential (LR): This is the lowest density residential development planned within
urban areas. It is designed to reflect development between one and five units per acre. This
category is used only in UDAs. Since the lot sizes are less than one acre, community sewer or
ADEQ approved on-site sewage disposal and water systems are needed, as are other urban
services. Low density residential areas will be developed exclusively with single family homes,
except where planned developments permitting neighborhood commercial uses are approved.
Non-Residential Uses Include:
Neighborhood Commercial (NC): Neighborhood Commercial uses area those that meet the needs
of residents in the adjacent neighborhood. Small-scale retail and service establishments, as well
as small office buildings, will be permitted in this land use category.
General Commercial (GC): This land use category is used to indicate locations for retail, service
and office uses that serve an entire community or region. Major retail centers, fast food
restaurants, service stations, multi-story office buildings and other intensive commercial uses
should be located in areas designated for general commercial uses. The Area Plan Committee
seeks to limit these more intense commercial uses such as gasoline stations and fast-food
restaurants.
Commercial Recreation (CR): This land use category encompasses a broad range of privately
owned or leased facilities for active recreation, where the primary activity occurs outside of
buildings. Uses include golf courses, equestrian centers, small and large-scale amusement parks,
as well as recreational vehicle parks and campgrounds providing sites for temporary habitation.
Other residential land use categories which may be consistent with this planning area, depending
on the location, natural features and surrounding land uses include:
Rural Residential,
Suburban Estates, and
Suburban Residential.
37

The Long Mountain Area Plan has adopted the corresponding General Plan Land Use
designation classification to prevent further confusion between the land use categories used in
both plans. For example, “High Density,” for those lots being developed after the original
adoption of the Long Mountain Area Plan in 1992, would be designated Urban Development
Low Density Residential, to reflect the current development regime in places like Desert
Fountain Estates and Fountain Hills Estates. For those areas designated “High Density” by the
original Area Plan and that consist of one to two acre lots, a Suburban Development Area,
Suburban Residential and Suburban Estate land use designation has been applied, respectively.
Both plans use Rural Residential for lots and parcels five acres and above in size, with the
exception of AR/36A which is now considered RR/36A under General Plan’s identification.

Goals for Land Use
During the Area Plan Update process, several vision statements where developed including one
for land use as follows: “New residential development proposals will be similar to existing
residential densities, shall promote neighborhood stability and protect and sustain existing
lifestyles.” This vision seeks out and promotes new land developments which are both
harmonious and contextual with the existing community. Several goals and policies (to be
developed) to achieve this end have been divided by land use in the paragraphs to follow.

Planned Unit Developments vs. Conservation Subdivisions
Planned Area Developments (PAD) were discussed extensively during the Area Plan Update and
determined to be inappropriate for the planning area because they bring higher residential
density, urban- type land uses such as resort hotels, golf courses and RV parks, encourage leapfrog development and contribute to the loss of the planning area’s rural atmosphere.
However, there may be an opportunity to utilize a conservation subdivision within the planning
area. A conservation subdivision, similar to PAD, achieves the same density of a conventional
single-family subdivision by placing housing on one portion of the property, leaving the rest
undisturbed and held in joint ownership, preferably under the protection of conservation
easement that will prevent construction or other type disturbance of the site (see diagram). This
type of development would provide a housing opportunity not available elsewhere in the
planning area and would be placed in locations designated for Low Density Residential (UDA).
Conservation subdivisions may be appropriate in for certain Suburban Estate and Suburban
Residential land uses but will not be considered in areas designated Rural Residential. Areas for
rights-of-way, utility easements, drainage channels, steep slopes (over 35%) and rock outcrops,
preserved as part of the traditional subdivision process, shall not be counted in the density
calculation

38

Rural Development
Maintaining an environment for the small ranch property is important in Mohave County’s real
estate market. Not all Mohave County residents can afford a 36-acre-plus home site. Large
parcels may also become unmanageable for those owners who plan to live on their property
during their retirement years. Dividing land may also become a necessity when properties are
inherited by the estate’s heirs. Having the option to divide property is an important aspect for a
significant number of landowners in Mohave County. Dividing property, of course, creates the
potential for more density, the over-extension of County services, loss of rural atmosphere, and
may possibly thwart the investment-backed expectations of those who plan to live in a rural
environment upon retirement. This balancing act of keeping parcel sizes flexible, while
maintaining the same attractive environment which the investor bought into, is the challenge.
Goal 1

Maintain an Environment for Small Ranch Properties

Policy 1.1 Designate lands as Rural Residential having at least five acres.
Policy 1.2 Discourage the increase in density, the over-extension of County services, and
loss of rural atmosphere during development review.
Policy 1.3 Maintain the attractiveness of the rural environment which the landowner bought
into by preventing encroachment of dissimilar uses, including mobile home parks
and RV parks, within or immediately adjacent to Rural Residential areas.
Suburban Development
This intermediate housing development density, typically consisting of homes built on one to
five acre lots, are scattered throughout the planning but occur most often in the southern part of
the planning, east of Stockton Hill Road and close to Cactus Wren. These homeowners have the
greatest need to see a stable neighborhood because their properties are not large enough to
provide the natural buffer of distance as a parcel containing some 30-40 acres, nor is the parcel
small enough to be considered “urban” where the developer has constructed some type of buffer
and other amenities into the project to mitigate against the impacts of urbanization. These
39

mitigation measures can range from simple screening to reduce noise and glare to a water system
which will not be greatly affected by additional wells which may cause harm to existing, private
domestic wells.
Goal 2

Preserve the Rural to semi-Rural lifestyle for homes on smaller lots and parcels

Policy 2.1 Create Suburban Development Areas to preserve integrity of “legacy”
subdivisions.
Policy 2.2 Establish Suburban Development Areas as a buffer between Urban and Rural
Development Areas. Conservation subdivisions may be employed to utilize the
open space set-aside as a buffer.
Policy 2.3 Require a layering of lot sizes when adjacent to lower density development on the
periphery allowing similar lots to front each other while placing smaller lots in
the center of the development.
Policy 2.4 Designate Suburban Development Areas only where adequate facilities and
infrastructure occur or will be provided.
Policy 2.5 Maintain the attractiveness of the rural and semi-rural environment which the
landowner bought into by preventing encroachment of dissimilar uses, including
mobile home parks and RV parks, within or immediately adjacent to areas
designated Suburban Estate or Suburban Residential.
Urban Development
Urban development areas such as Fountain Hills and Desert Fountain Estates are located in the
southern portion of the planning area where the foothills give way to the gently sloping Hualapai
Valley, adjacent to the City of Kingman. Further expansion of this development pattern
eastward will be in agreement with the City’s general plan and provide additional demand for
any proposed commercial development along Bank Street.
Goal 3

Establish Urban Development Areas which are logical extensions of the
Kingman metropolitan area.

Policy 3.1 Designate Low Density Residential only where adequate facilities and
infrastructure occur or will be provided.
Policy 3.2 Establish the Low Density Residential land use as a buffer between Suburban
Development Areas and proposed Commercial areas along major arterials within
the Urban Development Area. Conservation subdivisions may be employed to
utilize the open space set-aside as a buffer.
Policy 3.3 Require a layering of lot sizes when adjacent to lower density development on the
periphery allowing similar lots to front each other while placing smaller lots in
the center of the development.
40

Policy 3.4 Residential lots shall contain at least 10,000 square feet (four per acre gross).
Policy 3.5 Create Low Density Residential adjacent to existing similarly designated land
uses within the City of Kingman Planning Area.
Implementation
LU1

Individual landowners will apply with the Mohave County Planning and Zoning
Department for building permits, and rezone/zoning use permits (if needed) to
establish residential uses.

LU2

Developers wishing to subdivide their lands will be provided with list of
requirements from the Long Mountain Area Plan at any pre-application meeting
prior to submitting a subdivision plat to the County and appropriate State agencies
for review and approval.

LU3

Requests for Recreation Vehicle Parks and Mobile Home via Zoning Use Permits
with Rural Residential, Suburban Estate, or Suburban Residential land use
designations will be recommended for denial, unless given extraordinary
circumstances such as emergency situations.

LU4

Develop a graphic guide depicting the “layering of lot sizes when adjacent to
lower density development on the periphery allowing similar lots to front each
other while placing smaller lots in the center of the development,” as described in
Policies 2.3 and 3.3.

LU5

The Planning and Zoning Department will develop a “policy a procedure”
memorandum highlighting the key aspects of the Land Use Element to use when
evaluate zoning use permit, minor land division and subdivision proposals.

Public Facilities and Services
To create a quality community, the Area Plan should look at establishing a diversity of uses on
public purpose lands throughout the planning area and seek dedication of land for such uses
during the subdivision plat process from developers.
Goal 4

Establish Sufficient Public Facilities to Serve the Community

Policy 4.1 Identify locations for Schools when new housing developments are proposed.
Policy 4.2 Identify locations for Fire Stations within or near new housing developments.
Policy 4.3 Identify locations for County Offices (Sheriff) within or near new housing
developments.

Goal 5

Reserve Public Lands for Recreation, Public Purposes & Mountain Preserves
41

Policy 5.1 Coordinate with BLM and State Land Department to identify appropriate public
lands along Stockton Hill Road for Recreation & Public Purpose sites including
parks, schools, and libraries, but not landfills, gravel pits or other similar
activities.
Policy 5.2 Coordinate with BLM and State Land Department to designate appropriate public
lands along the base of the Cerbat Mountains for a Mountain Preserve.

Goal 6

Infrastructure Concurrency in all Development Areas

Policy 6.1 Each new development proposal must have adequate infrastructure, namely, but
not limited to roadways, either in place or provided by the developer.

Implementation
LU6

Developers wishing to subdivide their lands will be provided with list of
requirements from the Long Mountain Area Plan at any pre-application meeting
prior to submitting a subdivision plat to the County and appropriate State agencies
for review and approval.

LU7

Public purpose uses are allowed under the current zoning district, hence only an
administrative review of the development is required. Each proposal will be
reviewed by the County for site design, including drainage, grading, septic
disposal, etc. Each structure will also be reviewed by the County in accordance
with the Building Codes. The need for these facilities will be determined by the
Mohave County Sheriff’s Department, the fire district, the Kingman Unified
School District and the Mohave County Parks Department, respectively.

LU8

Deleted

Economic Development
Neighborhood and General Commercial
As the population in Long Mountain grows over the next several decades, neighborhood
commercial services should be available for those not wanting to commute to Kingman. This
will provide community independence and balance, and make the population less dependent on
Kingman for the basic necessities. Policies used to site these businesses will create small nodes
of urbanization and leave the rest of the area in its rural state.
The Area Plan Committee members feel that economic development, beyond small business
ventures needed to serve the residents, is not in keeping with the residents and property owner’s
desires to preserve Long Mountain as a largely rural community. Several sites within the
42

planning have been designated for General Commercial use. This reflects the underlying zoning
district. General Commercial zoning has recently been granted along Stockton Hill Road at
Calle Chavez. The uses planned are in keeping with the neighborhood-serving aspect of the
Area Plan. General Commercial zoning also occurs further south along Stockton Hill Road at
the intersection of Bull Mountain Road. Limiting future commercial activity to neighborhood
uses at this site, to avoid additional congestion on Stockton Hill Road, may be problematic.
Goal 7

Establish neighborhood commercial services to promote community
independence and balance, and make the population less dependent upon
Kingman for basic necessities.

Policy 7.1 Create small nodes containing a diversity of neighborhood commercial services
where existing land use pattern has begun to develop commercially.
Policy 7.2 New subdivision development of 200 or more homes will be encouraged to
establish a neighborhood commercial component.
Policy 7.3 Designate a new neighborhood commercial center along Bank Street at the
southeastern corner of the area plan to serve both the neighborhood and the
community.
Policy 7.4 New commercial establishments will be encouraged to adopt an appropriate
design palette reflective of the traditional building southwestern vernacular.
Implementation
LU9

Developers wishing to subdivide their lands will be provided with list of
requirements from the Long Mountain Area Plan at any pre-application meeting
prior to submitting a subdivision plat to the County and appropriate State agencies
for review and approval.

LU10

Individual landowners will coordinate site plan review with the Mohave County
Public Works Department in designing the access to their site in accordance with
any adopted Access Management Plan.

Commercial Guest Ranches & Other Recreational Activities
Given the remoteness and undeveloped nature of the area, Long Mountain offers an ideal setting
for the commercial guest ranch, a.k.a. “dude ranch.” These recreational opportunities should
take advantage of the rugged terrain that the desert has to offer. In addition, other commercial
recreational uses may be suitable for the area. Such activities, if requiring a rezone or area plan
amendment, prior to permitting, will be subject to review by members of the Area Plan Update
Committee, in addition to County staff.
43

Housing
Between 1990 and 2000, Mohave County’s population increased by nearly 65% from 93,500
persons to an estimated 155,000 persons, one of the fastest growth rates in the State. The
Department of Economic Security (DES) estimates that Mohave County’s population will grow
to well over 200,000 by 2010. The County’s population is somewhat older than the State’s
average with 46% of the population 45 years of age or older. Over 50% of the labor force is
comprised of production, maintenance, materials handling and service sector jobs. Many of the
service sector jobs are generated by the hotel/casino industry in Laughlin, Nevada. These jobs
are generally low-paying. Median household income in 2000 was $31,500
In 2000, the County’s median home value was $95,300, with median monthly rent at $560.
Rental housing is considered affordable if it does not consume more than 30% of gross annual
household income. Most households can afford rental units in Mohave County. However,
purchasing a home may be problematic for the average resident. With the recent “boom” in the
real estate market, beginning in 2003, housing prices have easily doubled in Mohave County.
Moving from an urban setting to a rural environment in seek of lower home prices may also
bring hidden costs. A private well, possibly 700-feet or more deep, an alternate septic system, a
new solar powered electric system with backup generator and other country accouterments may
make building a home in the countryside as expensive as one constructed on an urban lot.
The desert southwest has seen experimentation in many types of non-conventional housing types
almost since its first settlement. These homes typically do not conform to a preset “plan” and are
as unique as the people who live in them. The Area Plan encourages a diversity of housing types
to serve all its residents. Housing should be safe, decent, energy efficient and affordable to help
maintain and promote the quality of life that new and existing residents require and make the
southwest attractive to residents. Land owners in Long Mountain have expressed a desire for
various types of housing, ranging from the conventional mobile home to non-conventional forms
of construction including earthships. Single-family housing may be developed on all private
property throughout the planning area.

Affordable Housing
Modular housing and homes constructed by owner-builders outside of formal subdivisions will
most likely be the affordable home of choice for those living in rural parts of the planning area.
Goal 8

Encourage the construction of quality, affordable housing

Policy 8.1 Extend the Building Overlay Zone for code inspection of homes built within
Urban and Suburban Development Areas.
Policy 8.2 Encourage the adoption of the Energy Code.

44

Implementation
LU11

The Mohave County Building Division shall provide technical assistance to the
public for non-conventional housing and provide a trained staff versed in nonconventional building techniques to help owner/builders construct their homes.

LU12

Remove language from proposed CC&Rs requiring a minimum of 1,500 or more
square feet for new homes in proposed subdivisions.

45

Land Use Diagram and its Creation
To implement many of the goals and policies, the Land Use Diagram has been updated (see
exhibit). The existing Area Plan land use diagram has the potential to create over 9,000
dwellings. The current General Plan land use diagram would allow for approximately 20,000
dwellings. The proposed hybrid land use land diagram would allow some 17,000 dwellings (see
table). The caveat to this is the location of the proposed dwellings with 8,240 housing units
concentrated in Sections 16, 17 and 18, east of Desert Fountain and Fountains Hills Estates and
north of the New Kingman/Butler area. The urbanization of these sections, being the closest to
the City of Kingman, will likely have less impact on the rural feel of the community than if they
were located further north and west in the center of the area plan, adjacent to Stockton Hill Road.
Hybrid Long Mountain Area Plan Land Use Designations
Land Use
Low Density Residential
Suburban Residential
Suburban Estate
Rural Residential/5A
Rural Residential/10A
Rural Residential/20A
Rural Residential/36A
General Commercial
Neighborhood Commercial
Commercial Recreation
Public Facilities
Public Lands
Total

Assumptions
0.25 acre typ lot size
1.5 acre typ lot size
2.5 acre typ lot size
5 acre min lot size
10 acre min lot size
20 acre min lot size
40 acre min lot size
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

Acres
Percent
Potential Dwellings
2,370
6.05%
9,480
3,601
9.19%
2,401
7,081
18.08%
2,832
6,518
16.64%
1,304
8,448
21.57%
845
1,367
3.49%
68
2,561
6.54%
64
35
0.09%
NA
51
0.13%
NA
37
0.09%
NA
93
0.24%
NA
7,001
17.88%
NA
39,163
100.00%
16,994

The hybrid land use diagram is molded on the vision statement that declares “new residential
development proposals will be similar to existing residential densities, shall promote
neighborhood stability and protect and sustain existing lifestyles.” Also used in formulating land
use diagram are the concepts of: 1) economic use of the land; in other words, would someone
contest a taking of property value due to excessive government regulation, 2) investment-backed
expectations when the property was purchased, for example, what our my neighbors doing with
their property and can I do something similar, and 3) furthering a legitimate government interest
through regulation. The concerns of individuals in items one and two are balanced against the
role of government in item three as defined by the Area Plan Committee as follows:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Preserving hillsides, washes and native vegetation,
Minimizing the impact of additional trips on Stockton Hill Road,
Preserving ground water resources by limiting residential density outside of water district
or when located on bedrock, and
Following the “current pattern of development” to maintain neighborhood stability and
lifestyles was aided by several overlay maps as follows:
a) topographic contours, b) FEMA flood hazard zones, c) surface hydrology, d) native
vegetation, e) existing and planned roadways, f) geohydrology, g) well sites, h) service
districts, i) cadastral – Assessor’s tax maps, j) digital orthographic aerial photography,
and k) existing land use and zoning.

To help understand what a land buyer might anticipate as part of the “investment-backed
expectations,” the County’s zoning map, overlaid with aerial photography, was consulted to
46

determine the existing development pattern of neighboring parcels. For example, if adjacent lots
had seen significant rezoning to a higher density, then the land use density was adjusted to meet
the expectations. However, properties located on hillsides, within washes or otherwise
encumbered, such as being on bedrock were assigned a lower density land use designation.
Using the concept of maintaining proposed land uses “similar to existing residential densities,”
the hybrid diagram radiates land use densities from highest to lowest densities and attempts to
avoid the juxtaposition of disparate uses. This radial or layering technique has been used in the
region of a developing commercial node at Stockton Hill Road and Calle Chavez where
Suburban Estate-sized lots (2-5 acres in size) lie between Neighborhood Commercial and the
Rural Residential/5A and then Rural Residential 10/A. The radiant or layering of land uses also
is based on distance from the City of Kingman, with housing densities gradually reducing further
north in the planning area. This can be seen along the eastern edge of the area plan with land
uses transitioning from Low Density Residential (UDA) to Suburban Residential (SDA) to
Suburban Estate (SDA) to Rural Residential varying from 5 to 10 to 20-Acre minimum lots size.
Bureau of Land Management lands west of Stockton Hill have been designated as Public Lands
based upon the General Plan’s definition. These lands occur on the generally steep slopes of the
Cerbat Mountains and foothills. For State Trust lands, the policy of the State Land Department
is to have a similar land use applied to their holdings as those adjacent and not be solely
identified as open space.
Legacy plats have been generally designated Suburban Estate to preserve the integrity of the
original development pattern and not overburden the supporting and usually underdeveloped
infrastructure.
Additional non-residential land uses include the above mentioned commercial node at Calle
Chavez with an additional commercial land use at Jane Avenue and a third node at the
intersection of Fountain Hills, Bull Mountain and Stockton Hill Roads were commercial zoning
has existed since 1994. A school site has been located in Section 18, west of Bank Street to
serve the expected growth north of Kingman. A Recreation and Public Purpose site has been
designated for the W ½ NW ¼ of Section 25. This isolated BLM site, divided by Stockton Hill
Road, may serve as a location for additional public uses, possibly an interpretive center.
It should be noted that the land use diagram represents the ultimate development density for the
life of the plan – some 10 to 20 years. To achieve the maximum density on the land use diagram,
each proposal must meet a series of performance criteria. For example, several sections have
been designated for Suburban Residential which allow for lot sizes of one acre, comparable to
Cerbat Ranches. To achieve this density from a 640-acre parent parcel the developer must
provide infrastructure for paved roadways to each lot, including off-site roadway improvements
as required by the County Engineer, water service to each lot, fire hydrants, electricity to each
lot, and be annexed into fire district. Conventional septic systems may be allowed if soil
conditions allow, based upon ADEQ findings.

47

Exhibit: Long Mountain Area Plan Hybrid Land Use Diagram

48

Draft Transportation
Element

Transportation Element
Providing easy access to public facilities and private properties is the key to a Transportation
Element. Given the expected low to medium population densities of the planning area 14 , access
to Long Mountain is expected to be from private automobiles, supporting the anticipated rural
and semi-rural lifestyles. Given historic development patterns, arterials and collectors will be
paved by developers of higher density housing to mitigate the anticipated increase in traffic.
These developer-funded roadway improvements will generally occur in the south eastern part of
the planning area where housing densities will reflect those found within the City of Kingman.
Elsewhere, roadways will be constructed to a gravel (unpaved) standard or remain in their
existing unimproved condition.
Design of Existing Roadway System
The roadways make up a set of east-west
and north-south running arterials spaced
one mile apart along section lines and
collector roads spaced one-half mile apart
on mid-section lines. Sub-collectors, or
local roads, generally occur at 1/8 mile
intervals between collectors. Due to the
semi-mountainess and hilly terrain, the
roadway grid is not continuous and
interrupted by rock outcrops, hills and
washes, especially within the western side
of the planning area. West of Stockton
Hill Road, the roadway grid gives way to a
more organic, terrain-following street
system with roadways following along
major drainage-ways up into the foothills
of the Cerbat Mountains (see Stockton Hill
Corridor diagram).
Although the
roadways have been platted, with many
dedicated to the County, only a small
fraction have been constructed to a County
standard, with the balance being little
more “two-track” trails, paths used by
local residents, or unimproved. Roadways
are classified as follows: 1) Arterials higher mobility & low degree of access, 2)
Collectors - balance between mobility and
access, 3) Locals - lower mobility & high
degree of access.

14

The majority of the planning area is designated for one-acre to five-acre-minimum lot sizes. Those areas, east of
Bank Street and south of Cactus Wren Road may provide higher densities akin to those seen in Fountain Hills and
Desert Fountain subdivisions.

49

Even though the subdivisions show legal access to all parcels, physical access may not be readily
available. The vast majorities of the roadways within the planning area were dedicated to the
County before 1965, prior to the County's subdivision and roadway design review process, and
are the legacy of the speculative land transactions prevalent in Arizona during the 1950s and
1960s. Because little attention was paid to natural terrain, roadways extend up steep slopes,
mainly on the west side of the planning area, and traverse dry washes throughout. A vast
majority of these roadways where not constructed when the subdivision plats were recorded
because the County did not have subdivision design and construction standards until 1976.
Roadways that were constructed were most likely used to sell land and have not been
maintained. Over time, a significant number of these roadways have been improved for access
to individual properties; however, this has led to a piecemeal construction process, with many
roads stopping after they reach a developed property, hillside or wash. In most cases, the
section-line roadways are continuous and serve as the main access routes. Unfortunately, not all
of these subdivision plats are contiguous creating a checkerboard pattern of roads. Intervening
State Trust lands also contribute to breaks in the roadway grid. This leaves spaces, at times a
mile or longer in the right-of-way. Sometimes easements fill these spaces.
Tying these roadways together and serving as the main north-south running transportation route
is Stockton Hill Road. This two-lane roadway, which began as a modest ranch access and
mining haul route in the late 19th Century, transitioning to a rural collector as paving was
extended north of the Kingman City limits in the 1980s, and is now today taken the role of an
arterial road serving most all traffic flows coming into Kingman from as far away as Meadview.
Traffic is projected to further increase as the last remaining section of the 48-mile alignment is
paved by 2008 (?), allowing residents in Meadview, eastern Dolan Springs and visitors to Grand
Canyon West and Pierce Ferry to traverse the road with confidence. Given the roadway’s early
beginnings, and not being an artifact of the speculative subdivision, where roadways where
created without regard to terrain as noted above, Stockton Hill Road follows the more organic
path of least resistance, with minimal road cuts and relatively gentle grades. However, as traffic
flows and speeds have increased along the roadway, several stress points have become apparent.
For example, between mile posts eight and nine, a major wash and a blind curve on a significant
incline have impeded traffic flow during flood events and, in the later case, caused several
fatalities. Stockton Hill Road is still being treated as a collector status roadway with nearly
unlimited access to adjoining property owners and intersecting roadways.
Additional north-south running arterials and major collectors are clearly needed to relieve the
pressure on Stockton Hill Road. Roadway alignments such as Cherum Road and Bank Street
and Avenidas Obregon and Verde may serve this function and will be called upon to do so as the
eastern parts of the planning area are developed. Another growth-inducing factor is the
construction of Grace Neal Parkway. This roadway will extend between Stockton Hill Road and
Route 66 and provide access to new development planned north of the Kingman City limits. As
development occurs around the alignment, developers will be required to build their portion of
the road. When the Parkway is complete, Bank Street and other major north-south roadways will
become a true alternative to Stockton Hill Road.

50

Roadway Inventory
There are some 184 miles of County recognized roadways within the Long Mountain Area Plan's
boundaries. These roads are of several types and in various states of maintenance. Nearly 87%
of these roadways are unsurfaced. Unsurfaced roads are roadways that typically have not been
improved to gravel (native material) or paved County standards. Approximately 20 miles of
roadways have conventional
Roadways within the Long Mountain Planning Area
asphalt paving (see table). These
Road Name
Maintained
Paved
Mileage
occur
mainly
on
County
Stockton Hill Road
Yes
Yes
10.00
Bull Mountain Road
Yes
Yes
1.22 Highways such as Stockton Hill
Including
gravel
Cactus Wren Road
Yes
Yes
1.68 Road.
Calle Castano
Yes
Yes
1.59 roadways,
County-improved
Cherum Road
Yes
Yes
0.45 roadways make up just 13% of
Fountain Hills Road
Yes
Yes
0.74
the roadways in Long Mountain.
Jordan Ranch Road
Yes
Yes
0.67
North Bank Street
Various New Subdivisions
Various Old Subdivisons
Various Old Subdivisons

Yes
Yes
Yes
No

Yes
Yes
No
No

0.99
2.64
13.16
150.51

When a roadway is designated a
County Highway, the Board of
Supervisors may incur costs to
improve or maintain it. Stockton
Total Maintained Paved
10.88%
19.99
Hill Road is a County Highway
Total Maintained Unpaved
7.16%
13.16
Total UnMaintained
81.95%
150.51 and represents approximately five
(10 miles) of the
Total Roadway Mileage
183.66 percent
roadways but 50 percent of all
paved roadways. The maintained portions of Calle Castano, Cherum Road and North Bank
Street have also been designated County Highways. Only two percent (3.5 miles) of the
roadways have been accepted for tertiary maintenance or have courtesy maintenance. Roads
with tertiary maintenance receive minimal maintenance to keep the driving surface and drainage
ditches in some state of repair. The County maintains roadways accepted for maintenance with
Highway User Funds (HURF). Those roadways without HURF monies allocated to them are not
maintained by the County. It should be noted that only roads built to County standards can be
accepted for regular maintenance. There are exceptions to this rule and maintenance is provided
by the County to certain roads that were not built to standards, but were accepted for regular
maintenance prior to 1975. Those roads which do not meet minimum design standards, but meet
certain reduced criteria may be accepted by the BOS for "tertiary" maintenance.
Given the above funding constraints and the preponderance of pre-regulation sub-division plats
which were not exacted for roadway improvements at the time of their creation, due to
insufficient county regulatory authority, improving existing roadways may be problematic for
local residents. Facing a similar problem in the 1980s, residents of Golden Valley, west of
Teddy Roosevelt Road, formed a general improvement district to pave roadways and to also
create a water system. This funding option is also open to the residents of Long Mountain.

51

Traffic Volumes
Traffic congestion occurs as a result of traffic demand (i.e. volume) exceeding available roadway
capacity for any period of time. Capacity varies based on numerous roadway characteristics,
including lane/shoulder
LOS
Description
width, free flow speed,
A
Free flow with low volumes and high speeds.
traffic
composition,
B
Reasonably free flow, but speeds beginning to be restricted by traffic conditions.
and other side friction
In stable flow zone, but most drivers are restricted in the freedom to select their
factors (e.g., roadside
C
own speeds.
obstructions, on-street
D
Approaching unstable flow; drivers have little freedom to select their own speeds.
parking, etc.).
The
E
Unstable flow; may be short stoppages
concept of level of
F
Unacceptable congestion; stop-and-go; forced flow.
service (LOS) has been
widely adopted as a means of quantifying the operational performance of any roadway type. The
LOS “grading system” designates the letter A to represent best performance or least congestion
and the letter F to represent worst performance or highest congestion (see table). Ideally,
Mohave County roadways operate in the range of LOS B to C or better. The Mohave County
Standards for the Preparation and Evaluation of Traffic Impact Analyses, applicable to land
divisions and developments, includes the following provision: Mohave County roadway facilities
found to operate at a Level of Service B or better under the condition – future traffic without
development for each horizon year – shall be mitigated to a Level of Service B. Mitigation to a
Level of Service C may be acceptable at the discretion of the County Engineer.
National guidelines have established an
Type of Area and Appropriate Level of
appropriate or preferred design level of
Service
service for a range of highway functional
classifications and terrain type (see
Urban
Highway Rural
Rural
Rural
and
table). For instance, Stockton Hill Road, Type
Level
Rolling Mountainous
Suburban
representing an arterial traversing level to
rolling terrain, should operate under a
B
B
C
C
LOS B or better.
Rural collector Freeway
Arterial
B
B
C
C
roadways may be designed to operate at a
C
C
D
D
LOS C or better as is appropriate for Collector
D
D
D
D
paved roads such as Cactus Wren Road. Local
The Mohave County Public Works Department considers roadways for pavement when ADT
exceeds 200 vehicles per day. Local roadways, such as Storm Cloud located in Fountain Hills
Estates, have a design-year LOS D attributed to low design speed (25-30 mph) and nearly
unlimited access points attributed to private driveways. Roadways programmed for new
construction or reconstruction typically have an assigned design level of service that influences
the design cross-section of the roadway, such as number/width of lanes.
Stockton Hill Road traffic volumes, based on machine count data collected at Mile Post 6.5
(Fountain Hills Road intersection) and at Mile Post 10 (Jane Avenue intersection), have
increased approximately 50% between 2002 and 2005 (see chart). A more accurate means of
estimating level of service and associated congestion level involves the study of the weekday
morning and afternoon peak flow of commuter traffic. On Stockton Hill Road, the level of peak
hour traffic at Mile Post 6.5 totals approximately 330 vehicles per hour in both directions. By
comparison, the maximum capacity of Stockton Hill Road for maintaining a LOS C operation is
52

approximately 500 vehicles per hour or
5,500 vehicles per day in both directions.
The maximum roadway capacity for
maintaining a LOS E operation is
approximately 1,800 vehicles per hour or
20,000 vehicles per day in both directions.
Present traffic volume data indicates
Stockton Hill Road likely operates under
a LOS B.
Traffic counts along the collector or
feeder roads that intersect Stockton
Hill Road are typically at 200 or more
trips per day, with the exception Bull
Mountain Road. Bull Mountain Road
serves as a bypass for residents using
Cactus Wren Road who seek a shorter
route to Kingman than afforded by
Stockton Hill Road. Some 1,350 ADT
currently occur on Bull Mountain Road
(see chart).

North Kingman-Stockton Hill Rd. Corridor
Traffic Summary Average Daily Trips
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0

SHR MP
6.5

SHR MP
6.5

SHR MP
6.5

SHR MP
6.5

5/13/02

7/7/03

4/12/05

2/13/06

SHR MP 10 SHR MP 10 SHR MP 10
5/13/02

8/23/04

4/12/05

North Kingman-Stockton Hill Rd. Corridor
Traffic Summary Average Daily Trips
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
Cactus
Wren @
Stockton Hill

Cactus
Wren @
Bull Mtn

Jane Rd

Quail Crest
Rd

RedWind
Canyon

Hatband

Calle
Chavez

Calle
Lucero

2/13/20006 2/13/20006 2/113/2006

08/24/04

05/31/05

05/31/05

05/31/05

05/31/05

05/31/05

05/31/05

Fountain
Hills Rd

Bull
Mountain Rd

MPH

Bull Mountain Road, being a straight section-line road also provides an opportunity for straight
line acceleration for one-mile with 85% of the traffic volume averaging over 45 mph (see chart).
Providing some type of traffic
Average Speed Traveled Along the Stockton Hill Rd
Corridor & Collectors by 85% of Vehicles
control to reduce speed would be
appropriate on this and other local
60
50
roads
serving
as
collectors.
40
Stockton Hill Road, where 85% of
30
20
the traffic averages 53 mph between
10
mile post 6.5 and mile post 10, could
0
also benefit from speed management
techniques.
SHR MP
6.5

SHR MP 10

Fountain
Hills

Bull Mt

Cactus
Wren

Jane Rd

Quail Crest

RedWing
Cyn

Hatband

Calle
Chavez

Calle
Lucero

4/12/05

4/12/05

8/23/04

8/24/04

8/24/04

5/31/05

5/31/05

5/31/05

5/31/05

5/31/05

5/31/05

Additional Roadway and Trail Issues
Rural Roads – As noted above, many rural roads are unimproved, with many not even appearing
on the ground (paper roads). County-maintained gravel roadways allow for increased traffic and
increased speeds, which creates an increased demand for maintenance and generates extra dust.
Dust is the primary source of visible air pollution in Long Mountain. Much of this dust comes
from traffic on gravel or unimproved roads and is intensified by windy conditions. After a rain,
these roads can be dangerous to traverse. Aside from the aesthetics and physical stress of driving
these roads, increased automobile maintenance is also another negative externality.
Trails - Horse riding, hiking and nature walking are activities which lend themselves to the rural
environment and have been cited as reasons why people want to visit or live in Long Mountain.
Most walking trails and paths in Long Mountain follow existing roadways and/or traverse
53

privately owned, unimproved land, much of which is controlled by out-of-town owners. These
trails will be interrupted when roadways are constructed or the private lands are developed.
Rather than have these pathways located in roadways, a trail system, comprised of easements,
can be established as properties are developed. These easements will be placed adjacent to
roadways, but will not be subject to roadway improvements which tend to scarify the land.
Need for Access Management Plan – Ideally arterials provide the highest level of service at the
greatest speed for the longest uninterrupted distance, with some degree of access control.
Collectors provide a less highly developed level of service at a lower speed for shorter distances
by collecting traffic from local roads and connecting them with arterials. Local roads consists of
all roads not defined as arterials or collectors; primarily provides access to land with little or no
through movement. Presently, Stockton Hill operates at Level of Service A/B within the
planning area. The level of service is projected to degrade somewhat to B/C by 2020 (?). Given
the increased speeds along the roadway, an access management plan may be pursued by the
County. The main benefit to access management is providing safe and efficient travel for all
users while providing access to private land. Frequent access points impede this flow and cause
safety hazards. These access points include both signalized and uncontrolled intersections, and
driveways. Ten additional access points per mile will reduce the travel speed by 2½ mph. A
three-fold increase in access points per mile will increase the accident rate by nearly 100%.
Accident rates are highest between mileposts 8-9.
Growth Implications
Presently there are some 2,400 assessor parcels within the planning area. Assuming each
property is developed with a single-family residence, average daily trips to and from the area
could be as high as 23,000. This assumes that the average number of trips generated from a
single-family residence is 9.55 per day (ITE, p. 257). This value is based upon an urban
environment where households typically contain school-age children and their associated
activities. Long Mountain development will probably increasingly cater to an older, if not
seasonal resident, given the anticipated impact of the so-called “baby-boom” generation’s
relocation to southwest upon retirement. Trips per day from these types of households will
probably be considerably less and may average between two and four. Assuming half of these
homes have a lower trip generation, some 18,000 trips may still flow in an out of the community.
Clearly, Stockton Hill Road will require some type of relief. New, large-scale and higher density
developments will have to mitigate traffic impact by either contributing to the expansion of the
existing roadways and/or the construction of alternate routes.
As part of the vision statement, “Roadways will be sized to accommodate planned traffic,
provide for multi-modal and non-vehicular travel and constructed to County standards to be
eligible for regular maintenance at the time of project approval. In addition, the developer or
land owner will provide roadways improvements in proportion to the demand created by the new
development, including the improvement of off-site roadways such as arterials, major collectors
and feeders.”
Goals for Transportation
Goal 1

Maintain reasonable free-flow of traffic (Level of Service “B”) along
Stockton Hill Road.
54

Policy 1.1 Reduce trip generation by limiting lot divisions (rezones) in the planning area
where the developer is exempted from roadway exactions.
Policy 1.2 The developer or land owner will provide roadway improvements in proportion to
the demand created by the new, non-exempt development, including the
improvement of off-site roadways such as arterials, major collectors and feeders.
Policy 1.3 Designate additional section-line roadways for improvement within the planning
area, including those adjoining State Trust land, to remove local traffic from
Stockton Hill Road.
Policy 1.4 Establish commercial and other non-residential uses within the planning area to
reduce the need for travel to Kingman.
Goal 2

Reduce automobile dependency for short trips under one mile

Policy 2.1 Incorporate trail systems into the design of new subdivisions and work with
existing property owners to preserve existing trails with easements when crossing
private lands
Policy 2.2 Expand shoulder widths on paved roadways to accommodate bicycle and
pedestrian traffic.

Implementation
T1

Prepare an Access Management Plan for Stockton Hill Road with a focus on
requiring traffic impact analysis for new development accessing Stockton Hill
Road.

T2

Use an improved soil stabilization technique as part of the maintenance program
for native material roadways accepted by the County.

T3

Establish a Traffic Impact Fee program that uses a clear procedure, accepted input
data for each type of land use, and a straightforward equation and decision criteria
to determine the cost per number of new, site-generated trips attributed to a
proposed development.

T4

The Mohave County Trails Assoc. should contact existing land owners and ask
for conservation easements.

T5

Plan for new trails within newly proposed subdivisions by providing for
easements and/or open space.

55

Roadway Improvement Plan

56

Draft Public Safety
Element

Public Safety Element
Planning for public safety should take into consideration of existing conditions within the
community ranging from crime rates to traffic hazards to natural occurrences such as fires and
flood hazards. These hazards are generally anthropogenic in nature in that the human presence
causes or exacerbates the hazards. The goals and polices presented should mitigate to a
reasonable extent the imprint of society’s impact upon the landscape.
Mohave County Sheriff’s Office
Crime and Incident reports for 2005 in the area north of New Kingman/Butler
in the Central Hualapai Valley, not including Valle Vista, included 681 cases
in 75 different categories (see appendix). Some 256 incidents dealt with
property crimes, crimes against people, vehicular accident and traffic
violations. No homicides were reported however two dead bodies were found
and fifteen domestic violence reports were made.

As
or
sis
de
t
rly
M
C
ed
on
ic
du
al
ct
Em
er
Su
ge
sp
nc
ici
y
ou
s
Pe
W
rs
ea
on
po
n
Tr
O
af
ffe
fic
ns
Ac
e
cid
en
t/D
An
im
UI
al
Pr
ob
le
m

Th
ef
t

Ci
tiz
en

Di
s

Al
ar
m
Bu
rg
la
ry
Va
nd
al
ism

Ab
an
.

Ve
hi
cle

Incidents

Several incidents with 20 or more occurrences have been depicted (see exhibit) to uncover where
community issues are most likely to be found. For example, abandoned vehicles, typically
recovered in the right-of-way, are the responsibility of the Sheriff’s Office to remove; however,
such abandonment may be caused by vehicular failure or disposal after theft. Crimes against
property such as burglary, vandalism and theft account for 86 crimes and may be indicative of
rural isolation where patrols
Mohave County Sheriff's Office Crime Report 2005
are less frequent giving
Occurences of 20 or more
perpetrators a sense of free
80
reign. This may also be seen
70
by the large number of
60
alarms reported, possibly
50
aborted attempts at burglary.
In line with incidents
40
regarding property crimes
30
and alarms is the large
20
number
of
suspicious
10
persons
reported
(58).
0
Citizens are also likely to
assist in arrests with 27
cases.
There were 30
medical
emergencies
requiring Sheriff’s support and most likely other emergency responders such as the Hualapai
Valley Fire Department and/or the Inland Valley Fire Agency. Disorderly conduct and weapons
offense accounted for 45 instances, possibly indicating levels of intoxication. Of the 38 traffic
related reports, however, only two where DUI related. Over one third of traffic related reports
involved accidents on roadways with significant vehicular damage and passenger injury. Animal
issues related mostly to noise and other problems, probably trespassing dogs. From these
statistics, sufficient and safe access is necessary to aid in emergency response times and possibly
the establishment of a Sheriff’s substation to provide a stronger community presence.
57

The Sheriff's coverage for the Hualapai Valley, north of New Kingman/Butler is sparse. Ideally,
coverage should be 3 deputies per 1,000 residents according to the Sheriff’s Department.
Response times in the planning are approximately 15 minutes. This waiting period would be
reduced about 50% with a staffed substation in the area. However, the cost of a fully functional
station, requiring at least seven people, is prohibitive. The substation would most likely be
centrally located along Stockton Hill Road, possibly on a recreation and public purpose (R&PP)
parcel in Section 25, near Calle Charcas.
Fire Protection – Hualapai Valley Fire Department and Inland Valley Fire Agency
There are fewer provisions for public safety in rural environments than are
typically found in urban areas. For example, fire hydrants are generally nonexistent. Response times may take an hour or more in some of the more
remote parts of the planning area, assuming roadways are well marked. This
is due in part to the majority of the planning area being outside of the
Hualapai Valley Fire District. In the case of fire or medical emergency, the
Hualapai Valley Fire Department may respond if it is not responding to another call within its
fire district. Response times may be less with the presence of the Inland Valley Fire Agency
providing emergency service to the area but this is a subscription service and not a public entity.
Inland Valley has proposed a fire district to cover those lands north of Jane Avenue, but has yet
to be successful in forming a district.
The Hualapai Valley Fire District covers approximately two square miles, just five percent of all
lands within the planning area and includes the urban subdivisions of Fountain Hills (66 lots) and
Desert Fountain Estates (42 lots) in Section 13. Additional coverage is provided for Cedar Ridge
Estates (38 lots), a five-acre rural subdivision along Stockton Hill Road, and Lake Juniper
Estates (73 lots), immediately west of Stockton Hill Road. Approximately 220 residential lots
are within the fire district, with plans for an additional 300 lots with the completion of future
phases of Desert Fountain Estates. A new 3,750 square foot fire station is being built adjacent to
Lake Juniper Estates with easy access to Stockton Hill Road.
Most of the residences in the planning area are outside of the fire district and accessed by native
material roadways that increase response times. This is especially true when local roadways are
flooded and alternate routes must be taken. Heavy equipment, such as tanker trucks, may also
have a difficult time traversing semi-maintained native material roadways, regardless of weather
conditions, without suffering damage. Response times would likely decrease if all-weather roads
are constructed throughout the planning area. This is especially critical in rural areas of the
County because structure fires usually exhaust themselves before a fire department can respond.
The planning area, although sparsely populated, does have a significant numbers of older
modular or mobile homes, many predating HUD standards. Such structures are little more than
“tinder boxes” given the dry climate and age of the structure. In addition, the Insurance Services
Office (ISO) penalizes insured properties if not located on "all weather roads." The majority
roads within the Long Mountain Area Plan do not meet the definition of All Weather Roads and
property insurance will suffer with increased premiums even if located within a fire district.
(HVFD).

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Access by law enforcement, fire
department
personnel,
and
emergency medical services
(EMS) should be a high priority
for local government to ensure.
Providing adequate street signs,
addresses, landmarks and wayfinding for responding personnel,
as well as roadways designed for
proper weight distribution and
turning radius of large apparatus
is critical. (HVFD)
Additional fire hazards include
the desire to build amongst the
pinion-junipers, fires started by
off-road
vehicles
and
occasionally by campers and
arsonists.
As the Southwest
enters the tenth year of what is
considered to be a multi-decade
drought, the drying out of the
fuel load (trees and underbrush)
will only exacerbate the problem
of human encroachment. Areas
with higher density vegetation
should be preserved as passive
open space with lower-density
development occurring only if
need be such as in the case where
the property has been previously
subdivided. Homes built in these
areas should have adequate fire
protection either available though
a fire district or on-site
Goals for Public Safety
Goal 1

Provide adequate sheriff and fire protection to all residents within the planning
area.

Policy 1.1 Place new Sheriff’s sub-stations and fire stations on R&PP sites or on parcels set
aside by developers.
Policy 1.2 New developments will be required to be annexed to the exiting fire district or create
a new fire district.

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Policy 1.3 Residents in the planning area living outside of a fire district will either form their
own fire district or have their community annexed into an existing fire district when
2,000 persons reside within the Area Plan’s boundary.
Policy 1.4 Provide a defensible space around buildings as suggested by the fire district.
Policy 1.5 Structures built outside of fire districts will be required to have adequate on-site fire
suppression.
Implementation:
PS1

The Mohave County Sheriff’s Department will look at the feasibility of extending
patrols within the planning area and increasing its presence in general via the
construction of substation within the boundary of the planning area.

PS2

Each new development will be reviewed with the provision of adequate fire
protection as required by the Mohave County Land Division Regulation. Fire
sprinklers and/or polymer gel coat fire retardant systems may be utilized depending
upon the level of fire threat.

PS3

Population figures from the latest Census will be used to determine the resident
population within the planning area.

PS4

Annexation by the Hualapai Valley Fire District or the creation of a new fire district
will require a signed petition from a majority of the property owners in the planning
area. A fire district formation or annexation committee should be formed to
facilitate this process and other duties required when establishing or enlarging a fire
district.

Goal 2

Decrease emergency response times.

Policy 2.1

Place new Sheriff’s sub-stations and fire stations on R&PP sites.

Policy 2.2 Encourage new housing developments to set aside parcels for fire stations and/or
Sheriff’s sub-stations during the subdivision review process where there is a
demonstrated need from the public safety provider.
Policy 2.3 Extend additional Sheriff patrols
Policy 2.4 Provide all-weather access roads

Implementation:
PS5

Capital improvement plans developed by the Sheriff's Department should prioritize
public facility improvements in thee planning area.
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PS6

Support the Sheriff’s “Override” when it appears on the ballot.

PS7

“All-weather roadways” will be constructed via developer exactions, building permit
impact fees, or through HURF monies, provided the roadways are designated
County Highways.

Road Hazards
Auto accidents require specialized equipment for rescue and treatment of patients, as well as
access, and provision for transportation of patients via helicopter in some instances. The area
plan should include provisions for obtaining fire and rescue apparatus and equipment capable of
handling these incidents through developer exactions. As some of these roads are not protected
by a recognized fire district, this becomes more critical.
As mentioned above and within the Transportation Element, unimproved roadways are an
impediment to speed. While possibly seen as a way to limit growth by not improving roadways,
an increasing number of people are nonetheless traversing these roadways to their properties on a
daily basis. When emergencies do occur, the quaint roadways are not able to support swift
response and human life may be forfeit.
Other roadway safety issues include excessive speed on paved roadways which also have
unlimited access. Numerous tire skid marks can be found along Stockton Hill Road near
intersections and occasionally near private driveways. Additional signage warning people of
cross traffic and possibly left and right hand turn lanes may be appropriate at some locations.
During the public discussion of the Area Plan Update, the incline curve and descent into a low
water crossing for south-bound motorists traveling along Stockton Hill Road near mile post eight
was a topic of great concern. This one-two punch needs some form of mitigation. Discussion
ranged from re-engineering the section, constructing a bridge and providing better signage and
guardrails.

Goals for Roadway Safety
Goal 3

Improve Roadway Safety and Drivability

Policy 3.1 Bridge existing low-water crossings on Stockton Hill Road
Policy 3.2 Provide better signage on high-speed curves
Policy 3.3 Widen roadways at selected intersections for left-hand turn lanes.
Implementation:
PS8

Perform traffic study for the Stockton Hill Road Corridor between Northern Avenue
to Vock Canyon (and beyond) as a building block for an access management plan
for the Corridor that will include recommendations for improved traffic control
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signage, roadway geometry, intersection design, acceleration and deceleration lanes
and bridge work at washes where roadway is regularly flooded (at least once per
year).

Flood Hazards
Several factors contribute to
flash flooding. The two key
elements are rainfall intensity
and duration. Intensity is the rate
of rainfall, and duration is how
long the rain lasts. Topography,
soil conditions, and ground cover
also play an important role. Soils
with low permeability and those
that have been saturated by
previous storm events are prone
to flash flooding.
Most flash flooding is caused by
slow-moving
thunderstorms,
thunderstorms repeatedly moving
over the same area for several
hours, or only after a few
minutes from heavy rains
generated by monsoon storms.
Flash floods can roll boulders,
tear out trees, destroy buildings
and bridges, and scour out new
channels. Rapidly rising water
can reach several feet above
grade level. Furthermore, flash
flood-producing rains can also
trigger catastrophic mudslides.
Most flood deaths are due to
flash flooding.
Occasionally,
floating debris can accumulate at
a
natural
or
man-made
obstruction and restrict the flow
of water.
Water temporarily
impounded by a debris dam can cause flooding upstream. Subsequent flash flooding can occur
downstream if the obstruction should suddenly release (National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration).
The Planning area is traversed by multiple washes that flow in a generally easterly direction
toward the Mohave Wash, and then northward to Red Lake (see Aerial Photograph). Although
few washes in the western part off the planning area are designated within the FEMA flood
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hazard, they do have considerable flows. Washes in this area were last studied by FEMA in
1982 and do not cover the full extent of the flood hazard, largely because of the spare population
effected did not justify additional funding.
Throughout Mohave County, many buildings and mobile homes rest on non-elevated concrete
slabs or lots. This circumstance makes these structures prone to damage from comparatively
shallow flows (Mohave County Flood Insurance Study, p.15). New construction should be
placed outside of floodplains or elevated to avoid flood damage to private property both on-site
and downstream. After a review of aerial photography, several hundred homes have been
constructed in the flood plain.

Cross-Section of FEMA Flood Hazard Zone
Limit of 100-Year Flood
A: Development limited
in this area (Floodplain
Use Permit req.)

“B”

“A”

“B”

B: Newly created lots
must provide flood-free
building pad.

Notes:
1) New lots should not be encumbered by floodplain restrictions, including high costs of insurance which may actually prohibit
development. New lots should have at least 50% of the lot, or one acre, outside of the floodplain. This should provide enough
area for a building pad, a well site, and a conventional septic system (Title 18, Chapter 9, ADEQ Water Pollution Control).
2) Easements should be granted to cover the wash (floodway) and portions of the floodplain deemed a hazard by the County
Engineer when development is approved by the Board of Supervisors.

Reasons for developing goals and policies for flood prone areas are as follows:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Reduce flood hazards (minimize property loss, and promote health, safety and welfare).
Reduce cost of homeownership by eliminating the need for flood insurance.
Reduce building construction costs.
Prevent the need for the community to fund multi-million dollar flood control systems.
Enhance standing in FEMA's Community Rating System could reduce flood insurance
premiums by five percent county-wide.
Create marketable land and prevent fraudulent transactions.
Leave natural aquifer recharge areas open to absorb rainwater run-off.
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8)
9)
10)
11)

Keep septic systems away from permeable soils and reduce the chance of ground water
contamination.
Reduce flood blight.
Provide open space.
Maintain a rural feel by keeping densities low.

The Cross-Section of the FEMA Flood Hazard Zone shows a typical wash, with the extent of the
floodway and flood plain (see above). Goals and policies are designed to preserve floodways
and floodplains, prevent property loss from flooding and create usable building sites that are not
completely within a flood hazard zone.

Goals for Mitigating of Flood Hazards
Goal 4

Preserve natural floodways and flood plains.

Policy 4.1 Utilize flood plains for open space, passive recreation and trail systems.
Policy 4.2 Locate building sites outside of the flood hazard areas.
Policy 4.3 Elevate roadways above floodways which are subject to significant flooding.
Implementation Measure:
PS9

The County may consider development clustering and open space design as part of
the subdivision, minor land division and site plan review process.

PS10

Identify low-water crossings which should be elevated based upon storm event
nuisance flows which place sediment in the road and temporarily impede traffic.

New lots, created by subdivision plat or minor land division, should not be encumbered by
floodplain restrictions, including the high costs of insurance that may actually prohibit
development. New lots should have enough flood-free land area to provide for a building pad, a
well site, and a conventional septic system (Title 18, Chapter 9, ADEQ Water Pollution Control)
in Rural Development Areas. Where individual wells and/or septic tanks are less likely to occur,
and where water and sewer systems are available, notably in Suburban and Urban Development
Areas, sufficient flood-free areas should be set aside on each lot for a building pad.
Goal 5

Create usable building sites.

Policy 5.1 New lots created in Rural Development Areas or in areas without public water and
sewer service shall have at least one acre outside of the flood plain.
Policy 5.2 New lots created in Urban or Suburban Development Areas that have access to
public water and sewer systems shall have a sufficient flood-free area on each lot
created to construct a residence.

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Policy 5.3 Drainage easements should be granted, or dedicated, depending upon rate of flow
and capacity, on individual lots to cover any wash (floodway) and those portions of
the flood plain deemed a hazard by the County.
Implementation Measure:
PS11

The County Planning and Zoning Department, with assistance from the Mohave
County Flood Control District, shall review subdivision and minor land division
rezone requests to ensure that each lot or parcel created has an appropriate area
designated as a building site.

PS12

New building sites without sufficient flood-free areas set aside for building pads,
and which are not encumbered by on-site wells or septic systems, shall be elevated
above the base flood height per Mohave County Flood Control District
requirements.

PS13

The need for drainage easements shall be evaluated as part of the subdivision and
minor land division rezone review process.

PS14

Initiate and complete a comprehensive flood hazard analysis along the Stockton Hill
Corridor.

65

Section III

66

Natural Resources Element
Goals
Implementation Technique
1
Building Permit, Rezone,
Subdivision Plat, Landscape
Ordinance & BLM designation
2
Grading Permit (Hillside
Ordinance), Zoning Use Permit &
Building Permit
3
Building Permit, Grading Permit,
Rezone (matrix) & Minor Source
Permit
4
Board Resolution & Capital
Improvement Road Program
5
Building Permit, Rezone,
Subdivision Plat, Hillside
Ordinance, Landscape Ordinance
& Conservation Land Trusts
6
Dark Sky Ordinance & Building
Permit
7
Building Permit
8
Building Permit
9
Building Permit, Rezone &
Granting
10
Building Permit, Rezone,
Subdivision Plat & Zoning Use
Permit

Water Resources Element
Goals
Implementation Technique
1
Building Permit, Rezone, &
Subdivision Plat
2
Rezone, Subdivision Plat,
Grading Permit & Building
Permit
3
Building Permit & Landscape
Ordinance

Responsibility
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept,
Mohave County Public Works, Mohave
County Flood Control District & BLM
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept

Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept,
Mohave County Public Works & ADEQ.
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept &
Mohave County Public Works
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept,
Mohave County Public Works & Property
Owners
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept

Responsibility
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept.,
ADWR and ADEQ.
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept.,
Mohave County Public Works & Mohave
County Flood Control District
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept,
Mohave County Public Works, Mohave
County Environmental Heath Dept. &
ADWR.

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Land Use Element
Goals
Implementation Technique
1
Land Use Diagram, Rezone,
Subdivision Plat, Building Permit
& Zoning Use Permit
2
Land Use Diagram, Rezone,
Subdivision Plat, Building
Permit, Zoning Use Permit &
Conservation Land Trusts
3
Land Use Diagram, Rezone,
Subdivision Plat, Building
Permit, Zoning Use Permit &
Conservation Land Trusts
4
Land Use Diagram, Rezone
Board Resolution, Capital
Improvement Program & BLM
designation
5
Board Resolution, BLM & State
Land Dept. designation
6
Rezone (see “matrix” for minor
land divisions), Subdivision Plat,
Building Permit, Site Plan
Review & Zoning Use Permit.
7
Land Use Diagram, Rezone,
Subdivision Plat, Site Plan
Review & Building Permit
8
Building Permit

Transportation Element
Goals
Implementation Technique
1
Rezone, Subdivision Plat,
Exactions, & Capital
Improvement Road Program
2
Rezone, Subdivision Plat,
Granting/Dedication & Capital
Improvement Road Program

Responsibility
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept.,
& Mohave County Public Works.
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept.,
& Mohave County Public Works.

Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept.,
& Mohave County Public Works.

Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept &
Mohave County Public Works, School
Districts, Fire Districts, & Sheriff’s Office.
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept,
BLM & State Land Department
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept.,
Mohave County Public Works & Mohave
County Flood Control District
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept

Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept

Responsibility
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept.,
& Mohave County Public Works.
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept.,
Mohave County Public Works & Mohave
County Trails Association

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Public Facilities & Public Safety Element
Goals
Implementation Technique
1
Building Permit, Dedication,
Annexation, Incorporation &
Landscape Ordinance
2
Dedication, General Fund &
Capital Improvement Road
Program.
3
Capital Improvement Road
Program.
4
Rezone, Subdivision Plat
Building permits & Site Plan
Review.
5
Building Permits, Rezone,
Subdivision Plat &
Granting/Dedication

Responsibility
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept.,
Fire Departments, BLM and Land Owners.
Mohave County Sheriff's Office, Mohave
County Planning and Zoning Dept. &
Mohave County Public Works.
Mohave County Public Works.
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept.,
Mohave County Public Works & Mohave
County Flood Control District.
Mohave County Planning and Zoning Dept.,
Mohave County Public Works & Mohave
County Flood Control District.

69