ADOT

Maintenance and Facilities
Best Management Practices Manual

2010

PREFACE
The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) directs control of impacts to stormwater via
a Statewide Stormwater Management Plan (SSWMP), and a statewide stormwater individual
permit. The Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual (herein refered to
as Manual) is one component of the SSWMP. It contains Best Management Practices (BMPs)
in three sections: Roadway Maintenance BMPs (Chapter 2), Facilities BMPs (Chapter 3), and
Good Housekeeping BMPs (Chapter 4). Roadway Maintenance BMPs are formatted for single or
multiple activity codes as defined in the ADOT Maintenance Performance Control System (PeCoS)
database. This database defines and describes all maintenance activities. It was used by ADOT
and the Arizona Departent of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) to determine which maintenance
activities would require stormwater protection BMPs. The Facilities BMPs have been formatted
by facilities maintenance programs rather than PeCoS activity codes. The Good Housekeeping
BMPs are applicable to all Roadway Maintenance and Facilities programs. A glossary is provided
in Appendix A for those unfamiliar with environmental terms and acronyms.
BMPs evolve and change as ADOT activities change or new and improved methodologies are
developed. The user of this manual is encouraged to provide feedback and share suggestions on
BMP modifications with supervisors and District Environmental Coordinators (DECs). If none of
the BMPs are appropriate or applicable to a new or modified activity, employees should contact
their immediate supervisor and/or the DEC for guidance. Several references to other manuals,
permits, or policies are found within this manual. The following links will assist the reader in using
these references.
1. ADOT Erosion and Pollution Control Manual for Highway Design and Construction
http://www.azdot.gov/adot_and/storm_water/Erosion_Pollution_Control_Manual.asp
2. ADOT Equipment Services BMP Manual (internal)
http://adotnet/Divisions/TS/equipsvcs/PDF/BMP_Manual_Shops.pdf
3. ADOT Demolition, Salvage, Asbestos/Abatement Procedures
http://www.azdot.gov/highways/row/PDF/9320_Manual.pdf
4. ADOT Safety Exposure Control Policy 3.01 (internal)
http://spweb/intranet/adot/viewPDF.asp?txtPolicyTrackID=T000000379
5. ADOT Safety Hazard Communication Policy 7.01 (internal)
http://spweb/intranet/adot/viewPDF.asp?txtPolicyTrackID=T000000359
6. ADOT Adopt a Highway Safety Briefing
http://www.azdot.gov/Highways/AdoptAHwy/PDF/Safety_Requirements.pdf
7. ADOT Adopt a Highway Safety Video for Volunteers
http://www.azdot.gov/asfroot/Adoptahighway/safetyvideo_300k.wmv
8. ADEQ Arizona Construction General Permit, Permit No. AZG2008-001
http://www.azdeq.gov/function/forms/appswater.html#cgp
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9. ADEQ DeMinimus General Permit, Permit No. AZG2009-001
http://www.azdeq.gov/environ/water/permits/gen.html#demi
10. PeCoS Database (internal)
http://adotnet/divisions/ITD/Maintenance_Group/Documents/PerformGuidelines/index.
Asp
11. Statewide Stormwater Management Plan
http://www.azdot.gov/Highways/OES/Water_Quality/Stormwater/PDF/SSWMP.pdf
12. Approved Products List
http://www.azdot.gov/TPD/ATRC/PRIDE/apl.asp
13. OES Section 404 Permit Guidance
http://www.azdot.gov/highways/EPG/EPG_common/section_404.asp
14. General Stormwater Guidance
(e.g., SWPPP checklist, SMART NOI, NOT forms)
http://www.azdeq.gov
15. EPA Stormwater Guidance
(e.g., Electronic NOI forms, EPA 2008 CGP, EPA 2008 MSGP )
http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/home.cfm?program_id=6
16. Road-Related Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s)
http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/municroads/home.cfm
The Manual is designed to provide employees and other users with general information relevant
to the stormwater activities and responsibilities of ADOT. This manual is not intended to establish
a legal standard of care or conduct. It is subject to modification and revision and will be updated
as deemed necessary.
In addition, the ADOT personnel identified and the supplemental documents referenced throughout
this plan are subject to modification and revision and will be updated as deemed necessary.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE. ..............................................................................................................i
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION. ........................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 PURPOSE OF MANUAL.....................................................................................1-1
1.2 RESPONSIBILITIES............................................................................................1-2
1.2.1 Roadway Maintenance....................................................................................1-2
1.2.2 Facilities...........................................................................................................1-2
1.3 WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS AND PERMITS.......................................1-2
1.3.1 Section 402 of the Clean Water Act, National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination system Stormwater Permit Requirements.....................................1-2
1.3.2 Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.................................................................1-4
1.3.3 Section 401 of the Clean Water Act.................................................................1-5
1.3.4 OTHER PERMITS...........................................................................................1-5
1.3.5 Additional Federal Agency Requirements........................................................1-5
1.3.6 State and Local Government Requirements...................................................1-6

CHAPTER 2
ROADWAY MAINTENANCE
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES .................................................. 2-1
PROGRAM 100 - SURFACE......................................................................................2-3
Activities 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113,
114, 115, 116, 119 – Paved Surface Maintenance......................................2-3
Activities 403, 407 – Surface Preparation for Pavement Marking.............................2-3
PROGRAM 120 - unpaved SURFACEs................................................................2-5
Activity 121 - BLADE UNPAVED ROADS..................................................................2-5
Activity 123 – Soil Stabilization Unpaved Roads.......................................................2-7
PROGRAM 130 - SHOULDERS................................................................................2-9
Activities 131, 132, 133, 134 – Blade Unpaved Shoulders........................................2-9
Activity 135 – Flush Shoulder Edge.........................................................................2-11
PROGRAM 140 - vegetation control.........................................................2-13
Activity 1400 – Soil Stabilization..............................................................................2-13
Activities 1420, 1421, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1440, 1441, 1492,
351, 353, 354 – Chemical Vegetation Control..........................................2-17
Activity 1450 – Tumbleweed removal/disposal ......................................................2-19
Activities 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 315, 324, 363 – Tree/Brush Removal
and Maintenance.....................................................................................2-21
Activity 1464 - Salvage Native Trees, Shrubs, and Cacti........................................2-23

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Activities 1470, 1471 – Hydroseeding and Hydromulching.....................................2-25
Activities 1472, 1473, 1475, 1476, 314, 323 – Tilling, Seeding, and Planting ........2-27
Activities 1480, 1481, 1482, 1490 – Fire Breaks and Prescribed Burning..............2-29
PROGRAM 150 - roadside..................................................................................2-31
Activities 1501, 1502, 1507, 1590 – Full Width Litter Pickup and
Mechanical Sweeping..............................................................................................2-31
Activities 1505, 1506 – Fence and Guardrail Maintenance.....................................2-33
PROGRAM 160 - drainage..................................................................................2-35
Activities 1601, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1608, 1690 – Drainage Inspection
and Maintenance.....................................................................................................2-35
Activities 1610, 1611 – Roadway Pump Preventive Maintenance
Inspection and Repair..............................................................................................2-37
PROGRAM 170 - snow and ice removal.....................................................2-39
Activities 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 179 – Plow Snow and/or Apply
Abrasives/Deicer......................................................................................................2-39
PROGRAM 200 - rest area................................................................................2-41
Activities 209, 220, 259 – Rest Area Maintenance Utility Work...............................2-41
PROGRAM 300 - landscape..............................................................................2-43
Activities 332, 333 – Irrigation System Maintenance and Inspections.....................2-43
Activity 341 – Granite Erosion Control.....................................................................2-45
Activity 343 – Non-Granite Erosion Control.............................................................2-47
PROGRAM 400 - traffic control. ................................................................2-49
Activity 456 – Wash Interstate Signs.......................................................................2-49
PROGRAM 500 - sign factory. ........................................................................2-51
Activities 503, 509....................................................................................................2-51
PROGRAM 510 – TRAFFIC SIGNALS. .................................................................2-53
Activity 5117 – Paint Traffic Signals/Highway Lighting Poles..................................2-53
Activity 5255 – Repair Roadway and Sign Lighting.................................................2-55
PROGRAM 540 – Tunnel maintenance........................................................2-57
Activities 5171, 5401, 5404.....................................................................................2-57
PROGRAM 600 – OVERHEAD. ..............................................................................2-59
Activity 611 – Material Handling...............................................................................2-59
Activity 612 – Work for Equipment Services . .........................................................2-61
pROGRAMS 700 – NON-ROUTINE MAINTENANCE. ........................................2-63
Activities 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750 – Non-Routine Maintenance......................2-63
prOGRAM 800 – MATERIAL HANDLING............................................................2-65
Activity 891 – Make Pre-mix (Asphalt) Material.......................................................2-65
Activity 892 – Stockpile Material..............................................................................2-67
PROGRAM 800 – MATERIAL HANDLING............................................................2-69
Activity 897 – Truck Screen ....................................................................................2-69
Activity 899 – Other Material Overhead (Material Source Mining)..........................2-71

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CHAPTER 3
FACILITIES
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES .................................................. 3-1
PROGRAM 1 – BUILDINGS.......................................................................................3-3
Activities 1.0 – Facility Cleaning................................................................................3-3
Activities 1.1 – HVAC Condensation Management....................................................3-5
Activity 1.2 – Fire Sprinkler System Maintenance.....................................................3-7
Activity 1.3 – Painting................................................................................................3-9
Activity 1.4 – Graffiti Removal..................................................................................3-11
Activity 1.5 – Shipping/Receiving/Loading Docks....................................................3-13
PROGRAM 2 – sites, yards, and grounds................................................3-15
Activity 2.0 – Vehicle Parking Areas........................................................................3-15
Activity 2.1 – Vehicle Parking Areas (Snow and Ice Removal)................................3-17
Activity 2.2 – Rooftops.............................................................................................3-19
Activity 2.3 – Landscape Work................................................................................3-21
Activity 2.4 – Culvert and Watercourse Clearing.....................................................3-23
Activity 2.5 – Fence Work........................................................................................3-25
Activity 2.6 – Sediment Control – Track-in/Track-out...............................................3-27
PROGRAM 3 – general automotive activities. ....................................3-29
Activity 3.0 – Fueling Stations..................................................................................3-29
Activity 3.1 – Outdoor Vehicle and Equipment Storage...........................................3-31
Activity 3.2 – Vehicle Fluid Management.................................................................3-33
Activity 3.3 – Vehicle/Equipment Wash Facilities....................................................3-35
PROGRAM 4 – sewerage facilities.............................................................3-37
Activity 4.0 – Sewer Systems, Septic Systems, and Portable Toilets......................3-37
PROGRAM 5 – water systems. .......................................................................3-39
Activity 5.0 – Potable Water Supply Systems and Waterline Testing......................3-39
Activity 5.1 – Well Development and Maintenance..................................................3-41
Activity 5.2 – Landscape Irrigation...........................................................................3-43
PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE...............3-45
Activity 6.0 – Paint Storage and Handling...............................................................3-45
Activity 6.1 – Storage and Handling of Chemicals...................................................3-47
Activity 6.2 – Storage of Pesticides and Herbicides................................................3-49
Activity 6.3 – Liquid and Solid Deicer Management................................................3-51
Activity 6.4 – Battery Storage..................................................................................3-53
Activity 6.5 – Storage and Handling of Asphalt Paving Products............................3-55
Activity 6.6 – Material Stockpile Management.........................................................3-57
Activity 6.7 – Storage and Handling of Pre-mix Material.........................................3-59
Activity 6.8 – Storage and Handling of Bagged Bulk Materials...............................3-61
Activity 6.9 – Storage and Handling of Construction Materials................................3-63
Activity 6.10 – Concrete (Portland Cement) Management......................................3-65
Activity 6.11 – Management of Treated Timbers......................................................3-67

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE...........................................................................................................3-69
Activity 7.0 – Solid Waste Storage and Disposal.....................................................3-69
Activity 7.1 – Construction Demolition and Debris Removal...................................3-71
Activity 7.2 – Highway Debris Management............................................................3-73

PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
regulated waste...............................................................................................3-75
Activity 7.3 – Oily waste Management.....................................................................3-75
Activity 7.4 – Oily Residues from Clarifiers and Oil/Water Separators....................3-77
Activity 7.5 – Waste Tires........................................................................................3-79
Activity 7.6 – Dewatering of Material Containment Facilities and
Structures................................................................................................................3-81
Activity 7.7 – Chemical Waste Disposal..................................................................3-83
Activity 7.8 – Paint Disposal....................................................................................3-85
Activity 7.9 – Aerosol Can Disposal.........................................................................3-87
Activity 7.10 – Electrical Waste Handling................................................................3-89
Activity 7.11 – Spent Battery Management..............................................................3-91
Activity 7.12 – Used Antifreeze Handling.................................................................3-93
Activity 7.13 – Used Rags, Cloths, and Coveralls Disposal....................................3-95

CHAPTER 4
GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES .................................................. 4-1
PROGRAM 8 – GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES........................................4-3
Activity 8.0 – Scheduling and Planning.....................................................................4-3
Activity 8.1 – Preventive Maintenance.......................................................................4-5
Activity 8.2 – Product Substitution and Inventory Control..........................................4-7
Activity 8.3 – Training.................................................................................................4-9
PROGRAM 9 – SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL. .....................................4-11
Activity 9.0 – Yard and Facility Spills.......................................................................4-11
Activity 9.1 – Small Spill Response Procedures......................................................4-13

APPENDIX A
ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
OF TERMS ....................................................................................................... 5-1

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APPENDIX B
INSTRUCTIONS FOR OBTAINING ARIZONA OR FEDERAL
CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT AUTHORIZATION FOR
ADOT MAINTENANCE PROJECTS.................................................... 6-1
APPENDIX C
VEGETATION MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES................................................... 7-1
(Excerpts from ADOT Office of Environmental Services). . 7-1

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
District roadway maintenance activities and facilities operations are potential sources of sediment
and pollutants in stormwater runoff. To minimize the effect, it is necessary to integrate a variety
of temporary and permanent erosion, sediment, and pollutant control measures into the work
methods used to complete these activities.
Erosion, sedimentation, and pollution from these activities can have environmental and
economic impacts. The more common impacts of sediment runoff and release of pollutants into
stormwater include:
•• Loss of topsoil that leaves hard, rocky, and infertile soil, which is more difficult
to revegetate.
•• Turbidity, which reduces in-stream photosynthesis and increases water
temperatures, leading to reduced food supply and aquatic habitat.
•• Introduction of soil nutrients into waters that cause algal blooms, which reduces
water clarity and depletes oxygen.
•• Sedimentation of stream bottoms that blankets vegetation and wildlife and
impacts spawning areas.
•• Introduction of undesirable organic and inorganic materials into watercourses,
which can have long-term consequences for human and biotic communities.
The impacts listed above result in damage to the environment that is difficult to quantify in terms of
cost and quality of life. The costs to remove sediments and pollutants from affected watercourses
can be very high. Removal can also cause disruption to the drainage functions and aquatic or
terrestrial habitats.

1.1 PURPOSE OF MANUAL
ADOT has prepared this manual in cooperation with key stakeholders to provide a variety of Best
Management Practices (BMPs) that will reduce impacts to environmentally sensitive resources.
This manual is intended as a reference for use during project planning, permit applications (if
required), as well as field operations. The BMPs in this manual are intended to provide guidance
associated with sound environmental stewardship toward natural, cultural, and social resources.
The overall purpose of this manual is to:
•• Outline ADOT’s procedures for complying with water quality regulations.
•• Provide a variety of Activity BMPs for use by ADOT Maintenance and Facility
operations.

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1.2 RESPONSIBILITIES
1.2.1 Roadway Maintenance
To ensure compliance with applicable water quality regulations, the minimization and/or elimination
of sedimentation and stormwater discharges must be incorporated into the routine maintenance
of all ADOT roadway operations and facilities. For roadway maintenance operations, the District
Maintenance Supervisor or his designee, Natural Resources Managers, or contractor will be
responsible for implementation of BMPs or preparation of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention
Plan (SWPPP), if applicable, prior to roadway maintenance activities.
Note: In the following sections, Maintenance is used as a generic term and may include Natural
Resource personnel that perform maintenance activities identified in PeCoS. In addition, “operator”
is used to mean either ADOT alone or ADOT and the contractor. The District Environmental
Coordinator (DEC) will provide assistance with environmental compliance and permitting issues
as they arise.
1.2.2 Facilities
At ADOT Maintenance Yards where more than one ADOT organization resides, the ADOT
Maintenance Yard Supervisor will be the lead for implementation of the stormwater management
BMPs or SWPPP, with the assistance of each ranking member of each organization in
residence.
Each organization will endorse and sign the SWPPP, if one is prepared. At other types of facilities,
such as Ports of Entry or administrative complexes, the lead ADOT organization responsible
for water quality compliance may be the Motor Vehicle Division, Department of Public Safety,
Aeronautics, or ADOT Physical Plant Facilities. In all cases, the DEC will provide assistance with
environmental compliance and permitting issues as they arise.

1.3 WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS AND PERMITS
Attention must be given to water quality regulations and permit requirements throughout the
planning, design, construction, and maintenance of a project or facility to ensure that the quality
of the Waters of the US is not compromised. The following is a general overview of the pertinent
regulations and permitting requirements.
1.3.1 Section 402 of the Clean Water Act, National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination system Stormwater Permit Requirements
Section 402 of the CWA establishes the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
Permit Program which issues individual permits for allowable discharges to waters of the United
States and grants authorization to use the Federal Construction General Permit (FCGP) to
qualified applicants. All facilities that discharge pollutants from any point source into waters of the
United States are required to seek coverage under a NPDES permit. The EPA administers this
Federal Program and has authorized individual states to operate the Program at the state level.
In Arizona, this permit provides coverage for projects in Indian Country.
The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) operates the Arizona Pollutant
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Discharge Elimination System (AZPDES) Permit Program and issues individual permits for
allowable discharges to waters of the United States and grants authorization to use the Arizona
Construction General Permit (AZCGP) to qualified applicants. In Arizona, this permit provides
coverage for projects outside of Indian Country.
ADOT is authorized to discharge stormwater under the ADOT Statewide Permit for Discharge to
Waters of the United States Individual Permit issued by ADEQ. This permit covers ADOT staff
only projects; operators under contract to ADOT must apply for authorization under the FCGP or
the AZCGP.
During preparation of ADOT’s original Statewide Stormwater Management Plan (2005), all
roadway maintenance activities and facility activities with the potential to generate stormwater
pollutants were evaluated for applicability of CGP requirements or the application of BMPs.
Activities qualifying for CGP coverage require preparation of a SWPPP and filing of a Notice of
Intent (NOI, ADOT does not file an NOI) for coverage (see Appendix B for additional information
on CGP coverage). Other activities may be subject to the BMPs identified in this manual.
ADOT Roadway Maintenance
Construction projects require coverage under one of the CGP if 1 or more acres are disturbed.
For projects completed by ADOT on State Land (not Indian Lands), coverage is under the ADOT
Individual Permit. ADOT roadway maintenance activities that qualify as new construction projects
rather than routine maintenance activities include, but are not limited to, the following:
••
••
••
••

Installation of new drainage structures.
Construction of new turnouts.
Construction of new climbing or turn lanes.
Construction Group “inherited” projects that have not yet achieved final
stabilization.

EPA defines routine maintenance activities as maintenance that is performed to maintain the
original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of the facility (40 CFR, Section
122.26 [15][i]). EPA further states that routine maintenance activities are exempt from stormwater
discharge permitting requirements. ADEQ has adopted this same definition but currently limits
it to small construction activity only (disturbance that is less than 5 acres). Therefore, ADOT
has applied the 5-acre threshold to the stormwater discharge exemption for all ADOT routine
maintenance activities. The 5-acre threshold includes all temporary and permanent disturbances
to soil from such activities as ditch cleaning and shoulder repair. If these types of activities disturb
5 or more acres during one distinct project (continuous in time and location), the operator will
prepare a SWPPP and submit an NOI (ADOT does not submit an NOI) prior to conducting the
activity.
For those maintenance activities that require coverage under a CGP (as defined above), the
operator, in coordination with the DEC and other Office of Environmental Services (OES) personnel
shall:
•• Comply with all terms and conditions of the CGP and the ADOT Permit.
•• Prepare and implement a site-specific SWPPP that meets the minimum
requirements of the CGP and the ADOT Permit.
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•• Submit an NOI (ADOT does not submit an NOI to ADEQ) to ADEQ or EPA after
the contract has been awarded and before any maintenance activity begins (the
NOI is submitted to the EPA if the project is located on Tribal Trust Lands).
•• Submit a Notice of Termination (NOT) to ADEQ or EPA when maintenance
activities are complete, all permanent erosion and sedimentation controls are
in place, and final stabilization has been achieved.
ADOT Facilities
Approximately 230 ADOT-owned facilities (e.g., administrative complexes, maintenance yards,
equipment service centers) have been inventoried and classified as part of ADOT’s SSWMP.
ADEQ has determined the regulatory classification and applicable stormwater category for each
of those facilities. As a result, some ADOT facilities are required to conduct daily operations in
accordance with a site-specific SWPPP prepared for that facility. Other facilities are not required
to prepare a SWPPP, but must conduct operations that incorporate BMPs suited for that site’s
activities. In addition, some facilities that are located within the geographic boundaries of a
Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) are subject to the stormwater requirements of
that MS4. Operations at each facility are governed by the applicable SWPPP, BMPs, or MS4
requirements for that site. The BMPs identified in this manual are applicable to all ADOT facilities
unless superseded by SWPPP or MS4 requirements. Maintenance personnel should request
assistance from the DEC if stormwater compliance information is required for a specific facility.
1.3.2 Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
Section 404 of the CWA regulates the discharge of dredged or fill material within Waters of the
US and establishes a permit program. In Arizona, the US Army Corps of Engineers (Corps)
administers this program with advisory input from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the National
Marine Fisheries Service and Arizona resources such as the Department of Environmental
Quality, the Game and Fish Department and the Department of Water Resources. The phrase
“discharge of dredged or fill material” includes all earthwork activities such as clearing, grading,
filling, redistribution, and excavating.
The Section 404 program has considerable impact on the design, construction, and maintenance
of Arizona’s highways. Essentially, any proposed work in washes, rivers, streams, lakes, and
wetlands requires ADOT OES to obtain a permit from the Corps for new construction. Typical
projects that are affected include the construction and maintenance of culverts, bridges, and
stream bank erosion protection.
OES oversees the preparation and implementation of all Section 404 permits. For additional
information, see the 404 Procedures Manual available online and/or coordinate with the DEC.
The federal Section 404 permit program can be easily confused with the ADEQ Section 402
AZPDES program. It is important to remember, however, that they are two separate and distinct
regulatory programs. The distinction is that a Section 404 permit provides permission to dredge
and add fill material to Waters of the US, whereas a Section 402 AZPDES permit provides
permission to discharge stormwater to Waters of the US in compliance with permit limitations,
conditions, and BMPs.

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1.3.3 Section 401 of the Clean Water Act
Section 401 of the CWA enables states to provide certification that the draft Section 404 permit
is in compliance with state law. The purpose of Section 401 is to ensure that the proposed
activity meets the state’s water quality standards and any other pertinent state-required criteria.
OES oversees the preparation and submittal of Section 401 certifications via the environmental
clearance process. In Arizona, ADEQ performs the State Water Quality Certification Review
for all areas of the state, with the exception of Indian reservations. For projects within the White
Mountain Apache Reservation, the Tribal Environmental Planning Office performs certification
reviews. For projects within all other Indian reservations in Arizona, EPA performs certification
reviews. Section 401 certification requirements apply to all activities regulated under Section 404
of the CWA. State and tribal water quality compliance is achieved by following the Section 401
certification requirements specified within the terms and conditions of each nationwide permit.
For some nationwide permits and all individual Section 404 permits, a separate Section 401
certification application must be submitted to ADEQ and/or EPA. ADEQ and/or EPA may approve
or deny certification for any Section 404 permit based on the anticipated effect on water quality. A
Letter of Certification should be issued by ADEQ and/or EPA when the applicant is in compliance
with these standards and conditions.
1.3.4 OTHER PERMITS
The AZPDES De Minimis General Permit covers small discharges resulting from specific activities
such as subterranean dewatering, hydrostatic testing, operation of potable water systems and
charitable car washes.
ADEQ administers the Aquifer Protection Program and issues Aquifer Protection Permits (APP).
You must obtain a permit “if you own or operate a facility that discharges a pollutant to an aquifer
or the land surface or the vadose zone in such a manner that there is a reasonable probability that
the pollutant will reach an aquifer.” Some highway construction projects must obtain an APP.
1.3.5 Additional Federal Agency Requirements
Several agencies within the US government manage public lands and may have their own erosion
and pollution control requirements. These agencies include, but are not limited to, the Bureau
of Land Management, Bureau of Indian Affairs, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest
Service, National Park Service, and US Fish and Wildlife Service. Each affected agency will be
included in the planning and design process when roadway construction or maintenance activities
are being planned within their jurisdictions. Doing so will ensure that their requirements are made
part of the undertaking.
Stored Specifications (Sections 104.09, 805, and 810) and project-specific special provisions are
constantly being modified by the Contracts and Specifications Section to keep ADOT’s activities
in compliance with current environmental regulations. Because the regulatory requirements
periodically change and new BMPs (products and techniques) are routinely being field-tested,
this is an evolving practice within ADOT. Maintenance personnel and the DECs will need to work
closely to determine how to effectively comply with a broad array of environmental requirements
when completing their maintenance tasks.
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1.3.6 State and Local Government Requirements
Projects may be located within the jurisdictions of other state agencies or local governments.
These may include MS4s and County Flood Control Districts. Each affected agency shall be
included in the planning and design process when roadway construction or maintenance plans
are prepared within their jurisdictions. This will ensure that their requirements are incorporated
into the plans.
Other environmental issues, such as archaeological or historic sites and/or endangered species,
may be identified during project planning and design that could affect design, construction, and
maintenance activities. If these issues are encountered on a project, other state agencies such as
the Arizona Game and Fish Department and the State Historic Preservation Office may contribute
environmental mitigation elements.

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CHAPTER 2
ROADWAY MAINTENANCE
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
The Roadway Maintenance BMP numbering sequence is directly related to the program and
activity numbers for the relevant maintenance practices within the Maintenance Performance
Control System (PeCoS), a database that defines and describes all maintenance activities.
Activities are divided by general subject matter into groupings. BMPs have been developed for
various activities within the following groupings:
Program 100 – Surface
Program 120 – Unpaved Surfaces
Program 130 – Shoulders
Program 140 – Vegetation Control
Program 150 – Roadside
Program 160 – Drainage
Program 170 – Snow and Ice Removal
Program 200 – Rest Area
Program 300 – Landscape
Program 400 – Traffic Control
Program 500 – Sign Factory
Program 510 – Traffic Signals
Program 540 - Tunnel Maintenance
Program 600 – Overhead
Program 700 – Non-routine Maintenance
Program 800 – Material Handling
ADOT Activities vs. Contract Maintenance Activities
Descriptions contained within this manual are necessarily abbreviated to maintain a consistent
format. Full activity Description and additional information may be found within the most current
version of PeCoS, found on the ADOTNet (internal) at
http://adotnet/divisions/ITD/Maintenance_Group/Documents/PerformGuidelines/index.asp
Chapter 4, Good Housekeeping BMPs, Programs 8–9 are general categories of BMPs that may
be required for one or more roadway maintenance or facilities activities.

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PROGRAM 100 - SURFACE
Activities 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115,
116, 119 – Paved Surface Maintenance
Activities 403, 407 – Surface Preparation for Pavement Marking
Description
These activities include surface preparation, surface replacement or repair, patching with pre-mix,
crack sealing, seal coating, flushing, concrete pavement repair, and surface cleanup following
repair. Activities 403 and 407 include sawcutting, grinding, and power washing to remove pavement
markings and reapply new markings.
Applications and Limitations
These procedures are implemented where paving, surfacing, resurfacing, pavement washing,
or saw cutting may pollute stormwater runoff or discharge to stormwater drainage systems or
watercourses.
Do

•• Install storm drain inlet protection prior to paving
operations, including when seal coat, tack coat,
slurry seal, or fog seal is applied:
•• Block nearby storm drain inlets by capping and
covering with waterproof material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter fabric,
gravel, or stone filters, etc., to keep sediment
out of the storm drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the activity is
complete and until all water has drained or
evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain
inlets when the acitivity is complete.
•• Minimize water use and control any runoff.
•• Consult the MSDS or label for specific chemical handling instructions.
•• Dampen dry exposed soil created to reduce airborne particles.
•• Use a mechanical broom with a pre-wetting feature to sweep debris from the
road surface onto the shoulder.
•• Roll and compact placed millings.
•• Follow BMPs for paving products, pre-mix, and concrete (refer to Program 6,
Activities 6.5, 6.7, and 6.10 BMPs).
•• Use asphalt release agents that are biodegradable (e.g., citrus, soy-based) for
cleaning and coating of equipment and tools.
•• Clean pavers over absorbent pads, drip pans, plastic sheeting, or other
materials to collect residual cleaning wastes.
•• Dispose of removed material in accordance with Chapter 3, Program 7 BMPs.
•• Cover or berm material stockpiles in accordance with Chapter 3, Program 6,
Activity 6.6.
•• Use dry cutting techniques, if possible.
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•• Contain slurry and cuttings during cutting, washing, and surfacing operations.
•• Dispose of collected slurry and cuttings as solid waste. Characterize millings or
grindings for removal of highway striping paint prior to disposal.
•• Capture and allow process water that is generated during hydro-demolition,
surface roughening, or similar operations to evaporate and dispose of residuals
as solid waste.
•• Handle and dispose of cleaning waste material and demolition debris as
appropriate.
•• Haul the material out of the area to an appropriate disposal site if the area is
swept with a sweeper.
•• Sweep and dispose of excess asphalt as solid waste.
Don’t

••
••
••
••
••
••
••
••
••

Use more material than necessary.
Place stockpiles near storm drain inlets, watercourses, or sensitive waters.
Place stockpiles without perimeter containment.
Apply seal coat, tack coat, slurry seal, or fog seal if precipitation is predicted to
occur during the application or curing period.
Allow slurry and cuttings to remain on permanent concrete or asphalt pavement
overnight.
Allow slurry and cuttings to drain to any watercourse.
Allow process water that is generated during hydro demolition, surface
roughening, or similar operations to drain to any watercourse.
Discharge asphalt release agents to storm drain inlets, watercourses, or
sensitive waters.
Use diesel fuel as an asphalt release agent.

Maintain
•• Machinery in good repair to minimize leaks and drips.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
Inspect
•• Operations continually to determine whether slurry, cuttings, or process water
could enter watercourses. If so, immediately implement preventive measures
such as berms, barriers, secondary containment, and use of vacuum trucks.

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PROGRAM 120 - unpaved SURFACEs
Activity 121 - BLADE UNPAVED ROADS
Description
Grade unpaved roads, including frontage roads, to restore proper shape, smoothness, and
drainage. This activity includes forming or reforming drainage gutters, removal of berms, and
placement of cut material on the roadway.
Applications and Limitations
If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine whether
a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program
2, Activity 2.6). If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a project specific SWPPP (refer to
Chapter 1).
Do

Don’t

•• Identify and protect areas of environmental
importance, storm drain inlets, watercourses,
or sensitive waters.
•• Schedule grading activities, to the extent
practicable, when surface soils are moist but
precipitation is not anticipated.
•• Grade from one side of the road to the other;
smooth and compact to the original grade; use
all disturbed soil within the roadway footprint.
•• Evaluate the need for check dams and install
as needed.
•• Moisten the soil with water to eliminate
airborne particles if dust is being generated.
•• Minimize water use and control runoff.
•• Stabilize graded areas.
•• Service equipment in close proximity to storm drain inlets, watercourses, or
sensitive waters.
•• Discharge materials to storm drain inlets, watercourses, or sensitive waters.

Maintain
•• Machinery to minimize leaks and drips.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
Inspect
•• To identify erosion areas.
•• Equipment prior to operation.

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PROGRAM 120 - unpaved SURFACEs
Activity 123 – Soil Stabilization Unpaved Roads
Description
Apply soil stabilizer to promote compaction and reinenforce soil characteristics for proper shape,
dust control and maintenance of unpaved surface treatment or dirt and gravel roads.
Applications and Limitations
If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine whether
a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program
2, Activity 2.6). If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a project specific SWPPP (refer to
Chapter 1).
Do

Don’t

•• Identify and protect areas of
environmental importance, storm
drain inlets, watercourses, or sensitive
waters.
•• Evaluate the need for check dams prior
to application and install as needed.
•• Clean application and transport tanks
that may have been used previously
or will be used for other purposes
in accordance with applicable
regulations.
•• Use environmentally friendly dust
palliatives in accordance with MSDS
and manufacturer’s instruction.
•• Ensure all preparation and mixing is performed in a temporary containment
facility.
•• Spray or apply at lowest effective rate to avoid wind drift.
•• Refer to Chapter 2, Program 140, Activity 1400.
•• Properly dispose of any waste products and post-application rinsate (refer to
Chapter 3, Program 7 BMPs).
•• Apply if precipitation is predicted during application or curing period.
•• Mix more material than necessary.

Maintain
•• Storage of chemical agents in accordance with all applicable regulations and
the manufacturer’s instructions.

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Inspect
•• For potential impact to watercourses and areas of environmental importance
prior to earthmoving and for increased probability of erosion afterward.

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PROGRAM 130 - SHOULDERS
Activities 131, 132, 133, 134 – BLADE UNPAVED SHOULDERS
Description
Return roadway prism to an as-built condition. This activity includes blading unpaved shoulders,
repairing unpaved shoulders as well as shoulders behind guardrail, and maintaining unpaved
turnouts and crossovers. Blade and reshape drainage ditches, including fill and cut sections,
if necessary, to correct pavement drop-off, rutting of shoulders, and accumulation of shoulder
material.
Applications and Limitations
If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine whether
a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program
2, Activity 2.6). If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a project specific SWPPP (refer to
Chapter 1).
Do

Don’t

•• Limit disturbance area to the extent necessary, minimizing vegetation impacts
and area to be revegetated.
•• Preserve a vegetated buffer zone in areas of environmental importance.
•• Evaluate the need for installation of temporary erosion control devices, such as
sediment logs, sediment wattles, and check dams, to protect roadside drainage
and exposed shoulder soils.
•• Moisten the soil with water to eliminate airborne particles if dust is being
generated.
•• Minimize water use and control runoff.
•• Blade, feather, moisten, and roll materials to edge of pavement. Keep grading
above the ditch line, where possible, to reduce disturbance to vegetative cover
in the ditch bottom.
•• Gradually adjust the blade down as the front wheels pass the lowest point
and then adjust the blade up as the rear wheels follow in valleys and swags.
This will prevent loose, easily erodible material from piling up where runoff and
concentrated flows frequently occur, thus preventing loss of valuable road fill
and preventing massive sedimentation to watercourses.
•• Smooth and firm shoulders to the original design grade.
•• Stabilize exposed soils with native seeding, etc., as appropriate.
•• Place any materials in watercourses.
•• Create slopes steeper than 2:1 (horizontal to vertical).
•• Repair or maintain equipment in close proximity to watercourse.

Maintain
•• Equipment in proper operating condition to prevent leaks and drips.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
•• Roadway surface as it must remain higher than the ditch line.
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Inspect
•• Before blading for surface water drainages and areas of environmental
importance, and afterward for increased potential of erosion.

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PROGRAM 130 - SHOULDERS
activity 135 – Flush Shoulder Edge
Description
Apply emulsified petroleum resin or emulsified asphalt to shoulder edge as a flush coat to
rejuvenate aged asphalt and retard surface deterioration. Apply liquid asphalt and cover material
to seal and restore shoulder edge life.
Applications and Limitations
This activity does not allow for disturbance of the underlying soils. Unconsolidated material and
emulsion must not be allowed to migrate from the project area or into watercourses during this
activity.
Do

Don’t

•• Protect storm drain inlets, watercourses, sensitive waters, and areas of
environmental importance.
•• Implement Chapter 2, Program 800, Activity 892 for temporary stockpiles.
•• Carry spill response materials such as absorbent boom, containment boom,
material safety data sheets (MSDSs), and drip pads.
•• Store, prepare, and mix any liquid or petroleum products within temporary
containment.
•• Sweep dirt, sand, or other debris off the roadway prior to flushing.
•• Dispose of debris and litter at approved sites.
•• Coordinate crews, when feasible, to follow the flushing with bridge drainage
cleaning, if applicable.
•• Minimize the amount of excess emulsified petroleum resin or emulsified asphalt
stored on the site.
•• Remove any excess emulsified petroleum resin or emulsified asphalt that may
have resulted after application.
•• Flush when freezing temperatures are likely or when precipitation is
predicted.
•• Flush shoulders near sensitive waters, watercourses, or areas of environmental
importance.
•• Transfer materials to applicator truck near sensitive waters, watercourses, or
areas of environmental importance.

Maintain
•• Barriers, when feasible and practicable, in site-specific locations along
watercourses or direct drainage to route flushed material away from surface
water.

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Inspect
•• Prior to activity for the existence and location of sensitive waters, watercourses,
or areas of environmental importance.
•• Application site locations to ensure that debris and litter are removed and
disposed of appropriately.
•• Sediment barriers as appropriate.
•• For presence of surface runoff
•• Minimize the amount of excess emulsified petroleum resin or emulsified asphalt
stored on the site.
•• Remove any excess emulsified petroleum resin or emulsified asphalt that may
have resulted after application.

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PROGRAM 140 - vegetation control
Activity 1400 – soil stabilization
Description
This activity is used to hold soils in place and to encourage vegetative growth within the median/
shoulder or right-of-way (R/W) areas.
Applications and Limitations
If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine whether
a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program
2, Activity 2.6). NRMG staff would coordinate with the Land Manager and/or Natural Resources
Planner to make this determination. If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a project specific
SWPPP (refer to Chapter 1). Excessive use of chemical stabilizers can create impervious surfaces
which water cannot penetrate thereby prohibiting vegetative growth.
Work Method B does not apply to topsoil salvage piles.
Do

Don’t

•• Install storm drain inlet protection,
as necessary, prior to commencing
activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets
by capping and covering with
waterproof material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter
fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc.,
to keep sediment out of the storm
drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the
activity is complete and until all
water has drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered
storm drain inlets when the activity is complete.
•• Control off-site runoff with berms or barriers.
•• Use only the amount of product necessary.
•• Follow manufacturer’s handling recommendations and instructions on the
MSDS.
•• Allow equipment in watercourses.
•• Overspray off-site, into watercourses, or other sensitive areas.

Maintain
•• All temporary and permanent erosion and sediment control measures as
needed to assure continued performance of their intended function.

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Inspect
•• Site perimeter and all barriers before and after application.

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PROGRAM 140 - vegetation control
Activities 1410, 1412 – Swath Mowing, Standard Swath
Description
This activity includes swath mowing to improve sight distances, control weeds, eliminate snow
drifts, and reduce fuels.
Applications and Limitations
Mowing is typically undertaken in a single swath (5–14 feet wide) along the roadway, with negligible
opportunity for discharge. Proper mowing promotes retention of water and sediment on-site.
Contact OES prior to mowing for information on areas of environmental importance, invasive
species locations and or/weed treatments.
Do

Don’t

•• Clean equipment prior to activity
at designated washing facilities to
reduce potential transport of invasive
plant species.
•• Inspect all equipment and remove all
attached plant/vegetation debris prior
to leaving the site.
•• Mow when vegetation is approximately
17 inches high or higher.
•• Develop a mowing route that reduces
ground surface grinding by turning
movements.
•• Mow when precipitation or heavy dew
is not anticipated.
•• Clearly mark, flag, or fence areas where vegetation should be preserved.
•• Leave buffer strip along banks of watercourses.
•• Document invasive species patches and develop a plan that will help prevent
spread.
•• Mow adjacent to watercourses without proper authorization.
•• Mow lower than approximately 6–8 inches in height.

Maintain
•• Equipment in good repair to avoid leaks and drips.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
Inspect
•• All mowing equipment for leaks, cracks, and worn and broken parts.

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PROGRAM 140 - vegetation control
Activities 1420, 1421, 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1440, 1441, 1492, 351, 353, 354 –
Chemical Vegetation Control
Description
This activity includes chemical application to control or inhibit vegetation around roadside features
to enhance highway safety and control vegetation, to maintain visibility of hazard markers and
reflectors, to prevent shoulder erosion, and fire fuel accumulations. Application may be from a
large chemical truck, landscape tractor or hydroseeder using swath or band spray methods and
may be on or off of the pavement.
Applications and Limitations
Herbicides are typically applied from a vehicle operating from or driving along the pavement.
Do

Don’t

•• Locate storm drain inlets and
watercourses prior to application so
that chemical vegetation control is not
applied within close proximity to these
areas.
•• Follow
the
ADOT
“Vegetation
Management Guidelines” (refer to
Appendix C).
•• Read and follow all chemical herbicide
labels.
•• Have work performed by Office of Pest
Management licensed applicators.
•• Follow all safety procedures when
working with chemicals, including the
use of personal protective equipment.
•• Meet all applicable regulations for material handling and storage within sitespecific SWPPPs for the facility where the materials are stored (refer to Program
6, Activity 6.2 for storage and handling).
•• Check for approved chemical lists for federal and tribal land. Herbicide use on
federal land is limited to those chemicals approved by land managing agency.
•• Refer to and follow Chapter 3, Program 6, Activity 6.2 and Program 7, Activity
7.7 for storage, handling, and disposal of pesticides and herbicides.
•• Minimize off-road vehicle travel.
•• Maintain a chemical spill kit, first aid kit, and MSDs in vehicles that apply
herbicides.
•• Apply chemical in a manner that is contrary to the label.
•• Improperly dispose of chemical containers.
•• Apply chemical vegetation control within close proximity to storm drains and
watercourses.
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•• Apply herbicides during high temperatures, frozen ground conditions, or under
windy conditions to avoid chemical drift.
•• Apply if the potential for heavy precipitation is predicted or prior to irrigation,
except for pre-emergent applications.
•• Apply non-aquatic labeled chemical herbicides to standing or flowing water.
Maintain
•• Equipment in good repair to avoid leaks and drips.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
•• Pesticide eForm Spray Log for all herbicides applied, including brand name,
formulation, EPA registration number, amount and date applied, exact location
of application, vehicle calibration, and name, address, and certification number
of applicator.
Inspect
•• All application equipment.

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PROGRAM 140 - vegetation control
activity 1450 – Tumbleweed removal/disposal

Description
Remove and dispose of tumbleweeds that have accumulated along fences, in cuts, in and around
drainage structures, etc.
Applications and Limitations
Control tumbleweeds first by mowing when green and growing (the preferred option; refer to
Chapter 2, Program 140, Activity 1410). Mechanical removal by loaders is used when vegetation
is too tall or dense. Physical removal by hand is the least desirable option. Coordinate with OES for
burning oversight (if deemed necessary), data collection, invasive species survey, and chemical
application post-removal.
Do

•• Install storm drain inlet protection,
as necessary, prior to commencing
activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets
by capping and covering with
waterproof material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter
fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc.,
to keep sediment out of the storm
drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the
activity is complete and until all
water has drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when the activity is
complete.
•• If tumbleweeds are controlled by mowing, develop a mowing route that reduces
ground surface grinding by turning movements.
•• Limit mowing activity to when ground surface is slightly damp and precipitation
is not expected.
•• Mow tumbleweeds when green and immature to reduce seed dispersal.
•• Clearly mark, flag, or fence areas where vegetation should be preserved.
•• Leave a buffer strip along watercourses.
•• If tumbleweeds are to be burned, obtain Burn Permit from ADEQ or other
applicable authority (refer to Chapter 2, Program 140, Activity 1480).
%% Identify burn area; isolate with firebreaks and place highway signage, as
needed. Have appropriate fire fighting equipment at the site (e.g., water
tenders, hand tools; refer to Chapter 2, Program 140, Activity 1482).
%% If burn area is located near a watercourse, control movement of any sediment
(from water used to control the burn) to watercourses by placing temporary
sediment controls (sediment logs, silt fences, etc.) between the burn area
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and watercourses.
%% Seed all disturbed or burned areas for soil stabilization, where applicable.
•• Follow all safety procedures for this activity, including the use of personal
protective equipment.
•• Dispose of all tumbleweeds as solid waste in a landfill, if hand-removing is
applicable.
Don’t

•• Burn any material until activity approval is obtained from ADEQ, ADOT, and
the land management contact for the area (i.e., county, Indian tribe, or USDA
Forest Service).
•• Burn outside conditions stipulated in the burn plan.
•• Dispose of tumbleweeds in or near watercourses.

Maintain
•• A regular tumbleweed removal schedule for identified infestation areas before
tumbleweeds go to seed.
Inspect
•• By conducting routine patrols to monitor where the removal of tumbleweeds
from fences and drainage structures is needed.

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PROGRAM 140 - vegetation control
Activities 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 315, 324, 363 – Tree/Brush Removal and
Maintenance
Description
Remove and dispose of brush to eliminate unwanted growth from guardrails, road shoulders,
and drainage structures, etc. This activity includes BMPs for control of trees/brush using tractormounted boom axe or skid steer mounted timber axe; hand-cut trees/brush; large tree removal,
chipping of stems, limbs, and slash; tree removal; shrubs/groundcover removal; and weed
control. These activities help maintain recovery zones and define fuel break areas and facility
operations.
Applications and Limitations
Trees and shrubs will be removed from the edge of the pavement and as close to the natural
ground/finished grade as practicable with minimal disturbance to the surrounding soil surface.
Unless otherwise specified, no excavation of the associated stumps and rootballs will be allowed.
If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine whether
a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program
2, Activity 2.6). NRMG staff would coordinate with the Land Manager and/or Natural Resources
Planner to make this determination. If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a SWPPP (refer
to Chapter 1).
Do

•• Protect
storm
drain
inlets,
watercourses, and sensitive waters
from vegetative debris.
•• Evaluate the need for the installation
of check dams to protect roadside
drainage facilities and exposed soils;
install as appropriate.
•• Follow
the
ADOT
“Vegetation
Management Guidelines” (refer to
Appendix D).
•• Follow all safety procedures for
mechanical
vegetation
control,
including the use of personal protective
equipment.
•• Operate equipment in a manner that minimizes soil disturbance.
•• Minimize impacts to existing vegetation by defining the work area prior to the
activity start date.
•• Establish buffer zones near watercourses.
•• Establish buffer zones near equipment access route.
•• Dampen dry exposed soil to reduce airborne particles if called out in the dust
control permit.
•• Remove and cut tree limb and shrub stumps as close to the trunk or existing
ground surface as possible.
•• Grind or chip removed material in place.
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Don’t

•• Spread chips evenly on flat terrain to a depth less than three inches.
•• Reseed skid trails and other disturbed areas as soon as practicable.
•• Properly dispose of waste materials; if material is to be burned, then obtain a
burn permit from ADEQ or other applicable authority.
•• Coordinate with land-managing agencies to work out disposal of trees and
shrubs.
•• Disturb vegetation on the bank of a watercourse.
•• Excavate the associated stumps and root balls unless otherwise required by
the project specifications, the Engineer, or both.
•• Allow cut vegetation or chips to go into any watercourse.
•• Remove vegetation if precipitation is predicted or soil is wet and unstable.

Maintain
•• Equipment in good repair to avoid leaks and drips.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
Inspect
•• Vegetation removal area prior to the activity start date.
•• Vegetation removal area for proper cleanup for any debris once the activity is
completed.

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PROGRAM 140 - vegetation control
activity 1464 - salvage native trees, shrubs, and cacti
Description
This activity is for salvaging native trees, shrubs, and cacti prior to maintenance or construction to
maintain natural resources and to protect species.
Applications and Limitations
This action allows for limited ground disturbance associated with excavating the plant pits, haul
routes and, if necessary, temporary storage sites for the removed plants. If working in Pima, Pinal,
and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine whether a dust control permit will
be required prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program 2, Activity 2.6). NRMG
staff would coordinate with the Land Manager and/or Natural Resources Planner to make this
determination. If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a project specific SWPPP (refer to
Chapter 1).
Do

•• Use equipment that minimizes soil disturbance.
•• Conduct activities when precipitation is not predicted.
•• Install storm drain inlet protection, as necessary, prior to
commencing activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets by capping and covering
with waterproof material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter fabric, gravel, or
stone filters, etc., to keep sediment out of the storm drain
system..
%% Leave covers in place until the activity is complete and
until all water has drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when
the activity is complete.
•• Follow the ADOT “Vegetation Management
Guidelines” (refer to Appendix C).
•• Disperse chips, trimmings, or small branches
on-site.
•• Deposit logs and other large wood materials
at an appropriate facility.
•• Adequately prepare seedbed and reseed
disturbed areas and temporary storage
location as soon as possible after completion
of activity.
•• Reduce runoff from temporary storage
location. Limit use of fertilizers and
herbicides.
•• Use a local recycling center for disposal of miscellaneous waste materials or
coordinate with land-managing agencies for waste vegetation disposal sites.
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Don’t

•• Track out sediment onto highways.
•• Leave large branch clusters to remain on the ground when activity is
completed.
•• Disturb vegetative buffers along stream banks.
•• Remove vegetation and spread mulch if precipitation is predicted.
•• Disturb vegetation on the bank of a watercourse if not required for salvage.
•• Allow cut vegetation to go into any watercourse.

Maintain
•• Stabilized soils at site until construction or maintenance activity commences.
•• Salvaged plants until returned to site.
Inspect
•• To ensure disturbed soil areas are revegetated and that eroded areas are
repaired.

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PROGRAM 140 - vegetation control
activities 1470, 1471 – Hydroseeding and Hydromulching
Description
Apply grass seed and mulch with a Hydroseeder on eroded or disturbed sites to stabilize the sites
and prevent erosion.
Applications and Limitations
Coordinate with OES and Roadside Development for seeding and mulching requirements prior
to application.
Do

Don’t

•• Reference the ADOT Erosion and Pollution
Control Manual for Highway Design and
Construction BMPs.
•• Install check dams, berms, and other
erosion control features prior to application
to keep material on-site.
•• Install storm drain inlet protection,
as necessary, prior to commencing
hydroseeding/hydromulching activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets by
capping and covering with waterproof
material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter
fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc., to keep sediment out of the storm drain
system.
%% Leave covers in place until the activity is complete and until all water has
drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when the activity is
complete.
•• Follow the ADOT “Vegetation Management Guidelines” (refer to Appendix C).
•• Check project specifications for native seed mix and soil preparation
requirements (refer to Chapter 2, Program 140, Activity 1472).
•• Plant seed that utilizes slow-release fertilizers to reduce the off-site loss of
nutrients and the need for follow-up fertilization.
•• Manage waste properly and manage containers to prevent spills.
•• Keep hydroseed mix in proper containers so no spills occur.
•• Collect all spills and reuse the material.
••
••
••
••

Disturb vegetation on the bank of a watercourse.
Allow hydroseed into any standing or flowing watercourse.
Apply when precipitation is predicted to allow the tacifer to set up..
Mix more material than needed.

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Maintain
•• All temporary sediment and erosion control until final stabilization.
Inspect
•• That no spills have occurred during application.
•• Check dams and downstream to ensure that material has not migrated offsite.
•• Periodically effectiveness and if reseeding is neccessary.

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PROGRAM 140 - vegetation control
Activities 1472, 1473, 1475, 1476, 314, 323 – Tilling, Seeding, and Planting
Description
Till soil to prepare it for seeding. This allows soil to hold moisture for best growing condition.
Applications and Limitations
This activity includes BMPs for tilling, seed drilling, broadcast seeding, planting trees, shrubs and
cacti, replacing trees, and replacing shrubs/groundcover. If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa
counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine whether a dust control permit will be required
prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program 2, Activity 2.6). NRMG staff would
coordinate with the Land Manager and/or Natural Resources Planner to make this determination.
If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a project specific SWPPP (refer to Chapter 1).
Do

•• Add a check dam as needed to make
sure roadside drainage is free from
loose soil.
•• Install storm drain inlet protection,
as necessary, prior to commencing
activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets
by capping and covering with
waterproof material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter
fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc.,
to keep sediment out of the storm
drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the
activity is complete and until all
water has drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered
storm drain inlets when the activity
is complete.
•• Stay within the disturbed area and
minimize creation of access roads to
reduce ground disturbance.
•• Till with the contour of the land to
prevent
uncontrolled
downslope
erosion.
•• Leave tilled area roughened if
necessary.
•• Keep mulch mix in proper containers to prevent spills.
•• Collect spilled mulch material and reuse if possible.
•• Seed as soon as possible after tilling using site-specific native seed
specifications.
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•• Plant seeds that utilize slow-release fertilizers to reduce the off-site loss of
nutrients and the need for follow-up fertilization.
Don’t

••
••
••
••

Disturb vegetation on the bank of a watercourse.
Allow soil or vegetation to go into any watercourse.
Remove vegetation and spread mulch if precipitation is predicted.
Till on ground with a slope steeper than a 3:1 ratio (horizontal to vertical).

Maintain
•• Stabilized soils at site.
Inspect
•• That no spills have occurred during any application.
•• Check dams and downstream to ensure that material has not migrated offsite.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 140 - vegetation control
Activities 1480, 1481, 1482, 1490 – Fire Breaks and Prescribed Burning
Description
Burn R/W and brush piles to remove fuel accumulation. Establish and maintain fire breaks. Cut
fire breaks and pre-treat with fire retardants in high-risk wildfire areas prior to ignition of prescribed
fires. Fire breaks are burned in advance of general fire sequencing to limit the prescribed fire from
escaping burn plan boundaries.
Applications and Limitations
This activity requires a Burn Plan and permit from ADEQ. Consult with OES when planning a
burn. If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine
whether a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter
3, Program 2, Activity 2.6). NRMG staff would coordinate with the Land Manager and/or Natural
Resources Planner to make this determination. If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a
SWPPP (refer to Chapter 1).
Do

•• Coordinate
with
OES,
local
government (e.g., local fire authority
or fire marshal), and appropriate landmanaging agency (e.g., BLM, ASLD,
Indian tribe, or USDA Forest Service).
•• Follow all ADOT safety procedures
for prescribed burning, including
placing highway signage as needed,
designating a safety zone, and using
personal protective equipment.
•• Have
appropriate
fire
fighting
equipment at the site (e.g., water
tenders, hand tools).
•• Determine if water used for firefighting
or precipitation surface runoff from the site may enter a watercourse or storm
drain. Install temporary perimeter controls such as sediment logs, wattles, or
silt fence, if necessary.
•• Install necessary storm drain inlet protection prior to commencing burning
activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets by capping and covering with waterproof
material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc., to
keep sediment outof the storm drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the activity is complete and until all water has
drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when the activity is
complete.
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•• Establish buffer zones near watercourses, if possible, by mowing rather than
burning.
•• Install water bars to prevent erosion following burning of fire breaks.
•• Seed and stabilize burn area as necessary.
Don’t

••
••
••
••
••

Improperly dispose of chemical containers.
Disturb vegetation on the bank of a watercourse.
Allow soil or vegetation to go into any watercourse.
Burn outside the conditions stipulated in the burn plan.
Burn during a “burn ban.”

Maintain
•• Stabilized soils at burn site.
Inspect
•• To ensure that all fire break maintenance work is completed before the start of
fire season.
•• Post-burn area to identify and repair areas prone to erosion.

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PROGRAM 150 - roadside
activities 1501, 1502, 1507, 1590 – Full Width Litter Pickup and
Mechanical Sweeping
Description
Pick up and dispose of all litter within the R/W, including unwanted trash and objects that could
cause damage to roadside mowing equipment.
Applications and Limitations
This activity includes BMPs for full-width litter pickup, mechanical sweeping, spot litter and debris
pickup, and other roadside maintenance.
Do

Don’t

•• Use personal protective equipment as
necessary.
•• Check to see whether litter holds
hazardous or biohazardous material.
•• Talk to your supervisor if you cannot
identify the litter or garbage.
•• Separate garbage as supervisor
instructs and place in plastic bags.
•• Be careful with bags to prevent injuries
or spills.
•• Clean up leaks from bags or trash
when spills occur.
•• Keep trash bags covered or tied down
when it is being transported. Tarp all
loads.
•• Report injured animals to OES.
•• Adjust power brooms frequently for maximum efficiency.
•• Take trash to a permitted landfill.
•• Rinse sediment from equipment in designated washing areas only.
•• Stow gutter brooms before deadheading the sweeper, but keep the pickup
broom down for approximately 150 feet. Lift the pickup broom and, to the
maximum extent possible, clear the sweeper’s brooms and elevators before
merging onto the public roadway or highway.
•• Transport sweeper waste back to the maintenance facility or temporary predesignated location to be reused, recycled, or disposed of properly.
•• Refer to and follow Chapter 3 Facilities BMPs, Program 7, Activity 7.2 for
highway debris management.
••
••
••
••

Dispose of gas, propane, or any other chemical containers in landfills.
Allow trash or litter to go into any watercourse.
Load garbage hoppers beyond their capacity.
Discharge fluids from sweeping operation into stormwater drainage system or
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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watercourses.
•• Sweep any potentially hazardous unknown substances.
•• Overload trucks or sweepers.
Maintain
•• Records of any Adopt a Highway trash removal activities.
Inspect
•• R/W for roadway debris.

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PROGRAM 150 - roadside
Activities 1505, 1506 – Fence and Guardrail Maintenance
Description
Maintaining, repairing, or replacing fencing, guardrails and cattle guards.
Applications and Limitations
Access roads may be required for this activity in remote areas. If working in Pima, Pinal, and
Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine whether a dust control permit will
be required prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program 2, Activity 2.6). NRMG
staff would coordinate with the Land Manager and/or Natural Resources Planner to make this
determination. If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a project specific SWPPP (refer to
Chapter 1).
Do

Don’t

•• Minimize ground disturbance as
much as possible by using existing
access roads and planning equipment
access.
•• Preserve existing vegetation as much
as possible.
•• Select and use equipment that will
cause the least amount of ground
disturbance.
•• Implement Chapter 4, Program 8,
Activities 8.0 and 8.1.
•• Review and implement the ADOT
“Vegetation Management Guidelines”
(refer to Appendix C).
•• Evaluate need for installation of
perimeter erosion and sediment
controls (e.g., silt fences, berms).
•• Implement Chapter 3, Program 6,
Activity 6.10 if concrete is used.
•• Stabilize exposed soils as appropriate
when work is completed (seeding or
granite mulching).
•• Properly dispose of waste materials
(refer to Chapter 3, Program 7, Activity
7.1).
•• Dispose of concrete waste improperly.
•• Track out sediment or other materials into roadways.

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Maintain
•• Equipment in good repair to avoid leaks and drips.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
•• A clean and orderly work area.
Inspect
•• For spills and waste materials following completion of work.

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PROGRAM 160 - drainage
Activities 1601, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1608, 1690 – Drainage Inspection and
Maintenance
Description
Remove debris from pipe, box, and bridge culverts. Clean inlet and outlet drainage ditches within
the R/W and drainage easements, including those for roadway dips. Clean catch basins, drop
inlets, and down drains.
Applications and Limitations
This activity identifies BMPs for routine drainage, maintenance, and inspection. New construction
may require an environmental clearance. Section 404 and 401 certifications may be required for
this activity. Coordinate with the DEC to determine applicability and OES to determine whether
the activity will affect areas of environmental impor­tance.
Do

•• Conduct this activity when precipitation
is not anticipated.
•• Clearly mark the limits of disturbance
and minimize removal of native
riparian vegetation.
•• Report illicit discharges, such as solid
waste, paint spills, unknown liquids,
and oil containers to DEC and OES.
•• Report the location of unapproved
connections to the drainage system to
DEC and OES.
•• Maintain a spill kit on or near
equipment used to conduct drainage
maintenance.
•• Keep collected trash in appropriate containers or temporary storage sites so no
leaks will enter storm drains or watercourses.
•• Vacuum or drain water from the collected waste material into an approved tank
so no discharge enters a storm drain or watercourse.
•• Use equipment that can operate from the bank. No mechanical equipment is
allowed within watercourses unless covered under applicable permits (e.g.,
NWP, CGP).
•• Install silt fence, erosion control berms, check dams, or other temporary erosion
control measures as needed.
•• Limit clearing activities to 500 feet upstream and downstream of the structure.
•• Add a check dam as needed to make sure roadside drainage is free from cut
brush and loose soil.
•• Place excavated soil material as described in Chapter 2, Program 130, Activity
131 and Chapter 2, Program 800, Activity 892.
•• Seed and mulch any disturbed ground except the watercourse itself (refer to
Chapter 2, Program 140, Activity 1475).
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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Don’t

•• Allow trash, waste, or litter to go into any watercourse.
•• Improperly dispose of discarded chemical containers.

Maintain
•• Appropriate records documenting frequency of maintenance/cleaning activities
and identified problem areas that may need to be checked more often.
Inspect
•• Drainage facilities annually during the dry season to identify any problem inlets
where sediment/trash or other pollutants have accumulated or if head-cutting
of the watercourse has occurred.

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PROGRAM 160 - drainage
Activities 1610, 1611 – Roadway Pump Preventive Maintenance
Inspection and Repair
Description
Regular inspection, preventive maintenance, troubleshooting and repair activities for roadway
pump facilities used to dewater tunnels, control groundwater on depressed roadways, or transport
water into the ADOT MS4.
Applications and Limitations
This activity may involve use of chemicals, oils, and greases that may pollute stormwater. Read
Program 6, Activity 6.1 prior to starting this activity.
Do

Don’t

•• Check the area for evidence of any
illicit discharges or connections
into the storm drain system. Report
discharges or illicit connections to
DEC and OES.
•• Maintain a spill kit in close proximity to
the pumping facility.
•• Maintain absorbents or containments
around chemicals, oils, and greases
stored in the area or used during
repair activities.
•• Keep collected trash in appropriate
containers or temporary storage sites
away from storm drains or watercourse.
•• Sweep paved areas and remove excess material after completing repair
work.
•• Refer to Chapter 3, Program 3, Activity 3.0, for BMPs applicable to pump
station fuel tanks.
•• Refer to Chapter 3, Program 7 BMPs for the proper disposal of chemicals and
solid wastes.
•• Allow trash, litter, or any repair materials to go into any storm drain or
watercourse.
•• Improperly dispose of discarded chemical containers.

Maintain
•• Records on frequency of maintenance service.

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Inspect
•• The structural quality of pipes, valves, controls, joints, pumps, welds, roofs,
pavement, coatings, or any other source of possible leaks and spills that could
contaminate stormwater runoff.
•• Secondary containments (refer to Appendix A).

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 170 - snow and ice removal
Activities 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 179 – Plow Snow and/or Apply
Abrasives/Deicer
Description
Plow snow and apply deicer products to paved surfaces and bridges, as needed. Spot apply
abrasives, treated abrasives, and deicing or anti-icing agents to areas where ice exists or where
ice conditions could develop. This activity identifies BMPs for plowing roadways, using salt or other
products for deicing/anti-icing, applying abrasives or mixing deicers with abrasives to improve
traction. It also includes cleanup of abrasives and equipment following storms and installation of
snow fencing or barriers to eliminate drifting.
Applications and Limitations
Prior to application, read ADOT Winter Storm Management Operations Manual.
Do

•• Identify and protect areas of
environmental importance prior to
winter season.
•• Place salt or deicer at the top of the
slope on a sloped road (gravity will
spread it across the width of the
road).
•• For best distribution, place salt or
deicer in the middle of the road on
two-lane roads (traffic and gravity will
spread it to the curbs).
•• Ensure that abrasives and other
materials that may be mixed with
snow when plowed do not interfere
with drainage structures or watercourses.
•• Use abrasive products without salts or deicers in areas where soils are highly
permeable.
•• Remove any accumulated abrasives from culverts and roadside ditches.
•• Monitor wind conditions and keep product on the road by adjusting application
speed during application of deicing product.
•• Store and mix salt and deicers on an impervious surface to prevent contamination
into ground, stormwater contact, and surface runoff (refer to and follow Chapter
3, Program 6, Activity 6.3 for applicable storing and mixing BMPs).
•• Wash equipment only at designated wash sites.
•• Use snow fencing to protect areas of environmental importance where snow
drifts can be 5 – 10 feet thick.
•• Put snow fence a distance of 15–20 times the fence height away from the area
to be protected.
•• Put snow fencing next to disturbed areas, perpendicular to prevailing wind, and
upwind of the disturbed area.
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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Don’t

•• Use excessive amounts of salt or other deicing products within ¼ mile of
sensitive waters.
•• Store salt or other deicer products within ¼ mile of areas of environmental
importance.
•• Use large amounts of sodium ion on fine-textured soil.
•• Use large amounts of chloride ion in highly permeable soil.
•• Use salt as a substitute for plowing.
•• Improperly dispose of discarded chemical containers.
•• Service equipment in close proximity to storm drain inlets, watercourses, or
sensitive waters.

Maintain
•• Equipment in good working order to avoid leaks.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
•• Snow fencing as necessary.
Inspect
•• Sensitive waters within ¼ mile of plowing and application areas for deicing and
anti-icing agents.
•• Watercourses for accumulated abrasives.
•• Equipment prior to operation.
•• Snow barriers throughout winter for damage or broken parts.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 2-40

PROGRAM 200 - rest area
Activities 209, 220, 259 – Rest area maintenance utility work
Description
Apply to all rest area–related work and maintenance completed by a contractor or state
personnel.
Applications and Limitations
This activity involves regular cleaning and maintenance, including plumbing, electrical, janitorial,
and utilities. If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a project specific SWPPP (refer to
Chapter 1).
Do

Don’t

•• Implement Chapter 3, Program 2,
Activities 2.0–2.4, if applicable.
•• Implement Chapter 3, Program 6,
Activity 6.10 for concrete work.
•• Implement Chapter 3, Program 5,
Activities 5.0–5.2 and Chapter 2,
Program 300, Activities 332 and 333
for well development and irrigation
system maintenance.
•• Implement Chapter 3, Program
7, Activities 7.0 and 7.6 for solid
waste disposal and containment
dewatering.
•• Implement Chapter 4, Program 8
BMPs as needed.
•• Implement Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs as needed.
•• Report immediately any spilled chemicals or large amounts of vehicle fluids
that enter the storm drains to the supervisor and the DEC.
•• Remove sediment and debris from storm drain inlets.
•• Obtain storm drain markers and properly sign all storm drain inlets and dry well
grates in the vicinity, indicating that no dumping is allowed.
•• Use drip pans for equipment and vehicle leaks, where needed, and spill troughs
for any chemicals stored on-site for drums with drain taps.
•• Allow potential pollutants into stormwater drains.
•• Hose down parking areas.
•• Place stockpiles near storm drain inlets, watercourses, or sensitive waters.

Maintain
•• Paint and retouch as needed.
•• Wells, pumps, heating systems, and other special facilities and repair as soon
as a breakdown happens.
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 2-41

•• Hazardous materials in a locked, protected, and secure location away from
storm drains.
•• Reactive chemicals in areas and conditions that comply with local area fire
codes.
•• Identification of hazardous materials and label uses on each container.
•• Records of hazardous materials on-site that identify quantity, received date,
expiration dates, and means of disposal.
Inspect
••
••
••
••

All storage tanks for leaks and weak areas, and replace as needed.
All storm drain inlets for trash, waste, and sediment.
For evidence of spills, especially near storm drains.
Facility grounds for eroded areas that may require landscape repair.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 300 - landscape
Activities 332, 333 – irrigation system maintenance and inspections
Description
Assure proper operation of all irrigation systems, including inspection of emitters, sprinkler heads,
distribution tubing, and radio-controlled irrigation components, and test backflow prevention
systems annually.
Applications and Limitations
Ensure sprinkler system operation does not contribute to soil erosion.
Do

Don’t

•• Implement Chapter 3, Program 5,
Activities 5.1–5.2 for well development
and irrigation system maintenance.
•• Check for leaks and fix them
immediately by looking for areas of
grass or groundcover that is darker
(wetter) than other areas or areas that
have been eroded.
•• Check the complete irrigation system
after startup in the spring to be sure of
proper operation.
•• Check complete irrigation system and
adjust within 24 hours of mowing.
•• Check to make sure backflow prevention device is working properly.
•• Check that all valves do not slam open and slam shut to prevent damage.
•• Check to make sure sprinkler heads are adjusted to arc, radius, level, and
altitude according to the slope.
•• Check to make sure dirt and rocks are not lodged in the sprinkler heads or drip
emitters.
•• Minimize runoff during irrigation and maintenance activities.
•• Leave water in irrigation systems during winter months.
•• Be wasteful with water.

Maintain
•• Performance audit annually to ensure the system is working properly.
•• Irrigation systems by updating to the newest water-saving technology (e.g.,
self-shutoff systems and drip irrigation systems) to minimize water loss.
Inspect
•• Water flow so it remains only on the area to be watered and does not run onto
sidewalks, driveways, streets, etc.
•• Irrigation system timers to match the needs of each season.
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•• Irrigation system as plants mature and relocate to maintain uniform growing
patterns.
•• For system leaks.
•• Site perimeter for sediment runoff and erosion.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 300 - landscape
Activity 341 – granite erosion control
Description
Repair damage to landscaped granite mulch slopes caused by storms, broken water pipes, and
traffic.
Applications and Limitations
Only minimal soil disturbance is allowed with this practice. If 5 or more acres will be disturbed,
prepare a SWPPP (refer to Chapter 1). If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties coordinate
with the DEC to determine whether a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing
activities refer to Chapter 3, Program 2, Activity 2.6.
Do

Don’t

•• Investigate to determine the source/cause for
the erosion.
•• Correct the source/cause to prevent future
erosion occurrences prior to repair, if feasible.
•• Install storm drain inlet protection, as
necessary, prior to commencing activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets by capping
and covering with waterproof material or
mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter fabric,
gravel, or stone filters, etc., to keep sediment
out of the storm drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the activity is complete and until all water has
drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when the activity is
complete.
•• Rake granite away from eroded area to provide adequate work area and to
reduce potential granite contamination from exposed soil/embedded seed
sources.
•• Trim edges of gullies or rills to provide a neat line to match repairs.
•• Fill and compact gullies or rills with salvaged soil or acceptable backfill. Compact
to at least 90 percent density.
•• Install temporary BMPs at the end of each day if work extends beyond a single
day or if precipitation is anticipated before the activity is to be completed.
•• Apply and water-settle crushed granite.
•• Install pre-emergent per the manufacturer’s recommendations.
•• Ensure depth of repair is consistent with the as-built plans (usually 2 inches
deep).
•• Use filter cloth on slopes steeper than 1:4 (horizontal to vertical).
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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Maintain
•• Repaired areas. Make additional repairs, as needed, based on site
inspections.
Inspect
•• To ensure granite mulch repair is stable and in proper operating condition.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 300 - landscape
Activity 343 – non-granite erosion control
Description
Repair damage to native soil slopes caused by storms, broken water pipes, and traffic.
Applications and Limitations
Only minimal soil disturbance is allowed with this practice. If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa
counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine whether a dust control permit will be required prior
to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program 2, Activity 2.6). If 5 or more acres will be
disturbed, prepare a project specific SWPPP (refer to Chapter 1).
Do

Don’t

•• Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for application of erosion control material.
•• Slope or crown ground to prevent ponding of water.
•• Apply straw mulch in an even layer using a studded roller or a stabilizing
emulsion.
•• Use straw blowers within 150 feet of the road surface or area able to support
the truck.
•• Use only wheat, rice, or barley straw that is certified as weed-free.
•• Use trackifier as the preferred method of anchoring straw.
•• Apply loose straw at a minimum rate of 4,000 pounds/acre or as directed by the
project’s special directions.
•• Roughen the soil with a crimping- or punching-type roller when using stabilizing
emulsion.
•• Use a shovel or spade to incorporate straw on small slopes.
•• Apply straw with a knife blade roller or a “crimper” on slopes with stable soil.
•• Hold down straw with netting or jute that is held down by 11 gauge staples,
geotextile pins, or wooden stakes on small areas or steep slopes.
•• Allow treated area to cure to manufacturer’s recommendations or for at least
24 hours.
•• Apply solution under pressure and overlap by at least 6 to 12 inches.
•• Pre-wet ground for emulsions at 0.03 to 0.3 gallon of water per square yard or
per the manufacturer’s recommendations.
•• Apply in an even layer not more than 2 inches thick when using green material
mulch.
•• Place straw, mulch, or emulsion on the roadway, sidewalks, drainage canals,
sound walls, and existing vegetation.
•• Apply straw mulch during or just before precipitation.
•• Apply the straw unevenly.
•• Apply soil binders to frozen soils.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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Maintain
•• Coverage until permanent vegetative cover has been established.
Inspect
•• Following completion of work to ensure no additional erosion has occurred.
•• After storm to determine if re-roughening is needed.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 400 - traffic control
Activity 456 – Wash Interstate Signs
Description
Wash permanent and temporary regulatory, warning, route markers, and mainline guide signs on
a periodic basis to remove oxidation, road film, and other foreign material from sign faces.
Applications and Limitations
For cleaning signs over impervious surfaces without a risk of discharge to a watercourse, ensure
minimum concentrations of cleaning solution and low volume of water.
Do

Don’t

•• Use dry methods for surface precleaning, such as using absorbents
on signs prior to wet washing.
•• Use biodegradable, phosphate-free,
water-based cleaners.
•• Use a minimal amount of soap and
water.
•• Spot clean rather than power wash or
power wash without soap.
•• Minimize water use by using highpressure, low-volume nozzles.
•• Keep wash water contained by
creating a containment area with
berms or tarps.
•• Remove all wash water in the contained area.
•• Dispose of wash water into the street, storm drains, landscape drains, or
watercourses.
•• Allow pressure washing wastewater containing visible debris or residue, soap,
detergent, or other cleaning agents, hazardous waste, or excessive amounts
of any pollutant to be left on paved surfaces to evaporate because the residue
will eventually be discharged to the storm drain.

Maintain
•• All equipment and tools used for this activity.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
Inspect
•• Following the activity to ensure complete cleanup of the area.

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PROGRAM 500 - sign factory
Activities 503, 509
Description
The work activities in this program are conducted at the ADOT Sign Factory located at 2104 S.
22nd Ave. Phoenix, Arizona
Applications and Limitations
Follow the BMPs listed in the current SWPPP for the ADOT Sign Factory. A copy of this document
is available at the address listed above.
Do

Don’t

•• Train employees on proper filling and transfer procedures.
•• Handle solvents in designated areas away from drains, ditches, and surface
waters.
•• Use temporary containment, such as portable drip pans, where required.
•• Use spill troughs for drums with taps.
•• Secure and carefully monitor hazardous materials to prevent theft, vandalism,
and misuse of materials.
•• Use secondary containment as described in Program 6, Activity 6.1.
•• Minimize the storage of unfinished/finished products outside of building.
•• Store containerized materials (fuel, paints, inks, solvents, etc.) in locations
near drains.
•• Expose containerized materials, or finished/unfinished products to stormwater
in unprotected, unsecured locations or near drains.

Maintain
•• Good integrity of all storage tanks.
•• Records of solvent and paint use per applicable rules and regulations.
Inspect
•• Piping systems (pipes, pumps, flanges, couplings, hoses, and valves) for
failures or leaks.
•• Storage tanks to detect potential leaks and perform preventive maintenance.

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PROGRAM 510 – TRAFFIC SIGNALS
Activity 5117 – Paint Traffic Signals/Highway Lighting Poles
Description
Paint to protect non-galvanized surfaces from the effects of corrosion and to restore proper
appearance.
Applications and Limitations
This activity is to be performed at on-site locations.
Do

Don’t

•• Perform painting with a tarp laid out to catch
any debris or overspray.
•• Sweep fly material and dust.
•• Clean up solvent spills that reach unprotected
pavements and landscape areas as
recommended by the manufacturer.
•• Reuse thinners and solvents as much as
possible.
•• Dispose of unusable thinners and residue as
hazardous waste.
•• Capture and containerize clean up residue/
materials from painting operations.
•• Refer to Chapter 3, Program 7 BMPs for waste management.
•• Store paint according to Program 6, Activity 6.1.
•• Clean brushes or rinse paint containers into a street gutter, storm drain, or
water body or any conveyance structure where the flow could reach these
types of watercourses.
•• Hose sidewalks or pavements.

Maintain
•• Equipment, including sprayers, sprayer supply lines, and paint containers, and
collect and dispose of wash water and excess paint.
Inspect
•• All equipment to ensure that it is in good operational condition prior to using.
•• The work area upon completion of the activity to ensure proper cleanup of all
materials.

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PROGRAM 510 – TRAFFIC SIGNALS
Activity 5255 – Repair Roadway and Sign Lighting
Description
Restore malfunctioning systems, luminaries, or fixtures to designed optimum efficiency. Repair
damage or replace knocked-down features and accessories to designed efficiency. Realign, wash
as required, repair, or replace parts of damaged roadway and sign lighting features or systems.
Applications and Limitations
This activity is to be performed at on-site locations.
Do

Don’t

•• Perform maintenance in accordance
with manufacturer’s guidelines.
•• Clean and inspect the interior and
exterior of sign, remove all graffiti.
•• Implement Chapter 3, Program 1,
Activity 1.4 for graffiti removal.
•• Implement Chapter 2, Program 400,
Activity 456 for sign washing.
•• Contain broken electrical and lighting
fixtures.
•• Allow unauthorized or uncertified personnel to conduct the applications for this
activity.

Maintain
•• Vactor trucks, street sweepers, and related equipment to avoid leaks and
drips.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
Inspect
•• All equipment to ensure that it is in good operational condition prior to use.

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PROGRAM 540 – Tunnel maintenance
Activities 5171, 5401, 5404
Description
Wash and clean fixtures to provide maximum light distribution, routine maintenance, and correct
outages to restore system to normal condition.
Applications and Limitations
Tunnel wash water is not dischargeable and must be contained.
Do

Don’t

•• Install storm drain inlet protection, as necessary, prior to commencing cleaning
activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets by capping and covering with waterproof
material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc., to
keep sediment out of the storm drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the activity is complete and until all water has
drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when the activity is
complete.
•• Use Vactor trucks during cleaning activities to remove wash-down water before
it can enter the storm drains within the tunnel.
•• Perform street sweeping within the tunnel to remove sediments that remain
after discharge water has evaporated.
•• Remove sediments from storm drain catch basins within the tunnel.
•• Monitor the wash-down water from tunnel cleaning activities to determine
whether BMPs are appropriate or whether changes are required.
•• Allow unauthorized or uncertified personnel to conduct the applications for this
activity.
•• Allow any discharge of wash water into storm drains.

Maintain
•• Vactor trucks, street sweepers, and related equipment to avoid leaks and
drips.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
Inspect
•• All equipment to ensure that it is in good operational condition prior to use.

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PROGRAM 600 – OVERHEAD
Activity 611 – Material Handling
Description
Haul and handle supplies and materials.
Applications and Limitations
This application should be followed by all individuals handling these materials.
Do

Don’t

•• Refer to the MSDS and the manufacturer’s recommendations.
•• Read the label for safety instructions prior to handling unfamiliar and hazardous
materials or chemicals.
•• Contain all liquids in secondary containment when transporting.
•• Know where spill response equipment is located at the facilities.
•• Implement Chapter 3, Program 6 BMPs.
•• Implement Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs, if needed.
•• Allow unauthorized or untrained personnel to handle materials and supplies.

Maintain
•• The MSDS and manufacturer’s recommendations.
Inspect
•• All equipment to ensure that it is in good operational condition prior to use.
•• For spills and broken containers.

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PROGRAM 600 – OVERHEAD
Activity 612 – Work for Equipment Services
Description
Mechanical work performed on assigned equipment by maintenance personnel.
Applications and Limitations
This activity should be followed by any individual performing mechanical work at any level.
Do

•• Reference the ADOT Equipment Services BMP Manual.
•• Clearly label all materials and keep an inventory as
required.
•• Provide secondary containment for all materials subject
to leaks and spills.
•• Use drip pans or absorbent as necessary.

Maintain
•• Dry and clean floors and surfaces by using brooms,
shovels, vacuums, or cleaning machines as necessary.
•• Orderly storage of materials.

EQUIPMENT
SERVICES

BEST
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
MANUAL
November 2006

Environmental Fuel Systems and Scales Management
Arizona Department of Transportation

Inspect
•• All equipment to ensure that it is in good operational
condition prior to use.
•• Area after completion of work to ensure no spills and materials are removed.

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pROGRAMS 700 – NON-ROUTINE MAINTENANCE
Activities 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750 – Non-routine Maintenance
Description
This maintenance work, which is not classified in the routine work program, is planned and
reported in this activity. This work includes the following:
•• Work of a size or scope that exceeds standard maintenance activities but is too
small to contract; not to exceed $50,000 per project.
•• Projects that would improve roadway safety and appearance, reduce
maintenance, eliminate maintenance trouble spots, expand or extend existing
features, and the installation of new features.
Applications and Limitations
If 1 acre or more for new construction or 5 acres or more for routine maintenance will be disturbed,
prepare a SWPPP (refer to Chapter 1).
Do

Don’t

•• Coordinate with the DEC to determine whether any environmental clearances,
mitigation measures, or a dust control permit are needed.
•• Install storm drain inlet protection, as necessary, prior to commencing
activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets by capping and covering with waterproof
material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc., to
keep sediment out of the storm drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the activity is complete and until all water has
drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when the activity is
complete.
•• Select BMPs from the ADOT Erosion and Pollution Control Manual for Highway
Design and Construction as applicable to each activity.
•• If the activity will take place at an ADOT facility, select the appropriate BMPs from
Chapter 3 in this manual and the related site-specific SWPPP, if applicable.
•• If the activity will generate wastes, implement Chapter 3, Program 7 BMPs.
•• Begin projects before estimating the disturbed acreage or coordinating with
the DEC.
•• Perform work that is not planned (refer to Chapter 4, Program 8, Activity 8.0).

Maintain
•• BMPs for the duration of the activity.
•• All equipment to ensure good operational condition prior to use.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.

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Inspect
•• Project site for erosion, sedimentation, or damage to BMPs after project
completion.

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prOGRAM 800 – MATERIAL HANDLING
Activity 891 – Make Pre-mix (Asphalt) Material
Description
Windrow mineral aggregate, apply asphalt and mix.
Applications and Limitations
This activity does not allow for the disturbance of soil; it applies only to the moving and storage of
stockpiled materials. If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC
to determine whether a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to
Chapter 3, Program 2, Activity 2.6). If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a project specific
SWPPP (refer to Chapter 1).
Do

Don’t

•• Follow the site-specific SWPPP/EPCP and/or BMPs for the facility where the
activity is occurring.
•• Consider lining underneath cold mix stockpiles or placing on an impervious
surface.
•• Locate pads and stockpiles away from storm drain inlets, watercourses, or
sensitive waters.
•• Divert stormwater run-on away from the site.
•• Construct compacted earthen berms or place concrete barriers or other
sediment controls around the mixing pad and stockpiles to prevent stormwater
runoff from migrating off-site.
•• Minimize track-out during material loading.
•• Sweep areas prone to track-out.
•• Allow any stored or stockpiled materials to enter stormwater drains.
•• Construct berms using the unconsolidated stockpiled material such as
uncompacted cinders or gravels.

Maintain
•• Stormwater BMPs already in place.
•• All equipment to ensure good operational condition prior to use.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
Inspect
•• All perimeter controls and pads.

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PROGRAM 800 – MATERIAL HANDLING
Activity 892 – Stockpile Material
Description
Haul and stockpile AC mix, aggregate, chips, sand, salvaged AC pavement or cinders from a
commercial source, crusher location, mixing table, and/or borrow from any undesignated source
to a stockpile site. If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to
determine whether a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to
Chapter 3, Program 2, Activity 2.6). If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a project specific
SWPPP (refer to Chapter 1).
Applications and Limitations
Apply these BMPs to manage stockpiles.
Do

Don’t

•• Consolidate stockpiles as much as
possible in one location.
•• Protect all temporary stockpiles with a
temporary perimeter sediment barrier,
such as compacted earthen berms,
dikes, silt fences, wattles, gravel/rock
bags or concrete barriers.
•• Conduct a BMP inspection if
precipitation
is
predicted,
and
make repairs, replacements, and
modifications as needed to reduce
potential for stockpile runoff.
•• Evaluate and assess potential wind
erosion-protection practices based on
site wind conditions and regulatory requirements.
•• Plan for relocation of stockpiles when they are located within ¼ mile of sensitive
waters.
•• Locate new stockpiles near concentrated flows of stormwater, storm drain
inlets, watercourses, or sensitive waters.
•• Construct berms from unconsolidated stockpiled material.
•• Locate stockpiles within ¼ mile of sensitive waters.

Maintain
•• Perimeter barriers at all stockpile sites.
•• All equipment to ensure good operational condition prior to use.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.

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Inspect
•• Perimeter stormwater controls.
•• For track out.

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PROGRAM 800 – MATERIAL HANDLING
Activity 897 – Truck Screen
Description
Screen material for use on a roadway using a bed-mounted A-frame screen on the bed of a dump
truck.
Applications and Limitations
Follow the applicable site-specific SWPPP/EPCP and/or BMPs for the facility where the activity is
occurring. If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine
whether a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3,
Program 2, Activity 2.6). If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a project specific SWPPP
(refer to Chapter 1).
Do

Don’t

•• Locate the screening activity away from storm drain inlets, watercourses, or
sensitive waters.
•• Control spillage and track-out.
•• Sweep up loose material, if appropriate.
•• Follow BMPs for Activity 892.
•• Follow BMPs for Activity 892.
•• Undertake this activity during windy conditions.

Maintain
•• Berms and containments around stockpiles (refer to Chapter 2, Program 800,
Activity 892).
•• All equipment to ensure good operational condition prior to use.
•• Equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
Inspect
•• The site following the activity for spilled materials.

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PROGRAM 800 – MATERIAL HANDLING
Activity 899 – Other Material Overhead (Material Source Mining)
Description
This activity will be used only for work related to material production that cannot be reasonably
performed as Activities 891, 892, and 897. This activity includes material source mining.
Applications and Limitations
Follow the applicable site-specific SWPPP or EPCP and/or BMPs for the facility or site where
the activity is occurring. Follow applicable BMPs in ADOT Erosion and Pollution Control Manual
if a SWPPP/EPCP is not available or applicable for the material source. Ensure activities are in
compliance with Section 6.8 of ADOT’s Individual Permit, if mining occurs.
Do

Don’t

•• Implement Chapter 2, Program 800,
Activity 892.
•• Implement Chapter 3, Program 6 and
Program 7 BMPs, and Chapter 4,
Program 8 and Program 9 BMPs.
•• Follow BMPs for Activity 892.
•• Contain runoff within the site to the
extent possible.
•• Reclaim and revegetate parts of the
site that are no longer needed.
•• Plan site operation so that the least
area possible is disturbed.
•• Implement dust suppression as
necessary.
•• Use the material source without reviewing a copy of the material source
SWPPP/EPCP, if available or applicable.

Maintain
•• Ample supply of appropriate spill cleanup material near storage areas.
•• Storage areas to prevent precipitation and runoff from coming in contact with
chemicals or materials.
•• Perimeter controls, containment structures, covers, and liners.
•• Clean areas where materials have been removed to ensure that no dust or
spillage remains to be washed into stormwater.
•• Track-out controls.
Inspect
•• Before and after precipitation events and as recommended in the site-specific
SWPPP/EPCP, if applicable.
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ADOT Activities vs. Contract Maintenance Activities
Description

Contract
Activity
Number

ADOT
Activity
Number

Description

ADOT BMP
Manual Page
Number

Pavement leveling
with pre-mix
Paving
Seal coat

9102

102

Level with pre-mix

2-3

9105
9106

101, 105
104, 106,
107

Patch with pre-mix, tight blading
Sand seal coat, chip seal coat, seal
coat (minor)

2-3

Flushing

9109

Pavement milling
and replacement
Crack filling with
rubber asphalt
Hydro vacuum

9111

108, 109,
135
112

Flush coat, spot flush/seal coat,
flush shoulder edge
Replace surface/base

9113

113

Fill cracks with rubber asphalt

9114

1507,
1601,
1602,
1603,
1604,
1605,
1607,
1608,
1690

Mechanical sweeping, drainage
maintenance

Mechanical litter
9152
pickup
Fence inspections/ 9154
repair

1501,
1502
1505,
1506

Full-width litter pickup, spot litter
and debris pickup
Annual fence inspection, routine
fence maintenance

New fence
installation

9156

1505,
1506

Annual fence inspection, routine
fence maintenance

2-35

Mechanical
sweeping
Rest area
maintenance
Landscape
maintenance

9157

1507

Mechanical sweeping

2-33

9201,
9205
9301

209, 259

Rest area maintenance

2-43

Hydroseeding

9303

Chipping

9305

1470,
1471
1463

Irrigation inspection/ 9307
repair

323, 324

332

2-3
2-3, 2-11
2-3
2-3

2-33, 2-37

Trimming, removing, and replacing
trees, shrubs, and ground covers

2-33
2-35

2-23, 2-29

Hydroseeding, hydromulching

2-27

Chipping stems, limbs, and slash

2-23

Irrigation inspection, irrigation repair

2-45

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Contract
Activity
Number

ADOT
Activity
Number

Tree trimming/
removal

9308

1460,
1461,
1462,
315, 324

Tree thinning

9309

1460,
1461,
1462

Herbicide spraying 9310,
9311

1420,
1421,
1430,
1431,
1432,
1433,
1440,
1441,
1492

Chemical vegetation control, hand
application herbicides/insecticides

1590

Other roadside maintenance

Description

Miscellaneous
maintenance

9799

Description
Mechanical tree and brush removal,
hand-cut trees and brush, large
tree removal, mechanical, trim
trees, remove trees, trim/remove
shrubs/ground cover
Mechanical tree and brush removal,
hand-cut trees and brush, large tree
removal, mechanical

ADOT BMP
Manual Page
Number

2-23

2-23

2-19

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2-33

CHAPTER 3
FACILITIES
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
The following activity BMPs are applicable to all ADOT maintenance yards and facilities unless
superseded or complemented by a site-specific SWPPP, including MS4 requirements. If available,
follow the applicable SWPPP and/or BMPs for the facility where the activity is occurring. Programs
1 through 7 address specific groupings of activities undertaken at ADOT yards and facilities. These
program groupings are numbered similarly to the maintenance program groupings within PeCoS,
but because there is no complimentary database to track Facilities programs, each activity within
the program has been numbered sequentially for ease of use. Chapter 4, Good Housekeeping,
Programs 8–9 are general categories of BMPs that may be required for one or more roadway
maintenance or facilities activities.

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PROGRAM 1 – BUILDINGS
Activities 1.0 - FACILITY CLEANING
Description
Custodial work in ADOT buildings.
Applications and Limitations
Prior to this activity, review and implement Chapter 4, Program 8, Activity 8.2 regarding use of
safer alternative products.
Do

Don’t

•• Dry-sweep as much as possible and
properly dispose of debris.
•• Pour non-hazardous mop water for
cleaning into sanitary sewer.
•• Pick up and dispose of garbage and
waste material (refer to Chapter 3,
Program 7 BMPs).
•• Train for spill cleanup procedures to
ensure that all employees understand
them.
•• Pour mop water on the ground surface
or in storm drains.
•• Store cleaning materials outdoors uncovered.
•• Sweep debris and dust from inside the facility to outside areas.
•• Use soaps, detergents, or other cleaners on outside surfaces.
•• Allow spill clean residues to come into contact with stormwater.

Maintain
•• An orderly storage of materials in lockers, cabinets, or stockpiles.
•• Only the necessary quantity of cleaners to maintain facility.
•• Debris-free storm drain covers; dry and clean floors and surfaces by using
brooms, shovels, vacuums, or cleaning machines as necessary.
Inspect
•• For leaks or conditions that could lead to a discharge of chemicals or contact of
stormwater with raw materials, intermediate materials, waste, waste materials,
or products. Repair all leaks immediately.

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PROGRAM 1 – BUILDINGS
Activities 1.1 – HVAC Condensation Management
Description
The purpose of this activity is to reduce pollution impacts from cleaning and maintenance of
air conditioning and refrigeration units. It is allowable to discharge condensation water, which
is essentially pure water, to the atmosphere. It is illegal to discharge any water that contains
chemicals, detergents, algae-killing agents, and other man-made substances onto the ground or
onto any surface that drains to an MS4, sensitive waters, and watercourses.
Applications and Limitations
Evaporative cooling water is potable. Chiller system cooling tower water is chemically treated and
must be contained for disposal.
Do

Don’t

•• Minimize use of toxic or hazardous chemicals as much as possible.
•• Route evaporative cooler water to vegetation or rock-mulched areas to avoid
erosion and retain on-site.
•• Contain non-potable chiller water in accordance with Chapter 3, Program 7,
Activity 7.7.
•• Use the minimum amount of water necessary to complete the work.
•• Discharge chemically contaminated water, or water with residual cleansers,
even Simple Green, to the land surface or into watercourses.

Maintain
•• Evaporative coolers and chillers in good operating condition to conserve
water.
Inspect
•• For equipment leaks and surface erosion caused by leaks.
•• Discharge areas for soil erosion.

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PROGRAM 1 – BUILDINGS
Activity 1.2 – Fire Sprinkler System Maintenance
Description
Sprinkler systems are tested and flushed, with discharges possible.
Applications and Limitations
Additives to this water require containment.
Do

Don’t

•• Minimize use of hazardous or toxic chemicals as much as possible.
•• Route potable water to vegetation or granite-mulched areas to avoid erosion.
•• Contain non-potable water (refer to Chapter 3, Program 7, Activity 7.7).
•• Discharge chemically contaminated water to the land surface or into
watercoures.
•• Create an erosion zone from discharge of high-pressure water.

Maintain
•• Sprinkler systems in good operating condition.
Inspect
•• For equipment leaks and surface erosion caused by leaks.

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PROGRAM 1 – BUILDINGS
Activity 1.3 – Painting
Description
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to watercourses from structure painting by using
good housekeeping practices, proper waste disposal, safer alternative products, and training
employees and subcontractors.
Applications and Limitations
Safer alternative products may not be available, suitable, or effective in every case. Hazardous
waste that cannot be recycled must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste hauler.
Implement Chapter 3, Program 6, Activity 6.0, Program 7, Activities 7.8 and 7.9.
Do

•• Plan painting events to allow
maximum drying time before expected
precipitation.
•• Load paint into spray equipment
indoors at a maintenance facility.
•• Install storm drain inlet protection, as
necessary, prior to painting activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets
by capping and covering with
waterproof material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs,
filter fabric, gravel, or stone filters,
etc., to keep sediment and other
contaminants out of the storm drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the activity is complete and until all water has
drained, evaporated, or been otherwise controlled.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when the activity is
complete.
•• Use good site preparation (drop cloths, containments, etc.) to prevent
contaminants from entering stormwater runoff.
•• Contain and control runoff from high-pressure washing or sandblasting.
•• Use materials only where and when needed to complete the maintenance
activity. Use all contents of open containers where possible.
•• Appropriately label all secondary containers.
•• Dispose of latex paint, paint cans, used brushes, rags, absorbent materials,
and drop cloths in accordance with Chapter 3, Program 7 BMPs.
•• Dry residual latex paint and dispose of as solid waste. Latex paint brushes may
be rinsed to the sanitary sewer after removing residual paint.
•• Use the entire product amount, if practicable, before disposing of the
container.
•• Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment
and cleanup.
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•• Clean spills quickly with absorbents and properly manage spill clean up
materials and residues.
•• Make copies of the label information or MSDS, if needed.
Don’t

•• Pour any residual paint in paint cans to the sanitary sewer.
•• Remove the original product label from a container, unless the label or MSDS
information is available elsewhere, because it contains important spill cleanup
and disposal information.
•• Store paint containers near stormwater pathways.
•• Use solvents, detergents, or other cleaners outside during surface preparation
unless washwater can be contained and collected for proper disposal.

Maintain
•• A supply of spill cleanup material near material use areas. Clean up all spills
immediately in accordance with Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs.
Inspect
•• Containers to ensure lids are tight.
•• Containers to ensure they are secured in vehicle before transporting.

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PROGRAM 1 – BUILDINGS
Activity 1.4 – Graffiti Removal
Description
Painting over or sandblasting of graffiti.
Applications and Limitations
This activity is applicable for elimination of graffiti on highway structures and facilities.
Do

Don’t

•• Refer to techniques contained under
Chapter 3, Program 1, Activity 1.3
when painting.
•• Implement Chapter 3, Program 6,
Activity 6.0.
•• Implement Chapter 3, Program 7
BMPs.
•• Collect and contain all contaminated
rags or absorbents (refer to Chapter
3, Program 7 BMPs for disposal).
•• Implement Chapter 4, Program 8
BMPs.
•• Minimize use of solvents and
hazardous materials (refer to and
follow Chapter 4, Program 8, Activity 8.1).
•• Install storm drain inlet protection, as necessary, prior to commencing
activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets by capping and covering with waterproof
material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc., to
keep sediment out of the storm drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the activity is complete and until all water has
drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when the activity is
complete.
•• Properly channel and contain runoff from sandblasting.
•• Wear approved respirators and have a medical monitoring examination before
wearing and working with a respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus.
•• Sandblast painted surfaces that may contain lead-bearing paints.

Maintain
•• Containment of all materials when working.

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Inspect
•• Entire area on completion of activities for any remaining debris or paint
materials.

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PROGRAM 1 – BUILDINGS
Activity 1.5 – Shipping/Receiving/Loading Docks
Description
Proper operation and maintenance of loading docks.
Applications and Limitations
These features may have storm drains or dry wells to collect stormwater, which must be correctly
managed to prevent improper discharges. Dry wells located in an area where hazardous substances
are stored or loaded may require an Aquifer Protection Permit (APP) issued by ADEQ. Contact
the DEC to determine applicability.
Do

Don’t

•• Identify locations of storm drains
(usually at base of inclined loading
areas) and cover or block them during
deliveries in the event of a spill from
delivery vehicles.
•• Obtain storm drain markers and
properly sign all storm drain inlets and
dry well grates in the vicinity, indicating
that no dumping is allowed.
•• Decommission any dry wells located
within loading dock areas, when
possible. Contact OES for further
guidance.
•• Install manual valves in storm drains that can be opened or closed in the event
of an unexpected release.
•• Remove trash and debris before discharge to a storm drain.
•• Route water from the loading dock storm drains to on-site retention areas for
evaporation or infiltration.
•• Clean spills quickly with absorbents and properly manage spill clean up
materials and residues.
•• Dry-sweep as much as possible and properly dispose of debris.
•• Allow chemical contaminants or other debris to enter the storm drain system.
•• Use the hose to wash debris away or offsite.

Maintain
•• The area clean and free from debris by sweeping regularly. Collected debris
and litter should be deposited in a trash container to avoid accumulation in the
drain or dry well area.
•• Control of stormwater runoff by directing it toward storm drains, swales, granitemulched areas, or stormwater impoundments.
•• Spill kit in docks.
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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Inspect
•• After precipitation events for the presence of stormwater contaminants, debris,
trash, and litter.
•• Before expected precipitation events for trash, debris, and other materials that
could contribute pollutants, such as spilled oil in loading dock.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 2 – sites, yards, and grounds
Activity 2.0 – Vehicle Parking Areas
Description
Control of oils, greases, and other vehicular contaminants from small vehicle parking areas.
Applications and Limitations
This activity applies only to employee or public small vehicle parking areas (e.g., MVD, rest
area).
Do

Don’t

•• Install storm drain inlet protection, as
necessary:
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter
fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc.,
to keep sediment out of the storm
drain system.
%% Remove any debris from covered
storm drain inlets.
•• Obtain storm drain markers and
properly sign all storm drain inlets and
dry well grates in the vicinity indicating
that no dumping is allowed.
•• Sweep paved parking areas and properly dispose of debris.
•• Immediately clean up any spills or leaks. Block storm drains until cleanup is
complete.
•• Install porous pavement in smaller parking areas, when possible.
•• Direct stormwater runoff from parking lots to vegetative buffers, dry swales, or
granite-mulched areas, if feasible.
•• Use absorbents to clean spilled materials.
•• Use dry cleaning methods when practical. If water is used, capture and properly
dispose of the cleaning water.
•• Discharge heavily contaminated stormwater directly to storm drain inlets,
watercourses, or sensitive waters.

Maintain
•• A clean and orderly parking area.
Inspect
•• Storm drains after each precipitation event for the presence of stormwater
contaminants, debris, trash, and litter. Cleaning should occur on an as-needed
basis.
•• Parking lots for standing oil. Spot-clean affected area as needed.
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PROGRAM 2 – sites, yards, and grounds
Activity 2.1 – Vehicle Parking Areas (Snow and Ice Removal)
Description
Public (e.g., MVD, rest area) and ADOT vehicle parking lots and yards - management of snow
and ice.
Applications and Limitations
The application of salt and salt alternatives (e.g., abrasives, anti-icers, deicers) should not be
substituted for plowing. If deicers are used, surface runoff should not leave the site. Use berms
and direct runoff to permeable surfaces such as graveled areas.
Do

Don’t

•• Use sand that is free of fine particles;
fine sand is difficult to sweep and will
contribute to increased turbidity.
•• Install storm drain inlet protection,
as necessary or feasible, prior to
commencing application of salt and
salt alternatives:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets
by capping and covering with
waterproof material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter
fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc.,
to keep sediment out of the storm
drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the activity is complete and until all water has
drained, evaporated, or been otherwise controlled.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when the activity is
complete.
•• Avoid applying material near surface runoff discharge points.
•• Place snow piles to avoid or divert surface water run-on from areas outside the
snow piles.
•• Accommodate stormwater retention on-site.
•• Use excess quantities of salts, deicers, or abrasives where the outlet of a storm
drain system directly discharges to sensitive waters, watercourses, or areas of
environmental importance.
•• Directly discharge plowed snow into sensitive waters, watercourses, or areas
of environmental importance.

Maintain
•• Sweeping of parking areas prior to precipitation to remove trash, debris, and
other potential pollutants.
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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•• Regular sweeping of the parking areas following use of sand and deicers.
•• Storage of salt and deicers, preferably in a permanent roofed structure, a
minimum of ¼ mile from sensitive waters.
Inspect
•• During spring snow melt for site run-on/runoff conditions.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 2 – sites, yards, and grounds
Activity 2.2 – Rooftops
Description
Rooftop maintenance.
Applications and Limitations
Applicable only to large industrial buildings where sediment and other contaminants accumulate
from air-handling equipment and fugitive dust.
Do

Don’t

•• Clean the rooftops of your buildings at
least once before the rainy season.
•• Cover any maintenance materials
stored on the roof to protect them from
rainwater.
•• Consider disconnection of any
downspouts from the direct connection
to the storm drain inlet to divert runoff
to vegetated areas or use rain-barrel
collection for reuse.
•• Vacuum or sweep accumulated dirt
and debris regularly.
•• Contain and prevent sediment from
leaving ADOT property.
•• Store materials or chemical contaminants on rooftops.

Maintain
•• Equipment located on rooftops to prevent leaks.
•• Downspout functionality by periodically removing litter and debris.
Inspect
•• Roof before expected periods of precipitation.
•• Downspout discharge areas and rain barrel collection sites for overtopping and
erosion.

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PROGRAM 2 – sites, yards, and grounds
Activity 2.3 – Landscape Work
Description
Tree and brush removal, chipping of stems, limbs and slash, tillage, mulching, and seeding,
fertilizing and use of pesticides, etc.
Applications and Limitations
To maintain shade and aesthetics, do not conduct excessive landscaping activity near buildings
and structures without proper guidance. Maintain landscaping corridor or natural vegetation buffer
areas. Over-application of fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides may create stormwater pollution.
If 5 or more acres will be disturbed, prepare a SWPPP (refer to Chapter 1). Leaf blowers and
gasoline-powered landscape maintenance equipment is banned on State property in Maricopa,
Pima and Pinal Counties. This ban is also applicable to all State procurement of landscaping
services and landscaping equipment in Maricopa, Pinal, and Pima Counties.
Do

•• Properly manage sediment from these
areas; contain and prevent sediment
from leaving ADOT property.
•• Install on-site retention areas and
controls if necessary.
•• Install storm drain inlet protection if
applicable:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets
by capping and covering with
waterproof material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs,
filter fabric, gravel, or stone filters,
etc., to keep sediment and other
contaminants out of the storm drain
system.
%% Leave covers in place until the
activity is complete and until all
water has drained, evaporated, or
been otherwise controlled.
%% Remove any debris from covered
storm drain inlets when the activity
is complete.
•• Apply pesticides and fertilizers
according to label instructions (refer
to Chapter 3, Program 6 and Program
7 BMPs for handling and disposal).
•• Consider using less toxic alternatives to pesticides and fertilizer whenever
possible (refer to Chapter 4, Program 8, Activity 8.2). Review the ADOT
“Vegetation Management Guidelines” (refer to Appendix D).
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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•• Stabilize exposed soils by seeding, granite mulching, using riprap, etc.
•• Select and use equipment that causes the least amount of ground
disturbance.
•• Store stockpiled materials away from the yard perimeter, storm drains,
concentrated flows of stormwater, and watercourses. As feasible, berm or
cover soil stockpiles.
•• Recycle or properly dispose of green waste materials.
•• Properly adjust and maintain sprinkler heads to prevent overwatering.
Don’t

•• Clear any areas larger than necessary.
•• Apply pesticides and fertilizers prior to precipitation.

Maintain
•• Large trees and shrubs in critical buffer areas near streams.
Inspect
•• Site on completion of work for appropriate management of waste materials.
•• Irrigation system for erosion, leaks, spray patterns, and timing.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 2 – sites, yards, and grounds
Activity 2.4 – Culvert and Watercourse Clearing
Description
Proper maintenance and repair of existing drainage systems will greatly improve water quality,
allow the drainage system to function at peak levels, and reduce flooding.
Applications and Limitations
This activity includes BMPs for routine drainage, maintenance, and inspection. This activity may
require an environmental clearance. Section 404 and 401 certifications may be required for this
activity. Coordinate with OES and the DEC to determine applicability.
Do

Don’t

•• Report any illicit discharges or
connections observed during normal
activities to DEC and OES.
•• Install storm drain inlet protection,
as necessary, prior to commencing
activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets
by capping and covering with
waterproof material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter
fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc.,
to keep sediment out of the storm
drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the
activity is complete and until all water has drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when the activity is
complete.
•• Stabilize exposed soil per ADOT specifications.
•• Seed and mulch any disturbed areas along stream banks per ADOT
specifications.
•• Store waste collected from cleaning activities in appropriate containers to
prevent discharge to storm drain inlets or watercourses.
•• Dewater waste with outflow directed into or vacuumed into a tank for proper
disposal.
•• Post visible signs where needed to prevent contaminants from being released
to stormwater.
•• Obtain storm drain markers and properly sign all storm drain inlets and dry well
grates in the vicinity, indicating that no dumping is allowed.
•• Remove vegetation along stream banks, such as trees and bushes.
•• Place equipment in the wash; an alternative is to place equipment on the
bank.
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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•• Undercut the stream bank.
•• Pile wastes along stream banks.
•• Discharge water near a storm drain inlet or watercourse.
Maintain
•• Drainage structures in good condition with unobstructed watercourse.
Inspect
•• Culverts and watercourses for debris and to determine whether maintenance
is needed.
•• Problem areas where discharges or probable illicit connections may occur.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 2 – sites, yards, and grounds
Activity 2.5 – Fence Work
Description
Fence and gate installations and repairs.
Applications and Limitations
Determine the best equipment access route to cause the least soil impacts to site. Use rubbertired equipment to minimize soil crust damage. If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties,
coordinate with the DEC to determine whether a dust control permit will be required prior to
commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program 2, Activity 2.6). If 5 or more acres will be
disturbed, prepare a project specific SWPPP (refer to Chapter 1).
Do

Don’t

•• Implement
Good
Housekeeping
BMPs (refer to Chapter 4, Program 8
BMPs).
•• Review and implement the ADOT
“Vegetation Management Guidelines”
(refer to Appendix D).
•• Stabilize
exposed
soils
as
appropriate.
•• Select and use equipment that
causes the least amount of ground
disturbance.
•• Evaluate need for installation of
perimeter controls (e.g., silt fences,
berms).
•• Follow Chapter 3, Program 6, Activity 6.10 for concrete (Portland cement).
•• Properly dispose of waste materials (refer to Chapter 3, Program 7 BMPs).
•• Dispose of concrete waste improperly.
•• Track sediment or other materials onto roadways.

Maintain
•• A clean and orderly work area.
Inspect
•• For spills and waste materials following completion of work.

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PROGRAM 2 – sites, yards, and grounds
Activity 2.6 – Sediment Control – Track-in/Track-out
Description
Management of mud and dirt tracked out of, or brought into, facilities via tires and undercarriages
of vehicles and equipment.
Applications and Limitations
Whenever traffic will be leaving a facility and moving directly onto a public road or paved area.
Refer to the ADOT Erosion and Pollution Control Manual for Highway Design and Construction.
If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine whether
a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program
2, Activity 2.6).
Do

Don’t

•• Plan the traffic pattern and construct entrances on level ground with drainage
directed back to the facility.
•• Sweep or vacuum facility grounds to remove any accumulated pollutants that
might be picked up by vehicles and equipment.
•• Install track-out protection at facility exits or use rubberized or metal mats
where appropriate (unpaved).
•• Clean vehicles at designated washing facilities to reduce potential transport of
invasive plant species.
•• Apply soil stabilization (e.g. water) as necessary to prevent dust.
•• Allow tire and wheel wash waters to leave the containment area.

Maintain
•• Gravel mat by replacing top dressing with additional stone when surface voids
are no longer visible.
•• Sediment traps to ensure sediment is removed.
Inspect
•• Vehicles and equipment for dirt and mud.
•• Paved areas and public roads at entrances/exits. (In Maricopa County, when
track out extends 25 feet or more, coordinate with the DEC to determine the
appropriate removal action.)

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PROGRAM 3 – general automotive activities
Activity 3.0 – Fueling Stations
Description
Proper handling of automotive fuels and fule site responsiblities.
Note: Additional guidance on fueling may be found in the ADOT Equipment Services BMP Manual
and the ADOT Fuel Site Guide.
Applications and Limitations
Applies to all temporary and permanent fuel facilities located on facilities or yards. This activity may
require a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan or Underground Tank Registration or
permits. Coordinate with the DEC for applicability.
Do

•• Use safe handling techniques, prevent
spills on ground.
•• Clean up any small/normal fueling
spills as soon as possible. Any large
spills must be reported to ADOT
Environmental Fuel Systems and
Scales Management for cleanup
evaluation (refer to Chapter 4, Program
9 BMPs).
•• Ensure aboveground tanks have
secondary containment or use doublewalled tanks.
•• Install overflow protection on all tanks,
and underground tanks should have corrosion protection.
•• Ensure the fueling station is covered and sloped to prevent ponding.
•• Lock drain valves at all times. Facility managers and ADOT Environmental
Fuel Systems and Scales Management will have keys. Any time an area is
drained, ADOT Environmental Fuel Systems and Scales Management must be
contacted first to evaluate process.
•• Test emergency shutoff systems according to established schedules.
•• Monitor tanks when fueling or receiving deliveries. Check for spills and ensure
fill caps are installed correctly.
•• Obtain storm drain markers and properly sign all storm drain inlets and dry well
grates in the vicinity, indicating that no dumping is allowed.
•• Consider installing perimeter controls around fueling area.
•• Keep small spill control cleanup kits at each fueling location.
•• Report all drips or seeps in lines, on filters, or around pumps to the ADOT
Environmental Fuel Systems and Scales Management.
•• Keep ADOT Environmental Fuel Systems and Scales Management phone
numbers posted at fueling locations.
•• Training employees and contractors on the proper techniques for spill
containment and cleanup.
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 3-29

Don’t

•• Leave vehicle unattended when fueling.
•• Wash spills off with water.
•• Top off.

Maintain
•• Fuel inventory.
•• Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan.
•• Spill control kits on hand at all fueling locations.
Inspect
•• For spill residues in secondary containment and remove if present (refer to
Chapter 3, Program 7 BMPs).
•• Tanks, piping, containment basins, and drip pans for any possible leaks, spills,
or signs of corrosion.
•• Adjacent drainage areas for evidence of fuel activity impact.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 3 – general automotive activities
Activity 3.1 – Outdoor Vehicle and Equipment Storage
Description
This section describes BMPs for control of runoff of oils and grease from ADOT equipment and
vehicles that are stored outside. For general parking lot BMPs, refer to Chapter 3, Program 2,
Activity 2.0.
Applications and Limitations
Applies to all ADOT heavy equipment storage.
Do

Don’t

•• Designate a vehicle storage area, preferably with an impervious surface and
store vehicle and equipment indoors whenever practicable.
•• Designate an area where spills are contained for leaks or leak-prone vehicles/
equipment.
•• Consider draining automotive fluids if long-term storage is expected (i.e.
multiple months).
•• Install perimeter controls such as berms or curbs.
•• Design for maximum on-site retention of stormwater in equipment storage
areas.
•• Install storm drain inlet protection if storm drains are located in the equipment
storage area.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc., to
keep sediment out of the storm drain system.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets on a regular basis.
•• Consider removal of storm drains in favor of on-site retention or diversion to a
pre-treatment device such as an oil/water separator. This is especially important
if the storm drain ultimately empties to a Water of the US or MS4.
•• Obtain storm drain markers and properly sign all storm drain inlets and dry well
grates in the vicinity, indicating that no dumping is allowed.
•• Sweep paved parking areas on an established schedule.
•• Conduct preventive maintenance on all vehicles to prevent fluid leaks.
•• Place drip pans under vehicles or equipment which will be parked for extended
periods of time.
•• Direct sheet flow runoff to a vegetative buffer, dry swale, or riprap area if area
is not bermed or curbed.
•• Use dry cleanup methods when possible to limit discharge of pollutant to the
stormwater drainage system.

•• Store vehicles just anywhere on your site.

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Maintain
•• All vehicles in clean and good working order.
•• Vehicles and equipment away from storm drains and watercourses.
•• Broken down and unused vehicles by returning them to working service, if
practicable.
•• Disabled vehicles left unattended and unmaintained may eventually leak
automotive fluids.
•• Spill kits in close proximity that include drip pans.
Inspect
•• Storm drains after each precipitation event. Cleaning should occur on an asneeded basis.
•• Storage area weekly to ensure that no significant leaks have occurred. If spills
are discovered, clean up spilled material, dispose of properly, and place a drip
pan under vehicle or equipment until it can be repaired (refer to Chapter 4,
Program 9 BMPs).

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 3 – general automotive activities
Activity 3.2 – Vehicle Fluid Management
Description
Vehicle fluids such as oils, lubricants, and antifreeze can be discharged from hose ruptures,
container leaks, hydraulic leaks, or accidents.
Applications and Limitations
Routine vehicle fluid replacement is addressed in the ADOT Equipment Services BMP Manual.
Do

Don’t

•• Install storm drain inlet protection
immediately, as necessary:
%% Block nearby storm drain and
sanitary sewer inlets by capping
and covering with waterproof
material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs,
filter fabric, gravel, stone filters, or
petrochemical absorbent materials,
etc., to keep sediment and vehicle
fluids out of the storm drain
system.
%% Leave covers in place until the
activity is complete and until all
water has drained, evaporated, or been otherwise controlled.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when the activity is
complete.
•• Drain fluids from disabled or stored vehicles as soon as possible to prevent
leaks and spills.
•• Clean up any vehicle fluids on the paved surfaces with dry absorbents or rags.
Properly dispose of cleanup materials (refer to Chapter 3, Program 7 BMPs).
•• Transfer any fluids from drip pans or collection devices to designated waste
storage areas.
•• Store vehicle fluids in separate, clearly identified, sealed, and leakproof
containers in designated areas, away from storm drains.
•• Manage and dispose of antifreeze, used oil, and used solvents (refer to Chapter
3, Program 7 BMPs).
•• Store cracked batteries in leakproof secondary containment (refer to Chapter
3, Program 6, Activity 6.4).
•• Mix leaking fluids from vehicles. Mixing can contaminate the fluids and turn it
all into hazardous waste.
•• Store waste fluids on-site beyond 30 days.
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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Maintain
•• A properly contained and marked recycling or collection site for used oils,
antifreeze, and lubricants.
Inspect
•• Vehicle and equipment storage areas for evidence of leaks.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 3 – general automotive activities
Activity 3.3 – Vehicle/Equipment Wash Facilities
Description
Reduce the discharge of pollutants from vehicle washing to protect storm drains and watercourses.
Recycle or properly treat all wash water. Facilities need to be properly designed to meet aquifer
protection program requirements and be permitted by ADEQ.
Applications and Limitations
Pollutants such as detergents and dirty wash water must be prevented from directly discharging
to watercourses and storm drains. Discharges to sanitary sewers require a pre-treatment permit
from the affected municipality.
Do

Don’t

•• Wash equipment only in designated,
contained areas with impervious
surfaces or off-site at commercial
facilities.
•• Discharge into a permitted sanitary
sewer, recycle system, or other
similarly approved discharge system.
•• Use an oil/water separator or similar
treatment system to remove oil,
grease, and solids when discharging
to the sanitary sewer. Use of oil/
water separators may have special
discharge requirements.
•• Use phosphate-free biodegradable
soaps and detergents.
•• Store soaps/detergents in contained area.
•• Use a spray nozzle, pressure washer, or rinse bucket to conserve water and
minimize discharge water.
•• Use as little water as possible to avoid having to install erosion and sediment
controls for the wash area.
•• Cover wash slabs to prevent precipitation from entering the wash water
facility.
•• Permit steam cleaning on-site. Steam cleaning can generate significant
pollutant concentrations.
•• Discharge into the storm drainage system, septic systems, watercourses, or
groundwater.

Maintain
•• Drains to prevent them from becoming clogged with sand, grit, or other
materials.
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 3-35

•• On-site wash facilities to prevent the accumulation of trash and debris.
•• Oil/water separator. Schedule regular servicing intervals and maintain
associated records.
Inspect
•• Washing area and all water treatment equipment.
•• Soap/detergent containers and storage areas for leaks/spills.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 4 – sewerage facilities
Activity 4.0 – Sewer Systems, Septic Systems, and Portable Toilets
Description
Prevent the discharge of pollutants from sanitary and septic waste to stormwater systems and
natural watercourses. Provide convenient and well-maintained restroom facilities or portable
toilets. Seek permanent connections to the sanitary sewer system or schedule for regular service
and disposal when practicable. Such management practice will significantly reduce unwanted
nutrients, bacteria, and viruses, and oxygen-demanding substances to land and water surfaces.
Applications and Limitations
Sanitary or septic waste should be treated or disposed of through municipal or state-approved
sewage disposal systems, where feasible. If discharging to a sanitary sewer, contact the local
wastewater treatment plant for their requirements and necessary pretreatment permits.
Do

Don’t

•• Arrange for regular or emergency waste collection by a licensed hauler to
prevent facilities from overflowing.
•• Locate sanitary facilities away from storm drains and watercourses.
•• Treat waste from temporary septic systems to appropriate regulatory standards
before discharging or collection.
•• Ensure that excessive chlorine does not leave ADOT property. Contain any
super-chlorinated water (above 1 ppm) until chlorine values have dissipated
below 1 ppm before discharge to a sanitary sewer.
•• Avoid illicit discharges by properly disconnecting temporary sanitary facilities
that discharge to sanitary sewer systems.
•• Equip waste transport vehicles with anti-spill devices and equipment.
•• Secure portable toilets to prevent tipping over of contents.
•• Have leasing company dispose of portable toilet waste into sanitary sewer.
•• Immediately report contractor spills of sewage or cleaning solution of portable
toilets to the maintenance supervisor, the yard supervisor, or DEC as necessary
for a proper response.
•• Ensure that any spills or overflows of raw sewage are immediately contained
and properly disposed of to the sanitary sewer or septic tank. Advise/consult
ADOT, OES, the DEC and ADOT Water/Wastewater Manager as needed (refer
to Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs).
•• Develop and document a regular pumping schedule (3–5 years) for all septic
systems to prevent failure of the leach fields.

•• Track sanitary or other wastes off-site.
•• Discharge toxic or hazardous wastes to drain fields, dry wells, cesspools, pits,
storm drains, sewers, surface waters, or septic tanks.
•• Locate portable toilets in or near a watercourse, storm drain inlet, or dry well.
•• Discharge maintenance yard wastewater to a septic system.
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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•• Discharge or bury untreated raw wastewater; this is a violation of federal and
state law.
Maintain
•• Sanitary/septic facilities in good working order.
Inspect
•• Leach fields, evapotranspiration beds, and other waste management areas for
spills, leaks, or evidence of failure.
•• For leaks or conditions that could lead to a discharge of chemicals or contact
of stormwater; stop any liquids from moving off ADOT property; advise/consult
ADOT Water/Wastewater Manager, OES and DEC as needed.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 5 – water systems
Activity 5.0 – Potable Water Supply Systems and Waterline Testing
Description
New potable waterlines are often flushed with “super-chlorinated” water – water that is treated at a
higher-than-normal dosage of chlorine. Such chlorinated water is very harmful to aquatic life. This
BMP prohibits off-site discharge of these waters unless dechlorinated below applicable discharge
standards.
Applications and Limitations
If water will be discharged to a Water of the US or an MS4, an AZPDES De Minimis General
Permit or an APP General Permit from ADEQ will be necessary. Coordinate with OES and the
DEC for applicability.
Do

Don’t

•• Install storm drain inlet protection,
as necessary, prior to commencing
activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets
by capping and covering with
waterproof material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter
fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc.,
to keep sediment out of the storm
drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the
activity is complete and until all
water has drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered
storm drain inlets when the activity is complete.
•• Ensure that excessive chlorine does not leave ADOT property; contain any
super-chlorinated water (above 1 ppm) until chlorine values have dissipated
below 1 ppm before discharge to a sanitary sewer.
•• Use impermeable impoundments to control water collection and to protect
areas of environmental importance.
•• Promptly repair any leaks in water supply lines to prevent excessive surface
erosion.
•• Sweep loose soil/sediment after repair is complete.
•• Contaminate discharge water with any chemicals other than chlorine.
•• Discharge super-chlorinated water to septic systems, surface water, storm
drains, and water courses.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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Maintain
•• Waterline to avoid leaks that cause surface erosion or discharges to surface
water and watercourses.
Inspect
•• Lines and pump stations for leaks.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
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PROGRAM 5 – water systems
Activity 5.1 – Well Development and Maintenance
Description
Discharges of water used in the process of drilling, developing, and repairing wells.
Applications and Limitations
All well development operations will be performed under the direct and personal supervision of
an Arizona-licensed well driller with a Registrar of Contractor License type A, A-4, A-16, or L-53.
Well construction will also comply with the guidelines of the ADEQ Engineering Bulletin No. 10
(1978), Arizona APP Program Type I General Permits for Well Development (A.A.C. R-9-B301),
the AZPDES De Minimis Permit, and all other applicable federal, state, county, or local regulations.
If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine whether
a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program
2, Activity 2.6).
Do

•• Obtain blue stake clearance prior to any excavations or borehole
construction.
•• Control site to ensure no contaminated water leaves ADOT property; water
may or may not be potable and may contain drilling lubricants.
•• Discharge water pumped from the well during drilling, sampling, and
development operations at the well site.
•• Prepare a discharge monitoring and a BMP Plan, if required under the terms
and conditions of the De Minimis Permit.
•• Place a plastic tarp beneath the drilling rig during mobilization to protect the
site from oil or hydraulic fluid spills or leaks; the tarp must remain beneath the
rig until demobilization (refer to Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs).
•• Treat compressed air introduced into the well during drilling, sampling, or
well development by passage through a carbon or coalescing filter to remove
organic contaminants.
•• Use aboveground tanks during drilling and construction phases of the project.
During drilling, the aboveground tanks will be emptied of cuttings at necessary
intervals. Cuttings will be placed on a liner with absorbent socks surrounding
the pile of cuttings. Temporary berms may be required to contain fluids and
cuttings. Maintain temporary berms and other controls to prevent discharge
from occurring.
•• Spread bore cuttings evenly in a thin layer at the well site such that they do not
pose a threat to the existing vegetation or drainage.
•• Remove all debris, waste, trash, and unused materials or supplies and all
temporary construction facilities such as temporary work areas, temporary
structures, and berms.
•• Obliterate stockpiles of excess or waste material and restore the site, as nearly
as possible, to its preconstruction condition and natural grade after completion
of the work.
•• Stabilize exposed soils after completion per ADOT specifications.
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•• Ensure that all well registration and repair forms are properly filed with the
Arizona Department of Water Resources.
•• Use impermeable impoundments to control fluids and protect areas of
environmental importance.
Don’t

•• Use earthen mud pits during the drilling and construction phase of the project.
•• Cause damage to property, contaminate wells, discharge to any surface
watercourse, or create an environmental or other nuisance during development
and maintenance operations.

Maintain
•• Limited site access with fences and locking gates.
•• Erosion control (e.g., gated irrigation pipe, splash plate, or riprap) at the point
of discharge to prevent scouring, as needed.
•• A record of well development and repair, including well registration.
Inspect
•• For waste and unused materials and cleanup once development or repair work
is completed.

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PROGRAM 5 – water systems
Activity 5.2 – Landscape Irrigation
Description
Maintenance of water systems used for landscaping.
Applications and Limitations
Water may be potable or non-potable. Used/reclaimed water may require additional permitting.
Coordinate with DEC for applicability.
Do

Don’t

•• Schedule immediate repair of any
erosion resulting from leaks or
improperly leaking equipment.
•• Properly dispose of replaced and
excess materials.
•• Restore ground surface to its original
design condition as soon as possible.
•• Minimize exposure to non-potable
water.
•• Overirrigate or overspray.

Maintain
•• Lines and sprinkler heads.
Inspect
•• For leaks and promptly schedule repairs.
•• For spray patterns and timing.
•• For site erosion.

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PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE
Activity 6.0 – Paint Storage and Handling
Description
Proper storage and handling practices for latex and oil-based paint, pavement marking products,
and aerosol paint cans.
Applications and Limitations
See Chapter 3, Program 6, Activity 6.1 for storage and handling requirements for epoxies and
solvents.
Do

Don’t

•• Minimize the inventory of paints (refer to Chapter 4,
Program 8 BMPs).
•• Designate paint storage areas. Store paints indoors or
in covered areas. Storage areas should be secure to
discourage theft and vandalism. Store flammable and
combustible products in approved storage cabinets.
•• Provide secondary containment in the storage area.
•• Locate storage areas away from floor drains, storm drain
inlets and watercourses.
•• Store paints in their original containers or in other compatible
containers that are clearly labeled with name of chemical,
unit number, expiration date, handling instructions, and
health or environmental hazards.
•• Use refillable spray bottles such as metal bottles that use
compressed air or plastic bottles with hand pumps for paint spraying whenever
possible.
•• Use the entire aerosol spray can before starting a new one.
•• Use all paint in cans and other containers and allow them to dry before
disposal.
•• Use funnels and pumps to minimize spills during refilling.
•• Block all drains in the vicinity during any loading or mixing activities.
•• Immediately clean up any spill (refer to Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs).
•• Obtain storm drain markers and properly sign all storm drain inlets and dry well
grates in the vicinity, indicating that no dumping is allowed.
•• Refer to Chapter 3, Program 7 BMPs for proper paint and aerosol can
disposal.
•• Hose down spills or work areas.

Maintain
•• MSDSs on all products and make sure employees know the location of the
MSDSs for the products they use.
•• Spill kits in close proximity (refer to Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs).
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Inspect
•• Monthly for leaks, spills, or signs of container deterioration.

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PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE
Activity 6.1 – Storage and Handling of Chemicals
Description
Proper storage and handling of various hazardous and non-hazardous chemicals in small
containers or drums (solvents such as coil cleaners, lubricants, spray adhesives such as epoxies,
etc., or water treatment chemicals such as corrosion prevention chemicals for coolers, chillers,
and boilers).
Applications and Limitations
Space limitations or site constraints may preclude permanent indoor storage of 55-gallon barrels
or larger containers. If stored outside, materials must be stored under cover and contained.
Do

Don’t

•• Designate storage areas and bulk
dispensing areas where transfers to
smaller containers are made.
•• Minimize the inventory of all chemicals
(refer to Chapter 4, Program 8
BMPs).
•• Substitute less or non-toxic materials
for toxic materials (refer to Chapter 4,
Program 8 BMPs).
•• Consult the MSDSs or label for specific
handling instructions.
•• Store material away from high-traffic
areas in a designated and secured
indoor or covered storage area.
•• Locate storage areas away from floor drains, storm drain inlets, and
watercourses.
•• Provide secondary containment in the storage area.
•• Store incompatible materials separately.
•• Store material in its original container or clearly label any subsequent
container.
•• Keep the container closed when material is not being used.
•• Immediately clean up any spill (refer to Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs).
•• Obtain storm drain markers and properly sign all storm drain inlets and dry well
grates in the vicinity, indicating that no dumping is allowed.
•• Refer to Chapter 3, Program 7, Activity 7.7 for proper chemical disposal.
•• Mix chemicals.

Maintain
•• MSDSs and a current inventory of chemicals located within the facility.
•• Spill kits in close proximity (refer to Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs).
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Inspect
•• Monthly for leaks, spills, or signs of container deterioration.

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PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE
Activity 6.2 – Storage of Pesticides and Herbicides
Description
Promote efficient and safe housekeeping practices (storage, use, and cleanup) when handling
potentially harmful materials such as herbicides and pesticides.
Applications and Limitations
Pesticides include insecticides, nematocides, and any product intended for preventing, destroying,
repelling, or mitigating pests. Herbicides include defoliants, pre-emergents, dessicants, fungicides,
and any products used for plant regulation and control. These materials may only be handled by
Structural Pest Control Commission–licensed applicators.
Do

•• Designate mixing and storage areas.
•• Minimize the inventory of pesticides,
herbicides, and chemicals as much as
possible by reclaiming and/or reusing
process materials (refer to Chapter 4,
Program 8 BMPs).
•• Purchase returnable or refillable
containers and mix only the amount of
material to be used in one shift.
•• Dispose and exchange any surplus
material through an ADOT-approved
vendor.
•• Store all pesticides in a secure area
under a roof or protective cover. Use a
sealed containment floor or spill containment pallets.
•• Consult the MSDS or label for specific handling instructions.
•• Post an employee MSDS Right-to-Know Information Center by or on the
storage buildings or storage modules used for pesticide storage.
•• Require the office responsible for storage and handling of pesticides at the
facility to have up-to-date MSDSs in that office for emergency response
personnel.
•• Place a warning placard on each building or storage module containing
pesticides or chemicals in accordance with Structural Pest Control Commission
rules. Use the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) coding system for
those materials being stored.
•• Stay away from storm drain inlets, watercourses, and sensitive waters when
handling pesticides.
•• Rotate pesticide material stocks.
•• Designate a spill response team; train team in spill response plan.
•• Use safety measures when spill and leaks occur per MSDSs.
•• Notify the Yard Supervisor, DEC, and OES in case of a reportable spill.
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•• Evaluate whether the spill response plan was successful or unsuccessful and
how it can be improved following any spills.
•• Ensure mixing sites are site-specific, are contained, and have water present.
Don’t

•• Clean equipment containing pesticides and herbicides in an uncontained area
or near storm drains or dry wells.

Maintain
•• Spill response drums or have kits available at storage sites (refer to Chapter 4,
Program 9 BMPs).
Inspect
•• Pesticide and herbicide storage facilities for leaking containers or broken bags
or boxes.
•• Pesticide and herbicide mixing areas for leaking or broken containers.

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PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE
Activity 6.3 – Liquid and Solid Deicer Management
Description
This activity applies at all facilities where liquid and solid deicer materials are stored or inventoried
and where snow is disposed of (dumped after transport from its original location). Proper handling
of liquid deicers (e.g., liquid magnesium chloride) and solid deicers (e.g., salt, sand, and cinders)
is required.
Applications and Limitations
Bulk deicer material must be stored on impervious, contained pads and not allowed to migrate
off-site.
Do

•• Designate storage areas away from
storm drains and watercourses.
•• Use safe handling techniques. Prevent
spills on ground.
•• Clean up any spills as soon as
possible.
•• Sweep any salt and sand material
spilled during loading/unloading back
into the storage building immediately.
•• Cover salt, preferably in a permanent,
roofed
structure,
to
prevent
precipitation from reaching it. If this is
not feasible, the next best solution is
a waterproof covering that is weighted
and tied down.
•• Close structure doors when loading/unloading is not taking place, including
intervals between multiple loading operations.
•• Store salt on an impermeable pad, not on the ground. Asphalt is the most
widely used material for pads because salt has little effect on it. However,
concrete is sometimes used. Concrete must be high-quality, air-entrained, and
treated with linseed oil or asphalt-type coatings to reduce chloride penetration
and prevent scaling or spalling (i.e., flaking).
•• Obtain storm drain markers and properly sign all storm drain inlets and dry well
grates in the vicinity, indicating that no dumping is allowed.
•• Enclose area or build berms or curbs around stockpile loading and unloading
areas.
•• Stormwater should not be allowed to contact and leach any contaminants out
of the materials and off ADOT property (refer to Chapter 3, Program 6, Activity
6.6 for material stockpiles).
•• Storage pads should slope to let water drain away. The water should be
channeled to a collection point or sump on ADOT property via ditches, pipes,
or tile. The collection point or sump must only contain salt water (no additional
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contaminants from the maintenance yard).
•• Transfer, use, and store deicing materials only in paved areas.
•• Minimize generation of dust.
•• Minimize track-out of stockpile materials to other areas of the site during loadout by installing track-out controls.
•• Reapply brine held in the collection point or sump to the stockpile, applied to
spreader loads prior to applications, or sent to a wastewater treatment plant
for disposal.
Don’t

•• Dispose of salt brine or liquid deicer into a septic system or sanitary sewer.

Maintain
•• Secondary containment for liquid deicer storage.
•• A limited inventory of materials on-site to reduce the magnitude of potential
spills and waste generation.
Inspect
•• Pump and sump prior to precipitation. If sump is ½ full, pump solution out of
sump into the holding tank, if applicable. Reapply to the stockpile or send to a
wastewater treatment center for disposal.
•• The holding tank and pump out if more than ⅔ full. Solution can be reapplied to
the stockpile or sent to a wastewater treatment center for disposal.
•• For spill residue in the secondary containment and remove if present (refer to
Chapter 3, Program 7 BMPs).
•• Containment basins and perimeter berms for any possible leaks or breaches.

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PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE
Activity 6.4 – Battery Storage
Description
Most new batteries are classified as hazardous materials because of the corrosive and/or toxic
nature of their components. Five battery types are currently in use by ADOT:
•• Car/motorcycle (lead-acid) batteries
•• Alkaline batteries
•• Non-alkaline rechargeable batteries such as nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd); nickel
metal hydride (Ni-MH), lithium ion (Li-ion)
•• Button batteries
•• Lithium batteries
Applications and Limitations
Batteries should be stored indoors.
Do

Don’t

•• Store all batteries away from drains in covered areas and off the natural
ground.
•• Use secondary containment for batteries.
•• Place batteries into a suitable non-conductive container that is labeled with an
accumulation start date.
•• Store batteries in such a way as to prevent damage or discharge of any stored
electrical energy. Immediately contain leaking or cracked batteries.
•• Protect batteries from contact or damage from vehicles, carts, and
equipment.
•• Store small non-alkaline rechargeable batteries in designated marked
containers.
•• Cover battery terminals to prevent short-circuits that may generate heat or
sparking.
•• Secure the fill caps and vents in place or seal (i.e., taped or capped) to prevent
leakage of the electrolyte for wet cell batteries,
•• Refer to Chapter 3, Program 7, Activity 7.11 for spent battery disposal
procedures.
•• Store batteries for more than 1 year.
•• Introduce the possibility of ignition materials in the areas around batteries.
•• Assume any battery is completely dry. Take storage precautions even after the
acid has been drained out.

Maintain
•• Battery storage areas free of debris.
•• Spill kits in close proximity to all battery storage areas.

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Inspect
•• Battery storage area for any leaks or cracked batteries.

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PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE
Activity 6.5 – Storage and Handling of Asphalt Paving Products
Description
Proper storage and handling of asphalt paving products, including emulsions, asphalt release
agents, and rubber materials.
Applications and Limitations
This activity covers storage and handling of petroleum-based asphalt paving products. See
Chapter 3, Program 6, Activities 6.6 and 6.7 for salvaged AC (millings) and pre-mix material.
Do

Don’t

•• Fill portable tanks at the vendor when feasible.
•• Label containers with product and hazard information.
•• Store products in designated, secured areas, protected from the weather and
extreme heat, cold, or moisture.
•• Store products away from floor drains, storm drain inlets, or watercourses.
•• Store products on impervious surfaces with secondary containment, if
feasible.
•• Locate containers and tanks outside of high-traffic areas and protected from
vehicle impacts.
•• Close valves when not in use. Place drip pans under valves, if needed.
•• Consider the use of an “environmentally friendly” biodegradable asphalt release
agent such as soy and corn oil-based products (refer to Chapter 4, Program 8
BMPs).
•• Handle open containers and product transfers in a manner to prevent spills
by using tarps, drip pans, or other containments. Fluid transfers should be
performed over an impervious surface, if possible.
•• Immediately clean up any spills or leaks. Locate spill equipment in close
proximity (refer to Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs).
•• Use diesel fuel as an asphalt release agent.
•• Store asphalt paving products directly on the ground surface.

Maintain
•• MSDSs on-site and ensure employees know the locations of the sheets.
Inspect
•• The containment area and individual containers for evidence of leaks, spills, or
other signs of deterioration.

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PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE
Activity 6.6 – Material Stockpile Management
Description
Haul and stockpile aggregate, chips, sand, salvaged AC pavement or cinders from a commercial
source, crusher location, borrow pit or mixing table, and/or borrow from any undesignated source
to a stockpile site.
Applications and Limitations
This activity applies to stockpiles located within the maintenance yard and at remote locations
within the R/W. If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to
determine whether a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to
Chapter 3, Program 2, Activity 2.6).
Do

Don’t

•• Locate stockpiles away from yard
perimeters,
concentrated
flows
of stormwater, storm drains, and
watercourses.
•• Obtain storm drain markers and
properly sign all storm drain inlets and
dry well grates in the vicinity, indicating
that no dumping is allowed.
•• Protect all stockpiles with a perimeter
sediment barrier such as compacted
earthen berms, concrete barriers,
dikes, silt fences, or sandbag barriers.
For semi-permanent stockpile sites,
install permanent berms or curbs.
•• Protect mixing tables from stormwater run-on using perimeter sediment barriers
such as berms, barriers, or curbs.
•• Check stockpiles after precipitation to ensure sediment is contained.
•• Evaluate and assess potential wind erosion protection practices, such as
spray crusting material or covers, based on wind conditions and/or regulatory
requirements.
•• Minimize track-out of stockpile materials to other areas of the site during loadout by installing track-out controls, if practicable.
•• Stockpile at just any location. Consolidate stockpiles and manage inventories.
•• Construct berms from unconsolidated stockpile material.

Maintain
•• All temporary perimeter controls such as silt fences.

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Inspect
•• BMPs and make repairs, replacements, and/or modifications as needed if
precipitation is predicted.
•• Stockpile areas for surface runoff and erosion.

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PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE
Activity 6.7 – Storage and Handling of Pre-mix Material
Description
Mixing pads - windrow mineral aggregate, apply asphalt, and mix.
Applications and Limitations
Mixing pads should be located in designated, controlled sites such as yards or material sources.
If working in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa counties, coordinate with the DEC to determine whether
a dust control permit will be required prior to commencing activities (refer to Chapter 3, Program
2, Activity 2.6).
Do

Don’t

•• Protect mixing tables from stormwater
run-on using perimeter sediment
barriers such as berms, barriers, or
curbs.
•• Locate
stockpiles
and
mixing
tables away from yard perimeters,
concentrated flows of stormwater,
storm drains, drainage courses, and
watercourses.
•• Locate stockpiles and mixing tables
on an impervious surface.
•• Limit exit and entry to the designated
site to pre-mix handling equipment
only.
•• Minimize track-out of pre-mix materials to other areas of the site during mixing,
loading, or unloading by cleaning exposed equipment prior to leaving the
location and by not driving in the re-mix material.
•• Allow off-site migration of pre-mix material.

Maintain
•• All site perimeters free from pre-mix migration.
Inspect
•• The site perimeter barrier damage on completion of each mixing, loading, or
unloading activity.

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PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE
Activity 6.8 – Storage and Handling of Bagged Bulk Materials
Description
Proper handling and storage of bagged bulk materials such as fertilizers, lime, and granular
agents.
Applications and Limitations
Storage indoors is recommended.
Do

Don’t

•• Store materials in a designated secured
area indoors or store outdoors in a
covered area or on covered (tarp or
sheeting) pallets.
•• Store in original containers or other
compatible containers or bags.
•• Store dry products away from liquids.
•• Store products away from the yard
perimeter, concentrated flows of
stormwater, watercourses, and floor
drains.
•• Minimize the generation of spillage by
completely using the entire container or
bag before opening another one.
•• Clean up spills immediately using dry methods such as sweeping; use new
product and reuse spilled material (refer to Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs).
•• Locate mixing and loading areas so spills can be contained.
•• Hose down the storage site.
•• Use equipment with the potential to puncture bags or boxes.

Maintain
•• Spill control equipment in close proximity to the site.
•• An orderly storage area.
Inspect
•• For spills or damaged bags or boxes.

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PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE
Activity 6.9 – Storage and Handling of Construction Materials
Description
Proper handling and storage of construction materials such as beams, culverts, guardrail, nontreated lumber, signs, and concrete barriers.
Applications and Limitations
Proper, orderly storage of construction materials promotes good housekeeping practices and
discourages creation of “boneyards.”
Do

Don’t

•• Locate storage areas so that yard
drainage is maintained and standing
water does not accumulate and
damage construction materials.
•• Store materials in a designated area
and in an orderly manner.
•• Segregate materials by type for easy
use.
•• Reuse and recycle construction
materials.
•• Dispose of unwanted materials
promptly.
•• Bury unused construction materials on-site without a construction debris landfill
permit.

Maintain
•• Inventories and manage them to minimize time material is stored on-site.
Inspect
•• For accumulation of unusable items.
•• For deterioration and rust.

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PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE
Activity 6.10 – Concrete (Portland Cement) Management
Description
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater drains and watercourses from concrete
waste by conducting truck and equipment washout in a designated area.
Applications and Limitations
This activity includes compliance with a general APP permit (1.12). Requirements are incorporated
in the following BMPs.
Do

•• Store dry and wet materials under
cover, away from drainage areas.
•• Collect and return sweepings from
exposed aggregate concrete to correct
stockpiles or dispose of as solid waste.
•• Block all storm drain inlets and dry wells
in the vicinity of the concrete activity.
•• Designate concrete washout area.
•• Dispose of washout within the fence post
hole when cleaning small equipment
such as buckets, wheelbarrows, or
mixers.
•• Ensure that washout materials are
properly contained in concrete washout
areas, including those generated by hand tools, mechanical mixers, and
concrete delivery vehicles.
•• Contain concrete washout in prefabricated containers or washout
impoundments, which must meet the following criteria:
%% Clear vegetation, grub, and compact the soil base of the impoundment to
uniform density not less than 95 percent. If the impoundment is located
above grade, the berms or dikes are compacted to a uniform density of not
less than 95 percent.
%% Line the impoundment with a synthetic liner at least 30 mm thick if groundwater
is less than 20 feet below land surface.
%% Locate impoundment at least 50 feet from any storm drain inlet, dry well,
open drainage facility, or watercourse and 100 feet from any water supply
well.
%% Design and operate to maintain adequate impoundment freeboard to prevent
overflow or discharge of wastewater.
%% Ensure that the impoundment receives only concrete washout wastewater.

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Don’t

•• Mix excess amounts of concrete.
•• Allow sweepings to be dumped into the street or storm drains.

Inspect
•• Concrete washouts for leaks and adequate freeboard.
•• Storage area for spills and damaged bags.

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PROGRAM 6 – MATERIAL-SPECIFIC HANDLING AND STORAGE
Activity 6.11 – Management of Treated Timbers
Description
Handling of timbers treated with creosote, pentachlorophenol, and chrominated copper arsenate
to prevent leaching of contaminants to surface and groundwater.
Applications and Limitations
This activity prevents leaching of timber treatment chemicals onto the land surface in yards or
facilities where the timbers are stored in large quantities.
Do

Don’t

•• Designate storage area.
•• Keep quantities to a minimum.
•• Reuse treated timbers that are in good
condition, when possible.
•• Use alternatives to treated timbers,
such as steel and concrete, when
working near watercourses.
•• Store on pallets or on impervious
surfaces.
•• Cover timber, when feasible.
•• Store treated timbers in contact with
the ground.
•• Burn treated timbers or use them for mulch.
•• Allow stormwater to leave designated storage area if stormwater has contacted
treated timbers.

Maintain
•• Timber stockpiles in an orderly manner.
Inspect
•• For pooled water or poor drainage in storage area.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE
Activity 7.0 – Solid Waste Storage and Disposal
Description
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater or watercourses by effective
management of solid waste. Primary approaches include educating and training employees and
subcontractors, emphasizing proper material use, source reduction, tracking waste generation and
disposal practices, identifying and implementing proper material storage, recycling procedures,
preventing stormwater contact and runoff from waste management areas, and ensuring good
waste disposal procedures.
Applications and Limitations
This activity is not intended to address site assessments and pre-existing contamination on-site.
This activity does not address facility or structure demolition activities such as asbestos removal.
A licensed hazardous waste hauler must dispose of hazardous waste that cannot be reused or
recycled.
Do

•• Segregate wastes and maintain
waste accumulation sites in an orderly
manner.
•• Recycle or reuse solid waste as much
as possible.
•• Use proper Dumpsters (plug drain
holes) with lids.
•• Bag waste and tie off.
•• Keep lids closed on Dumpsters when
not adding waste.
•• Provide and maintain overhead
coverage or tarps for materials not
stored within a trash Dumpster.
•• Locate waste storage areas away from
the yard perimeter, concentrated flows
of stormwater, drainage courses, watercourses, storm drains, or dry wells.
•• Avoid overfilling Dumpsters, and keep area around containers clean.
•• Ensure that only appropriate solid wastes are added to the solid waste
container.
•• Sweep up the area.
•• Provide trash cans. Post visible “No dumping or littering” signs around the
property.
•• Dispose of damaged construction materials with no further value as solid
waste.
•• Have a licensed asbestos-handling firm evaluate damaged asbestoscontaining concrete pipe for disposal. Contact ADOT Safety & Health and OES
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for assistance.
•• Have Dumpsters cleaned at the leasing facility, if possible. If ADOT personnel
must clean Dumpsters, wash at designated wash facilities equipped with oil/
water separators that discharge to sanitary sewers.
Don’t

•• Bury wastes on-site.
•• Overfill the containers.
•• Hose down the site.

Maintain
•• All trash containers in good condition. Replace as needed. Make sure that lids
close.
Inspect
•• Solid waste disposal site and containers for deterioration or spills.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE
Activity 7.1 – Construction Demolition and Debris Removal
Description
Disposition of debris from remodeling or construction, including concrete.
Applications and Limitations
Regulated materials produced from demolition or remodeling must be correctly disposed of by
qualified ADOT personnel or contractors. Contact ADOT Safety and Health and OES for further
guidance on asbestos-containing and other regulated material disposal. See also Chapters 6–8,
Demolition, Salvage, Asbestos/Abatement Procedures of the ADOT Right-of-Way Procedures
Manual, July 2006 for major demolition activities. If 5 acres or more is disturbed (and not fully
contained), prepare a SWPPP (refer to Chapter 1).
Do

•• Contact OES to ensure National
Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAP) notification
occurs, if applicable, prior to
demolition.
•• Evaluate the site prior to demolition
activity to plan containment of potential
sediment and other pollutant runoff.
•• Construct trenches, berms, and
other controls as applicable around
the perimeter of the site to contain
potential pollutants.
•• Install storm drain inlet protection,
as necessary, prior to commencing
demolition activities:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets and dry wells by capping and covering with
waterproof material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc., to
keep sediment or other contaminants out of the storm drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the activity is complete and until all water has
drained, evaporated, or been otherwise controlled.
%% Remove any debris from covered dry wells and storm drain inlets when the
activity is complete.
•• Evaluate concrete debris for asbestos content and other regulated materials. A
regulated materials handling plan should be prepared.
•• Properly dispose of construction waste in permitted construction debris
landfills.

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Don’t

•• Bury unused construction materials on-site without a construction debris landfill
permit.
•• Store or stockpile construction debris near stormwater flows, dry wells, storm
drain inlets, or outfalls.

Maintain
•• Perimeter controls.
•• Regulated waste disposal paperwork on-site for a minimum of 3 years.
Inspect
•• Work site continuously during demolition or remodeling to ensure proper
disposal of wastes and maintenance of perimeter controls and containments.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE
Activity 7.2 – Highway Debris Management
Description
This activity is intended to address storing, using, and disposing of highway debris. Highway
debris includes, but is not limited to, litter and trash; sweepings; cleanings from catch basins,
sumps, or stormwater facilities; ditching materials; landslide debris; used sand and gravel; and
asphalt grindings.
Applications and Limitations
It is recommended that each District develop a Highway Debris Management Plan for specific
highway debris. These plans should identify how specific highway debris will be managed on the
local level (designated landfills, waste stream profiles, and contacts, etc.). Site-specific waste
management protocols should be included. The protocols should be developed and implemented
with assistance from ADOT OES. Collected highway debris should be characterized prior to
developing the plans. Products should be stored in designated areas in an orderly manner. Handle
suspected blood-borne (visible blood) pathogen-containing debris and urine bottles according
to ADOT Safety Exposure Control Policy SAF 3.01 (http://spweb/intranet/adot/viewPDF.asp?tx
tPolicyTrackID=T000000379). Handle suspected methamphetamine waste in accordance with
the Adopt a Highway Safety Briefing (http://www.azdot.gov/Highways/AdoptAHwy/PDF/Safety_
Requirements.pdf).
Do

•• Sort and characterize highway debris
for potential pollutants if the material
is being managed for reuse (e.g., fill,
shoulder buildup, or grindings from
removal of highway striping paint).
•• Locate storage areas within the
boundaries of the maintenance yard,
stockpile site, or at other locations
with written permission of the owner
(i.e., lease or other agreement).
•• Use trees or landscaping to screen
highway debris from the public
and minimize impacts on adjacent
landowners, where available.
•• Locate temporary storage piles away from storm drain inlets, dry wells,
watercourses, and sensitive waters (refer to Chapter 4, Program 8 BMPs).
•• Implement erosion control, pollution reduction, and/or sediment reduction
measures where appropriate (refer to the ADOT Erosion and Pollution Control
Manual for Highway Design and Construction for additional guidance).
•• Store highway debris with known or suspected high levels of pollutants in
a manner that protects the surrounding soil and watercourses (e.g., store
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••
••
••
••
••
••
••
Don’t

material on plastic sheeting, paved surfaces, or under cover) prior to waste
characterization. If the material is characterized as a hazardous waste, arrange
proper containment and disposal.
Manage hazardous materials or wastes by contracted professionals. Contact
ADOT Health and Safety through the Traffic Operations Center for emergency
or abandoned hazardous materials or waste issues.
Screen litter and trash initially and remove items intended for disposal or
recycling.
Screen street sweepings and trash for regulated pollutants to be properly
disposed of in a permitted landfill.
Separate catch basin and culvert cleanings into solid and liquid components
prior to disposal.
Recycle brush and woody debris, including grass clippings, as per ADOT
practices.
Reuse sand and gravel from winter maintenance activities. Screening and/or
washing may be needed prior to reuse. Quick pickup of used sand and gravel
reduces the need for screening and washing.
Dispose of used sand and gravel that is not actively managed for reuse at
permitted waste management facilities.

•• Store or stockpile highway debris near dry wells, storm drain inlets, watercourses,
or areas of environmental importance.

Maintain
•• Regulated waste disposal paperwork on-site for a minimum of 3 years.
•• Perimeter and other stormwater controls.
•• Debris stockpiles in an orderly manner.
Inspect
•• Stockpile sites for highway debris, standing water, drainage problems, and
pollutant generation.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
regulated waste
Activity 7.3 – oily waste Management
Description
Proper disposal of used oil products. Used oil products include the following:
•• Spent industrial oil, including compressor, turbine, and bearing oil
•• Spent hydraulic oils
•• Spent lubricating fluids, which have been removed from the engine, crankcase,
transmission, gearbox, power steering, power takeoff, or differential of
automobiles, trucks, buses, heavy equipment, or machinery powered by
internal combustion engines
•• Used oil filters
•• Used floor sweep
Note: Additional guidance on Used Oil Management may be found in the ADOT Equipment
Services BMP Manual.
Applications and Limitations
This activity applies to uncontaminated oily wastes, which are considered non-hazardous wastes
as long as they are not mixed with hazardous wastes and oil filters (except terne-plated filters,
which are considered hazardous). When shipped off-site for recycling or refining using an ADOTapproved contractor, the shipment must be documented using a bill of lading.
Do

•• Practice safe management of oily
wastes. Wear protective equipment
such as safety glasses and gloves.
•• Place used oil into designated, labeled
(Used Oil), non-leaking, rust-resistant,
metal containers (e.g., steel drums) for
accumulation. Secondary containment
will be used.
•• Always store used oil in secure areas
safely away from workers and the
environment.
•• Locate storage areas indoors or under
cover away from storm drains and
watercourses.
•• Require that the oil transfer area be on an impervious surface or that a tarp be
placed on the ground to catch any spills.
•• Minimize the amount of used oil produced. Consider filtering, separating, and
reconditioning used oil to prolong its usable life.
•• Purchase refined used oil products instead of virgin oil products.
•• Recycle or reclaim the free-flowing used oil when changing equipment oil or
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recovering oil from spills such as hydraulic line leaks.
•• Keep containers closed, except when adding or emptying. Use self-closing
funnels to add material to waste containers.
•• Hot-drain used oil filters and store for recycling in a separate, closed, labeled
fireproof container away from storm drain inlets and watercourses (refer to the
ADOT Equipment Services BMP Manual for hot-draining procedures).
•• Remove all free-flowing oil to the used oil container. Rags and absorbents,
including wash rack filters that are used to wipe up oil from equipment leaks
or spills, are not subject to used oil and hazardous waste regulation if there is
no visible free-flowing oil or hazardous substances present (refer to Chapter 3,
Program 7, Activity 7.13).
•• Retain all shipping and used oil testing records on-site and provide an electronic
copy to ADOT Environmental Fuel Systems and Scales Management.
•• Clean up spills when and where they occur with dry methods.
Don’t

•• Mix used oil with anything. Used oil contaminated with hazardous substances
becomes a hazardous waste.
•• Dispose of oily or auto fluids in an oil/water separator, clarifier, septic tank, trash
bin, storm drain, on the ground, in the water, at a landfill, or by open burning.
•• Utilize used oil to control weeds or insect pests or to oil roads for dust control.
Used oil should never be applied to the land surface or watercourses.

Maintain
•• Spill kits in close proximity to all maintenance activities and chemical storage
(refer to Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs).
Inspect
•• Oily waste storage areas for leaks and spills.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
regulated waste
Activity 7.4 – Oily Residues from Clarifiers and Oil/Water Separators
Description
Clarifiers are uncomplicated water treatment systems that separate sediments and floating oily
liquids from wastewater. Clarifiers are used to pre-treat the wastewater from ADOT vehicle washdown areas before this waste is discharged to the sanitary sewer. Oil/water separators treat vehicle
and floor wash water by allowing substances lighter than water to float and substances heavier
than water to sink. Many oil/water separators also have baffles, coalescers, and oil skimmers to
speed up or enhance separation of these substances.
Applications and Limitations
Refueling areas, washing facilities, parking lots, streets, driveways, and truck loading areas are
potential sources for clarifiers and oil/water separators. Individual local sewer districts may require
industrial wastewater discharge permits for discharges from this equipment. The residues from
clarifiers and oils/water separators must be tested by an analytical laboratory to create a waste
profile. Depending on the results, these residues may need to be managed as hazardous wastes
because they may contain oil, grease, and heavy metals such as lead, zinc, and/or nickel. Removal
by an ADOT-approved hazardous waste disposal firm may be required. A Uniform Hazardous
Waste Manifest must be used to document the transportation.
Do

•• Pump out clarifiers and oil/water
separators at least annually or
more frequently if required by local
requirements. Document pumping
activities.
•• Clean up any spillage after clarifier and
oil/water separator is pumped out.
•• Use only floor wash-down or vehicle
washing wastewater for oil/water
separators.
Oil/water
separators
must not be used to collect spills or
concentrated wastes and should not
be used to treat stormwater runoff.
•• Minimize the amount of solids, oils, and wash water that enters the oil/water
separator.
•• Keep solids out of vehicle and floor wash water to reduce oil/water separator
sludge. Install progressively finer grates and screens over the drains to the oil/
water separator to maximize solids separation.
•• Use oil-only absorbents to separate and recycle oil from the oil/water
separator.
•• Use microbes to digest oil in your oil/water separator, if recommended by
manufacturer.
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•• Retain all waste profiles, laboratory results, and manifest records on-site.
A copy must be sent to ADOT Environmental Fuel Systems and Scales
Management.
Don’t

•• Wash with detergents.
•• Discharge water treated with oil/water separators or clarifiers to a municipal
sewer system unless the wastewater treatment plant or municipality has
approved the disposal.

Maintain
•• Proper water level in separators to prevent pass-through of oils and other
floatables.
Inspect
•• To ensure oil/water separators and clarifiers are functioning and measure the
level of fullness to avoid reduced performance and discharges of untreated
water into the sanitary sewer.
•• If the clarifier is 75% or more full of accumulated sludge and oil residues, or if it
appears it will achieve this level before the next monthly inspection, the clarifier
will be pumped out.
•• The clarifier will be pumped out promptly if it contains measurable floating
hydrocarbons.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
regulated waste
Activity 7.5 – Waste Tires
Description
Proper management of used tires. Tires can be retreaded or reprocessed into rubber products,
rubberized asphalt, or adhesives.
Applications and Limitations
This activity allows limited storage of waste tires (fewer than 100 tires) under controlled conditions
only until the tires can be recycled or otherwise disposed of.
Do

Don’t

•• Designate storage away from storm
drain inlets and watercourses.
•• Recycle or dispose of scrap tires and
tire materials to reduce the number
of tires on-site. Establish a recycling
pickup or disposal schedule.
•• Store tires in one location on your
property, preferably indoors. If you
must store them outside, store them
under cover and protected from the
weather.
•• Train employees in emergency
response operations in case of a
fire involving the scrap tires, paying
particular attention to where firefighting runoff water will go.
•• Install perimeter runoff controls if the storage area is located near the site
perimeter.
•• Store more than 100 waste tires or their equivalent in waste tire materials on the
property at any one time. This will trigger additional regulatory requirements.
•• Store tires in an area that is wet, oily, or greasy.
•• Store tires near electric motors, other ozone-generating sources, or other
potential sources of ignition.
•• Store tires on black asphalt or similar heat-absorbent surfaces.
•• Store tires on highly reflective surfaces such as sand or snow.
•• Store tires within 3 feet of the property line.
•• Store tires over 20 feet in height.
•• Dispose of whole scrap tires in a landfill.

Maintain
•• All records obtained from the registered scrap tire hauler and all records
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obtained from the disposal location.
•• A fire lane around the pile.
Inspect
•• The tire storage area for drainage problems.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
regulated waste
Activity 7.6 – Dewatering of Material Containment Facilities and
Structures
Description
Discharge of accumulated stormwater and sediments in scale pits, manholes, basins, vaults,
containments, etc.
Applications and Limitations
Accumulated stormwater within containments may be discharged as long as it is tested by an
authorized facility or environmental personnel first using a Spilfyter kit or similar test method to
determine whether the containment water has been contaminated with substances other than
stormwater. If the water fails the test, contact the DEC and OES.
Do

Don’t

•• Conduct field screening using Spilfyter
or similar test method.
•• Record test results in a log book.
•• Retain discharge water, which has
been tested by an authorized facility or
environmental personnel and is within
the allowable range, on ADOT property.
The discharged water may be used to
water landscape plants, large planters,
and turf areas or it may be disposed of
at on-site retention basins.
•• Remove and replace contaminated oilabsorbent materials (pillows, donuts,
etc.) to all scale containments during the routine 3-month scale certification
inspection. Removed oil-absorbent materials will be stored in closed, marked
containers until the annual waste disposal is scheduled, when they will be
removed for disposal by an ADOT-approved waste disposal firm.
•• Allow water to enter dry wells or storm drains.

Maintain
•• All disposal and testing records on-site and provide an electronic copy to
OES.
•• Scale pits, storm drain inlets, basins, vaults, and containments free of debris
and sediments.
•• Oil-absorbent materials (pillows) in scale containments.

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Inspect
•• Containments to determine whether oil-absorbent materials should be
replaced.
•• Scale pits, storm drain inlets, basins, vaults, dry wells, and containments.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
regulated waste
Activity 7.7 – Chemical Waste Disposal
Description
Disposal of spent chemicals. Spent chemicals can be categorized as either hazardous or nonhazardous waste.
Applications and Limitations
Waste profiles and disposal histories for generated waste streams should be updated and records
retained on-site with an electronic copy sent to OES. New profiles should be developed for any
new waste streams. The categorization is made by testing the waste product for hazardous
characteristics or by referencing an MSDS to produce a waste profile for the specific waste. For
example, you may use an MSDS that shows that the flashpoint of the substance is below 140
degrees Fahrenheit and is, therefore, hazardous for flammability.
Do

•• Perform safe management practices for all chemical
wastes. Wear protective equipment such as safety glasses
and gloves. Follow MSDS or label directions.
•• Consult the waste product waste profile (see description)
to determine whether the waste product is hazardous or
non-hazardous. If uncertain, contact OES for assistance.
If the waste product is hazardous, contain the waste in a
compatible container; label the container, and remove it to
the hazardous waste containment area for disposal by a
qualified ADOT hazardous materials contractor (notify the
ADOT Yard Supervisor). The accumulation start date must
also be clearly marked.
•• Consider reuse, recycling, evaporation of the free liquid,
disposal as solid waste, or disposal to the sanitary sewer
system if the waste product is non-hazardous and approved or otherwise
permitted by the municipal sewer system. Contact OES for further guidance
as necessary.
•• Implement Chapter 4, Program 8 BMPs to minimize the use of hazardous
chemicals and to substitute non-hazardous chemicals for hazardous
chemicals.
•• Reuse and recycle solvents, paints, antifreeze, motor oil, water, and lubricants
whenever possible and practicable.
•• Segregate wastes. Combining different types of waste can be dangerous and
will limit your recycling options.
•• Keep containers that have wastes that could react with each other separated
by a physical barrier, such as a dike, berm, or wall, or by a safe distance.
•• Locate your waste storage site indoors or outdoors on a covered, impervious
surface. Make sure your waste storage area is clearly marked.
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•• Evaluate the location of the waste storage area with respect to floor drains, storm
drains, drywells, electrical service panels, heat sources, customer/employee
walkways, building access/egress by the public, and physical damage such
as that caused by forklifts or other equipment. Emphasize site security and
protection from fire and vandalism.
•• Provide secondary containment for all containers holding liquid wastes (110
percent of the volume of the largest single container).
•• Keep adequate aisle space for unobstructed movement of emergency
equipment and personnel.
•• Store drums on pallets to facilitate inspections for leaks.
•• Check all containers at least once a week to ensure that they are not leaking or
rusting and that they have no bulges. Repair leaks immediately.
•• Close all containers except when adding or removing waste.
•• Empty all containers and send empty drums to the vendor for reconditioning.
•• Only accumulate up to 2,200 pounds (5 drums) of hazardous waste on-site
before arranging for disposal.
•• Stop and contain the leak or spill immediately; repair or replace the container
(refer to Chapter 4, Program 9 BMPs).
•• Immediately protect floor drains, storm drains and dry wells from spills.
Don’t

•• Place incompatible chemical wastes that could react with each other in the
same container.
•• Mix other wastes with used oil.
•• Dispose of any waste chemical products to storm drains, dry wells, sanitary
sewers, or septic systems.

Maintain
•• Clean and orderly waste storage areas.
•• Spill response equipment in close proximity to the waste storage area.
Inspect
•• Waste storage areas and containers for leaks.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
regulated waste
Activity 7.8 – Paint Disposal
Description
Proper management of used paint supplies.
Applications and Limitations
Oil-based paints, lead-based paints, and those containing solvents may be regulated as hazardous
waste. Latex paints are considered non-hazardous (refer to Chapter 3, Program 6, Activity 6.0).
Do

Don’t

•• Consult the waste product waste
profile to determine whether the paint
is hazardous or non-hazardous. If the
paint is hazardous, contain the waste
paint in a compatible container, label
the container, and remove it to the
hazardous waste containment area
for disposal by a qualified ADOT
hazardous waste contractor (notify
the ADOT Yard Supervisor). The
accumulation start date must also be
clearly marked. Air-drying of hazardous
paint is not allowed.
•• Store non-hazardous, unused paint in an open container until solid. Solid paint
residue from non-lead-based paints may be disposed of as solid waste.
•• Store all waste paint away from storm drains and watercourses.
•• Store waste paint in secondary containment.
•• Store waste paints indoors or under cover whenever possible.
•• Dispose of absorbents that have been used to clean up non-hazardous paints
as solid waste.
•• Filter and reuse thinners and solvents used for cleanup, if possible. Dispose of
any residue as hazardous waste.
•• Wipe non-hazardous (water-based latex) paints out of brushes and sprayers
with absorbents. Rinse to sanitary sewer.
•• Sweep up non-hazardous paint scrapings and sand blasting residue and
dispose of as solid waste. Hazardous paint scrapings and sand blasting
(including lead-based paint) must be disposed of as hazardous waste.
•• Dispose of potentially hazardous paints or absorbents as solid waste.

Maintain
•• Only enough paint in the facility inventory to meet immediate needs. Limit and
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control “special orders” of paints. Limit use of hazardous paints.
•• Records of hazardous paint disposal.
Inspect
•• Paint storage areas and completed work areas for discarded paint materials
and leaks.
•• Secondary containment for stormwater and dispose of water properly if
present.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
regulated waste
Activity 7.9 – Aerosol Can Disposal
Description
Proper disposal of aerosol cans.
Applications and Limitations
Identify materials that should be treated as hazardous or non-hazardous.
Do

Don’t

•• Consult the waste product waste profile to determine whether the waste
product is hazardous or non-hazardous. If the waste product is hazardous,
contain the waste product in a compatible container, label the container, and
remove it to the hazardous waste containment area for disposal by a qualified
ADOT hazardous materials contractor (notify the ADOT Yard Supervisor). The
accumulation start date must also be clearly marked.
•• Aspirate all propellant, or use an approved puncture system to empty spray
cans. Spent aerosol cans that are not punctured or aspirated are considered
partly full and must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Punctured or aspirated
cans may be disposed of in the trash or recycled.
•• Recycle empty, used aerosol cans that contained non-hazardous material.
•• Throw spray cans into the trash if they contain ignitable or chlorinated solvents
(like many older degreasers). These cans should be treated as hazardous
waste.
•• Throw broken or partially full spray cans in the trash. If a spray tip or any other
item breaks or malfunctions, treat the can as hazardous waste.

Maintain
•• Only enough paint in the facility inventory to meet immediate needs. Limit and
control “special orders” of paints.
•• Records of hazardous paint disposal.
Inspect
•• Trash to confirm that all aerosol cans have been punctured and drained or
aspirated.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
regulated waste
Activity 7.10 – Electrical Waste Handling
Description
Proper management of used lamps, ballasts, mercury thermostats, and emergency lights.
Applications and Limitations
Fluorescent and other high-intensity discharge lamps and thermostats can contain mercury,
cadmium, and lead that make these wastes regulated as “universal wastes.” They must be
recycled or sent for disposal to a regulated landfill under controlled conditions. Lamp ballasts may
contain PCBs, which must be managed as hazardous waste.
Do

Don’t

•• Recycle these items to the extent possible.
•• Contain the electrical waste in a compatible, covered container, label the
container, and remove it to the hazardous or universal waste containment area
for disposal by a qualified ADOT hazardous waste contractor. The accumulation
start date must also be clearly marked.
•• Provide spill kits near the containment area with materials capable of handling
liquid mercury. Contact OES in case of a spill.
•• Locate electrical waste containment areas indoors or in a covered area away
from stormwater drains.
•• Ensure safe storage and handling in a manner that avoids breakage.
•• If bulbs are broken, isolate the area. Use proper protective equipment when
cleaning up broken bulbs (gloves). Sweep broken materials into a container
unless liquid mercury is present. Mercury beads must be pushed into a plastic
dust pan and carefully transferred to an airtight plastic container. Remove all
wastes to the waste containment area. Dispose of any contaminated cleanup
materials with the broken bulbs. Ventilate the breakage area.
•• Locate containers of regulated electrical wastes where they would be subject
to damage and breakage.
•• Handle mercury or PCB-containing wastes if not properly trained.

Maintain
•• A clean and orderly waste storage area.
•• Disposal records.
Inspect
•• Waste storage area.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
regulated waste
Activity 7.11 – Spent Battery Management
Description
Recycling and disposal of spent batteries and electrolytes.
Applications and Limitations
For large shipments of used batteries or electrolytes, refer to the ADOT Equipment Services BMP
Manual and arrange shipment through an ADOT-approved battery transporter (refer to Chapter 3,
Program 6, Activity 6.4 for battery storage).
Do

•• Store in containments on an impervious
surface, covered, and away from storm
drains and watercourses.
•• Recycle batteries of all types whenever
feasible.
•• Follow safety policies and procedures
for working with batteries, including
wearing the appropriate protective
equipment, such as rubber gloves,
aprons, overshoes, and splash-proof
goggles to prevent exposure. Do
not wear clothing that causes static
electricity.
•• Familiarize yourself with the locations and proper use of emergency equipment,
especially eyewash and absorbents, prior to working with batteries.
•• Package spent batteries in the cartons used from the shipment of the
replacement cells.
•• Cover battery terminals to prevent short-circuits that may generate heat or
sparking.
•• Secure in place or seal (i.e., taped or capped) the fill caps and vents to prevent
leakage of the electrolyte for wet cell batteries.
•• Place batteries into a suitable non-conductive container that is labeled with an
accumulation start date.
•• Use the services of an ADOT-approved contractor when electrolyte must be
extracted from batteries. Electrolyte from oversized or damaged batteries must
be drained as needed to facilitate their safe transportation. The electrolyte must
be neutralized at a permitted hazardous waste treatment facility.
•• Transport no more than 10 batteries at a time in a vehicle to an ADOT battery
collection center.
•• Physically separate batteries from other hazardous material being transported
in the same vehicle.
•• Block, brace, or otherwise secure any other material loaded in the same vehicle
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as batteries to prevent contact with, or damage to, batteries.
Don’t

•• Place batteries on the ground surface.

Maintain
•• A used battery inventory with date of disposal.
•• Spill kits in close proximity to all battery storage areas (refer to Chapter 4,
Program 9 BMPs).
Inspect
•• Batteries for cracks or damage before handling.
•• Containment areas for the presence of stormwater. If water is present, dispose
of water properly

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
regulated waste
Activity 7.12 – Used Antifreeze Handling
Description
Most antifreeze/coolant is made of water and ethylene or propylene glycol. Arizona classifies
used antifreeze as non-hazardous waste if it is being recycled under controlled conditions.
Applications and Limitations
Antifreeze may be recycled in an on-site unit, a mobile collection unit, or removed for recycling by
an approved ADOT contractor. A bill of lading or other shipping papers must be used to document
the shipment of used antifreeze from the generating locations to a permitted recycling or treatment
facility.
Do

Don’t

•• Designate storage area away from
storm drains and watercourses.
•• Place used antifreeze into a closedtop plastic or metal drum within
secondary containment. Clearly label
the outside of the drum (or secondary
containment) with the words “Used
Antifreeze.”
•• Keep the container closed at all times
except when adding or emptying.
•• Use self-closing funnels to add
materials to waste containers.
•• Clean up spills immediately.
•• Mix used antifreeze with any other waste or chemicals, such as solvents,
cooling system flushes, or oils.
•• Dispose of used antifreeze to storm or floor drains.

Maintain
•• On-site recycling units in good condition.
•• Shipping records to demonstrate that your used antifreeze/coolant has been
properly handled if shipped off-site.
•• Spill response materials in close proximity to the storage area (refer to Chapter
4, Program 9 BMPs).
Inspect
•• The used antifreeze storage area for leaks or spills.

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PROGRAM 7 – WASTE DISPOSAL AND DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
regulated waste
Activity 7.13 – Used Rags, Cloths, and Coveralls Disposal
Description
Disposal of fabric wipes, wash rack filters, and coveralls containing non-hazardous used oil and
paints, etc.
Applications and Limitations
Fabric wipes, wash rack filters, and coveralls contaminated with non-hazardous chemicals or oily
wastes may be managed as solid waste under controlled conditions.
Do

Don’t

•• Wring all free liquids from the fabric
into the waste container for the waste
product.
•• Store soiled rags, cloths, filters, and
coveralls in fire-resistant labeled
containers away from storm drains, dry
wells, floor drains, and watercourses.
•• Evaluate using a recycling firm for
laundering and returning rags.
•• Mix solvents, antifreeze, caustics,
or any other regulated chemicals in
absorbents, filters, or rags.
•• Dispose of rags with free liquid in container.

Maintain
•• Storage area in a neat and orderly manner.
Inspect
•• Used wipe and coverall storage areas to ensure proper containment of
materials.

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CHAPTER 4
GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

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PROGRAM 8 – GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES
Activity 8.0 – Scheduling and Planning
Description
Reduce the discharge of pollutants to the storm drain system or to watercourses as a result of
proper planning of maintenance activities.
Applications and Limitations
At a minimum, these BMPs should be used for all maintenance projects with the potential to
release stormwater pollutants, especially those located in close proximity to areas of environmental
importance.
Do

Don’t

•• Plan and schedule all maintenance
activities in a manner that considers
the use and installation of BMPs prior
to the start of the activity. Recognize
how the activity will affect stormwater
so that the proper BMPs can be placed
or used at the proper time.
•• Plan ahead when working near storm
drain inlets, dry wells, watercourses,
and sensitive waters. They may need
a higher level of awareness and
protection.
•• Locate and pre-treat invasive species
before ground-disturbing activities.
Locate staging areas and water access sites in weed-free areas. Inspect
all equipment used in weed-infested areas and remove all attached plant/
vegetation debris prior to leaving the maintenance site.
•• Know where the flow of a leak, spill, or other runoff could go.
•• Identify drain inlets, dry wells, and watercourses upstream and downstream of
the work site.
•• Clean all vehicles and equipment prior to the start of the activity and maintain
in good operating condition.
•• Designate areas for fueling and equipment repair away from storm drains and
watercourses in accordance with Chapter 3, Program 3.0, Activities 3.0 and
3.1.
•• Set up the work area to minimize the tracking of material by vehicles and
equipment in or out of the work area.
•• Forget to order BMP supplies well in advance of the project.
•• Impact stormwater adversely by scheduling maintenance activities during the
rainy season and prior to forecasted storm events.
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Maintain
•• Prescribed BMPs for all routine activities.
Inspect
•• Site prior to starting the activity to ensure all BMPs are in place.
•• Vehicles and equipment by performing a thorough pre-operational inspection.
•• Stormwater drainage area for erosion. Additional BMP implementation may be
necessary if erosion is identified.

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PROGRAM 8 – GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES
Activity 8.1 – Preventive Maintenance
Description
Conduct routine maintenance on equipment and facilities to prevent deterioration from prolonged
use or physically adverse conditions.
Applications and Limitations
Adhere to preventive maintenance schedules for specific equipment and facilities.
Do

Don’t

•• Keep work sites clean and orderly.
•• Ensure that any vehicles and equipment stored at the yard are working properly
and are not leaking.
•• Ensure that barriers, tarps, and any other physical structures are in place and
functioning properly.
•• Ensure that equipment, especially fuel-filled equipment and equipment that is
used infrequently (e.g., generators and compressors), is working properly.
•• Ensure leaky or leak-prone vehicles and equipment are staged in appropriate
designated areas.
•• Drain automotive fluids from vehicles and equipment staged for long periods
on the site when possible.
•• Ensure that all erosion and sediment controls are clear of debris and functioning
properly.
•• Correct erosion and remove sedimentation in the early stages to prevent severe
erosion and sediment accumulation.
•• Install additional riprap or other erosion controls in areas exhibiting erosion.
•• Obtain storm drain markers and properly sign all storm drain inlets and dry well
grates in the vicinity, indicating that no dumping is allowed.
•• Forget to prepare for seasonal weather conditions (precipitation) ahead of
time.

Maintain
••
••
••
••
••
••

Site perimeter controls.
Limited site access with fences and locking gates.
Aboveground storage tanks in proper working order.
Fuel pumps and automatic shut valves in proper working order.
Equipment in good repair way from storm drains and watercourses.
Dikes and berms to control stormwater runoff.

Inspect
•• For leaks or conditions that could lead to a discharge of chemicals or stormwater
contact with raw materials, intermediate materials, waste, waste materials, or
products. Repair all leaks immediately.
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•• Check for spill residues in secondary containments and remove if present.
•• Inspect, repair, and clean secondary containment systems, tanks, and piping.

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PROGRAM 8 – GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES
Activity 8.2 – Product Substitution and Inventory Control
Description
A variety of products may be harmful to the environment. In some cases, a less harmful product,
commonly referred to as a safer alternative product, can be used for the same purpose. Safer
alternative products should be considered for all maintenance activities.
Applications and Limitations
All chemicals should be reviewed by ADOT Safety & Health before purchase for MSDS
approval.
Refer to Hazard Communication Policy, SAF-7.01
(http://spweb/intranet/adot/viewPDF.asp?txtPolicyTrackID=T000000359) and the
Approved Products List (http://www.azdot.gov/TPD/ATRC/PRIDE/apl.asp).
Do

Don’t

•• Inventory all products used at the maintenance yard and establish a list of
approved products.
•• Create a product use policy for contractors.
•• Order only what is necessary.
•• Buy reusable products and avoid disposable goods.
•• Buy products that can be recycled.
•• Research and test safer alternative products and recommend their use to the
Yard Manager. Safer alternative products may be used for cleaning and painting
products, herbicides, graffiti removers, automotive products, and fertilizers.
•• Use biodegradable, phosphate-free, water-based cleaners.
•• Use the materials according to the manufacturer’s instructions and keep the
materials out of the stormwater drainage system and watercourses.
•• Allow contractors to use unapproved products or leave unapproved wastes.
•• Allow the use of products that are not on the approved list, unless the product
is being tested for use.

Maintain
•• MSDSs and spill kits for all products used on-site.
Inspect
•• For unapproved products.

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PROGRAM 8 – GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES
Activity 8.3 – Training
Description
To provide employee training in appropriate stormwater pollution control practices that will
influence employee behavior.
Applications and Limitations
Use any opportunity for training, not just formal instruction.
Do

Don’t

•• Train employees in the proper use and storage of supplies, chemical handling,
waste reduction and management (pollution prevention), spill prevention, and
spill cleanup.
•• Document all your training, including dates, subjects, instructors, attendees,
and copies of materials presented.
•• Make sure employees know the location of the MSDSs and spill kits for all
products they use. The employee should have the tools and knowledge to
immediately begin cleaning up a small spill if one should occur.
•• Walk your site and identify proper storage areas for supplies, hazardous waste,
waste awaiting recycling, and regular waste. A weekly walk-through with
employees can help identify potential difficulties before they become major
problems.
•• Use licensed personnel to apply pesticides and herbicides.
•• Post visible signs and use policies (such as “Do Not Top Off” signs at gas
pumps) to reinforce the spill prevention message.
•• Conduct annual yard inspections assisted by Safety and Health and the DEC
to proactively identify and plan for addressing areas of future training needs.
•• Incorporate the results of routine inspections by ADOT Organizations in training
programs and “tailgate briefings.”
•• Allow untrained personnel to conduct maintenance and waste disposal
activities.

Maintain
•• Accountability.
•• Training records.
Inspect
•• Training records and audit training classes.

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PROGRAM 9 – SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Activity 9.0 – Yard and Facility Spills
Description
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from leaks and spills by reducing
the chance for spills, stopping the source of spills, containing and cleaning up spills, properly
disposing of spill materials, and training employees.
Applications and Limitations
The procedures presented in this activity are general. The maintenance Yard Manager will identify
appropriate practices for specific materials used or stored at the project site.
Do

•• Contain and clean up large spills by trained personnel.
Contact your Hazmat Specialist, ADOT Safety & Health, or
Fuel Systems Management, if needed.
•• If spilled material enters a storm drain, immediately notify
the Yard or Facility Supervisor who will contact OES,
ADOT Safety & Health, or Environmental Fuel Systems
and Scales Management, if needed.
•• Post a spill response contact list near the spill cleanup
material.
•• Control any spills as soon as it is safe to do so.
•• Transport collected materials back to a maintenance facility
or approved storage or disposal site.
•• Use drip pans and/or absorbent materials to contain leaks
or spills of vehicle fluids.
•• Install storm drain inlet protection, as necessary, immediately:
%% Block nearby storm drain inlets and dry wells by capping and covering with
waterproof material or mats.
%% Use sand bags, sediment logs, filter fabric, gravel, or stone filters, etc., to
keep sediment and other contaminants out of the storm drain system.
%% Leave covers in place until the activity is complete and until all water has
drained or evaporated.
%% Remove any debris from covered storm drain inlets when the activity is
complete.
•• Use dry cleanup methods for pollutants whenever possible. If water must be
used for spill cleanup and/or decontamination, contain the water used for spill
cleanup and decontamination.
•• Cover and protect pollutant spills from stormwater run-on to the extent cleanup
activities and safety are not compromised.
•• Follow this three-step process for small spills:
%% Contain the spill and clean up leaks with rags or absorbents.
%% Apply granular absorbent material (kitty litter) to pooled spills. Sweep up and

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dispose of as solid waste (trash) unless the material is hazardous.
%% Finally, mop the spill site with a damp mop, using no soap. Dispose of mop
rinse-water into a sanitary sewer.
Don’t

•• Attempt to handle a large (requiring special equipment) or hazardous material
spill of a material that you are not familiar with. Get help.
•• Discharge water used for spill cleanup to septic systems, sanitary sewers, and
watercourses.

Maintain
•• Spill cleanup materials available at all sites.
Inspect
•• All containments, containers, equipment, vehicles, etc., for potential leaks.

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PROGRAM 9 – SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Activity 9.1 – Small Spill Response Procedures
Description
Prevent vehicle fluids such as oils, fuels, and antifreeze from entering drainages and shoulders
during traffic incident responses. Proper containment and cleanup of spilled vehicle fluids will
reduce the discharge of pollutants to the stormwater drainages.
Applications and Limitations
In general, this activity involves cleanup and treatment of small vehicle fluid spills resulting from
accidents or from vehicle failures that do not require an emergency response. This activity does
not include cleanup of hazardous materials or hazardous waste releases that would necessitate
an emergency response and training beyond the scope of maintenance personnel. Contact ADOT
Safety & Health through the Traffic Operations Center for assistance with emergency hazardous
materials spills or releases.
Do

Don’t

•• Manage small spills with dry sweep procedures.
•• Protect storm drain inlets from receiving fluids if safe to do so.
•• Use sand, cinders, or other means to reduce mobility of fluids by covering,
damming, diking, etc.
•• Use brooms and non-sparking shovels to remove absorbent materials for
disposal.
•• Use spill control solution, such as Microblaze, if trained to do so and appropriate
for the type of spill.
•• Contact ADOT Safety & Health through the Traffic Operations Center if vehicle
fluid spills require additional cleanup.
•• Contact ADOT Safety & Health through the Traffic Operations Center for diesel
saddle tank releases that require further cleanup.
•• Prepare a report of the spill and send to the DEC.
•• Use water to flush fluids off the roadway unless the runoff will be contained for
removal and disposal.

Maintain
•• All equipment by fueling, cleaning, and repairing equipment as necessary.
Inspect
•• The area to determine whether additional cleanup will be required. Impacted
soils may require additional cleanup activities.

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APPENDIX A
ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS
AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

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A.A.C.

Arizona Administrative Code
The Arizona Administrative Code is where the official rules of the state of Arizona
are published. The A.A.C. is the official compilation of rules that govern state
agencies, boards, and commissions.

AASHTO

American Association of State Highway Officials
A nonprofit, nonpartisan association that represents highway and transportation
departments in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. AASHTO
represents all five transportation modes: air, highways, public transportation, rail,
and water.

AC		

asphaltic concrete
A mixture of bitumen (a product of the oil refinery process) and aggregates (coarse
and fine, including sand). It is produced as Hot Mix or Cold Mix, and referred to as
BC (bituminous concrete) or AC (asphaltic concrete).

ADEQ		

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality

ADOT		

Arizona Department of Transportation

APP		

Aquifer Protection Permit
A state-administered groundwater program in which an individual permit or a
general permit (issued under Arizona Revised Statutes [A.R.S.] Sections 49-203,
49-241 through 49-252, and Articles 1, 2, and 3) is needed if you own or operate
a facility that discharges a pollutant either directly to an aquifer or to the land
surface or the vadose zone (the area between an aquifer and the land surface) in
such a manner that there is a reasonable probability that the pollutant will reach
an aquifer.

Area of Environmental Importance
Any spatial unit where planned management activities may result in adverse effects
to its productivity and/or the environment with respect to its expected ecological,
economic, and social functions, such as endangered species habitat (including
critical habitat), cultural or historic properties, invasive species infestations, and
water supply intakes.
A.R.S.		

Arizona Revised Statutes
The A.R.S. are the laws of Arizona.

ASLD		

Arizona State Land Department

AST		

aboveground storage tank
An aboveground storage tank or aboveground storage tank system (one or more
devices, including any connected piping) of which the volume, including the volume
of underground pipes, is 90% or more above the surface of the grade. These
tanks are used to store petroleum products, hazardous waste, or other hazardous
material.

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AZCGP

Arizona Construction General Permit
This permit (No. AZG2008-001) provides authorization to discharge, for construction
projects that disturb 1 or more acres, under the Arizona Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (AZPDES) program, in compliance with the provisions of the
A.R.S., Title 49, Chapter 2, Article 31, the A.A.C., Title 18, Chapter 9, Articles 9 and
10 and the Clean Water Act (CWA) as amended (33 USC 1251 et seq.).

AZPDES

Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
The state of Arizona program for wastewater and stormwater permits, and imposing
and enforcing pretreatment requirements, incorporated by reference under the
A.A.C. R18-9-A905.

BLM 		

Bureau of Land Management

BMP		

Best Management Practice
Means schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, operation and maintenance
procedures, and other management practices used to prevent or reduce pollution
to waters of the U.S. BMPs also include treatment requirements, operating
procedures, and practices to control plant site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or
waste disposal, or drainage from raw material storage.

BMS		

Biological Monitoring Sites
Sampling stations in which water samples/biological specimens are collected and
examined to determine water quality, biological diversity, and ecological health in
a given area.

CFR		

Code of Federal Regulations
A codification of the final rules published daily in the Federal Register. Title 40 of
the CFR contains the environmental regulations.

CGP		Construction General Permit (see AZCGP or FCGP)
Contractor

The individual, partnership, firm, corporation, or any acceptable combination
thereof, or joint venture, contracting with ADOT for performance of work (ADOT
Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction).

Corps		

US Army Corps of Engineers

CWA		

Clean Water Act
The CWA established the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants
into Waters of the US. It gave the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
authority to implement pollution control programs such as establishing wastewater
standards for industry. The CWA also continued the requirements to set water
quality standards for all contaminants in surface waters. The CWA made it unlawful
for any person to discharge any pollutant from a point source into Waters of the
US, unless a permit was obtained under its provisions.

DEC		

District Environmental Coordinator
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Discharge
Engineer

Any addition of any pollutant to waters of the U.S. from any point source.
The State Engineer, acting by and under the authority of the laws of the State of
Arizona, or the State Engineer’s representatives in matters relating to contract
development, administration, and construction activities (ADOT Standard
Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction).

EPA		US Environmental Protection Agency
EPCP		
Erosion

Erosion and Pollution Control Plan
The wearing away of land surface, primarily by wind or water. Erosion occurs
naturally as a result of weather or runoff, but can be intensified by clearing, grading,
or excavating the land surface.

FCGP		

Federal Construction General Permit
This permit outlines a set of provisions construction operators must follow to
comply with the requirements of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) stormwater regulations. The permit covers any site 1 acre or
more, including smaller sites that are part of a larger common plan of development
or sale. It replaces and updates previous EPA permits.

FHWA		

Federal Highway Administration

Final Stabilization
As defined in the CGP means that either:
1. All soil-disturbing activities at the site have been completed and either of the two
following criteria are met:
•• A uniform (e.g., evenly distributed, without large bare areas) perennial
vegetative cover with a density of 70% of the native background vegetative cover for the area has been established on all unpaved areas not
covered by permanent structures, or
•• Equivalent permanent stabilization measures (e.g., the use of riprap, gabions, or geotextiles) have been employed.
2. When background native vegetation will cover less than 100% of the ground (e.g.,
arid areas, beaches), the 70% coverage criteria is adjusted as follows: if the native
vegetation covers 50% of the ground, 70% of 50% would require 35% total cover for
final stabilization. An area with no natural vegetation, no stabilization is required.
HVAC 		

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning

Illicit Connection
Any man-made conveyance connecting an illicit discharge directly to a municipal
separate storm sewer.
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Illicit Discharge
Any discharge to a municipal separate storm sewer that is not composed entirely
of stormwater except discharges pursuant to a NPDES or AZPDES permit (other
than the NPDES or AZPDES permit for discharges from the municipal storm sewer)
and discharges resulting from firefighting activities.
Impaired Waters
A surface water that has been assessed by ADEQ or EPA under section 303(d)
of the Clean Water Act, as not attaining a water quality standard for at least one
designated use, and is listed in Arizona’s 2006-2008 303(d) and Other Impaired
Waters List.
MS4		

Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
A conveyance or system of conveyances (including roads with drainage systems,
municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, man-made channels, or
storm drains) owned by a state, city, town, or other public body that is designed
or used for collecting or conveying stormwater, that is not a combined sewer, and
that is not part of a publicly owned treatment works [40 CFR 122.26(b)(8)].

MSDS		

Material Safety Data Sheets
A document that contains information on the potential health effects of exposure
to chemicals or other potentially dangerous substances, and on safe working
procedures when handling chemical products.

MSGP		

Multi-Sector General Permit
An umbrella permit that may be issued by a state under EPA-delegated authority,
in which certain Standard Industrial Classification industries may be granted a
permit to discharge stormwater in compliance with the regulatory provisions of the
General Permit.

MVD		

ADOT Motor Vehicles Division

NFPA		

National Fire Protection Association

NOI		

Notice of Intent
Form completed and signed by a construction site operator or an industrial facility
operator notifying EPA or ADEQ that the operator will comply with Arizona’s or
EPA’s applicable stormwater general permits.

Non-point Source
These sources of pollutants come from nondiscrete discharges such as atmospheric
deposition, contaminated sediment, and land uses that generate polluted runoff,
such as agriculture, urban land development, forestry, construction, and on-site
sewage disposal systems. Non-point source pollution also encompasses activities
that either change the natural flow regime of a stream or wetland or result in habitat
disturbance.

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Non-stormwater Discharge
Any discharge to a storm drain system or receiving water that is not composed
entirely of stormwater. Non-stormwater discharges include illicit discharges, nonstormwater discharges that are authorized under this permit, and non-stormwater
discharges that are permitted under a separate AZPDES permit.
NOT		

Notice of Termination
A formal notice to EPA or ADEQ that a specific site permitted under the NPDES or
AZPDES program is no longer discharging stormwater.

Not attaining Waters
A surface water that is not attaining its designated uses due to an impairment. See
A.A.C. R18-11-104 for more information on designated uses.
NPDES

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
The national program for issuing, modifying, revoking and reissuing, terminating,
monitoring and enforcing permits, and imposing and enforcing pretreatment
requirements under Sections 307, 318, 402, and 405 of CWA.

NWP		

Nationwide Permit

NRMG		

Natural Resource Management Group

OES		

ADOT Office of Environmental Services

Operator

Used to mean either ADOT alone or ADOT and the contractor in this manual.

PCB		

Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PCBs are mixtures of man-made chemicals with similar chemical structures. PCBs
can range from oily liquids to waxy solids. Due to their non-flammability, chemical
stability, high boiling point, and electrical insulating properties, PCBs were used in
hundreds of industrial and commercial applications. Concern over the toxicity and
persistence in the environment of PCBs led Congress in 1976 to enact Section 6(e)
of the Toxic Substances Control Act that included, among other things, prohibitions
on the manufacture, processing, and distribution in commerce of PCBs.

PeCoS		

Maintenance Performance Control System
Maintenance planning and accounting system used by ADOT.

Permanent BMPs
BMPs that are installed during construction and are designed to provide long-term
stormwater quality protection after a project’s completion.
Point Source

Any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance or collection system by which
pollutants are or may be discharged.

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Pollutant

Means any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited
to, any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling
stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft from
which pollutants are or may be discharged to waters of the U.S. Point source does
not include return flows from irrigated agriculture.

R/W		

right-of-way
A term denoting land, property, or interest therein, usually in a strip, acquired for or
devoted to transportation purposes.

RWIS		

Road Weather Information Systems
These stations measure atmospheric, pavement, and/or water level conditions.
Central RWIS hardware and software are used to process observations from
Environmental Sensor Stations to develop nowcasts or forecasts, and display or
broadcast road weather information in a format that can be easily interpreted by
a manager. RWIS data are used by road operators and maintainers to support
decision making.

Secondary Containment
A methodology or system to prevent the discharge of harmful substances into
groundwater, storm drains or watercourses by providing additional containment or
diversionary structures around the harmful substance’s primary container or structure
(e.g., barrels, cans, tanks, or piping systems). The secondary containment system
must be capable of containing the harmful substance so that any discharge from
a primary containment system will not escape the secondary containment system
before cleanup occurs. The following are examples of secondary containment
systems: dikes, berms, retaining walls, curbing, diversionary culverts, gutters or
other drainage systems, booms or other barriers, spill diversion or retention ponds,
drip pans, sumps, or other collection systems.
Section 401 of the CWA
Enables the state to review federal permit activities affecting the nation’s waters
and to ensure that proposed activity does not adversely affect the environment and
that it meets the state’s water quality standards.
Section 404 of the CWA
Regulates the discharge of dredged or fill materials within Waters of the US and
establishes a program to issue permits.
Sediment

The soil particles that have been mobilized by erosion.

Sensitive Waters
In this manual, the term includes unique, impaired, and not attaining waters.
Storm drain inlet
Median and ramp catch basins, maintenance (i.e., manhole) holes, and culvert
inlets.
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Stormwater

SWPPP

Stormwater runoff, snow melt runoff, and surface runoff and drainage (40 CFR
122.26[b][13]).
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
A plan to describe a process whereby a facility thoroughly evaluates potential
pollutant sources at a site and selects and implements appropriate measures
designed to prevent or control the discharge of pollutants in stormwater runoff.

Temporary BMPs
BMPs to address a short-term stormwater contamination threat. Usually, temporary
BMPs are removed at the conclusion of a project.
TMDL		

Total Maximum Daily Load
A TMDL is a written, quantitative plan and analysis to determine the maximum
loading on a pollutant basis that a surface water can assimilate and still attain
and maintain a specific water quality standard during all conditions. The TMDL
allocates the loading capacity of the surface water to point sources and non-point
sources identified in the watershed, accounting for natural background levels and
seasonal variation, with an allocation set aside as a margin of safety.

Tribal Lands

In this document, is defined at 40 CFR 122.2 to mean:

1. All land within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the US
government, notwithstanding the issuance of any patent, and including rights-ofway running through the reservation;
2. All dependant Indian communities with the borders of the US, whether the originally
or subsequently acquired territory thereof, and whether within or without the limits
of a state; and
3. All Indian allotments, the Indian titles to which have not been extinguished, include
rights-of-way running through the same.
Unique Water

A surface water classified as an outstanding state resource water under A.A.C.
R18-11-112.
Note: ADEQ anticipates that the term ‘unique water’ will be replaced with
‘outstanding Arizona water’.

USC		

Watercourse

United States Code
The codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the United
States.
A lake, river, creek, stream, ditch, canal, wash, arroyo, drainage channel (natural
or man-made) or other topographic feature on or over which waters flow at least
periodically. They include specifically designated areas in which substantial flood
damage may occur (floodplain).
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 5-9

Waters of the United States (US)
All waters that are currently used, were used in the past, or may be susceptible to
use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters subject to the ebb and
flow of the tide. Waters of the US include all interstate waters and intrastate lakes,
rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sand flats, wetlands,
sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds (see 40
CFR 122.2 for the complete definition).

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 5-10

APPENDIX B
INSTRUCTIONS FOR OBTAINING ARIZONA OR FEDERAL
CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT AUTHORIZATION FOR
ADOT MAINTENANCE PROJECTS

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 6-1

This page intentionally left blank.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 6-2

Although it is anticipated that most maintenance activities/projects will not require the preparation of
a SWPPP, maintenance activities/projects that result in ground disturbance equal to or greater than 5
acres or new construction disturbing 1 or more acres will require the preparation and implementation
of a SWPPP. The information presented in this appendix is intended to assist Maintenance
personnel in the preparation and implementation of a SWPPP, if applicable to the planned activity.
Many maintenance activities will be performed by ADOT personnel; however, a contractor may also
be used. In those cases, the contractor must abide by the appropriate NPDES or AZPDES Permit.
Note: In the following sections, “operator” is used to mean either ADOT alone or ADOT and the
contractor.
Because ADOT maintenance activities are continuously occurring along state highways and they
can also be initiated as the result of an event such as a rainstorm, it is important to identify the
criteria for defining the parameters of a maintenance activity or undertaking. For compliance with
the ADOT Permit, a single and complete undertaking is defined as any PeCoS activity conducted
within an ADOT-designated segment of the highway. The segment length will be designated by
ADOT prior to initiating field activities using mileposts, natural watershed boundaries, washout
limits, or other criteria deemed appropriate for the needed maintenance activity. The disturbance
area within the designated segment will be evaluated against the 5-acre threshold to determine
whether a SWPPP is required. In addition, activities separated by time will be considered as
separate undertakings for purposes of comparisons to the 5-acre threshold. The following steps
have been developed to provide direction and resources to facilitate the completion of the
SWPPP.
1.1. Step 1: Prepare a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
A complete SWPPP will be developed by the operator to describe operational activities and
physcal controls (BMPs) that will be used to prevent the discharge of pollutants into Waters of
the US. SWPPPs are site-specific and, for ADOT maintenance projects, the contractor or ADOT
Maintenance develops the SWPPP as a first step in obtaining CGP coverage. A useful SWPPP
checklist can be downloaded from the ADEQ Web site (http://www.azdeq.gov/). A construction
SWPPP template is also provided on the ADOT Web site (http://www.azdot.gov/Highways/OES/
Water_Quality/Stormwater/Docs/swppp_construction_template.dot).
1.1.1 Identify All Operators for the Project
An operator is any person associated with the project who has control over the maintenance
site.
1.1.2 Describe the Site and Prepare a Schedule of Maintenance Activities
Much of the information needed to complete this portion of the SWPPP is included in the project
description, project plans, or contract documents, if a contractor is to be retained. These documents
include the soils/geotechnical report, the project drainage report, and the environmental clearance
documents.
For larger projects, the project site may be divided into subareas based on the maximum allowable
exposed area as specified in the project specifications. A schedule of maintenance activity will be
developed for each subarea.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 6-3

1.1.3 Select BMPs to Reduce Pollutants
The SWPPP must describe all BMPs that will be implemented as part of the maintenance project
to control pollutants in stormwater discharges. The SWPPP must clearly describe appropriate
control measures to be used in each subarea. Refer to the BMPs in Chapters 2 and 3 when
selecting appropriate permanent and temporary controls.
ADOT Roadside Development can assist in preparing Erosion and Sediment Control plans and
details as part of the maintenance documents. These will provide direction and specific BMP
expectations to the operator. However, the project documents will not be considered a complete
SWPPP and will not replace the operator’s SWPPP because the project plans and details are
prepared assuming standard maintenance practices and may not reflect the operator’s actual
methods of maintenance, access requirements, or project phasing. The operator will use the
project plans as a guide in developing the SWPPP. The SWPPP must also describe the “Good
Housekeeping” procedures and practices. The BMPs may be referenced in the General BMP
section of this manual. These include:
•• An inventory of chemicals and materials needed for maintenance activities.
•• A spill prevention and cleanup plan.
•• A description of storage, use, and disposal of chemical and maintenance
materials.
•• A hazardous waste management plan.
•• A solid waste management plan.
•• Sanitary/septic waste storage and disposal procedures.
1.1.4 Prepare a Plan for Maintenance of BMPs
Proper maintenance of BMPs is an integral part of the effort to prevent stormwater pollution.
BMPs must be cleaned or replaced where design capacity is reduced by 50%. Procedures and
activities for this purpose must be included in the SWPPP.
1.1.5 Collect Permit-Related Documents
The following documents must be included in the SWPPP:
•• Copy of the FCGP or AZCGP.
•• NOI as completed by the contractor.
Note: If the contractor is submitting the NOI, the SWPPP and NOI must
be reviewed by ADOT Maintenance with assistance by the DEC prior to
submittal to ADEQ.
•• NPDES or AZPDES authorization number for the project.
•• Other agreements with state, local, or federal agencies that affect the provisions
or implementation of the SWPPP.
1.1.6 Comply with Applicable Federal, State, and Local Programs
Chapter 1 described the federal, state, and local soil and erosion control programs that must be
followed to prevent pollution to Waters of the US.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 6-4

1.1.7 Develop a Site-Specific Inspection Plan
An inspection plan must be developed as part of the SWPPP. Include the inspector’s name and
qualified inspector’s credentials in the SWPPP to simplify the completion of inspection reports in
the field.
1.2. Step 2: Certify the SWPPP
The operator who is responsible for installing the pollution controls must certify the SWPPP. The
certification will occur before maintenance work begins.
It is the obligation of all personnel involved in the maintenance project to protect the environment.
The certification requirement will reinforce the fact that it takes a team effort to properly control
stormwater pollution and that the responsibility is equally shared between ADOT and its contractors.
The following certification is required by ADEQ:
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my
direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel
properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person
or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the
information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate,
and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information,
including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.
1.3. Step 3: Submit Notice of Intent
As previously mentioned, ADEQ has issued an AZCGP No. AZG2008-001, which is available to
provide stormwater permit coverage to all construction projects in the State of Arizona (except
on Tribal Trust Lands where the FCGP is issued by the EPA). To comply with the conditions
of either the AZCGP or the FCGP, the contractor is required to file a NOI with ADEQ or EPA
if maintenance and maintenance-related activities, including all clearing, grading excavation,
and stockpiling activities, will result in the disturbance of equal to or greater than 5 acres.
Note: ADOT does not need to file an NOI with ADEQ, only the contractor who may be conducting
the work for ADOT. ADEQ or EPA approves the specific project use of the general permit for
stormwater discharges by accepting and approving the NOI.
A complete and accurate NOI form must be prepared and signed by the contractor to receive
coverage under the AZCGP or FCGP. The NOI form serves as a promise that the contractor will
comply with the AZCGP or FCGP conditions.
The NOI must be mailed to ADEQ or EPA at least 2 business days before any maintenance
activities occur at the site (AZCGP part III.C.1). If the project is located within or has the potential
to discharge to an MS4, a copy of the authorization certificate must also be submitted to the MS4
(AZCGP Part III.D). A list of MS4 municipalities in Arizona is located on the ADEQ Web site (http://
www.azdeq.gov/). If the project site is located within ¼ mile of unique or impaired waters, the NOI
must be submitted at least 32 business days before any maintenance activities occur at the site
(AZCGP Part II.B.5).

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 6-5

The NOI form and detailed instructions for completing the form are available at the ADEQ Web
site (http://www.azdeq.gov/) or by calling (602) 771.4665 or (602) 771.4449.
Submit the NOI form by certified mail or hand delivery to:
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
Surface Water Section/Permits Unit/Stormwater NOIs (5415A-1)
1110 W. Washington Street
Phoenix, AZ 85007
Forms can be faxed to (602) 771.4528.
The agency now offers a Web-based service to assist individuals in applying for stormwater
discharge permits (Smart NOI). Access the Web site as described above.
For activities located on tribal lands, submit the NOI form to:
Stormwater Notice Processing Center
Mail Code 4203M
US EPA
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20460
Electronic NOI forms are available from the following Web site:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/home.cfm?program_id=6
If the project site is located on the White Mountain Apache Reservation, the NOI form will be sent
to:
Tribal Environmental Planning Office
P.O. Box 2109
Whiteriver, AZ 85941
1.4. Step 4: Retain Document at a Maintenance or District Office
The SWPPP must be retained on-site (or in the vehicle at the project location) during working
hours and at a maintenance or District office throughout the maintenance activity. If a contractor
is involved and maintains a nearby office, the SWPPP will be kept at the office. The most current
SWPPP updates will be maintained at the project location.
1.5. Step 5: Implement the SWPPP
After the NOI is accepted and an authorization number received, maintenance activities that will
require implementation of the SWPPP may begin. The erosion and pollution controls (BMPs) will
be constructed in accordance with the SWPPP.
The SWPPP is intended to be a dynamic plan that will be revised as a result of unanticipated or
changing conditions during maintenance activities. Making changes to the plan where it is not
effective is a requirement of the AZCGP. Any changes to the plan will be noted and dated on the
plan.
ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 6-6

The operator is responsible for implementing the SWPPP and maintaining dated records of:
•• Major grading activities.
•• Areas where maintenance activities have temporarily or permanently
stopped.
•• Installation of stabilization measures (BMPs).
•• Delays and reasons for delays of installation of stabilization measures.
These records will be included in the SWPPP.
1.6. Step 6: Inspect the BMPs Regularly
Regular site inspections are required to ensure that BMPs are functional and that the SWPPP
is properly maintained. Routine inspection is required every 7 calendar days OR once every
14 calendar days and also within 24 hours after a rainfall event of 1/2 inch or greater. Reduced
inspection frequency may apply under certain permit-specified conditions. For example, the ADOT
Statewide Stormwater Permit allows for reduced inspections in areas of the state that receive less
than 20 inches average annual rainfall and construction occurs during the seasonal dry period.
Under these conditions, inspections are required monthly, anytime rain is predicted and within 24
hours following a rainfall event of 1/2 inch or greater. The map on page B-8 illustrates locations in
Arizona where the average annual rainfall is greater than 20 inches. Refer to the applicable permit
for additional information on reduced inspection frequency.
Inspections must include all areas of the site disturbed by maintenance activity, staging areas, and
areas used for storage of materials that are exposed to precipitation. Refer to AZCGP Part IV.H.3
and Section 5.2.5.4 of the ADOT Permit for a complete scope of inspections. ADOT has developed
an AZPDES Inspection Checklist to be used on ADOT construction projects and Appendix A of the
AZCGP is a Sample Inspection Report that serves as a tool in completing site inspections.
The report and the record of any follow-up actions taken will be retained as part of the SWPPP.
Inspections must be performed by qualified personnel (i.e. Erosion Control Coordinator).
1.7. Step 7: Adjust the SWPPP to Fit Site Conditions
The operator will implement follow-up actions based on results of the inspection process within
4 calendar days following the inspection, or as required by the project specifications. Where
adjustments to the SWPPP are deemed necessary, implementation must be completed before
the next anticipated storm event or as soon as practicable.
1.8 Step 8: Maintain an Updated SWPPP
It is imperative that the SWPPP remain current with the changes and adjustments made in the
field. Failure to update the SWPPP is considered a violation of AZCGP, the ADOT Permit and the
Clean Water Act and is and grounds for enforcement action.
The SWPPP will be updated within 15 calendar days if changes in design, scheduling, or maitenance
activities have a significant effect on the discharge of pollutants or it is determined that discharges
from the maintenance area are causing or contributing to water quality exceedances.

ADOT Maintenance and Facilities Best Management Practices Manual
Page 6-7

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1.9 Step 9: Maintain the BMPs
All erosion and sediment control measures and other protective measures identified in the SWPPP
must be maintained in effective operational condition.
1.10 Step 10: Evaluate Job Site to Determine Final Stabilization
Final Stabilization will be defined as the completion of all soil-disturbing activities and the two
following criteria have been met:
•• A uniform (i.e., evenly distributed, without large bare areas) perennial vegetative
cover with a density equivalent to 70% of the native background vegetative
cover has been established on all unpaved areas and areas not covered by
permanent structures. Where perennial vegetation is not yet fully established,
temporary erosion control devices are properly installed and fully operational.
•• Permanent erosion control measures (e.g., riprap, gabions, or geotextiles)
have been employed and are fully operational.
1.11 Step 11: Submit Notice of Termination
A complete and accurate NOT must be submitted by the contractor to ADEQ or EPA after it has
been determined that the project has met the submittal criteria as described in Section 1.10. The
contractor is responsible for filling out, signing, and submitting the NOT form to ADEQ or EPA.
One copy must be provided to the Maintenance Engineer. ADOT Maintenance, with the assistance
of the DEC, will review the final stabilization for the project prior to authorizing submittal of the
NOT.
The NOT form is available at the ADEQ Web site (http://www.azdeq.gov/) or by calling
(602) 771.4665 or (602) 771.4449.
Submit form by certified mail or hand delivery to:
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
Water Permits Section - Stormwater & General Permits Unit
1110 W. Washington Street, 5415A-1
Phoenix, AZ 85007
1.12 Step 12: Retention of Records
The contractor will retain copies of SWPPPs and all documentation required by this permit,
including records of all data used to complete the NOI to be covered by this permit, for at least 3
years from the date of final stabilization of the site, ADOT however must keep records for 5 years
past the expiration of their permit.

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1.13 Permit Requirements on Tribal Lands
If the project is over 5 acres and is located entirely on Tribal Trust Lands, permit coverage will be
obtained through the EPA (http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/). Follow these steps (described in detail on
the EPA Web site) and refer to the ADOT Stored Specification 104SWEPA to obtain coverage:
Step 1: Read the FCGP and fact sheet.
Step 2: Determine if project is eligible for coverage under the FCGP.
Step 3: Develop and implement SWPPP.
Step 4: Complete and submit NOI.
Forms can be submitted by mail to:
Stormwater Notice Processing Center
Mail Code 4203M
US EPA
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20460
Electronic NOI forms are available from the following Web site:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/home.cfm?program_id=6
If the project site is located on the White Mountain Apache Reservation, the NOI form will be sent
to:
Tribal Environmental Planning Office
P.O. Box 2109
Whiteriver, AZ 85941
1.14 Permit Requirements for Projects Located Within ¼ mile of Sensitive Waters
If the project site is located within ¼ mile of unique (R18-11-112) or impaired (Section 303[d] of
the CWA) waters, the NOI and the SWPPP must be submitted to ADEQ at least 32 business days
before any maintenance activities occur at the site (AZCGP Part II.B.1). This extra time allows
ADEQ to review the SWPPP to determine whether selected BMPs are sufficiently protective of
water quality.
The SWPPP must include a proposal for monitoring to determine whether BMPs and controls are
effective (AZCGP Part I.D.5.a).
1.15 Permit Requirements for Batch Plants, Borrow Pits, and Material Pits
Discharges from support activities such as concrete or asphalt batch plants, equipment storage
yards, material storage areas, screening and crushing plants, excavated material disposal areas,
and borrow areas are covered under the AZCGP if the conditions of the permit are followed
(AZCGP Part I.C.1). The contractor must obtain coverage under a separate Multi-Sector General
Permit for activities that do not fall under the allowable discharges for the AZCGP. Commercial
plants and material sources are required to demonstrate compliance with stormwater regulations
prior to use on ADOT projects.
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APPENDIX C
VEGETATION MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
(Excerpts from ADOT Office of Environmental Services)

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ADOT is responsible for the integrity of the state’s highway infrastructure while complying with
state and federal environmental laws. To help accomplish this task, the ADOT OES routinely
maintains vegetation within the transportation R/W for safety and aesthetic purposes. In doing so,
OES uses a variety of BMPs to manage potential environmental impacts resulting from routine
highway maintenance activities. BMPs to help manage stormwater pollution are explored in detail
below.
Vegetation Management
Roadside vegetation management is an ongoing agency requirement and priority. Accordingly,
OES uses a variety of vegetation management techniques - mechanical, chemical, manual,
and cultural - in an integrated approach to control hazardous vegetation and invasive plant
species along Arizona highways. OES routinely reviews available literature and explores other
management techniques, methods, and practices.
BMPs

•• Use an integrated resource management approach to promote low-growing
native vegetation on all highways under the state’s jurisdiction. Use mechanical
methods, herbicides, prescribed fire, tillage, biological controls, and seeding
to establish a stable roadside environment that, over time, requires minimal
maintenance inputs.
•• Manage clear zones along Arizona’s state highways and roads using methods
that encourage the preservation of native plant species that suppress the
spread of invasive species, inhibit fire, reduce soil erosion, stabilize roadsides,
and are aesthetically pleasing without compromising traffic operations.
•• Conduct environmental reviews to determine potential impacts to the natural
and human environment and complete environmental documents prior to
conducting vegetation management activities. Proceed only after all facets
of resource protection, including clean water, clean air, threatened and
endangered species, and cultural resources, are addressed and determined to
be safeguarded from roadside vegetation management activities.
•• Coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to develop practicable work
methods where appropriate.

Tree Removal
Large trees, overgrown brush, and tall vegetation within the recovery area and R/W may present
a collision threat to motorists; obstruct motorists’ visibility of road signs, highway safety features,
and approaching wildlife; and can shade pavement during winter months, thereby contributing to
icy conditions.
BMPs

•• Inspect roadways and exceptional areas prior to conducting cutting operations
and establish and mark clearing limits.
•• Conduct vegetation removal activities when precipitation is not forecasted.
•• Use equipment that will cause the least amount of ground disturbance.
•• Avoid working in wetlands (regardless of season), riparian areas, washes, or
culverts.
•• Do not place slash or chips in watercourses.
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•• Install check dams or equivalent to minimize sediment loss and protect drainage
features as needed.
•• Reseed disturbed soils that will not be landscaped or otherwise permanently
stabilized as needed.
•• Fuel, clean, and repair equipment away from storm drain inlets and watercourses.
Herbicide Use
ADOT’s goal is to reduce the use of herbicides and mowing on roadway shoulders by the
establishment of low-maintenance native grasses and wildflowers for highway visibility, soil
stabilization, and weed control. Although OES uses an integrated approach to vegetation
management, herbicide application is currently the most efficient means of controlling hazardous
and invasive plant species. Proper herbicide treatment provides the greatest degree of control for
the least amount of cost and labor. All management activities, methods, and results are available
for public review, and OES goes out of its way to disclose all of its activities to the public, within
reasonable means.
BMPs

•• Use the safest, most effective, efficient, state-of-the-art, and inexpensive
vegetation management techniques available.
•• Conform to all applicable state and federal regulations and herbicide label
directions controlling the loading, mixing, use, storage, and containment of
herbicides.
•• Use only compounds registered and approved by EPA and the State Chemist.
•• Use only compounds approved by the land-managing agency (e.g., USDA
Forest Service, BLM, tribes).
•• Use a Certified Pesticide Applicator to conduct all herbicide applications.
•• Inspect roadways and exceptional areas prior to conducting herbicide
application activities.
•• Conduct spray operations when meteorological conditions are favorable.
•• Use the lowest pressure, largest droplet size, and largest volume of water
permitted by the herbicide label to obtain adequate treatment success.
•• Choose the most effective herbicide that requires the least number of
applications.
•• Choose the lowest effective rate of application.
•• Use only those herbicides with aquatic labeling within no-spray buffer areas
around water courses, when necessary.
•• Inspect and maintain herbicide application equipment.
•• Fuel, clean, and repair equipment away from storm drain inlets and
watercourses.

Erosion Control and Management
Erosion can be expected as roadways age and is currently the biggest threat to Arizona’s 7,140
miles of roadways. Precipitation, wind, and human activities are the main causes.
Moisture from weather events collects on impervious road surfaces and flows to the adjacent
permeable shoulders. Water exits road surfaces as sheet flow. Subsequently, the volume of water
accumulating along roadsides is greater than the soil’s ability to absorb the increased surface
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flows, resulting in the formation of rills and gullies.
The highly disturbed nature of the roadside environment and the lack of adequate plant cover on
road shoulders play a role in soil loss and sediment movement. Other factors that contribute to
erosion potential include percent slope, size of the exposed area, soil texture and type, precipitation type, and quantity. Wind will erode exposed soils along roadsides as well.
OES shares responsibility with Maintenance for erosion control along state roadways.
BMPs

•• Promote the use of a top dressing soil mixture consisting of the original topsoil
(stockpiled during the construction phase) and plant materials to roadway
shoulders during the construction portion of highway development.
•• Clearly mark limits of disturbance.
•• Add material (salvaged AC pavement, aggregate, borrow material) to shoulder
and slope to eliminate pavement drop-off, and rutted or eroded conditions, as
needed.
•• Minimize disturbance to existing vegetation and topsoil when leveling, pulling,
or floating shoulder material with a motor grader.
•• Shape and contour material to minimize erosion potential.
•• Seed and cover disturbed soils as needed.
•• Install temporary sediment control measures, as needed, to address
concentrated water flows.
•• Minimize changes to watercourse dynamics and minimize removal of native
riparian vegetation.
•• Fuel, clean, and repair equipment away from storm drain inlets and
watercourses.
•• Consult the ADOT Erosion Control and Pollution Manual for Highway Design
and Construction as appropriate.

Note: Maintenance activities that disturb Waters of the US may require either a nationwide permit
or an individual Section 404 permit.
Contact Information
Statewide Natural Resources Program Manager
Arizona Department of Transportation
Office of Environmental Services
1611 W Jackson Street, Mail Drop EM04
Phoenix, AZ 85007
Telephone 602.712.7398
Fax 602.712.3492

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