ARIZONA’S COMPREHENSIVE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION STRATEGY: STATE OF THE STATE (COMPANION DOCUMENT B) Arizona Game and Fish Department 2221 West Greenway Road Phoenix, Arizona 85023-4399 June 28, 2005 CIVIL RIGHTS AND DIVERSITY COMPLIANCE The Arizona Game and Fish Commission receives federal financial assistance in Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration. Under Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, age, sex, or disability. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information please write to: Arizona Game and Fish Department Office of the Deputy Director, DOHQ 2221 West Greenway Road Phoenix, Arizona 85023-4399 and The Office for Diversity and Civil Rights U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 4040 North Fairfax Drive, Room 300 Arlington, Virginia 22203 AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT COMPLIANCE The Arizona Game and Fish Department complies with all provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act. This document is available in alternative format by contacting the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Office of the Deputy Director at the address listed above or by calling (602) 789-3290 or TTY 1-800-367-8939. RECOMMENDED CITATION Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2005. Arizona’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy: State of the State (Companion Document B). Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. PROJECT FUNDING Funding for the development of this strategic plan was provided by: Arizona Game and Fish Department’s Heritage Fund (Lottery Dollars Working for Wildlife); voluntary contributions to Arizona’s Wildlife Checkoff; Wildlife Conservation and Restoration Program; and the State Wildlife Grant Program. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 Arizona’s Wildlife and Landscapes ................................................................................................ 1 Status of Arizona’s Landscapes (Element 2) .................................................................................. 3 Apache Highlands North ............................................................................................................. 4 Apache Highlands South ............................................................................................................. 6 Arizona-New Mexico Mountains ................................................................................................ 6 Colorado Plateau.......................................................................................................................... 7 Mohave Desert............................................................................................................................. 8 Sonoran Desert ............................................................................................................................ 9 Arizona’s Vegetative Communities and Riparian/Aquatic Systems ............................................ 10 Desertscrub ................................................................................................................................ 11 Grasslands.................................................................................................................................. 12 Woodlands / Forests .................................................................................................................. 13 Riparian / Aquatic Systems ....................................................................................................... 14 Site-Specific or Fine-scale Landscape Conservation ................................................................ 15 Wildlife of Conservation Priority (Element 1) ............................................................................. 15 Stressors/Threats to Arizona’s Wildlife (Element 3).................................................................... 17 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................................. 21 iii ARIZONA’S COMPREHENSIVE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION STRATEGY: STATE OF THE STATE (COMPANION DOCUMENT B) Arizona Game and Fish Department INTRODUCTION The Arizona Game and Fish Commission (Commission) and Department (Department) serve the people of Arizona as steward of the State's wildlife. These resources are a public trust, managed for the benefit of present and future generations. Under Arizona Revised Statutes Title 17, the Commission and Department are vested with the authority to manage the State’s wildlife. As a funding requirement of the State Wildlife Grants (SWG) program (TWW 2003a), Congress charged each of the 56 States and Territories (hereafter referred to as ‘States’) with developing a statewide “Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy” (CWCS). These efforts are being coordinated through the Teaming With Wildlife (TWW) Committee and the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies at a national level. To remain eligible for SWG funding, State strategies need to be submitted to the National Advisory Acceptance Team by October 1, 2005, for evaluation and approval. This companion document provides background narratives on Arizona’s CWCS ecoregions, vegetative communities, riparian/aquatic systems, species of conservation priority, and important stressors/threats to wildlife and wildlife habitats. ARIZONA’S WILDLIFE AND LANDSCAPES The State of Arizona contains approximately 73 million acres with a large range of topographic and geologic diversity. Elevations in Arizona range from about 75 ft above sea level (near Yuma) up to 12,643 feet at its highest point (San Francisco Peaks near Flagstaff). Generally, elevation increases moving from west to east and from south to north. Precipitation ranges from less than 3 inches to over 30 inches per year depending on elevation and location. Most precipitation in Arizona comes from summer monsoons and winter storms carrying moisture from the Pacific Ocean. The Sonoran Desert in the southwest corner of the State typically receives near equal amounts of summer and winter rain. Winter rain or snow dominates more in northern portions of the State, while summer rain dominates more in the southern portion. Variability in climates, elevations, landforms, vegetative communities, watercourses, and soil types create many different environments throughout Arizona. These environments range through all 6 of Merriam’s life-zones (Betancourt 1990; Brown 1994)—from the hot, dry deserts of southern Arizona through grasslands and woodlands in mid–elevations, to the cold, moist, montane and alpine forest environments in the higher elevations. In addition, isolated mountains throughout Arizona, known as “sky islands” (Marshall 1957), create steep elevation gradients assuring rapid environmental changes over very short distances. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 2 Throughout Arizona, aquatic systems and associated riparian areas play a major role in maintaining biodiversity. Riparian communities along the aquatic habitat provide migratory birds and pollinating insects and bats with vital travel corridors for their migrations between North and South America. The State is home to a number of large rivers. The Colorado River runs through the Grand Canyon and forms the western boundary of Arizona. The Gila, Salt, and Verde rivers drain the northern-central portion of Arizona, and carry water to reservoirs supporting the cities in central and southern Arizona. Many smaller creeks and tributaries have perennial or intermittent flow. Springs, cienegas (marshes), and stock tanks provide valuable aquatic and riparian habitat and water for wildlife use. All in all, the complexity of the Arizona landscape gives rise to a diversity of habitats that support diverse wildlife communities. Arizona ranks third in the nation for the number of native bird species, second for reptiles, fifth for mammals, and eighth for overall vertebrate animal diversity (Stein and others 2000). Wildlife that reside in or migrate through Arizona include: 31 species of amphibians, 396 species of birds (not including accidental and casual migrants), 72 species of fish, 166 species of mammals, 143 species of reptiles, and over 20,000 species of macro-invertebrates (note: the Department has management authority over all vertebrate species and crustaceans and mollusks). Each of these species has dependent habitat needs—shelter or cover from the elements and predators, available food and water, and materials and locations for nesting or raising young. Some species require very specific conditions that exist in only a few localized sites (for example, springsnails with narrow tolerances of spring water quality and substrates to forage on). Other species are more habitat generalists, existing in or ranging across a variety of habitats (for example, coyotes which are found statewide). Some wildlife, like migratory birds and bats, change their habitat requirements depending on season or life history stages. Taken all together, Arizona’s wildlife depends on many resources at different scales in both space and time. While Arizona supports a tremendous diversity of wildlife, it faces a variety of unique challenges and opportunities for wildlife conservation. The Department manages only 0.05% of the total area of the State (Table A)—these areas comprise various Commission-owned Wildlife Areas, state fish hatcheries, the Ben Avery Shooting Facility, and administrative offices. The U.S. Forest Service (USFS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), National Park Service (NPS), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and Department of Defense (DOD) manage the largest portion (42%) of lands in Arizona. Most of these federal lands are unlikely to be subdivided and developed for commercial or residential uses. Most areas within USFS and BLM jurisdiction allow ‘multiple-use’ activities associated with recreational and economic pursuits. Federal agencies work under a variety of laws and policies in which conservation of wildlife is mandated. The Department works with these federal partners on land and water management projects on lands that they administer. Tribal governments manage an additional 28% of land in Arizona. Each tribe is a sovereign nation, and thus is not subject to State jurisdictions. Most tribes maintain their own wildlife management departments. The Department continues to develop working relationships with the individual tribes to facilitate conservation of wildlife across the landscapes in Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 3 The Arizona State Land Department (ASLD) manages 13% of the lands in Arizona. Under state law, these ‘State Trust’ lands are managed, leased, sold, and traded to provide revenue to support education in Arizona. These lands are primarily leased for commercial purposes or occasionally sold for private development. Private lands make up 18% of Arizona’s total area. In various locations around the State, concentrations of private land occur around various river corridors, watersheds, and other locations with important resources for wildlife. Because aquatic and riparian habitats are critical to many of Arizona’s wildlife, private landowners have a large role in helping conserve wildlife populations. Table A. Land Ownership in 2005 by Ecoregion in Arizona (based on ASLD GIS data). Percentage in each Ecoregion Land Owner Federal AHN Bureau of Land Management AHS AZNM CP MD SD Total 1.338 1.288 0.036 3.556 2.395 8.021 16.63 0 0 0 0 0.017 0.148 0.17 National Forests 5.968 2.247 4.709 1.179 0 1.191 15.29 National Parks and Monuments 0.001 0.097 0.033 2.180 0.715 0.496 3.52 Military 0.000 0.147 0.036 0 0 3.739 3.92 0 0.159 0 0 0.046 2.138 2.34 7.310 3.940 4.810 6.920 3.170 15.730 41.87 AZ Game and Fish Dept 0.002 0.006 0.012 0.012 0.002 0.014 0.05 State Trust 2.639 3.741 0.726 1.538 0.161 3.950 12.75 2.640 3.750 0.740 1.550 0.170 4.150 13.00 27.57 Bureau of Reclamation Wildlife Refuges Total Federal Lands State of Arizona Total State Lands Tribal Governments 3.569 0.376 1.726 16.489 0.032 5.380 Counties and Municipalities 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.201 0.22 Private 3.980 3.361 0.976 2.929 0.966 5.317 17.53 17.50 11.42 8.26 27.88 4.34 30.60 100% Total Arizona shares over 350 miles of border with Mexico. Many wildlife populations have annual migrations or movement patterns that cross these borderlands. The Department works closely with Mexican authorities and other partners through various committees, teams, and workgroups to assure the continued conservation of many borderland species. The stressors posed by illegal immigration traffic through the borderlands as well as homeland security border activities will require politically astute conservation strategies to address the needs of many stakeholders and affected wildlife. STATUS OF ARIZONA’S LANDSCAPES (ELEMENT 2) Ecoregions are defined as large areas of land and water–on the scale of tens of millions of acres– that are characterized by distinct plant communities, species, and environmental conditions such as climate and landforms. The Nature Conservancy Ecoregions were modified for Arizona’s Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 4 CWCS landscape classification: Apache Highlands (AHN and AHS), Arizona-New Mexico Mountains (AZNM), Colorado Plateau (CP), Mojave Desert (MD), and Sonoran Desert (SD). For the CWCS, the Apache Highlands Ecoregion was split into northern and southern ecoregions at the northern-most extent of the Chihuahuan Desertscrub landscapes along the eastern border of Arizona. Landscape composition of each ecoregion is summarized in Table B. Table B. Percentage of Ecoregion Occupied by Each Landscape (based on ASLD GIS data). Percentage in each Ecoregion Community Type Landscape AHN AHS AZNM CP MD Desertscrub Arizona Upland Sonoran Desertscrub 0.39 0 0 0 1.33 Chihuahuan Desertscrub 0.01 15.32 0 0 0 Great Basin Desertscrub 0.34 0 0.61 27.49 0.85 Lower Colorado River Sonoran Desertscrub 0 0 0 0 4.80 Mohave Desertscrub 0.36 0 0 3.71 82.18 Desertscrub Total 1.10 15.32 0.61 31.20 89.16 Grasslands Plains and Great Basin Grassland 13.91 1.96 13.04 34.96 0 Semidesert Grassland 14.32 60.96 0 0 2.88 Subalpine Grassland 0 0 0.88 0.04 0 Grassland Total 28.23 62.92 13.92 35.00 2.88 Woodlands Alpine Tundra 0 0 0.02 0 0 Great Basin Conifer Woodland 37.70 0.23 31.72 30.72 5.45 Interior Chaparral 21.82 2.06 0.86 0.05 2.41 Madrean Evergreen Woodland 2.93 18.13 0.18 0 0 Petran Montane Conifer Forest 8.22 1.29 50.73 2.44 0.10 Petran Subalpine Conifer Forest 0 0.05 1.96 0.58 0 Woodlands Total 70.67 21.76 85.47 33.79 7.96 SD 46.68 0 0 52.37 0.63 99.68 0 0.20 0 0.20 0 0.03 0.10 0 0 0 0.13 APACHE HIGHLANDS NORTH The Apache Highlands North Ecoregion spans 9.4 million acres in Arizona, largely comprised of grasslands, chaparral, and pinyon/juniper woodlands (Marshall and others 2004). Elevation ranges from about 2100 to 8800 feet, averaging about 4950 feet. Precipitation ranges from 10 to 18 inches in this ecoregion, with approximately equal portions falling in winter and summer. It contains a variety of landforms, including broad flat valleys, rolling hills, and steep mountains, including the isolated heights of the Hualapai Mountains, a “sky-island” landform similar to those of the Apache Highlands South. Precipitation in these “sky-island” areas varies from 11 to 30 inches per year, with more precipitation at higher elevations and with slightly more falling in summer than winter. The dominant characteristic of the Apache Highlands North is the highly dissected nature of the landform. With the Mogollon Rim defining the northern boundary of the eastern part of this ecoregion, the landforms consist in large part of canyons, valleys and the intervening small mountain ranges, ridges and plateaus. The northwestern part of this ecoregion is dominated by relative flatter and more extensive plateaus at somewhat higher elevation than the remainder of the ecoregion. This plateau country breaks into similarly highly dissected drainages and small mountain ranges towards the south. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 5 The Apache Highlands North is transitional in nature throughout its extent. Dramatic local differences in elevation, slope and aspect may result in striking variety in vegetation type and associated wildlife. Within a single square mile in this ecoregion it would not be unusual to encounter Great Basin Coniferous Woodland, Montane Coniferous Woodland, Chaparral, and Semidesert Grassland, as well as associated riparian and aquatic habitats. The Apache Highlands North is a relatively well-watered portion of the State. The higher elevations to the north receive some of the most significant precipitation in the State, and much of that runoff flows through this ecoregion. The Salt River forms a portion of the southern boundary of this ecoregion and the Verde River bisects it. Other significant drainages include upper portions of the Big Sandy and Santa Maria rivers; the Agua Fria, and New River drainages; the Verde tributaries Sycamore Creek, Oak Creek, Beaver Creek, West Clear Creek, and the East Verde River; the Salt tributaries Tonto Creek, Cherry Creek, Canyon Creek, Cibeque Creek, Carrizo Creek, and the White and Black rivers; and the upper Gila River tributaries Bonita Creek, Eagle Creek and the San Francisco River. Many of the smaller tributaries of these named systems have perennial or intermittent flow, providing aquatic habitat, support for riparian communities and water for wildlife consumption. Additionally, private landowners and the livestock industry have constructed numerous water impoundments across the breadth of this ecoregion that are of value to wildlife. The western third of the ecoregion is less well-watered. Significant portions of this western portion are covered by sagebrush and other Great Basin desertscrub species with Great Basin conifer forest vegetation occurring in the somewhat higher elevations with thinner soils and broken, rocky terrain. Significant canyon systems drain much of the north-central portion into the Colorado River through Cataract Canyon, with the north-western zone draining south and west to the Verde River through Big Chino and its tributaries. Land management responsibility in the Apache Highlands North is predominantly tribal or federal in the eastern two-thirds of the ecoregion. The White Mountain Apache and San Carlos Apache Indian reservations lie at the eastern-most portion of the ecoregion. West of these, the USFS (Apache-Sitgreaves, Coconino, Tonto and Prescott national forests) is the principal land manager. Only small areas of private land are found within these zones, although the private lands are often some of the most well-watered and ecologically significant. Farther west in the ecoregion large areas of Arizona State Trust lands are present, often interspersed with private land in a checkerboard pattern. These offer a challenge to management since access and control are often limited. The BLM also manages a significant portion of lands in the western part of the ecoregion, and many BLM areas are similarly checkerboarded with State Trust and private land. Due to the highly dissected nature of its topography, the more rugged areas of the Apache Highlands North are relatively not heavily influenced by human population centers. Major communities in the ecoregion include Payson, Camp Verde, Cottonwood, Prescott, Prescott Valley, Kingman, Chino Valley, and Globe. Because many of these communities are located in the large valleys of the ecoregion, where the topography is gentle and the soils are deeper, they have had a disproportionate influence on the condition of Plains/Great Basin Grassland landscapes, especially around Prescott, Prescott Valley, Kingman, and Chino Valley. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 6 APACHE HIGHLANDS SOUTH The Apache Highlands South Ecoregion, including 8.5 million acres in Arizona, is best known among the scientific community for its “sky islands.” Over 20 mountain ranges cloaked in pineoak woodland and mixed conifer forests rise abruptly from surrounding basins comprised of grassland and desertscrub to form forested islands among a “desert sea” (Marshall 1957; Marshall and others 2004; Warshall 1995). These have also been called the “Madrean archipelago” for their similarity to a chain of islands extending off the “continent” of the Sierra Madre (DeBano and others 1995). The elevation ranges from about 2200 to 10,717 feet, averaging about 4340 feet. Precipitation varies from about 10 to 30 inches per year according to elevation, with slightly more falling in summer than winter. Because of the variation in elevations as well as the location between the Sierra Madre to the south (Neotropic influence) and the Rocky Mountains to the north (Nearctic influence), an unusually rich fauna and flora exists here (Marshall and others 2004; Warshall 1995). At least 468 bird species (including accidental and casual migrants) have been verified in southeastern Arizona during the past 50 years, along with more than 240 butterfly species (Bailowitz and Brock 1991; Edison and others 1995). The San Pedro River is a natural perennial river with important wildlife habitat. The ecoregion includes a portion of the upper Gila River from the border with New Mexico to the mouth of the San Francisco River, an effluent-supported portion of the Santa Cruz River north from the Mexican Border, and numerous important riparian streams such as Sonoita Creek and Cienega Creek. Willcox Playa and Whitewater Draw, both ephemeral wetlands, are important for many species of wildlife, particularly sandhill cranes and waterfowl. The major urban area of southeastern Arizona is Tucson, in the Sonoran Desert Ecoregion, but its growth is encroaching into the adjacent Apache Highlands South Ecoregion. Other communities in the ecoregion are also growing, including Nogales, Douglas, Sierra Vista, Benson, Willcox, Bisbee, Tombstone, Patagonia, Sonoita, Arivaca, Rio Rico, and Oracle. ARIZONA-NEW MEXICO MOUNTAINS As its name suggests, the Arizona-New Mexico Mountains Ecoregion includes much of the mountainous terrain in Arizona and New Mexico, as well as a small piece of Texas. It covers more than 6 million acres in Arizona and contains most of the State’s conifer forests (TNC 1999). Elevation ranges from about 4000 to 12,643 feet, averaging about 7050 feet. One of the most prominent features of the ecoregion is the Mogollon Rim, an escarpment that traverses nearly 200 miles across central Arizona from just southwest of Flagstaff to the White Mountains of eastern Arizona, and which defines much of the southern edge of the ecoregion. No less dramatic are the San Francisco Peaks near Flagstaff, which may be seen from more than 100 miles away, and Mount Baldy in the White Mountains of eastern Arizona. Annual precipitation varies from 11 to 30 inches, evenly divided between summer and winter. Average temperatures vary seasonally and along elevation gradients, with all of the ecoregion receiving some snowfall. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 7 Vegetative communities found within the Arizona-New Mexico Ecoregion range from high elevation Tundra, atop the San Francisco Peaks, to the Plains and Great Basin Grassland/ Desertscrub at the lower most elevations. Over half of the ecoregion is composed of Montane Conifer and Subalpine Conifer vegetative communities. These vegetative communities consist of large conifer trees, predominantly ponderosa pine and spruce/fir forest, as well as aspen. The Arizona-New Mexico Ecoregion contains the headwaters of the Little Colorado River, the Gila River, and the Verde River, and well as numerous manmade impoundments. These and other aquatic systems and their associated riparian habitat, support a disproportionately high number of wildlife species. Land management responsibility in the Arizona-New Mexico Ecoregion is predominantly tribal or federal with interspersed State Trust lands. The northeastern portions of the ecoregion, consisting primarily of private and State Trust lands, have a checkerboard landownership pattern that increases the challenge of planning and implementation of a cohesive land management strategy. In this portion of the ecoregion, large parcels of land are being subdivided into smaller “ranchettes,” resulting in further fragmentation and loss of habitat. The major urban area within the ecoregion is the City of Flagstaff in the western portion of the ecoregion, with a population of approximately 61,000. Numerous other small communities including Williams, Show Low, Pinetop-Lakeside, Snowflake, Taylor, Eagar, and Springerville occur throughout the ecoregion. None of these can be considered urban although they are increasing in population as retirees, recreationists, and associated businesses move to the area. COLORADO PLATEAU The Colorado Plateau Ecoregion includes portions of Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. The Arizona portion covers 22.9 million acres, dominated by desertscrub and shrublands (CSE and others 2002; Tuhy and others 2002). Elevation ranges from about 1200 to 9200 feet, averaging about 5700 feet. It features extensive plains broken by sheer-walled canyons and buttes, and includes the Grand Canyon. Precipitation ranges from about 5 to 30 inches per year, with a high proportion falling in winter. Average temperatures vary seasonally and along elevation gradients, with all of the ecoregion receiving some snowfall. Due to the high elevation of most of the ecoregion, the temperature extremes and their influence on vegetative communities can be significant. This, along with the low precipitation received in most seasons, causes very low vegetative diversity in most of the area. Many of the plant communities have also been converted to monotypic stands of desertscrub and woodlands that were previously native grasslands. Soils are very thin and less than fertile due to: lack of vegetative cover; leaching of nutrients by solar radiation, wind, and water action; and a general low potential due to the nature of sandstone substrate. Vegetative communities at the higher elevations of the Kaibab Plateau and isolated higher elevations of the Arizona Strip consist of large conifer trees, predominantly ponderosa pine and spruce/fir forest, as well as aspen. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 8 The Colorado Plateau Ecoregion is entirely within the Colorado River watershed. Perennial tributaries to the Colorado River include the Paria and Little Colorado rivers, Tapeats, Kanab, and Havasu creeks. While the mainstem of the Colorado River is controlled by a series of dams, the tributaries are all relatively unencumbered by water control structures. Many smaller tributaries in the ecoregion are mainly intermittent. Most of the area within the ecoregion is very arid. Water for wildlife and livestock is supplemented by water developments such as guzzlers, catchments, and spring-fed tanks and troughs. Most of the land in the Colorado Plateau Ecoregion is federally or tribally owned, and is expected to continue so into the foreseeable future. This factor should help ensure wildlife diversity in the ecoregion by planning and partnering with the federal and tribal landowners is maximized. Acquisition of lands for conservation of wildlife habitat values is less desirable or not a viable alternative in most of the ecoregion, although some limited opportunities do exist around communities in the Little Colorado River valley. The ecoregion has the highest density of national parks, monuments and recreation areas of anywhere in the United States. This ecoregion contains NPS- and BLM-administered areas such as: the Grand Canyon, Lake Powell, Lake Mead, the Petrified Forest, the Wupatki ruins, Sunset Crater, Walnut Canyon, Grand Canyon-Parashant, Marble Canyon, Paria Canyon-Vermillion Cliffs. Many of these areas and additional parks, monuments, natural and wilderness areas cross state and tribal borders. The Colorado Plateau Ecoregion in Arizona contains no major urban centers, but numerous rural communities. The largest population centers are Page, Fredonia, Kayenta, Window Rock, Tuba City, Winslow, and Holbrook. Neighboring communities of Kanab and St. George (Utah), Gallup (New Mexico), and Flagstaff are also exerting an influence on the ecoregion. MOHAVE DESERT The Mohave Desert Ecoregion is a transitional region situated between the higher and cooler Great Basin Desert to the north and the warmer Sonoran Desert to the south (Lowe 1985). Arizona contains only the eastern edge of the Mohave Desert Ecoregion, with the remainder in California, Nevada, and Utah. Located in the northwest corner of the State, Arizona’s portion of the Mohave Desert covers 3.2 million acres and is dominated by Mohave Desertscrub. This habitat type is intermediate between the Great Basin Desertscrub and the Sonoran Desertscrub habitats. Upper and lower Sonoran vegetation types are found along the southwestern border of the ecoregion. It is difficult to distinguish between the Sonoran Desertscrub and the Mohave Desertscrub, since many plant species from both vegetation types are present in the southern portion of the ecoregion. Five other vegetation types are found in the ecoregion, and are typically associated with mountain ranges and higher elevation basins. The primary mountain ranges of the ecoregion are the Virgin, Black, Cerbat, and Mohave. Elevation ranges from about 450 to over 8000 feet, averaging 2770 feet. This ecoregion features Basin and Range topography, with broad valleys separated by rugged mountain ranges. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 9 Precipitation ranges from about 5 to 11 inches per year, with slightly more winter than summer precipitation. The Colorado and Virgin rivers are the primary river systems in the ecoregion. The Colorado River has been modified over most of its length with the creation of lakes Mead, Mohave, and Havasu. Recreation activities in the form of boating, fishing, and other water-sports, is prevalent along this entire reach of the Colorado River, especially from Southern California and surrounding population centers. Historically, the Colorado River and its associated wetlands, flood plains, and riparian forests, provided habitat for a diverse array of wildlife species and native fish in this otherwise dry habitat. With the exception of the Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, few of these habitats still exist. The Virgin River and the surrounding riparian zone, which bisect the extreme northwest corner of the ecoregion, are also experiencing an increase in recreational pressures from the growing population centers of St. George, Utah and Mesquite, Nevada. Land ownership is a mixture of federal, state, and private. Private land is primarily checkerboarded with BLM land, although large blocks are present in the Sacramento Valley and on the south side of the Black Mountains. The entire length of the Colorado River north of Bullhead City is contained within the Lake Mead National Recreation Area. Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, which is administered by the USFWS, has a large section of land north of Lake Havasu City along the Colorado River. Small parcels of State Trust land are scattered throughout the ecoregion. Major communities in the ecoregion include Lake Havasu City, Bullhead City, Fort Mohave, Golden Valley, Littlefield, and Dolan Springs. With mild winter temperatures and close proximity to recreational opportunities along the Colorado River, this area is experiencing tremendous population growth. Over the past decade, this has been the fastest growing region in Arizona, with a growth rate that is over 3 times the national average (U.S. Census Bureau 2005). SONORAN DESERT The Sonoran Desert Ecoregion in Arizona covers 22.3 million acres, and is dominated by desert scrub communities (Marshall and others 2000; Phillips and Comus 2000). Elevation ranges from about 70 to 5900 feet, averaging about 1350 feet. The ecoregion features Basin-and-Range topography, with broad valleys separated by rugged mountain ranges. Annual precipitation in the ecoregion ranges from about 3 to 17 inches, with slightly more annual rainfall within higher elevations inclusions of other vegetation types. Moving from east to west, total precipitation decreases and there is less influence from summer rains. The most striking feature of this ecoregion is the cactus-dominated vegetation communities, with giant saguaros and chollas being the most conspicuous. Biodiversity of the Sonoran Desert is among the highest of any desert in the world (Phillips and Comus 2000) and can be manifested here in surprising ways. In one of the drier portions of the ecoregion, Rosenstock and others (2004) found over 200 species of native bees, one of the most diverse such communities in North America. In a review of several studies of breeding birds, Nabhan and Holdsworth (1999) Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 10 concluded that in terms of breeding bird diversity and productivity, the Sonoran Desert's riparian habitats are among the richest in all of North America. The primary river systems and riparian areas in the Sonoran Desert Ecoregion include: the lower reaches of the Colorado, Bill Williams, Big Sandy, Santa Maria, Hassayampa, Agua Fria, Gila, Verde, Salt, Santa Cruz, and San Pedro rivers. The eastern edge of the ecoregion contains a number of river impoundment reservoirs: Lake Pleasant, Bartlett, Horsehoe, Saguaro, Canyon, Apache, Roosevelt, and San Carlos. Recreation activities in the form of boating, fishing, and other water-sports are prevalent along the Colorado River and the ecoregion’s larger reservoirs. Extensive water diversion projects occur in this ecoregion: the Central Arizona Project canal, the Salt River Project network of canals in and around the Phoenix metropolitan area, and the Mohawk-Welton network of canals along the lower Gila River. Along with groundwater sources, these projects divert surface water from the Colorado, Salt, and Gila rivers to support the ecoregion’s municipal, industrial, and agricultural water needs. The scenic desert settings and warm, sunny climate continue to make the Sonoran Desert a favored destination for relocation and retirement. Population of the counties that comprise the Sonoran Desert Ecoregion increased from 1.0 million in 1960 to 4.1 million in 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau 2000). This 300% increase far outpaced the 62% increase recorded for the nation as a whole during the same period (U.S. Census Bureau 2000). Continued increases will create additional direct and indirect stresses on the ecoregion. Major urban areas are the Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas, both of which are rapidly expanding into previously undeveloped desert. Other communities in the ecoregion are also growing rapidly, most notably: Green Valley, Casa Grande, Marana, Sahuarita, Buckeye, Wickenburg, and the Colorado River communities of San Luis, Yuma, and Lake Havasu City. ARIZONA’S VEGETATIVE COMMUNITIES AND RIPARIAN/AQUATIC SYSTEMS Traditionally, the Department has managed wildlife and evaluated resources at the landscape level (vegetative communities) and below. Brown and Lowe (1974) vegetation communities were used to represent landscapes in the CWCS since this classification is imbedded in most of the commonly used ecoregion and province classifications for Arizona (Table C). The landscapes represent areas having similar vegetative characteristics but may not be contiguous. These classes represent non-overlapping areas of the state and specific vegetation types. Conditions in these landscapes are diverse and represent a mosaic of patches due to hydrology, disturbance regime, microclimates, topography, and landscapes structures. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 11 Table C. Percentages of Vegetation Community Owned by Different Arizona Land Owners (based on ASLD GIS data). Note: Each row represents 100% of that vegetation type; columns are not additive. AZ Game Community Federal Community Description & Fish Type Other Private State Trust Tribal Sum Desertscrub Arizona Upland Sonoran Chihuahuan Great Basin Lwr Colorado R Sonoran Mohave Desertscrub Total 0.03 0 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.04 43.95 30.58 20.67 45.02 72.52 42.86 3.84 0.18 0 10.10 0.11 4.88 11.94 25.85 5.88 22.54 17.41 15.84 16.61 43.39 3.49 10.17 5.03 11.81 23.62 0 69.93 12.12 4.90 24.57 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Grasslands Plains and Great Basin Semidesert Subalpine Grasslands Total 0.06 0.05 0 0.05 11.82 26.31 85.50 18.11 0.02 1.60 0 0.68 28.51 33.67 0.47 30.55 15.82 32.68 0 22.77 43.77 5.70 14.03 27.84 100% 100% 100% 100% Woodlands Alpine Tundra Great Basin Conifer Interior Chaparral Madrean Evergreen Montane Conifer Subalpine Conifer Woodlands Total 0 0.07 0 0.06 0.07 0 0.06 100.00 38.12 66.67 71.92 64.80 70.70 50.51 0 0 0 0.06 0 0 0.01 0 13.00 10.13 10.36 3.82 0.16 10.39 0 7.71 15.36 8.10 1.30 0 7.39 0 41.10 7.84 9.49 30.01 29.14 31.65 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% DESERTSCRUB Lowland Sonoran: elevation 100-3000 ft Vegetation is dominated by low, open stands of creosotebush and bursage. Smaller areas that have low, undrained and salt-affected soils commonly are dominated by saltbush, acacia, and mesquites. Has annual species, sometimes referred to as “ephemerals,” since they grow only after brief moist periods and are short-lived. Other conspicuous species include: desert broom, chuparosa, ocotillo, cholla, ironwood, palo verde, desert willow, and canyon ragweed. Upland Sonoran: elevation 500-3500 ft Leguminous trees and succulents are abundant. Tree species include: foothill and blue palo verde, ironwood, mesquites, and cat-claw acacia. The giant saguaro cactus is found in this community, as are numerous other succulent species including: chollas, pincushions, barrel cacti, organpipe, ocotillo, hedgehog, and prickly-pear. Other conspicuous species include: creosotebush, jojoba, brittlebush, desert hackberry, triangle-leaf bursage, ratany, desert broom, desert willow, and chuparosa. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 12 Mohave: elevation 1000-5500 ft Landscapes are typically quite barren and desolate in appearance with low, scattered shrubs; predominately creosotebush, brittlebush, bursage, desert holly, shadscale, and blackbrush. Annuals cover the ground in wet years. Although this landscape is shrub-dominated and lacks giant cacti and many tree species, several large plants such as the Joshua tree and Mohave yucca are common, and mesquites and cat-claw acacia are present. Chihuahuan: elevation 2000-5500 ft Vegetative community consists of many species of shrubs, leaf succulents, and small cacti. Indicator species include: creosotebush, tarbush, and whitethorn acacia. Trees are rare, but numerous species of small cacti such as prickly pear, cholla, barrel, and hedgehog are present. Other conspicuous species present include: ocotillo, mesquites, desert zinnias, agaves, century plant, sandpaperbush, and a number of yuccas. Great Basin: elevation 3000-6500 ft Vegetation consists mostly of scattered low, small-leafed shrubs and almost no trees or succulents. Indicator species are big sagebrush and shadscale. Other conspicuous species present include: blackbrush, Mormon-tea, four-wing saltbush, greasewood, rabbitbrush, horsebrush, and winterfat. GRASSLANDS Plains/Great Basin: elevation 5000-7000 ft Perennial grass dominated landscape usually composed of mixed or shortgrass communities. Blue, black, and sideoats gramas are important. Other important grasses include: buffalo-grass, Indian rice grass, Galleta grass, prairie Junegrass, Plains lovegrass, vine mesquite grass, Texas Timothy, and alkali sacaton. Shrubs such as four-wing saltbush, sagebrush, winterfat, cholla, and rabbitbrush may be scattered throughout. Junipers have invaded large areas of all types of grasslands in the Southwest. Forbs are abundant. Semidesert: elevation 3500-4500 ft Originally, the grasses were perennial bunch grasses, the bases of the clumps separated by intervening bare ground. Currently, three-awn and tobosa species together with grama grasses dominate. Some areas are essentially pure stands of grass. In other places, an open savanna with grasses beneath oaks or mesquites is common. Most areas are Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 13 characterized by short-grasses interspersed with a variety of low-growing trees, shrubs, and cacti. Grass species include: black, blue, sideoats and hairy gramas, buffalo grass, Plains lovegrass, little bluestem, Plains bristlegrass, fluffgrass, burrograss, Lehmann lovegrass, and hairy tridens. Forbs and weeds are abundant. Other conspicuous species present include: acacias, prickly-pear cactus, century plant, cholla, and yuccas. Subalpine: elevation 8500+ft Typically a high elevation, lush grassland habitat dominated by perennial bunchgrasses and forbs. Unlike plains and desert grasslands, subalpine grasslands receive relatively high average annual precipitation. WOODLANDS / FORESTS Chaparral: elevation 4000-6000 ft Often comprised almost entirely of 2 species of manzanita and shrub live oak, which form a dense, nearly impenetrable thicket. Receives substantial summer rainfall. Because of the high percentage of crown cover, forbs and grasses are not abundant except in the scattered interscrub openings or after a fire event. Other conspicuous species present include: birchleaf mountain-mahogany, skunkbush sumac, silktassels, and desert ceanothus. Succulents such as prickly-pear cactus, agaves, and yuccas commonly grow alongside shrubs. Madrean: elevation 5000-7000 ft Predominantly found in southeastern Arizona. Evergreen oaks dominate with junipers and sometimes pines also growing in the mix. Open savannas are common in some areas with numerous grasses growing beneath the oaks. Common tree species include: Emory oak, Mexican blue oak, Arizona oak, silverleaf oak, alligator bark juniper, one-seed juniper, and Mexican pinyon pine. Great Basin Conifer: elevation 3400-8800 ft Evergreen woodland dominated by juniper and pinyon-pine species. North of the Mogollon Rim, Utah and one-seed juniper are intermixed with pinyon and to the south, alligator juniper grows. Colorado Pinyon-pine is the characteristic species throughout nearly the entire zone. Singleleaf pinyon grows locally intermixed with Utah juniper, mostly in northwestern Arizona. Grassland, desertscrub, or chaparral woodland may form an understory beneath and between woodland trees, depending on the area. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 14 Montane Conifer: elevation 6000-9000 ft Ponderosa pine dominates, with Douglas fir and white fir growing in varying proportions. Other tree species include limber pine, southwestern white pine, Gambel oak, silverleaf oak, bigtooth maple, and quaking aspen. Many stands of ponderosa pine are relatively open or park-like, which permits the growth of grasses, forbs, shrubs, and broadleaf trees as understory. Mainly located along the southern rim of the Colorado Plateau in central Arizona as an unbroken ponderosa pine forest. In southern Arizona, the Montane Conifer Forest grows primarily on the larger mountains as “islands.” Alpine Conifer: elevation 8000-9000 ft A mix of many coniferous and one deciduous species characterize these spruce-alpine fir woodlands. The principal boreal conifers are: Engelmann spruce, blue spruce, corkbark fir, white fir, Douglas fir, bristlecone pine and limber pine. Quaking aspen is the dominant deciduous species, both intermixed with various coniferous species and in pure stands. Dense overstories common to these forests severely limit or prevent growth of herbaceous vegetation. Tundra: elevation 11,000-12,600 ft Located on the peaks of the San Francisco Mountains in northern Arizona. Extreme cold temperatures exclude trees and succulents. Dominant plants are ground-hugging woody shrubs and perennial herbs. RIPARIAN / AQUATIC SYSTEMS Wetlands/Springs/Seeps – Scattered through out the state, these landscapes provide critical habitat for a number of species. Wetlands, whether perennial or intermittent, provide important habitat for migrating waterfowl. All seeps and springs provide water for wildlife consumption, while some are host to a number of rare and endemic species. This category also includes natural cienegas (marshes), tinajas (ephemeral pools), and stock tanks. In addition, these features often support riparian vegetation which varies across the state but is often more diverse and lush than surrounding vegetation. Streams/Rivers – Includes both perennial and intermittent running waters and the associated riparian area. Lakes/Reservoirs – Includes small man-made lakes, backwater lakes, and large reservoirs, associated marshes and riparian vegetation throughout the state. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 15 SITE-SPECIFIC OR FINE-SCALE LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION Landscape-level conservation strategies are designed to benefit multiple populations of wildlife regardless of vulnerability status, through protection of the natural resources upon which they depend. Many wildlife populations, however, have very specific needs that are not necessarily met by generalized strategies. In these cases, localized actions are often needed to insure the well-being of those populations. Any number of circumstances can prompt site-specific conservation actions. Threatened or highly vulnerable species may require localized monitoring to insure their survival. An example would be active monitoring of bald eagle nests by Department volunteers and contractors. Small, geographically isolated populations with specific habitat needs are at risk of extirpation if those habitats are degraded or converted to other uses. Relocations and reintroductions of extirpated species may require habitat modeling, while many existing populations benefit from habitat improvements and removal of undesirable nonnative species. For example, the Fossil Creek renovation effort in 2004 involved removal of nonnative fish with the replacement of natives, following the return of natural stream flows to the creek with the decommissioning of the hydropower facility at Childs. Efforts are also underway to restore prime grassland habitat for pronghorn antelope through managing juniper encroachment, identifying and restoring important corridors, and restoring wetlands on Anderson Mesa. These are just a few examples of site-specific conservation actions already underway. The Department is working with numerous land managers and conservation partners on many sitespecific activities to promote restoration and recovery of wildlife and wildlife habitats. WILDLIFE OF CONSERVATION PRIORITY (ELEMENT 1) CWCS Processes (Companion Document A) describe the criteria used to identify wildlife of conservation priority for Arizona’s CWCS. Specific species criteria are imbedded in the following 4 categories: Vulnerable Species. In addition to identifying species identified legally as threatened, endangered, candidate, or of special concern (under federal and/or state lists). Responsibility Species. Some species depend primarily on healthy populations within Arizona in order to maintain the whole species. Other species may reside primarily in Mexico and have sub-populations extending into the United States only in Arizona. In addition, many wildlife species are of special importance to tribes in Arizona. Community Focal Species. Some species contribute more to ecosystem functioning than one might expect based on their numbers or biomass. Other species, through selective use of ecosystem resources, are especially informative about the condition of those ecosystems. Finally, some species move across the landscape in the course of the year or Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 16 during their lifetimes, so that they rely on healthy functioning of more than one landscape to maintain healthy populations. Social or Economic Value Species. This category includes many species that have traditionally been hunted or fished, others for their value as “watchable wildlife,” or state and national symbols. Table D provides a summary of how many wildlife species per taxon group that were identified as priority for conservation in Arizona. Lists of wildlife of conservation priority per ecoregion can be found in Appendix A. Table D. Number of wildlife species in Arizona that ranked as high priority among 4 evaluation categories (2005). Total Total Community Social / Species in Priority Focal Economic ArizonaA Species B Vulnerable Responsibility Amphibians 31 23 16 7 9 4 Birds 396 352 138 9 294 102 Fish 72 49 35 21 33 17 Crustaceans & Mollusks 85 29 29 24 25 0 Mammals 166 115 72 44 39 34 Reptiles 143 79 58 16 6 20 Total 893 647 348 121 406 177 A : Of the 893 taxa (vertebrates, crustaceans, and mollusks) in the master list, how many in each taxon B : “Priority taxa” here do not include those only identified using the ‘Data Sufficiency’ criterion. Note: Other macroinvertebrates not evaluated at this time due to insufficient data. Table E summarizes where various taxon groups scored within each criteria under the “Community Focal Species” category. Note: numbers of species are not additive along the taxon rows, since some species evaluated were identified in both criteria ‘Habitat Quality Indicators’ and ‘Home Range Size’ or even among all 3 criteria. Table E. Criteria that influenced the ‘Community Focal’ species scores for each taxon. Numbers are counts of priority species that scored a ‘1’ under this criterion. ‘Focal’ Priority Habitat Quality Keystone and Species Indicator Home Range Size Strongly Interactive Amphibians 9 9 0 0 Birds 294 29 277 0 Fish 33 29 7 22 Crustaceans & Mollusks* 25 25 0 0 Mammals 39 28 7 14 Reptiles 6 6 0 0 Total 406 126 291 36 * Other macroinvertebrates not evaluated at this time due to insufficient data. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 17 The Department manages species at either the species or subspecies level, depending on various factors such as: legal requirements and protections, interagency coordination, stakeholder concerns, funding eligibility, national or international reporting conventions, and/or taxonomic determinations through scientific documentation. Counts of wildlife for Arizona’s CWCS may therefore not correspond exactly to counts on other Department species lists or narratives. Data Sufficiency Species. Earlier approaches to conservation of vulnerable species focused on species that were well-known enough to warrant concern. This approach, however, allows other species to “slip under the radar,” becoming a conservation crisis. This category is used to identify those species whose population status is not adequately understood to evaluate management needs. These species may be stable or increasing, but little is known about the species to actively management them effectively. This category feeds directly to research, survey, and monitoring needs, without calling for conservation activities unless the informationgathering activities indicate this is necessary. A total of 221 species were identified in the Data Sufficiency category: 99 birds, 55 crustaceans and mollusks, 52 mammals, and 15 reptiles. These species are identified per ecoregion in Appendix B. An improved understanding of the status of these species is desirable to fully understand their management needs. The Department’s understanding of the vulnerability of amphibians and native fishes in Arizona is relatively complete. Extensive surveys of native fishes and amphibians in Arizona have been conducted and their vulnerability is better documented. STRESSORS/THREATS TO ARIZONA’S WILDLIFE (ELEMENT 3) Arizona’s wildlife and wildlife habitats have been affected by numerous land management actions and human activities throughout the state’s history. These activities should be viewed in context with past social values and prevailing conditions relative to today. Many current stressors to wildlife result from a legacy of early use and stewardship of Arizona’s landscapes. Prior to Spanish occupation in the 1500s, the landscapes and ecosystems of Arizona were being influenced by human activities. Aboriginal cultures used wildlife resources as forage, cultivated crops, diverted water, extracted timber, and may have used fire as a hunting tool (Turner and others 2003). Spanish settlers brought more agriculture to Arizona along with horses, sheep, and cattle. However, it wasn’t until the 1880s when railroads linked the Arizona Territory with other states, that Arizona’s natural resources were effectively exploited and shipped elsewhere. Over the next few decades, mining, agriculture, timber harvest, and livestock production dominated the State’s economy (Sheridan 1995). Over time these pioneering industries eventually gave way to emerging service and technological fields, but they still remain integral to Arizona’s current economy and exist in varying levels of intensity throughout the State (Arizona Department of Commerce 2002). The impacts from historic high levels of these activities still persist in many of the state’s landscapes and recovery of those areas to pre-settlement conditions is slow (Cooper 1960; Cooke and Reeves 1976; Turner and others 2003). Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 18 By the early twentieth century, new constituencies began to influence Arizona’s economy. With the establishment of national forests, parks, and monuments by the federal government, tourism took a hold in Arizona (Sheridan 1995). Over time, regulated hunting and fishing overshadowed subsistence harvesting of wildlife. Other outdoor recreational pursuits increased as well, especially after World War II, when Arizona’s population growth accelerated. Currently, population growth in Arizona is among the highest in the nation, growing 40% from 3.6 to 5.1 million between 1990 and 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau 2000). Current estimates indicate an additional 13% growth in population from 2000 to 2004 (U.S. Census Bureau 2005). While Phoenix and Tucson continue to grow as desert urban centers, rural development is increasing rapidly throughout the State. This growth presents a number of challenges to wildlife conservation including but not limited to: habitat loss due to development; habitat fragmentation and degradation from networks of roads and utility lines; introduction of non-native plants and animals that may be invasive and nuisance species; and increased demand for already limited water resources. Pima County was quick to recognize these threats and developed the Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan that integrates natural, cultural, and historical resource protection with urban growth (Ewing and others 2005). Recreational pressures on Arizona’s landscapes are also increasing due to the growing population, mild winter climate, and many open spaces. Popular outdoor activities include: hiking, camping, hunting, fishing, sightseeing, wildlife-watching, watercraft and off-highway vehicle use, and other recreational and wildlife-oriented pursuits. The Department is committed to supporting a multiple-use policy (AGFC 1991) that assures quality wildlands are available to the public now and in the future. Under this policy, the Department’s goal is to reduce stress to wildlife and wildlife habitats while insuring quality outdoor recreation opportunities for people. Changes in land status on State and federal lands and access restrictions onto and across private lands also add to the difficulty of sustaining viable populations of wildlife, conserving natural habitats, and accommodating increased outdoor recreation, economic prosperity, and urban/rural growth across Arizona. Periodic drought is a normal component of the climate system in the Southwest (Cobb and Clark 2003). Drought affects wildlife and wildlife habitat through various means: it places additional stress on species for limited water resources (Sprigg and others 2000); increases susceptibility of forests to insect outbreaks and pathogens (Dale and others 2001); favors the spread of unwanted introduced species (Allen and Breshears 1998); alters ecosystem function (Franklin and others 1992; Dale and others 2000); and increases the possibility of large-scale wildfires (Sprigg and others 2000). In addition, recurrent drought may now be superimposed on climate change. The Southwest has been subject to a slight warming trend over the last 100 years that is expected to continue into the next century. According to climate prediction models, temperatures are expected to rise 4-5 °F by 2030 and 7-12 °F by 2090 (Sprigg and others 2000). In coming decades, such changes are expected to produce major shifts in vegetation distributions at unprecedented rates (IPCC 1998). Recent research has shown that considerable vegetation changes have occurred in the past and can be expected in Arizona’s future (Betancourt 1990; Brown and others 1997; Allen and Breshears 1998; Sprigg and others 2000). Often, these Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 19 changes were a result of widespread mortality due to secondary effects such as insect infestations and fire. Currently the frequency, size, intensity, seasonality, and type of fires have changed throughout the Southwest (Dale and others 2001). In addition, the frequency of large-scale, high intensity fires is increasing throughout the region (Sprigg and others 2000; Dale and others 2001). Traditional practices of wildfire suppression have also contributed to these trends in forest structure and composition (Collier and Webb 2002). Gori and Enquist (2003) documented a substantial decline in the area of grasslands throughout the Apache Highlands. Approximately 37% of historical grasslands have undergone a cover-type conversion to shrublands, and an additional 32% will likely be converted to shrubland in the near future due to current land management practices. Conservation of grasslands is needed to maintain many grassland species, particularly wide-ranging species such as pronghorn. Increased fire hazards, drought, and climate change present unique challenges for wildlife management planning because predicting their occurrences is uncertain. However, the effects of these processes are well known and need to be incorporated into management and policy plans (Cobb and Clark 2003). As described in the CWCS Processes (Companion Document A), important stressors to wildlife and wildlife habitat were identified for Arizona (Table F). Table F. Specific stressors that were evaluated as important in at least one landscape type, per ecoregion. Stressors that ranked ‘high’ or ‘extreme’ in aquatic/riparian (A) landscapes only, terrestrial (T) landscapes only, or both (B) terrestrial and aquatic/riparian landscapes. Ecoregions A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B Stressors A A A A A Motorized recreation off-trail A A A A A Unauthorized roads & trails A A A A A Unnatural fire regimes A A A A Insect Infestation A A A A Loss of key predators/prey A A A A Urban growth A A A A Feral animals A A A A Illegal dumping/littering A A A A Power lines/wind-harnessing turbines A A A A Right-of-way fencing along roadways A A A Habitat fragmentation/barriers A A A Roads (for motorized vehicles) A A A Rural development A A A Groundwater depletion/springhead use B B A B B Livestock management B B B Soil erosion B B B B B Disease/pathogens/parasites B B B B Drought Habitat degradation/shrub invasions AZNM SD MD CP AHN AHS Altered river flow regimes Streambank alteration/channelization Bait-bucket dumping/illegal stocking Management for game and sport fish Water diversion/water catchments Dams/reservoirs/impoundments Heavy metals/mine tailings Canals/pipelines Mining Contaminants from waste water/runoff Pesticides/herbicides Sediment/ash flows Unnatural fire regimes Recreational sites/facilities Nuisance animals Shift to warmer climate Nuisance plants Grazing by herbivores AZNM SD MD CP AHN AHS Stressors Ecoregions T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T B A B B B T T B T TA B T TA B B B A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 20 Table F. Specific stressors that were evaluated as important in at least one landscape type, per ecoregion. Stressors that ranked ‘high’ or ‘extreme’ in aquatic/riparian (A) landscapes only, terrestrial (T) landscapes only, or both (B) terrestrial and aquatic/riparian landscapes. Ecoregions Stressors Specific to Border Issues (Sonoran Desert and Apache Highlands South only) Altered fire regimes B T Dispersed camping Enforcement activities B A Illegal dumping/littering Enforcement fences B Unauthorized roads & trails Light pollution B Water use/contamination Disease/pathogens/parasites AZNM SD MD CP AHN AHS AZNM SD MD CP AHN AHS Stressors Ecoregions B B B T T B B B Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 21 LITERATURE CITED Allen, CD and DD Breshears. 1998. Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: rapid landscape response to climate variation. Proceedings National Academy of Science 95: 14839-14842. Arizona Department of Commerce. 2002. Statewide Economic Study Part 1: economic base study and special reports. Phoenix, Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Commission (AGFC). 1991. Commission policy statement on multipleuse (effective March 15, 1991). A2.18 of the Department Operating Manual. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. Bailowitz, RA and JP Brock. 1991. Butterflies of Southeastern Arizona. Sonoran Arthropod Studies, Inc., Tucson, Arizona. Behavior Research Center, Inc. 2004. Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Survey— Arizona. Prepared for the Arizona Game and Fish Department. Phoenix, Arizona. Betancourt, JL 1990. Late Quaternary biogeography of the Colorado Plateau. Pp. 259-293 In: Betancourt, JL, TRV Devender, and PS Martin, editors. Packrat middens: The last 40,000 years of biotic change. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 469 p. Brown, DE (editor). 1982. Biotic Communities of the American Southwest - United States and Mexico. Desert Plants - Special Issue Vol. 4, No. 1-4. Brown, DE (editor). 1994. Biotic Communities: Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah. 342 pp. Brown, DE, and CH Lowe. 1974. A digitized computer-compatible classification for natural and potential vegetation in the Southwest with particular reference to Arizona. Journal Arizona Academy Science 9, Supplement 2: 1-11 Brown, JH, TJ Valone, and CG Curtin. 1997. Reorganization of an arid ecosystem in response to recent climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 94: 9729-9733. Center for Sustainable Environments (CSE), Terralingua, and Grand Canyon Wildlands Council. 2002. Safeguarding the uniqueness of the Colorado Plateau: an ecoregional assessment of biocultural diversity. Flagstaff, Arizona. 98 pp. http://www.terralingua.org/OtherPubs/Colorado%20Plateau.pdf Collier, M and RH Webb. 2002. Floods, Droughts, and Climate Change. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. 153 pp. Cobb, N and E Clark. 2003. 2003 Southwest Drought Summit Summary Report. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 22 Cooke, RU and RW Reeves. 1976. Arroyos and Environmental Change in the American SouthWest. Clarenden Press, Oxford. 213 pp. Cooper, CF. 1960. Changes in vegetation, structure, and growth of southwester pine forests since white settlement. Ecological Monographs 30:129-164. Dale, VH, LA Joyce, S McNulty, and RP Nielson. 2000. The interplay between climate changes, forests, and disturbances. Science of the Total Environment 262: 201-204. Dale, VH, LA Joyce, S McNulty, RP Nielson, MP Ayres, MD Flannigan, PJ Hanson, LC Irland, AE Lugo, CJ Peterson, D Simberloff, FJ Swanson, BJ Stocks, and BM Wotton. 2001. Climate change and forest disturbances. Bioscience 51:723-734. DeBano, LF, PF Ffolliott, A Ortega-Rubio, GJ Gottfried, RH Hamre, and CB Edminster. 1995. Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago: the sky islands of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico: September 19-23, 1994, Tucson, Arizona. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. 669 pp. Edison, J, M Malone, R Ruisinger, RO Russell, J Tweit, R Tweit, and D Yetman. 1995. Davis and Russell’s finding birds in southeast Arizona. Tucson Audubon Society, Tucson, Arizona. Ewing, R, J Kostyack, D Chen, B Stein, and M Ernst. 2005. Endangered by sprawl: how runaway development threatens America’s wildlife. National Wildlife Foundation, Smart Growth America, and NatureServe. Washington, DC. 53 pp. Franklin, JF, FJ Swanson, ME Harmon, DA Perry, TA Spies, VH Dale, A McKee, WK Ferrell, JE Means, SV Gregory, JD Lattin, TD Schowalter, and D David. 1992. Effects of global climatic change on forests in northwestern North America. 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Pacific Coast Avifauna. 125 pp. Marshall, RM, S Anderson, M Batcher, P Comer, S Cornelius, R Cox, A Gondor, D Gori, J Humke, R Paredes Aguilar, IE Parra, S Schwartz. 2000. An Ecological Analysis of Conservation Priorities in the Sonoran Desert Ecoregion. Prepared by The Nature Conservancy Arizona Chapter, Sonoran Institute, and Instituto del Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora with support from Department of Defense Legacy Program, Agency and Institutional partners. 146 pp. Marshall, RM, D Turner, A Gondor, D Gori, C Enquist, G Luna, R Paredes Aguilar, S Anderson, S Schwartz, C Watts, E Lopez, P Comer. 2004. An Ecological Analysis of Conservation Priorities in the Apache Highlands Ecoregion. Prepared by The Nature Conservancy of Arizona, Instituto del Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora, agency and institutional partners. 152 pp. Nabhan, GP and AR Holdsworth. 1999. State of the Biome: Uniqueness, Biodiversity, Threats and the Adequacy of Protection in the Sonoran Bioregion. The Wildlands Project. Tucson, Arizona. 80 pp. Nature Conservancy, The (TNC). 1999. Ecoregional conservation analysis of the Arizona - New Mexico Mountains. The Nature Conservancy of New Mexico, Santa Fe. 151 pp. Nature Conservancy, The (TNC). 2001. Ecoregion-based conservation in the Mojave Desert. The Nature Conservancy of Nevada, Las Vegas. 367 pp. Phillips, SJ and PW Comus. 2000. A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert. University of California Press. 650 pp. Rosenstock, SS, MJ Rabe, CS O’Brien, and RB Waddell. 2004. Studies of wildlife water developments in southwestern Arizona: wildlife use, water quality, wildlife diseases, wildlife mortalities, and influences on native pollinators. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Research Branch Technical Guidance Bulletin No. 8. Phoenix, Arizona. 15 pp. Sheridan, TE. 1995. Arizona: A History. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. Silberman, J. 2002. The Economic Importance of Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation for the State of Arizona. School of Management, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Sprigg, W, T Hinkley, and the Southwest Regional Assessment Group. 2000. Preparing for a Changing Climate: the potential consequences of climate variability and change. Report for the US Global Change Research Program. Institute for the Study of Planet Earth, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. 60 pp. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 24 Stein, BA, LS Kutner, and JS Adams (editors). 2000. Precious Heritage: the Status of Biodiversity in the United States. Oxford University Press. 416 pp. Teaming With Wildlife Committee (TWW). 2003a. State Wildlife Grants: The Nation’s Core Program for Preventing Wildlife from Becoming Endangered. International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Washington DC. www.teaming.com Tuhy, JS, P Comer, D Dorfman, M Lammert, J Humke, B Cholvin, G Bell, B Neely, S Silbert, L Whitham, and B Baker. 2002. A conservation assessment of the Colorado Plateau ecoregion. The Nature Conservancy, Moab, Utah. 110 p. + appendices. Turner, RM. 1994. Mohave desertscrub. in Brown, DE (editor) Biotic Communities: Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. University of Utah Press. Salt Lake City, Utah. Turner, RM, RH Webb, JE Bowers, and JR Hastings. 2003. The Changing Mile Revisited: an ecological study of vegetation change with time in the lower mile of an arid and semiarid region. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. 334 pp. US Census Bureau. 2000. Arizona County and State Statistics. http://www.census.gov/census2000/states/az.html US Census Bureau. 2005. Arizona County and State Statistics. http://www.census.gov/census2005/states/az.html Warshall, P. 1995. Southwestern sky island ecosystems. Pp. 318-322 in ET LaRoe, GS Farris, CE Puckett, PD Doran, and MJ Mac (editors) Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of US plants, animals, and ecosystems. US Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, DC. Warshall, P. 1995. The Madrean sky island archipelago: A planetary overview. Pp. 6-18 in LF DeBano, PF Ffolliott, A Ortega-Rubio, GJ Gottfried, RH Hamre, and CB Edminister (technical coordinators). Biodiversity and management of the madrean archipelago: the sky islands of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. 1994 September 1923, Tucson, Arizona. General Technical Report RM-GTR-264. Fort Collins, Colorado: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 669 pp. Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 25 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Amphibian Bufo debilis Western Green Toad Amphibian X Bufo microscaphus Arizona Toad Amphibian X Bufo punctatus Red-spotted Toad Amphibian Bufo retiformis Sonoran Green Toad Amphibian Eleutherodactylus augusti Amphibian Gastrophryne olivacea Western Barking Frog Great Plains Narrow-mouthed Toad Amphibian X Hyla arenicolor Canyon Treefrog Amphibian X Mountain Treefrog Amphibian Desert Pacific Treefrog Amphibian wrightorum Pseudacris regilla deserticola X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Pseudacris triseriata Western Chorus Frog Amphibian Pternohyla fodiens Lowland Burrowing Treefrog Amphibian X X Rana blairi Plains Leopard Frog Amphibian X X X Rana chiricahuensis Chiricahua Leopard Frog Amphibian X X X Rana onca Relict Leopard Frog Amphibian X X X X Rana pipiens Northern Leopard Frog Amphibian X Rana tarahumarae Tarahumara Frog Amphibian X X X X X X Rana yavapaiensis Lowland Leopard Frog Amphibian X Rana subaquavocalis Ramsey Canyon Leopard Frog Amphibian X Scaphiopus couchii Couch’s Spadefoot Amphibian X Spea bombifrons Plains Spadefoot Amphibian X Spea intermontana Great Basin Spadefoot Amphibian X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Economic Amphibian Sonoran Tiger Salamander Responsible Arizona Tiger Salamander stebbinsi Focal nebulosum tigrinum Status (X=priority) Vulnerable tigrinum Ambystoma Hyla X Taxon Ambystoma cactorum X Sonoran Desert Common Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 26 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Status (X=priority) Sharp-shinned Hawk Bird X X X X X X X cooperii Cooper's Hawk Bird X X X X X X X Accipiter gentilis atricapillu Northern Goshawk Bird X X X X X X Accipiter gentilis apache Apache Northern Goshawk Bird Subspecies Common Taxon X X X X X X Actitis macularius Spotted Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X Aechmophorus occidentalis Western Grebe Bird X X X X X X X X Aechmophorus clarkii Clark's Grebe Bird X X X X X X X X Aegolius acadicus Northern Saw-whet Owl Bird X X X X X X Aeronautes saxatalis White-throated Swift Bird X X X X X X X Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged Blackbird Bird X X X X X X X Aimophila botterii Botteri's Sparrow Bird Aimophila cassinii Cassin's Sparrow Bird X X X X Aimophila carpalis Rufous-winged Sparrow Bird Aimophila ruficeps Rufous-crowned Sparrow Bird X X X X X X Aimophila quinquestriata Five-striped Sparrow Bird X Aix sponsa Wood Duck Bird X X X X X X X X Alectoris chukar Chukar Bird Amazilia beryllina Berylline Hummingbird Bird X X X Amazilia violiceps Violet-crowned Hummingbird Bird X Ammodramus bairdii Baird's Sparrow Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Economic Sonoran Desert striatus Accipiter Species Responsible Mohave Desert Accipiter Genus Focal Colorado Plateau Vulnerable AZ-NM Mountains Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X Ammodramus savannarum ammolegus Arizona Grasshopper Sparrow Bird Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus Western Grasshopper Sparrow Bird X X X X X X X Amphispiza bilineata Black-throated Sparrow Bird X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 27 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Status (X=priority) Sage Sparrow Bird X X X X X X X crecca Green-winged Teal Bird X X X X X X X Subspecies Common Taxon Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Bird X X X X X X Anas acuta Northern Pintail Bird X X X X X X X X Anas discors Blue-winged Teal Bird X X X X X X X X Anas cyanoptera Cinnamon Teal Bird X X X X X X Anas clypeata Northern Shoveler Bird X X X X X X Anas strepera Gadwall Bird X X X X X X Anas americana American Wigeon Bird X X X X X X Anser albifrons Greater White-fronted Goose Bird X X X X X X X Anthus rubescens American Pipit Bird Anthus spragueii Sprague's Pipit Bird Aphelocoma ultramarina Mexican Jay Bird Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Bird Asio otus Long-eared Owl Bird X X X X X X Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X Northern Gray Hawk Bird X Bird X X X X X X X Bird Western Burrowing Owl X X Black-chinned Hummingbird hypugaea X X Great Egret maxima X X alexandri nitida X X alba cunicularia X X Ardea Athene X X Archilochus Asturina X X X X Economic Sonoran Desert belli Anas Species Responsible Mohave Desert Amphispiza Genus Focal Colorado Plateau Vulnerable AZ-NM Mountains Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X Aythya valisineria Canvasback Bird X X X X X X Aythya americana Redhead Bird X X X X X X X X X Aythya collaris Ring-necked Duck Bird X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 28 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Bird X X X X X X Lesser Scaup Bird X X X X X X Baeolophus wollweberi Bridled Titmouse Bird X X X Basileuterus rufifrons Rufous-capped Warbler Bird Common Taxon Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar Waxwing Bird Botaurus lentiginosus American Bittern Bird Branta canadensis Canada Goose Branta hutchinsii Cackling Goose Bubulcus ibis Bucephala clangula X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Bird X X X X X X X X Bird X X X X X X X X Cattle Egret Bird X X X X X X X Common Goldeneye Bird X X X X X X X Economic Sonoran Desert Greater Scaup affinis Subspecies Responsible Mohave Desert marila Aythya Species Focal Colorado Plateau Aythya Genus Status (X=priority) Vulnerable AZ-NM Mountains Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X Bucephala islandica Barrow's Goldeneye Bird X X X X X X Bucephala albeola Bufflehead Bird X X X X X X Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk Bird X X X X X X X X X Buteo platypterus Broad-winged Hawk Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X Buteo brachyurus Short-tailed hawk Bird X Buteo swainsoni Swainson's Hawk Bird X X X Buteo albonotatus Zone-tailed Hawk Bird X X X X X X Buteo regalis Ferruginous Hawk Bird X X X X X X X Buteo lagopus Rough-legged Hawk Bird X X X X Buteogallus anthracinus Common Black-Hawk Bird X X X X Butorides virescens Green Heron Bird X X X X Calamospiza melanocorys Lark Bunting Bird X X X X Calcarius mccownii McCown's Longspur Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 29 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Taxon Calidris alba Sanderling Bird X X X X X X X Calidris pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X X Calidris mauri Western Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X X Calidris minutilla Least Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X X Calidris bairdii Baird's Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X X Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X X Calidris alpina Dunlin Bird X X X X X X X Calidris himantopus Stilt Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X X Callipepla squamata Scaled Quail Bird X X Calothorax lucifer Lucifer Hummingbird Bird Calypte anna Anna's Hummingbird Bird X X Calypte costae Costa's Hummingbird Bird X X Camptostoma imberbe Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet Bird X X X Caprimulgus ridgwayi Buff-collared Nightjar Bird X X X Caprimulgus vociferus Whip-poor-will Bird Caracara cheriway Crested Caracara Bird X X Cardellina rubrifrons Red-faced Warbler Bird X X X Carduelis psaltria Lesser Goldfinch Bird X X X X Carduelis lawrencei Lawrence's Goldfinch Bird X X X X X X Carpodacus purpureus Purple Finch Bird X X X X X X X Carpodacus cassinii Cassin's Finch Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Economic X Bird Responsible Bird Chestnut-collared Longspur Common Focal Lapland Longspur ornatus Subspecies Vulnerable lapponicus Calcarius Species Sonoran Desert Colorado Plateau Calcarius Genus Status (X=priority) Mohave Desert AZ-NM Mountains Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 30 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Status (X=priority) House Finch Bird X X X X X X X aura Turkey Vulture Bird X X X X X X X Subspecies Common Taxon Catharus ustulatus Swainson's Thrush Bird X X X X X X Catharus guttatus Hermit Thrush Bird X X X X X X X X X X Catherpes mexicanus Canyon Wren Bird X X X X X X X Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Willet Bird X X X X X X X Certhia americana Brown Creeper Bird Ceryle alcyon Belted Kingfisher Bird Vaux's Swift Bird Western Snowy Plover Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chaetura vauxi Charadrius alexandrinus Charadrius semipalmatus Semipalmated Plover Bird X X X X X X X Charadrius vociferus Killdeer Bird X X X X X X X nivosus X X X Charadrius montanus Mountain Plover Bird X X X Chen caerulescens Snow Goose Bird X X X X X X X Chen rossii Ross's Goose Bird X X X X X X X Chlidonias niger Black Tern Bird X X X X X X X Chloroceryle americana Green Kingfisher Bird Chondestes grammacus Lark Sparrow Bird X X X X X X X Chordeiles acutipennis Lesser Nighthawk Bird X X X X X X Chordeiles minor Common Nighthawk Bird X X X X X X X X X Economic Sonoran Desert mexicanus Cathartes Species Responsible Mohave Desert Carpodacus Genus Focal Colorado Plateau Vulnerable AZ-NM Mountains Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X Cinclus mexicanus American Dipper Bird X X X X X X X X Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier Bird X X X X X X X X Cistothorus palustris Marsh Wren Bird X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 31 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Status (X=priority) Mohave Desert Sonoran Desert Vulnerable Focal hyemalis Long-tailed Duck Bird X X X X X X X X Coccothraustes vespertinus Evening Grosbeak Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Species Coccyzus americanus Colaptes auratus Colinus virginianus Columbina talpacoti Contopus Contopus Contopus sordidulus Coragyps atratus Subspecies occidenta Common Taxon Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo Bird Northern Flicker Bird Masked Bobwhite Bird Ruddy Ground-Dove Bird X X cooperi Olive-sided Flycatcher Bird X X X pertinax Greater Pewee Bird X X X Western Wood-Pewee Bird X X X Black Vulture Bird ridgwayi X X X X X X X Corvus brachyrhynchos American Crow Bird X X Corvus cryptoleucus Chihuahuan Raven Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X corax Common Raven Bird X X X X X X X Cyanocitta stelleri Steller's Jay Bird X X X X X X X Cygnus columbianus Tundra Swan Bird X X X X X X X Cynanthus latirostris Broad-billed Hummingbird Bird Cyrtonyx montezumae Montezuma Quail Bird Dendragapus obscurus Blue Grouse Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Corvus X X X X X Economic Colorado Plateau Clangula Genus Responsible AZ-NM Mountains Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X Dendrocygna autumnalis Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Bird X X Dendroica petechia Yellow Warbler Bird X X X X X X X X X Dendroica pensylvanica Chestnut-sided Warbler Bird X X X X X X X Dendroica coronata Yellow-rumped Warbler Bird X X X X X X X Dendroica nigrescens Black-throated Gray Warbler Bird X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 32 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Status (X=priority) Townsend's Warbler Bird X X X X X X X occidentalis Hermit Warbler Bird X X X X X X X Dendroica graciae Grace's Warbler Bird X X X X X X Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink Bird X X X X X X X X X Dumetella carolinensis Gray Catbird Bird X X X X X X X X X Egretta thula Snowy Egret Bird X X X X X X X X X Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron Bird X X X X X X Egretta tricolor Tricolored Heron Bird X X X X X X X X X Subspecies Common Taxon Egretta rufescens Reddish Egret Bird Elanus leucurus White-tailed Kite Bird Empidonax traillii Bird Empidonax traillii Willow Flycatcher Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Bird Empidonax hammondii Hammond's Flycatcher Bird Empidonax oberholseri Dusky Flycatcher Empidonax wrightii Empidonax difficilis Empidonax fulvifrons Empidonax occidentalis Cordilleran Flycatcher Bird X X X X Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark Bird X X X X extimus pygmaeus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Bird X X Gray Flycatcher Bird X Pacific-slope Flycatcher Northern Buff-breasted Flycatcher Bird X Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Economic Sonoran Desert townsendi Dendroica Species Responsible Mohave Desert Dendroica Genus Focal Colorado Plateau Vulnerable AZ-NM Mountains Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X Eugenes fulgens Magnificent Hummingbird Bird X X X X Euphagus cyanocephalus Brewer's Blackbird Bird X X X X X X X X X Falco sparverius American Kestrel Bird X X X X X X X Falco columbarius Merlin Bird X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 33 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Bird X X X X X X X X X X Falco peregrinus American Peregrine Falcon Bird X X X X X X Falco mexicanus Prairie Falcon Bird X X X X X X Gallinago delicata Wilson's Snipe Bird X X X X X X Gavia immer Common Loon Bird X X X X X X X Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon Bird X X X X X X X Geothlypis trichas Common Yellowthroat Bird X X X X X X X Glaucidium gnoma gnoma Bird X X X X Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum Northern Pygmy-0wl Cactus Ferruginous PygmyOwl Bird Grus canadensis Sandhill Crane Bird Gymnogyps californianus California Condor Bird X Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle Bird X Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Bird Hylocharis leucotis White-eared Hummingbird Bird Icteria virens Yellow-breasted Chat X X X X X X X X X X Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X cucullatus Hooded Oriole Bird X X X X X X X Icterus parisorum Scott's Oriole Bird X X X X X X X X X X X bullockii Bullock's Oriole Bird Ictinia mississippiensis Mississippi Kite Bird X X X X X X X X X X X Icterus Icterus Economic Bird Peregrine Falcon Responsible anatum Northern Aplomado Falcon Focal septentrionalis Taxon Status (X=priority) Vulnerable peregrinus Sonoran Desert femoralis Falco Common Mohave Desert Falco Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed Junco Bird X X Junco phaeonotus Yellow-eyed Junco Bird X X X X X Lampornis clemenciae Blue-throated Hummingbird Bird X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 34 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Status (X=priority) X X X X X X X Bird X X X X X X X Bird X X X X X X X Ring-billed Gull Bird X X X X X X X California Gull Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Lanius excubitor Northern Shrike Bird Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike Bird Larus pipixcan Franklin's Gull Larus philadelphia Bonaparte's Gull Larus delawarensis Larus californicus Larus argentatus Laterallus jamaicensis Limnodromus Limnodromus X X Herring Gull Bird California Black Rail Bird griseus Short-billed Dowitcher Bird X X X X X X X scolopaceus Long-billed Dowitcher Bird X X X X X X X Limosa fedoa Marbled Godwit Bird X X X X X X X Lophodytes cucullatus Hooded Merganser Bird X X X X X X X Megascops kennicottii Western Screech-Owl Bird X X X X X X Megascops trichopsis Whiskered Screech-Owl Bird Melanerpes lewis Lewis's Woodpecker Bird X X X X X X Melanerpes formicivorus Acorn Woodpecker Bird X X X X X X Melanitta perspicillata Surf Scoter Bird X X X X X X Meleagris gallopavo Gould's Turkey Bird coturnic mexicana X Economic X X Taxon Responsible X X Common Focal Sonoran Desert Vulnerable Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X X Melospiza melodia Song Sparrow Bird X X X X X X Melospiza lincolnii Lincoln's Sparrow Bird X X X X X X Melospiza georgiana Swamp Sparrow Bird X X X X X X Mergus merganser Common Merganser Bird X X X X X X Mergus serrator Red-breasted Merganser Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 35 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Status (X=priority) Responsible Elf Owl Bird X X X X X polyglottos Northern Mockingbird Bird X X X X X X X Mniotilta varia Black-and-white Warbler Bird X X X X X X X Molothrus aeneus Bronzed Cowbird Bird X X X X Molothrus ater Brown-headed Cowbird Bird X X X X X X X Myadestes townsendi Townsend's Solitaire Bird X X X X X X X Myiarchus tuberculifer Dusky-capped Flycatcher Bird X X X X Myiarchus cinerascens Ash-throated Flycatcher Bird X X X X X X X Myiarchus tyrannulus Brown-crested Flycatcher Bird X X X X X X X Myioborus pictus Painted Redstart Bird X X X X X Subspecies Common Taxon X Myiodynastes luteiventris Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Bird X X Nucifraga columbiana Clark's Nutcracker Bird X X X X X X X X X X X Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel Bird X X X X X X Numenius americanus Long-billed Curlew Bird X X X X X X nycticorax Black-crowned Night-Heron Bird X X X X X X Oporornis tolmiei MacGillivray's Warbler Bird X X X X X X X Oreoscoptes montanus Sage Thrasher Bird X Otus flammeolus Flammulated Owl Bird Oxyura jamaicensis Ruddy Duck Bird Pachyramphus aglaiae Rose-throated Becard Bird X Pandion haliaetus Osprey Bird X Parula americana Northern Parula Bird Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah Sparrow Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Nycticorax R Economic whitneyi Mimus Species Focal Mohave Desert Vulnerable Colorado Plateau Micrathene Genus Sonoran Desert AZ-NM Mountains Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 36 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Status (X=priority) Fox Sparrow Bird X X X X X X X caerulea Blue Grosbeak Bird X X X X X X X Passerina amoena Lazuli Bunting Bird X X X X X X Passerina cyanea Indigo Bunting Bird X X X X X X Passerina versicolor Varied Bunting Bird Passerina ciris Painted Bunting Bird X X X X Patagioenas fasciata Band-tailed Pigeon Bird X X X X X X X Pelecanus erythrorhynchos American White Pelican Bird X X X X X X X Brown Pelican Bird X X X X X X Gray Jay Bird Pelecanus occidentalis Perisoreus canadensis Subspecies californicus Common Taxon X X X X X X X X X X X X X Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Cliff Swallow Bird X X X Peucedramus taeniatus Olive Warbler Bird X X X Phainopepla nitens Phainopepla Bird X X X X X X Phalacrocorax auritus Double-crested Cormorant Bird X X X X X X Phalaenoptilus nuttallii Common Poorwill Bird X X X X X X X Phalaropus tricolor Wilson's Phalarope Bird X X X X X X X albociliatus X X X X X X Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope Bird X X X X X X Phalaropus fulicarius Red Phalarope Bird X X X X X X Pheucticus ludovicianus Rose-breasted Grosbeak Bird X X X X X X X Pheucticus melanocephalus Black-headed Grosbeak Bird X X X X X X X Pica hudsonia Black-billed Magpie Bird X X Picoides pubescens Downy Woodpecker Bird X X X Picoides arizonae Arizona Woodpecker Bird X X X X X X X Economic Sonoran Desert iliaca Passerina Species Responsible Mohave Desert Passerella Genus Focal Colorado Plateau Vulnerable AZ-NM Mountains Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 37 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). X X X Pinicola enucleator Pine Grosbeak Bird X X X X Pipilo chlorurus Green-tailed Towhee Bird X X X X X Pipilo aberti Abert's Towhee Bird X X X X Pipilo maculatus Spotted Towhee Bird X X X X X X X Piranga flava Hepatic Tanager Bird X X X X Piranga rubra Summer Tanager Bird X X X X X X X Piranga ludoviciana Western Tanager Bird X X X X X X Piranga bidentata Flame-colored Tanager Bird X X X X X X X X X X chihi White-faced Ibis Bird X X X X X X X Pluvialis squatarola Black-bellied Plover Bird X X X X X X X Pluvialis dominica American Golden-Plover Bird X X X X X X X X Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe Bird X X X X X X X X Podiceps nigricollis Eared Grebe Bird X X X X X X X X Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed Grebe Bird X X X X X X Poecile sclateri Mexican Chickadee Bird X X Poecile gambeli Mountain Chickadee Bird X X X X X X X Polioptila caerulea Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Bird X X X X X X X Polioptila nigriceps Black-capped Gnatcatcher Bird Pooecetes gramineus Vesper Sparrow Bird X X X X X X Porzana carolina Sora Bird X X X X X X Progne subis arboricola Western Purple Martin Bird X X X X X X X X Progne subis hesperia Desert Purple Martin Bird X X X X X X X X X X X Plegadis X Economic X Responsible Bird Focal X Taxon Status (X=priority) Vulnerable dorsalis Sonoran Desert Common American Three-toed Woodpecker Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Picoides Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 38 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Status (X=priority) Bird X X X X X Great-tailed Grackle Bird X X X X X X X Rallus longirostris Rallus limicola yumanen Common Taxon Yuma Clapper Rail Bird X X Virginia Rail Bird X X X X X X X X Economic Vermilion Flycatcher mexicanus Subspecies Responsible rubinus Quiscalus Species Focal Mohave Desert Vulnerable Colorado Plateau Pyrocephalus Genus Sonoran Desert AZ-NM Mountains Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X Recurvirostra americana American Avocet Bird X X X X X X X Regulus satrapa Golden-crowned Kinglet Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Regulus calendula Ruby-crowned Kinglet Bird Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha Thick-billed Parrot Bird Riparia riparia Bank Swallow Bird X X X X X X X Salpinctes obsoletus Rock Wren Bird X X X X X X X Sayornis nigricans Black Phoebe Bird X X X X X X Sayornis phoebe Eastern Phoebe Bird X X X X X X X Sayornis saya Say's Phoebe Bird X X X X X X X Seiurus noveboracensis Northern Waterthrush Bird X X X X X X X Selasphorus platycercus Broad-tailed Hummingbird Bird X X X X X X X X Selasphorus rufus Rufous Hummingbird Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Selasphorus sasin Allen's Hummingbird Bird Setophaga ruticilla American Redstart Bird X Sialia sialis Azure Bluebird Bird X Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird Bird X X X X X X fulva X X X X X X X X X X X X Sialia currucoides Mountain Bluebird Bird X X X X X X Sphyrapicus varius Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Bird X X X X X X X X X Sphyrapicus nuchalis Red-naped Sapsucker Bird X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 39 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Status (X=priority) Dickcissel Bird X X X X X X X passerina Chipping Sparrow Bird X X X X X X X Subspecies Common Taxon Spizella pallida Clay-colored Sparrow Bird X X X X X X Spizella breweri Brewer's Sparrow Bird X X X X X X X X Spizella atrogularis Bird X X X X X X X X Stelgidopteryx serripennis Black-chinned Sparrow Northern Rough-winged Swallow Bird X X X X X X X Stellula calliope Calliope Hummingbird Bird X X X X X X X Sterna caspia Caspian Tern Bird X X X X X X X Sterna hirundo Common Tern Bird X X X X X X X Sterna forsteri Forster's Tern Bird X X X X X X Sterna antillarum Least Tern Bird X X X X X X Strix occidentalis Mexican Spotted Owl Bird X X X X X Sturnella magna Eastern Meadowlark Bird X X X X Sturnella neglecta Western Meadowlark Bird X X X X Tachycineta bicolor Tree Swallow Bird X X X Tachycineta thalassina Violet-green Swallow Bird X X X Toxostoma bendirei Bendire's Thrasher Bird X X X Toxostoma crissale Crissal Thrasher Bird X X X X Toxostoma lecontei Le Conte's Thrasher Bird X X Tringa melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs Bird X X X X X X X Tringa flavipes Lesser Yellowlegs Bird X X X X X X X Tringa solitaria Solitary Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X X Troglodytes aedon House Wren Bird X X X X X X X lucida X Economic Sonoran Desert americana Spizella Species Responsible Mohave Desert Spiza Genus Focal Colorado Plateau Vulnerable AZ-NM Mountains Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 40 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Winter Wren Bird elegans Elegant Trogon Bird X Turdus rufopalliatus Rufous-backed Robin Bird X X Turdus migratorius American Robin Bird X X Tyrannus melancholicus Tropical Kingbird Bird Tyrannus vociferans Cassin's Kingbird Bird Tyrannus crassirostris Thick-billed Kingbird Bird Tyrannus verticalis Western Kingbird Bird X Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern Kingbird Bird Tyrannus forficatus Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Bird Vermivora celata Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora ruficapilla Nashville Warbler X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Bird X X X X X X X X Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X virginiae Virginia's Warbler Bird X X X X X X X Vermivora luciae Lucy's Warbler Bird X X X X X X X Vireo bellii Arizona Bell's Vireo Bird X X Vireo vicinior Gray Vireo Bird X X X X X X X X X X Vireo gilvus Warbling Vireo Bird X X X X X X Vireo olivaceus Red-eyed Vireo Bird X X X X X X X X Vermivora arizonae Economic troglodytes Trogon Responsible Troglodytes Focal X Taxon Status (X=priority) Vulnerable Sonoran Desert Common Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X Vireo plumbeus Plumbeous Vireo Bird X X X X X X X Vireo cassinii Cassin's Vireo Bird X X X X X X X Wilsonia citrina Hooded Warbler Bird X X X X X X Wilsonia pusilla Wilson's Warbler Bird X X X X X X X X X Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Yellow-headed Blackbird Bird X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 41 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Status (X=priority) Sabine's Gull Bird X X X X X X X asiatica White-winged Dove Bird X X X X X X X Subspecies Common Taxon Zenaida macroura Mourning Dove Bird X X X X X X X Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated Sparrow Bird X X X X X X X Zonotrichia atricapilla Golden-crowned Sparrow Bird X X X X X X Zonotrichia leucophrys White-crowned Sparrow Bird X X X X X X X X X X X X Zonotrichia querula Harris' Sparrow Bird Agosia chrysogaster Longfin Dace Fish X Campostoma ornatum Mexican Stoneroller Fish X Catostomus bernardini Yaqui Sucker Fish X Catostomus clarki Desert Sucker Fish X Catostomus discobolus Bluehead Sucker Fish X Zuni Bluehead Sucker Fish X Sonora Sucker Fish X Catostomus discobolus Catostomus insignis yarrowi Catostomus latipinnis Flannelmouth Sucker Fish X Catostomus sp. Little Colorado Sucker Fish X Cyprinella formosa Beautiful Shiner Fish X Cyprinodon macularius Desert Pupfish Fish X Cyprinodon eremus Quitobaquito Pupfish Fish Elops affinis Machete Fish Gila cypha Humpback Chub Fish X Gila ditaenia Sonora Chub Fish X Gila elegans Bonytail Fish X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Economic Sonoran Desert sabini Zenaida Species Responsible Mohave Desert Xema Genus Focal Colorado Plateau Vulnerable AZ-NM Mountains Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 42 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). X Fish X X Gila intermedia Gila Chub Fish X X Gila seminuda Virgin Chub Fish X Gila nigra Headwater Chub Fish X Ictalurus pricei Yaqui Catfish Fish X Channel Catfish Fish Virgin Spinedace Fish X X Ictalurus punctatus Lepidomeda mollispinis Lepidomeda vittata Little Colorado Spinedace Fish Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill Fish Meda fulgida Spikedace Fish Micropterus dolomieu Smallmouth Bass Fish Micropterus salmoides Largemouth Bass Fish Morone chrysops White Bass Fish X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Cutthroat Trout Fish X Rainbow Trout Fish X Oncorhynchus gilae gilae Gila Trout Fish X X Oncorhynchus gilae apache Apache (Arizona) Trout Fish X Fish X X X mykiss Yaqui Topminnow X X clarki sonoriensis X X Oncorhynchus occidentalis X X X Oncorhynchus Poeciliopsis X X X X X X X X X X X X X Fish Fish X X X Fish Fish X X X Striped Bass Gila Topminnow X X X Striped Mullet Woundfin X X X saxatilis occidentalis X X cephalus argentissimus X X X Mugil occidentalis X X Morone Poeciliopsis X X X X Plagopterus X X X X X X X X Economic Fish Roundtail Chub Responsible Yaqui Chub robusta Focal purpurea Gila Status (X=priority) Vulnerable X Taxon Gila mollispinis X Sonoran Desert Common Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 43 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Black Crappie Fish lucius Colorado Pikeminnow Fish X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Pylodictis olivaris Flathead Catfish Fish Rhinichthys osculus Speckled Dace Fish Salmo trutta Brown Trout Fish X Salvelinus fontinalis Brook Trout Fish X X Stizostedion vitreum Walleye Fish X X Thymallus arcticus Arctic Grayling Fish cobitis Loach Minnow Fish X X Xyrauchen texanus Razorback Sucker Fish X X Anodonta californiensis California Floater Invertebrate X Discus shimekii Cockerell's Striate Disc (Snail) Invertebrate R Pinaleno Mountainsnail Invertebrate X Yavapai Mountainsnail Invertebrate X Oreohelix grahamensis Oreohelix yavapai cummingsi X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Tiaroga cockerelli X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Economic nigromaculatus Ptychocheilus Responsible Pomoxis Focal X Taxon Status (X=priority) Vulnerable Sonoran Desert Common Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis Kanab Ambersnail Invertebrate X X X X X Oxyloma haydeni haydeni Niobrara Ambersnail Invertebrate X X X X X Pyrgulopsis bernardina San Bernardino Springsnail Invertebrate X Pyrgulopsis montezumensis Montezuma Well Springsnail Invertebrate X Pyrgulopsis bacchus Grand Wash Springsnail Invertebrate X Pyrgulopsis conica Kingman Springsnail Invertebrate X Pyrgulopsis glandulosa Verde Rim Springsnail Invertebrate X Pyrgulopsis morrisoni Page Springsnail Invertebrate X Pyrgulopsis simplex Fossil Springsnail Invertebrate X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 44 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Brown Springsnail Invertebrate X thompsoni Huachuca Springsnail Invertebrate X Pyrgulopsis deserta Desert Springsnail Invertebrate X Pyrgulopsis trivialis Three Forks Springsnail Invertebrate X Pyrgulopsis arizonae Bylas Springsnail Invertebrate X Sonorella allynsmithi Squaw Peak Talussnail Invertebrate X Sonorella christenseni Clark Peak Talussnail Invertebrate X Sonorella eremita San Xavier Talussnail Invertebrate X Sonorella grahamensis Pinaleno Talussnail Invertebrate X Sonorella imitator Mimic Talussnail Invertebrate X Sonorella macrophallus Wet Canyon Talussnail Invertebrate X Sonorella milleri Table Top Talussnail Invertebrate Sonorella papagorum Papago Talussnail Invertebrate X X Tryonia quitobaquitae Quitobaquito Tryonia Invertebrate X X Tryonia gilae Gila Tryonia Invertebrate X Vertigo berryi Invertebrate Ammospermophilus leucurus tersus Rotund Vertigo Prospect Valley White-tailed Antelope Squirrel Antilocapra americana mexicana Chihuahuan Pronghorn X X X americana sonoriensi Sonoran Pronghorn Mammal americana americana American Pronghorn Mammal Antrozous pallidus Pallid Bat Mammal Baiomys taylori Northern Pygmy Mouse Mammal Bassariscus astutus Ringtail Mammal X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Mammal Antilocapra X X Mammal Antilocapra X Economic sola Pyrgulopsis Responsible Pyrgulopsis Focal Taxon Status (X=priority) Vulnerable Sonoran Desert Common Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 45 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). X X Canis lupus baileyi Mexican Gray Wolf Mammal Canis lupus youngi Intermountain Gray Wolf Mammal Castor canadensis American Beaver Mammal X Cervus elaphus Rocky Mountain Elk Mammal X Chaetodipus baileyi Bailey's Pocket Mouse Mammal X X Chaetodipus hispidus Hispid Pocket Mouse Mammal X X Chaetodipus intermedius Rock Pocket Mouse Mammal Choeronycteris mexicana Mexican Long-tongued Bat Mammal Clethrionomys gapperi Conepatus leuconotus Cynomys ludovicianus Black-tailed Prairie Dog Mammal Cynomys gunnisoni Gunnison's Prairie Dog Mammal X X X X X X X Southern Red-backed Vole Mammal X Mammal X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Didelphis virginiana californica Mexican Oppossum Mammal X Didelphis virginiana virginiana Virginia Oppossum Mammal X Dipodomys ordii Mammal Dipodomys microps leucotis Ord's Kangaroo Rat Houserock Valley Chiseltoothed Kangaroo Rat Dipodomys microps celsus A Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat Mammal Dipodomys spectabilis Mammal Dipodomys spectabilis baileyi Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat New Mexico Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat Dipodomys deserti Desert Kangaroo Rat Mammal Dipodomys merriami Merriam's Kangaroo Rat Mammal Mammal X X X X X Hog-nosed Skunk Mammal X Economic Mammal Responsible Mammal Coyote Focal Bison latrans Status (X=priority) Vulnerable bison Canis leuconotu X Taxon Bos nelsoni X Sonoran Desert Common Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 46 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). North American Porcupine Mammal X X X X X X maculatum Spotted Bat Mammal X X X X X X X X Eumops perotis Greater Western Mastiff Bat Mammal X X X X X X X X Eumops underwoodi Underwood's Mastiff Bat Mammal X X X Eutamias minimus Least Chipmunk Mammal Eutamias quadrivittatus Colorado Chipmunk Mammal Eutamias cinereicollis Gray-collared Chipmunk Mammal Eutamias umbrinus Uinta Chipmunk Mammal Lasiurus blossevillii Western Red Bat Mammal X X X Lasiurus xanthinus Western Yellow Bat Mammal X X X Leopardus pardalis Leptonycteris curasoae Lutra Lutra Lynx Macrotus californicus X X Ocelot Mammal X X yerbabuenae Lesser Long-nosed Bat Mammal X X canadensis sonora Southwestern River Otter Mammal X canadensis lataxina Southeastern River Otter Mammal rufus Bobcat Mammal californicus California Leaf-nosed Bat Mammal Mephitis mephitis Striped Skunk Mephitis macroura Hooded Skunk Microtus montanus Arizona Montane Vole Mammal Microtus longicaudus Long-tailed Vole Mammal arizonensis X X X Mammal X X X Mammal X X X longicaudus leucophaeus White-bellied Long-tailed Vole Mammal mexicanus mogollonensis Mogollon Vole Mammal Microtus mexicanus hualpaiensis Hualapai Mexican Vole Mammal X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Microtus X X X Microtus X X X X X X X Economic dorsatum Euderma Responsible Erethizon Focal Taxon Status (X=priority) Vulnerable Sonoran Desert Common Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 47 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Navajo Mexican Vole Mammal X megalophylla Ghost-faced Bat Mammal X X Mustela nigripes Black-footed Ferret Mammal X X Myotis californicus California Myotis Mammal X X X X X X X X X X X X X occultus Arizona Myotis Mammal X X Nasua nasua Mammal X X Neotoma albigula White-nosed Coati Western White-throated Woodrat Mammal X X Stephen's Woodrat Mammal X Mexican Woodrat Mammal stephensi Neotoma mexicana mexicana X X X X cinerea Bushy-tailed Woodrat Mammal Notiosorex crawfordi Crawford's Desert Shrew Mammal Nyctinomops macrotis Big Free-tailed Bat Mammal Odocoileus hemionus crooki Desert Mule Deer Mammal Odocoileus hemionus hemionous Rocky Mountain Mule Deer Mammal X Odocoileus virginianus couesi Coues Whitetail Deer Mammal X Ondatra zibethicus Mammal X X Ovis canadensis canadensis Common Muskrat Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep Mammal X X canadensis nelsoni Desert Bighorn Sheep Mammal Ovis canadensis mexicana Desert Bighorn Sheep Mammal Panthera onca Jaguar Mammal Perognathus apache melanotis Apache Pocket Mouse Mammal Perognathus flavus goodpasteri Springerville Pocket Mouse Mammal Perognathus amplus Arizona Pocket Mouse Mammal X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Neotoma Ovis X X X X X X X Myotis Neotoma X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Economic mexicanus Mormoops Responsible Microtus Focal Taxon Status (X=priority) Vulnerable Sonoran Desert navaho Common Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 48 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Mesquite Mouse Mammal maniculatus Deer Mouse Mammal Peromyscus boylii Brush Mouse Mammal Pipistrellus hesperus Western Pipistrelle Mammal Procyon lotor Raccoon Puma concolor Mountain Lion megalotis Reithrodontomys megalotis Sciurus aberti Sciurus aberti megalotis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Mammal X X X X X X Mammal X X X X X X Western Harvest Mouse Mammal Western Harvest Mouse Mammal Abert's Squirrel Mammal Kaibab Squirrel Mammal X R Sciurus aberti chuscensis Abert's Chuska Squirrel Mammal Sciurus nayaritensis chiricahuae Chiricahua Fox Squirrel Mammal X Sciurus arizonensis Arizona Gray Squirrel Mammal R Yuma Hispid Cotton Rat Mammal X Arizona Cotton Rat Mammal Sigmodon hispidus Sigmodon arizonae Sigmodon arizonae jacksoni Yavapai Arizona Cotton Rat Mammal Sigmodon arizonae plenus Colorado River Cotton Rat Mammal Sorex nanus Dwarf Shrew Mammal Sorex palustris Water Shrew Mammal Sorex merriami Merriam's Shrew Mammal Sorex arizonae Arizona Shrew Mammal Spermophilus tridecemlineatus Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel Mammal X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R X X X X X X X X kaibabensis eremicus X X X Economic X merriami Peromyscus X Responsible X Focal Mammal Status (X=priority) Vulnerable Taxon Wupatki Arizona Pocket Mouse Peromyscus Reithrodontomys Sonoran Desert cineris Common Mohave Desert amplus Subspecies Colorado Plateau Perognathus Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 49 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). X X Mammal X X X X Sylvilagus nuttallii grangeri Sylvilagus nuttallii pinetis Tadarida brasiliensis Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Mammal A Southwestern Cottontail Mammal Mexican Free-tailed Bat Mammal Red Squirrel Mammal Mt Graham Red Squirrel Mammal X X X X X X X X X X taxus American Badger Mammal X X X X X X Collared Peccary Mammal X X X X X X Thomomys umbrinus intermedius Mammal Thomomys bottae subsimilis Southern Pocket Gopher Harquahala Southern Pocket Gopher X X Urocyon cinereoargenteus Common Gray Fox Mammal X X X X X Ursus americanus American Black Bear Mammal X X X X X X X Red Fox Mammal Kit Fox Mammal Zapus hudsonius luteus New Mexican Jumping Mouse Mammal Arizona elegans philipi Painted Desert Glossy Snake Reptile Aspidoscelis xanthonota Red-back Whiptail Reptile Aspidoscelis flagellicauda Gila Spotted Whiptail Reptile Aspidoscelis arizonae Arizona Striped Whiptail Reptile Aspidoscelis pai Pai Striped Whiptail Reptile Aspidoscelis sonorae Sonoran Spotted Whiptail Reptile Aspidoscelis stictogrammus Giant Spotted Whiptail Reptile X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Mammal vulpes X X X tajacu macrotis X X X Tayassau Vulpes X X Taxidea Vulpes X Economic Mammal Round-tailed Ground Squirrel North Kaibab Mountain Cottontail Responsible Spotted Ground Squirrel tereticaudus Focal spilosoma Spermophilus Status (X=priority) Vulnerable X Taxon Spermophilus grahamens X Sonoran Desert Common Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 50 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). X X X X X X X X X X X gracia Desert Rosy Boa Reptile X trivirgata trivirgata Mexican Rosy Boa Reptile X Chionactis occipitalis occipitatalis Mojave Shovel-nosed Snake Reptile Chionactis occipitalis klauberi Reptile Chionactis palarostris organica Tucson Shovel-nosed Snake Organ Pipe Shovel-nosed Snake Reptile Chrysemys picta bellii Western Painted Turtle Reptile Coleonyx variegatus utahensis Utah Banded Gecko Reptile Coluber constrictor mormon Reptile Crotalus atrox Western Yellow-bellied Racer Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake Reptile X X X X cerastes cercombombus Sonoran Sidewinder Reptile cerastes cerastes Mojave Sidewider Reptile Crotalus cerastes laterorepens Colorado Desert Sidewinder Reptile Crotalus lepidus klauberi Reptile Crotalus mitchellii pyrrhus Reptile X Reptile X molossus molossus abyssus Grand Canyon Rattlesnake Reptile Crotalus oreganus cereberus Reptile Crotalus pricei pricei Arizona Black Rattlesnake Western Twin-spotted Rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus Northern Mohave Rattlesnake Crotalus tigris Crotalus viridis nuntius Crotalus viridis viridis Green Prairie Rattlesnake Reptile X X X X X X X Crotalus oreganos X X Crotalus Crotalus Economic X X trivirgata Charina Crotalus Responsible X Charina Focal X Taxon Banded Rock Rattlesnake Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake Northern Black-tailed Rattlesnake Vulnerable Sonoran Desert Common Status (X=priority) Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Reptile X X Tiger Rattlesnake Reptile X X Hopi Rattlesnake Reptile Reptile X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 51 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). willardi willardi Crotalus oreganus concolor Midget Faded Rattlesnake X X Reptile X X Reptile X Eumeces callicephalus Mountain Skink Reptile Eumeces gilberti arizonensis Arizona Skink Reptile X Eumeces gilberti Western Red-tailed Skink Reptile Gopherus agassizii Mohave Desert Tortoise Reptile X Gopherus agassizii rubricaudat (Mohave Population) (Sonoran Population) Sonoran Desert Tortoise Reptile X X Gyalopion quadrangulare Thornscrub Hook-nosed Snake Reptile Heloderma suspectum cinctum Reptile X X Holbrookia elegans thermophila Banded Gila Monster Sonoran (elegant) Earless Lizard Holbrookia maculata pulchra Hypsiglena torquata deserticola Hypsiglena torquata loreala Kinosternon arizonense Kinosternon flavescens Yellow Mud Turtle Reptile Kinosternon sonoriense longifemorale Sonoyta Mud Turtle Reptile Kinosternon sonoriense sonoriense Sonora Mud Turtle Reptile Lampropeltis getula nigrita Western Black Kingsnake Reptile X Lampropeltis pyromelana infralabialis Utah Mountain Kingsnake Reptile X Lampropeltis pyromelana pyromelan Arizona Mountain Kingsnake Reptile Lampropeltis triangulum taylori Utah Milksnake Reptile X X X X X Huachuca Earless Lizard Reptile X Desert Nightsnake Reptile Mesa Verde Nightsnake Reptile Arizona Mud Turtle Reptile X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Reptile X X X X X X Economic Crotalus Reptile Responsible obscurus Focal willardi Taxon Status (X=priority) Vulnerable Crotalus Sonoran Desert Common New Mexico Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake Arizona Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 52 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). dissectus New Mexico Milksnake Reptile New Mexico Threadsnake Reptile utahensis Utah Threadsnake Reptile lineolatus Ajo Mountain Whipsnake Reptile X X X X X Leptotyphlops humilis Masticophis bilineatus Masticophis flagellum lineatulus Lined Coachwhip Reptile X Micruroides euryxanthus euryxanthus Arizona (Sonoran) Coralsnake Reptile X hernandesi X X Economic triangulum Leptotyphlops Responsible Lampropeltis Focal Taxon Status (X=priority) Vulnerable Sonoran Desert celaenops Common Mohave Desert Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife X X X X X X X Oxybelis aeneus Brown Vinesnake Reptile X Phrynosoma mcallii Reptile X Phrynosoma hernandesi Flat-tailed Horned Lizard Hernandez's (Greater) Shorthorned Lizard X Reptile Salvadora grahamiae Eastern Patch-nosed Snake Reptile Sauromalus ater Common Chuckwalla Reptile Sceloporus virgatus Striped Plateau Lizard Reptile X X Sceloporus slevini Slevin's Bunchgrass Lizard Reptile X X Senticolis triaspis intermedia Northern Green Ratsnake Reptile X X X Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii Desert Massasauga Reptile X X Tantilla nigriceps Reptile X Tantilla wilcoxi Plains Black-headed Snake Chihuahuan Black-headed Snake Reptile X Tantilla yaquia Yaqui Black-headed Snake Reptile Tantilla hobartsmithi Smith's Black-headed Snake Reptile Terrapene ornata luteola Reptile Thamnophis cyrtopsis cyrtopsis Desert Box Turtle Western Black-necked Gartersnake Reptile X X X Thamnophis eques megalops Northern Mexican Gartersnake Reptile X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 53 Appendix A. Distribution and status of CWCS priority species in Arizona in 2005. Heritage Database Management System (HDMS) abstracts available (X = on www.azgfd.gov ; R = restricted access due to specific locality data). Reptile X scoparia Mojave Fringe-toed Lizard Reptile X Xantusia vigilis Yucca Night Lizard Reptile Xantusia arizonae vigilis Arizona Night Lizard Reptile Xantusia bezyi Bezy's Night Lizard Reptile X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Economic X Responsible Reptile rufopunctata Narrow-headed Gartersnake Yuman Desert Fringe-toed Lizard Focal Uma Taxon Status (X=priority) Vulnerable Uma Sonoran Desert rufipunctatus Common Mohave Desert Thamnophis Subspecies Colorado Plateau Species AZ-NM Mountains Genus Presence in Ecoregion (X=present) Apache Highlands South Apache Highlands North HDMS Abstract Priority Wildlife Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 54 Appendix B. Species found throughout Arizona for which vulnerability status could not be evaluated due to lack of information (‘Data Sufficiency’ category). AHN AHS AZNM CP MD SD Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned Hawk Bird X X X X X X Actitis macularius Spotted Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X Aegolius acadicus Northern Saw-whet Owl Bird X X X X X X Aeronautes saxatalis White-throated Swift Bird X X X X X X Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged Blackbird Bird X X X X X X Anas crecca Green-winged Teal Bird X X X X X X Anas cyanoptera Cinnamon Teal Bird X X X X X X Anas penelope Eurasian Wigeon Bird X X X X X X Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Bird X X X X X X Anas strepera Gadwall Bird X X X X X X Anser albifrons Greater White-fronted Goose Bird X X X X X X Genus Species Subspecies Common Name Taxon Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl Bird X X X X X X Aythya affinis Lesser Scaup Bird X X X X X X Aythya americana Redhead Bird X X X X X X Aythya collaris Ring-necked Duck Bird X X X X X X Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar Waxwing Bird X X X X X X Bucephala albeola Bufflehead Bird X X X X X X Bucephala clangula Common Goldeneye Bird X X X X X X Buteo lagopus Rough-legged Hawk Bird X X X X X X Calamospiza melanocorys Lark Bunting Bird X X X X Calcarius lapponicus Lapland Longspur Bird X X X X X X X Calcarius ornatus Chestnut-collared Longspur Bird X X X X Calidris alba Sanderling Bird X X X X X X X Calidris alpina Dunlin Bird X X X X X X Calidris bairdii Baird's Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X Calidris himantopus Stilt Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X Calidris mauri Western Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X Calidris minutilla Least Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X X X Calidris pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper Bird X X X X Caprimulgus vociferus Whip-poor-will Bird X X X X Carduelis tristis American Goldfinch Bird X X X X X X Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Willet Bird X X X X X X Chaetura vauxi Vaux's Swift Bird X X X X X X Charadrius semipalmatus Semipalmated Plover Bird X X X X X X Chlidonias niger Black Tern Bird X X X X X X Columbina passerina Common Ground-Dove Bird Contopus pertinax Greater Pewee Bird X X X Contopus sordidulus Western Wood-Pewee Bird X X X X X X Corvus brachyrhynchos American Crow Bird X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 55 Appendix B. Species found throughout Arizona for which vulnerability status could not be evaluated due to lack of information (‘Data Sufficiency’ category). AHN AHS AZNM CP MD SD Cyanocitta stelleri Steller's Jay Bird X X X X X X Cygnus columbianus Tundra Swan Bird X X X X X X Dendroica occidentalis Hermit Warbler Bird X X X X X X Dendroica pensylvanica Chestnut-sided Warbler Bird X X X X X X Dendroica townsendi Townsend's Warbler Bird X X X X X X Genus Species Subspecies Common Name Taxon Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron Bird X X X X X X Empidonax difficilis Pacific-slope Flycatcher Bird X X X X X X Empidonax wrightii Gray Flycatcher Bird X X X X X X Euphagus cyanocephalus Brewer's Blackbird Bird X X X X X X Falco columbarius Merlin Bird X X X X X X Falco sparverius American Kestrel Bird X X X X X X Gavia immer Common Loon Bird X X X X X X Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon Bird X X X X X X Glaucidium gnoma Northern Pygmy-Owl Bird X X X X Hirundo rustica gnoma Barn Swallow Bird X X X X Lanius excubitor Northern Shrike Bird X X X X Larus argentatus Herring Gull Bird X X X Larus californicus California Gull Bird X X X Larus delawarensis Ring-billed Gull Bird X X Larus philadelphia Bonaparte's Gull Bird X Larus pipixcan Franklin's Gull Bird X Limnodromus griseus Short-billed Dowitcher Bird Limnodromus scolopaceus Long-billed Dowitcher Bird Limosa fedoa Marbled Godwit Lophodytes cucullatus Melanitta perspicillata Melospiza georgiana X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Bird X X X X X X Hooded Merganser Bird X X X X X X Surf Scoter Bird X X X X X X Swamp Sparrow Bird X X X X X X Mergus serrator Red-breasted Merganser Bird X X X X X X Mniotilta varia Black-and-white Warbler Bird X X X X X X Numenius americanus Long-billed Curlew Bird X X X X X X Passerella iliaca Fox Sparrow Bird X X X X X X Pelecanus erythrorhynchos American White Pelican Bird X X X X X X Phalacrocorax brasilianus Neotropic Cormorant Bird X X Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope Bird X X X X X X Phalaropus tricolor Wilson's Phalarope Bird X X X X X X Pheucticus ludovicianus Rose-breasted Grosbeak Bird X X X X X X Plegadis chihi White-faced Ibis Bird X X X X X X Pluvialis squatarola Black-bellied Plover Bird X X X X X X Rallus limicola Virginia Rail Bird X X X X X X Riparia riparia Bank Swallow Bird X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 56 Appendix B. Species found throughout Arizona for which vulnerability status could not be evaluated due to lack of information (‘Data Sufficiency’ category). AHN AHS AZNM CP MD SD Sayornis phoebe Eastern Phoebe Bird X X X X X X Seiurus noveboracensis Northern Waterthrush Bird X X X X X X Selasphorus rufus Rufous Hummingbird Bird X X X X X X Genus Species Subspecies Common Name Taxon Selasphorus sasin Allen's Hummingbird Bird X X X X Spiza americana Dickcissel Bird X X X X X X Stellula calliope Calliope Hummingbird Bird X X X X X X Sterna caspia Caspian Tern Bird X X X X X X Sterna forsteri Forster's Tern Bird X X X X X X X Sterna hirundo Common Tern Bird X X Toxostoma bendirei Bendire's Thrasher Bird X X X X X X X X Tringa flavipes Lesser Yellowlegs Bird X X X X X X Tringa melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs Bird X Tringa solitaria Solitary Sandpiper Bird X X X X X X X X X X X Vermivora ruficapilla Nashville Warbler Bird Vireo cassinii Cassin's Vireo Bird X X X X X X X X X X X Wilsonia pusilla Wilson's Warbler X Bird X X X X X X Xema sabini Sabine's Gull Bird X X X X X X Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated Sparrow Bird X X X X X X Zonotrichia atricapilla Golden-crowned Sparrow Bird X X X X X X Artemia franciscana San Francisco Brine Shrimp Invertebrate Biomphalaria havanensis Ghost Rams-horn Snail Invertebrate X X X X X X X X Branchinecta coloradensis Colorado Fairy Shrimp Invertebrate Branchinecta kaibabensis Kaibab Fairy Shrimp Invertebrate Branchinecta lindahli Versitle Fairy Shrimp Invertebrate Branchinecta packardi Rock Pool Fairy Shrimp Invertebrate Cipangopaludina chinensis Chinese Mysterysnail Invertebrate Cyzicus mexicanus Mexican Clam Shrimp Invertebrate Cyzicus setosa Bristletail Clam Shrimp Invertebrate Discus shimekii Striate Disc (a snail) Invertebrate X X Drepanotrema aeruginosum Rusty Rams-horn Snail Invertebrate Eocyzicus digueti Straightbacked Clam Shrimp Invertebrate X X Eubranchipus bundyi Knobbedlip Fairy Shrimp Invertebrate Eubranchipus serratus Ethologist Fairy Shrimp Invertebrate Eulimnadia antlei Fuzzy Cyst Clam Shrimp Invertebrate Eulimnadia cylindrova Cylindrical Cyst Clam Shrimp Invertebrate Eulimnadia texana Texan Clam Shrimp Invertebrate Ferrissia fragilis Fragile Ancylid Invertebrate Ferrissia rivularis Creeping Ancylid Invertebrate Fossaria dalli Dusky Fossaria Invertebrate X X X X Fossaria modicella Rock Fossaria Invertebrate X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 57 Appendix B. Species found throughout Arizona for which vulnerability status could not be evaluated due to lack of information (‘Data Sufficiency’ category). AZNM CP Golden Fossaria Invertebrate X X X X parva Pygmy Fossaria Invertebrate X X X X Fossaria techella A Freshwater Snail Invertebrate X X X X Gyraulus circumstriatus Disc Gyro Invertebrate Gyraulus parvus Ash Gyro Invertebrate X X X X Subspecies Common Name X X X X X X Taxon Helisoma anceps Two-ridge Rams-horn Snail Invertebrate Helix aspersa Brown Gardensnail Invertebrate Leptestheria compleximanus Spineynose Clam Shrimp Invertebrate Lynceus brachyurus Holarctic Clam Shrimp Invertebrate Lynceus brevifrons Short Finger Clam Shrimp Invertebrate Melanoides tuberculatus Red-rim Melania Invertebrate Oreohelix yavapai Yavapai Mountainsnail Invertebrate X Otala lactea Milk Snail Invertebrate X Physella gyrina Tadpole Physa Invertebrate Physella humerosa Corkscrew Physa Invertebrate Physella osculans Cayuse Physa Invertebrate Physella virgata Protean Physa Invertebrate Planorbella tenuis Mexican Rams-horn Snail Invertebrate Procambarus clarkii Red Swamp Crawfish Invertebrate Promenetus exacuous Sharp Sprite (a planorbid snail) Invertebrate Pseudosuccinea columella Mimic Lymnaea Invertebrate Pyganodon grandis Giant Floater (a clam) Invertebrate Radix auricularia Big-eared Radix Invertebrate Streptocephalus dorothae New Mexico Fairy Shrimp Invertebrate X X X mackini Chihuahuan Desert Fairy Shrimp Invertebrate sealii Spinytail Fairy Shrimp Invertebrate Streptocephalus texanus Greater Plains Fairy Shrimp Invertebrate Thamnocephalus mexicanus Mexican Beavertail Fairy Shrimp Invertebrate Thamnocephalus platyurus Beavertail Fairy Shrimp Invertebrate Triops longicaudatus Longtail Tadpole Shrimp Invertebrate Triops newberryi Desert Tadpole Shrimp Invertebrate Vitrina pellucida Western Glass Snail Invertebrate X Western Glass Snail Invertebrate X pellucida Ammospermophilus leucurus White-tailed Antelope Squirrel Mammal Antrozous pallidus Pallid Bat Mammal Chaetodipus formosus Long-tailed Pocket Mouse Mammal Clethrionomys gapperi Southern Red-backed Vole Mammal Conepatus leuconotus White-backed Hog-nosed Skunk Mammal X X X X X X X X X X X X X Streptocephalus Vitrina X X Streptocephalus alaskana SD AHS obrussa Fossaria Species MD AHN Fossaria Genus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Conepatus leuconotus leuconotu Hog-nosed Skunk Mammal X X Corynorhinus townsendii pallescen Pale Townsend's Big-eared Bat Mammal X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 58 Appendix B. Species found throughout Arizona for which vulnerability status could not be evaluated due to lack of information (‘Data Sufficiency’ category). AHS AZNM CP MD deserti Desert Kangaroo Rat Mammal X X Idionycteris phyllotis Allen's Big-eared Bat Mammal X X X X X X Lasionycteris noctivagans Silver-haired Bat Mammal X X X X X Species Subspecies Common Name SD AHN Dipodomys Genus Taxon Lasiurus cinereus Hoary Bat Mammal X X X X X X Lynx rufus Bobcat Mammal X X X X X X X X X X X X X Mustela frenata Long-tailed Weasel Mammal Myotis auriculus Southwestern Myotis Mammal X Myotis evotis Long-eared Myotis Mammal X Myotis occultus Arizona Myotis Mammal X Neotoma lepida Desert Woodrat Mammal Neotoma lepida Arizona Woodrat Mammal Neotoma mexicana Mexican Woodrat Mammal X Neotoma stephensi Stephen's Woodrat Mammal X Notiosorex cockrumi Cockrum’s Shrew Mammal Nyctinomops femorosaccus Pocketed Free-tailed Bat Mammal X X Onychomys leucogaster Northern Grasshopper Mouse Mammal X X Onychomys torridus Southern Grasshopper Mouse Mammal X X Perognathus amplus Arizona Pocket Mouse Mammal X Perognathus amplus amplus Yavapai Arizona Pocket Mouse Mammal X Perognathus amplus cineris Perognathus apache devia Wupatki Arizona Pocket Mouse Mammal Apache Pocket Mouse Mammal X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Perognathus flavus Silky Pocket Mouse Mammal Perognathus longimembris Little Pocket Mouse Mammal X Perognathus parvus Great Basin Pocket Mouse Mammal X Peromyscus boylii Brush Mouse Mammal Peromyscus crinitus Canyon Mouse Mammal Peromyscus difficilis Rock Mouse Mammal Peromyscus eremicus Cactus Mouse Mammal X X Peromyscus eremicus Cactus Mouse Mammal X X Peromyscus leucopus White-footed Mouse Mammal X X Peromyscus truei Pinon Mouse Mammal X Reithrodontomys fulvescens Fulvous Harvest Mouse Mammal Reithrodontomys megalotis Reithrodontomys megalotis Reithrodontomys montanus eremicus megalotis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Western Harvest Mouse Mammal X X X X X Western Harvest Mouse Mammal X X X X X Plains Harvest Mouse Mammal X X X X X X Sigmodon arizonae Arizona Cotton Rat Mammal Sigmodon fulviventer Tawny-bellied Cotton Rat Mammal X Sigmodon hispidus Hispid Cotton Rat Mammal X Sigmodon ochrognathus Yellow-nosed Cotton Rat Mammal Sorex monticolus Dusky Shrew Mammal X X X X X X X X X Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona’s CWCS: State of the State (Companion Document B) June 28, 2005 Page 59 Appendix B. Species found throughout Arizona for which vulnerability status could not be evaluated due to lack of information (‘Data Sufficiency’ category). X X SD X CP X MD Common Name AZNM Subspecies AHS Species AHN Genus X X X X X X X X X X Taxon Spermophilus lateralis Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel Mammal Spermophilus tereticaudus Round-tailed Ground Squirrel Mammal Spermophilus tridecemlineatus monticola White Mountains Ground Squirrel Mammal Spilogale gracilis Western Spotted Skunk Mammal X X X Taxidea taxus American Badger Mammal X X X Thomomys bottae Botta's Pocket Gopher Mammal X X X X Thomomys bottae desertorum Pocket Gopher Mammal X Thomomys bottae mearnsi Mearns' Southern Pocket Gopher Mammal X X X Thomomys talpoides Northern Pocket Gopher Mammal Vulpes macrotis Kit Fox Mammal Aspidoscelis exsanguis Chihuahuan Spotted Whiptail Reptile Crotalus oreganus lutosus Great Basin Rattlesnake Crotalus oreganus concolor Midget Faded Rattlesnake Eumeces gilberti rubricaudat Western Red-tailed Skink Reptile X Gyalopion canum Chihuahuan Hook-nosed Snake Reptile X Holbrookia maculata Speckled Earless Lizard Reptile X Holbrookia maculata pulchra Huachuca Earless Lizard Reptile Leptotyphlops humilis cahuilae Desert Threadsnake Reptile Leptotyphlops humilis utahensis Utah Threadsnake Reptile Leptotyphlops humilis segregus Trans-Pecos Threadsnake Reptile X Masticophis flagellum cingulum Sonoran Coachwhip Reptile X Phrynosoma cornutum Texas Horned Lizard Reptile Phrynosoma solare Regal Horned Lizard Reptile Phyllorhynchus browni Saddled Leaf-nosed Snake Reptile Phyllorhynchus decurtatus Spotted Leaf-nosed Snake Reptile approximans X X X X Reptile X X Reptile X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X