Arizona’s Juvenile Court Counts Statewide Statistical Information FY2014 JULY 1, 2013 - JUNE 30, 2014 ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE COURTS JUVENILE JUSTICE SERVICES DIVISION Research & Information Unit | Suite 337 | 602.452.3443 Produced and Published by Arizona Supreme Court – Administrative Office of the Courts Juvenile Justice Services Division Deborah D. Kurth, PhD Research and Information Manager Special thanks to the JOLTS Coordinators, Directors, and staff for their diligence in ensuring quality data for this report. ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I: Introduction & Trends INTRODUCTION AND TRENDS .............................................................................. 1 Section II: Referral Processing REFERRALS ......................................................................................................... 7 DETENTION ...................................................................................................... 13 DIVERSION ....................................................................................................... 17 Section III: Court Processing PETITIONS ........................................................................................................ 21 DISMISSALS ...................................................................................................... 25 PENALTY ONLY .................................................................................................. 29 STANDARD PROBATION ..................................................................................... 33 INTENSIVE PROBATION (JIPS) ........................................................................... 37 Section IV: Additional Topics JUVENILE CORRECTIONS (ADJC) ....................................................................... 41 ADJC & AOC COMPARISON................................................................................. 45 PATHWAYS TO ADULT COURT ............................................................................ 47 DIRECT FILINGS IN ADULT COURT ........................................................ 48 TRANSFERRED TO ADULT COURT ......................................................... 52 FEMALE JUVENILES ........................................................................................... 57 Notes & Glossary NOTES ............................................................................................................ 59 GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................ 62 i ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPHS INTRODUCTION & TRENDS Juvenile Justice Flow Chart ......................................................................................... 3 Arizona Juvenile Court Activity, FY14 ........................................................................... 4 Arizona Juvenile Population Projections, Ages 8 - 17 ..................................................... 4 Referrals, Petitions Filed & Juveniles Referred and Petitioned, Fiscal Years 2010 - 2014 ... 5 The Number of Juveniles Disposed to Probation, Intensive Probation, ADJC and Adult Court, Fiscal Years 2010 - 2014 .................................................................................. 5 Pathways to Adult Court, Fiscal Years 2010 - 2014 ....................................................... 6 REFERRALS 1.1 Juveniles Referred by County, FY14 ....................................................................... 7 1.2 Juveniles Referred by Sex, FY14 ............................................................................ 7 1.3 Juveniles Referred by Age, FY14 ........................................................................... 7 1.4 Juveniles Referred by Race, FY14 .......................................................................... 8 1.5 Juveniles Referred by Education Status, FY14 ......................................................... 8 1.6 Juveniles Referred by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 ............................................ 8 1.7 Juveniles Referred by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 .................................. 8 1.8 Juveniles Referred by Offense Class of Most Serious Offense, FY14 .......................... 8 Graph: Referrals, Five Year Trend ............................................................................... 9 1.9 Top Ten Referral Categories ................................................................................. 9 1.10 Juveniles Referred by County and Sex, FY14 .......................................................10 1.11 Juveniles Referred by County and Age, FY14 .......................................................10 1.12 Juveniles Referred by County and Race, FY14 ......................................................11 DETENTION 2.1 Juveniles Detained by County, FY14 .....................................................................13 2.2 Juveniles Detained by Sex, FY14 ..........................................................................13 2.3 Juveniles Detained by Age, FY14 ..........................................................................14 2.4 Juveniles Detained by Race, FY14 ........................................................................14 2.5 Juveniles Detained by Education Status, FY14 .......................................................14 2.6 Juveniles Detained by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 ...........................................14 2.7 Juveniles Detained for a Referral by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14.............14 2.8 Juveniles Detained for a Referral by Offense Class of Most Serious Offense, FY14 .....14 2.9 Juveniles Detained by County and Sex, FY14 .........................................................15 2.10 Juveniles Detained by County and Age, FY14 .......................................................15 2.11 Juveniles Detained by County and Race, FY14 .....................................................16 Graph: Juveniles Detained, Five Year Trend ................................................................16 DIVERSION 3.1 Juveniles Diverted by County, FY14 ......................................................................17 3.2 Juveniles Diverted by Sex, FY14 ...........................................................................17 3.3 Juveniles Diverted by Age, FY14 ...........................................................................17 3.4 Juveniles Diverted by Race, FY14 .........................................................................18 3.5 Juveniles Diverted by Education Status, FY14 ........................................................18 3.6 Juveniles Diverted by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 ...........................................18 3.7 Juveniles Diverted by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 .................................18 3.8 Juveniles Diverted by Offense Class, FY14 .............................................................18 3.9 Juveniles Diverted by County and Sex, FY14..........................................................19 3.10 Juveniles Diverted by County and Age, FY14 .......................................................19 3.11 Juveniles Diverted by County and Race, FY14 ......................................................20 Graph: Five Year Trend .............................................................................................20 ii PETITIONS 4.1 Juveniles Petitioned by County, FY14 ....................................................................21 4.2 Juveniles Petitioned by Sex, FY14 .........................................................................21 4.3 Juveniles Petitioned by Age, FY14 ........................................................................21 4.4 Juveniles Petitioned by Race, FY14 .......................................................................22 4.5 Juveniles Petitioned by Education Status, FY14 ......................................................22 4.6 Juveniles Petitioned by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 .........................................22 4.7 Juveniles Petitioned by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 ...............................22 4.8 Juveniles Petitioned by Offense Class, FY14 ..........................................................22 4.9 Juveniles Petitioned by County and Sex, FY14 .......................................................23 4.10 Juveniles Petitioned by County and Age, FY14 .....................................................23 4.11 Juveniles Petitioned by County and Race, FY14 ....................................................24 Graph: Petitions, Five Year Trend...............................................................................24 DISMISSALS 5.1 Juveniles with Dismissals by County, FY14 ............................................................25 5.2 Juveniles with Dismissals by Sex, FY14 .................................................................25 5.3 Juveniles with Dismissals by Age, FY14 .................................................................25 5.4 Juveniles with Dismissals by Race, FY14 ...............................................................26 5.5 Juveniles with Dismissals by Education Status, FY14 ..............................................26 5.6 Juveniles with Dismissals by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 ..................................26 5.7 Juveniles with Dismissals by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14........................26 5.8 Juveniles with Dismissals by Offense Class, FY14 ...................................................26 5.9 Juveniles with Dismissals by County and Sex, FY14 ................................................27 5.10 Juveniles with Dismissals by County and Age, FY14 ..............................................27 5.11 Juveniles with Dismissals by County and Race, FY14 ............................................28 Graph: Dismissals, Five Year Trend ............................................................................28 PENALTY ONLY 6.1 Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by County, FY14 ..............................................29 6.2 Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Sex, FY14 ...................................................29 6.3 Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Age, FY14 ...................................................29 6.4 Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Race, FY14 .................................................30 6.5 Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Education Status, FY14 ................................30 6.6 Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 ....................30 6.7 Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14..........30 6.8 Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Offense Class, FY14 .....................................30 6.9 Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by County and Sex, FY14 ..................................31 6.10 Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by County and Age, FY14 ................................31 6.11 Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by County and Race, FY14 ..............................32 Graph: Penalty Only, Five Year Trend .........................................................................32 STANDARD PROBATION 7.1 Standard Probation by County, FY14 ....................................................................33 7.2 Standard Probation by Sex, FY14 .........................................................................33 7.3 Standard Probation by Age, FY14 .........................................................................33 7.4 Standard Probation by Race, FY14 ........................................................................34 7.5 Standard Probation by Education Status, FY14 ......................................................34 7.6 Standard Probation by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 ..........................................34 7.7 Standard Probation by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 ................................34 7.8 Standard Probation by Offense Class, FY14 ...........................................................34 7.9 Standard Probation by County and Sex, FY14 ........................................................35 7.10 Standard Probation by County and Age, FY14 ......................................................35 7.11 Standard Probation by County and Race, FY14 ....................................................36 Graph: Standard Probation, Five Year Trend ...............................................................36 INTENSIVE PROBATION (JIPS) 8.1 JIPS by County, FY14 ..........................................................................................37 8.2 JIPS by Sex, FY14 ...............................................................................................37 8.3 JIPS by Age, FY14...............................................................................................37 iii 8.4 JIPS by Race, FY14 .............................................................................................38 8.5 JIPS by Education Status, FY14 ............................................................................38 8.6 JIPS by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 ...............................................................38 8.7 JIPS by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 .....................................................38 8.8 JIPS by Offense Class, FY14.................................................................................38 8.9 JIPS by Sex by County, FY14 ...............................................................................39 8.10 JIPS by Age by County, FY14 .............................................................................39 8.11 JIPS by Race by County, FY14 ............................................................................40 Graph: Intensive Probation, Five Year Trend ...............................................................40 JUVENILE CORRECTIONS (ADJC) 9.1 Juvenile Corrections by County, FY14 ...................................................................41 9.2 Juvenile Corrections by Sex, FY14 ........................................................................41 9.3 Juvenile Corrections by Age, FY14 ........................................................................42 9.4 Juvenile Corrections by Race, FY14.......................................................................42 9.5 Juvenile Corrections by Education Status, FY14 .....................................................42 9.6 Juvenile Corrections by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 .........................................42 9.7 Juvenile Corrections by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 ...............................42 9.8 Juvenile Corrections by Offense Class, FY14 ..........................................................42 9.9 Juvenile Corrections by County and Sex, FY14 .......................................................43 9.10 Juvenile Corrections by County and Age, FY14 .....................................................43 9.11 Juvenile Corrections by County and Race, FY14 ...................................................44 Graph: Arizona Dept. of Juvenile Corrections, Five Year Trend ......................................44 ADJC & AOC COMPARISON 10.1 Commitments FY14 ...........................................................................................45 10.2 Commitments FY13 ...........................................................................................46 Graph: Juveniles with Original Commitments to ADJC, Five Year Trend .........................46 PATHWAYS TO ADULT COURT 11.1 Pathways to Adult Court, FY14 ...........................................................................47 11.2 Pathways to Adult Court by County, FY14............................................................47 DIRECT FILINGS IN ADULT COURT 11.3 Direct Filings by County, FY14 ............................................................................48 11.4 Direct Filings by Sex, FY14 .................................................................................48 11.5 Direct Filings by Age, FY14 ................................................................................49 11.6 Direct Filings by Race, FY14 ...............................................................................49 11.7 Direct Filings by Education Status, FY14 ..............................................................49 11.8 Direct Filings by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 .................................................49 11.9 Direct Filings by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 .......................................49 11.10 Direct Filings by Offense Class, FY14 .................................................................49 11.11 Direct Filings by County and Sex, FY14..............................................................50 11.12 Direct Filings by County and Age, FY14 .............................................................50 11.13 Direct Filings by County and Race, FY14 ............................................................51 Graph: Juveniles Direct Filed to Adult Court, Five Year Trend .......................................51 TRANSFERRED TO ADULT COURT 11.14 Transferred by County, FY14 ............................................................................52 11.15 Transferred by Sex, FY14 .................................................................................52 11.16 Transferred by Age, FY14 ................................................................................53 11.17 Transferred by Race, FY14 ...............................................................................53 11.18 Transferred by Education Status, FY14 ..............................................................53 11.19 Transferred by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 .................................................53 11.20 Transferred by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 .......................................53 11.21 Transferred by Offense Class, FY14...................................................................53 11.22 Transferred by County and Sex, FY14 ...............................................................54 11.23 Transferred by County and Age, FY14 ...............................................................54 11.24 Transferred by County and Race, FY14..............................................................55 Graph: Juveniles Transferred to Adult Court, Five Year Trend .......................................55 iv FEMALE JUVENILES 12.1 Gender by Court Stage, FY14 .............................................................................57 12.2 Average Age at First Referral, FY14 ....................................................................57 12.3 Gender by Severity of the Most Serious Referral Offense, FY14 .............................57 12.4 Gender by Offense Class ....................................................................................58 12.5 Juveniles Who Received Court Funded Treatment, FY14 .......................................58 12.6 Treatment Expenditures by Category Percentage of Total Dollars Spent ................58 Graph: Juveniles Referred by Sex...............................................................................58 NOTES & GLOSSARY Notes ......................................................................................................................59 Glossary ..................................................................................................................62 v This page was intentionally left blank. FY 2014 Introduction & Trends Arizona’s Juvenile Court Counts ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 INTRODUCTION AND TRENDS The Juvenile Justice Services Division’s Research and Information Unit is pleased to present the fourth edition of Arizona’s Juvenile Court Counts. Prior to fiscal year 2011, statistics were presented in a series entitled Juveniles Processed in the Arizona Court System, which ran from 1993 to 2010. Both publications have utilized the same methodology to ensure statistics are comparable across time. Statistics provided are for youth 8 to 17 years old whom have been processed through the juvenile system for either delinquent or incorrigible acts. In Arizona, the Superior Court exercises jurisdiction over these juveniles, and while exercising such jurisdiction, sits as a Juvenile Court. Children under the age of eight are considered dependent regardless of the nature of the act committed and individuals 18 and older are considered adults (A.R.S. §8-201.13), therefore these two categories of offenders are not included in this publication. Currently, information on delinquent and incorrigible youth are maintained in two case management systems – Juvenile Online Tracking System (JOLTS) and the integrated Court Information System (iCIS). Maricopa County uses iCIS and the remaining fourteen counties use JOLTS. However, Pima County recently transitioned to an upgraded version of JOLTS (JOLTSaz) on July 1, 2013. Various departments and staff members input data into these systems and each juvenile court actively participates in maintaining the data to ensure its quality and accuracy. Data from these systems were extracted in February 2015 and used to calculate statistics for this edition. Included in the data extraction were data on all juveniles who were processed through any court stage during fiscal year 2014 (FY14), July 1, 2013 through June 30, 2014. Each section of this publication provides statistics on each of these court stages, which are as follows:       Referral Detention Diversion Petition Dismissal Penalty Only       Standard Probation Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision (JIPS) Juvenile Corrections Direct File to Adult Court Transfer to Adult Court Juvenile Females (Special Topic Section) Statistics provided are cross-sectional in design. Therefore, statistics are not reflective of case processing start to finish for individual youth, but rather a snapshot of the juveniles who experienced each particular stage during the given timeframe. A juvenile may be counted in one or multiple stages or have been counted in a previous fiscal year when processing first began. In addition, youth from the current counts may reappear in next year’s numbers as well, if their case is not resolved until then. Each section starts with the count of juveniles1 who experienced that stage. Each juvenile is counted once. Note, these statistics will diverge from reports that count by case or charge. Next, breakdowns of those juveniles by demographic categories, offense2, and county are provided. In the event the juvenile had multiple referrals or petitions moving through the court, each variable was measured using the juveniles’ first referral, petition, or disposition falling within the fiscal year. Each section also has a graph showing the five year trend for that stage. Due to ongoing data conversion efforts, some statistics from Pima County are counted as “unknown” in this edition. 1 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 INTRODUCTION AND TRENDS Officers from the Juvenile Probation Department conduct risk assessments on youth at various stages. Assessments are completed upon receipt of a referral during the Pre-Petition Investigation and Diversion, after adjudication during the Dispositional Investigation and Report, during a term of probation, and when needed for such things as case transfers, detention decisions, program placement, or re-entry. Assessments are completed with a state approved tool that classifies a juvenile as a low, medium, or high risk to recidivate. The assessment covers multiple domains and often use input from the juvenile, parents, school, and other official documents such as school or delinquency records. Currently, risk assessment data is undergoing a conversion and is not available for this edition. On the pages that follow, several charts and graphs are included to provide an overview of how juveniles are processed through the system as well as to illustrate current trends. The Arizona Juvenile Court Activities graph on page 4 provides duplicated and unduplicated counts of juveniles at each stage. Since a juvenile may receive more than one referral in a given year and each referral may or may not have the same disposition, the number of referrals and the number of juveniles at each stage will not be the same. A population projection graph is provided on page 4 to illustrate the increasing number of youth residing in Arizona who are within the Juvenile Court’s age of jurisdiction. The next graph on page 5 shows trends for referrals, juveniles referred, petitions filed and juveniles with petitions filed. The “referrals” figure is the cumulative number of referrals for the year. The “juveniles referred” figure, on the other hand, is the number of unique youth who received those referrals. The same distinction is made between petitions filed (every petition counted) and juveniles with petitions filed (each juvenile counted once regardless of multiple petitions). Overall, the number of referrals and petitions, as well as the number of juveniles from each category, has been decreasing since FY07. The Dispositions graph on page 5 shows the number of juveniles ordered to each disposition over the past five years. The number for each disposition is unduplicated; however, if a youth received more than one disposition during the fiscal year, he or she would be counted once in each disposition category. Each year, standard probation is the most common disposition followed by intensive probation. Disposition to the adult court is consistently the least common outcome. The last graph in this section (page 6) shows the number of juveniles entering adult court through each available pathway. Pathways include judicial transfer, mandatory direct file, mandatory prior conviction direct file, chronic direct file, and discretionary direct file. While the number of juveniles in each pathway is unduplicated, a juvenile may appear in more than one pathway due to multiple petitions taking different pathways. Overall, the number of juveniles in adult court is decreasing. Mandatory direct filings remain the most common pathway to adult court. The least common is transfers. Research on juveniles processed in the Arizona court system is constant. For additional publications and statistical reports from the Arizona Supreme Court’s Juvenile Justice Services Division (JJSD), please visit our website at http://www.azcourts.gov/jjsd. 2 INTRODUCTION AND TRENDS FY14 Juvenile Justice Flow Chart REFER TO OTHER AGENCY DELINQUENT/INCORRIGIBLE ACT ACTION BY POLICE, SCHOOL OR PARENTS COMPLAINT/REFERRAL JUVENILE PROBATION DEPARTMENT DIVERSION PROBATION OFFICER DIRECT FILING TO ADULT COURT DISCRETIONARY OR MANDATORY COUNTY ATTORNEY COMMUNITY JUSTICE COMMITTEE DIVERSION PROGRAM NO PETITION FILED PETITION TRANSFER REQUEST ADVISORY HEARING CONSEQUENCES ADVISORY HEARING SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION Transfer Hearing NON-COMPLIANCE ADJUDICATION HEARING DENIED DISMISSED GRANTED ADJUDICATED REMAND TO ADULT COURT DISPOSITION HEARING OTHER SANCTIONS PROBATION 3 NOTE: Adult court processes past transfer/direct filing are not shown here. COMMIT TO ADJC INTRODUCTION AND TRENDS FY14 Arizona Juvenile Court Activity, FY14 Intake: Received by Probation Department 39,578 Referrals 26,991 Juveniles Referrals (Physical) 6,532 Referrals 5,110 Juveniles Diversion 13,436 Referrals 12,286 Juveniles Referrals (Paper) 33,046 Referrals 24,194 Juveniles Petitions Filed 15,193 Petitions 9,032 Juveniles Penalty Only 510 Petitions 440 Juveniles Dismissed 4,948 Petitions 3,979 Juveniles Transferred to Adult Court 14 Petitions 14 Juveniles Standard Probation 6,829 Petitions 4,929 Juveniles Direct Filed in Adult Court 268 Referrals 227 Juveniles ADJC 648 Petitions 471 Juveniles JIPS 2,091 Petitions 1,089 Juveniles 1,190,630 1,167,106 1,142,546 1,117,347 1,091,818 1,067,405 1,046,525 1,030,722 1,020,439 1,011,611 1,002,713 995,172 989,372 984,396 978,784 975,729 969,083 955,973 939,459 924,365 Arizona Juvenile Population Projections Ages 8 - 17 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 Source: Arizona Department of Administration, Office of Employment and Population Statistics 4 INTRODUCTION AND TRENDS FY14 Referrals, Petitions Filed & Juveniles Referred and Petitioned, Fiscal Years 2010 - 2014 70,000 60,822 60,000 50,000 54,610 41,040 40,000 30,000 20,000 24,074 14,307 50,251 43,827 36,639 33,617 21,897 19,602 FY10 Referrals 17,085 26,991 15,193 12,805 11,249 9,850 9,032 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 10,000 0 29,510 39,578 Juveniles Referred Petitions Juveniles Petitioned The Number of Juveniles Disposed to Probation, Intensive Probation, ADJC and Adult Court, Fiscal Years 2010-2014 10,000 9,351 9,000 7,793 8,000 6,695 7,000 5,837 6,000 4,929 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,568 1,449 1,191 1,089 1,000 751 1,282 703 584 479 471 0 427 FY10 364 FY11 277 FY12 272 FY13 241 FY14 Standard Probation Intensive Probation 5 ADJC Adult Court INTRODUCTION AND TRENDS FY14 Juvenile Pathways to Adult Court Fiscal Years 2010 - 2014 180 160 140 153 152 120 134 104 105 80 62 77 57 40 31 20 34 0 129 99 100 60 153 FY10 Transfer 32 31 18 20 18 15 14 FY12 FY13 FY14 26 24 FY11 Mandatory 71 Mandatory-Prior 6 Chronic 21 16 Discretionary FY 2014 Referral Processing REFERRALS DETENTION DIVERSION ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 REFERRALS Statistics provided in this section are on individual youth (unduplicated). For youth who were referred more than once during the fiscal year, information from the first referral is reported. Table 1.1. Juveniles Referred by County, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Juveniles formally enter the court system when a referral is made. Referrals are submitted to the County Attorney and allege the youth committed a delinquent or incorrigible act. Referrals can be made by police, parents, school officials, probation officers, other agencies or individuals requesting the juvenile court to assume jurisdiction over the youth’s conduct. In order for a referral to be made, the youth must be between 8 and 17 years old. Referrals can be “paper referrals” issued as citations or police reports, or “physical referrals” where the juvenile is detained (arrested) by law enforcement. Multiple offenses can be included on a referral. Statistics provided in this section focus on the most serious offense included in the referral. Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL COUNT 154 654 702 430 277 65 61 13,476 1,200 576 PERCENT 0.57% 2.42% 2.60% 1.59% 1.03% 0.24% 0.23% 49.93% 4.45% 2.13% 5,229 1,471 314 1,089 1,293 19.37% 5.45% 1.16% 4.03% 4.79% 26,991 100.00% Table 1.2. Juveniles Referred by Sex, FY14 In 2014, an estimated 924,365 juveniles aged 8 to 17 resided in Arizona. From July 1, 2013 to June 31, 2014, 2.9% of these juveniles were referred to Arizona’s juvenile courts. This figure translates to a ratio of roughly 1 in every 35 juveniles being referred. Lastly, these 26,991 juveniles generated 39,578 referrals, which is an average of almost 1.5 referrals per juvenile in the given year. Male Female 18,237 8,754 67.56% 32.43% TOTAL 26,991 100.00% Table 1.3. Juveniles Referred by Age, FY14 AGE 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Unknown As shown in Table 1.1, the majority of referrals originate from Maricopa County. Most of the referred juveniles were male, in their late teens, and White. In addition, most referred juveniles had no prior referrals on record and were referred for a misdemeanor offense. TOTAL 7 COUNT 95 206 294 569 1,182 2,233 3,476 4,922 6,062 7,742 210 PERCENT 0.35% 0.76% 1.09% 2.11% 4.38% 8.27% 12.88% 18.27% 22.46% 28.68% 0.78% 26,991 100.00% JUVENILES REFERRED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 1.4. Juveniles Referred by Race, FY14 COUNT 7,155 2,763 PERCENT 26.51% 10.24% White Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Other Unknown 14,737 1,623 213 78 422 54.60% 6.01% 0.79% 0.29% 1.56% TOTAL 26,991 100.00% RACE Hispanic African American Table 1.5. Juveniles Referred by Education Status, FY14 STATUS COUNT PERCENT Enrolled 12,458 46.16% Not Enrolled Expelled Suspended Withdrawn Graduated GED Program Unknown 1,094 61 104 164 101 23 12,986 4.05% 0.23% 0.39% 0.61% 0.37% 0.09% 48.11% TOTAL 26,991 100.00% Table 1.7. Juveniles Referred by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 COUNTY COUNT PERCENT Felonies Against Persons 1,549 5.74% Felonies Against Property 1,962 7.27% Obstruction of Justice, Felony & 2,719 10.07% Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Persons 3,035 11.24% Drugs, Felony & Misdemeanor 4,048 15.00% Public Peace, Felony & Misdemeanor 6,315 23.40% Misdemeanors Against Property 4,074 15.09% Status Offense 3,000 11.12% Administrative TOTAL 288 1.07% 26,990* 100.00% *Missing/Erroneous offense data on one referral. Table 1.8. Juveniles Referred by Offense Class, FY14 Table 1.6. Juveniles Referred by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 PRIOR REFERRALS COUNT PERCENT 0 14,202 52.62% 1 4,733 17.54% 2 2,343 8.68% 3 1,409 5.22% 4 949 3.52% 5 696 2.58% 6 539 2.00% 7 423 1.57% 8 or more 1,697 6.29% TOTAL 26,991 OFFENSE CLASS Felony Misdemeanor Violations of Probation & Ordinances Status Other TOTAL COUNT 8,579 13,670 1,364 2,998 379 PERCENT 31.79% 50.65% 5.05% 11.11% 1.40% 26,990* 100.00% *Missing/Erroneous offense data on one referral. 100.00% 8 JUVENILES REFERRED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 1.9. Top Ten Referral Categories, FY14 OFFENSE CATEGORY Shoplifting-Misdemeanor Probation Violation COUNT 3,968 3,841 Assault Alcohol Truancy Disorderly Conduct Possession of Marijuana Possession of Drug Paraphernalia Runaway Criminal Damage TOTAL TOP TEN REFERRALS 3,442 2,981 2,855 2,617 2,265 2,129 1,599 1,512 27,209 TOTAL OF ALL REFERRALS 39,578 PERCENT 10.03% 9.70% 8.70% 7.53% 7.21% 6.61% 5.72% 5.38% 4.04% 3.82% 68.74% 100.00% Referrals, Five Year Trend 70,000 60,822 60,000 50,000 54,610 41,040 40,000 50,251 43,827 36,639 33,617 29,510 30,000 39,578 26,991 20,000 10,000 0 FY10 FY11 FY12 Juveniles FY13 Referrals 9 FY14 JUVENILES REFERRED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 1.10. Juveniles Referred by County and Sex, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma STATEWIDE TOTALS MALE COUNT 97 439 460 292 PERCENT 62.99% 67.13% 65.53% 67.91% FEMALE COUNT 57 215 242 138 PERCENT 37.01% 32.87% 34.47% 32.09% 171 46 45 9,261 816 368 3,422 1,038 216 730 836 61.73% 70.77% 73.77% 68.72% 68.00% 63.89% 65.42% 70.56% 68.79% 67.03% 64.66% 106 19 16 4,215 384 208 1,807 433 98 359 457 38.27% 29.23% 26.23% 31.28% 32.00% 36.11% 34.56% 29.44% 31.21% 32.97% 35.34% 18,237 67.56% 8,754 32.43% Tables 1.10 through 1.12 provide statistics on sex, age and race by county. Males account for the majority of referrals in all fifteen counties; however, Apache had the smallest proportion of males (62.99%) and La Paz had the greatest proportion (73.77%). In each county, the number of juveniles referred increased with age and, with exception to two counties (La Paz and Santa Cruz), the majority of juveniles were White. Table 1.11. Juveniles Referred by County and Age, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 0 2 4 1 5 0 1 18 4 2 25 1 8 7 6 5 0 0 57 10 4 57 1 8 7 6 5 1 0 92 20 3 81 2 13 10 12 6 2 0 223 29 3 157 2 42 38 22 12 1 1 482 60 13 280 8 56 51 29 44 9 3 989 110 33 520 20 82 101 57 33 9 11 1,688 176 79 702 32 137 117 88 48 14 15 2,508 200 130 932 39 130 167 97 61 12 14 3,167 220 133 1,137 48 173 193 111 58 17 13 4,189 351 170 1,303 1 3 7 1 0 0 3 63 20 6 35 154 654 702 430 277 65 61 13,476 1,200 576 5,229 5 0 7 21 9 4 9 29 16 1 16 37 36 7 19 50 77 7 68 77 136 23 83 139 187 29 146 156 248 58 168 227 328 86 233 238 402 94 337 283 27 5 3 36 1,471 314 1,089 1,293 49.93% 4.45% 2.13% 19.37% 5.45% 1.16% 4.03% 4.79% 95 206 294 569 1,182 2,233 3,476 4,922 6,062 7,742 210 26,991 100.00% 10 UNKNOWN TOTAL % OF TOTAL 0.57% 2.42% 2.60% 1.59% 1.03% 0.24% 0.23% 8 JUVENILES REFERRED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 1.12. Juveniles Referred by County and Race, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL 20 277 109 98 50 20 25 4,459 AFRICAN AMERICAN 1 31 21 4 7 0 3 1,884 123 58 0 489 302 219 906 7,155 HISPANIC 88 319 267 273 175 38 9 6,146 NATIVE AMERICAN 39 19 299 35 40 2 0 488 30 10 481 212 1 23 55 998 295 4,423 617 10 800 279 38 201 281 107 0 37 37 4 1 44 20 0 6 15 1 2 0 3 0 2 0 6 9 0 23 1 2 1 2,763 14,737 1,623 213 78 422 WHITE 11 ASIAN/PI OTHER UNKNOWN TOTAL 1 1 2 10 2 0 0 107 0 2 4 0 0 0 23 41 5 5 0 10 3 5 1 351 154 654 702 430 277 65 61 13,476 % OF TOTAL 0.57% 2.42% 2.60% 1.59% 1.03% 0.24% 0.23% 49.93% 1,200 576 5,229 1,471 314 1,089 1,293 4.45% 2.13% 19.37% 5.45% 1.16% 4.03% 4.79% 26,991 100.00% This page was intentionally left blank. ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 DETENTION needed. These juveniles appear in the originating county’s data as well as in the data of the county detained. Additionally, some counties have entered into contracts and/or agreements with federal agencies, tribal courts, or other state agencies to house juveniles. Statistics provided in this section are on individual youth (unduplicated). For youth who were detained more than once during the fiscal year, information from the first instance is reported. Some juveniles are detained by law enforcement at the scene of the crime, or shortly thereafter, and taken to a detention facility. Detention is similar to “jail” in the adult system, but governed by different rules. In Arizona, a juvenile may only be detained if certain criteria outlined in Rule 23D are met. Rule 23D states a juvenile may only be detained if there is probable cause to believe the juvenile committed acts alleged in the petition, and: In FY14, 5,952 juveniles were detained at least once. Roughly 3,879 (65.2%) of these juveniles were detained as a result of a referral, the others were detained as a result of court holds, warrants, probation consequences, or for another jurisdiction. Juveniles who were detained by a physical referral (arrest) represent 14.4% of the juvenile referred. Over the past few years, the number of juveniles detained has steadily decreased despite population increases. 1. The juvenile would not be present at any hearing; or 2. The juvenile is likely to commit an offense injurious to himself or others; or 3. The juvenile must be held for another jurisdiction; 4. The interests of the juvenile or the public require custodial protection; or 5. The juvenile must be held pending the filing of a complaint pursuant to A.R.S. §13-501. Table 2.1. Juveniles Detained by County, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Juveniles may also be held in detention as a consequence or condition of probation. Juvenile detention provides a range of services to support the juvenile's physical, emotional, educational, and social development. Supportive services, at a minimum, include education, recreation, nutrition, medical and health services, visitation, communication, and continuous supervision. Juvenile detention also provides for clinical observation and assessment. Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL Juvenile detention centers must be separate from the adult jail, which is a responsibility vested with the counties. Thirteen of Arizona’s fifteen counties maintain juvenile detention facilities, also referred to as secure care. Juveniles from the remaining two counties (Greenlee and La Paz) are transported to other jurisdictions (Graham and Yuma respectively) when secure custody is COUNT 60 111 219 86 119 20 4 3,113 319 176 PERCENT 1.01% 1.86% 3.68% 1.44% 2.00% 0.34% 0.07% 52.30% 5.36% 2.96% 444 289 98 381 513 7.46% 4.86% 1.65% 6.40% 8.62% 5,952 100.00% Table 2.2. Juveniles Detained by Sex, FY14 13 Male Female 4,672 1,280 78.49% 21.51% TOTAL 5,952 100.00% JUVENILES DETAINED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 2.3. Juveniles Detained by Age, FY14 AGE 8 9 COUNT 4 4 PERCENT 0.07% 0.07% 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Unknown 18 43 141 313 635 1,083 1,520 2,156 35 0.30% 0.72% 2.37% 5.26% 10.67% 18.20% 25.54% 36.22% 0.59% TOTAL 5,952 100.00% Table 2.4. Juveniles Detained by Race, FY14 RACE Hispanic African American White Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Other Unknown TOTAL COUNT 2,191 788 2,397 499 PERCENT 36.81% 13.24% 40.27% 8.38% 23 20 34 0.39% 0.34% 0.57% 5,952 100.00% Table 2.6. Juveniles Detained for a Referral by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 PRIOR REFERRALS COUNT PERCENT 0 976 25.76% 1 523 13.80% 2 383 10.11% 3 306 8.08% 4 5 6 7 8 or more TOTAL 271 236 188 165 741 7.15% 6.23% 4.96% 4.35% 19.56% 3,789 100.00% Table 2.7. Juveniles Detained for a Referral by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 OFFENSE COUNT PERCENT Felonies Against Persons 674 17.79% Felonies Against Property 664 17.52% Obstruction of Justice, Felony & 771 20.35% Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Persons 470 12.40% Drugs, Felony & Misdemeanor 404 10.66% Public Peace, Felony & Misdemeanor 503 13.28% Misdemeanors Against Property 199 5.25% Status Offense Administrative TOTAL Table 2.5. Juveniles Detained by Education Status, FY14 STATUS COUNT PERCENT Enrolled 1,810 30.41% Not Enrolled 399 6.70% Expelled 29 0.49% Suspended 45 0.76% Withdrawn 58 0.97% Graduated 28 0.47% GED Program 17 0.29% Unknown 3,566 59.91% TOTAL 5,952 33 71 0.87% 1.87% 3,789 100.00% Table 2.8. Juveniles Detained for a Referral by Offense Class, FY14 OFFENSE CLASS COUNT PERCENT Felony Misdemeanor Violations of Probation & Ordinances Status Other 1,992 1,200 556 31 10 52.57% 31.67% 14.67% 0.82% 0.26% TOTAL 3,789 100.00% 100.00% 14 JUVENILES DETAINED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 2.9. Juveniles Detained by County and Sex, FY14 MALE COUNT 47 86 164 67 85 17 4 2,490 232 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma STATEWIDE TOTALS FEMALE COUNT 13 25 55 19 34 3 0 623 87 PERCENT 78.33% 77.48% 74.89% 77.91% 71.43% 85.00% 100.00% 79.99% 72.73% PERCENT 21.67% 22.52% 25.11% 22.09% 28.57% 15.00% 0.00% 20.01% 27.27% 129 359 252 76 289 375 73.30% 80.86% 87.20% 77.55% 75.85% 73.10% 47 85 37 22 92 138 26.70% 19.14% 12.80% 22.45% 24.15% 26.90% 4,672 78.49% 1,280 21.51% In Tables 2.9 through 2.11, county breakdowns by sex, age, and race are presented. In each county, the majority of detained juveniles were males in their late teens. The most frequent racial category varied by county. For most counties, the greatest number of detained youth were White. Table 2.10. Juveniles Detained by County and Age, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 10 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 1 11 0 1 4 0 0 1 0 23 5 12 2 3 2 3 5 0 0 73 11 13 1 2 12 2 18 0 0 137 17 14 10 12 28 14 14 3 1 313 31 15 10 20 32 16 23 5 0 569 56 16 13 29 65 22 21 1 1 810 72 17 24 44 73 28 37 9 2 1,165 126 UNKNOWN 0 0 3 0 1 1 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 7 0 1 1 0 2 5 4 3 5 1 15 14 14 23 12 7 27 41 25 51 30 10 50 43 35 78 53 14 70 102 52 123 72 24 93 122 46 160 112 39 118 173 0 5 4 3 0 5 4 4 18 43 141 313 635 1,083 1,520 2,156 35 15 TOTAL % OF TOTAL 1.01% 60 1.86% 111 3.68% 219 1.44% 86 2.00% 119 0.34% 20 0.07% 4 52.30% 3,113 5.36% 319 2.96% 176 7.46% 444 4.86% 289 1.65% 98 6.40% 381 8.62% 513 5,952 100.00% JUVENILES DETAINED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 2.11. Juveniles Detained by County and Race, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL 11 52 35 16 20 6 2 1,340 52 24 0 AFRICAN AMERICAN 1 8 10 0 2 0 0 635 12 3 40 128 91 78 336 2,191 HISPANIC 39 49 76 51 71 11 1 933 238 79 358 NATIVE AMERICAN 8 1 98 19 26 0 0 157 15 68 37 36 0 12 29 98 6 273 114 23 0 16 31 1 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 319 176 444 289 98 381 513 788 2,397 499 23 20 34 5,952 WHITE ASIAN/PI OTHER UNKNOWN TOTAL 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 16 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 16 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 16 1 1 9 60 111 219 86 119 20 4 3,113 % OF TOTAL 1.01% 1.86% 3.68% 1.44% 2.00% 0.34% 0.07% 52.30% 5.36% 2.96% 7.46% 4.86% 1.65% 6.40% 8.62% 100.00% Juveniles Detained, Five Year Trend FY10 to FY14 10,000 9,519 9,000 8,340 7,641 8,000 6,610 7,000 5,952 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 FY10 FY11 FY12 Note: The vertical axis does not start at zero. 16 FY13 FY14 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 DIVERSION Statistics provided in this section are for individual youth (unduplicated). For youth who were diverted more than once during the fiscal year, information from the first instance is reported. Table 3.1. Juveniles Diverted by County, FY14 Diversion is an alternative available to some juvenile offenders to avoid prosecution. Through diversion, a juvenile is given the opportunity to admit to the allegations contained in the referral and receive a consequence in lieu of the formal court process. Consequences can include unpaid community service work, fines or restitution, educational programming, rehabilitative programming, or counseling. If the juvenile successfully completes diversion, his/her obligation to the state (and victim when applicable) is satisfied and a petition is not filed. The outcome cannot be used against the juvenile in any further proceedings and there is no adjudication of incorrigibility or delinquency. If the juvenile is noncompliant with diversion, the referral is sent back to the County Attorney who may then decide to file a petition. COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo COUNT 35 386 307 216 70 3 20 5,977 397 62 PERCENT 0.28% 3.14% 2.50% 1.76% 0.57% 0.02% 0.16% 48.65% 3.23% 0.50% Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma 2,924 715 121 621 432 23.80% 5.82% 0.98% 5.05% 3.52% 12,286 100.00% TOTAL Table 3.2. Juveniles Diverted by Sex, FY14 Male Female The County Attorney has sole discretion to divert prosecution and determine which offenses are eligible for diversion. The County Attorney or Juvenile Court may establish the community-based alternative programs used for diversion. A.R.S. §8321 provides the statutory authority and requirements for diversion and are briefly summarized in the Notes section.3 TOTAL 7,807 4,479 63.54% 36.46% 12,286 100.00% Table 3.3. Juveniles Diverted by Age, FY14 AGE 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Unknown In FY14, there were 12,286 juveniles diverted in Arizona’s juvenile justice system. Over the last five years, the number of juveniles being diverted declined 34.6%, which coincides with the 34.9% decline in referrals. Of the juveniles diverted in FY14, 68.90% had no prior referrals and 61.55% had a misdemeanor as the most serious offense. As shown in Table 3.1, the majority of diverted juveniles originate from Maricopa County. In addition, most diverted juveniles are male, in their late teens, and White. The majority are also enrolled in school. TOTAL 17 COUNT 44 106 177 PERCENT 0.36% 0.86% 1.44% 354 742 1,345 1,964 2,459 2,674 2,418 3 2.88% 6.04% 10.95% 15.99% 20.01% 21.76% 19.68% 0.02% 12,286 100.00% JUVENILES DIVERTED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 3.4. Juveniles Diverted by Race, FY14 Hispanic African American COUNT 3,114 1,210 PERCENT 25.35% 9.85% White Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Other Unknown 6,778 613 114 34 423 55.17% 4.99% 0.93% 0.28% 3.44% 12,286 100.00% RACE TOTAL Table 3.5. Juveniles Diverted by Education Status, FY14 STATUS COUNT PERCENT Enrolled 6,562 53.41% Not Enrolled Expelled Suspended Withdrawn Graduated GED Program Unknown TOTAL 243 11 19 21 27 2 5,401 1.98% 0.09% 0.15% 0.17% 0.22% 0.02% 43.96% 12,286 100.00% Table 3.7. Juveniles Diverted by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 OFFENSE COUNT Felonies Against Persons 142 Felonies Against Property 304 Obstruction of Justice, Felony & 335 Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Persons 1,539 Drugs, Felony & Misdemeanor 2,361 Public Peace, Felony & Misdemeanor 2,921 Misdemeanors Against Property 3,163 Status Offense 1,484 Administrative TOTAL PERCENT 1.16% 2.47% 2.73% 12.53% 19.22% 23.78% 25.74% 12.08% 37 0.30% 12,286 100.00% Table 3.8. Juveniles Diverted by Offense Class, FY14 Table 3.6. Juveniles Diverted by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 PRIOR REFERRALS COUNT PERCENT 0 8,588 68.90% 1 2,434 19.81% 2 756 6.15% 3 246 2.00% 4 88 0.72% 5 57 0.46% 6 33 0.27% 7 25 0.20% 8 or more 59 0.48% TOTAL 12,286 OFFENSE CLASS Felony Misdemeanor Violations of Probation & Ordinances Status Other TOTAL 100.00% 18 COUNT 2,952 7,562 259 1,475 38 PERCENT 24.03% 61.55% 2.11% 12.01% 0.31% 12,286 100.00% JUVENILES DIVERTED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 3.9. Juveniles Diverted by County and Sex, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma STATEWIDE TOTALS MALE COUNT 17 253 188 140 PERCENT 48.57% 65.54% 61.24% 64.81% FEMALE COUNT 18 133 119 76 PERCENT 51.43% 34.46% 38.76% 35.19% 36 1 16 3,838 256 31 1,859 461 78 393 240 51.43% 33.33% 80.00% 64.21% 64.48% 50.00% 63.55% 64.48% 64.46% 63.29% 55.56% 34 2 4 2,139 141 31 1,065 254 43 228 192 48.57% 66.67% 20.00% 35.79% 35.52% 50.00% 36.42% 35.52% 35.54% 36.71% 44.44% 7,807 63.54% 4,479 36.47% In Tables 3.9 through 3.11 county specific breakouts are presented. Navajo had the smallest proportion of diverted male juveniles (50%), while La Paz had the greatest proportion (80%). For all the counties, the majority of diverted juveniles were older teenagers. In most counties, White was the most frequent racial category. Table 3.10. Juveniles Diverted by County and Age, FY14 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 3 4 1 0 0 0 8 5 4 0 0 0 0 9 6 11 2 0 0 0 30 23 11 5 0 1 2 36 32 17 7 0 0 3 63 51 32 11 1 4 13 84 59 43 11 0 7 9 68 68 49 18 1 3 7 82 60 44 15 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 35 386 307 216 70 3 20 11 2 0 11 2 0 1 15 30 4 2 26 6 1 4 20 55 10 1 46 13 1 5 29 135 14 0 113 19 4 11 30 285 28 2 194 52 5 59 47 617 49 4 360 81 11 57 72 999 81 13 460 84 15 87 60 1,302 65 16 554 128 23 95 59 1,384 70 11 601 169 34 132 57 1,157 74 13 559 161 27 170 43 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,977 397 62 2,924 715 121 621 432 1.76% 0.57% 0.02% 0.16% 48.65% 3.23% 0.50% 23.80% 5.82% 0.98% 5.05% 3.52% TOTAL 44 106 177 354 742 1,345 1,964 2,459 2,674 2,418 3 12,286 100.00% 19 UNKNOWN TOTAL % OF TOTAL 0.28% 3.14% 2.50% COUNTY JUVENILES DIVERTED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 3.11. Juveniles Diverted by County and Race, FY14 COUNTY 4 186 53 54 10 1 8 1,997 AFRICAN AMERICAN 0 11 5 2 1 0 2 807 33 7 0 225 115 123 298 3,114 HISPANIC Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL 19 181 124 133 50 1 1 2,754 NATIVE AMERICAN 12 3 122 15 7 0 0 197 8 2 243 91 0 19 19 343 28 2,279 315 5 447 98 12 25 138 50 0 24 8 1 0 28 11 0 5 9 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 236 20 1 2 0 397 62 2,924 715 121 621 432 3.23% 0.50% 23.80% 5.82% 0.98% 5.05% 3.52% 1,210 6,778 613 114 34 423 12,286 100.00% WHITE ASIAN/PI OTHER UNKNOWN TOTAL 0 0 1 8 1 0 0 50 0 1 2 0 0 0 9 18 0 4 0 4 1 1 0 154 35 386 307 216 70 3 20 5,977 % OF TOTAL 0.28% 3.14% 2.50% 1.76% 0.57% 0.02% 0.16% 48.65% Diversion, Five Year Trend 25,000 20,780 18,863 20,000 18,779 15,000 17,407 14,751 17,109 15,737 13,418 10,000 13,436 12,286 5,000 0 FY10 FY11 FY12 Juveniles 20 FY13 Referrals FY14 FY 2014 Court Processing PETITIONS DISMISSALS PENALTY ONLY STANDARD PROBATION INTENSIVE PROBATION (JIPS) ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 PETITIONS Statistics provided in this section are for individual youth (unduplicated). For youth who had more than one petition filed during the fiscal year, information from the first petition is reported. Arizona’s Juvenile Court Counts reports petition data on delinquent and incorrigible youth only. Information on dependent youth can be found in the Administrative Office of the Courts, Dependent Children’s Services Division’s Annual Reports. old and 75% of juveniles petitioned are between 15 and 17 years of age. Table 4.1. Juveniles Petitioned by County, FY14 Only the County Attorney has the authority to send a juvenile case to court by filing a petition. A petition initiates the formal court hearing process by requiring the juvenile and his/her parent/guardian to attend formal hearings before the court to answer the allegations located in the petition. The County Attorney determines which allegations to include in the petition based on the evidence and elements of the alleged act. Petitions counted in this section are for delinquent and incorrigible youth. A youth under the age of eighteen commits a delinquent act if that same act committed by an adult would be a criminal offense. An incorrigible youth commits an offense that would not be considered a crime if he or she were an adult and are often referred to as status offenses. Typically, incorrigible youth are juveniles who are habitually truant from school, have ran away from home, or violated curfew. In addition, juveniles who refuse to obey the reasonable and proper direction of their parents or guardians can be considered incorrigible. COUNTY Apache Cochise COUNT 76 212 PERCENT 0.84% 2.35% Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai 271 179 175 45 11 4,054 414 340 1,341 611 183 447 3.00% 1.98% 1.94% 0.50% 0.12% 44.88% 4.58% 3.76% 14.85% 6.76% 2.03% 4.95% Yuma 673 7.45% TOTAL 9,032 100.00% Table 4.2. Juveniles Petitioned by Sex, FY14 Male Female 6,914 2,118 76.55% 23.45% TOTAL 9,032 100.00% Table 4.3. Juveniles Petitioned by Age, FY14 If a juvenile is taken to detention and held, the filing of a petition must occur within 24 hours of admission to the detention facility (Rule 23C in the Arizona Rules of the Court). When the juvenile is not detained, the petition must be filed within 30 days of receipt of the referral unless time is waived for further investigation. There were 9,032 juveniles with a petition filed during FY14. The relative rate of juveniles petitioned has been stable, staying around 34% of the juveniles referred. The average age of juveniles receiving a petition is just over 15 years 21 AGE COUNT PERCENT 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Unknown 5 19 46 124 295 653 1,121 1,759 2,347 2,648 15 0.06% 0.21% 0.51% 1.37% 3.27% 7.23% 12.41% 19.48% 25.99% 29.32% 0.17% TOTAL 9,032 100.00% JUVENILES WITH PETITIONS FILED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 4.4. Juveniles Petitioned by Race, FY14 Hispanic African American White Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Other Unknown COUNT 2,912 1,075 3,109 725 60 13 1,138 PERCENT 32.24% 11.90% 34.42% 8.03% 0.66% 0.14% 12.60% TOTAL 9,032 100.00% RACE Table 4.5. Juveniles Petitioned by Education Status, FY14 STATUS COUNT PERCENT Enrolled 4,043 44.76% Not Enrolled 767 8.49% Expelled 58 0.64% Suspended Withdrawn Graduated GED Program Unknown 85 141 57 15 3,866 0.94% 1.56% 0.63% 0.17% 42.08% TOTAL 9,032 100.00% Table 4.7. Juveniles Petitioned by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 OFFENSE COUNT PERCENT Felonies Against Persons 943 10.44% Felonies Against Property 1,303 14.43% Obstruction of Justice, Felony & 2,244 24.84% Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Persons 1,106 12.25% Drugs, Felony & Misdemeanor 1,361 15.07% Public Peace, Felony & Misdemeanor 985 10.91% Misdemeanors Against Property 920 10.19% Status Offense Administrative TOTAL 137 33 1.52% 0.37% 9,032 100.00% Table 4.8. Juveniles Petitioned by Offense Class, FY14 Table 4.6. Juveniles Petitioned by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 PRIOR REFERRALS COUNT PERCENT 0 2,410 26.68% 1 1,388 15.37% 2 1,104 12.22% 3 813 9.00% 4 628 6.95% 5 527 5.83% 6 435 4.82% 7 8 or more 330 1,397 3.65% 15.47% TOTAL 9,032 100.00% OFFENSE CLASS Felony Misdemeanor Violations of Probation & Ordinances Status Other COUNT 4,135 3,505 1,114 141 137 PERCENT 45.78% 38.81% 12.33% 1.56% 1.52% TOTAL 9,032 100.00% 22 JUVENILES WITH PETITIONS FILED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 4.9. Juveniles Petitioned by County and Sex, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise MALE COUNT 54 152 PERCENT 71.05% 71.70% Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai 189 132 124 34 10 3,226 306 230 1,022 496 132 334 69.74% 73.74% 70.86% 75.56% 90.91% 79.58% 73.91% 67.65% 76.21% 81.18% 72.13% 74.72% 82 47 51 11 1 828 108 110 319 115 51 113 30.26% 26.26% 29.14% 24.44% 9.09% 20.42% 26.09% 32.35% 23.79% 18.82% 27.87% 25.28% 473 70.28% 200 29.72% 6,914 76.55% 2,118 23.45% Yuma STATEWIDE TOTALS FEMALE COUNT 22 60 PERCENT 28.95% 28.30% In Tables 4.9 through 4.11, sex, age, and race are presented by county. In all of the counties, the majority of juveniles with a petition filed were males in their late teens. In most counties, White was the most frequent racial category. Table 4.10. Juveniles Petitioned by County and Age, FY14 COUNTY 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 UNKNOWN Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 8 6 0 6 3 1 2 2 0 54 11 2 12 4 8 9 0 0 107 24 6 19 18 15 34 4 1 236 35 7 22 32 26 20 6 3 465 61 13 45 49 38 34 8 3 773 86 23 52 88 48 34 10 3 1,076 91 24 56 76 40 40 14 1 1,329 97 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 3 8 32 44 80 89 83 0 340 0 8 9 15 43 92 180 249 365 372 8 1,341 1 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 9 0 4 4 12 2 6 7 29 4 22 23 46 10 40 65 78 23 69 85 119 26 84 152 158 57 101 152 156 58 118 184 1 2 0 0 611 183 447 673 6.76% 2.03% 4.95% 7.45% 5 19 46 124 295 653 1,121 1,759 2,347 2,648 15 9,032 100.00% Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL 23 TOTAL % OF TOTAL 0.84% 76 2.35% 212 3.00% 271 1.98% 179 1.94% 175 45 11 4,054 414 0.50% 0.12% 44.88% 4.58% 3.76% 14.85% JUVENILES WITH PETITIONS FILED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 4.11. Juveniles Petitioned by County and Race, FY14 COUNTY HISPANIC Apache 10 92 43 41 AFRICAN AMERICAN 1 15 9 1 Yavapai Yuma 33 12 3 1,619 53 40 0 210 175 107 474 TOTAL 2,912 Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz 56 104 87 120 NATIVE AMERICAN 6 0 131 12 6 0 1 756 13 6 137 91 0 7 32 104 28 4 1,415 327 160 0 251 7 312 134 31 1 0 201 19 129 96 55 0 17 27 0 0 0 33 1 0 10 2 0 4 5 0 0 3 7 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 0 23 1 4 1,098 1 1 0 1 175 45 11 4,054 414 340 1,341 611 183 447 673 1,075 3,109 725 60 13 1,138 9,032 WHITE ASIAN/PI OTHER UNKNOWN TOTAL 1 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 2 76 212 271 179 Petitions, Five Year Trend 30,000 25,000 24,074 21,897 19,602 20,000 15,000 17,085 14,307 12,805 11,249 9,850 10,000 15,193 9,032 5,000 0 FY10 FY11 FY12 Juveniles 24 FY13 Petitions FY14 % OF TOTAL 0.84% 2.35% 3.00% 1.98% 1.94% 0.50% 0.12% 44.88% 4.58% 3.76% 14.85% 6.76% 2.03% 4.95% 7.45% 100.00% ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 DISMISSALS Table 5.1. Juveniles with Dismissals by County, FY14 COUNTY COUNT PERCENT Apache 46 1.16% Cochise 48 1.21% Coconino 98 2.46% Statistics provided in this section are for individual youth (unduplicated). For youth who had more than one dismissal during the fiscal year, information from the first instance is reported. Petitions or charges within a petition can be dismissed by a judge. A dismissal means further consideration or hearings regarding the petition or charge are terminated and no further formal action is taken. Dismissals can be either with prejudice (cannot be refiled) or without prejudice (can be refiled). Dismissal of a petition can occur during the advisory or adjudication stages. It is possible for a petition to be dismissed due to a lack of evidence during either of these hearings. Similarly, a juvenile could have more than one charge/count pending. In this situation, the juvenile's attorney could initiate a process with the County Attorney resulting in dismissal of one charge while receiving a disposition (i.e., penalty only, probation, JIPS, or commitment to ADJC) on another charge. Dismissals can also take place as an agreement in court to extend unfulfilled diversion conditions. Upon completion of the conditions, the dismissal stops any further prosecution. Cases can also be dismissed when transferred to another jurisdiction prior to adjudication or by the County Attorney filing a motion to dismiss due to a victims request, lack of cooperation or availability of witnesses, or unreasonable likelihood of adjudication. Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma 65 37 21 11 2,356 130 107 507 204 71 122 156 1.63% 0.93% 0.53% 0.28% 59.21% 3.27% 2.69% 12.74% 5.13% 1.78% 3.07% 3.92% TOTAL 3,979 100.00% Table 5.2. Juveniles with Dismissals by Sex, FY14 Male Female 2,866 1,113 72.03% TOTAL 3,979 100.00% 27.97% Table 5.3. Juveniles with Dismissals by Age, FY14 In juvenile cases, when a petition is not adjudicated prior to the juvenile’s eighteenth birthday, a dismissal is processed after the eighteenth birthday and a determination is made as to what further action, if any, is to be taken in the case. Only juveniles with a dismissed petition are included in this section. In FY14, roughly 32.6% of petitions filed had a disposition of dismissed, which equates to 12.5% of all referrals. 25 AGE 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Unknown COUNT 0 12 16 42 100 222 441 744 994 1,182 226 PERCENT 0.00% 0.30% 0.40% 1.06% 2.51% 5.58% 11.08% 18.70% 24.98% 29.71% 5.68% TOTAL 3,979 100.00% JUVENILES WITH PETITIONS DISMISSED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 5.4. Juveniles with Dismissals by Race, FY14 RACE COUNT PERCENT Hispanic 1,147 28.83% African American 469 11.79% White 1,994 50.11% Native American 252 6.33% Asian/Pacific Islander 28 0.70% Other 15 0.38% Unknown 74 1.86% TOTAL 3,979 100.00% Table 5.5. Juveniles with Dismissals by Education Status, FY14 STATUS COUNT PERCENT Enrolled 1,731 43.50% Not Enrolled 300 7.54% Expelled 24 0.60% Suspended 37 0.93% Withdrawn 51 1.28% Graduated 29 0.73% GED Program 10 0.25% Unknown 1,797 45.16% TOTAL 3,979 100.00% Table 5.7. Juveniles with Dismissals by Severity of Most Offense, FY14 OFFENSE COUNT Felonies Against Persons 200 Felonies Against Property 278 Obstruction of Justice, Felony & 583 Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Persons 423 Drugs, Felony & Misdemeanor 462 Public Peace, Felony & Misdemeanor 1,063 Misdemeanors Against Property 486 Status Offense 444 Administrative 40 Serious TOTAL 100.00% 3,979 PERCENT 5.03% 6.99% 14.65% 10.63% 11.61% 26.72% 12.21% 11.16% 1.01% Table 5.8. Juveniles with Dismissals by Offense Class, FY14 Table 5.6. Juveniles with Dismissals by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 PRIOR REFERRALS COUNT PERCENT 0 1,399 35.16% 1 653 16.41% 2 472 11.86% 3 327 8.22% 4 263 6.61% 5 6 7 8 or more TOTAL 186 141 108 430 4.67% 3.54% 2.71% 10.81% 3,979 100.00% OFFENSE CLASS Felony Misdemeanor Violations of Probation & Ordinances Status Other COUNT 1,051 1,979 451 444 54 PERCENT 26.41% 49.74% 11.33% 11.16% 1.36% TOTAL 3,979 100.00% 26 JUVENILES WITH PETITIONS DISMISSED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 5.9. Juveniles with Dismissals by County and Sex, FY14 MALE FEMALE COUNTY Apache COUNT 25 PERCENT 54.35% COUNT 21 PERCENT 45.65% Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai 34 73 44 25 17 10 1,693 88 76 371 159 48 91 70.83% 74.49% 67.69% 67.57% 80.95% 90.91% 71.86% 67.69% 71.03% 73.18% 77.94% 67.61% 74.59% 14 25 21 12 4 1 663 42 31 136 45 23 31 29.17% 25.51% 32.31% 32.43% 19.05% 9.09% 28.14% 32.31% 28.97% 26.82% 22.06% 32.39% 25.41% 112 71.79% 44 28.21% 2,866 72.03% 1,113 27.97% Yuma STATEWIDE TOTALS In Tables 5.9 through 5.11, county specific breakdowns by sex, age, and race are presented. Across all of the counties, the majority of juveniles with dismissals were males in their late teens. White was the most frequent racial category; however, Hispanic and Native American were the leading category in some counties. Table 5.10. Juveniles with Dismissals by County and Age, FY14 COUNTY 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 UNKNOWN Apache Cochise 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 4 3 1 2 1 1 0 2 3 2 2 1 0 2 4 3 2 4 7 4 10 11 5 2 7 9 12 13 9 6 18 14 38 14 6 4 6 14 26 17 8 3 3 0 3 1 4 0 46 48 98 65 37 21 Yuma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 4 2 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 13 0 0 8 2 1 2 4 1 42 7 0 19 6 0 8 7 0 113 6 12 41 9 4 12 10 3 246 20 8 59 17 15 13 21 1 451 22 23 94 37 6 21 33 2 596 24 33 124 44 13 23 41 3 773 43 21 129 53 24 30 32 1 116 4 10 26 36 8 9 5 11 2,356 130 107 507 204 71 122 156 TOTAL 0 12 16 42 100 222 441 744 994 1,182 226 3,979 Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai 27 TOTAL % OF TOTAL 1.16% 1.21% 2.46% 1.63% 0.93% 0.53% 0.28% 59.21% 3.27% 2.69% 12.74% 5.13% 1.78% 3.07% 3.92% 100.00% JUVENILES WITH PETITIONS DISMISSED IN THE ARIZONA JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 5.11. Juveniles with Dismissals by County and Race, FY14 COUNTY 3 AFRICAN AMERICAN 0 24 NATIVE AMERICAN 17 0 0 2 46 17 2 28 0 1 0 0 48 16 4 29 48 0 1 0 98 15 0 47 3 0 0 0 65 8 1 24 4 0 0 0 37 6 0 13 0 0 0 2 21 HISPANIC WHITE ASIAN/PI OTHER UNKNOWN TOTAL % OF TOTAL Yuma 32 0 84 5 1 0 0 122 114 7 28 6 1 0 0 156 1.16% 1.21% 2.46% 1.63% 0.93% 0.53% 0.28% 59.21% 3.27% 2.69% 12.74% 5.13% 1.78% 3.07% 3.92% TOTAL 1,147 469 1,994 252 28 15 74 3,979 100.00% Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai 3 1 4 0 0 3 0 11 763 373 1,063 79 16 9 53 2,356 14 6 101 7 1 0 1 130 18 1 60 25 0 1 2 107 0 42 408 36 7 0 14 507 70 31 79 22 1 1 0 204 68 1 2 0 0 0 0 71 Dismissals, Five Year Trend 9,000 8,000 7,716 7,023 7,000 6,000 6,383 5,000 6,688 5,713 4,948 5,802 5,386 4,000 4,595 3,000 3,979 2,000 1,000 0 FY10 FY11 FY12 Juveniles FY13 Dismissals 28 FY14 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 PENALTY ONLY Table 6.1. Juveniles Disposed to Penalty County, FY14 COUNTY COUNT Apache 0 Cochise 13 Coconino 8 Gila 3 Graham 11 Greenlee 0 La Paz 0 Maricopa 160 Mohave 2 Navajo 12 Pima 172 Statistics provided in this section are for individual youth (unduplicated). For youth who received a penalty only disposition more than once during the fiscal year, information from the first instance is reported. Adjudicated juveniles may receive a disposition of penalty only. Penalties may include, but are not limited to, fines, community restitution, and/or participation in various treatment programs. Juveniles with dispositions of penalty only are not assigned to a diversion program nor are they placed on Standard Probation, JIPS, or committed to ADJC. Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Over the past five years, the number of penalty only dispositions has fluctuated. FY14 had the greatest number of dispositions to penalty only, 440 juveniles. TOTAL Table 6.1 shows the distribution of youth across counties in Arizona. Pima County had the greatest number of penalty only dispositions. The majority of juveniles receiving a penalty only disposition were male, in their late teens, and White. Only by PERCENT 0.00% 2.95% 1.82% 0.68% 2.50% 0.00% 0.00% 36.36% 0.45% 2.73% 39.09% 20 5 2 32 4.55% 1.14% 0.45% 7.27% 440 100.00% Table 6.2. Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Sex, FY14 Male 327 74.32% Female 113 25.68% TOTAL 440 100.00% Table 6.3. Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Age, FY14 AGE COUNT PERCENT 29 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Unknown 0 0 0 1 4 11 20 45 77 248 34 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.23% 0.91% 2.50% 4.55% 10.23% 17.50% 56.36% 7.73% TOTAL 440 100.00% JUVENILES WITH PENALTY ONLY DISPOSITIONS IN ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 6.4. Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Race, FY14 RACE COUNT PERCENT Hispanic 83 18.86% African American 45 10.23% White 252 57.27% Native American 45 10.23% Asian/Pacific Islander 7 1.59% Other 1 0.23% Unknown 7 1.59% TOTAL 440 100.00% Table 6.5. Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Education Status, FY14 STATUS COUNT PERCENT Enrolled 104 23.64% Not Enrolled 12 2.73% Expelled 1 0.23% Suspended 0 0.00% Withdrawn Graduated GED Program Unknown 3 2 1 317 0.68% 0.45% 0.23% 75.05% TOTAL 440 100.00% Table 6.6. Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 PRIOR REFERRALS COUNT PERCENT 0 79 17.95% 1 55 12.50% 2 39 8.86% 3 31 7.05% 4 41 9.32% 5 34 7.73% 6 22 5.00% 7 22 5.00% 8 or more 117 26.59% TOTAL 440 Table 6.7. Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 OFFENSE COUNT PERCENT Felonies Against Persons 9 2.05% Felonies Against Property 22 5.00% Obstruction of Justice, Felony & 158 35.91% Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Persons 31 7.05% Drugs, Felony & Misdemeanor 58 13.18% Public Peace, Felony & Misdemeanor 107 24.32% Misdemeanors Against Property 51 11.59% Status Offense 2 0.45% Administrative 2 0.45% TOTAL 440 100.00% Table 6.8. Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by Offense Class, FY14 OFFENSE CLASS COUNT PERCENT Felony 97 22.05% Misdemeanor 205 46.59% Violations of Probation & Ordinances 134 30.45% Status 2 0.45% Other 2 0.45% TOTAL 440 100.00% 30 100.00% JUVENILES WITH PENALTY ONLY DISPOSITIONS IN ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 6.9. Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by County and Sex, FY14 MALE COUNTY Apache Cochise FEMALE COUNT 0 7 PERCENT 0.00% 53.85% COUNT 0 6 PERCENT 0.00% 46.15% Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai 5 3 9 0 0 114 2 8 134 14 2 1 62.50% 100.00% 81.82% 0.00% 0.00% 71.25% 100.00% 66.67% 77.91% 70.00% 40.00% 50.00% 3 0 2 0 0 46 0 4 38 6 3 1 37.50% 0.00% 18.18% 0.00% 0.00% 28.75% 0.00% 33.33% 22.09% 30.00% 60.00% 50.00% Yuma STATEWIDE TOTALS 28 87.50% 4 12.50% 327 74.32% 113 25.68% Tables 6.9 through 6.11 provide county breakdowns by sex, age, and race. Consistent across the counties, males in their late teens accounted for the majority of juveniles with a penalty only disposition. In every county but Yuma, White was the most common racial category. In Yuma, Hispanic was the leading category. Table 6.10. Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by County and Age, FY14 COUNTY 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 UNKNOWN TOTAL Apache Cochise Coconino Gila 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 5 0 3 4 1 1 0 0 9 0 2 1 0 3 0 0 23 0 6 2 1 4 0 0 113 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 13 8 3 11 0 0 160 % OF TOTAL 0.00% 2.95% 1.82% 0.68% 2.50% 0.00% 0.00% 36.36% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 8 3 0 0 1 0 2 22 2 0 0 1 0 2 36 2 3 0 5 2 6 78 11 2 1 22 0 0 22 0 0 1 1 2 12 172 20 5 2 32 0.45% 2.73% 39.09% 4.55% 1.14% 0.45% 7.27% 0 0 0 1 4 11 20 45 77 248 34 440 Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL 31 100.00% JUVENILES WITH PENALTY ONLY DISPOSITIONS IN ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 6.11. Juveniles Disposed to Penalty Only by County and Race, FY14 COUNTY HISPANIC Apache 0 4 1 0 AFRICAN AMERICAN 0 1 0 0 Yavapai Yuma 2 0 0 47 0 2 0 3 4 0 20 TOTAL 83 Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz 0 8 1 3 NATIVE AMERICAN 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 22 1 0 0 0 7 0 0 75 2 4 132 12 1 2 5 2 0 0 14 0 6 10 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 160 2 12 172 20 5 2 32 2.50% 0.00% 0.00% 36.36% 0.45% 2.73% 39.09% 4.55% 1.14% 0.45% 7.27% 45 252 45 7 1 7 440 100.00% WHITE ASIAN/PI OTHER UNKNOWN TOTAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 8 3 % OF TOTAL 0.00% 2.95% 1.82% 0.68% Penalty Only, Five Year Trend 600 510 500 410 400 373 368 344 344 440 400 300 242 200 231 100 0 FY10 FY11 FY12 Juveniles FY13 Dispositions 32 FY14 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 STANDARD PROBATION the ADJC. In FY14, 4,929 juveniles were given a disposition of standard probation. Statistics provided in this section are for individual youth (unduplicated). For youth who were placed on standard probation more than once during the fiscal year, information from the first instance is reported. Table 7.1. Standard Probation by County, FY14 After adjudication, a juvenile may be disposed to probation. Probation allows the juvenile to remain in the community contingent on compliance with certain conditions. The core tenets of juvenile probation are: protection of the community, the belief that youth can make positive changes in their behavior, fostering law-abiding behavior, restitution to victims and society for the wrongs committed against them, preservation of the best interest of the child, and stability of the family unit. Each juvenile on probation receives a treatment plan addressing their individual risks and needs. However, standard conditions apply to all probation cases, which include such things as obey the law and rules set forth by parents, guardians, and probation officer, notify Probation of any change of residence, pay restitution, fines and fees, attend school or work, submit to search and seizure of person or property by an officer, drug test, abide by set curfews, do not associate with anyone violating the law, do not own or using a firearm or deadly weapon, and perform community service hours as ordered. Special conditions can also be ordered such as Gang, Mental Health, or Sex Offender conditions. COUNTY Apache Cochise COUNT 43 79 PERCENT 0.87% 1.60% Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai 134 99 122 34 15 2,586 243 227 546 230 82 214 2.72% 2.01% 2.48% 0.69% 0.30% 52.47% 4.93% 4.61% 11.08% 4.67% 1.66% 4.34% Yuma 275 5.58% TOTAL 4,929 100.00% Table 7.2. Standard Probation by Sex, FY14 Male Female 3,798 1,131 77.07% 22.95% TOTAL 4,929 100.00% Table 7.3. Standard Probation by Age, FY14 Throughout a probation term, the probation and/or surveillance officer monitors the juvenile's compliance and case plan progress. The probation officer works closely with the juvenile, family members, and members of the community such as teachers, victims, treatment providers and others involved in the life of the juvenile. If the youth does not comply with conditions and/or continues violating the law, the probation officer may refer the juvenile back to court. The court may then impose more strict liberty restrictions, including detention, placement on JIPS, or commitment to 33 AGE 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Unknown COUNT 0 1 2 22 98 273 579 964 1,335 1,642 13 PERCENT 0.00% 0.02% 0.04% 0.45% 1.99% 5.54% 11.75% 19.56% 27.08% 33.31% 0.26% TOTAL 4,929 100.00% JUVENILES DISPOSED TO STANDARD PROBATION IN THE JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 7.4. Standard Probation by Race, FY14 Hispanic African American White Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Other Unknown COUNT 1,599 531 2,332 401 35 5 26 PERCENT 32.44% 10.77% 47.31% 8.14% 0.71% 0.10% 0.53% TOTAL 4,929 100.00% RACE Table 7.5. Standard Probation by Education Status, FY14 STATUS COUNT PERCENT Enrolled 2,142 43.46% Not Enrolled 496 10.06% Expelled 36 0.73% Suspended 42 0.85% Withdrawn 113 2.29% Graduated 43 0.87% GED Program Unknown 4 2,053 0.08% 41.65% TOTAL 4,929 100.00% Table 7.6. Standard Probation by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 PRIOR REFERRALS COUNT PERCENT 0 1,209 24.53% 1 863 17.51% 2 733 14.87% 3 4 5 6 7 8 or more TOTAL 578 394 330 232 156 434 11.73% 7.99% 6.70% 4.71% 3.16% 8.81% 4,929 100.00% Table 7.7. Standard Probation by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 OFFENSE COUNT PERCENT Felonies Against Persons 568 11.52% Felonies Against Property 826 16.76% Obstruction of Justice, Felony & 1,072 21.75% Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Persons 453 9.19% Drugs, Felony & Misdemeanor 907 18.40% Public Peace, Felony & Misdemeanor 555 11.26% Misdemeanors Against Property 443 8.99% Status Offense 23 0.47% Administrative 82 1.66% TOTAL 4,929 100.00% Table 7.8. Standard Probation by Offense Class, FY14 OFFENSE CLASS Felony Misdemeanor Violations of Probation & Ordinances Status Other COUNT 2,592 1,627 607 22 81 PERCENT 52.59% 33.01% 12.31% 0.45% 1.64% TOTAL 4,929 100.00% 34 JUVENILES DISPOSED TO STANDARD PROBATION IN THE JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 7.9. Standard Probation by County and Sex, FY14 MALE COUNT 34 54 88 71 83 26 12 2,071 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma STATEWIDE TOTALS FEMALE COUNT 9 25 46 28 39 8 3 515 PERCENT 79.07% 68.35% 65.67% 71.72% 68.03% 76.47% 80.00% 80.09% PERCENT 20.93% 31.65% 34.33% 28.28% 31.97% 23.53% 20.00% 19.91% 167 161 429 184 65 159 194 68.72% 70.93% 78.57% 80.00% 79.27% 74.30% 70.55% 76 66 117 46 17 55 81 31.28% 29.07% 21.43% 20.00% 20.73% 25.70% 29.45% 3,798 77.05% 1,131 22.95% Tables 7.9 through 7.11 provide county breakdowns by sex, age, and race. In all of the counties, the majority of juveniles disposed to standard probation were males in their late teens. The most frequent racial category varied from county by White, Hispanic, and Native American. Table 7.10. Standard Probation by County and Age, FY14 COUNTY 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 UNKNOWN TOTAL Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 6 2 4 1 12 4 8 8 5 17 16 9 18 25 23 10 21 46 24 15 14 40 22 0 0 0 0 Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 5 3 1 3 0 0 0 6 0 0 37 12 5 12 7 3 2 2 20 4 0 94 21 23 33 12 2 12 27 18 6 2 260 36 27 75 23 12 36 38 22 5 2 478 57 54 97 41 12 47 74 28 7 5 708 47 54 168 67 29 55 66 27 12 5 999 62 61 156 76 24 61 68 0 0 0 5 2 0 4 1 0 1 0 43 79 134 99 122 34 15 2,586 243 227 546 230 TOTAL 0 1 2 22 98 273 579 964 1,335 1,642 13 35 % OF TOTAL 0.87% 1.60% 2.72% 2.01% 2.48% 0.69% 0.30% 52.47% 4.93% 4.61% 11.08% 4.67% 82 214 275 1.66% 4.34% 5.58% 4,929 100.00% JUVENILES DISPOSED TO STANDARD PROBATION IN THE JUVENILE COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 7.11. Standard Probation by County and Race, FY14 COUNTY HISPANIC Apache 4 27 21 22 AFRICAN AMERICAN 0 9 6 0 Yavapai Yuma 19 10 4 1,016 40 31 0 90 77 49 189 TOTAL 1,599 Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz 28 43 48 66 NATIVE AMERICAN 8 0 59 8 1 0 2 403 7 4 48 31 0 4 16 74 21 8 1,003 180 111 450 86 5 154 55 27 1 0 125 14 80 39 21 0 6 13 0 0 0 24 0 0 5 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 11 2 1 4 0 0 0 1 531 2,332 401 35 5 26 WHITE ASIAN/PI OTHER UNKNOWN TOTAL 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 43 % OF TOTAL 0.87% 79 134 99 122 34 15 2,586 243 227 546 230 82 1.60% 2.72% 2.01% 2.48% 0.69% 0.30% 52.47% 4.93% 4.61% 11.08% 4.67% 1.66% 214 275 4.34% 5.58% 4,929 100.00% Standard Probation, Five Year Trend 14,000 12,742 12,000 10,917 9,594 10,000 8,000 8,276 9,351 6,829 7,793 6,000 6,695 4,000 5,837 4,929 2,000 0 FY10 FY11 FY12 Juveniles Dispositions 36 FY13 FY14 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 INTENSIVE PROBATION (JIPS) Statistics provided in this section are for individual youth (unduplicated). For youth were placed on Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision more than once during the fiscal year, information from the first instance is reported. Table 8.1. JIPS by County, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo For youth in need of a higher level of supervision and more structured programming, a judge can dispose them to Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision (JIPS). The JIPS program was enacted into law in 1987 with the intention of providing an alternative to commitment to the Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections (ADJC). JIPS is a less costly alternative to ADJC, yet provides a greater level of supervision than standard probation. Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma JIPS differs from standard probation in the increased frequency of face-to-face contacts between the juvenile and the JIPS officer, requirement to actively participate in 32 hours of structured activities per week, liberty restrictions concerning unsupervised time out of the home, and random drug testing. JIPS probation and surveillance officers also have lower caseload ratios than standard due to the increased contact requirements. TOTAL COUNT 5 49 64 29 13 8 1 405 62 45 PERCENT 0.46% 4.50% 5.88% 2.66% 1.19% 0.73% 0.09% 37.19% 5.69% 4.13% 83 83 20 78 144 7.62% 7.62% 1.84% 7.16% 13.22% 1,089 100.00% Table 8.2. JIPS by Sex, FY14 Male Female TOTAL In FY14, the number of juveniles placed on JIPS was 1,089. The rate of juveniles petitioned who end up disposed to JIPS has remained stable at around 12% of the juveniles petitioned. 936 153 85.95% 14.05% 1,089 100.00% Table 8.3. JIPS by Age, FY14 37 AGE 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Unknown COUNT 0 0 0 4 4 35 103 204 317 416 6 PERCENT 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.37% 0.37% 3.21% 9.46% 18.73% 29.11% 38.20% 0.55% TOTAL 1,089 100.00% JUVENILES DISPOSED TO JIPS IN THE ARIZONA COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 6.4. JIPS by Race, FY14 Hispanic African American White Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Other Unknown COUNT 462 111 428 81 0 2 5 PERCENT 42.42% 10.19% 39.30% 7.44% 0.00% 0.18% 0.46% TOTAL 1,089 100.00% RACE Table 8.5. JIPS by Education Status, FY14 STATUS Enrolled Not Enrolled Expelled Suspended Withdrawn Graduated GED Program Unknown TOTAL COUNT 535 PERCENT 49.13% 138 12 22 28 15 7 332 12.67% 1.10% 2.02% 2.57% 1.38% 0.64% 30.49% 1,089 100.00% Table 6.7. JIPS by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 OFFENSE Felonies Against Persons Felonies Against Property Obstruction of Justice, Felony & Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Persons Drugs, Felony & Misdemeanor Public Peace, Felony & Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Property Status Offense Administrative COUNT 135 187 562 PERCENT 12.40% 17.17% 51.61% 33 88 42 28 2 12 3.03% 8.08% 3.86% 2.57% 0.18% 1.10% TOTAL 1,089 100.00% OFFENSE CLASS Felony Misdemeanor Violations of Probation & Ordinances Status Other COUNT 508 183 384 2 12 PERCENT 46.65% 16.80% 35.26% 0.18% 1.10% TOTAL 1,089 100.00% Table 8.8. JIPS by Offense Class, FY14 Table 8.6. JIPS by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 PRIOR REFERRALS COUNT PERCENT 0 69 6.34% 1 53 4.87% 2 72 6.61% 3 75 6.89% 4 98 9.00% 5 98 9.00% 6 7 8 or more TOTAL 110 89 425 10.10% 8.17% 39.03% 1,089 100.00% 38 JUVENILES DISPOSED TO JIPS IN THE ARIZONA COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 8.9. JIPS by County and Sex, FY14 MALE COUNT 4 38 53 22 8 5 1 372 53 39 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo PERCENT 80.00% 77.55% 82.81% 75.86% 61.54% 62.50% 100.00% 91.85% 85.48% 86.67% FEMALE COUNT 1 11 11 7 5 3 0 33 9 6 PERCENT 20.00% 22.45% 17.19% 24.14% 38.46% 37.50% 0.00% 8.15% 14.52% 13.33% Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma 75 74 15 67 110 90.36% 89.16% 75.00% 85.90% 76.39% 8 9 5 11 34 9.64% 10.84% 25.00% 14.10% 23.61% STATEWIDE 936 85.95% 153 14.05% TOTAL In Tables 8.9 through 8.11 demographic variables by each county are presented. Overall, juveniles on JIPS tend to be males in their late teens. The most frequent racial category ranged from White, Hispanic, and Native American. Table 8.10. JIPS by County and Age, FY14 COUNTY 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 UNKNOWN TOTAL Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 4 3 8 3 0 4 10 5 2 0 0 35 2 6 9 10 2 11 5 6 5 1 1 64 13 9 23 21 0 16 23 6 2 3 0 130 20 16 21 20 3 17 24 12 4 3 0 168 21 10 20 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 5 49 64 29 13 8 1 405 62 45 83 83 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 3 1 9 10 3 16 24 5 21 34 11 27 70 0 0 2 20 78 144 0 0 0 4 4 35 103 204 317 416 6 Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL 39 % OF TOTAL 0.46% 4.50% 5.88% 2.66% 1.19% 0.73% 0.09% 37.19% 5.69% 4.13% 7.62% 7.62% 1.84% 7.16% 13.22% 1,089 100.00% JUVENILES DISPOSED TO JIPS IN THE ARIZONA COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 8.11. JIPS by County and Race, FY14 Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave 2 22 11 7 1 1 1 216 9 AFRICAN AMERICAN 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 81 2 Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma 8 0 35 20 20 109 TOTAL 462 COUNTY HISPANIC 3 25 19 21 11 5 0 86 49 NATIVE AMERICAN 0 0 31 1 1 1 0 18 2 0 9 7 0 3 4 23 70 38 0 52 26 14 4 2 0 3 4 111 428 81 WHITE OTHER UNKNOWN TOTAL 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 49 64 29 13 8 1 405 62 45 83 83 20 0 0 0 0 0 1 78 144 4.13% 7.62% 7.62% 1.84% 7.16% 13.22% 0 2 5 1,089 100.00% JIPS, Five Year Trend 3,500 3,000 2,912 2,724 2,550 2,500 2,000 1,568 1,500 1,449 1,282 2,329 1,191 2,091 1,089 1,000 500 0 FY10 FY11 % OF TOTAL 0.46% 4.50% 5.88% 2.66% 1.19% 0.73% 0.09% 37.19% 5.69% ASIAN/PI FY12 Juveniles FY13 Dispositions 40 FY14 FY 2014 Additional Topics JUVENILE CORRECTIONS (ADJC) ADJC & AOC COMPARISON PATHWAYS TO ADULT COURT Direct Filings in Adult Court Transferred to Adult Court JUVENILE FEMALES ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 JUVENILE CORRECTIONS (ADJC) This year, commitments decreased by 1.7% from the previous fiscal year. Roughly, 49.04% of the juveniles were committed for obstruction of justice offenses such as probation and parole violations; however, the most severe offense is generally not the only consideration in the commitment (i.e., prior offense history, prior placement, risk to the community and need for a more secure placement). In addition, 54.78% of the juveniles committed to the ADJC had eight or more prior referrals suggesting that the majority are chronic offenders. Statistics provided in this section are for individual youth (unduplicated). For youth who were committed or awarded to the Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections more than once during the fiscal year, information from the first instance is reported. Disposition of a juvenile to the ADJC is governed by statute and the Arizona Code of Judicial Administration. Arizona Revised Statutes §8-342 (A) provides “A child under the age of eight years shall not be committed to the department of juvenile corrections nor shall a dependent or incorrigible child be awarded to the department of juvenile corrections.” Arizona Revised Statutes §8246(C), as amended, mandates: 1) the use of risk and needs assessment to determine appropriate disposition of juveniles; 2) development of commitment guidelines for use by juvenile court judges for dispositions of juveniles to the ADJC; and 3) development of length of stay guidelines consistent with treatment and public safety concerns. Table 9.1. Juvenile Corrections by County, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham The primary purpose of the commitment guidelines is to define factors the court must consider, in addition to other relevant facts, when committing youth to the care and custody of the ADJC. The legislative intent was to reserve commitment to juveniles whom the court believes are in need of placement in a secure care facility for the protection of the public and whom are unsuitable for JIPS. The commitment guidelines revised and adopted in July, 2001 and documented in the Arizona Code of Judicial Administration Part 6, Chapter 3, Section 6304 can be found in the Notes section.4 COUNT 1 36 20 10 8 PERCENT 0.21% 7.64% 4.25% 2.12% 1.70% Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma 2 2 241 27 5 32 32 11 17 27 0.42% 0.42% 51.17% 5.73% 1.06% 6.79% 6.79% 2.34% 3.61% 5.73% TOTAL 471 100.00% Table 9.2. Juvenile Corrections by Sex, FY14 Table 9.1 includes all juveniles who were disposed to the Juvenile Department of Corrections during FY14, which totals 471 juveniles. Commitments have been declining since a historical high of 1,670 in FY98. 41 Male Female 419 52 88.96% 11.04% TOTAL 471 100.00% JUVENILES DISPOSED TO ADJC IN THE ARIZONA COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 9.3. Juvenile Corrections by Age, FY14 AGE 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Unknown TOTAL COUNT 0 0 0 0 0 3 29 79 137 223 0 PERCENT 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.64% 6.16% 16.77% 29.09% 47.35% 0.00% 471 100.00% Table 9.4. Juvenile Corrections by Race, FY14 COUNT 206 PERCENT 43.74% African American White Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Other Unknown 57 172 31 1 1 3 12.10% 36.52% 6.58% 0.21% 0.21% 0.64% TOTAL 471 100.00% RACE Hispanic Table 9.6. Juvenile Corrections by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 PRIOR REFERRALS COUNT PERCENT 0 35 7.43% 1 15 3.18% 2 24 5.10% 3 17 3.61% 4 29 6.16% 5 30 6.37% 6 26 5.52% 7 37 7.86% 8 or more 258 54.78% TOTAL 471 Table 9.7. Juvenile Corrections by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 OFFENSE COUNT PERCENT Felonies Against Persons 65 13.80% Felonies Against Property 73 15.50% Obstruction of Justice, Felony & 231 49.04% Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Persons 11 2.34% Drugs, Felony & Misdemeanor Public Peace, Felony & Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Property Status Offense Administrative TOTAL Table 9.5. Juvenile Corrections by Education Status, FY14 STATUS COUNT PERCENT Enrolled 148 31.42% Not Enrolled 53 11.25% Expelled 7 1.49% Suspended 7 1.49% Withdrawn 4 0.85% Graduated 8 1.70% GED Program 7 1.49% Unknown 237 50.32% TOTAL 471 100.00% 43 26 14 0 8 9.13% 5.52% 2.97% 0.00% 1.70% 471 100.00% Table 9.8. Juvenile Corrections by Offense Class, FY14 OFFENSE CLASS Felony Misdemeanor Violations of Probation & Ordinances Status Other TOTAL 100.00% 42 COUNT 214 66 191 0 0 PERCENT 45.44% 14.01% 40.55% 0.00% 0.00% 471 100.00% JUVENILES DISPOSED TO ADJC IN THE ARIZONA COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 9.9. Juvenile Corrections by County and Sex, FY14 MALE COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila FEMALE COUNT 1 30 17 8 PERCENT 100.00% 83.33% 85.00% 80.00% COUNT 0 6 3 2 PERCENT 0.00% 16.67% 15.00% 20.00% 7 1 2 216 24 4 31 31 10 13 24 87.50% 50.00% 100.00% 89.63% 88.89% 80.00% 96.88% 96.88% 90.91% 76.47% 88.89% 1 1 0 25 3 1 1 1 1 4 3 12.50% 50.00% 0.00% 10.37% 11.11% 20.00% 3.13% 3.13% 9.09% 23.53% 11.11% 419 88.96% 52 11.04% Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma STATEWIDE TOTALS In Tables 9.9 through 9.11, county breakdowns by sex, age, and race are presented. For each county, the majority of juveniles disposed to the Juvenile Department of Corrections were males in their late teens. The most common racial category shifted by county from White, Hispanic, and Native American. Table 9.10. Juvenile Corrections by County and Age, FY14 COUNTY 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 UNKNOWN TOTAL Apache Cochise Coconino Gila 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 16 0 5 5 1 2 1 0 40 0 11 4 3 4 0 0 67 1 18 10 6 2 1 2 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 36 20 10 % OF TOTAL 0.21% 7.64% 4.25% 2.12% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 2 2 1 0 5 2 5 6 1 2 4 8 2 8 12 3 5 10 13 1 15 12 5 9 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 2 2 241 27 5 32 32 11 17 27 1.70% 0.42% 0.42% 51.17% 5.73% 1.06% 6.79% 6.79% 2.34% 3.61% 5.73% 0 0 0 0 0 3 29 79 137 223 0 471 100.00% Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL 43 JUVENILES DISPOSED TO ADJC IN THE ARIZONA COURT SYSTEM FY14 Table 9.11. Juvenile Corrections by County and Race, FY14 COUNTY HISPANIC Apache 0 18 4 4 AFRICAN AMERICAN 0 2 1 0 Yavapai Yuma 4 0 0 121 5 1 0 14 11 4 20 TOTAL 206 Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz 1 16 5 6 NATIVE AMERICAN 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 46 0 0 2 6 0 0 0 3 1 2 60 21 3 28 10 0 12 4 1 0 0 12 1 1 1 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 57 172 31 1 1 3 WHITE ASIAN/PI OTHER UNKNOWN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 % OF TOTAL 0.21% 36 20 10 8 2 2 241 27 5 32 32 11 7.64% 4.25% 2.12% 1.70% 0.42% 0.42% 51.17% 5.73% 1.06% 6.79% 6.79% 2.34% 17 27 3.61% 5.73% 471 100.00% TOTAL Arizona Dept. of Juvenile Corrections, Five Year Trend 1200 1,070 1000 800 751 1,004 807 706 584 600 671 648 479 471 FY13 FY14 400 200 0 FY10 FY11 FY12 Juveniles Commitments 44 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 ADJC & AOC COMPARISON Original Commitments on a Statewide Basis The previous section on ADJC commitments used the traditional reporting method, juvenile dispositions to the Juvenile Department of Corrections during the fiscal year. This method, however, over counts the actual number of juveniles being committed as it does not differentiate between original and subsequent commitments and also fails to take into account juveniles who never arrive to ADJC for processing. Tables in this section provide that information. Table 10.1 shows juveniles who were committed for the first time during the fiscal year (original commitment) and arrived at an ADJC facility. Subsequent commitment includes juveniles who received a commitment decision in FY14, but were already committed from a different county or previous fiscal year. The last category, “Never Arrived at ADJC”, includes juveniles who received an original decision of commitment but were never processed into ADJC. In this scenario, a youth may have turned 18 while in detention and were therefore never transported to an ADJC facility or have been processed in an adult court at the time of commitment and were placed in adult confinement (jail or correctional facility). In FY14, there were 356 original commitments. The majority of original commitments were from Maricopa County. In addition, there were 108 juveniles with subsequent commitments and 7 juveniles who never arrived to ADJC. Table 10.1. Commitments, FY14 Original Subsequent Commitment Commitment Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL ADJC has the ability to count “recommitments”, a juvenile who is committed, discharged from ADJC and then receives another commitment. Those juveniles, few in number, are not reflected in these charts. 45 0 29 16 10 7 1 1 177 21 5 25 20 1 7 4 0 1 1 1 60 6 0 5 12 Never Arrived at ADJC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 Total 9 11 24 1 6 3 1 0 0 11 17 27 356 108 7 471 1 36 20 10 8 2 2 241 27 5 32 32 ADJC & AOC COMPARISON FY14 Table 10.2. Commitments Prior Fiscal Year, FY13 Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL Original Commitment Subsequent Commitment 3 29 16 1 3 2 0 226 27 2 23 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 56 2 0 1 Never Arrived at ADJC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 0 0 Total 27 3 17 14 2 0 2 6 0 0 0 0 29 3 19 20 393 74 12 479 3 32 18 1 3 2 0 293 30 2 24 It is with gratitude to ADJC for providing commitment data used for this section. 46 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 PATHWAYS TO ADULT COURT The Arizona Revised Statutes provide the requirements and procedures for prosecuting juveniles in criminal court as adults. Juveniles enter the adult system by either a direct file or transfer. Both require certain criteria to be met in order for the filing or transfer to take place. The provisions, presented here as pathways, are summarized below. mandatory direct file. More detail on Direct Filed and Transferred juveniles are provided in the sections that follow. Table 11.1. Pathways to Adult Court, FY14 PATHWAY Mandatory Mandatory Prior Chronic Discretionary Transfer There are five different pathways a juvenile can take to adult court, which are as follows: Mandatory Direct File for a Violent Offense– A juvenile aged fifteen, sixteen, or seventeen who commits a violent crime specified in A.R.S. §13501A must be filed in adult court. TOTAL * Mandatory Direct File due to Prior Conviction – A juvenile with a historical prior felony conviction must be prosecuted as an adult per A.R.S. §13501C. COUNT 134 16 21 71 14 % OF TOTAL 52.34% 6.25% 8.20% 27.73% 5.47% 256 100.00% Table 11.2. Pathways to Adult Court by County, FY14 COUNTY COUNT % OF TOTAL Apache 0 0.00% Cochise 4 1.56% Coconino 1 0.39% Gila 0 0.00% Graham 1 0.39% Greenlee 0 0.00% La Paz 0 0.00% Maricopa 160 62.50% Mohave 0 0.00% Navajo 0 0.00% Pima 62 24.12% Pinal 18 7.03% Mandatory Direct File for Chronic Offenders – A juvenile aged fifteen, sixteen, or seventeen who have two prior felony adjudications in juvenile court and must go to adult court for a subsequent felony per A.R.S. §13-501A. Discretionary Filing – The County Attorney may file in adult court, any juvenile who is fourteen years old and a chronic offender or fourteen or older and has committed one of a list of specified offenses in A.R.S. §13-501B. Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma Transfer – Juveniles who do not meet the above criteria may still be transferred by the juvenile court depending on a number of factors such as the type and severity of the offense and the juvenile’s record and previous history. The County Attorney may request an order of the juvenile court transferring jurisdiction to the criminal division of the superior court for prosecution of any juvenile charged with a felony. TOTAL * 3 2 5 1.17% 0.78% 1.95% 256 100.00% * The number of juveniles in these tables may be a duplicate count due to the possibility of multiple cases taking different pathways to adult court in the fiscal year. As shown in Table 11.1, the majority of juveniles end up in adult court through a 47 PATHWAYS TO ADULT COURT FY14 Direct Filings in Adult Court A legislative change creating the direct file process became effective in 1997. The result has been a reduction in the transfer decision. Statistics provided in this section are for individual youth (unduplicated). For youth who were direct filed in adult court more than once during the fiscal year, information from their first filings is reported. In FY99, direct filings reached a high of 804. Since then, the number of direct filings has decreased. In FY14, 227 juveniles were involved in the direct file process, which is a slight decrease from FY13 (272). Arizona Revised Statutes §13-501 mandates that the “County Attorney shall bring criminal prosecution against a juvenile in the same manner as an adult if the juvenile is fifteen, sixteen, or seventeen years of age and is accused of any of the following offenses”: Table 11.3. Direct Filings by County, FY14 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. First degree murder; Second degree murder; Forcible sexual assault; Armed robbery; Any other violent offenses, defined as aggravated assault A.R.S. §13-1204 A.1., aggravated assault with a deadly weapon A.R.S. §13-1204 A.2., drive by shooting, and discharging a firearm at a structure; 6. A felony offense committed by a chronic offender, defined as a juvenile who has two prior and separate adjudications; 7. Any offense that is properly joined to the above offenses. COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma These offense categories are used to define pathways to adult court referred to as mandatory (1 through 5 and 7) and chronic (6). TOTAL In addition, the County Attorney has the discretion to bring criminal prosecution against fourteen year old juveniles accused of the offenses enumerated above. Criminal prosecution may also be brought against juveniles fourteen or older who have been accused of a class 1 or class 2 felony or a select class 3, 4, 5, and 6 felony, which are referred to as discretionary filings. In addition, criminal prosecution shall be brought against any juvenile with a prior conviction in adult court. These are referred to as mandatory prior conviction filings. COUNT 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 151 0 PERCENT 0.00% 1.76% 0.44% 0.00% 0.44% 0.00% 0.00% 66.52% 0.00% 0 44 18 3 0 5 0.00% 19.38% 7.93% 1.32% 0.00% 2.20% 227 100.00% Table 11.4. Direct Filings by Sex, FY14 48 Male Female 216 11 95.15% 4.85% TOTAL 227 100.00% JUVENILES WITH DIRECT FILES FY14 Table 11.5. Direct Filings by Age, FY14 AGE 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Unknown TOTAL COUNT 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 33 55 132 5 PERCENT 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.88% 14.54% 24.23% 58.15% 2.20% 227 100.00% Table 11.6. Direct Filings by Race, FY14 RACE Hispanic African American White Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Other Unknown TOTAL COUNT 132 33 51 8 0 1 2 PERCENT 58.15% 14.54% 22.47% 3.52% 0.00% 0.44% 0.88% 227 100.00% Table 11.7. Direct Filings by Education FY14 STATUS COUNT Enrolled 53 Not Enrolled 36 Expelled 0 Status, Suspended Withdrawn Graduated GED Program Unknown 0 6 0 1 131 0.00% 2.64% 0.00% 0.44% 57.71% TOTAL 227 100.00% PERCENT 23.35% 15.86% 0.00% Table 11.8. Direct Filings by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 PRIOR REFERRALS COUNT PERCENT 0 46 20.26% 1 35 15.42% 2 15 6.61% 3 18 7.93% 4 7 3.08% 5 15 6.61% 6 11 4.85% 7 13 5.73% 8 or more 67 29.52% TOTAL 227 100.00% Table 11.9. Direct Filings by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 OFFENSE COUNT PERCENT Felonies Against Persons Felonies Against Property Obstruction of Justice, Felony & Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Persons Drugs, Felony & Misdemeanor Public Peace, Felony & Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Property Status Offense Administrative 153 41 1 67.40% 18.06% 0.00% 0 22 10 0 0 0 0.00% 9.69% 4.41% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% TOTAL 227 100.00% Table 11.10. Direct Filings by Offense Class, FY14 OFFENSE CLASS Felony Misdemeanor TOTAL 49 COUNT 227 0 PERCENT 100.00% 0.00% 227 100.00% JUVENILES WITH DIRECT FILES FY14 Table 11.11. Direct Filings by County and Sex, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa MALE COUNT 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 144 PERCENT 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 95.36% FEMALE COUNT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 PERCENT 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.64% 0 0 41 17 3 0 5 0.00% 0.00% 93.18% 94.44% 100.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0.00% 0.00% 6.82% 5.56% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 216 95.15% 11 4.85% Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma STATEWIDE TOTALS In Tables 11.11 through 11.13, county breakdowns of sex, age, and race are presented. Overall, the vast majority of juveniles with direct filings are males over fifteen years of age. Hispanic was the most common racial (ethnic) category for all of the counties. Table 11.12. Direct Filings by County and Age, FY14 COUNTY 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 UNKNOWN TOTAL Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 12 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 9 4 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 92 0 0 20 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 151 0 0 44 18 % OF TOTAL 0.00% 1.76% 0.44% 0.00% 0.44% 0.00% 0.00% 66.52% 0.00% 0.00% 19.38% 7.93% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 3 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 5 1.32% 0.00% 2.20% 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 33 55 132 5 227 100.00% Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL 50 JUVENILES WITH DIRECT FILES FY14 Table 11.13. Direct Filings by County and Race, FY14 COUNTY HISPANIC Apache 0 2 1 0 AFRICAN AMERICAN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 0 0 27 10 3 0 4 132 Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL 0 2 0 0 NATIVE AMERICAN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 29 0 0 13 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 151 0 0 44 18 3 0 5 0.44% 0.00% 0.00% 66.52% 0.00% 0.00% 19.38% 7.93% 1.32% 0.00% 2.20% 33 51 8 0 1 2 227 100.00% WHITE ASIAN/PI OTHER UNKNOWN TOTAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 % OF TOTAL 0.00% 1.76% 0.44% 0.00% 51 PATHWAYS TO ADULT COURT FY14 Transferred to Adult Court Prior to 1997 and the passage of Proposition 102, juveniles could only be transferred to adult court through the judicial transfer process. Senate Bill (SB) 1446 initiated a shift from judicial transfers being the primary avenue to adult court to direct filing by the County Attorney. SB 1446 also made significant change to A.R.S. §8-327, which details the process for transferring juveniles to adult court, and went into effect July 1, 1998. Since the direct filing process began, the judicial transfer process has been utilized less frequently. During the current fiscal year, the direct filing process accounted for over 9 out of every 10 juveniles prosecuted in adult court. An order to transfer a juvenile is based on a finding by a preponderance of evidence that probable cause exists that the offense was committed by the juvenile and a transfer would best serve public safety. The determination of whether public safety would be served is based on the following factors outlined in A.R.S. §8-327 D: COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Table 11.14. Transferred by County, FY14 Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma 1. 2. The seriousness of the offense involved. The record and previous history of the juvenile, including previous contacts with the courts and law enforcement, previous periods of any court ordered probation and the results of that probation. 3. Any previous commitments of the juvenile to juvenile residential placements and secure institutions. 4. If the juvenile was previously committed to the Department of Juvenile Corrections for a felony offense. 5. If the juvenile committed another felony offense while the juvenile was a ward of the Department of Juvenile Corrections. 6. If the juvenile committed the alleged offense while participating in, assisting, promoting or furthering the interests of a criminal street gang, a criminal syndicate or a racketeering enterprise. 7. The views of the victim of the offense. 8. If the degree of the juvenile’s participation in the offense was relatively minor but not so minor as to constitute a defense to prosecution. 9. The juvenile’s mental and emotional condition. 10. The likelihood of the juvenile’s reasonable rehabilitation through the use of services and facilities that are currently available to the juvenile court. TOTAL COUNT 0 0 0 0 0 PERCENT 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0 9 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0.00% 0.00% 69.24% 0.00% 0.00% 15.38% 0.00% 0.00% 15.38% 0.00% 14 100.00% Table 11.15. Transferred by Sex, FY14 52 Male Female 11 3 78.57% 21.43% TOTAL 14 100.00% JUVENILES TRANSFERRED FY14 Table 11.16. Transferred to Adult Court by Age, FY14 AGE COUNT PERCENT 8 0 0.00% 9 0 0.00% 10 0 0.00% 11 0 0.00% 12 0 0.00% 13 0 0.00% 14 0 0.00% 15 0 0.00% 16 3 21.43% 17 10 71.43% Unknown 1 7.14% TOTAL 14 100.00% Table 11.17. Transferred to Adult Court by Race, FY14 RACE COUNT PERCENT Hispanic African American White Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Other Unknown TOTAL 7 4 3 0 0 0 0 50.00% 28.57% 21.43% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 14 100.00% Table 11.19. Transferred to Adult Court by Number of Prior Referrals, FY14 PRIOR REFERRAL COUNT PERCENT 0 1 7.14% 1 1 7.14% 2 4 28.57% 3 1 7.14% 4 0 0.00% 5 1 7.14% 6 0 0.00% 7 1 7.14% 8 or more 5 35.71% TOTAL 14 Table 11.20. Transferred to Adult Court by Severity of Most Serious Offense, FY14 OFFENSE COUNT PERCENT Felonies Against Persons 7 50.00% Felonies Against Property 1 7.14% Obstruction of Justice, Felony & 0 0.00% Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Persons 0 0.00% Drugs, Felony & Misdemeanor Public Peace, Felony & Misdemeanor Misdemeanors Against Property Status Offense Administrative TOTAL Table 11.18. Transferred to Adult Court by Education Status, FY14 STATUS COUNT PERCENT Enrolled 4 28.57% Not Enrolled 3 21.43% Expelled 0 0.00% Suspended 0 0.00% Withdrawn 0 0.00% Graduated 0 0.00% GED Program 0 0.00% Unknown TOTAL 7 50.00% 14 100.00% 100.00% 4 1 1 0 0 28.57% 7.14% 7.14% 0.00% 0.00% 14 100.00% Table 11.21. Transferred to Adult Court by Offense Class, FY14 OFFENSE CLASS Felony Misdemeanor Violations of Probation & Ordinances Status Other TOTAL 53 COUNT 13 1 0 0 0 PERCENT 92.86% 7.14% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 14 100.00% JUVENILES TRANSFERRED FY14 Table 11.22. Transferred to Adult Court by County and Sex, FY14 COUNTY Apache Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal MALE Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma STATEWIDE TOTALS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 2 0 % OF TOTAL 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 88.89% 0.00% 0.00% 66.67% 0.00% 0 1 0 11 FEMALE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 % OF TOTAL 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 11.11% 0.00% 0.00% 33.33% 0.00% 0.00% 50.00% 0.00% 0 1 0 0.00% 50.00% 0.00% 78.57% 3 21.43% Tables 11.22 through 11.24 provide statistics on sex, age, and race by county. Overall, most transferred juveniles are males in their late teens. Hispanic and African American were the most common racial groups. Table 11.23. Transferred to Adult Court by County and Age, FY14 COUNTY 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 UNKNOWN TOTAL Apache Cochise Coconino Gila 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 % OF TOTAL 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 64.29% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0.00% 0.00% 21.43% 0.00% 0.00% 14.28% 0.00% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 1 14 100.00% Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Yavapai Yuma TOTAL 54 JUVENILES TRANSFERRED FY14 Table 11.24. Transferred to Adult Court by County and Race, FY14 COUNTY HISPANIC Apache 0 0 0 0 AFRICAN AMERICAN 0 0 0 0 Yavapai Yuma 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 TOTAL 7 Cochise Coconino Gila Graham Greenlee La Paz Maricopa Mohave Navajo Pima Pinal Santa Cruz 0 0 0 0 NATIVE AMERICAN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 69.24% 0.00% 0.00% 15.38% 0.00% 0.00% 15.38% 0.00% 4 3 0 0 0 0 14 100.00% WHITE ASIAN/PI OTHER UNKNOWN TOTAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 % OF TOTAL 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Juveniles Transferred to Adult Court, Five Year Trend 40 35 34 30 24 25 18 20 15 15 14 10 5 0 FY10 FY11 FY12 55 FY13 FY14 This page was intentionally left blank. ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 JUVENILE FEMALES Average Age In January, 2005, the Child Welfare League hosted a conference National Girls Initiative: Florence Crittenden Roundtable 2005. This section was prompted by that conference and other work being done in Arizona. This section offers simple comparisons between males and females in Arizona’s juvenile justice system. Information is provided on referrals, age at first referral, offense severity, and proportions of males and females at each stage in the juvenile justice system, and treatment received in FY14. This section was first published in Juveniles Processed FY04 and has been replicated annually since then. For the juveniles referred in FY14, the average age of referral for the initial referral was slightly higher for females (14.30) than males (13.92). Table 12.2. Average Age at First Referral, FY14 Referral Detention Diversion Petitioned Dismissals Penalty Only Standard Probation JIPS ADJC Direct Filed 32.43% 21.51% 36.46% 23.45% 27.97% 25.68% 22.95% 14.05% 11.04% 18.18% 67.56% 78.49% 63.54% 76.55% 72.03% 74.32% 77.05% 85.95% 88.96% 81.82% 14.11 Misdemeanors make up the largest proportion of offenses for both males and females. Since FY07, the proportion of juveniles committing felonies and misdemeanors for both males and females has remained relatively stable. Table 12.1. Gender by Court Stage, FY14 MALE TOTAL Females and males differ in the distribution of their referral offenses. Three offense categories make up more than two-thirds of female referrals: public peace (25.1%); misdemeanors against property (19.8%); and status (16.9%). On the other hand, apart from public peace offenses (22.6%) and drugs (17.2%), males’ referral offenses are more equally distributed across severity categories. Traditionally, males are believed to commit more offenses and more serious offenses than females. Analysis of Arizona juvenile data provides support for these notions. FEMALE 13.92 14.30 Offense Severity and Type Over the last two decades, increasing attention has been paid to girls in the juvenile justice system. There was concern, according to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (2002), females’ arrests were increasing in most categories faster than males’ arrests. In Arizona, however, the proportions of males and females arrested have been constant. STAGE Male Female Table 12.3. Gender by Severity of the Most Serious Referral Offense, FY14 OFFENSE FEMALE MALE Felonies Against Person 2.9% 7.1% Felonies Against Property 3.0% 9.3% Obstruction of Justice* 7.8% 11.1% Misdemeanors Against 13.0% 10.4% Person Drugs* 10.5% 17.2% Public Peace* 25.1% 22.6% Misdemeanors Against 19.8% 12.8% Property Status Offenses 16.9% 8.3% Administrative 1.0% 1.1% TOTAL 57 100.00% 100.00% JUVENILE FEMALES FY14 Table 12.5. Juveniles Who Received Court Treatment, FY14 REFERRED RED’ D COURT FUNDED TX Male 18,237 8,009 Female 8,754 2,654 Table 12.4. Gender by Offense Class FEMALE MALE FELONY 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 MISDEMEANOR 14.8% 16.9% 16.7% 17.2% 18.5% 35.8% 37.8% 37.9% 38.0% 38.2% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 62.6% 61.9% 62.5% 59.6% 58.6% 47.9% 46.9% 47.8% 46.8% 46.6% TOTAL 10,663 PERCENT 43.92% 30.32% 39.51% Table 12.6. Treatment Expenditures by Category Percentage of Total Dollars Spent, FY14 FEMALE MALE Ancillary Services 28.76% 34.79% Behavioral 0.10% 0.27% Support Services Competency 0.43% 1.01% Restoration Delinquency 30.20% 19.85% Prevention Drug Court 0.69% 1.89% Education 0.24% 0.24% Evaluation and 16.68% 20.31% Diagnosis Foster Home 0.02% 0.02% Functional Family 1.05% 0.93% Therapy Out-of-Home 6.71% 5.17% Outpatient 9.94% 8.09% Court Funded Treatment Received Of the 8,754 females referred in FY14, 30.32% received court funded treatment services in the major treatment categories listed in table 12.6 compared to 43.92% of males. Juveniles may be ordered to receive treatment funded from other sources (Title XIX, self-pay, tribal funds, etc.). Only court funded treatment is reflected here. R.A.F.T. Sex Offender Substance Abuse On average, $1,124.11 was spent on court funded treatment for females and $1,008.43 for males. This funding was provided through the Juveniles Probation Services Fund (JPSF). The largest allocation of treatment monies for males (34.79%) was for ancillary services while the largest allocation for females (30.20%) was delinquency prevention. The second largest amount of money spent on males was for evaluation and diagnosis (20.31%) and for females it was ancillary services (28.76%). 26,991 Funded 0.08% 0.18% 4.94% 0.05% 1.55% 5.84% 100.00% 100.00% $2,983,399.44 $8,076,518.53 TOTAL Juveniles Referred by Sex 30,000 27,004 25,000 20,000 15,000 14,036 24,269 12,368 22,189 19,809 11,428 10,000 18,237 9,701 8,754 2013 2014 5,000 0 2010 2011 Female 58 2012 Male FY 2014 Notes & Glossary ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 NOTES 1. The number of juveniles in each stage is an unduplicated count, meaning each juvenile is only counted once. A juvenile could be counted more than once if assigned more than one disposition during the fiscal year. For example, if a juvenile was diverted and later placed on probation for a new offense in the same year, the juvenile would be counted twice, once for diversion and once for probation. Additionally, because the unique identifiers for juveniles are county specific – a juvenile could be counted in more than one county. The only exceptions to the unduplicated count of juveniles at each stage are Table 11.1. Pathways to Adult Court, FY14 and Table 11.2 Pathways to Adult Court by County, FY14. In these tables, if a juvenile is direct filed and transferred, the juvenile would be counted twice, once for any transfer and once for any direct file. Historical data presented are as previously reported in all Juveniles Processed publications and the Arizona’s Juvenile Court Counts FY2014. Although we strive to capture all direct filed juveniles, some direct filed juveniles may not be reflected in Juveniles Processed data. Percentages given in each table may not equal 100.00% due to rounding. 2. Specific definitions of each severity category include, but are not limited to: Felonies Against Person - Aggravated assault, arson of occupied structure, child molestation, child prostitution, child abuse, criminal syndicate, custodial interference, drive-by shooting, intimidating by gang, kidnapping, endangerment, incest, leaving accident, manslaughter, murder, negligent homicide, robbery, sexual abuse, sexual assault, sexual conduct with minor. Felonies Against Property - Aggravated criminal damage, criminal damage, shoplifting, arson of unoccupied structure, armed burglary, burglary, computer fraud, fraud, embezzlement, extortion, forgery, unauthorized use of vehicle, organized crime, failure to return rental property, trafficking, possession of stolen property, stolen vehicle, theft. Obstruction of Justice (Felonies and Misdemeanors) - Contempt of court, escape, unlawful or felony flight, failure to appear, hindering prosecution, influence witness, obstruction, perjury, parole or probation violation, resisting arrest. Misdemeanor Against Person - Assault, simple assault, domestic violence, endangerment, threatening intimidation, lewd and lascivious acts, unlawful imprisonment. Drugs (Felonies and Misdemeanors) - Possession, sale, use, transportation, or manufacture of any illegal drug (dangerous, narcotic, toxic substance, inhalant, hallucinogen, or prescription) or drug paraphernalia, involving a minor in a drug offense. 59 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 NOTES Public Peace (Felonies and Misdemeanors) - Aggravated DUI, alcohol under age consumption, carry concealed weapon, child neglect, commercial sex, contributing delinquency of minor, crime against nature, cruelty to animals, disorderly conduct, disturbing the peace, DUI, eavesdropping, false reporting, failure to stop, firework violation, gambling/gaming, harassment, indecent exposure, obscenity, prostitution, reckless burning, reckless driving, riot, public sexual indecency, speeding, traffic offenses, trespassing, criminal trespassing, unlawful assembly, weapons offenses, discharge firearm. Misdemeanors Against Property - Criminal damage, issue bad check, shoplifting, and theft. Status Offenses - Curfew, incorrigible, liquor possession, runaway, tobacco possession, truancy. Administrative - Court hold, courtesy hold, immigration, sovereignty, traffic, warrant. 3. Statutory requirements for diversion based on A.R.S. §8-321: 1. The County Attorney has sole discretion to divert a juvenile to a community based alternative program that is operated by the County Attorney or to a diversion program administered by the Juvenile Court. A juvenile identified as a chronic or violent offender, or who is alleged to have violated A.R.S. §28-1281, §28-1382, §28-1383 (DUI) or violated Title 13, Chapter 34 (Purchase, possession, or consumption of alcohol/drugs) and the juvenile has previously participated in a community-based alternative program or a diversion program or a diversion program administered by the juvenile court at least two times within twenty-four months is not eligible for diversion. 2. The juvenile probation officer is required to submit a referral to the County Attorney for alleged offenses that have been identified as not eligible for diversion. The County Attorney is able to return a case to the juvenile probation officer for further action if prosecution is declined. 3. The juvenile probation officer is mandated to conduct an interview with a juvenile diverted to the Juvenile Court and the juvenile’s parent(s) or guardian. If, during the interview, the juvenile acknowledges responsibility for the offense (based on the referral), the probation/intake officer may choose to begin the process of adjusting the referral. Adjustment of the referral can occur only after the juvenile completes one or more conditions (consequences), as assigned by the probation/intake officer. The consequences could be one or more of the following: a. Participation in unpaid community service work. b. Participation in a counseling program, which is designed to strengthen family relationships and to prevent repetitive juvenile delinquency. c. Participation in an education program, approved by the court, which has as its goal the prevention of further delinquent behavior. d. Participation in an education program, approved by the court, which is designed to deal with ancillary problems experienced by the juvenile, such as alcohol or drug abuse. 60 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 NOTES e. Participation in a non-residential program of rehabilitation or supervision offered by the court or offered by the community youth serving agency and approved by the court. f. Payment of restitution to the victim of the delinquent act. g. Payment of a monetary assessment. 4. The County Attorney or the juvenile court, in cooperation with the County Attorney, can establish community based alternative programs. Community-based alternative programs and diversion programs must ensure that the participation of both the juvenile and victim are voluntary, and that the juvenile accepts responsibility for the delinquent or incorrigible act. 5. The participants in a community-based alternative program agree on any legally reasonable consequence for the juvenile offender, with the exception of confinement. The program participants, juvenile and juvenile’s parents(s) or guardian and victim may sign a written contract agreeing on resolution of the matter in which the parent(s) or guardian agree to ensure that the juvenile complies with the contract. 6. If a juvenile complies with the consequences set forth by the probation officer or communitybased alternative program, the County Attorney will not file a petition in juvenile court. 6. Commitment Guidelines: 1. When considering the commitment of a juvenile to the care and custody of ADJC, the juvenile court shall: a. Only commit those juveniles who are adjudicated for a delinquent act and whom the court believes require placement in a secure care facility for the protection of the community; b. Consider commitment to ADJC as a final opportunity for rehabilitation of the juvenile, as well as a way of holding the juvenile accountable for a serious delinquent act or acts; c. Give special consideration to the nature of the offense, the level of risk the juvenile poses to the community, and whether appropriate, less restrictive alternatives to commitment exist within the community; and d. Clearly identify, in the commitment order, the offense or offenses for which the juvenile is being committed and any other relevant factors that the court determines as reasons to consider the juvenile a risk to the community. 2. The juvenile court shall not consider juveniles for commitment to ADJC when charged with an incorrigible offense(s) or a violation of a court order while under protective supervision for an incorrigible offense. 61 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 GLOSSARY Adjudication Hearing. A hearing at which a juvenile is found delinquent, incorrigible or dependent. The hearing is relatively formal and attended by the judicial officer, County Attorney, defense attorney and the juvenile. The parents/guardians and a juvenile probation officer may also attend along with any victims or witnesses required. The adjudication hearing is sometimes compared to the trial process in adult court, without the jury. In some respects, an "adjudication" for a delinquent offense is the juvenile court's equivalent of a "criminal conviction" in adult court. Adult Court. Adult court has been defined in statute as the appropriate justice court, municipal court or criminal division of Superior Court with jurisdiction to hear offenses committed by adults. Law specifies that juveniles who commit certain offenses, are chronic felony offenders, or have historical prior convictions, must be prosecuted in the adult court and, if convicted, are subject to adult sentencing laws. Adult Probation. Adult probation is a function of the judicial branch of government responsible for the community-based supervision of adults convicted of criminal offenses. Juveniles prosecuted as adults and placed on probation are supervised by the Adult Probation Department. Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections (ADJC). The ADJC is operated by the executive branch and is the juvenile counterpart of the Department of Corrections. ADJC operates facilities and programs designed primarily for more serious juvenile offenders who are committed to their care and custody by the juvenile courts. ADJC operates secure correctional facilities, community-based after care programs, and juvenile parole. Chronic Felony Offender. A chronic felony offender is statutorily defined as a juvenile who on two prior separate occasions was adjudicated delinquent for an offense that would have been comparable to a felony offense had the juvenile been prosecuted as an adult, and who commits a third felony offense. The County Attorney is required by statute to bring criminal prosecution in adult court against all juveniles 15 years of age or older who are charged with committing a third felony offense. The County Attorney has discretion to also indict 14-year-old juveniles as chronic felony offenders and to prosecute them as adults. Community-Based Alternative Program (CBAP). As used in Senate Bill 1446 and current statute, Community-Based Alternative Programs are not specifically defined. However, the term "CBAP" has been used generally in reference to citizen boards established throughout local communities by County Attorneys and/or juvenile courts. In cases where the County Attorney has authorized "diversion," the juvenile and his/her parent(s) or guardian(s) may be referred to a CBAP, where the panel of citizens will review the offense, question the juvenile and issue a consequence. The fundamental intent of this type of Community-Based Alternative Program is to increase citizen involvement in the juvenile justice process. Community Restitution. Unpaid labor or services provided to a not-for-profit or government agency. Community restitution work may involve such things as graffiti abatement, litter cleanup or any other public or private community assistance project under the supervision of the County Attorney or juvenile court. Community restitution can be a consequence for youth in diversion or youth disposed to probation or penalty only disposition. Complaint. By statute, a complaint is a written statement of the essential facts that constitute a public offense. A report normally prepared by a law enforcement officer and submitted under oath to County 62 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 GLOSSARY Attorney alleging that a juvenile has violated the law. In some jurisdictions, the complaint goes to the Juvenile Probation Department prior to the County Attorney. It is also called a "delinquency complaint" or "written referral" (paper referral). Delinquent Juvenile. A delinquent juvenile is “a child who is adjudicated to have committed a delinquent act”, with the exception of a child under eight years of age who would be alternatively classified as a “dependent child”. A delinquent juvenile is simply a youth who commits an illegal offense. Dependent Child/Youth. A juvenile who is: adjudicated to be in need of proper and effective parental care and control and who has no parent or guardian willing to exercise or capable of exercising such care and control; destitute; not provided with the necessities of life, including adequate food, clothing, shelter or medical care; under eight years of age and found to have committed an act that would result in adjudication as a delinquent juvenile or incorrigible child if committed by an older juvenile or child; incompetent or not restorable to competency and alleged to have committed a serious offense or living in a home that is unfit by reason of abuse, neglect, cruelty or depravity by a parent, a guardian or any other person having custody or care of the juvenile. Detention. Juvenile detention is the temporary confinement of a juvenile in a physically restrictive facility surrounded by a locked and secure barrier with restricted ingress and egress. Juveniles can be held in detention pending court hearings for purposes of public protection or for their own protection or as a consequence. Discretionary Filings. Arizona law permits the County Attorney to prosecute a juvenile as an adult if the juvenile is fourteen years of age or older and accused of certain serious crimes. In addition, criminal prosecution may be brought against any juvenile with a prior conviction in adult court. Disposition Hearing. After a juvenile is adjudicated delinquent or incorrigible, a disposition hearing is held to determine the most appropriate punishment or intervention. This hearing is comparable to a "sentencing hearing" in the adult criminal court. Dispositional Investigation and Report. At least three days prior to disposition, the Juvenile Probation Department is required to provide a Dispositional Investigation Report to the Court. The report shall be made available to the victim/s as well, if applicable. The report includes a risk assessment, victim impact statement, facts regarding the offense, information regarding restitution, and treatment and disposition recommendations from the investigating Juvenile Probation Officer. Diversion. Diversion is a process by which formal court action (prosecution) is averted. The diversion process is an opportunity for youth to admit their misdeeds and to accept the consequences without going through a formal adjudication and disposition process. By statute, the County Attorney has sole discretion to divert prosecution for juveniles accused of committing any incorrigible or delinquent offense. Incorrigible Youth. Juveniles who commit offenses which would not be considered crimes if they were committed by adults are called status offenders (incorrigible youth). Typically, incorrigible youth are juveniles who refuse to obey the reasonable and proper directions of their parents or guardians. Juveniles who are habitually truant from school, run away from home, or violate curfew are also considered to be incorrigible. 63 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 GLOSSARY Intake. Intake occurs when a youth is referred to the Juvenile Probation Department with a delinquent or incorrigible charge. Intake staff determines if a youth is eligible for diversion, per the County Attorney's criteria, or whether the juvenile must be referred to the County Attorney for possible prosecution. Intake officers meet with the juveniles and their parents, coordinate diversion consequences and issue reports to the court and County Attorney. Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision (JIPS). Arizona Revised Statutes (A.R.S. § 8-351) defines JIPS as "a program…of highly structured and closely supervised juvenile probation…..which emphasizes surveillance, treatment, work, education and home detention." A primary purpose of JIPS is to reduce the commitments to the Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections (ADJC) and other institutional or out-of-home placements. The statute requires that all juveniles adjudicated for a second felony offense must be placed on JIPS, committed to ADJC, or sent to adult court. Mandatory Offense. Arizona law mandates when a juvenile who is at least 15 years of age commits certain serious crimes he or she must be prosecuted as an adult. These "mandatory offenses" coincide with the crimes now enumerated in the State Constitution as amended through the provisions of Proposition 102, which was approved by Arizona voters at the 1996 general election. Parole. Community supervision of juveniles who have been committed to ADJC and granted release to a conditional liberty status. Parole is an executive branch function. Petition. An official legal document filed in the juvenile court by the County Attorney alleging one or more offenses that a juvenile is believed to have committed. The petition initiates the formal court hearing process of the juvenile court. Referral. A report submitted to the County Attorney alleging a child is dependent or incorrigible or has committed a delinquent act. Referrals can be made by police, parents, school officials, probation officers, other agencies or interested individuals requesting the juvenile court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile's conduct. Referrals can be "paper referrals" issued as citations or police reports or "physical referrals" where an arrest and possible detention is made by law enforcement. Juveniles may have multiple referrals between the ages of eight and seventeen. Risk Level. Is determined by use of a state approved assessment tool that classifies a juvenile as having a low, medium, or high risk to recidivate. The tool covers multiple domains using input from the juvenile, parents, school, and other official documents such as school or criminal records. Risk levels are assessed at various Court junctures. Standard Probation. A program of conditional freedom granted by the juvenile court to an adjudicated juvenile contingent on compliance with specific conditions. Transfer Hearing. A transfer hearing is held after the County Attorney requests that the juvenile court transfer its jurisdiction to the adult criminal court. The juvenile court judge may decide to waive or retain jurisdiction based on A.R.S. §8-327 and must state on the official court record the reasons for the decision. 64 ARIZONA’S JUVENILE COURT COUNTS FY14 Juvenile and Adult Terminology DIFFERENCES BETWEEN JUVENILE AND ADULT TERMINOLOGY JUVENILE ADULT Delinquent Act Incorrigible Act/Status Offense Detained Respondent Referral Petition Advisory Hearing Adjudication Hearing No Jury Trials Adjudication Delinquent/Incorrigible Disposition Detention/Secure Care Committed to ADJC Crime Not a Crime Arrested Defendant Submittal Indictment/Complaint Initial Appearance/Preliminary Hearing Arraignment Trial Jury Trial Verdict Guilty Sentence Jail Imprisoned/Incarcerated 64 Produced and Published by Arizona Supreme Court Administrative Office of the Courts  Juvenile Justice Services Division 1501 W. Washington, Suite 337  Phoenix, Arizona 85007-3231 (602) 452-3443 www.azcourts.gov/jjsd This publication can be provided in an alternative format upon request to assist persons with disabilities under the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act.