FHWA-AZ-EIS-13-01-D South Mountain Freeway (Loop 202) Interstate 10 (Papago Freeway) to Interstate 10 (Maricopa Freeway) Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Section 4(f) Evaluation Volume I: Main Text Submitted pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(c), 49 U.S.C. § 303, and 33 U.S.C. § 1251 by the Federal Highway Administration and Arizona Department of Transportation in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs Western Area Power Administration April 2013 If you are reading this document as a printed copy, a compact disc of the Volume II appendices is included inside the back cover. FHWA-AZ-EIS-13-01-D South Mountain Freeway (Loop 202) Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Section 4(f) Evaluation Fact Sheet Project Title South Mountain Freeway State Route Designation SR 202L Federal-aid Project Number NH-202-D(ADY) ADOT Project Number 202L MA 054 H5764 01L NEPA Federal Lead Agency Federal Highway Administration 4000 North Central Avenue, Suite 1500 Phoenix, AZ 85012 Project Sponsor Arizona Department of Transportation 205 South 17th Avenue Phoenix, AZ 85007 Cooperating Agencies U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Arizona/Nevada Area Office 3636 North Central Avenue, Suite 900 Phoenix, AZ 85012 U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs 104 North Main Street P.O. Box 8 Sacaton, AZ 85247 Western Area Power Administration Desert Southwest Regional Office 615 South 43rd Avenue P.O. Box 6457 Phoenix, AZ 85005 Public Hearing A public hearing to provide information and accept comments on the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) will be held on: DATE: May 21, 2013 Dates, times, and locations of the public hearing and other comment opportunities will be announced through notices published in newspapers of general circulation and on the project Web site, . DEIS/Section 4(f) Evaluation Review A comment period will begin on the date a notice is published in the Federal Register. Notice will take place on April 26, 2013. The comment period during which the DEIS can be reviewed and comments can be made will end on July 24, 2013. After reading the DEIS, please provide specific written comments on its contents. Comments should be sent to: Chaun Hill, PE, Project Manager Arizona Department of Transportation 1655 West Jackson Street, MD126F Phoenix, AZ 85007 Comments can also be sent by e-mail to: projects@azdot.gov Document Availability The document is available online at and for review only and at no charge at the following locations: Phoenix Public Library – Ironwood Branch 4333 East Chandler Boulevard Phoenix, AZ 85048 (602) 262‑4636 Hours of operation: Monday, Saturday: 9 a.m.–5 p.m. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday: 11 a.m.–7 p.m. Sunday: 1 p.m.–5 p.m. Closed Fridays Phoenix Public Library – Burton Barr Central Library 1221 North Central Avenue Phoenix, AZ 85004 (602) 262‑4636 Hours of operation: Monday, Friday, Saturday: 9 a.m.–5 p.m. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday: 11 a.m.–9 p.m. Sunday: 1 p.m.–5 p.m. Sam Garcia Western Avenue Library 495 East Western Avenue Avondale, AZ 85323 (623) 333‑2665 Hours of operation: Monday – Thursday: 10 a.m. – 7 p.m. Friday – Saturday: 10 a.m.– 5 p.m. Tolleson Public Library 9555 West Van Buren Street Tolleson, AZ 85353 (623) 936‑2746 Hours of operation: Monday – Wednesday: 9 a.m. – 7 p.m. Thursday – Friday: 9 a.m. – 5 p.m. Saturday: 9 a.m. – 1 p.m. ADOT Environmental Planning Group 1611 West Jackson Street Phoenix, AZ 85007 Call for appointment, (602) 712-7767 Printed copies of the DEIS and related documents are available for purchase from ADOT upon request by calling (602) 712-7767. Prices for printed copies are: DEIS/Section 4(f) Evaluation $125 Technical reports $9 to $550 Appendix volume $50 Compact disks are available at no charge and can be obtained by request by calling (602) 712-7767. Printing of all or parts of the DEIS is also available at: FedEx Office Print & Ship Center 4940 East Ray Road Phoenix, AZ 85044 CONTENTS Chapter 2 – Gila River Indian Community Coordination Volume I: Main Text Title Page i Fact Sheet ii Summary Background Information Contents of the DEIS Comments about the Environmental Impact Statement Process Description of the Proposed Action Historical Context Purpose and Need Alternatives Screening Process Action Alternatives No-Action Alternative Impacts Measures to Mitigate Adverse Effects Identification of a Preferred Alternative Identification of a Preferred Alternative in the Western Section (W59 Alternative) Identification of a Preferred Alternative in the Eastern Section (E1 Alternative) Status of Gila River Indian Community Alternatives–At the DEIS Stage Treatment of Resources Afforded Protection under Section 4(f)–At the DEIS Stage Other Government Actions Permits and Permissions Required Areas of Concern Communications and Coordination – Involving the Public and Agencies in the EIS Process Independent Evaluation of the DEIS Chapter 1 – Purpose and Need Purpose of the Document Purpose of the Chapter Context of Purpose and Need in the EIS Process Project Location, Description, and Current Status Historical Context of the Proposed Action Context of the Proposed Action in Current Regional Transportation Planning Need and Purpose for the Proposed Action Need Based on Socioeconomic Factors Need Based on Regional Transportation Demand and Existing and Projected Transportation System Capacity Deficiencies Conclusions S-1 S-2 S-2 S-4 S-4 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-8 S-10 S-18 S-35 S-35 S-38 S-38 S-38 S-40 S-40 S-40 S-43 S-44 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-4 1-5 1-9 1-11 1-11 1-13 1-21 Coordination Efforts and Gila River Indian Community Interaction Pertaining to the Proposed Action Background Information Executive Branch Gila River Indian Community Council and Special Committees Districts Departments Bureau of Indian Affairs Gila River Indian Community Coordination Gila River Indian Community Council and Special Committees Governor and Lieutenant Governor Districts Governmental Departments I-10/Pecos Road Landowners Association South Mountain Citizens Advisory Team Bureau of Indian Affairs Other Gila River Indian Community Coordination Content and Status of Coordination and Activities Status of Gila River Indian Community Alignments at Time of DEIS Issuance Treatment of Impacts on Gila River Indian Community Land Summary of Comments Received Future Coordination Context of Coordination in Relation to Environmental Justice Executive Order Conclusions Chapter 3 – Alternatives Background and Alternatives Development and Screening Purpose of the Chapter Context of Alternatives in the EIS Process Alternatives Development and Screening Alternatives Studied in Detail No-Action Alternative Action Alternatives Traffic Analysis Identification of a Preferred Alternative Conclusions Chapter 4 – Affected Environment, Environmental Consequences, and Mitigation Background Information Land Use Affected Environment Environmental Consequences 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-4 2-7 2-7 2-8 2-8 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-11 2-11 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-40 3-40 3-40 3-60 3-65 3-70 4-1 4-3 4-3 4-9 iv Mitigation Conclusions Social Conditions Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions Title VI and Environmental Justice Data Assumptions Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions Displacements and Relocations Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions Economic Impacts Existing Conditions Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions Air Quality Regulatory Overview Criteria Pollutants Mobile Source Air Toxics Environmental Consequences Conclusions Noise Noise Criteria Existing Noise Levels Environmental Consequences Mitigation Other Possible Mitigation Strategies Conclusions Water Resources Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions Floodplains Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Contents 4-18 4-19 4-20 4-20 4-21 4-23 4-28 4-29 4-29 4-29 4-31 4-38 4-38 4-39 4-39 4-39 4-44 4-45 4-46 4-46 4-47 4-57 4-57 4-58 4-58 4-58 4-62 4-65 4-79 4-80 4-80 4-80 4-82 4-90 4-91 4-91 4-93 4-93 4-97 4-98 4-101 4-102 4-102 4-104 Mitigation Conclusions Waters of the United States Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions Topography, Geology, and Soils Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions Biological Resources Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions Cultural Resources Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Mitigation SHPO Concurrence Conclusions Prime and Unique Farmlands Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions Hazardous Materials Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions Visual Resources Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions Energy Affected Environment Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions 4-106 4-107 4-108 4-108 4-109 4-110 4-112 4-113 4-113 4-115 4-116 4-116 4-117 4-117 4-124 4-126 4-127 4-128 4-128 4-130 4-146 4-148 4-148 4-149 4-149 4-149 4-150 4-150 4-152 4-152 4-152 4-153 4-154 4-155 4-155 4-155 4-158 4-158 4-160 4-160 4-160 4-160 4-160 Contents Temporary Construction Impacts Environmental Consequences and Mitigation Conclusions Material Sources and Waste Material Environmental Consequences Mitigation Conclusions Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources Relationship Between Short-Term Uses of the Environment and Long-Term Productivity Secondary and Cumulative Impacts Overview of Historic, Existing, and Future Conditions Secondary Impacts Cumulative Impacts No-Action Alternative Mitigation Conclusions Conclusions Chapter 5 – Section 4(f) Evaluation Procedures for Protecting Section 6(f) and Section 4(f) Resources Section 6(f) Section 4(f) Presentation of Section 4(f) Resources, Impacts, and Measures to Minimize Harm Public Parkland Resources (SMPP) Associated with the South Mountains NRHP-Eligible Historic Resources (SMPP) Associated with the South Mountains The South Mountains (Muhadagi Doag) as a Traditional Cultural Property AZ T:12:112 (ASM) as a Traditional Cultural Property Other Traditional Cultural Properties Coordination Conclusions Chapter 6 – Comments and Coordination Past Coordination and Project Actions Summary of Past Agency and Public Involvement, Pre-EIS Process Agency Coordination Public Involvement Future Coordination and Project Actions EIS Process Design Phase Construction Postconstruction DEIS Distribution and Public Hearing Context-Sensitive Solutions as Applied to the Proposed Action Conclusions 4-161 4-161 4-163 4-164 4-164 4-164 4-164 4-165 4-166 4-167 4-167 4-167 4-171 4-177 4-177 4-177 4-178 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-5 5-14 5-25 5-26 5-28 5-28 5-29 5-31 6-1 6-1 6-2 6-6 6-23 6-23 6-23 6-23 6-23 6-23 6-25 6-29 v Preparers Abbreviations and Acronyms Glossary Bibliography and References Index Tables Table S-1 Table S-2 Table S-3 Table S-4 Table S-5 Table 1-1 Table 1-2 Table 1-3 Table 2-1 Table 2-2 Table 3‑1 Table 3‑2 Table 3‑3 Table 3-4 Table 3‑5 Table 3-6 Table 3-7 Table 3-8 Table 3-9 Table 3‑10 Table 3‑11 Table 3‑12 Table 4-1 Table 4-2 Table 4-3 Table 4-4 Table 4-5 Table 4-6 Table 4-7 Table 4-8 Table 4-9 Table 4-10 Table 4-11 Draft Environmental Impact Statement/Section 4(f) Evaluation Content Summary Implementation of the Proposed Freeway as the Appropriate Modal Alternative to Satisfy Purpose and Need Criteria, 2035 Environmental Impact Summary Matrix, Proposed Action Proposed Mitigation Measures, Arizona Department of Transportation, Action Alternatives Major Permits and Permissions Purpose and Need Content Summary, Chapter 1 Regional Transportation Plan Highlights Traffic Analysis Tools Meetings to Engage the Community, 2001–2009 Meetings Focused on the Proposed On-Community Alignment, 2010–2012 Alternatives Content Summary, Chapter 3 Nonfreeway Alternatives Considered and Reasons for their Elimination from Further Study Western Section Alternatives Eliminated from Further Study, Second-tier Screening, Alternatives Development and Screening Process Renaming of Action Alternatives, Western Section Eastern Section Alternatives Eliminated from Further Study, Second-tier Screening, Alternatives Development and Screening Process Comparison of Displacements, W55 and W59 Alternatives Traffic Analysis Tools Used to Assess a Freeway’s Effect on Identified Needs Regional Travel Times, 2035 Implementation of the Proposed Freeway as the Appropriate Modal Alternative to Satisfy Purpose and Need Criteria, 2035 Horizontal Alignments, W101 Alternative and Options, Western Section Alignment Features, Action Alternatives Acreage Needed, Action Alternatives, Western and Eastern Sections Affected Environment, Environmental Consequences, and Mitigation Content Summary, Chapter 4 Existing Land Use, by Study Area Jurisdiction State and Federal Land Ownership, Study Area Zoning, by Study Area Jurisdiction Status of Affected Jurisdictions’ General Plans and Plan Updates Existing Land Uses within Proposed Right-of-way, Action Alternatives Land Use Conversion Acreage Planned Developments Potentially Affected by Action Alternatives Impacts on Community Character and Cohesion, Action Alternatives Title VI and Environmental Justice Population Percentages, Affected Study Area Jurisdictions Protected Populations Affected by Action Alternatives PRE-1 ACR-1 G-1 REF-1 IND-1 S-2 S-9 S-10 S-18 S-41 1-2 1-10 1-13 2-4 2-6 3-2 3-5 3-11 3-11 3-12 3-24 3-27 3-34 3-38 3-41 3-48 3-52 4-2 4-3 4-7 4-7 4-9 4-11 4-14 4-17 4-24 4-30 4-36 vi Table 4-12 Table 4-13 Table 4-14 Table 4-15 Table 4-16 Table 4-17 Table 4-18 Table 4-19 Table 4-20 Table 4-21 Table 4-22 Table 4-23 Table 4-24 Table 4-25 Table 4-26 Table 4-27 Table 4‑28 Table 4‑29 Table 4‑30 Table 4-31 Table 4-32 Table 4‑33 Table 4‑34 Table 4‑35 Table 4‑36 Table 4-37 Table 4‑38 Table 4-39 Table 4-40 Table 4-41 Table 4-42 Table 4-43 Table 4-44 Table 4-45 Table 4-46 Table 4-47 Table 4-48 Contents Potential Displacements, Action Alternatives Summary of Business Displacements, Action Alternatives Summary of Businesses within 300 Feet of Action Alternatives Acreage of Taxable Land Uses, by Jurisdiction, Action Alternatives Land Valuation Assumptions Used to Estimate Property Tax Impacts Resulting from Right-of-way Acquisition Reductions in Local Annual Property Tax Revenues Resulting from Right-of-way Acquisition, Existing Land Uses, Action Alternatives Assumptions Used to Estimate Retail Sales Tax Impacts Resulting from Right-of-way Acquisition Reductions in Annual Retail Sales Tax Revenues Resulting from Right-of-way Acquisition, Existing Land Uses, Action Alternatives Estimated Acreage of Future Study Area Land Uses, Action Alternatives Acreage of Future Taxable Land Uses, Action Alternatives Reductions in Local Annual Property Tax Revenues Resulting from Right-of-way Acquisition, Future Land Uses, Action Alternatives Reductions in Annual Sales Tax Revenues Resulting from Right-of-way Acquisition, Future Land Uses, Action Alternatives Estimates of Total Tax Revenue Impacts, Property and Sales Tax Combined, Dollars per Year, Action Alternatives Estimated Value of Motorists’ Travel Time Economic Benefit of Reduced Regional Traffic Congestion, Action Alternatives National Ambient Air Quality Standards Priority Mobile Source Air Toxics Emissions, Maricopa County, 2002 Annual Priority Mobile Source Air Toxics Concentrations, South Phoenix Priority Mobile Source Air Toxics Emissions, South Phoenix Maximum Projected 1-hour Carbon Monoxide Concentrations at Intersections/Interchanges Maximum Projected 8‑hour Carbon Monoxide Concentrations at Intersections/Interchanges PM10 Monitoring Locations, Results, and Nearby Road Characteristics, 2009 Modeled Mobile Source Air Toxics Emissions, Western Subarea Alternatives Modeled Mobile Source Air Toxics Emissions, Eastern Subarea Alternatives Modeled Mobile Source Air Toxics Emissions, Regional Area, Assuming W59 Alternative Statewide and Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Potential, Relative to Global Totals Federal Highway Administration Noise Abatement Criteria Ambient Noise Monitoring Results, Western and Eastern Sections Noise Analysis Results, Western and Eastern Sections Potentially Affected Wells, Action Alternatives Estimated Acreage of Floodplain Impacts, Western Section, Action Alternatives Area of Impact to Jurisdictional Waters, Western Section, Action Alternatives Arizona Wildlife of Special Concern Threatened and Endangered Species Potentially Occurring in Maricopa County Archaeological Resources Affected, Action Alternatives NRHP-eligible Historical Sites (non-TCP), Action Alternatives Record of Section 106 Consultation 4-39 4-42 4-44 4-46 4-47 4-48 4-49 4-50 4-51 4-52 4-53 4-54 4-55 4-56 4-57 4-59 4-64 4-64 4-65 4-66 4-67 4-68 4-72 4-73 4-74 4-78 4-79 4-83 4-85 4-98 4-105 4-109 4-120 4-123 4-131 4-132 4-133 Table 4-49 Table 4-50 Table 4-51 Table 4-52 Table 4-53 Table 4-54 Table 4-55 Table 4-56 Table 4-57 Table 4-58 Table 5-1 Table 5-2 Table 5-3 Table 6-1 Table 6-2 Table 6-3 Table 6-4 Table 6-5 Table 6‑6 Table 6‑7 Figures Figure S-1 Figure S-2 Figure S-3 Figure S-4 Figure S-5 Figure S-6 Figure S-7 Figure S-8 Figure S-9 Figure S-10 Figure S-11 Figure 1-1 Figure 1-2 Figure 1-3 Figure 1-4 Figure 1-5 Figure 1-6 Figure 1-7 Farmland Conversion Impact Rating, Prime and Unique Farmlands, Western and Eastern Sections Hazardous Materials Impacts, Associated with Action Alternatives Visual Impacts, Action Alternatives Annual Regional Energy Consumption, 2035 Potential Major Utility Impacts, Action Alternatives Earthwork Quantities, Action Alternatives Resources Not Subject to Secondary Impact Analysis Secondary Impacts, Action Alternatives Resources Not Subject to Cumulative Impacts Analysis Representative Project-specific Mitigation Measures Section 4(f) Evaluation Content Summary, Chapter 5 Documented Coordination Associated with Section 4(f) Resources Direct Use of Section 4(f) Resources Public Involvement Tools Public Comment Summary, Phase 3 Questions and Comments Received During November 2005 Public Meeting Presentations, Phase 4 Summary of Public Comments, Phase 4 Additional Phase 4 Comments Received during and after the February 2010 Public Meeting Additional Phase 4 Comments Received during and after the February 2011 Public Meeting Application of Context-Sensitive Solutions in the EIS Process Location of the Study Area, Maricopa County Location, Phoenix Metropolitan Area Environmental Impact Statement Process The Maricopa Association of Governments Regional Freeway System, 1985 and 2003 Historical and Projected Growth Growth Distribution Alternatives Development and Screening Process Action Alternatives Typical Eight-lane Freeway Section Comparative Analysis, Action Alternatives, Western Section Sovereign Nation and Section 4(f) Constraints, Action Alternatives Study Area Maricopa Association of Governments Regional Freeway and Highway System, 1985 and 2003 Westward Ho Hotel, 1939 Growth Rates, 1950–2000 Historic and Projected Population Distribution, 1955–2030, Phoenix Metropolitan Area Projected Growth Rates, 2000–2035 Geographic Distribution of Projected Growth by Subregion, 2005–2035 4-150 4-152 4-157 4-160 4-163 4-164 4-168 4-169 4-172 4-176 5-2 5-29 5-31 6-8 6-13 6-14 6-16 6-21 6-22 6-26 S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-10 S-37 S-39 1-3 1-6 1-7 1-8 1-9 1-11 1-12 Contents Figure 1-8 Figure 1-9 Figure 1-10 Figure 1-11 Figure 1-12 Figure 1-13 Figure 2-1 Figure 3‑1 Figure 3‑2 Figure 3-3 Figure 3‑4 Figure 3‑5 Figure 3‑6 Figure 3‑7 Figure 3‑8 Figure 3-9 Figure 3-10 Figure 3‑11 Figure 3-12 Figure 3-13 Figure 3-14 Figure 3-15 Figure 3-16 Figure 3-17 Figure 3-18 Figure 3-19 Figure 3‑20 Figure 3‑21 Figure 3‑22 Figure 3‑23 Figure 3‑24 Figure 3‑25 Figure 3‑26 Figure 3‑27 Figure 3‑28 Average Daily Traffic Volumes on Freeways and Arterial Streets (without the Proposed Action), 2010 and 2035 Duration of Level of Service E or F, Morning Commute on Freeways, 2010 and 2035 Duration of Level of Service E or F, Evening Commute on Freeways, 2010 and 2035 Cut-line Analysis, 2010 and 2035 Met and Unmet Demand, 2010 and 2035 Modeled Travel Times without the Proposed Action, 2010 and 2035 Gila River Indian Community and its Governing Districts Regional Context, Proposed Action Alternatives Development and Screening Process Met and Unmet Demand with and without Modal Improvements, 2035 Corridor Locations, Alternatives Development and Screening Process Early Alignment Siting Efforts, Alternatives Development and Screening Process Western and Eastern Section Alternatives, First-tier Screening, Alternatives Development and Screening Process Alignment Adjustments, Third- and Fourth-tier Screening, Western Section, Alternatives Development and Screening Process Design Adjustments, Third- and Fourth-tier Screening, Eastern Section, Alternatives Development and Screening Process Duration of Level of Service E or F on Eight-lane and Ten-lane Freeways, Morning Commute, 2035 Duration of Level of Service E or F on Eight-lane and Ten-lane Freeways, Evening Commute, 2035 Alignment and Design Adjustments, Fifth-tier Screening, Alternatives Development and Screening Process Projected Average Daily Traffic Volumes on Freeways and Arterial Streets with and without the Proposed Freeway, 2035 Cut-line Analysis with and without the Proposed Freeway, 2035 Met and Unmet Demand with and without the Proposed Freeway, 2035 Duration of Level of Service E or F with and without the Proposed Freeway, Morning Commute on Freeways, 2035 Duration Level of Service E or F with and without the Proposed Freeway, Evening Commute on Freeways, 2035 Representative Travel Times with and without the Proposed Freeway, 2035 Select Link Analysis, Origins and Destinations within and outside the Region, 2035 Summary of Action Alternatives Considered and Eliminated Horizontal and Vertical Alignments, W59 Alternative, Western Section Horizontal and Vertical Alignments, W71 Alternative, Western Section Horizontal and Vertical Alignments, W101 Alternative Western Option, Western Section Horizontal and Vertical Alignments, W101 Alternative Central Option, Western Section Horizontal and Vertical Alignments, W101 Alternative Eastern Option, Western Section Horizontal and Vertical Alignments, E1 Alternative, Eastern Section System Traffic Interchange Configurations, Action Alternatives, Western Section System Traffic Interchange Configuration, Action Alternative, Eastern Section Proposed Service Traffic Interchanges, Action Alternatives, Western and Eastern Sections 1-15 1-17 1-18 1-19 1-20 1-20 2-2 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-7 3-7 3-10 3-14 3-15 3-21 3-22 3-26 3-29 3-30 3-31 3-32 3-33 3-34 3-36 3-39 3-42 3-43 3-44 3-45 3-46 3-47 3-49 3-50 3-51 vii Figure 3‑29 Local Access Modifications, Service Traffic Interchanges, W59 Alternative, Western Section Figure 3‑30 Local Access Modifications, Service Traffic Interchanges, W71 Alternative, Western Section Figure 3‑31 Local Access Modifications, W101 Alternative, Service Traffic Interchanges, Partial and Full Reconstruction Options, Western Section Figure 3‑32 Local Street Realignments, W59 Alternative (Preferred Alternative), Western Section Figure 3‑33 Local Street Realignments, E1 Alternative (Preferred Alternative), Eastern Section Figure 3‑34 Typical Eight-lane Freeway Section Figure 3‑35 Earthwork Quantities, Action Alternatives, Western and Eastern Sections Figure 3‑36 Planning‑level Cost Estimates, Action Alternatives, Western and Eastern Sections Figure 3‑37 Projected Traffic Volumes, Freeways and Arterial Streets, 2035 Figure 3‑38 Projected Traffic Volumes, Action Alternatives, 2035 Figure 3‑39 Modeled Level of Service, Action Alternatives, 2035 Figure 3‑40 Modeled Level of Service, Interstate 10, Western Section, 2035 Figure 3-41 Comparative Analysis, Action Alternatives, Western Section Figure 4-1 Jurisdictions Figure 4-2 Land Ownership Figure 4-3 Existing Land Uses Figure 4-4 Planned Developments, 2009 Figure 4-5 General Plan Land Use Designations Figure 4-6 Land Leased for Rio Salado Oeste Restoration Project from Bureau of Land Management Figure 4-7 State Trust Land, Eastern Section Figure 4-8 Distinct Communities Figure 4-9 Public Facilities and Services Figure 4-10 Minority Populations Distribution Figure 4-11 Low-income Populations Distribution Figure 4-12 Elderly Populations Distribution Figure 4-13 Disabled Populations Distribution Figure 4-14 Female Heads of Household Populations Distribution Figure 4-15 Potential Business Relocations, W101 Alternative and Options Figure 4-16 Potential Business Relocations, W71 Alternative Figure 4-17 Potential Business Relocations, W59 Alternative Figure 4‑18 Comparison of National Economic and Demographic Growth Indicators and Air Emissions, 1970–2005 Figure 4‑19 Annual Second High 8‑hour Carbon Monoxide Concentrations, Phoenix, 1980–2009 Figure 4‑20 Nonattainment Areas for Particulate Matter, Carbon Monoxide, and Ozone, Maricopa County Figure 4‑21 Exceedances of Maximum 8‑hour Ozone Concentrations, Phoenix, 1990–2009 Figure 4‑22 Regional PM10 Emissions Sources, Phoenix, 2008 Figure 4‑23 Sources of the 188 Hazardous Air Pollutants Regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency Figure 4‑24 Priority Mobile Source Air Toxics Emissions, 1999, On-road Versus Other Sources Figure 4‑25 Priority Mobile Source Air Toxics Emissions, Maricopa County Figure 4‑26 National MSAT Emission Trends, 1999–2050 Figure 4‑27 Modeled Assessment Areas, Mobile Source Air Toxics, Maricopa County Figure 4‑28 Priority Mobile Source Air Toxics Emissions as a Function of Vehicle Speed 3-53 3-54 3-55 3-56 3-57 3-58 3-59 3-59 3-61 3-62 3-63 3-66 3-67 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-8 4-10 4-14 4-15 4-22 4-23 4-31 4-32 4-33 4-34 4-35 4-41 4-41 4-41 4-58 4-60 4-61 4-61 4-62 4-62 4-62 4-64 4-70 4-71 4-71 viii Figure 4-29 Figure 4-30 Figure 4-31 Figure 4-32 Figure 4-33 Figure 4-34 Figure 4-35 Figure 4-36 Figure 4-37 Figure 4-38 Figure 4-39 Figure 4-40 Figure 4-41 Figure 5-1 Figure 5-2 Figure 5-3 Figure 5-4 Figure 5-5 Figure 5-6 Figure 5-7 Figure 5-8 Figure 5-9 Figure 5-10 Figure 5-11 Figure 5-12 Figure 5-13 Figure 5-14 Figure 6-1 Figure 6-2 Figure 6-3 Figure 6-4 Contents Noise Receiver and Potential Barrier Locations, W101 Alternative and Options Noise Receiver and Potential Barrier Locations, W71 Alternative Noise Receiver and Potential Barrier Locations, W59 Alternative Noise Receiver and Potential Barrier Locations, Eastern Section Noise Barrier Process Major Surface Water Resources Watersheds in the Region Study Area Active Groundwater Wells Irrigation Canals 100-year Floodplains Waters of the United States, Western Section Typical Ephemeral Washes, Eastern Section Plant Communities Adjacent to Action Alternative Alignments Section 4(f) in the EIS Process as Applied to the Proposed Action Alignment Adjustments, Action Alternatives, Western and Eastern Sections Section 4(f) Resources in the Study Area Properties Eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (not associated with the South Mountains or Traditional Cultural Properties) Recreational Trails System Public School Recreational Facilities Public Parkland Public Parkland Resources (Phoenix South Mountain Park/Preserve) Associated with the South Mountains Photo Simulations, Proposed Roadway Cuts through Ridges of the South Mountains Cross Sections, Proposed Roadway Cuts through Ridges of the South Mountains Profile, Tunnel Alternatives Profile, Medium Bridge Alternatives Profile, High Bridge Alternatives Comparison, 1988 South Mountain Freeway Alignment and Proposed Freeway Alignment Public Involvement, South Mountain Freeway History Public Involvement, Phase 2 Public Involvement, Phase 3 Public Involvement, Phase 4 Appendices Volume II: Appendices for Chapters 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 4-81 4-81 4-81 4-82 4-92 4-94 4-95 4-96 4-99 4-103 4-108 4-109 4-118 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-8 5-10 5-12 5-15 5-16 5-17 5-19 5-21 5-22 5-23 6-1 6-12 6-12 6-15 Chapter 1   Purpose and Need Appendix 1-1 Agency Letters and Communication Chapter 2 Gila River Indian Community Coordination Appendix 2-1 Section 106 Consultation Chapter 4   Affected Environment, Environmental Consequences, and Mitigation Appendix 4-1 Appendix 4-2 Appendix 4-3 Appendix 4-4 Appendix 4-5 ADOT Relocation Assistance Program Policy Dust Control Permit Operating Agreement Programmatic Agreement Farmland Conversion Chapter 5 Section 4(f) Evaluation Chapter 6 Comments and Coordination Appendix 5-1 Properties Excluded from Section 4(f) Consideration Appendix 5-2 Section 4(f) Correspondence Appendix 6-1 Notice of Intent Appendix 6-2 Newsletters and Advertisements Appendix 6-3 South Mountain Citizens Advisory Team A1 A223 A497 A533 A555 A561 A571 A583 A591 A621 A623 A655