FINAL DRAFT Publication Date: June 30, 2016 2015 AIR MONITORING 2015NETWORK AIR MONITORING PLAN NETWORK PLAN Lead Author: Ceresa Stewart ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In 2015, the Maricopa County Air Quality Department’s Air Monitoring Division maintained 26 ambient air monitoring sites throughout Maricopa County. The division has eighteen team members including: one manager, two technician supervisors, two engineers, one quality assurance officer, one data analyst, and eleven technicians. The division would especially like to thank all of its personnel and the department’s atmospheric scientist for their excellent job in helping to maintain Maricopa County’s air monitoring program. They are: Ben Davis, Gary Ensminger, Robert Dyer, Ceresa Stewart, Nikki Peterson, John Neff, Tom Shorb, Chris Hernandez, Hugh Tom, Steve Sample, Daniel Daniels, Robert Sawicki, Reynaldo Santillano, Larry Seals, Alex Herrera, Freddie Alejandro, Tom Dubishar, David Dubiel, and Ron Pope, respectfully. In addition, the department gratefully acknowledges the assistance of other agencies, which provided data and helpful comments to this review. These may include the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Pinal County Air Quality Control District, the Maricopa Association of Governments, and the Tribal air monitoring organizations adjacent to Maricopa County. Last, we would like to thank the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Region 9 personnel for their guidance and support regarding our air monitoring program. The department respectfully submits this 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan to Region 9 for review. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 2 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................... 2 ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................. 6 INTRODUCTION TO THE AIR MONITORING NETWORK PLAN ........................................... 7 Overview of the Clean Air Act and Criteria Pollutants ..................................................................... 9 The National Ambient Air Quality Standards.................................................................................. 10 The Air Quality Index ...................................................................................................................... 11 Information Regarding the Causes, Characteristics, and Compliance of Criteria Pollutants .......... 13 AIR MONITORING STRATEGIES AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM DESIGN...................... 20 Overview of the Criteria Pollutant Networks .................................................................................. 20 Overview of the Air Monitoring Sites ............................................................................................. 24 2015 SUMMARY OF NETWORK RESULTS AND REQUIRED INFORMATION ................... 28 Determining Data Quality and Acceptability................................................................................... 28 Summary of Data Produced by the Criteria Pollutant Networks ..................................................... 30 2015 NAAQS Exceedance and Violation Summary ....................................................................... 46 2015 O3 Exceedance and Violation Information ............................................................................. 47 2015 Particulate Matter Exceedance and Violation Status .............................................................. 50 Supplemental Exceptional Event Information ................................................................................. 52 Changes to the Criteria Pollutant Air Monitoring Networks ........................................................... 53 Daily Uses of Criteria Pollutant Data .............................................................................................. 57 Information Regarding Maricopa County’s Supplementary Air Monitoring Programs .................. 58 Information Regarding Additional Air Monitoring within Maricopa County ................................. 62 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 63 APPENDIX I –2015 AIR MONITORING DATA BY SITE ............................................................ 64 APPENDIX II - EPA-REQUIRED SITE METADATA ................................................................... 91 Required General Statement Regarding Changes to the PM2.5 Network ......................................... 92 Appendix II Site Schematic Descriptions ........................................................................................ 92 APPENDIX III – NEAR-ROAD NO2 MONITOR SITE SELECTION ........................................ 145 APPENDIX IV - PUBLIC NOTICE AND COMMENT INFORMATION .................................. 191 Public Notice .................................................................................................................................. 192 Public Meeting Attendance ............................................................................................................ 192 Public Comments Received ........................................................................................................... 193 Maricopa County Response to Public Comments.......................................................................... 195 APPENDIX V – GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................ 199 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 3 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department List of Tables Table 1. National Ambient Air Quality Standards ................................................................................. 10 Table 2. The Air Quality Index............................................................................................................... 11 Table 3. General Site Types.................................................................................................................... 22 Table 4. Monitoring Scales (Spatial Scales of Representativeness) ....................................................... 22 Table 5. Maricopa County Ambient Air Monitoring Sites for 2015. ..................................................... 25 Table 6. Location of Air Monitoring Sites ............................................................................................. 26 Table 7. Air Monitoring Instruments by Site.......................................................................................... 27 Table 8. 2015 Criteria Pollutant Data Completeness for SLAMS.......................................................... 28 Table 9. Approximate Amount of 2015 Data Produced ......................................................................... 29 Table 10. 2015 8-hour Average CO Data Summary .............................................................................. 31 Table 11. CO Data Required by EPA ..................................................................................................... 31 Table 12. 2015 Pb Data Summary .......................................................................................................... 33 Table 13. Pb Data Required by EPA ...................................................................................................... 33 Table 14. 2015 NO2 1-hour Data Summary ........................................................................................... 35 Table 15. NO2 Data Required by EPA ................................................................................................... 35 Table 16. 2015 8-hour Average O3 Data Summary................................................................................ 37 Table 17. O3 Data Required by EPA ...................................................................................................... 37 Table 18. 2015 PM10 24-Hour Data Summary Including EE Data ........................................................ 39 Table 19. PM10 Data Required by EPA .................................................................................................. 40 Table 20. 2015 PM2.5 24-Hour Averages and Annual Means ................................................................ 42 Table 21. PM2.5 3-Year Annual Averages .............................................................................................. 43 Table 22. PM2.5 3-Year 24-Hour Averages of the 98th Percentile .......................................................... 44 Table 23. PM2.5 Data Required by EPA ................................................................................................. 44 Table 24. 2015 SO2 Data Summary........................................................................................................ 45 Table 25. SO2 Data Required by EPA .................................................................................................... 46 Table 26. 2015 NAAQS Exceedances and Violation Summary ............................................................ 46 Table 27. 2015 O3 8-hour Average Exceedance Details ........................................................................ 47 Table 28. 2015 O3 NAAQS Violations................................................................................................... 48 Table 29. 2015 Violations of the PM10 24-Hour NAAQS without EE Data Holding EPA-Concurrence .......................................................................................................................................................... 50 Table 30. 2015 Violations of the PM10 NAAQS with All EE Flagged Data Excluded Regardless of EPA Concurrence ............................................................................................................................. 51 Table 31. 2015 PM2.5 Exceedances ........................................................................................................ 52 Table 32. Seasonal Monitors .................................................................................................................. 57 Table 33. Maricopa County Response to Public Comments Received ................................................ 195 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 4 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department List of Figures Figure 1. 2015 Air Monitoring Site Map .................................................................................................. 8 Figure 2. AIRNow AQI Forecast Map ................................................................................................... 12 Figure 3. Maricopa County’s AQI Map ................................................................................................. 12 Figure 4. 2015 Air Monitoring Site Map ................................................................................................ 24 Figure 5. 2015 CO Monitoring Site Map................................................................................................ 30 Figure 6. 2015 Pb Monitoring Site Map ................................................................................................. 32 Figure 7. 2015 NO2 Monitoring Site Map .............................................................................................. 34 Figure 8. 2015 O3 Monitoring Site Map ................................................................................................. 36 Figure 9. 2015 PM10 Monitoring Site Map ............................................................................................. 38 Figure 10. 2015 PM2.5 Monitoring Site Map .......................................................................................... 41 Figure 11. 2015 SO2 Monitoring Site Map ............................................................................................. 45 Figure 12. 2015 O3 Violations by Site based on 2008 NAAQS ............................................................. 48 Figure 13. O3 Violations by Site based on 2015 NAAQS ...................................................................... 49 Figure 14. 2015 Jomax Fire .................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 15. Mobile Monitoring Truck...................................................................................................... 59 Figure 16. 2015 Public Announcement ................................................................................................ 192 Figure 17. Comments Received from the Maricopa Association of Governments .............................. 194 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 5 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department ABSTRACT In 2015, the Maricopa County Air Quality Department (MCAQD) Air Monitoring Division (AMD) successfully operated a robust air quality surveillance system that monitored for regulated ambient air pollutants as per 40 CFR Parts 50 and 58. This Annual Monitoring Network Plan (AMNP) documents how the system performed during 2015. The data generated by the system are intended for regulatory compliance determinations regarding regulated ambient air pollutants. Data met EPA’s requirements of quality; therefore, it can be used in this capacity. The plan proposes changes to the current monitoring network as supported by data analysis presented in MCAQD’s 2015 Network Assessment. In 2015, there were no request waivers from air monitoring regulations, except when access to a site prevented data collection for an extended period of time. When data collection interruptions occurred due to temporary or permanent site shutdowns, we made personnel at the Environmental Protection Agency’s Region 9 (EPA R9) office aware of the situation immediately. In 2015, air monitoring was suspended at two sites due to inaccessibility: 1. The Higley site’s location has been closed since November 2014 due to the landowner needing use of their property. The AMD is working on securing a suitable replacement location as close as possible to the previous geographic location so the same population is represented. 2. The Tempe site was temporarily shutdown from April until October due to the landowner making significant infrastructure upgrades. No other waivers were requested to suspend air monitoring from regulatory requirements in 2015. During 2015, some notable accomplishments were: • the startup of the second NO2 near-road air monitoring station at the new “Thirty-Third” site; • performing specialized particulate air monitoring for chemical speciation from the 2015 Thanksgiving through the 2016 New Year’s holiday season; • conducting a temporary air monitoring network for the 2015 Superbowl; • establishing temporary monitoring for emergency events; • decommissioning the AMD gravimetric laboratory in order to use a commercial laboratory for processing and analyzing PM filter samples; and, • assisting the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation by temporarily loaning air monitors to prevent PM10 and O3 data interruption. Department personnel maintained successful working relationships with regulatory agency representatives, customers, and stakeholders. We provided our data to personnel from these groups as requested, and we responded to calls from the public regarding air monitoring questions. We continued to enhance our air monitoring website for the public’s benefit as well. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 6 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department INTRODUCTION TO THE AIR MONITORING NETWORK PLAN Each year, MCAQD produces a comprehensive Air Monitoring Network Plan (AMNP) that provides vital information regarding the air monitoring surveillance system in-place for Maricopa County. The EPA requires each air monitoring organization (MO) operating within the U.S. and its territories to submit their plan on July 1st following a 30-day public comment period by way of 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart B §58.10(a)(1). The 2015 AMNP is scheduled for submission to EPA R9 before the end of June 2016. The AMNP is preliminary to our annual data certification for EPA R9, and it helps us review and assess the quality of our data before submitting it for certification. The plan’s secondary purpose is to inform the public of air pollutants that can potentially affect human health; thereby empowering our citizens and visitors with the ability to make informed decisions regarding their daily activities and lifestyles. The AMNP also describes MCAQD’s anticipated changes to the monitoring network in 2016. The MCAQD’s monitoring network is a conglomeration of six “criteria pollutant” (CP) networks, into a single, broad network that includes 26 monitoring sites. The AMNP includes an abundance of information regarding each pollutant monitor, pollutant data findings, as well as brief information regarding special purpose and/or research-driven air monitoring if conducted. The plan’s information includes, but is not limited to: • Descriptions of air monitoring sites, i.e., basic monitoring objective, monitor type, monitoring scale (spatial scale represented), geographic coordinates, and the Air Quality System (AQS) site identification number; • Information showing how well each monitor’s siting and operating criteria met applicable regulatory requirements found in 40 CFR Part 58 - Appendices A (quality assurance), C (special purpose monitors), D (comparability of data to the NAAQS), and E (currently reserved); • Confirmation that data generated are or are not of suitable quality for comparison to the NAAQS, i.e., regulations that establish the ambient level(s) for each CP; • Required design value criteria, which are metrics used to determine how many pollutant monitors are required to operate within each CP network; • Three years of data from each monitor plus required statistical analyses; • The NAAQS compliance status of each CP and how MCAQD plans to review and address a violating monitor; • Any proposed changes, i.e., additions, relocations, and discontinuations to monitors, stations, and/or sites within the next 18 months; • Any proposed changes to the monitoring or analytical methods employed by the county’s surveillance system; • Any requests for waivers from specific air monitoring requirements; and • Public comments received regarding the draft AMNP and information regarding how MCAQD responded to the comments. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 7 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department The MCAQD first produces a draft AMNP and solicits public comments on the draft. Following the public comment period, the MCAQD amends the draft as needed. Then, the AMNP is sent to EPA R9 for review and approval, or disapproval. The EPA R9 completes the review process within 120 days of receiving the plan, and the EPA R9 Administrator, or their representative, must specifically approve the requests for network changes and waivers. If the plan is not approved, then the MCAQD addresses the concerns presented by EPA R9 personnel, and resubmits the revised plan. Once the plan is approved, MCAQD posts it on our website, and the EPA makes it available to other MOs through the EPA’s Ambient Monitoring Technology Information Center (AMTIC) website. The map below shows the location of MCAQD’s air monitoring sites discussed in this year’s plan (see Figure 1). Figure 1. 2015 Air Monitoring Site Map FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 8 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Overview of the Clean Air Act and Criteria Pollutants Between the years 1900 and 1970, the emission of the six criteria ambient air pollutants increased significantly. These pollutants occur throughout the U.S., and are known to cause health problems, property damage, and harm to the environment. This led to the Clean Air Act (CAA) being signed into law in 1970. The CAA, and its amendments, provides the framework for pertinent State/Local/Tribal (S/L/T) agencies to assess and protect air quality through an air monitoring program. The MCAQD monitors for all six CPs, which are: 1. Carbon monoxide (CO) 2. Lead (Pb) 3. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) used as the indicator compound 4. Ozone (O3) 5. Particulate matter ≤10 micrometers (PM10) and ≤2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) 6. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) The U.S. EPA regulates CPs using the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), which establish ambient levels for each CP using health and welfare-based criteria. There are two sets of standards. As per the CAA §109(b), the “primary” NAAQS are designed to provide an adequate margin of safety that is requisite to protecting public health. The “secondary” NAAQS are designed to protect public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects associated with the presence of a CP in the ambient air. The primary standards protect public health and secondary standards protect public welfare by preventing damage to property such as farm crops and buildings, visibility impairment in national parks and wilderness areas, and the protection of ecosystems. The NAAQS are not static. The CAA requires that they undergo periodic review using the most recent medical, epidemiological, physiological, and ecosystem research available. Historically, when a NAAQS level is changed; it is lowered and becomes more stringent, or “conservative”. Lowering a NAAQS level occurs when it is considered necessary to meet the CAA standards for protecting public health and welfare: The NAAQS review is a lengthy process that assesses the science upon which each NAAQS is based as well as the standard itself. The Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) provides independent advice to EPA concerning the need to change a standard. In addition, comments are solicited from the public. More information regarding the NAAQS review process is available at EPA’s website. The U.S. EPA’s Regional Offices oversee the enforcement of the CAA, and MCAQD falls under the jurisdiction of EPA R9. The U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) oversees the air monitoring program at a national level, leads regulatory and/or policy changes affecting air monitoring operations and quality requirements, and engages in the review of the NAAQS. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 9 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department The National Ambient Air Quality Standards The NAAQS are geared toward improving air quality in geographical areas where the current quality is unacceptable as well as preventing air quality deterioration in geographical areas where the air is relatively free of pollution. Table 1 shows a summary of the current primary and secondary standards for each CP. Since each CP has different health effects and environmental damage potential, the NAAQS level(s) are different for each pollutant. Some pollutants have standards for both long-term and short-term averaging times. The short-term standards are designed to protect against acute health effects, while the long-term standards are designed to protect against chronic health effects. Pollutant Table 1. National Ambient Air Quality Standards Standard Averaging Level Type Time 8 hours 9 ppm 1 hour 35 ppm Not to be exceeded more than once per year primary and secondary Rolling 3-month average 0.15 μg/m3 Not to be exceeded primary 1 hour 100 ppb 98th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum concentrations, averaged over 3 years primary and secondary 1 year 53 ppb Annual Mean primary and secondary 8 hours 0.070 ppm Annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour concentration, averaged over 3 years primary 1 year 12.0 μg/m3 annual mean, averaged over 3 years secondary 1 year 15.0 μg/m3 annual mean, averaged over 3 years primary and secondary 24 hours 35 μg/m3 98th percentile, averaged over 3 years primary and secondary 24 hours 150 μg/m primary 1 hour 75 ppb secondary 3 hours 0.5 ppm Carbon Monoxide (CO) primary Lead (Pb) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Ozone (O3) Particle Pollution (PM) PM2.5 PM10 Form Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 3 Not to be exceeded more than once per year on average over 3 years 99th percentile of 1-hour daily maximum concentrations, averaged over 3 years Not to be exceeded more than once per year Source: Adapted from the table shown: https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 10 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department The Air Quality Index To better communicate current CP health risks to the public, EPA developed the Air Quality Index (AQI), a health risk communication tool that converts CP concentrations into six health-impact related color-coded indices based upon the NAAQS. The AQI communicates air quality conditions using the graduated color scheme shown on Table 2. The AQI can be used to provide an overall air quality value by combining multiple CP concentrations as well as an air quality value for each CP. The AQI values change throughout the day based on the current data. Historically, NO2 did not have an AQI association; however, in 2015, we found that EPA has added an NO2 scale to the AQI calculator. The MCAQD website now shows AQI values for NO2. Developing AQIs was furthered over the past few years by continuous analyzers replacing many of their sampler predecessors; thereby making data available electronically as it is generated. Currently, many MOs, including MCAQD, provide near real-time CP data to their agency’s website and/or the EPA’s website. It is worth noting that the AQI and air quality forecasts are based on preliminary data, i.e., data that have not passed quality assurance (QA) tests. Occasionally, preliminary data may contain some error. Continuous air monitoring data helps air quality professionals gauge current, local air quality conditions. Air quality forecasters may provide projected AQI values for the next 24 to 48 hours so the public can better prepare for expected air quality conditions. For instance, members of the public may use the AQI values to reduce their exposure to air pollution and its associated health effects by modifying their daily activities. Table 2. The Air Quality Index Index Color Designation Air Quality Health Impact 0 – 50 Green Good No harmful effects expected. 51 – 100 Yellow Moderate Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion. 101 – 150 Orange Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Active children & adults, people with respiratory disease, e.g., asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion. 151 – 200 Red Unhealthy Everyone should observe caution. Avoid prolonged outdoor exertion. 201 – 300 Purple Very Unhealthy Avoid all outdoor exertion. Use extreme caution outdoors. 301 – 500 Maroon Hazardous Everyone should avoid all outdoor exertion. Source: 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix G – Uniform Air Quality Index (AQI) and Daily Reporting FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 11 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department The AQI is used throughout the U.S. and the EPA AIRNow website provides air pollution forecast maps for O3 and PM2.5, plus real-time air pollution maps with CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5 data for major metropolitan areas, including the Phoenix metropolitan area. Again, different colors on the map indicate health risks using pollutant concentrations. Figure 2 shows there is a moderate health risk due to O3 and PM2.5 within the yellow area and an increased risk for unhealthy or sensitive groups within the orange area. The MCAQD has participated in the AIRNow AQI program since 2001. The MCAQD, in cooperation with ADEQ and PCAQCD, expanded the area that the maps cover. This area now includes sites as far east as Queen Creek, as far south as Casa Grande, and as far west as Palo Verde. Figure 2. AIRNow AQI Forecast Map Source: EPA AIRNow Website Figure 3 shows the MCAQD website, which also provides AQI values for our local air monitoring sites in colored circles. Figure 3. Maricopa County’s AQI Map Source: MCAQD’s Air Quality Website FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 12 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Information Regarding the Causes, Characteristics, and Compliance of Criteria Pollutants Unless otherwise noted, the information regarding air pollutants in this section was compiled from various pages at the EPA’s Air and Radiation website. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas found in both outdoor and indoor air. Carbon monoxide is primarily formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, e.g., carbon-containing fuels, and the photochemical reactions of gases in the atmosphere. Concentrations of CO tend to peak in the colder, winter months. Carbon monoxide is produced by both natural and anthropogenic sources, aka, human activities. One of the more significant anthropogenic sources of CO is automobile exhaust. Concentrations of CO from motorized vehicles lowered considerably over the last two decades partly due to replacing carburetors with fuel injectors, which results in a more complete combustion of fuel. Natural, or biogenic, sources of CO emissions include volcanic emissions and smoke from wildfires. Smoke from tobacco, cooking, fireplaces, and woodstoves contribute to indoor exposure to CO. In Arizona, the primary sources of CO are exhaust from motor vehicles, electricity generation, industrial and commercial boilers, and household natural gas burning. Carbon monoxide can be a minor contributor to the formation of ground-level O3. Carbon monoxide enters the body through inhalation, and the body eliminates CO primarily through exhalation and to a lesser extent through metabolic activity. After being inhaled, CO enters the bloodstream and binds to the blood’s hemoglobin; thereby forming carboxy-hemoglobin that displaces oxygen (O2) in the blood. This reduces the blood’s capacity to carry O2 to organs and tissues and causes the body to become O2 deprived. This deprivation of O2 is called hypoxia. This can adversely affect those with anemia, because anemia already reduces the blood’s ability to carry O2. Exposure to CO can result in a type of cardiovascular disease called ischemic heart disease, especially for those with existing heart problems. The central nervous system is adversely affected by CO as well. Acute exposure to severely high levels of CO is toxic and potentially fatal, and its effects on the body are well-known and widely studied. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, severe acute poisoning can cause cardiac arrest, heart attack, seizers, hypotension, respiratory arrest, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, and coma. Moderate exposure may include many symptoms such as: confusion, chest pain, and weakness. Mild exposure may lead to symptoms that include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and blurred vision. In 1971 EPA established identical primary and secondary standards for CO: an 8-hour primary standard at 9 parts per million (ppm) and 1-hour primary standard at 35 ppm. The EPA has reviewed the CO NAAQS several times since 1971, which led to the secondary standard being revoked in 1985. The primary standard levels have not changed to date, and currently, CO concentrations nationwide are substantially lower than the CO NAAQS. In 2015, Maricopa County achieved its 20th consecutive year of compliance with the 8-hour CO standard. This general information was supplemented by the EPA OAQPS Health and Environmental Impacts Division’s publication the Quantitative Risk and Exposure Assessment for Carbon Monoxide – Amended July 2010, which was produced for the 2010 CO NAAQS review. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 13 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Lead (Pb) Lead is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in the environment and it is used in manufactured products. The major sources of Pb emissions have historically been motor vehicles and industrial sources. In the early 1970s, EPA established national regulations to reduce the Pb content in gasoline, gradually. In 1975, unleaded gasoline was introduced for motor vehicles equipped with catalytic converters. The EPA banned the use of leaded gasoline in “highway motor vehicles” in December 1995. A highway vehicle includes, but is not necessarily limited to passenger vehicles propelled by their own motor, whether such motor is powered by gasoline, diesel fuel, special motor fuels, electricity, or otherwise. As a result of EPA’s regulatory efforts to remove Pb from gasoline, levels of Pb into the air decreased by 94 percent between 1980 and 1999. Levels of airborne Pb in Maricopa County were drastically reduced starting with the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Since Pb concentrations were consistently well below the NAAQS, Maricopa County was allowed to discontinue monitoring for airborne Pb in 1997; although monitoring has resumed today, see below. Due to the phase-out of leaded gasoline, metals processing is the major source of lead emissions to the air today. The highest levels of Pb in air are generally found near lead smelters. General aviation airports are also a significant source of Pb, as general aviation fuel still contains Pb additives. Other stationary sources include waste incinerators, utilities, and Pb-acid battery manufacturers. Exposure to Pb has an array of adverse health effects. Once taken into the body, Pb distributes throughout the body in the blood and accumulates in the bones. Depending on the level of exposure, Pb can adversely affect the nervous system, kidney function, immune system, reproductive and developmental systems, and the cardiovascular system. Lead exposure also affects the O2 carrying capacity of the blood. Currently, the foremost health effects associated with Pb exposure to children are neurological and for adults cardiovascular, e.g., high blood pressure and heart disease. Infants and young children are especially sensitive to even low levels of Pb, which may contribute to behavioral problems, learning deficits, and lowered IQ. Lead is persistent in the environment and accumulates in soils and sediments through deposition from air sources, direct discharge of waste streams to water bodies, mining, and erosion. Ecosystems near Pb point-sources demonstrate a wide range of adverse effects including losses in biodiversity, changes in community composition, decreased growth and reproductive rates in plants and animals, and neurological effects in vertebrates. In 2008, the Pb primary standard was revised to better protect public health, especially for “sensitive” populations, which include asthmatics, children, and the elderly. Initially, Pb monitoring was required near sources that emitted more than one ton of Pb per year. With the introduction of the revised NAAQS, Pb monitoring was initially required at NCORE stations around the U.S. and near other potential sources of Pb. ADEQ operates the local NCORE station, the JLG Supersite. In July 2010, MCAQD opened a new Pb monitoring site at Deer Valley Airport, one of the busiest general aviation airports in Maricopa County and the largest expected source of Pb emissions. Results from more than five years of monitoring have shown that ambient levels of Pb at the airport are still well below the current Pb NAAQS. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 14 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) with Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) as the Indicator Compound Nitrogen dioxide belongs to a family of reactive gases called NOx. These gases are formed when fuel is burned at high temperatures, and they are primarily emitted from motor vehicle exhaust and power plants. Nitrogen oxides are key compounds in the production of ground-level ozone (O3). Nitrogen dioxide has been selected by EPA as the “indicator” compound for NOx. Unlike the other gaseous CPs, we measure the ambient levels of NOx indirectly. The analytical process involves determining the concentration of NO2, then nitric oxide (NO). The NO2 and NO concentrations are summed to determine the NOX concentration. For most of the population, the primary route of NO2 entry into the body is inhalation. Current scientific evidence links short-term NO2 exposures, ranging from 30 minutes to 24 hours, with adverse respiratory effects including airway inflammation in healthy people and increased respiratory symptoms in people with asthma. Studies show a connection between breathing elevated short-term NOx concentrations and increased visits to emergency rooms and hospital admissions for respiratory issues, especially asthma. Additionally, NO2 reacts with ammonia, moisture, and other compounds to form small nitrate particles. These small particles penetrate deeply into sensitive parts of the lungs and can cause or worsen respiratory disease, such as emphysema and bronchitis. They can aggravate existing heart disease, leading to increased hospital admissions and premature death, too. In 1971, EPA established the first primary and secondary standards for NO2 at 53 ppb, averaged annually. EPA reviewed the standards in 1985 and 1996, and chose not to revise either standard. In January 2010, EPA retained the 1971 standards and added a 1-hour average limit of 100 ppb to the primary standard, determined as a three-year average of the annual 98th percentile value. Research indicates that individuals who spend time on or near major roadways can experience acute exposures to NO2 concentrations that are considerably higher than those measured by the NO2 network are. Research by the EPA shows that NO2 concentrations inside vehicles can be 2-3 times higher than those measured at nearby area-wide monitors. “Near-roadway” e.g., within about 50 meters, NO2 concentrations have been found to be approximately 30 to 100% higher than ambient concentrations away from roadways. For this reason, in February 2010 the EPA revised 1-hour NO2 NAAQS and promulgated requirements for monitoring NO2 at near-roadway stations in larger urban areas. To ensure compliance with the new 1-hour NO2 standard, AMD now operates two required NO2 near-road monitoring stations: one at the Diablo site and the other at the Thirty-Third site, which is located off I-10 and 33rd Avenue, west of downtown Phoenix. The Thirty-Third site opened in September of 2015. There were no exceedances of the 1-hour or annual NO2 NAAQS standards in 2015. Maricopa County is currently in attainment for the NO2 1971 and 2010 NAAQS. In fact, no area within the U.S. is in nonattainment with the NO2 NAAQS. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 15 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Ozone (O3) Ozone is a colorless, slightly odorous, reactive gas containing three oxygen atoms. Ozone occurs naturally in the Earth’s upper atmosphere, or the stratosphere, where it has a beneficial effect of protecting us from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays. However, at ground-level, it is the main component of smog, can harm our health, and affect vegetation and ecosystems. Ozone is not directly emitted into the air, but is formed by a complex photochemical reaction that involves sunlight, heat, and a “soup” of pollutants, especially volatile organic compounds (VOC) and NOx. Ozone is continually going through a rapid, natural cycle of being formed, then converted back to the more stable, or “normal”, “diatomic” oxygen molecule (O2). Anthropogenic activities have been a leading cause of ground-level O3 due to VOC and NOx emissions from industrial facilities, electric utilities, motor vehicles, gasoline and chemical solvent vapors. Ozone is likely to reach unhealthy levels on hot, sunny days in urban environments, but it can affect rural areas by being transported long distances by wind. Although the Phoenix metropolitan area has sunshine most of the year, there is a seasonal pattern to O3 concentrations with lower concentrations occurring in the winter months. Ozone causes significant physiological and pathological changes in both animals and humans at concentrations present in many urban environments. Ozone affects the respiratory system in people and animals, and it also affects the growth of plants. The primary route of entry into the body is inhalation. Symptoms of O3 exposure generally involve the lungs, and can include coughing, a sore or scratchy throat, shortness of breath, chest pain on deep inhalations, increases in asthma attacks, and damage to the lungs. The population at the greatest risk is children. This is because their lungs are still developing, they are more likely to be active outdoors when O3 levels are high, and they are more likely to have asthma than adults are. It has been widely documented that O3 even at low concentrations causes damage to plants and reduces crop yields, resulting in it being considered by plant scientists as the most important phytotoxic air pollutant. In 1979, EPA reduced the 1971 1-hour primary and secondary O3 NAAQS level of 0.08 ppm to 0.012 ppm. In 1997, EPA revised the O3 NAAQS establishing an 8-hour NAAQS at a level of 0.08 ppm. Since Maricopa County has attained the 1979 1-hour standard, EPA revoked the 1979 1-hour NAAQS for the Phoenix-Mesa nonattainment area in 2005. In addition, the Phoenix-Mesa nonattainment area for the 1997 8-hour O3 NAAQS is now in attainment and was redesignated as “attainment” by EPA for this standard effective October 17, 2014. In March 2008, the NAAQS were lowered again to better protect public health and welfare. The EPA reduced the primary and secondary 8-hour O3 NAAQS from 0.080 to 0.075 ppm (75 ppb). Compliance with the standard is determined by averaging the fourth highest 8-hour average over a 3year period, which must be less than or equal to 0.075 ppm. When the 2008 NAAQS became effective in May 2008, O3 concentrations in the County had improved, but exceeded the new level. This led to EPA designating portions of Maricopa and Pinal Counties as nonattainment for the 2008 O3 NAAQS in 2012. Excluding portions of Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona is currently in attainment for the 2012 O3 NAAQS. In December 2015, the O3 NAAQS levels were lowered to 0.070 ppm. More information regarding how this lower level may affect the number of O3 exceedances experienced in Maricopa County can be found in the 2015 NAAQS Exceedance and Violation Summary section. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 16 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Particulate Matter (PM) Particulate matter is a collective term describing very small solid or liquid particles that vary considerably in size, geometry, chemical composition, and physical properties. Numerous chemical components may be present in particle pollution including acids, nitrates, sulfates, organic chemicals, metals, soils, and finer dust particles. Particulates can be formed by natural processes, such as pollen production and wind erosion, and anthropogenic activities, such as commercial/industrial/agricultural operations and motor vehicle use. Particulates contribute to visibility reduction, pose a threat to public health, and cause economic damage. The EPA currently regulates PM pollution using two size categories: • “PM10”, particles with size range ≤10 micrometers (µm) in aerometric diameter; and • “PM2.5”, aka “fine particles”, particles with a size range of ≤2.5 µm in aerometric diameter. The larger particles that make up PM10 form through mechanical processes such as the grinding of matter and the atomization of liquids, natural weathering processes, and anthropogenic activities that disturb soil. In Arizona, elevated concentrations of PM10 are associated with people driving on unpaved roads, dusty industries, and dust storms related to high wind events. Fine particulates are formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, the condensation of vapors, and photochemical processes. Fine particulates are further classified as “primary”, meaning they are produced within and emitted directly from a source such as exhaust from a diesel engine or smoke from a fire. “Secondary” particulates form in the atmosphere from gaseous pollutants. Nitrates and sulfates are formed by the photochemical oxidation of gaseous NO2 and SO2, respectively. In addition, secondary organic carbon particles form through a photochemical transformation of gaseous organic compounds. The primary route of entry for PM10 into the body is through inhalation. The size, shape, and chemical composition of particulates determine the health effects that may result from PM exposures. The potential for causing health problems is directly linked to particle size. Smaller particles are more toxic than larger particles because of the higher relative content of toxic metals and ions combined with the increase of particle surface area. The EPA is concerned about particles ≤10 µm in diameter, because those are the particles that generally pass through the throat and nose and enter the lungs. Coarser particles are deposited in the upper parts of the respiratory system, but finer particles are deposited deeper into the respiratory system. Fine particles are small enough to be deposited in the lung’s alveoli, which are tiny air sacks deep inside the lungs. Some research shows that the smallest of particles may enter the bloodstream as well. Currently, research is underway to better understand the health effects of ultrafine particles. The populations most at risk from particulate exposure are older adults, diabetics, and children; because children tend to be more physically active and that causes them to breath faster and deeper. Once inhaled, these particles can cause serious heart and lung health effects that affect both humans and animals. Epidemiological studies show that long-term, chronic exposures, i.e., years of exposure to high levels of particulates, are associated with reduced lung function, the development of chronic bronchitis, and premature death. Studies show that short-term, acute exposures, i.e., hours to days of exposure to high levels of particulates, can aggravate lung disease, asthma attacks, acute bronchitis, and may increase susceptibility of respiratory infections. For those with heart disease, it can induce FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 17 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department heart attacks. Exposure to acidic aerosols, i.e., acidic particles with an aerometric diameter of about 0.01 – 100 µm, have been linked to the upper respiratory tract and pulmonary system’s inability to remove harmful particles. In 1987, the EPA replaced the 1971 Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), i.e., particles around 40 µm and less in aerometric diameter, with the primary and secondary NAAQS for PM10. The EPA revoked the annual PM10 NAAQS in 2006. Currently, the 24-hour primary and secondary levels for PM10 are both 150 µg/m3. In 2012, the PM10 NAAQS underwent review with exposure to PM10-2.5 also being considered. This review resulted in EPA retaining the existing primary and secondary 24-hour PM10 NAAQS, which is considered to provide for protection against effects associated with acute exposure to PM10-2.5. In 1997, the EPA reviewed and updated the PM2.5 NAAQS levels. Since then, these NAAQS have been reviewed in 2006 and 2012 with some levels being made more stringent. On December 14, 2012, EPA retained the primary 24-hour PM2.5 standard of 35.0 µg/m3, but reduced the primary and secondary NAAQS annual PM2.5 level to 12.0 µg/m3 and 15.0 µg/m3, respectively. While Maricopa County is currently in attainment for PM2.5, we tend to experience 24-hour exceedances during the colder, winter months, especially from Thanksgiving into January. In colder months, smoke from residential fireplaces coupled with the temperature inversions tends to drive up PM2.5 concentrations throughout the metropolitan area. To address this problem, ADEQ and Maricopa County worked together on a public outreach campaign to reduce wood burning within the county around the fall/winter holidays. Maricopa County’s umbrella dust abatement rule, Rule 310 – Fugitive Dust From Dust-Generating Operations, has been revised many times through the years. Rule 310 regulates construction dust, trackout dust, and dust from unpaved parking and vacant lots. The recent PM10 State Implementation Plan (SIP) includes seventy-seven new measures to enhance enforcement of the rule, implementation of agricultural best management practices, diesel engine replacement and retirement programs, and requirements for cleaner burning fireplaces to further reduce PM2.5 emissions. The western U.S. has a unique problem with respect to exceedances of the PM NAAQS. It has been acknowledged for decades that exceedances of the PM NAAQS due to blowing dust and smoke from massive wildfires may be “exceptional” in nature, i.e., not expected to recur or caused by acts of nature that overwhelm emission controls. Initially by policy, and later by rule, EPA established procedures and standards for documenting whether an exceedance of the NAAQS is the result of an “exceptional event” (EE) and if the pollutant data should be excluded from NAAQS compliance determinations. In 2007, EPA adopted the Treatment of Data Influenced by Exceptional Events (EER) rule that covers how to prepare an EE package for EPA’s review and how to manage event-related data. In the past few years, most exceedances of the PM10 NAAQS within Maricopa County have been successfully shown to meet the EE requirements. Exceptional event information for 2013-2015 is shown in the 2015 Summary of Network Results and Required Information section. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 18 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a pungent irritating odor at elevated concentrations. It is emitted primarily from the burning high-sulfur coal, oil, and diesel fuel, and the smelting of metals like copper. Most fuels contain trace quantities of sulfur. When fuels burn, both gaseous SO2 and sulfate particles are released into the air due to incomplete combustion of the fuel. Consequently, separating the health effects of these two chemicals is difficult. Together, SO2 and PM2.5 act separately and together to threaten public health and can make up a major portion of pollution in many cities. Sulfur dioxide is removed from the atmosphere through dry deposition on plants, and it is converted to sulfuric acid, and eventually sulfate particles. Both contribute to public health problems and negatively affect the environment. The SO2 and sulfate from vehicular emissions have been significantly reduced over the years through lowering the sulfur content in diesel fuel and gasoline. Sulfur dioxide’s primary route of entry into the body is by inhalation. It contributes to respiratory illness, particularly in children and the elderly, and aggravates existing heart and lung diseases. Sulfur dioxide contributes to the formation of acid rain, and it contributes to the formation of atmospheric particles that cause visibility impairment, most notably in national parks. Sulfur dioxide and the pollutants formed from SO2, such as sulfate particles, can be transported over long distances and deposited far from the point of origin. This means that problems associated with SO2 are not confined to areas where it is emitted. The EPA 2011 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) report shows the estimated quantity of SO2 emitted from various sources in Arizona and in Maricopa County. The majority of statewide SO2 emissions occurs in eastern Arizona and is produced by coal-based electricity generation, the smelting of nonferrous sulfide copper ore, and smoke from wildfires. Major controls were installed in Arizona’s copper smelters in the 1980s, which reduced SO2 emissions substantially. In addition, most of the copper ore smelters that used to operate have been shutdown, which reduced SO2 emissions in localized areas around the state. As of 2013, the only regulated smelters operating in Arizona are located about 90 miles east of downtown Phoenix, in Miami and Hayden, Arizona. In Maricopa County, the majority of SO2 is emitted from mobile and industrial sources. Currently, Maricopa County is in attainment for SO2. The AMD operates two year-round SO2 monitoring stations, and the siting of SO2 monitors meets EPA requirements. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 19 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department AIR MONITORING STRATEGIES AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM DESIGN Overview of the Criteria Pollutant Networks The AMD monitors for the six CPs by operating and maintaining 26 ambient air monitoring sites located throughout Maricopa County. The sites’ startup dates range from 1961 for Central Phoenix to 2015 for Thirty-Third. Land use patterns around the sites vary from densely populated urban areas to sparsely populated rural settings. The sites’ elevations range from 845 feet above sea level at Buckeye to 5190 feet above sea level at the top of Humboldt Mountain. Each site and its pollutant monitors were chosen based on specific EPA requirements as described below, special requests from EPA, and/or specific needs of the County. Some sites measure many pollutants, while others may only measure one or two. The requirements for operating the ambient air monitoring program are found in both 40 CFR Parts 50 & 58. The MCAQD has been designated as a Primary Quality Assurance Organization (PQAO) by EPA R9 for the ambient air monitoring program, which basically means that we do not share QA roles and/or responsibilities with another MO. The MCAQD is fully responsible for designing and operating the air monitoring surveillance system and managing the pollutant data generated. However, MOs within Arizona may provide support to each other by exchanging technical services and/or knowledge when problems arise with instrumentation or special studies are conducted. This section details how each pollutant’s air monitoring network is designed to obtain “representative” data. In addition to producing this AMNP, EPA now requires a five-year network assessment as per 40 CFR § 58.10. The 5-year assessment is best served by collaborating with EPA, ADEQ, and other local and/or tribal agencies. The first assessment was produced in 2010 and the second was produced in 2015. The assessment process continues to improve, and MCAQD works with other MOs regarding CP network design issues as needed. Basic Monitoring Objectives Each ambient air monitor must have a designated basic monitoring objective from the list below. The three objectives are not listed based on importance or priority. Each objective is important and must be considered individually. 1. Provide air pollution data to the general public in a timely manner. Data can be presented to the public in a number of attractive ways including: air quality maps, newspapers, MOs and EPA websites, and as part of weather forecasts and public advisories. 2. Support compliance with the NAAQS and developing emission control strategies. To determine compliance with the NAAQS and to develop state and/or federal attainment and maintenance plans, only data collected by EPA-approved methods can be used. The EPA classifies approved methods into one of three categories: a federal reference method (FRM), a federal equivalent method (FEM), or an approved regional method (ARM). The MCAQD only uses FRM and FEM instruments. This practice ensures high-quality data of like kind are used for compliance-driven decisions. However, additional data from research monitors can be provided to further evaluate regional air quality models used in developing emission control strategies, tracking trends in air pollution, and evaluating the impact control measures are having on improving air quality. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 20 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department 3. Support air pollution research studies geared toward assessing health effects, atmospheric processes, or future monitoring methods in development. In addition to data collected by FRM and FEM monitors, MCAQD may produce other data for special studies as well. These data can be made available for decision makers; but they are not reported to AQS. In Maricopa County, EPA R9 has charged ADEQ with collecting the majority of research data at JLG Supersite via the following networks: National Core multi-pollutant site (NCORE), Photochemical Ambient Monitoring Stations (PAMS), Chemical Speciation Network (CSN), and National Air Toxics Trends Stations (NATTS). The ADEQ also collects air toxics samples for the Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program (UATMP) at MCAQD’s South Phoenix site. The data from these networks should be available in AQS. Monitor Type The monitor type is based upon how the data will be used and how long the monitor will remain in operation. There are three basic monitor types: 1. State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) monitors 2. Special Purpose Monitors (SPM) 3. Potentially Significant Deterioration (PSD) monitors State and Local Air Monitoring Station (SLAMS) The vast majority of MCAQD’s air monitoring network is comprised of SLAMS, which gather data for comparison to the NAAQS. The SLAMS are ambient air monitors that generate data needed for NAAQS comparisons, but may serve other data purposes as well. The SLAMS include near-road, NCORE, and PAMS air monitors. Data from SPM or PSD monitors may be used toward compliance if exceedances of the NAAQS are recorded. Currently, AMD does not operate any PSD monitors. Special Purpose Monitor (SPM) As defined by 40 CFR Part 58, an SPM means a monitor included in an MO’s network that has been designated as a special purpose in its monitoring network plan and in the AQS. The MO does not count an SPM toward showing compliance with the minimum quantity of pollutant monitors needed within the network, nor must they meet rigorous QA, siting, or other requirements as needed for a SLAMS monitor. Often SPMs are used to quickly gather and report preliminary information regarding air quality in a local area. It is important to reference EPA’s requirements regarding the operation of an SPM monitor. If an SPM station uses an FRM, FEM, or an ARM method and meets the SLAMS siting requirements in 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix E, then the removal may require EPA approval. Removal depends upon the particular CP concentrations recorded and how long the monitor has been operating. Usually, if the SPM operates for more than two years, removing it will need prior approval by EPA. In the event of a geographical area’s population increasing or data indicating a SLAMS is more appropriate, an SPM may be reclassified to SLAMS and potentially outfitted with a different method. In 2015, MCAQD operated two SPMs in support of the winter holiday PM2.5 chemical speciation study. A CO and PM2.5 SPM operated from September through December 2015 at the Thirty-Third monitoring site. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 21 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Site Type To support the three basic monitor objectives, a CP network must be designed with a variety of air monitoring “site types”. Although site types vary within each pollutant’s network, they must be identified as one of the six types shown below. The site type is key to informing air quality professionals and the public about the peak air pollution levels. The site types are shown on Table 3. Table 3. General Site Types Determine the highest concentrations expected to occur in the area covered by the network. Measure typical concentrations in areas of high population density (population exposure). Determine the impact of significant sources or source categories on air quality. Determine general background concentration levels. Determine the extent of regional pollutant transport among populated areas and in support of secondary standards. Measure air pollution impacts on visibility, vegetation damage, or other welfare-based impacts. Source: Adapted from 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix D Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scales of Representativeness) The concept of the “spatial scale of representativeness” was created to help link the monitoring objective and the site type with the physical location of a monitor. As per 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix D 1.2 (a) and (b), “The goal in locating air monitors is to correctly match the spatial scale represented by the sample of monitored air with the spatial scale most appropriate for the monitoring site type, air pollutant to be measured and the monitoring objective. Spatial Scale of representativeness is described in terms of physical dimension of the air parcel nearest to a monitoring site throughout which actual pollutant concentrations are reasonably similar”. There are six scales of representativeness that are of most interest for air monitoring site types (see Table 4). Table 4. Monitoring Scales (Spatial Scales of Representativeness) Name Distance Micro Scale 0 to 100 meters Middle Scale 100 to 500 meters Neighborhood Scale 0.5 to 4 kilometers Urban Scale 4 to 50 kilometers Regional Scale 10 to 100s of kilometers National and Global Scales Characterizing the nation and the globe as a whole. Source: Adapted from 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix D, 1.2 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 22 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Locating Air Monitoring Sites Since it is physically and fiscally impossible to monitor air quality in every location, the goal in locating monitors is to correctly integrate each monitor’s objective and corresponding site type with the spatial scale of representativeness most appropriate for the air pollutant to be measured. For example, consider the case where the objective is to determine NAAQS compliance by understanding the maximum O3 concentrations for an area. Such areas would most likely be located downwind of a metropolitan area in a suburban residential area where children and other susceptible individuals are likely to be outdoors. Sites located in these areas are most likely to represent an urban scale of measurement. In this example, the site and monitor’s physical location was selected by considering O3 precursor emission patterns, public activity, and meteorological characteristics that affect O3 formation and dispersion. Thus, spatial scale of representativeness was not used in the site selection process, but was a result of the selection process. When applying these principles, the total quantity of monitoring sites that will serve the variety of data needs is often substantially higher than federal minimum requirements. The optimal size of each pollutant’s network involves compromises among data needs and available resources; and, a network’s size can change over time. Each pollutant’s network must be dynamic enough to maintain a current representative sampling of the air quality. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 23 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Overview of the Air Monitoring Sites Maricopa County has a population of over 3.9 million people based on the 2012 U.S. Census estimate. As per 40 CFR Part 58, the EPA mandates the minimum quantity of monitors required by a pollutant’s network to properly represent the County’s population. As previously mentioned, the MCAQD pollutant networks are designed using the concept of spatial scale representativeness and monitoring objectives. This has resulted in CP networks that meet, and in most cases exceed, the minimum quantity of monitors required by EPA (see “Required General Information on Monitoring Network” in Appendix II). The 26 monitoring sites operating in 2015 are shown again on Figure 4. Figure 4. 2015 Air Monitoring Site Map FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 24 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department The following tables show details regarding each site’s MCAQD name and abbreviation, EPA’s AQS identification number, geographic coordinates, and the full complement of air monitors and/or sensors at each site. Table 5 shows the MCAQD’s site names, abbreviations, and the AQS identification number. Table 5. Maricopa County Ambient Air Monitoring Sites for 2015. Name AMD Abbreviation AQS ID Blue Point BP 04-013-9702 Buckeye BE 04-013-4011 Cave Creek CC 04-013-4008 Central Phoenix CP 04-013-3002 Deer Valley DV 04-013-4018 Diablo DI 04-013-4019 Durango Complex DC 04-013-9812 Dysart DY 04-013-4010 Falcon Field FF 04-013-1010 Fountain Hills FH 04-013-9704 Glendale GL 04-013-2001 Greenwood GR 04-013-3010 *Higley HI 04-013-4006 Humboldt Mountain HM 04-013-9508 Mesa ME 04-013-1003 North Phoenix NP 04-013-1004 Pinnacle Peak PP 04-013-2005 Rio Verde RV 04-013-9706 South Phoenix SP 04-013-4003 South Scottsdale SS 04-013-3003 *Tempe TE 04-013-4005 Thirty-Third TT 04-013-4020 West Chandler WC 04-013-4004 West 43 Ave. WF 04-013-4009 West Phoenix WP 04-013-0019 rd Zuni Hills ZH 04-013-4016 * This site experienced an extended monitoring interruption in 2015. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 25 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Table 6 shows the specific geographic coordinates for the location of each site. Table 6. Location of Air Monitoring Sites Site AQS Code Latitude Longitude Location BP 04-013-9702 33.54549 -111.60925 Usery Pass & Bush Hwy BE 04-013-4011 33.37005 -112.62070 MC Hwy 85 & AZ Hwy 85 CC 04-013-4008 33.82169 -112.01739 32nd St. & Carefree Hwy CP 04-013-3002 33.45793 -112.04601 19th St & Roosevelt St. DV 04-013-4018 33.684627 -112.08635 10th Ave. & Deer Valley Rd. DC 04-013-9812 33.42650 -112.11814 27th Ave. & Durango St. DY 04-013-4010 33.63713 -112.34184 Bell Rd. & Dysart Rd. DI 04-013-4019 33.39625 -111.96797 Fairmont Dr. & Diablo Way FF 04-013-1010 33.45223 -111.73331 McKellips Rd. & Greenfield Rd. FH 04-013-9704 33.61103 -111.72529 E. Palisades Blvd. & Fountain Hills Blvd. GL 04-013-2001 33.57454 -112.19196 59th Ave & W. Olive Ave. GR 04-013-3010 33.46093 -112.11748 27th Ave. & Interstate 10 HI 04-013-4006 33.31074 -111.72255 Higley Rd. & Chandler Blvd. HM 04-013-9508 33.98280 -111.79870 Top of Humboldt Mountain ME 04-013-1003 33.41045 -111.86507 Broadway Rd. & Alma School Rd. NP 04-013-1004 33.56033 -112.06626 7th Street & Dunlap Ave. PP 04-013-2005 33.70632 -111.85556 Alma School Rd. & Happy Valley Rd. RV 04-013-9706 33.71881 -111.67183 Forest Rd. & Del Ray Ave. SP 04-013-4003 33.40316 -112.07533 Central Ave. & Broadway Rd. SS 04-013-3003 33.47968 -111.91721 Scottsdale Rd. & Miller Rd. TE 04-013-4005 33.4124 -111.93473 College Ave. & Apache Blvd. TT 04-013-4020 33.46155 -112.12815 Interstate 10 & 33rd Avenue WC 04-013-4004 33.29898 -111.88431 Ellis St. & Frye Rd. WF 04-013-4009 33.40642 -112.14434 43rd Ave. & Broadway Rd. WP 04-013-0019 33.48385 -112.14257 39th Ave. & Earll Dr. ZH 04-013-4016 33.68673 -112.29417 109th Ave & Deer Valley Rd. Source: AQS Report - AMP 380 “Site Description Report” FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 26 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Table 7 provides the complement of air monitoring instruments operating at each site in 2015. Table 7. Air Monitoring Instruments by Site Maricopa County - 2015 Air Monitoring Site Instrumentation Site AQS Code BE 04-013-4011 BP 04-013-9702 CC 04-013-4008 CP 04-013-3002 DC 04-013-9812 DI 04-013-4019 DV 04-013-4017 DY 04-013-4010 FF 04-013-1010 FH 04-013-9704 GL 04-013-2001 GR 04-013-3010 HI 04-013-4006 HM 04-013-9508 ME 04-013-1003 MM# Not Applicable NP 04-013-1004 PP 04-013-2005 RV 04-013-9706 SP 04-013-4003 SS 04-013-3003 TE 04-013-4005 TT 04-013-4020 WC 04-013-4004 WF 04-013-4009 WP 04-013-0019 ZH 04-013-4016 Active Instruments CO NO2 1 * 1 1 1 1 O3 1 1 1 1 SO2 PM10 PM2.5 PM2.5 Pb Filter Filter H2S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 * 1 1 * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * 1 * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * * * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * 1 1 1 1 15 7 18 3 1 1 1 1 17 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 * = seasonal monitor special purpose monitor temporarily closed MM# = Mobile Monitoring Truck (Intermittent Monitoring) FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan 1 Page 27 of 205 2 1 WS / Baro Delta Amb Rel Solar Multi-Gas Active Rain Room WD Press T Temp Hum Rad Cal Instruments 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 26 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 18 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 26 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 17 2 2 26 8 # of Criteria Pollutant Monitors Total # of Active Instruments Number of Active Sites Mobile Truck Maricopa County Air Quality Department 10 5 6 10 9 8 7 8 5 6 9 8 6 5 9 13 10 6 2 9 8 9 7 8 6 12 3 73 204 26 1 2015 SUMMARY OF NETWORK RESULTS AND REQUIRED INFORMATION Determining Data Quality and Acceptability This sections details the results obtained from our 2015 monitoring year. The EPA has established data quality and measurement quality objectives for CP data. In addition to 40 CFR Part 58, the EPA QA Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems: “Volume II: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Program provides extensive information regarding the quality system and its components. There are seven data quality indicators (DQI) established by the EPA to determine the quality of ambient air data. Data must meet each indicator’s requirement to be certified and acceptable for use by decision makers for NAAQS compliance determinations, researchers, and the public. These indicators are precision, bias, completeness, comparability, detectability, representativeness, and sensitivity. “Timeliness” of data collection, validation, and upload to AQS is important as well. “Accuracy” is now defined as a measure of the overall agreement of a measurement to a known value and includes a combination of random error (precision) and systematic error (bias) components of both sampling and analytical operations. The AMD’s personnel evaluate data using these indicators, with precision, bias, and completeness being the most crucial to evaluate on an ongoing basis. Data Completeness Before any data set can be considered valid, it must first pass a data recovery, or completeness, test. The test requirements begin with checking completeness at hourly and 24-hour concentration values. These values may be referred to as “samples”. The CP pollutant data measurements from continuous analyzers are based on a valid hour, while filter samples from manual samplers are based on a 24-hour sampling period from midnight to midnight. Equation 1 shows the calculation for the data completeness percentage, which is the quantity of valid measurements divided by the quantity of scheduled measurements multiplied by one-hundred. For CP data, completeness must be greater than 75% for a data set to pass the first validity test. Furthermore, CP data completeness requirements may vary and use multiple levels of data aggregation, e.g., 1-hour, 3-hour, 8-hour, 24-hour, quarterly, annual, and multiple years. Equation 1: Data Completeness Percentage = Qty. of Valid Measurements Qty. of Measurements Scheduled X 100 The 2015 annual data completeness is shown in Table 8. Table 8. 2015 Criteria Pollutant Data Completeness for SLAMS Percent Complete CO Pb O3 NO2 SO2 PM2.5 PM10 TOTAL 98.8 88.5 98.6 98.0 98.0 97.1 98.4 98.0 Source: EPA AQS database - 2015 AQS Data Completeness Report (AMP 430) FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 28 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Increasing Data Volumes Due to increasing data requirements and the availability of FEM analyzers, the amount of data the AMD produces increased considerably over the past few years. Operating and maintaining the various components of each air monitoring network is an ongoing challenge. To remain current with EPA’s requirements and to meet decision makers and researchers’ data needs, AMD personnel adjust standard operating procedures according to EPA’s latest requirements and/or guidance to ensure only highquality data are being produced. In addition to the increased amount of CP data generated and managed, supporting components of the surveillance system such as the communications system to the sites and the database used for data management also need continuing upgrades. So far, AMD has managed to make significant program changes to keep up with the increasing demand for data. By automating some processes, we have been able to successfully respond to data needs without increases to personnel. The following information summarizes a few notable changes that have been implemented to date. • The commercial database, AirVision™, has enhanced our ability to manage the increase in data volume. It has helped to advance data validation and dissemination, as well as data retrieval/storage/security. The database must be maintained and updated regularly to keep up with software changes involving data collection, validation, and reporting to AQS. • AirVision™ also allows AMD personnel to perform multiple data checks throughout the workday to help prevent bad data from being released to the public via the County and EPA’s websites. In addition, it is used to upload preliminary data to the MC website as close as possible to real-time. • A Rapid Response Notification System (RRNS) was implemented to better manage quicklydeveloping pollution events. The RRNS uses automated alarms to monitor instrument performance and incoming pollutant concentrations. The triggering instrument warning and pollutant concentration levels can be adjusted as needed for each alarm. The AirVision™ database is programmed to automatically generate these alerts. Table 9 shows the amount of 1-hour data AMD has been producing per year, plus the near eightfold increase of data produced when AMD started collecting 5-minute data. Table 9. Approximate Amount of 2015 Data Produced Type 1-Hour CP Data 1-Hour CP and Met Data 1-Hour, 5-minute and 24hour CP and Met Data Amount 550,000 1,010,000 14,650,000 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 29 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Summary of Data Produced by the Criteria Pollutant Networks This section covers the 2015 data generated by each CP’s network. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Figure 5. 2015 CO Monitoring Site Map There are two primary standard levels for CO: an 8-hour average of 9 ppm and a 1-hour average of 35 ppm. A violation of either standard is based on two exceedances in a calendar year. Since CO concentrations have been significantly lower than the 1-hour level for many years, we have not included this metric on Table 10. It is worth noting that the area has not exceeded the CO NAAQS since 1996. The Phoenix metropolitan area was once designated as being in moderate nonattainment for CO for the 1971 primary NAAQS. A nonattainment SIP was developed by ADEQ that covered how to reduce and maintain CO concentrations. The area failed to reach attainment by the end of 1995, which caused EPA to reclassify the area to serious nonattainment in 1996, with a new attainment date of December 31, 2000. In response, the Governor's Office, Legislature, Maricopa County, and other entities worked cooperatively to find ways to reduce CO that included implementing innovative programs such as a nationally recognized, enhanced vehicle emissions inspection program, a cleaner burning gasoline program, pollution reduction measures for commercial and industrial sources, and woodburning FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 30 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department restrictions. As a result, CO concentrations declined and data showed that the area had reached attainment with the 8-hour primary NAAQS. In April 2005, the EPA redesignated the Phoenix metropolitan area to attainment for CO and approved the attainment demonstration and maintenance plan, which shows how the area will maintain compliance with the CO NAAQS through 2015. However, Maricopa County must continue to show that the air quality is maintaining compliance with the NAAQS for a period of 20 years from the attainment determination. The area is now covered by a 10-year maintenance SIP that is renewed in its 8th year for the next 10-year maintenance SIP. Since we are now in maintenance/attainment, the majority of CO monitors can operate seasonally rather than year-round. In 2015, the quantity of active CO monitors temporarily increased from 14 to 15 with the addition of the Thirty-Third monitor on September 1st. All CO monitors are classified as SLAMS except for TT, which is classified as an SPM. Data from all monitors were reported to the AQS and are suitable for NAAQS comparison (see Figure 5). For calendar year 2015, no exceedances of either CO level were recorded at any MCAQD monitoring sites (Table 10). Table 10. 2015 8-hour Average CO Data Summary CO 8-hour Average Max. (ppm) 0.5 CO 8-hour Average 2nd Highest (ppm) 0.5 Number of 8-Hour NAAQS Exceedances 0 Central Phoenix 2.0 1.9 0 Diablo 1.6 1.4 0 Dysart 0.7 0.7 0 Glendale 1.6 1.3 0 Greenwood 2.4 2.3 0 Mesa 1.5 1.3 0 North Phoenix 1.4 1.3 0 South Phoenix 2.1 2.1 0 South Scottsdale 1.4 1.4 0 Tempe 1.4 1.4 0 *Thirty-Third 2.8 2.6 0 West Chandler 1.6 1.3 0 2.5 0 Site Buckeye 2.8 West Phoenix * Thirty-Third operated as an SPM temporarily in 2015. Additional information required by EPA is shown in Table 11. Table 11. CO Data Required by EPA CBSA Population & Census Year (2012) Required NearRoad Monitors Active Near-Road Monitors Additional Near-Road Monitors Needed 38060 4,329,534 1 2 0 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 31 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Lead (Pb) Figure 6. 2015 Pb Monitoring Site Map In July 2010, this Pb monitoring site was opened near the Deer Valley Airport in north Phoenix. This airport is one of the busiest general aviation airports in the region, and it serves a significant number of propeller-driven aircraft, which still use Pb-containing general aviation fuel unlike jet engine-driven aircraft. Figure 6 shows the Deer Valley site, which is the only site monitoring for Pb. Two Pb monitors are required at the Deer Valley Airport for QA purposes and both monitors are classified as SLAMS. The primary and secondary Pb NAAQS standards are identical. The rolling 3-month average is violated by an exceedance of 0.15 µg/m3. A summary of the 2015 Pb data required by EPA is shown in Table 12. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 32 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Table 12. 2015 Pb Data Summary Site 24-hour Max. (µg/m3) 24-hour 2nd Highest (µg/m3) Max. 3-month Rolling Quarterly Average (µg/m3) Number of Samples Deer Valley 0.104 0.087 0.050 54 Source: AQS AMP 450 NC Report – Quicklook All Parameters According to the 2011 EPA’s National Emission Inventory, Deer Valley Airport remains the largest point-source of Pb within Maricopa County that triggers the EPA 1.0 ton per year (tpy) threshold for Pb emissions, which are shown on Table 13. Table 13. Pb Data Required by EPA Source Name Location Deer Valley Airport Phoenix, AZ 2011 Pb Emission (tpy) Emissions Inventory Source & Data Year Max 3-Month Design Value (µg/m3) Design Value Date Required Monitors Active Monitors Additional Monitors Needed 1.16 General Aviation Airport 2011 0.05 January 2015 1 1 0 Source: The EPA 2011 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) Report FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 33 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx) Figure 7. 2015 NO2 Monitoring Site Map All parts of Maricopa County are in attainment for NO2. Compliance with the NO2 standard is achieved when the annual arithmetic mean concentration in a calendar year is less than or equal to 53 ppb. A new hourly standard for NO2 began in 2010; this regulation states that the 3-year average of the 98th percentile cannot exceed 100 ppb. For calendar year 2015, no exceedances of the NO2 annual or 1-hour NAAQS were recorded at Maricopa County monitoring sites. In 2015, the quantity of active NO2 monitors increased from five to six once Thirty-Third, the second near-road NO2 station, became active in September. Data from all six monitors were reported in AQS (see Figure 7). All NO2 monitors are designated as SLAMS and data are suitable for comparison to the NAAQS (see Table 14). FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 34 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Table 14. 2015 NO2 1-hour Data Summary NO2 Maximum (ppb) NO2. 98th Percentile (ppb) NO2 3-Year Average of the 98th Percentiles (ppb) Buckeye 44.0 33.0 34.6 7.14 Central Phoenix 63.0 59.0 59.6 17.85 Diablo 59.0 53.0 56.0† 21 .41 Greenwood 71.0 61 .0 62.6 21.91 Thirty-Third 69.0 64.0 64.0† 31.86‡ 64.0 55.0 56.0 16.39 Site Name West Phoenix NO2 Annual Average (ppb) th † The 3-Year 98 Percentile Average does not meet minimum data criteria. DI based on two years of data; TT based on one year of data. ‡ Data do not meet summary criteria. Source: AQS AMP 450 NC Report – Quicklook All Parameters Additional information required by EPA is shown in Table 15. The annual average daily traffic (AADT) is based on 2011 modeling data. The maximum traffic count location is just south of the Broadway Curve, before Southern Avenue, on the I-10. Table 15. NO2 Data Required by EPA CBSA Population & Census Year (2012) Max AADT Counts Required NearRoad Monitors Active NearRoad Monitors Additional NearRoad Monitors Needed Required AreaWide Monitors Active AreaWide Monitors Additional Area-Wide Monitors Needed 38060 4,329,534 287,481 2 2 0 1 4 0 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 35 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Ozone (O3) Figure 8. 2015 O3 Monitoring Site Map As stated in the O3 summary, compliance with the NAAQS is determined by averaging the 4th highest 8-hour average over a 3-year period. Currently, this 3-year average must be less than or equal to 0.070 ppm. During 2015, there were eighteen SLAMS O3 monitors in operating within the network. The data were reported to AQS, and data are suitable for use with NAAQS comparisons (see Figure 8). In 2015, seven days exceeded the 2008 8-hour primary standard for O3. The data for one exceedance day, June 20th, have been flagged as an EE in AQS and the submittal package is being developed. Table 16 presents the 2015 data summary for 2008 8-hour O3 at MCAQD monitoring sites. In addition, there were three violations of the 2008 8-hour primary standard. The 8-hour standard is violated when a 3-year average using the 4th highest concentration measured in each year exceeds 0.075 ppm (see Table 16). FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 36 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Table 16. 2015 8-hour Average O3 Data Summary 8-hr Max. (ppm) 2nd Highest (ppm) 3rd Highest (ppm) 4th Highest (ppm) Qty. of Days > 0.075 ppm Blue Point 0.077* 0.077*† 0.074 0.073 2 Buckeye 0.064 0.060 0.060 0.060 0 Cave Creek 0.072 0.071 0.071 0.069 0 Central Phoenix 0.075 0.075 0.074 0.071 0 Dysart 0.069 0.068 0.067 0.067 0 Falcon Field 0.084* 0.080*† 0.079* 0.072 3 Fountain Hills 0.075 0.073 0.070 0.069 0 Glendale 0.071 0.068 0.068 0.067 0 Humboldt Mt. 0.076* 0.073 0.073 0.073 1 Mesa 0.082* 0.080* 0.079*† 0.077* 4 North Phoenix 0.078* 0.078* 0.075 0.074 2 Pinnacle Peak 0.083* 0.080* 0.078*† 0.077* 4 Rio Verde 0.070 0.069 0.069 0.068 0 South Phoenix 0.073 0.073 0.072 0.070 0 South Scottsdale 0.074 0.070 0.069 0.068 0 Tempe 0.055 0.053 0.053 0.051 0 West Chandler 0.072 0.070 0.070 0.070 0 West Phoenix 0.076* 0.076* 0.075 0.074 2 Site * Indicates an exceedance of the standard † Data flagged in AQS as an EE Source: AQS 2015 AMP 450 NC Report – Quicklook All Parameters Additional information required by EPA is shown in Table 17. Table 17. O3 Data Required by EPA CBSA County Population & Census Year (2012) 38060 Maricopa 4,329,534 8-Hr Design Value (ppm) Design Value Site Required Monitors Active Monitors Additional Monitors Needed 0.078 04-013-1003 and 04-013-2005 3 18 0 Source: AQS 2015 AMP 480 Report – Preliminary Design Value FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 37 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Particulate Matter ≤10 Micrometers (PM10) Figure 9. 2015 PM10 Monitoring Site Map During 2015, sixteen PM10 monitors were reported as operational in AQS (see Figure 9). All PM10 monitors are classified as SLAMS, and data are suitable for comparison to the NAAQS. The Zuni Hills monitor classification was changed from SPM to a SLAMS beginning on January 1, 2015. All PM10 monitoring stations now operate continuous PM10 analyzers that collect hourly-averaged data. It is worth noting that EPA does not require PM10 analyzers to be collocated at the PQAO level or the national level. This NAAQS is violated when the expected number of exceedances at a monitor is more than one per year on average over three years. The expected number of exceedances is estimated using a formula provided in 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix K. The formula takes into account the number of days sampling occurs and the number of valid samples that can be collected. A 3-year average of these estimated days is then used to determine compliance. Effective December 18, 2006, EPA revoked the PM10 annual primary standard; however, the annual weighted average is displayed for informational purposes (see Table 18). In recent years, some PM10 exceedances occurring in the Maricopa County CBSA have been successfully attributed to an EE. Again, as per the EPA’s EER, an EE is an uncontrollable event that was caused by natural sources of pollution or an event that is not expected to recur at a given location. ADEQ makes the determination of which events to classify as exceptional; then, they submit documentation to EPA supporting the contention that the exceedance(s) was due to an EE. If EPA R9 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 38 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department concurs, the PM10 concentrations measured during the event are not used to determine compliance with the NAAQS. The EE counts below are current as of this review’s publishing. Table 18 shows the 2015 PM10 24-hour NAAQS status and data summary, including EE data values. Table 18. 2015 PM10 24-Hour Data Summary Including EE Data 24-hr Avg. Max (µg/m3) 24-hr Avg. 2nd High (µg/m3) Buckeye 124 103 0 0 34.4 0 Central Phoenix 114 85 0 0 26.2 0 Durango Complex 100 97 0 0 26.3 0 Dysart 99 71 0 0 22.4 0 Glendale 78 71 0 0 18.3 0 Greenwood 106 90 0 0 34.8 0 Site Name Higley Annual 24-hour Expected Quantity Weighted Average NAAQS Exceedances of EEs 3 Exceedances (µg/m ) Note: No data available due to this site remaining temporarily shutdown in 2015. Mesa 66 48 0 0 17.2 0 North Phoenix 79 55 0 0 18.5 0 South Phoenix 86 80 0 0 25.5 0 South Scottsdale 86 67 0 0 24.1 0 Tempe 52 48 0 0 18.4† 0 West Chandler 121 87 0 0 23.7 0 West 43rd Avenue 132 124 0 0 36.5 0 West Phoenix 72 70 0 0 23.2 0 Zuni Hills 81 77 0 0 21.5 0 † Data do not meet completeness criteria. Source: AQS 2015 AMP 450 NC Report - Quicklook All Parameters FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 39 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Additional information required by EPA is shown in Table 19. Data include measurements submitted as EEs. Table 19. PM10 Data Required by EPA CBSA 38060 County Maricopa Population & Census Year (2012) 4,329,534 2015 Max Concentration Max Concentration Site Required Monitors Active Monitors Additional Monitors Needed 132 µg/m3 04-013-4009 6-10 16 0 Source: 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix D, 4.6 (a) and Table D-4 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 40 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Particulate Matter ≤2.5 Micrometers (PM2.5) Figure 10. 2015 PM2.5 Monitoring Site Map Figure 10 shows the sites monitoring for PM2.5. In 2015 the department operated nine continuous Federal Equivalency Methods (FEM) PM2.5 analyzers that are representative of area-wide air quality. All PM2.5 monitors, except for the Thirty-Third monitor, are identified as SLAMS. The Thirty-Third monitor was classified as a SPM, because it temporarily supported the PM2.5 chemical speciation study. Data are suitable for comparison to the NAAQS. Beginning in January 2015, all PM2.5 primary monitors are FEMs; therefore, 2014 was the last year to report data from the West Phoenix FRM sampler for comparison to the NAAQS. At the end of 2014, the AMD reduced the quantity of FRM PM2.5 samplers in operation throughout the network from two to one. The primary monitoring method at the West Phoenix station officially changed from an FRM to an FEM beginning on January 1, 2015. The West Phoenix site remains our “collocated” site for PM2.5, which means that we will operate one FEM continuous analyzer designated as the “primary monitor” and one FRM filter-based PM2.5 sampler designated as the “secondary monitor”. The secondary monitor is required to meet the EPA’s QA collocation requirements for the PM2.5 network. Although data from the secondary monitor are intended for QA usage, if necessary, they can be substituted in place of the primary monitor’s data as per 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix N. This secondary monitor collects a 24-hour, e.g., midnight-to-midnight, filter sample on the designated 1:12 day as required for collocated QA samples. The EPA OAQPS produces the annual sampling calendar each year and posts it on the AMTIC website. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 41 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department The PM2.5 network is smaller than the PM10 network, and Maricopa County is currently in attainment for PM2.5. The MCAQD continually assesses the existing network to ensure it adequately represents air quality in Maricopa County with regard to PM2.5. Maricopa County operates more than the required minimum number of PM2.5 monitors for the core-based statistical area (CBSA) as shown on Table 24 and in Appendix II. To determine compliance with the annual PM2.5 NAAQS requires that three years of the 24-hour annual average data be used from each monitor. To determine compliance with the 24-hour NAAQS requires that three years of the 98th percentile data be used from each PM2.5 monitor. For data to be acceptable for comparison to the annual and the 24-hour NAAQS, a site’s PM2.5 monitor must meet all EPA operating and QA requirements. 2015 PM2.5 Data Summary Table 20 summarizes the 2015 data from the FEM analyzers as well as the FRM sampler at West Phoenix. All PM2.5 analyzers were classified as SLAMs, except for Thirty-Third, which temporarily operated as an SPM in 2015. Table 20. 2015 PM2.5 24-Hour Averages and Annual Means 2015 24-hr Avg. Max (µg/m3) 22.5 2015 24-hr Avg. 2nd High (µg/m3) 20.7 2015 98th Percentile Value (µg/m3) 17.0 2015 Annual Mean (µg/m3) 7.9 Durango Complex 32.4 31.2 27.1 9.0 Glendale 26.9 24.3 18.9 7.0 Mesa 23.2 20.5 16.6 6.7 North Phoenix 21.4 20.8 17.8 6.7 South Phoenix 44.6‡ 36.6‡ 27.7 8.9 Tempe 19.1† 18.0† 16.9† 8.9† Thirty-Third 35.3† 34.8† 34.0† 10.5† West Phoenix 40.5‡ 37.8‡ 27.5 8.6 Site Name Diablo ‡Indicates an exceedance of the standard. † Indicates that the mean does not satisfy data completeness criteria Source: AQS 2015 AMP 450 NC Report - Quicklook All Parameters FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 42 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department The Annual PM2.5 NAAQS Status Compliance with the primary and secondary annual NAAQS is determined by averaging three consecutive years of a site’s annual mean value, which is derived using the 24-hour, or daily, concentrations. The annual PM2.5 NAAQS is met when three-year annual average concentration is less than or equal to 12.0 µg/m3 at each eligible monitoring site. All 3-year averages were below the annual NAAQS. Table 21 summaries the 3-year 24-hour annual average data. Site Name Table 21. PM2.5 3-Year Annual Averages 2013 2014 2015 Annual Avg. Annual Avg. Annual Avg. (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) 3-Year Annual Avg. (µg/m3) Diablo Not operating 9.71† 7.86 8.8† Durango Complex 10.54 10.12 8.97 9.9 Glendale 7.52 7.73 7.0 7.4 Mesa 5.69 8.28 6.68 6.9 North Phoenix 8.0 8.02 6.73 7.6 South Phoenix 9.59 10.27 8.99 9.6 Tempe 8.69 8.63 8.88† 8.7† *Thirty-Third Not operating Not operating 10.48† N/A West Phoenix 10.6† 10.9 8.6 10.0† † Indicates that the mean does not satisfy data completeness criteria. *Monitor only operated from September to December in 2015 Source: AQS 2013 – 2015 AMP 450 NC Report – Quicklook All Parameters FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 43 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department 2015 24-Hour PM2.5 NAAQS Status Compliance with the primary and secondary 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS is determined by averaging 3consecutive years of the 24-hour 98th percentile concentration values from all eligible sites. The 24hour NAAQS is met when 3-year average concentration values is less than or equal to 35 µg/m3. In 2015, there were three exceedance days, but no violations of the primary or secondary 24-hour NAAQS of 35 µg/m3. Table 22 summaries the 3-year 24-hour 98th percentile data from the FEM analyzers. Table 22. PM2.5 3-Year 24-Hour Averages of the 98th Percentile 3-Year 2014 2015 2013 Average 98th Site Name 98th Percentile 98th Percentile 98th Percentile Percentile (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Not operating 21.4† 17.0 19† Diablo Durango Complex 27.2 24.1 27.1 26 Glendale 16.6 18.6 18.9 18 Mesa 12.8 19.4 16.6 16 North Phoenix 17.2 20.3 17.8 18 South Phoenix 25.8 26.5 27.7 27 Tempe 17.9 17.4 16.9 17 *Thirty-Third Not operating Not operating 34.0† N/A West Phoenix 29.0† 28.9 27.5 28† † Indicates that the mean does not satisfy data completeness criteria. * Monitor operated from September to December in 2015 only Source: AQS 2013 – 2015 AMP 480 Report – Preliminary Design Value Report Additional information required by EPA is shown in Table 23. The required data shown below include any measurements that were submitted as an EE for EPA’s concurrence. However, in 2015, there were no EEs submitted for PM2.5 exceedances. Table 23. PM2.5 Data Required by EPA CBSA County Population & Census Year (2012) Annual Design Value (µg/m3) Annual Design Value Site Daily Design Value (µg/m3) Daily Design Value Site 04-01304-01328 0019 0019 Source: AQS 2013 – 2015 AMP 480 Report – Preliminary Design Value Report 38060 Maricopa 4,329,534 10.0 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 44 of 205 Required Monitors Active Monitors Additional Monitors Needed 3 7 0 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Figure 11. 2015 SO2 Monitoring Site Map During 2015, two SO2 SLAMS monitors were operational and reported data into AQS that are suitable for NAAQS comparison (see Figure 11). Sulfur dioxide has a 1-hour primary standard and a 3-hour secondary standard. The 24-hour and annual average standards were revoked in a June 2010 rulemaking. A violation of the primary standard occurs when the 3-year average of the 99th percentile of the daily maximum 1-hour average exceeds 75 ppb. A violation of the secondary standard occurs when a 3-hour average of 500 ppb is exceeded more than once per year. Maricopa County is in attainment for SO2. For calendar year 2015, no exceedances of the SO2 1-hour or 3-hour standard were recorded at Maricopa County monitoring sites. The EPA now requires that the highest 5-minute average per hour per day be reported to AQS; however, there is not a 5-minute SO2 NAAQS level. The EPA no longer requires the reporting of 3-hour values for the SO2 secondary NAAQS. Table 24 shows the 2015 SO2 data summary. Table 24. 2015 SO2 Data Summary 1-hour Max. (ppb) 1-hour 2nd High (ppb) 1-hour 99th Percentile (ppb) Central Phoenix 9.0 8.0 7.0 Durango Complex 18.0 11.0 9.0 Site Source: AQS 2015 AMP 450 NC Report – Quicklook All Parameters FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 45 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department The minimum required quantity of SO2 monitors operating within the MCAQD’s network is based on either the Population Weighted Emissions Index (PWEI) and/or the EPA R9 Administrator input (see 40 CFR Part 58 - Appendix D 4.4.3). Table 25 shows additional information required by EPA. Table 25. SO2 Data Required by EPA CBSA County Population & Census Year (2012) 38060 Maricopa 4,329,534 Total SO2 Emitted in 2011 (tpy) Population Weighted Emission Index Required Monitors Active Monitors Additional Monitors Needed 1468 6355 0 2 0 Source: The EPA’s Clearinghouse for Inventories & Emissions Factors database 2015 NAAQS Exceedance and Violation Summary The following is a summary of the 2015 NAAQS exceedances and violations (see Table 26). Table 26. 2015 NAAQS Exceedances and Violation Summary CO There were no exceedances or violations of the 1-hour or 8-hour NAAQS standard. NO2 There were no exceedances or violations of the 1-hour NAAQS standard. O3 There were seven unique days when at least one monitor exceeded the standard. There were three violations of the 2008 8-hour NAAQS standard. Pb There were no exceedances or violations of NAAQS. PM10 There were no exceedances of the 24-hour standard. No sites violated the standard. PM2.5 There were three unique days when at least one monitor exceeded the 24-hour standard. There were no violations of the 24-hour or annual NAAQS standards. SO2 There were no exceedances or violations of NAAQS. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 46 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department 2015 O3 Exceedance and Violation Information Table 27 shows the dates and values for the 2008 primary and secondary 8-hour O3 NAAQS exceedances. The NAAQS level of 0.075 ppm for a rolling 8-hour average, and an exceedance occurs when the 8-hour average is greater than 0.075 ppm, e.g., 0.076 ppm or higher. Table 27. 2015 O3 8-hour Average Exceedance Details FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 47 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Table 28 shows the O3 NAAQS violations. A site violates the NAAQS when its 3-year average of the 4th-highest annual 8-hour concentration exceeds 0.075 ppm. Data shown below are the 2013 to 2015 3-year averages of the 4th highest 8-hour O3 concentrations. The concentrations shown include EE data. Table 28. 2015 O3 NAAQS Violations Site Concentration (ppm) Mesa 0.078 North Phoenix 0.077 Pinnacle Peak 0.078 Figure 12 shows a graph of the 2015 violations. The graph includes exceptional event data from June 20th. 2015 Violation of Ozone NAAQS (>0.075ppm) as of 12/31/15 0.090 0.078 0.078 0.077 0.080 0.070 Est. 2015 3yr Avg 4th high (NAAQS) 0.060 0.050 Current Standard < 0.075ppm 0.040 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.000 BE BP CC CP DY FF FH GL HM ME NP PP RV SP SS WC WP Figure 12. 2015 O3 Violations by Site based on 2008 NAAQS FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 48 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department If we compare the 2013 – 2015 data to the newly lowered O3 NAAQS of 0.070 ppm, then most sites operated by MCAQD would violate the 2016 standard as shown on Figure 13. Exceptional event data are included as well. 2015 Violation of Ozone NAAQS (>0.070ppm) as of 12/31/15 0.090 0.080 0.078 0.078 0.077 0.073 0.0710.0720.071 0.075 0.074 0.0710.072 0.075 0.070 Est. 2015 3yr Avg 4th high (NAAQS) 0.060 0.050 Standard 0.070ppm 0.040 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.000 BE BP CC CP DY FF FH GL HM ME NP PP RV SP SS WC WP Figure 13. O3 Violations by Site based on 2015 NAAQS FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 49 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department 2015 Particulate Matter Exceedance and Violation Status 2015 24-Hour PM10 NAAQS Exceedances There were no 24-hour exceedances of the PM10 NAAQS; nor were there any EE packages submitted to EPA. 2015 24-Hour PM10 Primary and Secondary NAAQS Violation Status As per 40 CFR Part 50.6 (a), a site violates the PM10 NAAQS when the calculated “rate of expected exceedances” is >1 when averaged over three consecutive years. Please note that the EPA has yet to concur with the 2013 and 2014 EE demonstration submittals. (See Table 29) Table 29. 2015 Violations of the PM10 24-Hour NAAQS without EE Data Holding EPAConcurrence 2013 2014 Expected Exceedances Expected Exceedances Rate of Expected Exceedances 271‡ 2.0 124 0 1.40 2 182‡ 1.0 114 0 1.00 303‡ 4.02 172‡ 2.0 100 0 2.00 Dysart 147 0 163‡ 1.0 99 0 0.33 Glendale 210‡ 2 205‡ 1.011 78 0 1.00 Greenwood 273‡ 3.01 208‡ 2.011 106 0 1.67 Higley 211‡ 1 179‡ 2.0 Not operating 0 1.5† Mesa 151 0 155‡ 1.034 66 0 0.34 Buckeye Central Phoenix Durango Complex Expected Exceedances 24-hr Max. (µg/m3) 298‡ 2.21 328‡ 2015 24-hr Max. (µg/m3) Site 24-hr Max. (µg/m3) North Phoenix South Phoenix South Scottsdale 153 0 199‡ 1.0 79 0 0.33 294‡ 2.045 170‡ 3.0 86 0 1.68 195‡ 1.05 193‡ 2.045 86 0 1.03 Tempe 227‡ 1 175‡ 1.011 52 0 0.67† West Chandler 234‡ 3.04 163‡ 1.0 121 0 1.34 West 43rd 301‡ 4.19 171‡ 1.0 132 0 1.73 West Phoenix 255‡ 2.03 210‡ 2.022 72 0 1.35 Zuni Hills 165‡ 1.011 166‡ 1.247 81 0 0.75 † Indicates <75% data available, i.e., does not meet data completeness requirements ‡ Indicates value was flagged as an EE Source: AQS 2013 - 2015 AMP 450 NC Report – Quicklook All Parameters FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 50 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department 2015 24-Hour PM10 NAAQS Violation Status without Exceptional Events The ADEQ submitted EE packages to EPA R9 for six of the seven PM10 exceedance days that occurred in 2014 and the six exceedance days that occurred in 2013. There were no exceedance days in 2015 at Maricopa County sites. If the EPA concurs with all of the packages submitted for 2013 and 2014, the number of sites that violated the PM10 standard in 2015 will be zero. All 2013 – 2015 data considered the result of an EE have been excluded from the calculations in Table 30, regardless of EPA concurrence status. Table 30. 2015 Violations of the PM10 NAAQS with All EE Flagged Data Excluded Regardless of EPA Concurrence Site Buckeye Central Phoenix Durango Complex Dysart 2013 2014 24-hour 24-hour Max. Expected Max. Expected (µg/m3) Exceedances (µg/m3) Exceedances 112 0 175 1.00 2015 24-hour Max. (µg/m3) 124 Expected Exceedances 0 Rate of Expected Exceedances 0 114 0 135 0 114 0 0 110 0 107 0 100 0 0 147 0 90 0 99 0 0 Glendale 90 0 86 0 78 0 0 Greenwood 119 0 125 0 0 0 Higley 143 0 137 0 0† 0† Mesa North Phoenix South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler West 43rd Avenue West Phoenix Zuni Hills 151 0 101 0 106 Not Operating 66 0 0 153 0 107 0 79 0 0 118 0 109 0 86 0 0 142 0 98 0 86 0 0 146 0 88 0 52† 0† 0† 144 0 146 0 121 0 0 121 0 121 0 132 0 0 114 0 148 0 72 0 0 80 0 86 0 81 0 0 † Indicates <75% data available, i.e., does not meet data completeness requirements FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 51 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department 2015 24-Hour PM2.5 NAAQS Exceedances and Violation Status The 24-hour primary and secondary NAAQS for PM2.5 are 35 µg/m3. If the 24-hour, midnight-tomidnight block-average concentration at a site is 35.5 µg/m3 or higher, then it is counted as an exceedance. If the 24-hour 3-year average of the 98th percentile exceeds 35 µg/m3, then the 24-hour NAAQS are violated. Table 31 shows there were three exceedance days in 2015 for PM2.5; but there were no violations. Site South Phoenix West Phoenix Table 31. 2015 PM2.5 Exceedances 24-hr Avg. PM2.5 Concentration Date (µg/m3) 12/25/15 44.6 12/31/15 36.6 01/04/15 40.5 12/31/15 37.8 Number of Days where at least one monitor exceeded the 24-hour PM2.5 Standard 3 Supplemental Exceptional Event Information The June 20, 2015 O3 exceedance is currently being reviewed as a potential EE. If found suitable for submittal to EPA R9, then, it will be the first O3 exceedance classified as an EE for Maricopa County. Copies of EE submittals can be viewed online at ADEQ’s website. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 52 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Changes to the Criteria Pollutant Air Monitoring Networks The MCAQD’s AMD strives to provide the most reliable and relevant air monitoring data to the public. Air quality issues are diverse and are of great interest to the citizens of Maricopa County. High-quality data are a cornerstone of developing and implementing effective SIPs, EE packages, and permits for new and existing sources. The following describes projects that have occurred during 2015 and changes that are proposed for 2016, or as resources become available. 2015 Network Assessment Recommendations In 2015, the MCAQD completed a 5-Year Network Assessment as required by 40 CFR Part 58. The “Assessment” evaluated the performance of the monitoring network for the years 2010 – 2014 and identified: • unnecessary or redundant monitors for CPs that could be removed; • potential reconfigurations to the network to deemphasize the collection of data for CPs that are steadily becoming less problematic (such as CO); and • potential reconfigurations to the network to refine the monitoring of CPs presenting persistent challenges such as ground level O3 and its precursors, or to address new monitoring initiatives. The Assessment identified potential changes for most CP networks, except for Pb. Proposed changes to the network in 2016 are summarized below. Please see the 2015 Network Assessment for details concerning the recommendations. Summary of 2015 Network Assessment Recommendations The proposed changes are subject to public comment and the EPA’s concurrence. A. Proposed Monitor Closings 1) CO – Dysart, Glendale, Greenwood, North Phoenix, South Phoenix, South Scottsdale, and Tempe 2) NO2 – Greenwood 3) O3 – Rio Verde 4) SO2 – none 5) PM2.5 - none 6) PM10 – Greenwood 7) Pb - none Supplemental information from the Assessment regarding the above changes follows. CO: Maricopa County is currently in attainment of the CO NAAQS. The last violation of the 8-hour standard was in 1996 and the last violation of the onehour standard was in 1984. Many CO monitors have a design value close to zero. O3 : There are three other O3 monitors in close proximity to Rio Verde. The Fountain Hill’s monitor is 12.8 km away to the southwest, Pinnacle Peak’s is 16.9 km away to the west, and Yuma Frank’s on the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation’s Reservation is 9.7 km away to the south. The area is well represented FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 53 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department by these monitors. Closing the Rio Verde site would not have an adverse impact on the network’s representativeness. Furthermore, construction to the Rio Verde site structure several years ago required that the monitor’s sample line be reconfigured. Now, the sample residence time is nearly 20 seconds, and we cannot feasibly shorten the sample line without extensive rewiring to the structure, which we do not own. The sample line inlet has been repositioned a couple of times to prevent the effects of heat from the metal roof and outgassing from biomass inside the adjacent landscaper’s compound from effecting O3 measurements. We believe that data reported by the RV monitor are not as consistent as in the past and that data may be biased high or low depending upon the time of day, year, and/or meteorological conditions. This further supports closing of this monitor. PM10: The Assessment shows that there is a cluster of redundant PM10 sites near downtown Phoenix including Central Phoenix, Durango Complex, Greenwood, West 43rd, and West Phoenix. Greenwood is the most highly correlated PM10 site in the network, with correlation scores of 85% with West Phoenix, 79% with Central Phoenix, and 77% with Durango Complex. Therefore, we believe that this area will be adequately represented by the PM10 monitors at West Phoenix, Durango Complex, Central Phoenix, and West 43rd, and closing the Greenwood monitor does not compromise PM10 monitoring coverage. B. Potential Monitor Moves 1) CO – none 2) NO2 – none 3) O3 – none 4) SO2 - none 5) PM2.5 - none 6) PM10 – none 7) Pb - none Supplemental information from the Assessment regarding the above changes follows. NO2: The NO2 monitors at the Thirty-Third and Greenwood sites are highly correlated and redundant. The Thirty-Third site is located approximately 1.2 km to the west of Greenwood and serves the same purpose of monitoring emissions from the I-10 highway. Since the NO2 monitor is specifically required at the new nearroad NO2 Thirty-Third site, we would like to close the Greenwood monitor. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 54 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department C. Potential Changes to Site Types/Objectives 1) CO a. West Phoenix from 'Population Exposure' to 'Highest Concentration' b. Buckeye from 'Population Exposure' to 'Upwind Background' 2) NO2 Buckeye from 'Population Exposure' to 'Upwind Background' 3) O3 a. North Phoenix from 'Population Exposure' to 'Max Ozone Concentration' b. Fountain Hills from 'Max Ozone Concentration' to 'Population Exposure' c. Humboldt Mountain from 'Max Ozone Concentration' to 'Extreme Downwind' d. Buckeye from 'Population Exposure' to 'Upwind Background' 4) SO2 none 5) PM2.5 none 6) PM10 Durango Complex from 'Highest Concentration' to 'Population Exposure' 7) Pb none D. Potential Changes to Monitoring Scales (Spatial Scale Represented) 1) CO none 2) NO none 3) O3 Buckeye from 'Neighborhood' to 'Urban' none 4) SO2 5) PM2.5 Durango Complex from 'Middle' to 'Neighborhood' 6) PM10 Durango Complex from 'Middle' to 'Neighborhood' 7) Pb none FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 55 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Other 2015 Station and Site Reclassifications, Relocations, and/or Shutdowns 1. Higley site (04-013-4006) – this site was temporarily closed on November 4, 2014 due to the property owner asking us to vacate the property. The owner was no longer able to provide housing for our air monitoring operations. Therefore, we discontinued monitoring and decommissioned the site in early November. We are still working with the site owner and trying to secure the new location. The new location is expected to be close enough to the previous location that the same AQS site identification number can be used. We are targeting startup by the end of 2016 or as soon as feasible. 2. Tempe site (04-103-4005) - this site was temporarily shut down from April through September 2015 due to the property owner making significant infrastructure upgrades. It reopened in October 2015. 3. Thirty-Third site (04-013-4020) – this second near-road NO2 station opened September 1, 2015. New Monitoring Sites 1. Thirty-Third site (04-013-4020) – this second near-road NO2 station opened September 1, 2015. Seasonal Air Monitoring The CO network is the only network operating monitors seasonally. There were no changes requested for the seasonal CO network in 2015; however, we are requesting changes for this network in 2016 based on the Assessment results. Changes may include reducing the quantity of seasonal CO monitors, changing year-round CO monitors to seasonal or vice versa, and/or changing the spatial scales of representation for some CO monitors. Currently, the AMD operates nine out of thirteen CO monitors on a seasonal basis (see Table 32). During the off-season, the quantity of CO monitors operating still exceeds the EPA’s minimum requirements. Operating the CO network seasonally has allowed AMD to conserve resources that have helped to upgrade and/or increase preventive maintenance to monitors. Preventative maintenance helps to extend the life expectancy of the monitors; thereby, reducing replacement costs. This practice also reduces the quantity of QC/QA check performed on the seasonal monitors. Please note that the 2015 Site Metadata Tables in Appendix II do not show these proposed changes to sites and/or monitors. The metadata reflects changes requested in 2015. The proposed changes will be shown on the 2016 tables. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 56 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Table 32. Seasonal Monitors Seasonal CO Monitoring Sites (Operational Sept. 1 – Apr. 1) Buckeye Dysart Glendale Mesa North Phoenix South Phoenix South Scottsdale Tempe West Chandler Daily Uses of Criteria Pollutant Data Air Quality Forecasting The ADEQ, in conjunction with MCAQD, has developed a year-round air quality forecasting capability for the Phoenix metropolitan area. ADEQ takes the lead on air quality forecasting and the issuing of High Pollution Advisories (HPA), while the MCAQD provides monitoring data and designates No-Burn Days. In 2015, AMD continued to supply CP and meteorological data to the ADEQ forecasters on a daily basis. In 2015, we began supplying CP and meteorological data to MAG on a daily basis as well. Maricopa County’s Air Monitoring Website The department continued distributing 1-hour and 5-minute continuous CP data for the “Maricopa County Interactive Pollution Map”. The website provides each pollutant’s concentrations as well as AQI values. By having easy access to this information, the public can better plan their daily activities. EPA’s AIRNow Website The department continued distributing 1-hour and 5-minute continuous CP data for the EPA’s AIRNow website, which serves the same purpose as that of the Maricopa County’s website. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 57 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Information Regarding Maricopa County’s Supplementary Air Monitoring Programs Personnel who work mobile monitoring and emergency response meet the Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Standard (HAZWOPER) training and medical monitoring requirements as per the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 29 CFR 1910.120. Personnel are recertified annually through refresher training. The Mobile Monitoring Program The department received approval in late 2006 from the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors to start a “mobile monitoring” program. This program enables us to better respond to emergencies affecting air quality, to identify sources of air pollutants by performing localized air monitoring, and to collect and analyze hazardous air pollutant (HAP) samples. In addition, the program allows us to assist the Maricopa County Air Quality Compliance and Enforcement Division (MCAQCED) with the investigation and enforcement of air pollution control regulations. In 2015, the mobile monitoring unit responded to air quality emergencies throughout Maricopa County such as heavy smoke from fires or toxic releases that threatened air quality (see Figure 14). Figure 14. 2015 Jomax Fire FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 58 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Superbowl 2015 On February 1, 2015, the Phoenix metropolitan area hosted the National Football League’s (NFL) 49th Superbowl at the University of Phoenix (Cardinal) Stadium in Glendale. The MCAQD was involved with the planning of air monitoring for the public’s safety and security. In 2015, activities primarily included monitoring for various air pollutants and/or toxics before, during, and after the Superbowl game as well as at NFL events occurring in downtown Phoenix. Figure 15 shows the mobile monitoring truck. Figure 15. Mobile Monitoring Truck FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 59 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Rapid Response Notification System (RRNS) Maricopa County enjoys many days with clean air; however, there are days when PM10, PM2.5, or O3 pollution levels approach or exceed the NAAQS. In particular, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations can build up quickly due to a high wind speed or a fire, respectively. Curtailing PM pollution from natural events is challenging; it requires advanced planning and implementation of control mechanisms to reduce the likelihood of an exceedance. However, anthropogenic activities that cause high PM concentrations near a site can often be addressed. If a quickly developing PM event is not addressed, it could result in a NAAQS exceedance that may have been avoidable. To help reduce PM concentrations, the MCAQD implemented an automated alarm system that triggers email notifications and/or telephone calls to subscribers when concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 escalate. Subscribers include, but are not limited to: MCAQD’s compliance and air monitoring personnel as well as industrial source representatives who can take action to reduce PM emissions caused by their work activities. The AirVision™ database is programmed to trigger alerts for elevated PM10 five-minute and hourly concentrations, and high PM2.5 five-minute concentrations. Immediately following an hourly or five-minute PM concentration surpassing an assigned notification level, a high importance alert is sent out via email, text, and/or telephone to employees, stakeholders, and/or customers. In addition, Maricopa County enforces a “no burn restriction” when a PM2.5 High Pollution Advisory (HPA) is issued by ADEQ. The RRNS serves as a tool to manage high pollution events using a three-part system: 1. dissemination of as near real-time as possible air quality data to the community; 2. a notification system to alert MCAQD personnel, stakeholders, and customers of a pollution problem; and, 3. onsite response from department inspectors and stakeholders to identify and discourage pollution activity and to reduce the risk of pollution impacts. The alerts requests that dust control permit holders inspect their sites as soon as possible and employ Best Available Control Measures to stabilize all disturbed soils to reduce blowing dust following the notification. The MCAQCED inspectors also review the data and current circumstances, make site visits, or take other appropriate actions to help stop PM concentrations from increasing. To better expedite response actions, meteorological data such as wind speed and direction are also available in five-minute increments. There are little to no immediate actions that can be taken to reduce high concentrations of gaseous CPs. Currently, no RRNS triggers have been established for gaseous pollutants. In general, gaseous pollutant concentrations are decreased through planning and implementing long-term emission controls on sources. Depending on local sources of gaseous pollutants, it may be feasible to have a source stop operating at such times to reduce emissions. For instance, SO2 is prone to spiking during certain industrial activities, and at such a time, temporarily shutting down an operation may be a viable control measure. Although a short-term increase or spike may occur for a particular gas, we rarely see them unless they are associated with out-of-the-ordinary activities near the site. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 60 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Emergency Response The MCAQD is equipped to respond to certain air quality emergencies throughout Maricopa County upon request. In responding to emergencies, MCAQD has a wide variety of specialized equipment to assess air quality and meteorological conditions. These include several specially equipped trailers and a large self-powered van equipped with CP monitors and meteorological instruments. In addition, AMD has purchased several portable monitors, including a FTIR to monitor air toxics and an Area-Rae system to monitor chlorine and ammonia. When emergencies such as fires, chemical spills, or pipeline breaches occur, the air in the surrounding community can be adversely affected. The fire department with jurisdiction over the area is the designated authority to respond and mitigate such incidents. Most, if not all of the fire departments serving the metropolitan area have hazmat units and are prepared to identify and monitor for toxic chemicals resulting from the incident. Typically, the fire department’s mission is to monitor the air until the incident is under control, which may take several hours. The MCAQD’s response is intended to provide monitoring of air quality impacts to sensitive receptors or facilities, e.g., schools, hospitals, etc., during and following an incident to ensure air quality impacts are understood and to inform public health messaging. PM2.5 Speciation Monitoring Occasionally, the AMD operates PM2.5 speciation monitors at certain monitoring sites. Sampling locations and duration vary from year-to-year, depending on prior data findings, current air monitoring needs, and resource availability. Speciation samples are used to identify select chemical components of PM2.5, which may help to identify PM2.5 sources as well. Speciation samples are usually collected from midnight-to-midnight using the Met One SuperSASS™ samplers. An EPA-contracted commercial laboratory that supports the Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) prepares the pre-exposed filter for sampling and analyzes the filter samples following collection. In late 2015, we conducted a special study at the West Phoenix site and a temporary location in Laveen, AZ, approximately eight miles away to the south. These sites were chosen in an effort to quantify the sources of PM2.5 from biomass combustion over the holiday season. West Phoenix is located in an older neighborhood that presumably has many wood-burning fireplaces and has a history of high PM2.5 values on the holidays. The location chosen in Laveen is a newer neighborhood built after the adoption of county ordinances that ban the use of non-EPA certified fireplaces in new construction. We hope that by measuring the gradient between these two sites, supported by PM2.5 monitors located in between, and analyzing the chemical species from samples at each site, we will be able to better clarify the amount of PM2.5 emissions apportioned to non-EPA certified fireplaces. We also collaborated with ADEQ’s Air Monitoring Unit, who supported the study by temporarily loaning us a SuperSASS™ and by collecting additional samples at JLG Supersite, which is an official CSN site. The period monitored is from late November to early January with a 1-in-3 day sample period, coinciding with the normal sample days of the CSN. This was supplemented with additional samples taken on Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year’s Eve and Day. We also collected continuous PM2.5 measurements at the new TT site to gain additional data as well. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 61 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Information Regarding Additional Air Monitoring within Maricopa County The ADEQ operates its own air monitoring surveillance system within the State of Arizona, which includes the JLG Supersite in central Phoenix. The JLG Supersite is part of the national air monitoring surveillance system, and CP data are collected at this site. In addition, ADEQ collects air quality data for research programs at both the JLG Supersite and MCAQD’s South Phoenix site. These research air monitors are primarily geared toward a variety of EPA-required air pollution trends research programs. Specifically, ADEQ performs air monitoring in Maricopa County for the Chemical Speciation Network (CSN), the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE), the National Air Toxics Trends Stations (NATTS), the National Core multi-pollutant monitoring stations (NCORE), the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS), the Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program (UATMP). They also operate visibility cameras and meteorological monitors within the County. Occasionally, ADEQ may temporarily use other sites for special projects. For more information about ADEQ’s network, consult their annual network plan located on the ADEQ website. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 62 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department REFERENCES 1. eCFR Title 40, Parts 50, 53, and 58 2. EPA’s AirData (AQS) information: http://www.epa.gov/airdata 3. EPA’s NAAQS Info: https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table 4. SIP Information: http://www.azdeq.gov/environ/air/plan/index.html 5. EPA Region 9 Air Program Information: http://www.epa.gov/region9/air/index.html 6. Maricopa County Air Quality Map: http://alert.fcd.maricopa.gov/alert/Google/v3/air.html 7. AirNow: http://airnow.gov/ 8. Criteria Pollutant Information: https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants 9. Maricopa County Air Quality Department Prior Network Reviews: http://www.maricopa.gov/aq/divisions/monitoring/network.aspx 10. Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Natural and Exceptional Events Information: https://www.azdeq.gov/environ/air/plan/nee.html 11. Maricopa County Rule 310 – Fugitive Dust From Dust-Generating Operations document: https://www.maricopa.gov/aq/divisions/planning_analysis/rules/docs/310-1001.pdf 12. EPA Exceptional Events webpage: https://www.epa.gov/air-quality-analysis/treatment-data-influenced-exceptional-events 13. EPA OAQPS QA Webpage: https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/qalist.html FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 63 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department APPENDIX I –2015 AIR MONITORING DATA BY SITE Site information includes photographs, site type and spatial scale, and population represented. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 64 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Blue Point (BP) (04-013-9702) Location: Bush Highway & Usery Pass Rd., Maricopa County Spatial Scale: Urban Site Type: Max. Ozone Conc. Site Description: The Blue Point site began operating in July 1995. It is located in a Maricopa County Sheriff’s Sub-Station in Tonto National Forest. This site represents the maximum O3 concentration and urban-scale downwind transport conditions. This site is located approximately 40 miles east of the Phoenix metropolitan area. This SLAMS location monitors for O3. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature and wind speed/direction. Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) O3 Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) th 3-year O3 Avg. of 4 Highest Value (ppm) 2013 2014 2015 0.077* 0.088* 0.077* 3 2 2 0.077# 0.075 0.074 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard #Indicates a violation of the standard FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 65 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Buckeye (BE) (04-013-4011) Site Location: US HWY. 85 & MC HWY. 85, Buckeye Spatial Scale: Neighborhood & Urban (NO2) Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: The Buckeye site was established on August 1, 2004. The site is located in the Maricopa County Department of Transportation - Southwest Facility. The immediate area is agriculture and encroaching residential development. This SLAMS location monitors for CO seasonally, NO2, O3, and PM10. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. CO NO2 O3 2013 2014 2015 0.4 0.6 0.5 0 0 0 8.42 8.65 7.14 NO2 1-hr Avg. 98 Percentile (ppb) 40.0 37.0 34.0 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) 0.062 0.068 0.064 0 0 0 3-year Avg. of O3 4 Highest Value (ppm) 0.065 0.062 0.060 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 298*‡ 271*‡ 124 2 2 0 40.8 43.4 34.4 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances Annual NO2 Avg. (ppb) th Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) th PM10 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) *Indicates an exceedance of the standard ‡Indicates EE at this site - listed value is the highest official current AQS reading. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 66 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Cave Creek (CC) (04-013-4008) Site Location: 32nd St. & Carefree Hwy., Cave Creek Spatial Scale: Urban Site Type: Max. Ozone Conc. Site Description: The Cave Creek site began operating in August 2001. It is located in the Maricopa County Cave Creek Recreation Area (Park Office). This site was chosen through discussions on modifying the O3 network for the 2005 8-hr O3 standard. This SLAMS location only monitors for O3. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, rain, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) O3 Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) th 3-year average O3 of 4 Highest Value (ppm) 2013 2014 2015 0.076* 0.081* 0.072 1 2 0 0.077# 0.074 0.071 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard #Indicates a violation of the standard FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 67 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Central Phoenix (CP) (04-013-3002) Site Location: 19th St. & Roosevelt St., Phoenix Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Population Exposure (CO, O3, and PM10) and Highest Concentration (NO2 and SO2) Site Description: The Central Phoenix site has been in existence for over four decades and has provided a long-term historical database with a high rate of data recovery. The site is representative of high population exposure (greater than 5000 people per square mile) in the central Phoenix area. This SLAMS location monitors for CO, PM10, NO2, O3, and SO2. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, and wind speed/direction. CO NO2 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances Annual NO2 Avg. (ppb) NO2 1-hour Average 98th Percentile (ppb) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) O3 Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) th 3-year Avg. of O3 4 Highest Value (ppm) 3 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) PM10 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances 3 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) th SO2 1-hour 99 Percentile (ppb) SO2 Number of SO2 Exceedances Annual SO2 Avg. (ppb) 2013 2014 2015 2.1 2.5 2.0 0 0 0 19.71 19.44 17.85 60 60.0 59.0 0.079* 0.077* 0.075 3 1 0 0.075 0.074 0.072 328*‡ 182*‡ 114 2 1 0 31.8 32.0 26.2 8.0 7.0 7.0 0 0 0 1.19 1.28 1.04 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site - listed value is the highest official current AQS reading. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 68 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Deer Valley (DV) (04-013-4018) Site Location: 7th Ave. & Deer Valley Rd. Spatial Scale: Middle Site Type: Source-Oriented Site Description: The Deer Valley site is located on the grounds of the Deer Valley Airport in north Phoenix. This site was started in July 2010, because changes in the Pb NAAQS necessitated that MCAQD begin Pb monitoring once again. All ambient Pb monitoring had been discontinued in 1997, because concentrations were consistently much lower than the NAAQS at that time. The source of Pb emissions is the general aviation fuels used in the propeller-driven aircraft, and Deer Valley Airport is one of the busiest general aviation airports in Maricopa County. This SLAMS location monitors for Pb only. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. Max. 24-hr Pb Avg. (µg/m3) Pb 3 Number of Pb 24-hr Exceedances (>0.15µg/m ) Pb Max.3-month Rolling Quarterly Average (µg/m3) FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 69 of 205 2013 2014 2015 0.071 0.087 0.104 0 0 0 0.04 0.05 0.05 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Diablo (DI) (04-013-4019) Site Location: Fairmont Dr. & Diablo Way Spatial Scale: Micro Site Type: Source-Oriented Site Description: The Diablo site was the first near-road air monitoring site established by MCAQD on the west side of the I-10 highway just south of the Fairmont/Diablo Way intersection. There is a concrete barrier between the highway and the frontage road, offering safety, and we have erected a secure shelter for housing the monitoring instruments. In February 2014, we began reporting CO and NO2 data, with PM2.5 data soon following in May 2014. This SLAMS location monitors for CO, NO2, and PM2.5. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. 2013 CO NO2 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances Annual NO2 Avg. (ppb) th NO2 1-hr Avg. 98 Percentile (ppb) Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) PM2.5 N/A Number of 24-hr PM2.5 Exceedances Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) th 3 PM2.5 98 Percentile Value (µg/m ) 2014 2015 1.4 1.6 0 0 20.83 21.41 59.0 53.0 29.2+ 22.5 0 0 9.71+ 7.86 21.4+ 17.0 +Represents <75% of a data completeness due to May startup (238 daily observations in 2014) FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 70 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Durango Complex (DC) (04-013-9812) Site Location: 27th Ave & Durango St., Phoenix Spatial Scale: Middle Site Type: Highest Concentration Site Description: This site is located in the Maricopa County Flood Control District storage yard. Monitoring began on January 6, 1999 with the intent to replace the old maximum highest concentration site. However, in 2000 the EPA determined that the site is not equivalent to that old site, which prompted the establishment of a new highest concentration site (West 43rd). This SLAMS location monitors for PM10, PM2.5, and SO2. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. 2013 2014 2015 303*‡ 172*‡ 100 4 2 0 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) 40.1 42.1 26.3 Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) 66.9* 56.4* 32.4 3 1 0 10.54 10.12 8.97 27.2 24.1 27.1 9.0 8.0 9.0 0 0 0 1.15 0.87 1.04 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) PM10 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances 3 PM2.5 Number of PM2.5 24-hr Exceedances Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) th 3 98 Percentile PM2.5 Value (µg/m ) th SO2 1-hour 99 Percentile (ppb) SO2 Number of SO2 Exceedances Annual SO2 Avg. (ppb) *Indicates an exceedance of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 71 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Dysart (DY) (04-013-4010) Site Location: Bell Rd. & Dysart Rd., Surprise Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: The Dysart site was established in July 2003. It is located at the Maricopa County Facility Maintenance Yard at the corner of Bell Rd. and Dysart Rd. The site is in a growing population area in the northwest valley. The land use around the site consists of subdivisions of single family homes, commercial, and industrial. The location is approximately one mile west of the Agua Fria riverbed. This SLAMS location monitors for CO seasonally, O3, and PM10. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include: ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. CO Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) O3 Number of Daily O3 Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) 3-year Avg. of O3 4th Highest Value (ppm) 3 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) PM10 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2013 2014 2015 0.7 0.6 0.7 0 0 0 0.075 0.075 0.069 0 0 0 0.072 0.072 0.070 147 163*‡ 99 0 1 0 24.9 26.7 22.4 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site - listed value is the highest official current AQS reading. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 72 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Falcon Field (FF) (04-013-1010) Site Location: Greenfield & McKellips Rd., Mesa Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: Monitoring began in June of 1989. The site is located at a fire station near an airfield within a growing residential area. This SLAMS location monitors for O3 only. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) O3 Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) th 3-year Avg. of O3 4 Highest Value (ppm) 2013 2014 2015 0.082* 0.088* 0.084* 5 4 3 0.072 0.074 0.075 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 73 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Fountain Hills (FH) (04-013-9704) Site Location: Fountain Hills Blvd. & Palisades Blvd., Fountain Hills Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Max. Ozone Conc. Site Description: The site is located at a Fountain Hills fire station, and it became operational in April of 1996. The site is located approximately 15 miles downwind from the Phoenix metropolitan area and represents the high downwind O3 concentrations on the fringes of the central basin district along the predominant summer/fall daytime wind direction. The site was shutdown from August 27, 2013 through May 14, 2014 for complex renovation. This SLAMS location monitors for O3 only. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) O3 Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) th 3-year Avg. of O3 4 Highest Value (ppm) 2013 2014 2015 0.072@ 0.075@ 0.075 0 0 0 0.074@ 0.071@ 0.069 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard #Indicates a violation of the standard @ = <75% data completeness (223 valid daily observations in 2014) FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 74 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Glendale (GL) (04-013-2001) Site Location: 59th Ave. & Olive Ave., Glendale Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: The site is located on the grounds of Glendale Community College in a populous residential area. Homes, various strip malls, food establishments, and parks surround the site. This SLAMS location monitors for CO seasonally, O3, PM10, PM2.5. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. CO O3 PM10 2013 2014 2015 1.6 1.4 1.6 0 0 0 0.077* 0.079* 0.071 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) 3-year Avg. of O3 4th Highest Value (ppm) 2 2 0 0.076# 0.074 0.070 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 210*‡ 205*‡ 78 2 1 0 27.5 27.4 18.3 90.0* 50.0* 26.9 1 1 0 7.52 7.73 6.96 16.6 18.6 18.9 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances 3 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) 3 Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m ) PM2.5 Number of 24-hr PM2.5 Exceedances Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) th 3 PM2.5 98 Percentile Value (µg/m ) *Indicates an exceedance of the standard #Indicates a violation of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site - listed value is the highest official current AQS reading. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 75 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Greenwood (GR) (04-013-3010) Site Location: 27th Ave. & I-10, Phoenix Spatial Scale: Middle Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: Monitoring began at this site in December 1993. The station is bordered by I-10, homes, and the Greenwood Cemetery. Interstate-17 is approximately one mile to the east of the site. This SLAMS location monitors for CO, NO2, and PM10. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, and wind speed/direction. CO NO2 PM10 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) 2013 2014 2015 2.5 2.6 2.4 0 0 0 24.58 24.55 21.91 Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances Annual NO2 Avg. (ppb) NO2 1-hour Average 98th Percentile (ppb) Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 64.3 64.0 61.0 273*‡ 208*‡ 106 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances 3 2 0 41.5 44.0 34.8 3 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) *Indicates an exceedance of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site - listed value is the highest official current AQS reading. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 76 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Higley (HI) (04-013-4006) Site Location: Higley Rd. & Williams Field Rd., Gilbert Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: Originally, in 1994, ADEQ setup this site to monitor for background particulate concentrations near the urban limits of Maricopa County. Since then, urban expansion has enveloped the site, so it no longer serves its original intended purpose. The AMD has monitored for PM10 since the second quarter of 2000. This is a neighborhood scale station with a monitoring type of high population exposure. The Roosevelt Water District asked us to remove the site from their property by end 2014, because they could no longer house the station. The station was shutdown on November 4, 2014, prior to a new location being identified, and approved by EPA. The AMD plans to relocate the station to a nearby geographical area as soon as possible. This SLAMS location monitored for PM10, only. Meteorological monitors operating at this site included: ambient temperature, barometric pressure, and wind speed/direction. Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) PM10 2013 2014 211*‡ 179*‡ 1 2 34.6 34.8 Number exceedances 24-hr PM10 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 2015 Not Operating *Indicates an exceedance of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site - listed value is the highest official current AQS reading FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 77 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Humboldt Mountain (HM) (04-013-9508) Site Location: Humboldt Mountain Summit Spatial Scale: Regional Site Type: Max. Ozone Conc. Site Description: This site became operational in August 1995. The Humboldt Mountain site is located on Federal Aviation Agency property, in a National Forest Service building within the Tonto National Forest. This site is located approximately 40 miles north-northeast of the Phoenix metropolitan area at an elevation of 5190 feet. This SLAMS location monitors for O3 only. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature and relative humidity. Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) O3 Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) th 3-year Avg. of O3 4 Highest Value (ppm) 2013 2014 2015 0.078* 0.082* 0.076* 1 3 1 0.076# 0.075 0.073 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard #Indicates a violation of the standard FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 78 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Mesa (ME) (04-013-1003) Site Location: Broadway Rd. & Brooks Ave., Mesa Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: This site is located at the City of Mesa - Brooks Reservoir, which is located in an area that contains residential, commercial, and industrial properties. In December 2012, following a ten-month site construction by the City of Mesa, the site began operation again with new continuous PM10, PM2.5, and O3 monitors. This SLAMS location monitors for CO seasonally, O3, PM10, and PM2.5. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. CO O3 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) 3-year Avg. of O3 4th Highest Value (ppm) 3 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) PM10 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 3 Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m ) PM2.5 Number of 24-hr PM2.5 Exceedances Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) th 3 PM2.5 98 Percentile Value (µg/m ) 2013 2014 2015 1.2 4.2 1.5 0 0 0 0.086* 0.086* 0.082* 6 6 4 NA NA 0.078 151 155*‡ 66 0 1 0 28.8 30.4 17.2 (31.9) 33.9 23.2 0 0 0 (5.69) 8.02 6.68 (12.8) 20.3 16.6 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site - listed value is the highest official current AQS reading. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 79 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department North Phoenix (NP) (04-013-1004) Site Location: 7th St. & Butler Ave., Phoenix Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: This site is located in the Sunnyslope area of North Phoenix. The site is surrounded by residential and commercial properties. This SLAMS location monitors for CO seasonally, O3, and PM10, PM2.5. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, delta T (temperature inversion), barometric pressure, solar radiation, and wind speed/direction. CO 2013 2014 2015 1.3 1.4 1.4 0 0 0 0.080* 0.082* 0.078* 7 6 2 0.081# 0.080# 0.077# 151 199*‡ 79 0 1 0 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) 28.8 27.9 18.5 Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) 57.3* 33.9 21.4 1 0 0 8.00 8.02 6.73 17.2 20.3 17.8 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) O3 Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) th 3-year Avg. of 4 Highest Value (ppm) Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) PM10 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances 3 PM2.5 Number of 24-hr PM2.5 Exceedances 3 Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m ) th 3 PM2.5 98 Percentile Value (µg/m ) *Indicates an exceedance of the standard #Indicates a violation of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site - listed value is the highest official current AQS reading. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 80 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Pinnacle Peak (PP) (04-013-2005) Site Location: Alma School & Happy Valley Rd., Scottsdale Spatial Scale: Urban Site Type: Max. Ozone Conc. Site Description: The site is located in a geographic area of low-density population (less than 2500 people per square mile). In the current and previous years, O3 exceedances have been recorded due to transport of O3 and precursors from more urbanized areas of metropolitan Phoenix. This SLAMS location monitors for O3 only. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) 3-year Avg. of O3 4th Highest Value (ppm) 2013 2014 2015 0.080* 0.088* 0.083* 5 6 4 0.077# 0.078# 0.078# *Indicates an exceedance of the standard #Indicates a violation of the standard FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 81 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Rio Verde (RV) (04-013-9706) Site Location: Forest Rd. & Del Ray Ave., Rio Verde Spatial Scale: Urban Site Type: Max. Ozone Conc. Site Description: This site has been in operation since the spring of 1997. The monitor is located at the fire station / County Sheriff’s Office Sub-Station located in a residential area surrounded by the desert of Tonto National Forest. The site is on the edge of a Class I Wilderness Area. This SLAMS location monitors for O3 only. No meteorological monitors operate at this site. O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) 3-year Avg. of O3 4th Highest Value (ppm) 2013 2014 2015 0.074 0.085* 0.070 0 2 0 0.075 0.072 0.071 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 82 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department South Phoenix (SP) (04-013-4003) Site Location: Central Ave. & Broadway Rd., Phoenix Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: The site has operated at its current location since October 1999. The site borders a mixture of high population density residential and commercial properties. This SLAMS location monitors for CO seasonally, O3, PM10, and PM2.5. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. CO O3 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) 3-year Avg. of O3 4th Highest Value (ppm) 3 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) PM10 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances 3 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) 3 Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m ) PM2.5 Number of 24-hr PM2.5 Exceedances 3 Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m ) th 3 PM2.5 98 Percentile value (µg/m ) 2013 2014 2015 2.3 2.0 2.1 0 0 0 0.081* 0.080* 0.073 3 2 0 0.076# 0.075 0.072 294*‡ 170*‡ 86 2 3 0 38.6 40.6 25.5 97.3* 101.7* 44.6 4 1 2 9.59 10.27 8.99 25.8 26.5 27.7 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard #Indicates a violation of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 83 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department South Scottsdale (SS) (04-013-3003) Site Location: Thomas Rd. & Miller Rd., Scottsdale Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: The South Scottsdale site is located at a City of Scottsdale fire station. The area surrounding the site is residential with a density of 2500 to 5000 persons per square mile. Previously, SO2 was monitored here, but was discontinued in 2010 due to extremely low values being recorded. The SO2 monitor was moved to the DC site, which is closer to SO2 point sources. In addition, NO2 was monitored here, but this was discontinued in 2011. The last year for reporting NO2 data in the ANMP was 2014. This SLAMS location monitors for CO seasonally, O3, and PM10. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. CO O3 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) 3-year Avg. of O3 4th Highest Value (ppm) 3 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) PM10 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances 3 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) 2013 2014 2015 1.4 1.4 1.4 0 0 0 0.079* 0.078* 0.074 2 1 0 0.076# 0.075 0.071 195*‡ 193*‡ 86 1 2 0 26.0 31.0 24.1 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard #Indicates a violation of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 84 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Tempe (TE) (04-013-4005) Site Location: Apache Blvd. & College Ave., Tempe Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: The site began operating in 2000 and it is located near the ASU Tempe Campus. The site is surrounded by residential homes, some high-density residential properties, and a railroad track. In spring 2015, the site was temporarily shutdown due to the owner, Arizona Public Service – a power provider, needing to make infrastructure upgrades to the site. This SLAMS location monitors for CO seasonally, O3, PM10, and PM2.5. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, delta T (temperature inversion), rain, and wind speed/direction. CO 2013 2014 2015 1.3 1.4 1.4 0 0 0 0.077* 0.077* 0.055 1 1 0 3-year Avg. of O3 4 Highest Value (ppm) 0.071 0.071 0.064 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 227*‡ 175*‡ 52 1 1 0 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) 28.3 28.7 18.4 Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) 51.1* 44.0* 19.1 1 1 0 8.69 8.63 8.88 17.9 17.4 16.9 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) O3 Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) th PM10 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances 3 PM2.5 Number of 24-hr PM2.5 Exceedances 3 Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m ) th 3 PM2.5 98 Percentile Value (µg/m ) *Indicates an exceedance of standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 85 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Thirty-Third (TT) (04-013-4020) Site Location: Interstate-10 & 33rd Ave., Phoenix Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Source-Oriented Site Description: The Thirty-Third site was the second near-road air monitoring site established by MCAQD on the south side of the I-10 highway just east of 33rd Avenue. The site is oriented east-west and is located about three meters (midway) downslope from 33rd Avenue toward the I-10. It is assessable from the frontage road, offering safety, and we have erected a secure shelter for housing the monitoring instruments. In September 2015, we began reporting CO, NO2, and PM2.5 data. The only SLAMS monitor is NO2; the CO and PM2.5 were SPMs. The SPMs collected CO and PM2.5 data from September through March 2016 to support the wintertime speciation study. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature and wind speed/direction. 2013 CO NO2 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances 0 Annual NO2 Avg. (ppb) 31.86 th NO2 1-hr 98 Percentile Avg. (ppb) Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m ) Number of 24-hr PM2.5 Exceedances 3 Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m ) th N/A N/A 64.0 35.3 0 10.48 3 PM2.5 98 Percentile Value (µg/m ) FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan 2015 2.8 3 PM2.5 2014 Page 86 of 205 34.0 Maricopa County Air Quality Department West Chandler (WC) (04-013-4004) Site Location: Frye Rd. & Ellis St., Chandler Spatial Scale: Neighborhood (CO and O3), Middle (PM10) Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: This site was established in January 1995. Wide ranges of land uses surround the site including residential, agriculture, and heavy industry (semiconductor manufacturing plants and liquid air storage). This SLAMS location monitors for CO seasonally, O3, and PM10. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed/direction. CO 2013 2014 2015 1.3 1.7 1.6 0 0 0 0.081* 0.074 0.072 Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) 1 0 0 th 3-year Avg. of the O3 4 Highest Value (ppm) 0.072 0.071 0.070 Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) 234*‡ 163*‡ 121 3 1 0 28.5 29.3 23.7 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number of 8-hr CO Exceedances Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) O3 PM10 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances 3 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) *Indicates an exceedance of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 87 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department West 43rd Avenue (WF) (04-013-4009) Site Location: 43rd Ave. & Broadway Rd., Phoenix Spatial Scale: Middle Site Type: Highest Concentration Site Description: Monitoring began at the site in the 2nd quarter of 2002. This site is located at a Maricopa County Department of Transportation storage lot and is surrounded by a combination of heavy industry and residential homes. The main purpose of the site is to measure maximum PM10 concentration. The sources around the site include sand and gravel operations, automobile and metal recycling facilities, landfills, paved and unpaved haul roads, and cement casting. This SLAMS location monitors for PM10. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, delta T (temperature inversion), and wind speed/direction. Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) PM10 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances 3 Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m ) 2013 2014 2015 301*‡ 171*‡ 132 4 1 0 42.5 45.9 36.5 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 88 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department West Phoenix (WP) (04-013-0019) Site Location: 39th Ave. & Earll Dr., Phoenix Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Population Exposure (CO, NO2, O3, PM10), Highest Concentration (PM2.5) Site Description: This site has been operational since 1984. The spatial scale for the West Phoenix site is Neighborhood. It is located in an area of stable, high-density residential properties. This SLAMS location monitors for CO, NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5. In addition, this is a QA collocation site for PM2.5 where the MCAQD operates one filter-based PM2.5 FRM sampler along with one continuous PM2.5 FEM analyzer as per 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix A. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature, barometric pressure, delta T (temperature inversion), and wind speed/direction. CO NO2 O3 PM10 PM2.5 Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (ppm) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Annual NO2 Avg. (ppb) NO2 1-hr Avg. 98th Percentile (ppb) Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (ppm) Number of O3 Daily Exceedances (>0.075 ppm) O3 3-year Avg. of 4th High (ppm) Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances Annual PM10 Avg. (µg/m3) Max. 24-hr PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) Number of 24-hr PM2.5 Exceedances Annual PM2.5 Avg. (µg/m3) PM2.5 98th Percentile Value 2013 2.7 0 17.97 69.0 0.083* 4 0.079# 255*‡ 2 35.7 76.0* (53.0*) 1 (3) 10.16 (10.57) 28.0 2014 4.2 0 17.97 57.0 0.079* 4 0.078# 210*‡ 2 38.8 170.7* 3 11.13 28.9 2015 2.8 0 16.39 55.0 0.076* 2 0.075 72 0 23.2 40.5 2 8.6 27.5 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard #Indicates a violation of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site - listed value is the highest official current AQS reading. NOTE: For 2013, the first value is from the filter-based monitor; second value shown in parenthesis is from continuous monitor. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 89 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Zuni Hills (ZH) (04-013-4016) Site Location: 109th Ave. & Deer Valley Rd., Phoenix Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Site Type: Population Exposure Site Description: This site opened in December 2009 and is located on the campus of the Zuni Hills Elementary School, which is approximately 1.7 miles to the northeast from the now closed Coyote Lakes monitor. Coyote Lakes was a source-oriented, middle-scale PM10 site that was situated in the Agua Fria River bottom adjacent to sand and gravel mines. Zuni Hills replaced this with a populationoriented, neighborhood-scale site that is situated on the higher-elevation riverbank. This site will theoretically be able to represent the air quality for a larger area and a greater number of people. The site was temporarily shutdown for construction occurring in the area June 2014 - August 2014. This SLAMS location monitors for PM10, only. Meteorological monitors operating at this site include ambient temperature and wind speed/direction. Max. 24-hr PM10 Avg.(µg/m3) PM10 Number of 24-hr PM10 Exceedances 3 Annual PM10 Avg.(µg/m ) 2013 2014 2015 165*‡ 166*‡ 81 1 1 0 23.5 24.0 21.5 *Indicates an exceedance of the standard ‡Indicates EEs at this site - listed value is the highest official current AQS reading. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 90 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department APPENDIX II - EPA-REQUIRED SITE METADATA Detailed information includes compliance information regarding air monitoring technical specifications found in 40 CFR §58.10 and Appendices A, C, D, and E (QA, monitoring methods, network design, and monitor siting) FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 91 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Required General Statement Regarding Changes to the PM2.5 Network In the event the department needed to move or change a violating PM2.5 monitor, this procedure would be followed. The department would hold a public hearing regarding the requested change. Details and documentation of the requested change, as well as all public comments, would then be forwarded to the EPA R9 for approval. Any action on the department’s part will be dependent on EPA R9 approval. Please note that the previous statement is general in nature and required in this annual network review by 40 CFR Part 58. The department does not currently have any violating PM2.5 monitors, nor does it have any proposals to move any PM2.5 monitors. Appendix II Site Schematic Descriptions Analysis Method (filter samples only) refers to the method used to process and analyze PM and Pb filter samples. Distance from Supporting Structure refers to those sample probes that are attached to a supporting structure, such as the side of a building. In most cases, the sample probe is located above the supporting structure, in which case the entry will show as “N/A”, aka, not applicable. Distance from Obstructions refers to those obstructions, both on the roof and off the roof, which are located higher than the probe. In the case of a nearby obstruction being higher than the probe, details of its location will be listed in the entry. If there are no obstructions higher than the probe, then the entry will be N/A. Accuracy Audits Include: Dates of Annual Performance Evaluation refers to the 2015 QA audits on the gaseous analyzers. These evaluations are performed by the AMD’s QA team. Twenty-five percent of the monitors operating within each gaseous pollutant’s network are evaluated quarterly; thereby, each monitor is evaluated at least once per year as per 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix A, §3.2.2. Dates of Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit refers to the 2015 QA audits on PM monitors as per 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix A, §§ 3.2.4 and 3.3.4, respectively. These evaluations are performed by the AMD’s QA team at least once every six months. Dates of Quarterly Flow Rate Audit refers to the 2015 QA audits on the Pb monitors as per 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix A § 3.4. These evaluations are performed by the AMD’s QA team at least once per quarter beginning in 2106. Probe Sample Line Material refers to the material makeup of the intake sample lines. Pollutant Sample Residence Time refers to the amount of time that it takes a sample of air to travel between the probe inlet and the bulkhead of the analyzer. This residence time is calculated by a formula that is based on the sample line’s diameter and length, and the flow rate of the air intake. It is important to keep residence time low to prevent gases in the air sample from reacting with the sample line material or with other gases in the sample; i.e., O3 could react with nitrogen oxides in the sample if the residence time exceeds 20 seconds. This measurement applies to CO, NO2, SO2, and O3 sample lines. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 92 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department BLUE POINT County ID: BP AQS ID: 04-013-9702 Address: Bush Highway & Usery Pass Road, Maricopa County Coordinates: 33.54549N, -111.60925W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? N/A Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed Annually 32 Number of Accuracy Audits Performed Annually 4 05/06/15 05/22/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on the Gaseous Analyzer 06/17/15 11/04/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 01/01/1993 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Teledyne API - M400 Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Max Ozone Concentration Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Urban Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A Probe Inlet Height 8.9 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Pollutant Sample Residence Time 7.6 seconds Distance from Supporting Structure 3 meters FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 93 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Distance from Obstructions Distance to Furnace Flue Spacing from Trees Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Groundcover FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 94 of 205 3.5 meters None 6 meters Bush Highway 160 meters, S 1,000 Paved Maricopa County Air Quality Department BUCKEYE County ID: BE AQS ID: 04-013-4011 Address 26453 W MC85 Coordinates: 33.37005N, -111.62070W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information CO NO2 42101 42602 1 1 Continuous Continuous N/A N/A Pollutant O3 PM10 Parameter Code 44201 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move No No No No Monitor? Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks 15 *27 *34 21 Performed Annually Number of Accuracy Audits Performed 3 2 3 6 Annually 02/18/15 04/14/15 02/03/15 04/14/15 05/01/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous 03/17/15 07/07/15 05/12/15 6/09/15 & PM Analyzers 09/30/15 10/13/15 06/23/15 08/18/15 11/10/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Yes Yes Yes Yes Submitted to AQS? Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Appendix C Requirements – Monitoring Methodology Date Established 08/01/2004 08/01/2004 08/01/2004 08/01/2004 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API – Teledyne API – Teledyne API – Thermo – TEOM Monitor Make - Model M300 M200 M400 1405-S Method Code 093 099 087 079 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A N/A Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type N/A N/A N/A Size Specific Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FRM FEM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 95 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison NAAQS Comparison NAAQS Comparison NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Neighborhood Urban Neighborhood Neighborhood Represented) Monitoring Season Sep-Mar Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Yes Yes Yes Yes Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A N/A N/A N/A Probe Inlet Height 4 meters 4 meters 4 meters 4.5 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º 360º Distance from Supporting Structure 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters 2.1 meters Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Teflon Teflon™ N/A Pollutant Sample Residence Time 7.12 seconds 7.12 seconds 7.12 seconds N/A Distance from Obstructions None None None None Distance to Furnace Flue None None None None Spacing from Trees 14 meters, N 14 meters, N 14 meters, N 14 meters, N Nearest Major Roadway US Hwy 85 US Hwy 85 US Hwy 85 US Hwy 85 Distance and Direction to Road 31 meters, N 31 meters, N 31 meters, N 31 meters, N Traffic Count (ADT) 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Groundcover Paved Paved Paved Paved * The number of precision checks is 32. Several reports with date errors were entered into AQS; but this has no impact on the percent completeness. A corrective action plan is being developed. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 96 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department CAVE CREEK County ID: CC AQS ID: 04-013-4008 Address: 37019 N Lava Lane, Phoenix Coordinates: 33.82169N, -112.01739W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? N/A Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed Annually 24 Number of Accuracy Audits Performed Annually 5 03/24/15 05/05/15 09/25/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on the Gaseous Analyzer 10/06/15 10/20/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-weekly Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 07/20/2001 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Teledyne - API M400 Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Max Ozone Concentration Basic Monitoring Objective Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Monitoring Season Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? NAAQS Comparison Urban Jan-Dec Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A Probe Inlet Height 4.8 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Pollutant Sample Residence Time 11.4 seconds FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 97 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Distance from Supporting Structure Distance from Obstructions Distance to Furnace Flue Spacing from Trees Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Groundcover FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 98 of 205 2.5 meters None None 14.9 meters 32nd Street 240 meters, NE 1,000 Paved Maricopa County Air Quality Department CENTRAL PHOENIX County ID: CP AQS ID: 04-013-3002 Address: 1645 E Roosevelt, Phoenix Coordinates: 33.45793N, -112.04601W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant CO NO2 O3 SO2 PM10 Parameter Code 42101 42602 44201 42401 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 6 1 4 4 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Analysis Method N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A (sample filters only) Any Proposal to Remove or No No No No No Move Monitor? Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks 29 30 29 30 21 Performed Annually Number of Accuracy Audits 5 4 8 7 3 Performed Annually 02/24/15 04/06/15 01/27/15 04/22/15 05/05/15 07/16/15 05/05/15 06/10/15 06/02/15 06/30/15 08/12/15 08/12/15 07/16/15 08/12/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits 07/16/15 09/02/15 09/02/15 08/12/15 09/02/15 on Gaseous & PM Analyzers 10/06/15 10/06/15 12/01/15 09/02/15 11/03/15 12/01/15 12/29/15 09/10/15 11/17/15 12/31/15 12/01/15 12/01/15 All Precision/Accuracy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Reports Submitted to AQS? Annual Data Certification 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Submitted? Frequency of One-Point QC Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A Check Frequency of Flow Rate N/A N/A N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Verification Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 10/01/1966 01/01/1967 06/01/1967 01/01/1965 04/01/1985 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API - Teledyne API - Teledyne API - Teledyne API Thermo Monitor Make - Model M300 M200 M400 M100 TEOM 1405-S Method Code 093 099 087 100 079 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A N/A N/A Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type N/A N/A N/A N/A Size Specific FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 99 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) Site Type Basic Monitoring Objective FRM FRM FEM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Highest Population Highest Exposure Concentration Exposure Concentration NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Scale Represented) Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Yes Yes Yes Yes Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated N/A N/A N/A N/A samplers Probe Inlet Height 10.3 meters 10.3 meters 10.3 meters 10.3 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Teflon™ Teflon™ Teflon™ Pollutant Sample Residence 7.5 seconds 7.5 seconds 7.5 seconds 7.5 seconds Time Distance from Supporting 2.5 meters 2.5 meters 2.5 meters 2.5 meters Structure Distance from Obstructions None None None None Distance to Furnace Flue None None None None Spacing from Trees None None None None th th th Nearest Major Roadway A 16 Street 16 Street 16 Street 16th Street Distance and Direction to 88 meters, W 88 meters, W 88 meters, W 88 meters, W Road Traffic Count (ADT) 24,00 24,000 24,000 24,000 Nearest Major Roadway B Roosevelt St. Roosevelt St. Roosevelt St. Roosevelt St. Distance and Direction to 75 meters, N 75 meters, N 75 meters, N 75 meters, N Road Traffic Count (ADT) Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Groundcover Paved Paved Paved Paved FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 100 of 205 FEM Population Exposure NAAQS Comparison Neighborhood Jan-Dec Yes N/A 10.3 meters 360º N/A N/A 2.1 meters None None None 16th Street 91 meters, W 24,000 Roosevelt St. 75 meters, N Unknown Paved Maricopa County Air Quality Department DEER VALLEY County ID: DV AQS ID: 04-013-4018 Address: 1030 West Deer Valley Road, Phoenix Coordinates: 33.684627N, -112.08635W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pb Primary Pollutant Pb Secondary Note: This is a collocated site for Pb. Parameter Code Parameter Occurrence Code Collection Frequency Analysis Method (sample filters only) Analytical Laboratory 14129 14129 1 2 1 in 6 days 1 in 12 days EQL-0510-191 EQL-0510-191 Pima County Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department (RWRD) Compliance and Regulatory Affairs Office (CRAO) Laboratory Any Proposal to Remove or Move No No Monitor? Is site suitable for comparison to N/A N/A PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Flow Rate 28 collocated QA filter samples Checks Performed Annually In 2016, precision flow checks will be conducted quarterly at minimum. Number of Accuracy Audits 2 2 Performed Annually 03/05/15 03/05/15 Date of Accuracy Audits on Samplers 12/16/15 12/16/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Yes Yes Submitted to AQS? Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Quarterly Quarterly Frequency of Flow Rate Audits Semi-Annual Semi-Annual Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 07/21/2010 07/21/2010 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Thermo / Hi-Q TSP Sampler Thermo / Hi-Q TSP Sampler Note: Current monitor is shown first. Method Code 802 802 Pb Monitor Flow Type High Volume High Volume Pb Monitor Collection Type Total Suspended Particulates Total Suspended Particulates Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FRM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Source-Oriented Source-Oriented Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison NAAQS Comparison FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 101 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Middle Scale Middle Scale Represented) Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Yes Yes Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers 2.7 meters 2.7 meters Probe Inlet Height 4.1 meters 4.1 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material N/A N/A Pollutant Sample Residence Time N/A N/A Filter Sample Material Glass Glass Distance from Supporting Structure 1.1 meters 1.1 meters Distance from Obstructions None None Distance to Furnace Flue None None Spacing from Trees None None Nearest Major Roadway Deer Valley Road Deer Valley Road Distance and Direction to Road 300 meters, S 300 meters, S Traffic Count (ADT) 6,452 6,452 Groundcover Paved Paved FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 102 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department DIABLO County ID: DI AQS ID: 04-013-4019 Address: 1919 W. Fairmount Dr., Tempe Coordinates: 33.39625N, -111.96797W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant CO NO2 PM2.5 Parameter Code 42101 42602 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A N/A N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No No No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 N/A N/A Yes NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed 30 30 22 Annually Number of Accuracy Audits Performed 8 9 3 Annually Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous & PM Analyzers All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to AQS? Annual Data Certification Submitted? 01/30/15 02/26/15 03/27/15 04/22/15 07/21/15 09/03/15 11/10/15 11/17/15 01/27/15 01/30/15 02/26/15 03/18/15 03/27/15 07/15/16 09/03/15 09/09/15 11/10/15 04/07/15 07/14/16 11/17/15 Yes Yes Yes 04/25/16 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A N/A Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 2/13/2014 02/13/2014 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API Teledyne API Monitor Make - Model M300 M200 Method Code 093 099 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A PM Monitor Collection Type N/A N/A Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FRM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Source-Oriented Source-Oriented FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 103 of 205 04/25/16 N/A Bi-Weekly 05/01/2014 SLAMS Thermo - TEOM 1405-DF 182 Low Volume Dichotomous FEM Source-Oriented Maricopa County Air Quality Department Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Micro Jan-Dec NAAQS Comparison Micro Jan-Dec NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Micro Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Yes Yes Yes Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A N/A N/A Probe Inlet Height 5 meters 5 meters 5 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Teflon™ N/A Pollutant Sample Residence Time 7.14 seconds 7.14 seconds N/A Distance from Supporting Structure 2.6 meters 2.6 meters 2.4 meters Distance from Obstructions None None None Distance to Furnace Flue No Furnace No Furnace No Furnace Spacing from Trees None None None Nearest Major Roadway A Interstate-10 Interstate-10 Interstate-10 Distance and Direction to Road 30 meters, E 30 meters, E 30 meters, E Traffic Count (ADT) 275,000 275,000 275,000 Nearest Major Roadway B Fairmount Dr. Fairmount Dr. Fairmount Dr. Distance and Direction to Road 18 meters, N 18 meters, N 18 meters, N Traffic Count (ADT) 3,000 3,000 3,000 Groundcover Paved/Gravel Paved/Gravel Paved/Gravel FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 104 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department DURANGO COMPLEX County ID: DC AQS ID: 04-013-9812 Address: 2702 RC Esterbrooks Blvd, Phoenix Coordinates: 33.42650N, -112.11814W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information - NAAQS Air Monitoring Pollutant PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Parameter Code 81102 88101 42401 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 3 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A N/A N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move No No No Monitor? Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 N/A Yes N/A NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed 11 17 30 Annually Number of Accuracy Audits Performed 11 3 6 Annually Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous & PM Analyzers 01/16/15 02/11/15 04/17/15 05/01/15 07/15/15 07/30/15 08/25/15 09/25/15 10/09/15 11/18/15 12/16/15 01/16/15 07/30/15 10/09/15 04/07/15 04/10/15 06/04/15 09/17/15 09/24/15 12/02/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted Yes Yes Yes to AQS? Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Frequency of Flow Rate Verification Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 07/01/1999 07/01/2005 01/01/2011 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Thermo - TEOM Thermo - TEOM Teledyne API Monitor Make - Model 1405-DF 1405-DF M100 Note: PM10 and PM2.5 are measured by the same monitor. The TEOM 1405-DF collects air for both PM10 and PM2.5 measurements through the same inlet. Method Code 079 182 100 PM Monitor Flow Type Low Volume Low Volume N/A FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 105 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department PM Monitor Collection Type Dichotomous Dichotomous N/A Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM FEM FRM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Highest Highest Highest Site Type Concentration Concentration Concentration NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Middle Middle Middle Represented) Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Yes Yes Yes Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A N/A N/A Distance between PM monitor inlets? 0 meters 0 meters N/A Note: PM10 and PM2.5 are measured by the same monitor. The TEOM 1405-DF collects air for both PM10 and PM2.5 measurements through the same inlet. Probe Inlet Height 3.8 meters 3.8 meters 3.9 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material N/A N/A Teflon™ Pollutant Sample Residence Time N/A N/A 6.61 sec Distance from Supporting Structure 3.7 meters 2 meters 2 meters Distance from Obstructions 8 meters 8 meters 2 meters Distance to Furnace Flue None None None Spacing from Trees 8 meters, S 8 meters, S 8 meters, S th th Nearest Major Roadway 27 Ave 27 Ave 27th Ave Distance and Direction to Road 78 meters, E 76 meters, E 76 meters, E Traffic Count (ADT) 16,000 16,000 16,000 Groundcover Paved Paved Paved FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 106 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department DYSART County ID: DY AQS ID: 04-013-4010 Address: 16825 N Dysart Rd, Surprise Coordinates: 33.63713N, -112.34184W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant CO O3 PM10 Parameter Code 42101 44201 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A N/A N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No No No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed 22 15 30 * Annually Number of Accuracy Audits Performed 2 5 3 Annually 01/07/15 06/25/15 04/01/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous & PM 03/05/15 07/09/15 05/01/15 Analyzers 09/01/15 10/15/15 06/25/15 10/15/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to Yes Yes Yes AQS? Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 09/01/2003 7/21/2003 07/14/2003 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API Teledyne API Thermo - TEOM Monitor Make - Model M300 M400 1405-S Method Code 093 087 079 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type N/A N/A Size Specific Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FEM FRM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 107 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Neighborhood Monitoring Season Sep-Mar Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Yes Yes Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A N/A Probe Inlet Height 3.8 meters 3.8 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Teflon™ Pollutant Sample Residence Time 5.3 seconds 5.3 seconds Distance from Supporting Structure 2 meters 2 meters Distance from Obstructions None None Distance to Furnace Flue None None Spacing from Trees None None Nearest Major Roadway A Dysart Dysart Distance and Direction to Road 17 meters, W 17 meters, W Traffic Count (ADT) 12,000 12,000 Nearest Major Roadway B Bell Rd Bell Rd Distance and Direction to Road 495 meters, N 495 meters, N Traffic Count (ADT) 43,000 43,000 Groundcover Paved/Gravel Paved/Gravel * Neighborhood Jan-Dec Yes N/A 3.6 meters 360º N/A N/A 2 meters 7.7 meters None None Dysart 12 meters, W 12,000 Bell Rd 460 meters, N 43,000 Paved/Gravel The number of precision checks is 27. Several reports with date errors were entered into AQS; but this has no impact on the percent completeness. A corrective action plan is being developed. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 108 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department FALCON FIELD County ID: FF AQS ID: 04-013-1010 Address: 4530 E McKellips Rd, Mesa Coordinates: 33.45223N, -111.73331W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? N/A Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed Annually *29 Number of Accuracy Audits Performed Annually 4 01/15/15 03/11/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous Analyzer 05/06/15 09/08/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 06/01/1989 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Teledyne API - M400 Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Population Exposure Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A Probe Inlet Height 9.3 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Pollutant Sample Residence Time 18.8 seconds Distance from Supporting Structure 2.5 meters FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 109 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Distance from Obstructions Distance to Furnace Flue Spacing from Trees Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Groundcover * None None 25+ meters McKellips 58 meters, S 29,000 Paved The number of precision checks is 24. Several reports with date errors were entered into AQS; but this has no impact on the percent completeness. A corrective action plan is being developed. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 110 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department FOUNTAIN HILLS County ID: FH AQS ID: 04-013-9704 Address: 16426 E. Palisades Blvd., Fountain Hills Coordinates: 33.61103N, -111.72529W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 NAAQS per N/A Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed Annually 30 * Number of Accuracy Audits Performed 4 01/26/15 05/04/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous Analyzer 07/21/15 09/01/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 04/01/1996 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Teledyne API - M400 Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Max Ozone Concentration Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Yes Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A Probe Inlet Height 4.3 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 111 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Pollutant Sample Residence Time Distance from Supporting Structure Distance from Obstructions Distance to Furnace Flue Spacing from Trees Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Groundcover * 4.2 seconds 2 meters Canopy 1 meter higher than probe, located 9 meters to the south None 15 meters, W Palisades Blvd 70 meters, SW 8,000 Paved The number of precision checks is 28. Several reports with date errors were entered into AQS; but this has no impact on the percent completeness. A corrective action plan is being developed. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 112 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department GLENDALE County ID: GL AQS ID: 04-013-2001 Address: 6001 W Olive, Glendale Coordinates: 33.57454N, -112.19196W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information CO O3 42101 44201 1 1 Continuous Continuous Pollutant PM10 PM2.5 Parameter Code 81102 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters N/A N/A N/A N/A only) Any Proposal to Remove or No No No No Move Monitor? Is site suitable for comparison to N/A N/A N/A Yes PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks 15 25 * 16 20 Performed Annually Number of Accuracy Audits 2 6 14 3 Performed Annually Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous and PM Analyzers 03/05/15 09/03/15 01/20/15 04/01/15 04/29/15 05/15/15 10/15/15 11/24/15 01/07/15 01/20/15 02/15/15 02/19/15 03/05/15 04/01/15 04/14/15 04/28/15 06/25/15 07/09/15 10/15/15 11/09/15 11/24/15 12/11/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Yes Yes Yes Submitted to AQS? Annual Data Certification 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Submitted? Frequency of One-Point QC Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A Check Frequency of Flow Rate N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Verification Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 01/01/1974 01/01/1974 07/01/1987 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 113 of 205 06/25/15 07/09/15 10/15/15 Yes 04/25/16 N/A Bi-Weekly 6/1/2011 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API – Teledyne API - Thermo - TEOM Thermo - TEOM Monitor Make - Model M300 M400 1405-DF 1405-DF Note: PM10 and PM2.5 are measured by the same monitor. The TEOM 1405-DF collects air for both PM10 and PM2.5 measurements through the same inlet. Method Code 093 087 079 182 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A Low Volume Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type N/A N/A Dichotomous Dichotomous Method Type (FRM, FEM, FRM FEM FEM FEM ARM) Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Represented) Monitoring Season Sep-Mar Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Yes Yes Yes Yes Number of Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated N/A N/A N/A N/A samplers Probe Inlet Height 3.7 meters 3.7 meters 3.4 meters 4.0 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Teflon™ N/A N/A Pollutant Sample Residence 4.5 seconds 4.5 seconds N/A N/A Time Distance from Supporting 2 meters 2 meters 2.1 meters 3.1 meters Structure Distance from Obstructions 2.5m 2.5m None None Distance to Furnace Flue None None None None Spacing from Trees None None None None Nearest Major Roadway A Olive Ave Olive Ave Olive Ave Olive Ave Distance and Direction to Road 225 meters, S 225 meters, S 227 meters, S 227 meters, S Traffic Count (ADT) 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 th th th Nearest Major Roadway B 59 Ave 59 Ave 59 Ave 59th Ave Distance and Direction to Road 475 meters, E 475 meters, E 430 meters, E 430 meters, E Traffic Count (ADT) 30,500 30,500 30,500 30,500 Groundcover Paved Paved Paved Paved * The number of precision checks is 22. Several reports with date errors were entered into AQS; but this has no impact on the percent completeness. A corrective action plan is being developed. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 114 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department GREENWOOD County ID: GR AQS ID: 04-013-3010 Address: 1128 N 27th Ave., Phoenix Coordinates: 33.46093N, -112.11748W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant CO NO2 PM10 Parameter Code 42101 42602 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A N/A N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Yes No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 NAAQS N/A N/A N/A per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed 27* 26 22 Annually Number of Accuracy Audits Performed 3 3 3 Annually 02/05/15 07/09/15 01/21/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous and PM 09/30/15 11/12/15 08/04/15 Analyzers 11/12/15 11/23/15 11/12/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to Yes Yes Yes AQS? Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 11/01/1993 11/01/1993 11/01/1993 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API Teledyne API Thermo - TEOM Monitor Make - Model M300 M200 1405-S Method Code 093 099 079 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type N/A N/A Size Specific Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FRM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Middle Middle Middle Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Yes Yes Yes FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 115 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A N/A N/A Probe Inlet Height 4.2 meters 4.2 meters 4.4 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Teflon™ N/A Pollutant Sample Residence Time 5.3 seconds 5.3 seconds N/A Distance from Supporting Structure 2 meters 2 meters 2 meters Distance from Obstructions 25+ meters 25+ meters 25+ meters Distance to Furnace Flue None None None Spacing from Trees 20 meters, NW 20 meters, NW 20 meters, NW th th Nearest Major Roadway A 27 Ave 27 Ave 27th Ave Distance and Direction to Road 10 meters, E 10 meters, E 10 meters, E Traffic Count (ADT) 18,500 18,500 18,500 Nearest Major Roadway B I-10 I-10 I-10 Distance and Direction to Road 85 meters, N 85 meters, N 85 meters, N Traffic Count (ADT) 229,000 229,000 229,000 Groundcover Paved Paved Paved * The number of precision checks is 26. Several reports with date errors were entered into AQS; but this has no impact on the percent completeness. A corrective action plan is being developed. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 116 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department HIGLEY County ID: HI AQS ID: 04-013-4006 Address: To be announced Coordinates: 33.31074N, -111.72255W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant PM10 Parameter Code 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? Yes Note: In progress of reestablishing site near original location. Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? N/A Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed Annually Not operating Number of Accuracy Audits Performed Annually Not operating Dates of Accuracy Audits on PM Analyzer Not operating All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to AQS? No checks Annual Data Certification Submitted? No data Frequency of One-Point QC Check N/A Frequency of Flow Rate Verification Bi-Weekly Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 07/01/2000 Monitor Type SLAMS Thermo – Monitor Make - Model TEOM 1405-S Method Code 079 PM Monitor Flow Type Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type Size Specific Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Population Exposure Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A Probe Inlet Height 3.4 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material N/A Pollutant Sample Residence Time N/A FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 117 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Distance from Supporting Structure Distance from Obstructions Distance to Furnace Flue Spacing from Trees Nearest Major Roadway A Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Nearest Major Roadway B Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Groundcover FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 118 of 205 2.2 meters 10 meters None 10 meters Higley Rd 117 meters, E 11,500 Williams Field Rd 410 meters, S 11,500 Paved Maricopa County Air Quality Department HUMBOLDT MOUNTAIN County ID: HM AQS ID: 04-013-9508 Address: Seven Springs Rd-FAA Radar Station, Tonto National Forest Coordinates: 33.98280N, -111.79870W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 NAAQS per N/A Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed Annually 24* Number of Accuracy Audits Performed Annually 3 04/16/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous Analyzer 04/30/15 08/24/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 01/01/1993 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Teledyne API - M400 Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Max Ozone Concentration Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Regional Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Yes Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A Probe Inlet Height 3.4 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Pollutant Sample Residence Time 6.9 seconds FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 119 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Distance from Supporting Structure Distance from Obstructions Distance to Furnace Flue Spacing from Trees Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Groundcover * 2.8 meters 9 meters None None N/A (Remote mountaintop is site reached by access road, E. State Hwy 562) N/A N/A Dirt/Vegetated The number of precision checks is 23. Several reports with date errors were entered into AQS; but this has no impact on the percent completeness. A corrective action plan is being developed. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 120 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department MESA County ID: ME AQS ID: 04-013-1003 Address: 310 S. Brooks, Mesa Coordinates: 33.41045N, -111.86507W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant CO O3 PM10 PM2.5 Parameter Code 42101 44201 81102 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A N/A N/A N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move No No No No Monitor? Is site suitable for comparison to N/A N/A N/A Yes PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks 14 25 4 22 Performed Annually Number of Accuracy Audits 2 4 4 4 Performed Annually 04/09/15 02/25/15 02/25/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous 03/11/15 04/23/15 04/08/15 04/08/15 & PM Analyzers 09/09/15 05/07/15 08/12/15 08/12/15 11/04/15 11/03/15 11/03/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Yes Yes Yes Yes Submitted to AQS? Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A N/A Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 01/01/1978 11/1/2012 11/1/2012 11/1/2012 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API Teledyne API Thermo - TEOM Thermo - TEOM Monitor Make - Model M300 M400 1405-DF 1405-DF Note: PM10 and PM2.5 are measured by the same monitor. The TEOM 1405-DF collects air for both PM10 and PM2.5 measurements through the same inlet. Method Code 093 087 079 182 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A Low Volume Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type N/A N/A Dichotomous Dichotomous Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FEM FEM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Represented) FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 121 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Monitoring Season Sep-Mar Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Yes Yes Yes Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A N/A N/A Probe Inlet Height 5 meters 5 meters 6.2 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Teflon™ N/A Pollutant Sample Residence Time 6.3 seconds 6.3 seconds N/A Distance from Supporting Structure 2 meters 2 meters 2.5 meters Distance from Obstructions 25+ meters 25+ meters 25+ meters Distance to Furnace Flue None None None Spacing from Trees 25+ meters 25+ meters 25+ meters Nearest Major Roadway Broadway Rd. Broadway Rd. Broadway Rd. Distance and Direction to Road 305 meters, S 305 meters, S 305 meters, S Traffic Count (ADT) 33,000 33,000 33,000 Groundcover Paved/Gravel Paved/Gravel Paved/Gravel FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 122 of 205 Jan-Dec Yes N/A 6.9 meters 360º N/A N/A 3 meters 25+ meters None 25+ meters Broadway Rd. 305 meters, S 33,000 Paved/Gravel Maricopa County Air Quality Department NORTH PHOENIX County ID: NP AQS ID: 04-013-1004 Address: 601 E Butler Dr., Phoenix Coordinates: 33.56033N, -112.06626W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information CO O3 42101 44201 1 1 Continuous Continuous Pollutant PM10 PM2.5 Parameter Code 81102 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters N/A N/A N/A N/A only) Any Proposal to Remove or No No No No Move Monitor? Is site suitable for comparison to N/A N/A N/A Yes PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks 14 25 7 24 Performed Annually Number of Accuracy Audits 2 5 4 4 Performed Annually 03/23/15 03/09/15 03/09/15 05/05/15 06/15/15 06/15/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on 03/09/15 06/16/15 08/10/15 08/10/15 Gaseous & PM Analyzers 09/08/15 09/08/15 10/16/15 10/19/15 11/16/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Yes Yes Yes Yes Submitted to AQS? Annual Data Certification 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Submitted? Frequency of One-Point QC Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A N/A Check Frequency of Flow Rate N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Verification Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 01/01/1974 01/01/1975 9/1/2011 9/1/2011 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API Teledyne API - Thermo - TEOM Thermo - TEOM Monitor Make - Model M300 M400 1405-DF 1405-DF Note: PM10 and PM2.5 are measured by the same monitor. The TEOM 1405-DF collects air for both PM10 and PM2.5 measurements through the same inlet. Method Code 093 087 079 182 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A Low Volume Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type N/A N/A Dichotomous Dichotomous FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 123 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Method Type (FRM, FEM, FRM FEM FEM FEM ARM) Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Represented) Monitoring Season Sep-Mar Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Yes Yes Yes Yes Number of Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated N/A N/A N/A N/A samplers Probe Inlet Height 4.6 meters 4.6 meters 4.5 meters 4.5 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Teflon™ N/A N/A Pollutant Sample Residence 4.5 seconds 4.5 seconds N/A N/A Time Distance from Supporting 2.1 meters 2.1 meters 2.1 meters 3.3 meters Structure Distance from Obstructions 4 meters 4 meters 4 meters 5 meters Distance to Furnace Flue None None None None Spacing from Trees None None None None th th th th Nearest Major Roadway 7 Street 7 Street 7 Street 7 Street Distance and Direction to Road 75 meters, E 75 meters, E 75 meters, E 75 meters, E Traffic Count (ADT) 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 Groundcover Gravel Gravel Gravel Gravel FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 124 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department PINNACLE PEAK County ID: PP AQS ID: 04-013-2005 Address: 24295 N Alma School Rd, Scottsdale Coordinates: 33.70632N, -111.85562W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? N/A Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed Annually 27 Number of Accuracy Audits Performed 5 01/29/15 05/04/15 06/01/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous Analyzer 07/08/15 12/08/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 02/01/1988 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Teledyne API – M400 Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Max Ozone Concentration Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Urban Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes -Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A Probe Inlet Height 6.1 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Pollutant Sample Residence Time 4.3 seconds FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 125 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Distance from Supporting Structure Distance from Obstructions Distance to Furnace Flue Spacing from Trees Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Groundcover FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 126 of 205 3 meters 4.2 meters None None Happy Valley Rd. 61 meters, S 16,000 Paved/Grass Maricopa County Air Quality Department RIO VERDE County ID: RV AQS ID: 04-013-9706 Address: 25608 N Forest Rd., Rio Verde Coordinates: 33.71881N, -111.67183W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant O3 Parameter Code 44201 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? N/A Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed Annually 27* Number of Accuracy Audits Performed Annually 3 04/06/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous Analyzer 05/04/15 11/10/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 01/01/1997 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Teledyne API - M400 Method Code 087 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Max Ozone Concentration Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Urban Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A Probe Inlet Height 6.2 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Pollutant Sample Residence Time 19.95 seconds Distance from Supporting Structure 3 meters Distance from Obstructions 3 meters FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 127 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Distance to Furnace Flue Spacing from Trees Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Groundcover * None None Forest Rd 43 meters, E Unknown Paved The number of precision checks is 26. Several reports with date errors were entered into AQS; but this has no impact on the percent completeness. A corrective action plan is being developed. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 128 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department SOUTH PHOENIX County ID: SP AQS ID: 04-013-4003 Address: 33 W Tamarisks, Phoenix Coordinates: 33.40316N, -112.07533W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information CO O3 42101 44201 1 1 Continuous Continuous Pollutant PM10 PM2.5 Parameter Code 81102 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters N/A N/A N/A N/A only) Any Proposal to Remove or No No No No Move Monitor? Is site suitable for comparison to N/A N/A N/A Yes PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks 16 28* 23 23 Performed Annually Number of Accuracy Audits 2 4 3 3 Performed Annually 04/17/15 05/13/15 05/13/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on 03/04/15 05/01/15 08/05/15 08/05/15 Gaseous & PM Analyzers 09/03/15 06/24/15 11/25/15 11/25/15 11/25/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Yes Yes Yes Yes Submitted to AQS? Annual Data Certification 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Submitted? Frequency of One-Point QC Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A N/A Check Frequency of Flow Rate N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Verification Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 10/01/1999 10/01/1999 7/1/2007 05/01/2010 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API – Teledyne API – Thermo - TEOM Thermo - TEOM Monitor Make - Model M300 M400 1405-DF 1405-DF Note: PM10 and PM2.5 are measured by the same monitor. The TEOM 1405-DF collects air for both PM10 and PM2.5 measurements through the same inlet. Method Code 093 087 079 182 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A Low Volume Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type N/A N/A Dichotomous Dichotomous FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 129 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Method Type (FRM, FEM, FRM FEM FEM ARM) Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Represented) Monitoring Season Sep-Mar Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Yes Yes Yes Number of Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated N/A N/A N/A samplers Probe Inlet Height 5.5 meters 5.5 meters 4.3 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Teflon™ N/A Pollutant Sample Residence 4.7 seconds 4.7 seconds N/A Time Distance from Supporting 2.2 meters 2.2 meters 2 meters Structure Distance from Obstructions 25+m 25+m 25+m Distance to Furnace Flue None None None Spacing from Trees 9 meters 9 meters 7 meters Nearest Major Roadway A Central Ave Central Ave Central Ave Distance and Direction to Road 168 meters, E 168 meters, E 165 meters, E Traffic Count (ADT) 24,000 24,000 24,000 Nearest Major Roadway B Broadway Rd Broadway Rd Broadway Rd Distance and Direction to Road 385 meters, N 385 meters, N 385 meters, N Traffic Count (ADT) 18,000 18,000 18,000 Groundcover Paved Paved Paved * FEM Population Exposure NAAQS Comparison Neighborhood Jan-Dec Yes N/A 4.3 meters 360º N/A N/A 2 meters 25+m None 7 meters Central Ave 165 meters, E 24,000 Broadway Rd 385 meters, N 18,000 Paved The number of precision checks is 27. Several reports with date errors were entered into AQS; but this has no impact on the percent completeness. A corrective action plan is being developed. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 130 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department SOUTH SCOTTSDALE County ID: SS AQS ID: 04-013-3003 Address: 2857 N Miller Rd., Scottsdale Coordinates: 33.47968N, -111.91721W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information CO 42101 1 Continuous N/A Pollutant O3 PM10 Parameter Code 44201 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move No No No Monitor? Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed 15 30* 22 Annually Number of Accuracy Audits Performed 3 11 3 Annually 01/20/15 07/16/15 01/28/15 04/08/15 08/04/15 02/11/15 02/04/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous & 08/13/15 09/24/15 03/11/15 04/08/15 PM Analyzers 11/04/15 12/02/15 09/09/15 04/23/15 12/10/15 05/07/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Yes Yes Yes Submitted to AQS? Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 01/01/1974 01/01/1974 09/01/2012 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API Thermo - TEOM Monitor Make - Model Teledyne API - M300 M400 1405-S Method Code 093 087 079 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type N/A N/A Size Specific Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FEM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Site Type Population Exposure Population Exposure Exposure FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 131 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison NAAQS Comparison NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Represented) Monitoring Season Sep-Mar Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Yes Yes Yes Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A N/A N/A Probe Inlet Height 5.8 meters 5.8 meters 6.1 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Teflon™ N/A Pollutant Sample Residence Time 8.0 seconds 8.0 seconds N/A Distance from Supporting Structure 2.5 meters 2.5 meters 2.5 meters Distance from Obstructions 2.5 meters 2.5 meters 3 meters Distance to Furnace Flue None None None Spacing from Trees 10 meters 10 meters 10 meters Nearest Major Roadway A Thomas Thomas Thomas Distance and Direction to Road 66 meters, N 66 meters, N 62 meters, N Traffic Count (ADT) 33,000 33,000 33,000 Nearest Major Roadway B Miller Miller Miller Distance and Direction to Road 32 meters, W 32 meters, W 35 meters, W Traffic Count (ADT) 13,000 13,000 13,000 Groundcover Paved Paved Paved * The number of precision checks is 29. Several reports with date errors were entered into AQS; but this has no impact on the percent completeness. A corrective action plan is being developed. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 132 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department TEMPE County ID: TE AQS ID: 04-013-4005 Address: 1525 S College, Tempe Coordinates: 33.4124N, -111.93473W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant CO O3 PM10 PM2.5 Parameter Code 42101 44201 81102 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A N/A N/A N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move No No No No Monitor? Is site suitable for comparison to N/A N/A N/A Yes PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks 12 12 4 10 Performed Annually Number of Accuracy Audits 2 2 2 2 Performed Annually Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous & PM Analyzers 03/17/15 10/14/15 10/15/15 11/12/15 10/14/15 11/12/15 10/14/15 11/12/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Yes Yes Yes Yes Submitted to AQS? Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A N/A Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 07/01/2000 07/01/2000 3/1/2012 3/1/2012 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API Teledyne API Thermo - TEOM Thermo - TEOM Monitor Make - Model M300 M400 1405-DF 1405-DF Note: PM10 and PM2.5 are measured by the same monitor. The TEOM 1405-DF collects air for both PM10 and PM2.5 measurements through the same inlet. Method Code 093 087 079 182 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A Low Volume Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type N/A N/A Dichotomous Dichotomous Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FEM FEM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Population Population Site Type Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Neighborhood Represented) Monitoring Season Sep-Mar Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Yes Yes Yes Yes FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 133 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A N/A N/A Probe Inlet Height 4.4 meters 4.4 meters 2.7 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Teflon™ N/A Pollutant Sample Residence Time 4.7 seconds 4.7 seconds N/A Distance from Supporting Structure 2.5 meters 2.5 meters 2 meters Distance from Obstructions 2.5 meters 2.5 meters 7.5 meters Distance to Furnace Flue None None None Spacing from Trees None None None Nearest Major Roadway A College Ave College Ave College Ave Distance and Direction to Road 11 meters, W 11 meters, W 11 meters, W Traffic Count (ADT) Unknown Unknown Unknown Nearest Major Roadway B Apache Apache Apache Distance and Direction to Road 370 meters, N 370 meters, N 370 meters, N Traffic Count (ADT) 25,000 25,000 25,000 Groundcover Gravel Gravel Gravel FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 134 of 205 N/A 3.7 meters 360º N/A N/A 3 meters 7.5 meters None None College Ave 11 meters, W Unknown Apache 370 meters, N 25,000 Gravel Maricopa County Air Quality Department THIRTY-THIRD County ID: TT AQS ID: 04-013-4020 Address: 3248 W. Moreland Ave., Phoenix Coordinates: 33.46155N, -112.12815W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant CO NO2 PM2.5 Parameter Code 42101 42602 88101 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 3 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A N/A N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No No No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 N/A N/A Yes NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements - Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed 8 9 7 Annually Number of Accuracy Audits Performed 2 1 2 Annually Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous & PM 09/25/15 09/25/15 09/25/15 Analyzers 11/04/15 12/31/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted Yes Yes Yes to AQS? Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 09/01/2015 09/01/2015 09/01/2015 Monitor Type SPM SLAMS SPM Teledyne API Teledyne API Thermo - TEOM Monitor Make - Model M300 M200 1405-DF Method Code 093 099 182 Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FRM FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Source-Oriented Source-Oriented Source-Oriented NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Micro Micro Micro Represented) Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Yes Yes Yes Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A N/A N/A Probe Inlet Height 4.3 meters 4.3 meters 3.6 meter FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 135 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Airflow Arc Probe Sample Line Material Pollutant Sample Residence Time Distance from Supporting Structure Distance from Obstructions Distance to Furnace Flue Spacing from Trees Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Groundcover FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan 360º Teflon™ 4.4 none none No Furnace none I-10 13.5 meters, N 245,632 Gravel Page 136 of 205 360º Teflon™ 4.4 sec none none No Furnace none 360º N/A N/A none none No Furnace none I-10 I-10 13.5 meters, N 245,632 Gravel 13.5 meters, N 245,632 Gravel Maricopa County Air Quality Department WEST CHANDLER County ID: WC AQS ID: 04-013-4004 Address: 275 S Ellis, Chandler Coordinates: 33.29898N, -111.88431W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information CO 42101 1 Continuous N/A Pollutant O3 PM10 Parameter Code 44201 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move No No No Monitor? Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed 18 30* 22** Annually Number of Accuracy Audits Performed 4 6 4 Annually 01/15/15 01/15/15 04/17/15 01/06/15 06/24/15 04/29/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on Gaseous & 02/11/15 09/30/15 05/13/15 PM Analyzers 03/04/15 11/10/15 08/19/15 09/03/15 10/29/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Yes Yes Yes Submitted to AQS? Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 07/01/2000 07/01/2000 07/01/2000 Monitor Type SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Teledyne API Teledyne API Thermo - TEOM Monitor Make - Model M300 M400 1405-S Method Code 093 087 079 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type N/A N/A Size Specific Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FRM FEM FRM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Population Exposure Population Exposure Population Exposure NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Basic Monitoring Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 137 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Neighborhood Neighborhood Middle Represented) Monitoring Season Sep-Mar Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Yes Yes Yes Monitors Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A N/A N/A Probe Inlet Height 4.4 meters 4.4 meters 4.4 meters Airflow Arc 360º 360º 360º Probe Sample Line Material Teflon™ Teflon™ N/A Pollutant Sample Residence Time 4.5 seconds 4.5 seconds N/A Distance from Supporting Structure 1.5 meters 1.5 meters 2.5 meters Distance from Obstructions 3.5 meters 3.5 meters 3.5 meters Distance to Furnace Flue None None None Spacing from Trees 14 meters, E 14 meters, E 14 meters, E Nearest Major Roadway A Frye Rd Frye Rd Frye Rd Distance and Direction to Road 3.5 meters, S 3.5 meters, S 3.5 meters, S Unknown Unknown Unknown Traffic Count (ADT) (secondary street) (secondary street) (secondary street) Nearest Major Roadway B Ellis St Ellis St Ellis St Distance and Direction to Road 73 meters, W 73 meters, W 71 meters, W Unknown Unknown Unknown Traffic Count (ADT) (secondary street) (secondary street) (secondary street) Groundcover Paved/Gravel Paved/Gravel Paved/Gravel * ** The number of precision checks is 26. Several reports with date errors were entered into AQS; but this has no impact on the percent completeness. A corrective action plan is being developed. The number of precision checks is 20. Several reports with date errors were entered into AQS; but this has no impact on the percent completeness. A corrective action plan is being developed. Note: The 2014 AMNP indicated that these monitors might need to be moved; however, no actions have been taken to date. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 138 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department WEST 43RD AVENUE County ID: WF AQS ID: 04-013-4009 Address: 3940 W Broadway, Phoenix Coordinates: 33.40642N, -112.14434W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant Parameter Code Parameter Occurrence Code Collection Frequency Analysis Method (sample filters only) Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? PM10 81102 1 Continuous N/A No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? N/A Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed Annually 22 Number of Accuracy Audits Performed Annually & 5 02/19/15 05/12/15 09/02/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on the PM Analyzer 11/03/15 11/18/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A Bi-Weekly Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 04/01/2002 Monitor Type Monitor Make - Model Method Code PM Monitor Flow Type PM Monitor Collection Type Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) SLAMS Thermo - TEOM 1405-S 079 Low Volume Size Specific FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Highest Concentrations Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Middle Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A Probe Inlet Height 5 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material N/A FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 139 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Pollutant Sample Residence Time Distance from Supporting Structure Distance from Obstructions N/A 2.6 meters None Distance to Furnace Flue Spacing from Trees Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Groundcover None None Broadway Road 37 meters, SE Unknown Gravel FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 140 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department WEST PHOENIX County ID: WP AQS ID: 04-013-0019 Address: 3847 W Earll, Phoenix Coordinates: 33.48385N, -112.14257W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant Parameter Code Parameter Occurrence Code Collection Frequency Analysis Method (filter samples only) CO 42101 NO2 O3 PM10 Note: This is a collocated site for PM2.5. 42602 44201 81102 PM2.5 Primary PM2.5 Secondary 88101 88101 1 1 1 1 3 2 Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 in 12 days As per 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix L Inter-Mountain Labs, Inc. Analytical Laboratory N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A (filter samples only) Any Proposal to Remove No No No No No or Move Monitor? Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes NAAQS per Part 58.30? Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed 25 26 25 3 21 Annually Number of Collocated Assessments N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A (QA Filter Samples) Number of Accuracy Audits Performed 3 5 4 3 4 Annually 01/27/15 01/27/15 01/27/15 01/27/15 06/16/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits 04/20/15 06/30/15 05/05/15 06/29/15 07/21/15 on Gaseous & PM 07/14/15 08/25/15 07/15/15 09/02/15 11/17/15 Analyzers / Sampler 07/30/15 09/08/15 11/02/15 09/08/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes AQS? Annual Data Certification 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 04/25/16 Submitted? Frequency of One-Point Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly N/A N/A QC Check Frequency of Flow Rate Verification N/A N/A N/A Bi-Weekly Bi-Weekly No Yes 12 30 2 05/05/15 11/17/15 Yes 04/25/16 N/A Bi-weekly Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 141 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Date Established Monitor Type 01/01/84 SLAMS 05/24/90 SLAMS 01/01/84 SLAMS 02/01/88 09/01/05 06/13/00 SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Thermo Thermo Teledyne Teledyne Teledyne Thermo Monitor Make - Model TEOM TEOM 1405API M300 API M200 API M400 Partisol 2025 1405-DF DF Note: PM10 and PM2.5 continuous concentrations are measured by the same monitor. The TEOM 1405-DF collects air for both PM10 and PM2.5 measurements through the same inlet. The Partisol 2025 collects the collocated QA filter samples once every 12 days. Method Code 093 099 087 079 182 145 PM Monitor Flow Type N/A N/A N/A Low Volume Low Volume Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Size Specific N/A N/A N/A Dichotomous Dichotomous Type & Sequential Method Type (FRM, FRM FRM FEM FEM FEM FRM FEM, ARM) Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Population Population Population Population Highest Highest Site Type Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure Concentration Concentration Basic Monitoring NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS NAAQS Objective Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Neighborho Neighborho Neighborho Neighborho Neighborhoo Neighborhood Scale Represented) od od od od d Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Required? Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between N/A N/A N/A 7.6 meters 7.6 meters 7.6 meters collocated samplers Note: We are in the process of making site improvements that will allow us to move the secondary monitor to within 2 meters EPA specifications. Probe Inlet Height 4.3 meters 4.3 meters 4.3 meters 4.3 meters 4.3 meters 2.8 meters Airflow Arc Probe Sample Line Material Pollutant Sample Residence Time Filter Sample Material Distance from Supporting Structure Distance from Obstructions Distance to Furnace Flue Spacing from Trees Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Groundcover 360º 360º 360º 360º 360º 360º Teflon™ Teflon™ Teflon™ N/A N/A Teflon™ 5.0 seconds 5.0 seconds 5.0 seconds N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Teflon™ 1.3 meters 1.3 meters 1.3 meters 3 meters 2.5 meters 2.6 meters None None None None None 11 meters None None None None None None None None None None None None Thomas 360 meters, S 29,000 Gravel Thomas 360 meters, S 29,000 Gravel Thomas 360 meters, S 29,000 Gravel Thomas 360 meters, S 29,000 Gravel Thomas Thomas 360 meters, S 360 meters, S 29,000 Gravel 29,000 Gravel FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 142 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department ZUNI HILLS County ID: ZH AQS ID: 04-013-4016 Address: 10851 West Williams Rd., Sun City Coordinates: 33.68674N, -112.29417W Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 6200 Phoenix-Mesa General Information Pollutant PM10 Parameter Code 81102 Parameter Occurrence Code 1 Collection Frequency Continuous Analysis Method (sample filters only) N/A Any Proposal to Remove or Move Monitor? No Is site suitable for comparison to PM2.5 NAAQS per Part 58.30? N/A Appendix A Requirements- Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS and SPMs Number of Precision Checks Performed Annually 23 Number of Accuracy Audits Performed Annually 4 03/05/15 06/11/15 Dates of Accuracy Audits on the PM Analyzer 09/15/15 12/11/15 All Precision/Accuracy Reports Submitted to AQS? Yes Annual Data Certification Submitted? 04/25/16 Frequency of One-Point QC Check N/A Frequency of Flow Rate Verification Bi-Weekly Appendix C Requirements - Monitoring Methodology Date Established 12/01/09 Monitor Type SLAMS Monitor Make - Model Thermo - TEOM 1405-S Method Code 079 PM Monitor Flow Type Low Volume PM Monitor Collection Type Size Specific Method Type (FRM, FEM, ARM) FEM Appendix D Requirements - Network Design Criteria Site Type Population Exposure Basic Monitoring Objective NAAQS Comparison Monitoring Scale (Spatial Scale Represented) Neighborhood Scale Monitoring Season Jan-Dec Network Meets Minimum Number of Monitors Required? Yes Appendix E Requirements - Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria Distance between collocated samplers N/A Probe Inlet Height 2.3 meters Airflow Arc 360º Probe Sample Line Material N/A FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 143 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Pollutant Sample Residence Time Distance from Supporting Structure Distance from Obstructions Distance to Furnace Flue Spacing from Trees Nearest Major Roadway Distance and Direction to Road Traffic Count (ADT) Groundcover FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 144 of 205 N/A 2.3 meters None None None Williams Rd 200 meters, N Unknown (residential street) Lawn/Dirt Maricopa County Air Quality Department APPENDIX III – NEAR-ROAD NO2 MONITOR SITE SELECTION FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 145 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Near-Road NO2 Monitor Site Selection By Ronald Pope Air Monitoring Data Coordinator Maricopa County Air Quality Table of Contents 1.0 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 1 2.0 Initial Analyses ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 Traffic Count Data .............................................................................................................................. 1 2.1.1 Candidate Road Segments and Study Areas ................................................................................ 4 2.2 Physical Considerations for Candidate Sites....................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Terrain .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2.2 Roadway Design .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.2.3 Roadside Structures ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.4 Meteorology ................................................................................................................................. 9 2.3 Population Exposure ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.4 Surrounding Land Use ...................................................................................................................... 11 Study Section 1: .................................................................................................................................. 11 Study Section 2: .................................................................................................................................. 12 Study Section 3: .................................................................................................................................. 13 Study Section 4: .................................................................................................................................. 14 Study Section 5: .................................................................................................................................. 15 2.5 Influence of Background Non-Road Sources ................................................................................... 15 3.0 Site Selection ........................................................................................................................................ 16 4.0 Final Selections ..................................................................................................................................... 18 4.0.1 Site #1 ............................................................................................................................................ 18 4.0.2 Site #2 ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Appendix I .................................................................................................................................................. 20 List of Top 100 Candidate Road Segments............................................................................................. 20 Appendix II ................................................................................................................................................. 25 Analysis Parameters for Candidate Road Segments ............................................................................... 25 Appendix III ................................................................................................................................................ 32 Aerial Photographs of Candidate Road Segments .................................................................................. 32 Candidate #1 – Study Section 4 .......................................................................................................... 32 Candidate #2 – Study Section 3 .......................................................................................................... 33 Candidate #3 – Study Section 4 .......................................................................................................... 33 Candidate #4 – Study Section 3 .......................................................................................................... 34 Candidate #5 – Study Section 3 .......................................................................................................... 34 Candidate #6 – Study Section 4 .......................................................................................................... 35 i Candidate #7 – Study Section 4 .......................................................................................................... 35 Candidate #8 – Study Section 3 .......................................................................................................... 36 Candidate #9 – Study Section 4 .......................................................................................................... 36 Candidate #10 – Study Section 4 ........................................................................................................ 37 Candidate #11 – Study Section 2 ........................................................................................................ 37 Candidate #12 – Study Section 3/4 ..................................................................................................... 38 Candidate #13 – Study Section 1 ........................................................................................................ 38 Candidate #14 – Study Section 5 ........................................................................................................ 39 Candidate #15 – Study Section 5 ........................................................................................................ 39 Candidate #16 – Study Section 4 ........................................................................................................ 40 Candidate #17 – Study Section 1 ........................................................................................................ 40 Candidate #18 – Study Section 1 ........................................................................................................ 41 Candidate #19 – Study Section 1 ........................................................................................................ 41 Candidate #20 – Study Section 2 ........................................................................................................ 42 ii 1.0 Background In 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) implemented a new National Ambient Air Quality Standard for 1-hour nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This new standard specifies new monitoring requirements which have NO2 monitoring stations located in a near-road environment where peak NO2 concentrations are expected to occur. Air agencies are required to consider traffic volumes; fleet mix, i.e. the ratio of heavy-duty to light duty vehicles; roadway design; traffic congestion patterns; local terrain and topography; and meteorology in determining where a required near-road NO2 monitor should be placed. There are also other factors to be considered when siting a near-road monitor, including population exposure, stationary NO2 sources, and site logistics (access, security, safety, and availability of power). This report details the analysis process that Maricopa County Air Quality Department (MCAQD) performed, which considered all of these variables while choosing the best locations to site a near-road NO2 monitor. This report will detail the analysis procedure, list general information about the areas under consideration, and then list detailed information on likely sites. Finally, the proposed locations will be noted with details on site logistics. 2.0 Initial Analyses This section will describe general analyses results for the five study areas (which are described in section 2.1.1 and displayed in Figure 1). A more detailed analysis will follow in section 3.0 for each candidate road segment. 2.1 Traffic Count Data Modeled traffic count data from the TransCAD travel demand model for the entire Maricopa County metropolitan region were obtained from the Maricopa Association of Government’s (MAG) Transportation Division. MAG in turn collected actual traffic count data from the various municipal and county transportation agencies within the region and used those to validate its model. Modeled traffic count data have the advantage of complete coverage of all road segments within the metropolitan area, unlike actual traffic count data. The count data were from 2008, which was the most recent year available with complete data. The data were in the format of shapefiles which were then entered into a Geographical Information System (GIS). The traffic data contained information on the Average Weekday Traffic (AWT) count for both heavy and light duty vehicles (modeled AWT represent daily traffic count, Monday-Friday). It also contained information on traffic congestion with a Level of Service (LOS) rating from A-F with F being the most congested; the most congested lane of traffic was used in the case of multiple road lanes. LOS data represent the peak afternoon traffic period of 3:00-6:00 PM. The data contained road segments from all arterial roads in the metropolitan area as well as freeways and highways. Spatial AWT data were tabulated and ranked for both total traffic counts and heavy duty vehicle traffic counts. Road segments which had the same AWT were assigned the same rank. Fleet mix, which takes into account that heavy-duty vehicles emit more NOx than light-duty vehicles, was calculated using the Fleet-Equivalent AWT (FE-AWT) equation: 1 10 ∗ ) (1) is the count of heavywhere AWT is the total traffic volume count for a particular road segment and duty vehicles for a particular road segment. The multiplier of 10 represents the heavy-duty to light-duty NOx emission ratio for a particular road segment, as suggested by the EPA as a national default. The FE-AWT count was ranked and a table of candidate sites was created and sorted by FE-AWT rank. Table 1 lists the first 30 candidate road segments from this list. Notice that LOS has also been added to the table for each candidate. Figure 1 displays a map of these segments and Figure 2 shows the top 100 segments with LOS symbolized. A list of the top 100 candidates can be found in Appendix I. Table 1. List of the top 30 candidate road segments. Total AWT AWT Rank Heavy Duty Vehicle AWT Heavy Duty Vehicle Rank Fleet EquivalentAWT FEAWT Rank LOS 0.39 320,138 1 33,797 3 624,315 1 F I-10 0.33 320,138 1 33,797 3 624,315 1 F I-10 0.01 301,178 3 34,864 1 614,953 2 E I-10 0.48 301,178 3 34,864 1 614,953 2 E I-10 0.53 301,178 3 34,864 1 614,953 2 E I-10 0.32 308,452 2 33,301 4 608,161 3 F Roadway LENGTH (miles) I-10 I-10 0.33 290,026 5 34,027 2 596,270 4 D I-10 0.21 283,658 9 33,161 5 582,105 5 F I-10 0.2 283,658 9 33,161 5 582,105 5 F I-10 0.14 289,986 6 32,106 6 578,938 6 F I-10 0.35 276,549 11 31,412 8 559,257 7 F I-10 0.24 276,549 11 31,412 8 559,257 7 F I-10 0.43 264,346 15 32,071 7 552,988 8 F I-10 0.19 248,446 31 29,264 9 511,821 9 D I-10 0.26 263,459 16 27,186 11 508,129 10 F I-10 0.14 268,637 14 25,078 15 494,335 11 D I-10 0.24 268,637 14 25,078 15 494,335 11 D I-10 0.52 272,776 13 24,230 18 490,848 12 E I-10 0.13 260,136 17 25,634 12 490,839 13 F I-10 0.23 260,136 17 25,634 12 490,839 13 F US 60 0.07 284,657 8 22,697 29 488,934 14 E US 60 0.14 284,657 8 22,697 29 488,934 14 E US 60 0.08 290,124 4 21,820 37 486,500 15 E US 60 0.05 290,124 4 21,820 37 486,500 15 E I-10 0.3 234,017 39 27,886 10 484,994 16 E I-10 0.19 255,076 24 25,365 13 483,366 17 E I-10 0.21 255,076 24 25,365 13 483,366 17 E I-10 0.19 252,538 28 24,392 17 472,062 18 E I-10 0.05 252,187 29 24,392 17 471,711 19 E I-10 0.59 253,339 25 24,108 20 470,309 20 D 2 Figure 1. Map displaying the top 30 candidate road segments labeled with the fleet-equivalency rank. Note that there are only 20 ranks because of ties. Five study sections, based on geographical location, have been added to the map. Figure 2. Traffic congestion levels in Phoenix. The top 100 road segments are color symbolized by their LOS rating. 3 2.1.1 Candidate Road Segments and Study Areas Figure 1 demonstrates that the majority of the candidate road segments with the top 30 FE-AWT rankings occur on the I-10 between the US 60 and I-17 interchanges. These segments also have high congestion rankings with LOS ratings of D or greater. Several other locations along the I-10 in central and western Phoenix ranked in the top 30; in addition these locations have very high LOS rating of D through F. Two locations along US 60 in Mesa made the Top 30 and their LOS ratings both were E. These top 30 locations will be explored further with other analysis. The areas around the top 30 locations were divided into the following study areas, which are labeled on Figure 1: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Western Phoenix I-10 (grid A2) Central Phoenix I-10 (grid B2) I-10 between 40th Street and I-17 (grid C3) I-10 between US 60 and 40th Street (grid C3 and D4) Mesa US 60 (grid E4) 2.2 Physical Considerations for Candidate Sites 2.2.1 Terrain All candidate road segments are located within the Salt River basin, which consists of relatively flat terrain with similar elevation. An exception to this are the candidate road segments located in the Broadway curve section of I-10 (the southeastern portion of grid C3 in Figure 1). Bell Butte, located northeast of the Broadway curve, is about 200 feet higher in elevation than the interstate. The Twin Buttes, located to the southwest of the curve, are about 180 feet higher (Figure 3). Figure 3. Topographic and aerial photograph maps of the Broadway curve section of the I-10 freeway. 2.2.2 Roadway Design This analysis will note the design features (grade) of freeways. Analysis results are by study section. 1. Study Section 1: Western Phoenix I-10 (grid A2) 4 The three road segment locations within section 1 are located on freeway that is approximately 20’ below-grade from the surrounding area (Figure 4). The roadside to the north and south of the freeway is sloped. Figure 4. Topographic map of the I-10 area between 51st and 27th Avenues showing contours of elevation. Colors note the elevation, with lowest-to-highest elevation symbolized as green-yellow-red. The I-10 freeway itself is approximately 20’ below-grade. 2. Study Section 2: Central Phoenix I-10 (grid B2) The two road segment candidates in this section are approximately 20-30’ below-grade from the surrounding area with steeply sloped walls (Figure 5). Figure 5. Topographic map of the Central I-10 area between the Deck Park tunnel and the SR 51 interchange. The I-10 freeway itself is approximately 20-30’ below-grade. 3. Study Section 3: I-10 between 40th Street and I-17 (grid C3). 5 With the exception of the portion crossing the Salt River, most of the freeway in this portion is at or above grade with the surrounding terrain. The above-grade areas are approximately 5-10 feet higher (Figure 6). Figure 6. Topographic map of the western portion of the I-10 between 24th and 40th streets. The I-10 freeway itself is approximately 5-10 feet above-grade. 4. Study Section 4: I-10 between US 60 and 40th Street (grid C3 and D4). This portion is also at or above grade with the surrounding terrain, with the exception of the Broadway curve area which passes between Bell Butte and the Twin Buttes. The above-grade areas are approximately 0-5 feet higher (Figure 7). Figure 7. Topographic map of the I-10 area between 40th Street and the US 60 interchange.. The I-10 freeway itself is approximately 0-5’ above grade from the surrounding terrain. 5. Study Section 5: Mesa US 60 (grid E4) 6 This two candidate road segments in this section are approximately 10 feet below-grade from the surrounding terrain (Figure 8). Figure 8. Topographic map of the US 60 freeway between Dobson Rd and Country Club Rd. The freeway is approximately 10’ below-grade from the surrounding terrain. 2.2.3 Roadside Structures 1. Study Section 1: Western Phoenix I-10 (grid A2) This section of the I-10, running from 51st to 27th Avenues, has sound walls that begin at 43rd Avenue and continue to the east. The sound walls are both on the north and south side of the freeway. The walls are located from 30 to 100 feet from the edge of the freeway, and are located at the top of the slope. There is usually vegetation (trees) between the sound wall and the freeway (Figure 9). To the west of 43rd Avenue the sound wall stops, but there is a canal 130’ to the north of the freeway. 7 Figure 9. Oblique aerial view of slope and sound wall on the I-10 at 33rd Avenue. 2. Study Section 2: Central Phoenix I-10 (grid B2) This section of the I-10, running from 7th Street to just past 16th Street, has sound walls on both the north and south sides of the freeway, though there are some gaps (Figure 10). The sound walls are located at the top of a steep slope leading down to the freeway. Figure 10. Oblique aerial photo of the I-10 at 12th Street. Note there is a sound wall on the north side of the freeway, but not the south side. There is a steep slope on the south side, however. 3. Study Section 3: I-10 between I-17 and 40th Street (grid C3). This section of freeway does not have any sound walls. There are few structures to the west of the Salt River bridge; the structures to the east of the bridge are set back an average of 100 feet. There are ditches which drain to the Salt River to the north and south of the freeway at various points, but these ditches are not continuous along the entire freeway section and access points exist. 4. Study Section 4: I-10 between 40th Street and US 60 (grid C3 and D4). 8 There is a sound wall on the south side of the freeway between 44th and 48th Streets; but there are few such structures along the other portions. There are buildings at various places along this stretch, but these buildings are usually set back more than 100 feet. There are many locations along this portion of freeway with empty lots or parking lots abutting the freeway. 6. Study Section 5: Mesa US 60 (grid E4): There is a sound wall on the south portion of freeway which extends through the entire section. The north side does not have a sound wall, but a canal located at the top of the slope extends through the entire length of freeway at this section. Figure 11. US 60 freeway just to the west of Longmore Avenue. There is a sound wall to the south and a canal to the north. These structures are typical along this portion of freeway in Study Section 5. 2.2.4 Meteorology Meteorology of the region was analyzed by using wind roses which show the proportional wind speed and direction for all of 2011. The wind towers located at MCAQD monitoring sites were used as sources for scalar wind data. Figure 12 displays a map of the central urban area with the wind roses superimposed over the monitoring sites. This graphic shows that, on average, wind direction across the Salt River basin is most often from west to east and the next most frequent is east to west. On a smaller time scale, wind direction is often diurnal, with the wind usually from the east in the morning and from the west in the afternoon, though this pattern often changes in the summer monsoon season with winds from the south-southeast in the afternoon. The more open terrain to the west of the basin has higher wind speeds, while the Tempe area (which is surrounded by hilly terrain) has the slowest. Because of these regional characteristics, a near-road monitoring site located on a north-south oriented freeway would be most desirable. A monitoring site on an east-west oriented freeway might be impacted by traffic emission being transported from downwind. 9 Figure 12. Wind roses for each of the MCAQD monitoring sites. Scalar wind speed and direction for 2011 was analyzed in the chart. The length of each stem on the chart notes the proportional time that wind was out of that direction. The colors on each stem symbolized wind speeds; the width of the color symbolizes the proportion of time the wind is at that speed. 2.3 Population Exposure To estimate the population exposure in the five study areas, census tract data were obtained from the 2010 U.S. Census and added to the GIS map. A one-mile buffer around each candidate road segment was created and tract centroids that fell within that buffer were counted for total population. Results were aggregated by study section (Table 2). Areas having the higher population exposure were given greater weight in the site selection process. Table 2. Population estimates for the five study areas, source is the 2010 U.S. Census. Map Study Section 1 2 3 4 5 Population 67,000 48,000 8,000 30,000 32,000 10 2.4 Surrounding Land Use In addition to the population exposure analysis, the land use types surrounding the candidate road segments were determined. Data for this analysis came from the Maricopa County Assessor’s Office. Parcel data were analyzed within the GIS and parcels within a one-mile buffer of each candidate road segment were selected. The various land use codes from the parcel data were then aggregated into five general types: Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, Residential, and Vacant. Statistics for each study area were then generated and tabulated. Candidate road segments having greater proximity to residential areas were given greater weight in the site selection process. Study Section 1: Land Use Type Agricultural Commercial Industrial Residential Vacant Total #Parcels 3 1079 77 7955 313 9427 %Parcels 0.03% 11.45% 0.82% 84.39% 3.32% 100.00% Area (Acres) 98.15 1778.09 243.61 1461.02 182.86 3763.72 Figure 13. Map of property land use type from Study Section 1 of the candidate road segments. 11 %Area 2.61% 47.24% 6.47% 38.82% 4.86% 100.00% Study Section 2: Land Use Type Agricultural Commercial Industrial Residential Vacant Total #Parcels 1 1529 30 6217 770 8547 %Parcels 0.01% 17.89% 0.35% 72.74% 9.01% 100.00% Area (Acres) 2.07 1098.31 15.72 1055.09 158.19 2329.38 Figure 14. Map of property land use type from Study Section 2 of the candidate road segments. 12 %Area 0.09% 47.15% 0.67% 45.29% 6.79% 100.00% Study Section 3: Land Use Type Agricultural Commercial Industrial Residential Vacant Total #Parcels 2 1001 102 824 458 2387 %Parcels 0.08% 41.94% 4.27% 34.52% 19.19% 100.00% Area (Acres) 11.57 2531.31 339.71 152.91 843.09 3878.59 Figure 15. Map of property land use type from Study Section 3 of the candidate road segments. 13 %Area 0.30% 65.26% 8.76% 3.94% 21.74% 100.00% Study Section 4: Land Use Type Agricultural Commercial Industrial Residential Vacant Total #Parcels 5 1292 97 4156 171 5721 %Parcels 0.09% 22.58% 1.70% 72.64% 2.99% 100.00% Area (Acres) 21.27 2318.88 214.94 782.80 183.32 3521.21 Figure 16. Map of property land use type from Study Section 4 of the candidate road segments. 14 %Area 0.60% 65.85% 6.10% 22.23% 5.21% 100.00% Study Section 5: Land Use Type Agricultural Commercial Industrial Residential Vacant Total #Parcels 0 638 1 7664 405 8708 %Parcels 0.00% 7.33% 0.01% 88.01% 4.65% 100.00% Area (Acres) 0.00 1474.98 4.66 1212.05 159.01 2850.69 %Area 0.00% 51.74% 0.16% 42.52% 5.58% 100.00% Figure 17. Map of property land use type from Study Section 5 of the candidate road segments. 2.5 Influence of Background Non-Road Sources Stationary sources of NO2, such as power generating plants, can unfavorably influence the background concentration of NO2 at a near-road monitoring site. Because of this, candidate road segments with the least amount of influence from background NO2 sources were given more weight in the site selection process. Stationary source NOx data came from the 2008 Maricopa County Annual Emissions Inventory. Emissions from permitted sources that are reported on the inventory were spatially aggregated by township, range, and section. These spatial data were then added to the GIS to create a map of estimated NOx emissions (Figure 18). NOx emissions were also aggregated by study section (Table 3). The site 15 selection process then used the total background NOx emissions within the candidate road segment’s study area, and also its orientation to major sources based on average meteorological conditions. Table 3. Approximate NOx emissions within 1 mile of each candidate section. Emission estimates are from the Maricopa County 2008 Annual Emissions Inventory and point sources were aggregated by township, range, and section. Study Section 1 2 3 4 5 NOx Emissions (lbs per year) 917,916 75,754 117,088 124,173 61,550 Figure 18. Map of estimated NOx emissions by location. Point NOx sources from the Maricopa County 2008 Annual Emissions Inventory were aggregated by township, range and section and displayed as color-coded squares above. Sections that did not have any reportable NOx emissions were left uncolored. 3.0 Site Selection The top 30 candidate road segments, from Table 1, were individually analyzed for a number of parameters. As noted on Table 1, there are several tied segments in the FE-AWT rank; these tied road 16 segments are all adjacent to each other (as the traffic counts are generated by modeled data), so ties were combined, making a total of 20 segments analyzed. The candidate road segments were labeled Candidate #1-20, based upon their fleet equivalency rank. Much of the general, large scale, data generated in the Section 2.0 initial analyses were used to evaluate the individual road segments; however, these Section 3.0 analyses go into much greater detail and take into account characteristics surrounding the segment. The characteristics that were analyzed for each candidate road segment are detailed in Appendix II, while Appendix III contains an aerial photo of each segment. Following these analyses, a matrix score table was created using selected supporting features (Table 4). Scores were numbered 1-5, with 5 being the highest possible, and was based upon an arbitrary decision where the most desirable qualities of the feature were perceived. Note that site selection was not based solely on these scores, they are only supporting information. Table 4. Matrix of analysis scores of supporting features. Scores are from 1-5; where a 5 means the feature has the most desirable qualities. Candidate # Study Section FE-AWT Count Congestion Terrain Ranking Roadway Design Roadside Structures Meteorology Population Exposure Surrounding Land Use Background Sources Average of supporting features 1 4 624,315 5 3 5 5 5 3 3 4 2 3 614,953 4 3 4 5 3 1 1 3 3 4 608,161 5 1 1 5 1 3 3 4 4 3 596,270 3 5 4 5 1 1 1 5 5 3 582,105 5 5 5 5 2 1 1 4 6 4 578,938 5 3 4 5 1 3 3 4 7 4 559,257 5 5 5 3 2 3 3 4 8 3 552,988 5 5 4 5 1 1 1 4 9 4 511,821 3 4 5 5 2 3 3 3 10 4 508,129 5 4 5 3 5 3 3 5 4.13 3.00 2.88 3.13 3.50 3.50 3.75 3.25 3.50 4.13 Candidate # Study Section FE-AWT Count Congestion Terrain Ranking Roadway Design Roadside Structures Meteorology Population Exposure Surrounding Land Use Background Sources Average of supporting features 11 2 494,335 3 5 1 1 1 4 5 4 12 3/4 490,848 4 5 5 5 2 2 2 4 13 1 490,839 5 5 2 2 2 5 5 4 14 5 488,934 4 5 3 1 2 3 5 5 15 5 486,500 4 5 3 1 2 3 5 4 16 4 484,994 4 4 4 5 2 3 3 3 17 1 483,366 4 5 2 2 2 5 5 3 18 1 472,062 4 5 2 3 2 5 5 3 19 1 471,711 4 5 2 3 2 5 5 3 20 2 470,309 3 5 1 1 1 4 5 4 3.00 3.63 3.75 3.50 3.38 3.50 3.50 3.63 3.63 3.00 The site selection process consisted of going through the candidates individually. Sites with a higher fleet equivalency rank had priority, with Level of Service (congestion) data and the supporting feature data modifying that on a case-by-case basis. Each of the top 20 candidate road segments were then inspected to see if a monitoring site was feasible, i.e., were there locations available that granted access, safety, and power. 17 4.0 Final Selections 4.0.1 Site #1 Following these analyses, it was decided that Candidate #1 was the first choice for the near-road NO2 monitoring site. Not only was this site first in fleet equivalency rank, but it passed all of our tests. Specifically, the reasons for choosing this location are:     #1 in fleet-equivalency rank, #1 in average weekday traffic rank, and #3 in heavy duty vehicle traffic (Table 1). Traffic congestion is extreme, with an LOS of ‘F’. This candidate had the highest score in the supporting features with the features being either average or higher on the scale (Table 4). Though most of the adjacent area is commercial property, there are considerable residential parcels nearby (see Figure 16). There are locations alongside this road segment with access, safety, security, and power available. The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), which owns these frontage spaces, is willing to work with us in establishing a monitoring site. Though major road construction is planned on this freeway in 2019 (freeway widening), we’ve discussed the issue with ADOT and believe that we’ll be able to move the monitoring site back far enough to accommodate it (during and after construction). In the event that such a move is not possible, we would have to prepare another assessment to relocate the monitoring site; there are other possibilities on the I-10 freeway, though the entire freeway is undergoing major road construction from the US60/I-10 split to the I-17/I-10 split beginning in 2019. The specific location that we are considering is located on the west side of the I-10 freeway just south of the Fairmont/Diablo way intersection (Figure 19). The coordinates are 33.396250, -111.967967. There is a concrete barrier between the freeway and the frontage, offering safety. We will erect a secure shelter for housing the monitoring instruments, and power can be brought in. Figure 19. Aerial photograph and street view of proposed monitoring Site #1. 18 4.0.2 Site #2 For the second near-road site, it was decided to find a location farther away from the Site #1 so as to represent a different area. We also wanted to locate the monitor near a high-density population source. Many of the top-ranked candidates (based on fleet-equivalency) are located in study sections 3 and 4, which is not only close to Site #1, but is surrounded mostly by commercial and industrial parcels. The next most desirable location was Candidate #13, located in western Phoenix in study section 1. This location was chosen for Site #2 for the following reasons:      #13 in FE-AWT rank, #17 in AWT traffic, and #12 in heavy-duty vehicle traffic (Table 1). Extreme traffic congestion with a LOS of ‘F’ (Table 1). Many residential parcels nearby (see Figure 13). The supporting feature score (Table 4) is second highest among the candidates. The frontage space is owned by ADOT, who will work with us to establish a site. The site does have drawbacks: it located in an east-west orientation, which is parallel to the average wind direction; the freeway is also approximately 20’ below grade; there is an overpass at 35th Avenue; and there are sound walls located along the freeway. However, we propose that the positive aspects outweigh the negative, and features alongside this road segment will allow us access while avoiding the sound walls. The location that we are considering is at 34th Avenue on the south side of the I-10 freeway, in a sound wall gap following the 35th Avenue on-ramp. The coordinates are 33.462103, -112.130393. It is proposed to place a secure monitoring shelter at the top of the grade; safety features consist of the setback from the on-ramp and the grade of the slope (note that concrete barricades could be put in place around the shelter). Availability of power has not yet been verified at this location, though it appears feasible. If power is unavailable at this location, alternative sites are being considered on the south side of I-10 near 33rd Avenue or on the south side of I-10 near 28th Avenue, though this latter location is on the road segment ranked #23 in fleet equivalency rank. Figure 20. Aerial photograph and street view of proposed monitoring Site #2. 19 Appendix I List of Top 100 Candidate Road Segments Table 5. Top 100 Road Segment Candidates based on the Fleet-Equivalent Equation. See Figure 21, following this table, for a map of road segment locations. AWT Rank Heavy Duty Vehicle AWT Heavy Duty Vehicle Rank Fleet EquivalentAWT FEAWT Rank LOS Roadway LENGTH (miles) Total AWT I-10 0.39 320,138 1 33,797 3 624,315 1 F I-10 0.33 320,138 1 33,797 3 624,315 1 F I-10 0.01 301,178 3 34,864 1 614,953 2 E I-10 0.48 301,178 3 34,864 1 614,953 2 E I-10 0.53 301,178 3 34,864 1 614,953 2 E I-10 0.32 308,452 2 33,301 4 608,161 3 F I-10 0.33 290,026 5 34,027 2 596,270 4 D I-10 0.21 283,658 9 33,161 5 582,105 5 F I-10 0.2 283,658 9 33,161 5 582,105 5 F I-10 0.14 289,986 6 32,106 6 578,938 6 F I-10 0.35 276,549 11 31,412 8 559,257 7 F I-10 0.24 276,549 11 31,412 8 559,257 7 F I-10 0.43 264,346 15 32,071 7 552,988 8 F I-10 0.19 248,446 31 29,264 9 511,821 9 D I-10 0.26 263,459 16 27,186 11 508,129 10 F I-10 0.14 268,637 14 25,078 15 494,335 11 D I-10 0.24 268,637 14 25,078 15 494,335 11 D I-10 0.52 272,776 13 24,230 18 490,848 12 E I-10 0.13 260,136 17 25,634 12 490,839 13 F I-10 0.23 260,136 17 25,634 12 490,839 13 F US 60 0.07 284,657 8 22,697 29 488,934 14 E US 60 0.14 284,657 8 22,697 29 488,934 14 E US 60 0.08 290,124 4 21,820 37 486,500 15 E US 60 0.05 290,124 4 21,820 37 486,500 15 E I-10 0.3 234,017 39 27,886 10 484,994 16 E I-10 0.19 255,076 24 25,365 13 483,366 17 E I-10 0.21 255,076 24 25,365 13 483,366 17 E I-10 0.19 252,538 28 24,392 17 472,062 18 E I-10 0.05 252,187 29 24,392 17 471,711 19 E I-10 0.59 253,339 25 24,108 20 470,309 20 D I-10 0.25 256,094 22 23,661 24 469,040 21 E I-10 0.18 256,094 22 23,661 24 469,040 21 E I-10 0.23 252,723 27 23,832 21 467,213 22 D I-10 0.27 252,723 27 23,832 21 467,213 22 D 20 I-10 0.43 244,818 33 24,519 16 465,491 23 E US 60 0.43 259,843 18 21,814 38 456,169 24 E I-10 0.58 238,690 37 24,159 19 456,122 25 E US 60 0.07 279,610 10 19,016 62 450,755 26 E US 60 0.08 279,610 10 19,016 62 450,755 26 E I-10 0.3 240,571 36 23,196 26 449,339 27 E I-10 0.04 240,571 36 23,196 26 449,339 27 E I-10 0.06 240,571 36 23,196 26 449,339 27 E US 60 0.2 285,720 7 18,156 79 449,122 28 E US 60 0.19 285,720 7 18,156 79 449,122 28 E US 60 0.92 256,318 21 21,109 43 446,302 29 D I-10 0.75 233,436 40 23,006 27 440,492 30 E I-17 0.17 208,903 60 25,336 14 436,927 31 F I-17 0.28 208,903 60 25,336 14 436,927 31 F I-10 0.02 231,149 42 22,652 30 435,013 32 E I-10 0.1 231,149 42 22,652 30 435,013 32 E I-10 0.15 231,149 42 22,652 30 435,013 32 E Loop 101 0.12 242,836 34 21,238 42 433,976 33 F Loop 101 0.18 242,836 34 21,238 42 433,976 33 F I-10 0.77 235,798 38 21,865 36 432,587 34 E I-10 0.66 235,798 38 21,865 36 432,587 34 E I-10 0.51 227,679 44 22,350 32 428,825 35 E I-10 0.55 224,903 49 22,352 31 426,068 36 D US 60 0.24 275,839 12 16,557 115 424,852 37 E US 60 0.24 275,839 12 16,557 115 424,852 37 E I-10 0.55 226,137 47 21,981 34 423,963 38 D Loop 101 0.1 241,635 35 19,891 49 420,653 39 F Loop 101 0.17 241,635 35 19,891 49 420,653 39 F US 60 0.82 256,439 20 18,213 78 420,356 40 D I-10 0.77 221,601 51 22,008 33 419,674 41 D I-10 0.16 221,426 52 21,675 39 416,499 42 D US 60 0.12 221,426 52 21,675 39 416,499 42 E I-10 0.72 257,770 19 17,195 99 412,529 43 E I-10 0.31 228,110 43 20,378 44 411,512 44 D I-10 0.03 228,110 43 20,378 44 411,512 44 E I-17 0.48 192,401 88 23,813 22 406,716 45 F I-17 0.12 190,791 92 23,778 23 404,797 46 E I-17 0.48 190,791 92 23,778 23 404,797 46 E I-10 0.67 211,046 58 21,250 41 402,296 47 D Loop 202 0.45 224,779 50 19,721 51 402,269 48 E Loop 202 0.54 224,779 50 19,721 51 402,269 48 E Loop 202 0.3 226,767 45 19,418 55 401,528 49 F 21 Loop 202 0.33 226,767 45 19,418 55 401,528 49 F Loop 101 0.57 216,872 54 20,070 45 397,499 50 E Loop 101 0.26 216,872 54 20,070 45 397,499 50 E US 60 0.57 252,945 26 15,871 122 395,781 51 D I-17 0.26 184,139 109 23,299 25 393,835 52 E I-17 0.35 184,139 109 23,299 25 393,835 52 E I-10 0.17 211,676 57 19,712 52 389,083 53 F I-10 0.23 211,676 57 19,712 52 389,083 53 F Loop 202 0.29 208,265 61 20,000 47 388,269 54 F Loop 202 0.21 208,265 61 20,000 47 388,269 54 E I-10 0.22 205,938 63 19,957 48 385,549 55 D I-10 0.17 205,938 63 19,957 48 385,549 55 D US 60 0.32 255,266 23 14,449 155 385,306 56 E US 60 0.2 255,266 23 14,449 155 385,306 56 E US 60 0.22 255,266 23 14,449 155 385,306 56 E US 60 0.48 255,266 23 14,449 155 385,306 56 E I-17 0.51 179,008 115 22,879 28 384,921 57 E Loop 101 0.36 218,318 53 18,475 71 384,591 58 E I-10 0.16 200,164 72 20,068 46 380,776 59 D I-10 0.18 200,164 72 20,068 46 380,776 59 D Loop 101 0.76 209,677 59 18,720 68 378,153 60 E US 60 0.02 212,852 56 17,908 87 374,025 61 F US 60 0.03 212,852 56 17,908 87 374,025 61 F US 60 0.24 251,596 30 13,570 175 373,721 62 D US 60 0.18 251,596 30 13,570 175 373,721 62 D US 60 0.43 206,717 62 18,376 73 372,101 63 D US 60 0.35 206,717 62 18,376 73 372,101 63 D I-10 0.72 193,445 87 19,733 50 371,038 64 D I-10 0.26 194,336 83 19,511 54 369,938 65 F Loop 202 0.44 195,759 76 19,104 59 367,691 66 E I-10 0.27 198,383 73 18,721 67 366,869 67 F I-10 0.19 198,383 73 18,721 67 366,869 67 F I-17 0.48 168,531 140 21,975 35 366,303 68 D Loop 202 0.44 200,442 71 18,264 77 364,817 69 D Loop 202 0.27 200,442 71 18,264 77 364,817 69 E Loop 202 0.29 195,353 77 18,828 65 364,806 70 E Loop 202 0.15 195,353 77 18,828 65 364,806 70 E I-17 0.19 204,220 64 17,795 90 364,371 71 E I-17 0.23 204,220 64 17,795 90 364,371 71 E I-10 0.51 193,831 86 18,917 64 364,081 72 F Loop 202 0.27 197,906 74 18,390 72 363,413 73 E I-17 0.25 201,534 69 17,961 85 363,187 74 E 22 I-17 0.3 201,534 69 17,961 85 363,187 74 E Loop 101 0.29 190,735 93 19,113 58 362,756 75 F Loop 101 0.19 190,735 93 19,113 58 362,756 75 F I-10 0.59 187,806 99 19,245 56 361,010 76 C Loop 202 0.08 203,041 66 17,478 95 360,345 77 F Loop 202 0.16 203,041 66 17,478 95 360,345 77 F Loop 202 0.01 203,041 66 17,478 95 360,345 77 C Loop 202 0.66 203,041 66 17,478 95 360,345 77 E US 60 0.06 200,533 70 17,746 92 360,248 78 F US 60 0.01 200,533 70 17,746 92 360,248 78 F I-17 0.29 195,130 78 18,303 75 359,860 79 E I-17 0.29 195,130 78 18,303 75 359,860 79 E I-10 0.72 189,044 97 18,804 66 358,275 80 D US 60 0.16 245,333 32 12,533 198 358,127 81 D US 60 0.27 245,333 32 12,533 198 358,127 81 D Loop 101 0.12 186,614 104 19,047 61 358,033 82 E Loop 101 0.13 186,614 104 19,047 61 358,033 82 E I-17 0.12 187,375 101 18,962 63 358,029 83 C I-17 0.23 187,375 101 18,962 63 358,029 83 D SR 51 0.29 202,477 68 17,166 100 356,974 84 D SR 51 0.2 202,477 68 17,166 100 356,974 84 D US 60 0.61 232,429 41 13,796 170 356,597 85 D Loop 202 0.21 194,588 80 17,955 86 356,183 86 D I-17 0.29 194,477 82 17,963 84 356,147 87 E I-17 0.24 194,477 82 17,963 84 356,147 87 E I-10 0.64 189,648 96 18,496 69 356,108 88 E I-10 0.4 188,216 98 18,477 70 354,512 89 D I-10 0.17 188,216 98 18,477 70 354,512 89 F I-17 0.48 159,592 167 21,560 40 353,631 90 D I-17 0.22 159,592 167 21,560 40 353,631 90 D I-17 0.38 195,057 79 16,803 110 346,286 91 E I-17 0.36 195,057 79 16,803 110 346,286 91 E Loop 101 0.15 182,978 111 18,124 80 346,091 92 D Loop 101 0.22 182,978 111 18,124 80 346,091 92 D I-17 0.28 184,435 107 17,821 89 344,828 93 E I-17 0.27 184,435 107 17,821 89 344,828 93 E US 60 0.65 194,538 81 16,603 114 343,961 94 F US 60 0.64 225,135 48 12,866 190 340,928 95 D Loop 202 0.52 178,952 116 17,973 83 340,704 96 D Loop 101 0.27 176,072 124 18,100 82 338,971 97 E Loop 101 0.24 176,072 124 18,100 82 338,971 97 E US 60 0.21 191,007 91 16,426 117 338,844 98 E 23 I-17 0.27 165,719 150 19,228 57 338,767 99 E I-17 0.2 165,719 150 19,228 57 338,767 99 E Loop 101 0.63 173,432 129 18,329 74 338,396 100 D Figure 21. Map of the metropolitan region of Phoenix showing the top 100 road segments ranked by the fleet-equivalency traffic count rank. 24 Appendix II Analysis Parameters for Candidate Road Segments # 1 Parameters Study Section Location 2 3 4 5 Road segment name Road segment length Road type Candidate #1 4 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway between Southern and Broadway roads. There are two segments which tie in rank. I-10 0.7 Miles Controlled access highway North end just south of the Broadway curve: 33.404037, -111.968061 Candidate #2 3 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway between 24th street and University Drive, including the bridge over the Salt River. There are three road segments which tie in rank. I-10 0.5 mile Controlled access highway Northwest end just east of the 24th Street: 33.424916, -112.025423 Road segment end points 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Fleet Equivalent Rank AWT HD Vehicle counts FE-AWT Congestion information Roadway design Roadside Structures 13 Terrain 14 Meteorology South end near Southern Ave: 33.393808, 111.967309 1 320,138 33,797 624,315 LOS = F Flat, roadway is at or slightly above grade with surrounding area (0-5 ft elevated). No sound walls, just low concrete barriers. There are mostly access roads, parking lots, or vacant lots adjacent to freeway. The onramp for US60 begins near the southern end of this segment on the western side of the freeway. Surrounding area is flat, except for two hills at north end of segment (Bell Butte and Twin Buttes). Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from WNW or ESE. Freeway is crosswind to annual patterns. 15 Population exposure 16 Safety features 17 18 19 Interchanges Surrounding land use Nearby sources 20 21 22 Current road construction Future road construction Frontage roads Surrounding area is mostly commercial, though there are housing communities to the south. There are approx. 30,000 people living nearby. Cement guardrail height = 3ft width = 1ft length = along entire road segment Jct US60 at I-10 interchange is at the southern end of the candidate road segment Agricultural: 1%, Commercial: 66%, Industrial 6%, Residential: 22%, Vacant: 5% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 124,000 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the east None Major freeway widening in 2019 Frontage road present; not included as part of the target road segment 23 25 Southeast end just west of University Drive: 33.413868, -112.013546 2 301,178 34,864 624,315 LOS= E Flat, roadway is above-grade with surrounding area (5-10 feet elevated). No sound walls or concrete barriers. There are guard rails on the freeways. There are few structures adjacent to the freeway in this area; mostly it is vacant land and some access roads. The Salt River bridge is in the middle of this segment. Surrounding area is flat, but the Salt River is located in the middle of this 1-mile segment. The Salt river bed is 20-25 feet lower than surrounding terrain. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the West. Next most frequent wind direction is ESE. Freeway is crosswind to annual patterns. Surrounding area is mostly commercial. There are approx. 8,000 people living nearby. Metal Guardrail only. Length = along entire road segment Jct I-17 at I-10 interchange is 0.75 miles from the western end of this road segment. Agricultural: 0.3%, Commercial: 65%, Industrial 9%, Residential: 4%, Vacant: 22% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 117,000 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are nearby to the west. None Major freeway widening in 2019 A few frontage roads for access to commercial areas exist. Not included as part of the target road segment. # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Candidate #3 4 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway just south of Broadway road. Candidate #4 3 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The 0.3 mile segment is the I-10 Freeway just east of 24th Street. I-10 0.3 mile Controlled access highway North end just east of Broadway Road: 33.407766, -111.971386 I-10 0.3 mile Controlled access highway West end at 24th Street: 33.426621, 112.030803 South end 0.3 miles to the southeast of the north end : 33.404118, -111.968013 3 308,452 33,301 608,161 LOS = F Roadway passes between two hills, so it is below the grade of the surrounding terrain. No sound walls, just low concrete barriers. There are no structures near the freeway at this point Southeast end just west of University Drive: 33.425146, -112.025326 4 290,026 34,027 596,270 LOS = D Flat, roadway is above-grade with surrounding area (5-10 feet elevated). No sound walls and few concrete barriers. There are guard rails on the freeways. There is a commercial park to the south of the segment, it is set back 100-150' from the freeway. Sky Harbor airport is located to the north, along with an access road that runs around the outside of the airport. The I-10 overpasses 24th street. Surrounding area is flat. East end west of 40th Street: 33.410919, 111.999922 5 283,658 33,161 582,105 LOS = F Flat, roadway is above-grade with surrounding area (0-5 feet elevated). No sound walls, concrete barriers, or guard rails on the edge of the freeway. There are commercial properties and access roads on either side of the freeway, but structures do not come closer than 100 feet. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the West. Next most frequent wind direction is ESE. Freeway is crosswind to annual patterns. Surrounding area is mostly commercial. There are approx. 8,000 people living nearby. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the West. Next most frequent wind direction is ESE. Freeway is parallel to annual patterns. Surrounding area is mostly commercial. There are approx. 8,000 people living nearby. Metal Guardrail only. None 13 14 This road segment passes between Bell Butte, to the NE, and Twin Buttes, to the SW. These two hills are approx. 180-200 feet above the surrounding flat terrain. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from WNW or ESE. Freeway is crosswind to annual patterns. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Surrounding area is mostly commercial, though there are housing communities to the south. There are approx. 30,000 people living nearby. Cement guardrail height = 3ft width = 1ft length = along entire road segment Jct SR143 at I-10 interchange is 0.5 miles from the western end of the road segment Agricultural: 1%, Commercial: 66%, Industrial 6%, Residential: 22%, Vacant: 5% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 124,000 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the east None Major freeway widening in 2019 None Candidate #5 3 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway in between University Drive and 40th Street. There are two road segments which tie in rank. I-10 0.4 mile Controlled access highway West end east of University Drive: 33.411086, -112.007068 Surrounding area is flat. Length = along entire road segment Jct I-17 at I-10 interchange is 0.75 miles from the western end of this road segment. Agricultural: 0.3%, Commercial: 65%, Industrial 9%, Residential: 4%, Vacant: 22% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 117,000 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are nearby to the west. None Major freeway widening in 2019 A few frontage roads for access to commercial areas exist. Not included as part of the target road segment. 26 None Agricultural: 0.3%, Commercial: 65%, Industrial 9%, Residential: 4%, Vacant: 22% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 117,000 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are nearby to the west. None Major freeway widening in 2019 A few frontage roads for access to commercial areas exist. Not included as part of the target road segment. # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Candidate #6 4 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway intersecting with Broadway road. I-10 0.1 mile Controlled access highway North end just west of Broadway Road: 33.409290, -111.972890 Candidate #7 4 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway between 40th and 48th streets I-10 0.6 mile Controlled access highway West end just east of 40th Street: 33.410920, -111.991011 Candidate #8 3 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway intersecting with University Drive. I-10 0.4 miles Controlled access highway West end west of University Drive: 33.414133, -112.013719 South end just east of Broadway Road : 33.407852, -111.971250 6 289,986 32,106 578,938 LOS = F Roadway is just north of a pass between two hills, but most of it is at grade-level elevation with the surrounding terrain. No sound walls, though some low concrete barriers. Most of the length is open to the Broadway off-ramps. There are no structures near the freeway at this point. Broadway road overpasses the freeway . East end just west of 48th Street: 33.410926, -111.980930 7 276,549 31,412 559,257 LOS = F Flat, roadway is at or slightly above grade with surrounding area (0-5 ft elevated). East end east of University Drive: 33.411194, -112.007078 8 264,346 32,071 552,988 LOS = F Flat, roadway is above-grade with surrounding area (5-10 feet elevated). There is a sound wall on south side between 44th and 48th Street. There are commercial buildings on both sides of freeway, but they are set back at least 100'. There are parking lots and easements adjacent to freeway. Surrounding area is flat, except for two hills at south end of segment (Bell Butte and Twin Buttes). Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from WNW or ESE. Freeway is diagonal to annual patterns. Surrounding area is flat. No sound walls or concrete barriers. There are guard rails on the freeways. There are few structures adjacent to the freeway in this area; mostly it is vacant land and some access roads. University Drive overpasses the freeway in the middle of this segment. Surrounding area is flat. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Surrounding area is mostly commercial, though there are housing communities to the south. There are approx. 30,000 people living nearby. Some cement guardrails, mostly open. Jct SR143 at I-10 interchange is 0.3 miles from the western end of the road segment Agricultural: 1%, Commercial: 66%, Industrial 6%, Residential: 22%, Vacant: 5% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 124,000 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the east None Major freeway widening in 2019 None Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the West. Next most frequent wind direction is ESE. Freeway is parallel to annual patterns. Surrounding area is mostly commercial, though there are housing communities to the south. There are approx. 30,000 people living nearby. None None Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the West. Next most frequent wind direction is ESE. Freeway curves to a diagonal of annual patterns. Surrounding area is mostly commercial. There are approx. 8,000 people living nearby. Agricultural: 1%, Commercial: 66%, Industrial 6%, Residential: 22%, Vacant: 5% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 124,000 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the east None Major freeway widening in 2019 None Agricultural: 0.3%, Commercial: 65%, Industrial 9%, Residential: 4%, Vacant: 22% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 117,000 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are nearby to the west. None Major freeway widening in 2019 None 27 None None # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Candidate #9 4 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway which intersects 48th Street/SR143 interchange. I-10 0.2 mile Controlled access highway West end west of 48th Street: 33.411049, 111.980890 Candidate #10 4 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway at the intersection of the US 60. Candidate #11 2 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway in between 7th and 16th Streets I-10 0.26 mile Controlled access highway North end north of Southern Avenue: 33.393763, -111.967401 I-10 0.38 mile Controlled access highway West end is at 10th Street: 33.462152, 112.060676 East end east of 48th Street: 33.410870, 111.977709 9 248,446 29,264 511,820 LOS = D Flat, roadway is at grade with surrounding terrain. South end at the US 60 interchange: 33.390004, -111.967488 10 263,459 27,186 508,129 LOS = F Flat, roadway is at grade with surrounding terrain. No sound walls or concrete barriers. This road segment is bordered on both north and south by the SR 143 interchange, including ramps and access loops and vacant median property. The SR143/48th Street bridge overpasses the freeway in this segment. This segment has housing on the east side of the freeway, with sound walls. The west side of the freeway is part of the ramp interchange with US60, including the vacant median areas with no sound walls or barriers. The elevated bridge/ramp structure from the US 60 interchange takes up most of this segment. Surrounding area is flat. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from WNW or ESE. Freeway is crosswind to annual patterns. East end is at 13th Street: 33.462059, 112.054066 11 268,637 25,078 494,335 LOS = D Freeway is 20-30' below grade from surrounding terrain with steeply sloped walls. There are soundwalls on both the north and south sides of the freeway. The soundwall is at the top of the sloped side. There are residential and commercial buildings and access roads on the backsides of the sound walls. The 12th Street bridge overpasses the freeway in the middle of this segment. 12 13 14 15 16 Surrounding area is flat. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the West. Next most frequent wind direction is ESE. Freeway is parallel to annual patterns. Surrounding area is mostly commercial, though there are housing communities to the south. There are approx. 30,000 people living nearby. None Surrounding area is mostly commercial, though there are housing communities to the south. There are approx. 30,000 people living nearby. None 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Segment intersects with the SR143 interchange Agricultural: 1%, Commercial: 66%, Industrial 6%, Residential: 22%, Vacant: 5% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 124,000 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the east None Major freeway widening in 2019 None Segment intersects with the US60/I-10 interchange Agricultural: 1%, Commercial: 66%, Industrial 6%, Residential: 22%, Vacant: 5% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 124,000 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the east None Major freeway widening in 2019 None 28 Surrounding area is flat. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the West. Next most frequent wind direction is ESE. Freeway is parallel to annual patterns. Surrounding area is a mix of residential and commercial properties. There are approx. 48,000 people living nearby. None (between sound walls and edge of freeway) None Agricultural: 0%, Commercial: 47%, Industrial 1%, Residential: 45%, Vacant: 7% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 75,754 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the south. None None None # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Candidate #12 3/4 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway from 38th to 42nd Streets and is bisected by the 40th street overpass. I-10 0.5 mile Controlled access highway West end is at 38th Street: 33.410944, 111.999913 Candidate #13 1 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway from 33rd to 30th Avenues and is bisected by the 31st Avenue overpass. I-10 0.4 mile Controlled access highway West end is at 33rd Avenue: 33.462663, 112.129827 Candidate #14 5 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the US 60 Freeway Between Longmore Road and Dobson Road US60 0.2 mile Controlled access highway West end is east of Dobson Road: 33.385902, -111.869206 East end is at 42nd Street: 33.411074, 111.991037 12 272,776 24,230 490,848 LOS = E Flat, roadway is at or slightly above grade with surrounding area (0-5 ft elevated). This segment is bordered on the north and south by the on and off-ramps for the 40th Street overpass, including the median vacant areas East end is at 30th Avenue: 33.462235, 112.123632 13 260,136 25,634 490,838 LOS = F Freeway is approximately 20' below-grade from surrounding terrain. This segment is bordered on the north by sound walls. The south side also has sound walls, but there is a section, from 31st avenue to 33rd avenue, that has low walls and/or elevated terrain instead of the high sound walls. Surrounding area is flat. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the west-southwest. Freeway is parallel to annual patterns. East end is is west of Longmore Road: 33.385882, -111.865395 14 284,657 22,697 488,934 LOS = E Freeway is approximately 10' below-grade from surrounding terrain. There is a sound wall on the south portion of freeway which extends through the entire section. The north side does not have a sound wall, but a canal located at the top of the slope extends through the entire length of freeway at this section. Surrounding area is flat. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from WNW or ESE. Freeway is Parrallel to annual patterns. Surrounding area is a mix of commercial and residential. There are approx. 67,000 people living nearby. Surrounding area is a mix of commercial and residential. There are approx. 32,000 people living nearby. None Segment bisects the 31st Avenue overpass, there are no on- or off-ramps. Agricultural: 3%, Commercial: 47%, Industrial 6%, Residential: 39%, Vacant: 5% None Segment is in between the on/off ramps of Dobson and Alma School Roads. Agricultural: 0%, Commercial: 52%, Industrial 0.2%, Residential: 43%, Vacant: 6% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 61,550 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the east. None None None Surrounding area is flat. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the West. Next most frequent wind direction is ESE. Freeway is parallel to annual patterns. Surrounding area is mostly commercial, though there are housing communities to the south. There are approx. 19,000 people living nearby. None Segment bisects the 40th street overpass, there are no on- or off-ramps. Agricultural: 0.5%, Commercial: 66%, Industrial 7%, Residential: 13%, Vacant: 13% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 120,630 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the east. None Major freeway widening in 2019 None Nearby point sources contribute approx. 917,916 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the southwest. None None None 29 # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Candidate #15 5 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the US 60 Freeway and is bisected by the Extension Road overpass. US60 0.1 mile Controlled access highway West end is west of Extension Road: 33.386017, -111.849549 Candidate #16 4 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway between the Broadway Road overpass and the SR 143 Overpass I-10 0.3 mile Controlled access highway Northwest end just east of the SR 143 overpass: 33.410908, -111.977679 Candidate #17 1 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway from 40th to 37th Avenues and is bisected by the 39th Avenue overpass. I-10 0.4 mile Controlled access highway West end is at 40th Avenue: 33.462007, 112.146703 East end is east of Extension Road: 33.386026, -111.847194 15 290,124 21,820 486,500 LOS = E Freeway is approximately 10' below-grade from surrounding terrain. Southeast end just west of the Broadway Road overpass: 33.409348, -111.972871 16 234,016 27,886 484,994 LOS = E Road segment is in between two overpasses, it is at-grade with the surrounding terrain, though there are elevated on- and off-ramps north and south of the segment. No sound walls, though there are low concrete barriers. Most of the segment length is open to the vacant median ground around the interchange. There are no structures near the freeway at this point. Broadway road and SR 143 overpasses the freeway. Surrounding area is flat, except for two hills at southeast of the segment (Bell Butte and Twin Buttes). Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from WNW or ESE. Freeway is diagonal to annual patterns. Surrounding area is mostly commercial, though there are housing communities to the south. There are approx. 30,000 people living nearby. Cement guardrail height = 3ft width = 1ft length = along entire road segment Jct SR143 at I-10 interchange is at the western end of the road segment Agricultural: 1%, Commercial: 66%, Industrial 6%, Residential: 22%, Vacant: 5% East end is at 37th Avenue: 33.462354, 112.139796 17 255,076 25,365 483,366 LOS = E Freeway is approximately 20' below-grade from surrounding terrain. Segment bisects the 39th Avenue overpass, there are no on- or off-ramps. Agricultural: 3%, Commercial: 47%, Industrial 6%, Residential: 39%, Vacant: 5% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 124,000 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the east None Major freeway widening in 2019 None Nearby point sources contribute approx. 917,916 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the southwest. None None None 12 There is a sound wall on the south portion of freeway which extends through the entire section. The north side does not have a sound wall, but a canal located at the top of the slope extends through the entire length of freeway at this section. 13 Surrounding area is flat. 14 15 Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from WNW or ESE. Freeway is Parallel to annual patterns. Surrounding area is a mix of commercial and residential. There are approx. 32,000 people living nearby. 16 None 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Segment bisects the Extension Road overpass, there are no on- or off-ramps. Agricultural: 0%, Commercial: 52%, Industrial 0.2%, Residential: 43%, Vacant: 6% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 61,550 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the east. None None None 30 This segment is bordered on the north and south by sound walls. There is 50-100' of vacant, sloped space between the edge of the freeway and the sound walls. Surrounding area is flat. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the west-southwest. Freeway is parallel to annual patterns. Surrounding area is a mix of commercial and residential. There are approx. 67,000 people living nearby. None # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Candidate #18 1 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway from 48th to 47th Avenues just east of the 51st Avenue on/off ramps. Candidate #20 2 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway from 13th to 18th street and is bisected by the 16th street overpass I-10 0.2 mile Controlled access highway West end is at 48th Avenue: 33.462846, 112.163767 Candidate #19 1 This location is representative of a whole road segment. The segment is the I-10 Freeway at 47th Avenue. This short segment is a continuation of the segment ranked #18. I-10 0.05 mile Controlled access highway West end is at 47th Avenue: 33.462618, 112.160448 East end is at 37th Avenue: 33.462604, 112.160464 18 252,538 24,392 472,062 LOS = E Freeway is approximately 20' below-grade from surrounding terrain. East end is at 47th Avenue: 33.462559, 112.159624 19 252,187 24,391 471,711 LOS = E Freeway is approximately 20' below-grade from surrounding terrain. There are no sound walls around this segment, but there is a sloped edges from the freeway. Buildings are set back from the top of this sloped edge on the south side, the north side has a canal running the entire length of the segment. There are no sound walls around this segment, but there is a sloped edges from the freeway. Buildings are set back from the top of this sloped edge on the south side, the north side has a canal running the entire length of the segment. Surrounding area is flat. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the west-southwest. Freeway is parallel to annual patterns. Surrounding area is flat. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the west-southwest. Freeway is parallel to annual patterns. Surrounding area is a mix of commercial and residential. There are approx. 67,000 people living nearby. None Surrounding area is a mix of commercial and residential. There are approx. 67,000 people living nearby. None none none Agricultural: 3%, Commercial: 47%, Industrial 6%, Residential: 39%, Vacant: 5% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 917,916 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the southwest. None None None Agricultural: 3%, Commercial: 47%, Industrial 6%, Residential: 39%, Vacant: 5% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 917,916 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the southwest. None None None East end is at 18th Street: 33.462107, 112.043728 20 253,338 24,107 470,308 LOS = D Freeway is 20-30' below grade from surrounding terrain with steeply sloped walls. There are sound walls on both the north and south sides of the freeway. The sound wall is at the top of the sloped side. There are residential and commercial buildings and access roads on the backsides of the sound walls. There are on/off ramps for the 16th street overpass, which is in the middle of this section. Surrounding area is flat. Annual wind averages have wind direction most often from the West. Next most frequent wind direction is ESE. Freeway is parallel to annual patterns. Surrounding area is a mix of residential and commercial properties. There are approx. 48,000 people living nearby. None (between sound walls and edge of freeway) The SR 51/Loop 202/I-10 Stack interchange is 0.3 miles east of this road segments. The on/off ramps for the interchange begin at the eastern end of this segment. Agricultural: 0%, Commercial: 47%, Industrial 1%, Residential: 45%, Vacant: 7% Nearby point sources contribute approx. 75,754 lbs/year of NOX emissions, most point sources are to the south. None None None 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 31 I-10 0.6 mile Controlled access highway West end is at 13th Street: 33.462127, 112.054091 Appendix III Aerial Photographs of Candidate Road Segments Candidate #1 – Study Section 4 32 Candidate #2 – Study Section 3 Candidate #3 – Study Section 4 33 Candidate #4 – Study Section 3 Candidate #5 – Study Section 3 34 Candidate #6 – Study Section 4 Candidate #7 – Study Section 4 35 Candidate #8 – Study Section 3 Candidate #9 – Study Section 4 36 Candidate #10 – Study Section 4 Candidate #11 – Study Section 2 37 Candidate #12 – Study Section 3/4 Candidate #13 – Study Section 1 38 Candidate #14 – Study Section 5 Candidate #15 – Study Section 5 39 Candidate #16 – Study Section 4 Candidate #17 – Study Section 1 40 Candidate #18 – Study Section 1 Candidate #19 – Study Section 1 41 Candidate #20 – Study Section 2 42 APPENDIX IV - PUBLIC NOTICE AND COMMENT INFORMATION FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 191 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Public Notice The public notice and news release information is shown below in Figure 16. Figure 16. 2015 Public Announcement Public Meeting Attendance This year, no one attended the Public Meeting. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 192 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Public Comments Received This year, we received public comments from MAG, which follow in Figure 17. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 193 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department . Figure 17. Comments Received from the Maricopa Association of Governments FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 194 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Maricopa County Response to Public Comments Table 33 shows how the plan was amended based on public comments as well as other minor revisions. Page Table 33. Maricopa County Response to Public Comments Received Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG) Comments MC Response 5 Change the title of Figure 13 to read, “2015 O3 Violations by Site based on 2015 NAAQS”. year in title corrected 7 In the last bullet, replace “now” with “how”. revised as suggested 16 Recommend revising the fourth paragraph to read, “In 1979, EPA promulgated a one-hour ozone standard of 0.12 part per million (ppm). EPA revised the ozone standard in 1997, establishing an eight-hour standard at a level of 0.08 ppm. EPA subsequently revoked the onehour standard in 2005, which was less stringent than the eight-hour standard. Maricopa County has attained and currently meets both the one-hour and the 1997 eight-hour ozone standard.” Revised to read – “In 1979, EPA reduced the 1971 1hour primary and secondary O3 NAAQS level of 0.08 ppm to 0.012 ppm. In 1997, EPA revised the O3 NAAQS establishing an 8-hour NAAQS at a level of 0.08 ppm. Since Maricopa County has attained the 1979 1-hour standard, EPA revoked the 1979 1-hour NAAQS for the Phoenix-Mesa nonattainment area in 2005. In addition, the Phoenix-Mesa nonattainment area for the 1997 8-hour O3 NAAQS is now in attainment and was redesignated as “attainment” by EPA for this standard effective October 17, 2014.” 17 In the fifth sentence of the fourth paragraph, replace “form” with “formed”. In the last sentence, recommend revising “Thirty-Third” to “the ThirtyThird monitoring site”. revised as suggested 23 In the first sentence of the second paragraph, replace “if” with “is”. revised as suggested 26 Recommend removing “Error! Not a valid bookmark self-reference” from the first sentence. fixed error code 21 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 195 of 205 revised as suggested Maricopa County Air Quality Department 29 In the third sentence of the first paragraph, revise “according EPA’s” to “according to EPA’s”. 30 In the first sentence of the second paragraph, replace “were” with revised as suggested “was”. In Table 11, revise the number of “Required Near-Road Monitors” from corrected number 11 to 1. 31 revised as suggested 35 In Table 15, remove the “*” symbol from “*AADT”. revised as suggested 36 In the first, fourth and fifth sentences of the second paragraph, include “2008” before “8-hour”. revised as suggested 38 In the first sentence of the second paragraph, replace “155.0” with “154.4”. The sentence was deleted, because it was not be needed. 39 In Table 18, suggest increasing row heights for North Phoenix, South Phoenix and West Phoenix. revised as suggested 42 In the last sentence of the third paragraph, recommend removing the sentence beginning, “In addition, data generated...” as this sentence appears to contradict procedures in 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix N; specifically the definition of “Combined site data record” in Appendix N and the procedures specified in section 3.0(d) of Appendix N. Sentence was deleted as suggested. Revised the last sentence of third paragraph to read…"For data to be acceptable for comparison to the annual and the 24-hour NAAQS, a site’s PM2.5 monitor must meet all EPA operating and QA requirements." Last paragraph revised to read, Table 20“Table 20 summarizes the 2015 data from the FEM analyzers as well as the FRM sampler at West Phoenix.” Last sentence on page 41, removed "will continue to collect" and replaced with "collects". FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 196 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department 42 In Table 20, remove “3-Year” from the title and the “‡” symbol from the “35.3‡” max reading at the Thirty-Third monitor. The 2015 annual mean value for Glendale should be revised to “7.0” from “6.69” according to EPA’s Monitor Values Report. Revised as suggested In Table 21, round values to the nearest tenth of a μg/m3 in the 3-year average column, in keeping with the rounding conventions of 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix N, section 4.3. Revise the 2015 annual mean value for Glendale to 7.0. Revise the 3-year average value for Glendale to 7.4. Recommend including the following footnote to Table 21, “The 3-year annual average value of 10.1 at the West Phoenix monitor is an average of FEM data only and does not include data from collocated West Phoenix FRM monitors. Applicable data from the FRM monitors must be combined with the FEM data before the resulting PM-2.5 value can be compared against the PM-2.5 NAAQS according to the procedures in Appendix N of 40 CFR Part 50.” Corrected the annual mean value for GL in Table 21. 44 In the first paragraph, replace “35.0” with “35” to match rounding conventions of 24-hour PM-2.5 standard. corrected number 44 In Table 22, round values to the nearest 1 μg/m3 in the 3-year average column, in keeping with the rounding conventions of 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix N, section 4.3. Recommend including the following footnote to Table 22, “The 3-year annual average value of 28 at the West Phoenix monitor is an average of FEM data only and does not include data from collocated West Phoenix FRM monitors. Applicable data from the FRM monitors must be combined with the FEM data before the resulting PM-2.5 value can be compared against the PM-2.5 NAAQS according to the procedures in Appendix N of 40 CFR Part 50.” In Table 26, include “2008” before “8-hour” in the row for ozone. Corrected by including data from the FRM using site data combining process. Table 27 includes values from exceedance days in 2016. Replace with values from exceedance days in 2015. corrected 43 46 47 FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 197 of 205 Removed the "FEM Analyzer" from Table 20 title due to data combining at the West Phoenix site. Corrected by including data from the FRM using site data combining process. Removed the "FEM Analyzer" from Table 21 title by removing "FEM Analyzers" due to data combining at the West Phoenix site. Removed the "FEM Analyzer" from Table 22 title by removing "FEM Analyzers" due to data combining at the West Phoenix site. revised as suggested Maricopa County Air Quality Department 51 In the first sentence, insert “six of” in front of “the seven”. revised as suggested 51 In Table 30, replace “0” with “0.33” for the rate of expected exceedances at the Buckeye monitor. corrected 52 In the first paragraph replace “35.0” with “35”, and “35.1” with “35.5”. revised as suggested - also changed 35.0 to 35 in the second sentence. 54 In the last sentence of the third paragraph revise “and, the closing” to “and closing the”. revised as suggested 54 Under bullet point “B”, recommend removing “Greenwood monitor went to Thirty-Third in 2015”, as NO2 is still currently being monitored at Greenwood as of the date of these comments. Revised as suggested AND added the Greenwood NO2 monitor to the Proposed Monitor Closings. 54 In the last paragraph, recommend deleting the last two sentences as NO2 is still currently being monitored at Greenwood as of the date of these comments. Revised to state that we would like to close the GR NO2 monitor, added it to the Proposed Monitor Closing list on page 53, and removed that EPA approved this in 2015. 56 Recommend removing bullet point 4, as NO2 is still currently being monitored at Greenwood as of the date of these comments. revised as suggested 150 In the second sentence of the EE definition, revise “historical” to “historically”. revised as suggested 151 Revise “Federal Equivalency Method” to “Federal Equivalent Method”. revised as suggested Additional Revision Information Page 53 Added the SS CO monitor to the list of Proposed Monitor Closing 138- 139 For WC, changed Row 5 by changing "Yes" to a "No" for proposed monitor removal or move question and added a note at the end of table saying “The 2014 AMNP indicated that these monitors might need to be moved; however, no actions have been taken to date.” FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 198 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department APPENDIX V – GLOSSARY FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 199 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Key to Acronyms and Terms 98th percentile The 98th percentile is defined in 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix N as “the smallest daily value out of a year of PM2.5 mass monitoring data below which no more than 98 percent of all daily values fall using the ranking and selection method specified in section 4.5(a) of this appendix”. ADEQ: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality ADT: Average Daily Traffic count aka: Also known as AMD: Air Monitoring Division AMNP: Air Monitoring Network Plan - an annual report produced for EPA each calendar year that provides comprehensive information regarding the performance of the County’s air quality surveillance system, e.g., network of SLAMS and SPM monitoring stations and / or sites, and the data collected and reported to EPA. The plan includes proposed future changes to the system as well. Analyzer: A monitor that samples the air and produces near real-time data without collecting a sample that must be laboratory analyzed. ANSI: American National Standards Institute AQI: Air Quality Index - the index that applies to each criteria pollutant and shows the concentration of each pollutant relative to its respective standard. When the AQI reaches 101, the pollutant’s concentration has exceeded the NAAQS. AQS: Air Quality System, sometimes defined as the Air Quality Subsystem. The AQS is the U.S. EPA’s ambient air database. ASQ: American Society for Quality Attainment: Attainment refers to a geographical area as being “in compliance” with a NAAQS and the U.S. Clean Air Act. After several years of no violations of a NAAQS, the EPA can classify a geographic area as in attainment for a particular CP. AWT: Average Weekday Traffic count BAM: Beta Attenuation Monitor. A continuous particulate measuring instrument used previously by MCAQD to measure PM10. CAA: Clean Air Act CASAC: Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee CBSA: Core-Based Statistical Area – is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as a statistical geographic entity consisting of the county or counties associated with at least one urbanized area/urban cluster of at least 10,000 in population, plus adjacent counties having a high degree of social and economic integration. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 200 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department CFR: The Code of Federal Regulations is published annually and contains the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. An eCFR is a free electronic version; however, it is not the legal version. Class I Area: Federally designated parks or wilderness areas with mandated visibility protection. CP: Criteria Pollutant, or the Central Phoenix site, depending upon context CO: Carbon monoxide, a criteria pollutant Collocated: The practice of establishing a second pollutant monitor within a specified distance and of a specified type at a monitoring site for quality assurance purposes. Continuous monitor: A method of monitoring air pollutants that is continually measuring the quantity of the pollutant, either gaseous or particulate. Continuous monitors are analyzers that can obtain real-time or short-term averages of pollutants. Continuous monitors may also be referred to as “automated” monitors. Criteria Pollutants: Six pollutants (CO, O3, NO2, Pb, PM, and SO2) that have NAAQS established by the U.S. EPA. CSA: Combined Statistical Area - is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as when very large cities combine two or more CBSAs, these larger areas are referred to as combined statistical areas CSN: The chemical speciation network - a nationwide, research air monitoring network designed to ferret-out the chemical constitutes of and to discern trends in PM2.5 pollution. This program is managed by the U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS). Delta T: Difference between two levels of temperature measurements - Delta T is measured in the MCAQD network at heights of 2 and 10 meters. A higher temperature at the upper level indicates a temperature inversion. Design Value: A design value is a statistic that describes the air quality status of a given area relative to the level of the NAAQS. For a concentration-based standard, the air quality design value is simply the standard-related test statistic. The design value of a pollutant monitoring network is the highest sample value in the network used to compare to the NAAQS; i.e., the 24-hour PM2.5 design value for the network is the monitor with the highest 3-year average of the 98th percentile. EBAM: E-Beta Attenuation Monitor - is a rugged, portable, battery or solar-operated analyzer that is suitable for obtaining and reporting continuous measurements of particulate matter in remote locations. EBAMs are often equipped with wind speed and direction instrumentation as well. EBAMs are particularly useful for temporary measurements of PM related to an event. EPA R9: Environmental Protection Agency Region 9 EE: Exceptional Event – a high CP pollution event that is considered to be uncontrollable and caused by natural sources of pollution or an event that is not expected to recur at a given location. An EE can apply to any CP, but historically in Maricopa County, almost all EEs are related to high PM10 events. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 201 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department Event: Generally refers to a high pollution day where a NAAQS was exceeded. Exceedance: Generally refers to a high pollution day where a NAAQS was exceeded. FDMS-TEOM: Filter Dynamics Measurement System-Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance - a continuous particulate analyzer used by MCAQD to measure PM2.5. FEM: Federal Equivalent Method - an EPA-approved method of sampling and analyzing the ambient air for an air pollutant, i.e., includes the monitor and its operating firmware and procedure(s). An FEM must pass required testing found in 40 CFR Part 53 and show CP data produced are similar to the Federal Reference Method (FRM). Continuous particulate matter and some gaseous analyzers are FEMs. Filter-based sampler: A method of monitoring particulate pollution that involves exposing a preweighed filter to a specific flow rate for a prescribed period of time, usually midnight to midnight, or 1440 minutes. The filters are then post-weighed to determine the mass of particulates per volume, e.g., µg/m3. Filter samples are stored for a period and can be referenced later if needed. FRM: Federal Reference Method - an EPA-approved method of sampling and/or analyzing the ambient air for an air pollutant, i.e., includes the monitor and its operating firmware and procedure(s). An FRM must pass required testing found in 40 CFR Part 53 and show CP data produced are accurate based on acceptable precision and bias limits. These methods are the baseline that all other methods reference, e.g., Federal Equivalency Methods (FEM). HAPs: Hazardous Air Pollutants - airborne chemicals that are been listed in the federal Clean Air Act and have an associated standard or process requirement determined for it. MAG: Maricopa Association of Governments MCAQCED: Maricopa County Air Quality Compliance and Enforcement Division MCAQD: Maricopa County Air Quality Department MO: monitoring organization Monitor: Monitor is a term that refers to an instrument, sampler, analyzer, or other device that measures or assists in the measurement of atmospheric air pollutants and which is acceptable for use in ambient air surveillance under the applicable provisions of 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix C. µg/m3: micrograms per cubic meter µm: micrometers MSA: Metropolitan Statistical Area is designated by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as a geographical area based on the concept of a core area with a large population nucleus, plus adjacent communities having a high degree of economic and social integration within that core. Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas are the two categories of CBSAs. Metropolitan areas have populations greater than 50,000, and micropolitan areas have populations between 10,000 and 50,000. The AMD operates air monitoring FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 202 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department stations within the Phoenix-Mesa MSA, which includes portions of Maricopa and Pinal County. NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standards - health and welfare-based standards established by the U.S. EPA that set permissible airborne concentration levels for the CPs. NATTS: National Air Toxics Trend Stations - a nationwide, research air monitoring program designed to measure toxic air pollutant trends. This program is managed by the U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS). NCORE: National Core multi-pollutant site a national network of multi-pollutant monitoring sites used to represent the nation as a whole. There are currently ~75 NCORE sites, 1 to 3 per state plus Washington D.C., Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico located in both urban and rural areas. This program is managed by the U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS). Network: All stations of a given type or types NO2: Nitrogen dioxide. The indicator compound used to gauge the ambient concentration of NOx. NOX: Nitrogen oxide(s), a criteria pollutant. NOx is the sum of nitric oxide (NO), NO2, and other nitrogen-containing compounds. Nonattainment: Means a geographical area is “not in compliance” with the NAAQS and the U.S. Clean Air Act. After several years of violating a NAAQS, the EPA can classify a geographic area as being in nonattainment for a particular criteria pollutant. O3 : Ozone, a criteria pollutant OAQPS: The U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards located in Research Triangle Park, N.C., which serves as EPA “Headquarters” for ambient air monitoring guidance and the NAAQS reviews. PAMS: Photochemical Ambient Monitoring Stations - a nationwide, research air monitoring program designed to measure specific airborne chemicals that are known to be “precursor pollutants” that form ozone when combined with ultraviolet light and heat. This program is managed by the U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS). PCAQCD: Pinal County Air Quality Control District Pb: Lead, a criteria pollutant PM: Particulate matter, also known as “particulates”, project manager, or preventative maintenance depending on context PM2.5: Particulate matter 2.5 micrometers in aerometric diameter or smaller, a criteria pollutant. PM2.5 is also referred to as “fine” particulate matter. PM10: Particulate matter 10 micrometers in aerometric diameter or smaller, a criteria pollutant PM10-2.5 and / or PMc: “Coarse” particulate matter is less than 10 micrometers, but recently, has come to mean PM10 minus PM2.5, not currently regulated as a lone a criteria pollutant. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 203 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department ppb: parts per billion ppm: parts per million PQAO: Primary quality assurance organization - a monitoring organization (MO) or other organization that is responsible for a set of air monitoring stations that monitor the same pollutant and for which data quality assessments can be pooled. Each criteria pollutant sampler/monitor at a monitoring station in the SLAMS and SPM networks must be associated with one, and only one, primary quality assurance organization. Primary The portion of the NAAQS designed to protect public health. Standard: QA: Quality assurance – generally refers to the administrative or managerial processes in place to verify that quality control activities are successfully carried out by personnel and that data produced meet specified quality requirements prior to use, i.e., written guidance documents, program oversight activities, etc. QC: Quality control – generally refers to the technical activities in place to produce high quality data, i.e., air monitoring instruments operate within specified criteria, data collection from sites, etc. Quality System: The overall system of technical activities that measure the attributes and performance of a process, item, or service against defined standards to verify that they meet the stated requirements established by the customer. (see ANSI/ASQ E4-2004) RRNS: Rapid Response Notification System - a communication tool used by MCAQD to manage high pollution events by alerting residents, intergovernmental personnel, and stakeholders of increasing PM concentrations. Sampler: A type of air monitor that collects a physical sample for analysis. Air samples may be collected onto a filter, cartridge, or other medium, or into a device such as a canister. Secondary The portion of the NAAQS designed to protect public welfare and the environment. Standard: SIP: State Implementation Plan - a SIP is a plan produced by state and/or local regulatory agencies that specifies obligations that will be taken for a geographic area in nonattainment to meet the NAAQS for a criteria pollutant. SIPs are also developed for maintaining compliance with the NAAQS. Site: A site is a geographic location. One or more air monitoring stations can be located at a site. SLAMS: State and Local Air Monitoring Station - the SLAMS network consist of approximately 5,000 monitoring stations nationwide whose size and distribution is largely determined by the needs of State and local air pollution control agencies to meet their respective SIP requirements. Other types of monitoring stations include: NCORE (national core) and SPM (special purpose). Currently, the AMD FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 204 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department operates SLAMS only. SO2: Sulfur dioxide, a criteria pollutant SPM: Special Purpose Monitor - a special purpose monitor provides data for special studies needed by the State and local agencies to support SIPs and other air program activities. The SPMs are not permanently established as part of a particular pollutant’s monitoring station(s); their location can be adjusted easily to accommodate changing needs and priorities. SSI: Size Selective Inlet - the inlet used on high- and low volume particulate samplers and analyzers to determine the size of particles sampled or measured by the monitor. The particle size separation process usually employs impaction, filtration, or cyclonic flow. Station: A station may comprise a single CP monitor, or a group of monitors with a shared objective, located at a particular site. TEOM: Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance - a automated, continuous FEM PM analyzer used by MCAQD to measure PM10 and/or PM2.5 concentrations, depending upon the instrument model and air sample inlet configuration(s). tpy: tons per year UATMP: Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program - a nationwide research air monitoring program designed to measure toxic air pollutants within urban areas. This program is managed by the U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS). U.S. EPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency VOC: Volatile Organic Compound - VOCs are chemical compounds that can easily vaporize and enter the atmosphere. There are many natural and artificial sources of VOCs; solvents and gasoline make up some of the largest artificial sources. VOCs will react with NOx in the presence of sunlight to create ground-level O3 pollution. Volume: a. The amount of air sampled for analysis. Volume is calculated by multiplying a monitor’s flowrate by the collection time, usually in minutes. Volume = flowrate X minutes b. The amount of data in a file or database. FINAL – 2015 Air Monitoring Network Plan Page 205 of 205 Maricopa County Air Quality Department