Maricopa County Environmental Services Department Air Quality Division 2002 Network Review Acknowledgments The Maricopa County Air Monitoring Unit continued to strive for excellence in maintaining the Maricopa County Air Monitoring Network. There were several changes to the network, including, establishing a new site and dealing with equipment problems. The Air Monitoring Unit continues to be under the direct supervision of Warren Kosters. Two new technicians were hired this year (Tom Shorb and Robert Dyer). We would like to thank the other agencies that provided data and helpful comments. These include Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ), Pinal County Air Quality Control District (PCAQCD), and Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG). We would especially like to thank all of the air monitoring staff for the excellent job they did in maintaining our air-monitoring network. They are Larry Seals, Tom Shorb, Gary Ensminger, Bill Searle, Dale Foster, Ben Davis, Trixie Torrez, Del Hawkins, Robert Dyer, and Marilyn McGilberry Steve Peplau Division Manager Air Quality Division Warren Kosters Air Quality Program Coordinator Air Quality Division 2 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................................................................................................................... 2 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5 NETWORK DESIGN ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 SPECIAL PROJECTS AND NETWORK CHANGES ...................................................................................................... 6 DATA SUMMARIES............................................................................................................................................................. 7 CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS ......................................................................................................................................... 7 CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) ............................................................................................................................................. 9 OZONE (O3) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10 PARTICULATE MATTER (PM-10)................................................................................................................................. 12 NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2) ........................................................................................................................................... 14 SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2) ................................................................................................................................................. 14 LEAD / TSP. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 15 DATA COMPLETENESS ................................................................................................................................................. 15 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS)................................................................................ 16 NAAQS EXCEEDANCE AND VIOLATION SUMMARY 2002.................................................................................... 16 MONITORING SITES SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................. 20 SITE SPECIFICATIONS .......................................................................................................................................................... 21 SITE INSTRUMENT SETUP .................................................................................................................................................... 23 BLUE POINT (BP) (04-013-9702)........................................................................................................................................ 24 CAVE CREEK (CC) (04-013-4008)...................................................................................................................................... 25 CENTRAL PHOENIX (CP) (04-013-3002)............................................................................................................................. 26 CHANDLER (CH) (04-013-0021)......................................................................................................................................... 27 DURANGO COMPLEX (DC) (04-013-9812).......................................................................................................................... 28 FALCON FIELD (FF) (04-013-1010) .................................................................................................................................... 29 FOUNTAIN HILLS (FH) (04-013-9704) ............................................................................................................................... 30 GLENDALE (GL) (04-013-2001) ......................................................................................................................................... 31 GREENWOOD (GR) (04-013-3010)...................................................................................................................................... 32 HIGLEY (HI) (04-013-4006)............................................................................................................................................... 33 HUMBOLDT MOUNTAIN (HM) (04-013-9508) .................................................................................................................... 34 MARYVALE (MA) (04-013-3006) ....................................................................................................................................... 35 MESA (ME) (04-013-1003)................................................................................................................................................. 36 NORTH PHOENIX (NP) (04-013-1004) ................................................................................................................................ 37 PINNACLE PEAK (PP) (04-013-2005) .................................................................................................................................. 38 RIO VERDE (RV) (04-013-9704)......................................................................................................................................... 39 SALT RIVER (SA) (04-013-3007)........................................................................................................................................ 40 SOUTH PHOENIX (SP) (04-013-4003) ................................................................................................................................. 41 SOUTH SCOTTSDALE (SS) (04-013-3003) ........................................................................................................................... 42 SURPRISE (SU) (04-013-4007)............................................................................................................................................ 43 TEMPE (TE) (04-013-4005)................................................................................................................................................ 44 WEST CHANDLER (WC) (04-013-4004).............................................................................................................................. 45 WEST FORTY THIRD (WF) (04-013-4009) ......................................................................................................................... 46 WEST INDIAN SCHOOL RD. (WI) (04-013-0016) ................................................................................................................ 47 WEST PHOENIX (WP) (04-013-0019).................................................................................................................................. 48 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ............................................................................................................................................. 49 DASIBI................................................................................................................................................................................. 49 EPA OZONE MAPPING ........................................................................................................................................................ 49 MARICOPA COUNTY’S INTERACTIVE POLLUTION MAP ....................................................................................................... 50 SALT RIVER AIR MONITORING STUDY ................................................................................................................................ 51 3 EVALUATION OF OZONE NETWORK FOR THE NEW EIGHT-HOUR STANDARD...................................................................... 51 CHANDLER AND HIGLEY SITES ........................................................................................................................................... 52 POLLUTION TRENDS....................................................................................................................................................... 53 CARBON MONOXIDE ........................................................................................................................................................... 53 OZONE ................................................................................................................................................................................ 53 PARTICULATES .................................................................................................................................................................... 54 SULFUR DIOXIDE ................................................................................................................................................................ 56 NITROGEN DIOXIDE ............................................................................................................................................................ 56 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 58 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................................... 59 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................................................................... 60 PRELIMINARY ADEQ AIR MONITORING DATA Y2002 DATA FOR MARICOPA COUNTY ..................................................... 60 4 Abstract The 2002 Annual Air Monitoring Network Review is being submitted by the Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD), Air Quality Division to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region 9. The network review evaluates the adequacy of the ambient air-monitoring network with respect to the monitoring objectives and spatial scales. This is required by 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix F. The National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS) and State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) are evaluated for their location and adequacy. Network changes, special projects, and data summaries are also included in the review. Network Design Ambient air monitoring networks are designed to sample air pollution in a variety of settings, assess the health welfare affects, and assist in determining sources of air pollution. In general, the following six basic monitoring objectives and five measuring scales are used to determine the network design (see Table -1, -2). Additional items such as availability of power, accessibility to site, security, geographic location, and fiscal and personnel resources are also used in determining feasibility of the network design. Site Monitoring Objectives (Table –1) 1. Determine highest concentrations expected to occur in the area covered by the network 2. Determine representative concentrations in areas of high population density 3. Determine the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories 4. Determine general background concentration levels 5. Determine the extent of regional pollutant transport from populated areas, with regards to the secondary standards (such as visibility impairment and effects on vegetation) 6. Determine the welfare-related impacts in more rural and remote areas When establishing a new monitoring site or reviewing existing sites, one must link monitoring objectives to the physical location of the site. This can be done by correctly matching the spatial scale, which represents the sample of air around the monitor where pollutant concentrations are reasonably uniform, with the most appropriate monitoring objective. Thus, spatial scale represents the physical dimensions of the air parcel around the monitor, and monitoring objective represents the overall purpose of the monitor (see Table -1, -2). Combining the spatial scale with the monitoring objective gives the how and why air-monitoring sites are located in particular areas. Spatial Measurement Scale (Table –2) Name Define parameter (radius) Micro Scale 0 to 100 meters Middle Scale 100 to 500 meters Neighborhood Scale 0.5 to 4 kilometers Urban Scale 4 to 50 kilometers Regional Scale 10 to 100s of kilometers 5 Since it is physically and fiscally impossible to monitor the air quality everywhere within the county, a representative sample of the air quality must be obtained. This sample is based on the monitoring objectives and the spatial measurement scale. For example, there might be several locations where the highest concentration of carbon monoxide is expected to occur. However, only one or two sites may be established to represent all of the high concentration areas. The same reasoning can be used for all criteria pollutants. This does not mean that the number of monitoring sites is fixed. To the contrary, the network must be dynamic enough to maintain a current representative sample of the air quality. One of the underlying purposes of this review, other than statutory obligation, is to refine the monitoring network to ensure that the citizens of Maricopa County are provided with quality and relevant data. The data is used in a variety of different ways. Most importantly it is used to determine the attainment status for parts of Maricopa County. Mathematical models are created using the data to determine the effectiveness of control programs on pollution levels. Also, other models are created to determine the possible locations of new sites and help in pollution forecasts. Maricopa County also provides public access to the data by posting it on the Internet. Special Projects and Network Changes Air quality issues such as ozone attainment, the new 8-hr ozone standard, and permits for new power plants are diverse and controversial subjects for the citizens of Maricopa County. Since no policies can be made without quality data, the Maricopa County Air Monitoring Unit strives to provide the most reliable and relevant air monitoring data to the public. The following is a list of projects and changes that have occurred during the year 2002. I. Maricopa County continues to run part of its carbon monoxide (CO) monitors and ozone (O3) monitors on a seasonal basis (Table -3). Having part of the network operating seasonally allows us to upgrade instruments, perform preventive maintenance, expand the life expectancy of the instruments, reduce replacement costs, and better utilize our QA and QC resources on the remaining instruments. Seasonal Monitors (Table –3) Seasonal Carbon Monoxide monitors (Sept. 1- Apr. 1) Seasonal Ozone monitors (Apr. 1 – Oct. 1) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Glendale Site Maryvale Site Mesa Site North Phoenix Site South Phoenix Site South Scottsdale Site Surprise Site Tempe Site West Chandler Site Cave Creek Site Falcon Field Site Glendale Site Humboldt Mountain Site Maryvale Site Mesa Site Rio Verde Site Surprise Site Tempe Site West Chandler Site 6 II. MCESD will shut down the ozone monitor at the Mesa site (04-013-1003). This closure is a result of the evaluation of the ozone network by MCESD, ADEQ, and the EPA. The equipment will be used to better characterize underrepresented sections of the valley. The nearest active ozone monitor is at the Tempe site (04-013-4005) three miles to the west. The Maryvale site (04-013-3006) was determined to be a good candidate to move farther into the west valley. III. As of February 2002, MCESD was unable to receive any parts or services from the Dasibi Corporation, due to the company going out of business. Unfortunately, all of the our multi-gas calibrators and more than half of our ozone monitors, including transfer and primary standards were made by Dasibi (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). IV. MCESD continues to participate in the Joint Air Toxic Assessment Project (JATAP) in conjunction with ADEQ and Phoenix area Urban Tribal Communities. We have been providing space at our existing sites (South Phoenix and West 43rd) for Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) monitoring. We have assisted in building an emission inventory and determining new monitoring sites. V. MCESD continues its wintertime High Pollution Advisory (HPA) program. This program restricts residential wood burning and encourages alternate forms of transportation during times of high carbon monoxide or particulate levels. VI. MCESD participated in the Salt River Monitoring Study. The study was conceived to provide sufficient data to correct the inadequacy of the PM-10 SIP (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). VII. MCESD is continuing its distribution of pollution data to the public by posting our one-hour continuous data on the Internet. Additionally, MCESD continues to participate in the EPA Ozone Mapping website (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). • • http://www.maricopa.gov/envsvc/air/air_map.asp http://www.epa.gov/airnow VIII. The Higley Site was established in the southeast valley for possible replacement of the Chandler Site. The Chandler Site may remain because of future freeway construction (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). IX. MCESD continues to evaluate the PM-10 network for possible additional sites for determining the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories. The significant sources would include industry and agriculture. Resource allocation, both financial and personnel, continue to remain an obstacle in establishing new monitoring sites Data Summaries CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS The following discussion focuses on Maricopa County’s Ambient Air Monitoring Network relative to the criteria pollutants and monitoring objectives of the National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS), State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS), and Special Purpose Monitors (SPM). The MCESD Air Monitoring Unit maintained twenty-five ambient air-monitoring sites throughout Maricopa County (Table -4). The history of these sites range from 1961 (Central Phoenix) to 2002 (West 43rd Ave,). Land use patterns around these sites vary from heavy populated urban areas to sparsely populated rural settings. 7 Site elevation ranges from near the Salt River channel to the top of Humboldt Mountain. MCESD monitors for the following “criteria pollutants”: Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Particulates, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Sulfur Dioxide. Since the levels have been consistently below national levels, MCESD no longer monitors for lead (Pb) Maricopa County Ambient Air Monitoring Sites for 2002 (Table -4) Sites Site Abbr. AIRS Code Blue Point Cave Creek Chandler Central Phoenix Durango Complex Falcon Field Fountain Hills Glendale Greenwood Higley Humboldt Mountain Maryvale Mesa BP CC CH CP DC FF FH GL GR HI HM MA ME Sites 04-013-9702 04-013-4008 04-013-0021 04-013-3002 04-013-9812 04-013-1010 04-013-9704 04-013-2001 04-013-3010 04-013-4006 04-013-9508 04-013-3006 04-013-1003 Site Abbr. AIRS Code North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde Salt River South Phoenix South Scottsdale Surprise Tempe West Chandler West 43rd Ave. W. Indian School Rd. West Phoenix NP PP RV SA SP SS SU TE WC WF WI WP 04-013-1004 04-013-2005 04-013-9706 04-013-3007 04-013-4003 04-013-3003 04-013-4007 04-013-4005 04-013-4004 04-013-4009 04-013-0016 04-013-0019 Criteria Pollutant by Sites (Table -5) O3 CO PM-10 NO2 SO2 BP (n) NP (s) CP (n) WI (n) CH (n) SA (sp) CP. (n) CP (n) CC (sp) PP (s) GL (s) WP (n) CP (n) SP (n) GR (s) SS (n) CP (n) RV (s) GR (s) SU (sp) DC (s) SS (n) SS (n) FF (s) SP (s) TE (sp) HI (sp) SU (sp) TE (sp) FH (n) SS (n) MA (s) GL (n) WC (s) WP (s) GL (s) SU (sp) ME (s) GR (s) WF (s) HM (s) TE (sp) NP (s) MA (s) WP (n) (s) = SLAMS MA (s) WC (s) SP (s) ME (s) (sp) = Special Purpose ME (s) WP (s) SS (s) NP (s) Bold = changes to site WC (s) (n) = NAMS Underline = changes to site are pending Criteria pollutants are found all over the United States. These pollutants can injure health, harm the environment and cause property damage. EPA designates these pollutants criteria air pollutants because the agency has regulated them by first developing health-based criteria (science-based guidelines) as the basis for setting permissible levels. One set of limits (primary standard) protects against adverse health effects; another set of limits (secondary standard) is intended to prevent environmental and property damage. A geographic area that meets or surpasses the primary standard is called an “attainment area”; areas that don't meet the primary standard are called “non-attainment areas”. Although EPA has been regulating criteria air pollutants since the 8 1970 Clean Air Act was passed, many urban areas are classified as non-attainment for at least one criteria air pollutant. It has been estimated that about 121 million Americans live in non-attainment areas. CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) During 2002, thirteen CO monitors were reported as operational to the USEPA Aerometric Information and Retrieval System (AIRS). Three of the monitors were classified as NAMS, eight as SLAMS, and two reported as SPM (Table -5). For Calendar Year 2002, no exceedances of the CO 1-hour standard were recorded at any MCESD monitoring sites (see Table -6). 2002 1-HR CARBON MONOXIDE SUMMARY (Table -6) CO 1-HR AVG. MAX. (PPM) Date 6.0 01/26/02 CO 1-HR AVG. 2ND High (PPM) Date 5.8 01/07/02 Number of Exceedances 0 Number of Samples 8611 Glendale 4.1 12/29/02 3.9 12/28/02 0 4959 Greenwood 7.3 01/27/02 6.8 01/08/02 0 8480 Maryvale 8.0 01/18/02 6.9 01/08/02 0 5010 Mesa 4.9 01/07/02 4.6 01/08/02 0 4862 North Phoenix 4.5 01/15/02 4.5 03/05/02 0 5027 South Phoenix 6.5 02/01/02 6.5 11/22/02 0 5019 South Scottsdale 5.5 01/25/02 4.3 01/07/02 0 5019 Surprise 4.2 11/18/02 2.4 12/07/02 0 4943 Tempe 4.9 10/16/02 4.7 12/14/02 0 4730 West Chandler 3.5 11/22/02 3.0 02/02/02 0 5011 W. Indian School 7.7 01/18/02 7.3 02/12/02 0 8174 West Phoenix 8.6 01/18/02 7.4 01/08/02 0 8058 Site Central Phoenix CO is the most widely distributed and most commonly occurring air pollutant. Total emissions of CO to the atmosphere exceed all other pollutants combined, on a weight basis. Fortunately, CO does not persist in the atmosphere, but is quickly converted to Carbon Dioxide (CO2). CO can reach dangerous levels in very localized areas or hotspots such as heavily traveled intersections or city streets. In addition, CO has been implicated in ozone formation. Most people are familiar with CO and are aware that automobiles produce this deadly odorless and colorless gas. In Maricopa County, more than 70% of all the manmade CO comes from vehicle emissions. In fact, this gas is produced almost anytime something is burned. All substances that are living (plants, animals) or that were once living (wood, coal, oil, gasoline) are composed of carbon compounds. If these substances are burned in the presence of sufficient oxygen, the carbon is converted to CO2 gas. If, as is often the case, not enough oxygen is present, carbon monoxide gas is produced. For example, high concentrations of CO can be found in cigarette smoke. For Calendar Year 2002, no exceedances of the CO 8-hour standard were recorded at any MCESD monitoring site (see Table –7). The following is the 2002 data summary for 8-hour average carbon monoxide at Maricopa County monitoring sites. 9 2002 8-HR AVERAGE CARBON MONOXIDE SUMMARY (Table -7) Site CO 8–HR AVG. MAX (PPM) Date CO 8–HR AVG. 2ND High (PPM) Date Number of Exceedances Central Phoenix 4.4 01/08/02 4.1 01/27/02 0 Glendale 3.2 12/29/02 2.7 01/16/02 0 Greenwood 5.4 01/27/02 5.1 01/08/02 0 Maryvale 5.0 12/15/02 5.0 01/08/02 0 Mesa 3.5 01/08/02 3.5 01/09/02 0 North Phoenix 3.2 03/20/02 2.7 01/16/02 0 South Phoenix 3.8 11/17/02 3.7 01/13/02 0 South Scottsdale 3.0 01/08/02 2.8 01/07/02 0 Surprise 1.2 11/18/02 1.1 12/16/02 0 Tempe 3.4 12/14/02 3.4 12/29/02 0 West Chandler 2.2 02/03/02 2.2 11/23/02 0 W. Indian School 5.5 12/14/02 5.4 12/07/02 0 West Phoenix 5.5 01/18/02 5.5 12/14/02 0 Carbon monoxide’s danger lies in the extremely strong affinity that hemoglobin has for it. Hemoglobin, the special oxygen-transporting material in the red blood cell, has approximately 200 times stronger affinity for CO than for oxygen. Therefore, if both CO and O2 are present the bonding between the CO and hemoglobin will prevent the O2 from exchanging with your body. This puts a heavy burden on people with heart disease and can aggravate angina, but even healthy people can suffer from harmful side effects from CO. In 2002 Maricopa County achieved its sixth year of compliance with the eight-hour CO standard. However, the urbanized area of Maricopa County currently remains in serious non-attainment for carbon monoxide. The Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG) submitted a Revised MAG 1999 Serious Area CO Plan to the USEPA in March 2001. MAG is also preparing a maintenance plan for submission to the USEPA, so that Maricopa County can be redesignated an attainment area for carbon monoxide. OZONE (O3) During 2002, eighteen ozone monitors were reported as operational in AIRS. Four of the monitors were identified as NAMS, eleven were identified as SLAMS, and three were identified as a Special Purpose Monitor (SPM) (Table -5). For Calendar Year 2002, no exceedances of the ozone 1-hour average standard were recorded at Maricopa County NAMS / SLAMS monitoring sites (Table -8). The following is the 2002 data summary for the 1-hour average ozone at Maricopa County monitoring sites (Table -8). 10 2002 ONE HOUR OZONE SUMMARY (Table -8) Blue Point Max. (PPM) Date .110 07/12/02 2ND High 3RD High 4TH High # of (PPM) Date (PPM) Date (PPM) Date Exceed .104 08/16/02 .102 07/13/02 .098 07/24/02 0 Cave Creek .102 08/10/02 .100 06/07/02 .099 07/24/02 .096 6/05/02 0 4764 Central Phoenix .123 07/11/02 .098 07/12/02 .089 07/10/02 .089 06/07/02 0 8298 Falcon Field .113 07/12/02 .111 07/13/02 .101 07/24/02 .098 06/07/02 0 4934 Fountain Hills .114 07/12/02 .107 07/13/02 .105 08/16/02 .101 08/10/02 0 8566 Glendale .101 07/09/02 .099 07/11/02 .097 07/12/02 .090 06/28/02 0 4992 Humboldt Mt. .124 07/12/02 .099 06/05/02 .098 06/18/02 .096 06/07/02 0 5045 Maryvale .119 07/09/02 .111 07/11/02 .108 07/10/02 .094 07/17/02 0 4999 Mesa .097 07/24/02 .091 07/12/02 .083 07/11/02 .083 08/17/02 0 6842 North Phoenix .111 07/12/02 .104 07/09/02 .104 07/11/02 .100 07/24/02 0 8524 Pinnacle Peak .115 07/12/02 .102 07/15/02 .101 07/09/02 .101 07/24/02 0 8498 Rio Verde .101 08/16/02 .100 06/05/02 .099 07/13/02 .099 06/07/02 0 5014 South Phoenix .104 07/11/02 .104 07/10/02 .091 07/12/02 .089 06/07/02 0 8566 South Scottsdale .102 07/12/02 .094 07/13/02 .093 07/11/02 .092 06/07/02 0 8368 Surprise .098 07/09/02 .091 06/06/02 .086 06/18/02 .086 05/13/02 0 4820 Tempe .100 07/11/02 .097 07/24/02 .096 08/17/02 .096 06/07/02 0 5018 West Chandler .110 07/10/02 .101 07/13/02 .097 08/08/02 .096 07/11/02 0 4984 West Phoenix .123 07/11/02 .116 07/09/02 .097 07/17/02 .095 07/10/02 0 8548 Site Samples 8611 # Indicates <75% data available In 2002 Maricopa County achieved its sixth year of compliance with the one-hour standard. However, the urbanized area of Maricopa County currently retains its designation as a serious non-attainment area. MAG is preparing a maintenance plan for submission to the USEPA to allow Maricopa County to be re-designated to an attainment area for the one-hour ozone standard. On July 18, 1997 the Environmental Protection Agency promulgated a new ozone standard to ensure a more effective and efficient protection of public health and the environment. The new purposed Primary Standard for ozone is 0.08 ppm. Compliance with the standard is determined by averaging the 4th highest eight-hour average over a three-year period. This three-year average must be less than or equal to 0.08 ppm. It should be noted that US Supreme Court has recently allowed the USEPA to implement the new ozone standard. For Calendar Year 2002, there were sixteen sites that exceeded the eight-hour primary standard for ozone. The following is the 2002 data summary for eight-hour Ozone at Maricopa County monitoring sites (Table -9). Additionally, three sites violated the eight-hour primary standard (Table -18) 11 2002 PROPOSED 8-HR AVERAGE OZONE SUMMARY (Table -9) Site 8-HR MAX (PPM) Date 2ND HIGH (PPM) Date 3RD HIGH (PPM) Date 4TH HIGH (PPM) Date Blue Point Cave Creek Central Phoenix .091 06/06/02 .090 06/05/02 .088 07/11/02 .089 07/12/02 .089 06/07/02 .084 07/09/02 .088 06/07/02 .089 06/06/02 .082 07/12/02 .086 07/13/02 .086 07/09/02 .076 06/05/02 5 4 1 Falcon Field .093 0712/02 .092 07/24/02 .086 06/07/02 .084 06/06/02 3 Fountain Hills .092 06/06/02 .092 07/12/02 .091 06/05/02 .086 06/07/02 5 Glendale .094 07/09/02 .088 07/11/02 .083 07/10/02 .083 05/13/02 2 Humboldt Mt. .102 07/21/02 .091 06/05/02 .090 06/06/02 .090 06/18/02 8 Maryvale .107 07/09/02 .095 07/11/02 .094 07/10/02 .084 07/12/02 3 Mesa .082 07/12/02 .073 07/11/02 .073 07/09/02 .072 07/24/02 0 North Phoenix .093 07/09/02 .089 07/11/02 .088 07/12/02 .085 06/06/02 5 Pinnacle Peak .089 07/12/02 .086 06/06/02 .085 07/15/02 .084 07/24/02 3 Rio Verde .089 06/06/02 .088 06/07/02 .085 06/05/02 .085 06/04/02 4 South Phoenix .090 07/11/02 .086 07/10/02 .082 07/12/02 .081 06/05/02 2 South Scottsdale .087 07/12/02 .079 07/09/02 .079 07/11/02 .079 06/05/02 1 Surprise .083 06/06/02 .080 07/09/02 .080 06/18/02 .079 05/13/02 0 Tempe .086 07/12/02 .085 07/11/02 .083 06/07/02 .080 06/06/02 2 West Chandler .094 07/10/02 .085 07/11/02 .083 07/12/02 .083 0808/02 2 West Phoenix .103 07/11/02 .100 07/09/02 .084 07/10/02 .084 07/12/02 2 Number of DAYS ≥ .085 # Indicates <75% data available Ozone is a naturally occurring compound in which three oxygen atoms combine together. This is an unstable combination, and ozone is continually going through a natural cycle of being formed and then converting back to the more stable “normal” double oxygen compound. The cycle occurs fairly rapidly. In the stratosphere (6 miles and more above the earth), natural ozone has a beneficial effect of screening out harmful ultraviolet light from the sun. Ozone is a major component of the brown haze smog in our breathing air. Ozone is not directly emitted into the air, but rather forms in a complex reaction that involves heat, sunlight, and a “soup” of toxic pollutants, especially Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Some of the most common sources are gasoline vapors, chemical solvents, and combustion products of fuels and consumer products. Ozone is created by sunlight acting on nitrates (NOX) and VOCs from motor vehicles and stationary sources, and can be carried hundreds of miles from their origins. Ozone affects the respiratory system in people, animals, and the growth of plants. PARTICULATE MATTER (PM-10) During 2002, sixteen PM-10 monitors were reported as operational in AIRS. Six monitors were identified as NAMS, seven were identified as SLAMS, and three were identified as SPM (Table -5). The Central Phoenix site (CP) has both a continuous Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) monitor and a 6-day SSI High Volume Monitor. 12 For Calendar Year 2002, there were five exceedances of the PM-10 twenty four-hour standard. Additionally, there were eight sites that exceeded the PM-10 annual standard (Table -10). For Calendar Year 2002, there were six sites that violated the PM-10 24-hour standard and five sites that violated the PM-10 annual standard (Table –16, -17). The following is the 2002 data summary for particulate pollution at Maricopa County monitoring sites (Table -10). 2002 PARTICULATE SUMMARY (Table -10) Site Number of Expected Annual Avg. 24hr Avg. Max. 24hr Avg. 2nd High (µg/m3) Exceedances Exceedances (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Completeness Percentage (%) Central Phoenix 81 76 0 0 43 100 Chandler 128 117 0 0 * 56 100 * 232 * 158 2 12 * 70 100 Glendale 88 85 0 0 40 98 Greenwood 116 102 0 0 * 55 100 Higley 138 134 0 0 * 62 95 Maryvale 142 90 0 0 45 92 Mesa 102 86 0 0 38 100 North Phoenix 80 72 0 0 37 100 * 249 * 174 2 12 * 80 98 South Phoenix 137 123 0 0 * 60 100 South Scottsdale 64 62 0 0 37 100 Surprise 81 67 0 0 32 97 West Chandler 80 77 0 0 38 100 * 172 135 1 6 # 68 75 122 98 0 0 * 52 100 Durango Complex Salt River West Forty Third West Phoenix * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% data available Particulate Matter is the term for solid or liquid particles found in the air. While some particles are large or dark enough to be seen as soot or smoke, others can only be seen through an electron microscope. In 1987 the EPA replaced the TSP (Total Suspended Particulates) air quality standard with a PM-10 (particles measuring less than ten microns) Standard. Research found that PM-10 has the ability to reach the lower regions of the respiratory tract. PM-10 affects the respiratory system in people and animals. Particulates that have high acid levels can cause damage to man-made materials and reduce visibility. On July 2, 2002 (67 FR 44369), EPA found the state implementation plan (SIP) for the Metropolitan Phoenix (Maricopa County), Arizona serious PM-10 non-attainment area to be inadequate to attain the 24-hour particulate (PM-10) air quality standard at the Salt River monitoring site. Under authority from the Clean Air Act, EPA has required a SIP revision to be submitted by the State of Arizona to correct the inadequacy. Fine particles (PM-2.5 particles measuring less than 2.5 microns) are respirable. They enter the body and are deposited in the pulmonary tissues. Epidemiological studies have shown a causal relationship between particulates and excess mortality, aggravation of bronchitis, and small reversible changes in the pulmonary function in children. Currently, Maricopa County does not operate any PM 2.5 monitors. However, the 13 Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) does operate seven PM 2.5 monitors within Maricopa County. They are the Estrella, Palo Verde, Greenwood, Supersite, Tempe Community Center, Desert West, Magnet School Traditional (which was moved to MCESD West Phoenix site June 13, 2000), and ASU West sites. ADEQ reports the PM-2.5 data in their annual report. NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2) All parts of Maricopa County are in attainment for nitrogen dioxide. During 2002, five NO2 monitors were operational and were reported in AIRS. Two monitors were designated as NAMS monitors, two designated as SLAMS, and one was designated as SPM (see Table -5). For Calendar Year 2002, no exceedances of the NO2 annual standard were recorded at Maricopa County NAMS/SLAMS monitoring sites (see Table -11). 2002 NITROGEN DIOXIDE SUMMARY (Table -11) Site NO2 Avg. 1-HR Max. (PPM) Date NO2 Avg. 1-HR 2ND High (PPM) Date Number of Samples Annual Avg. (PPM) Central Phoenix .087 02/04/02 .085 01/07/02 8169 .029 Greenwood .108 01/08/02 .108 01/16/02 8470 .035 South Scottsdale .069 06/06/02 .066 04/21/02 8389 .024 Tempe # .078 01/07/02 # .075 01/15/02 3765 # .024 West Phoenix # .099 01/08/02 # .099 05/13/02 4569 #.029 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% data available The NO2 monitors at the West Phoenix and Tempe sites were shut down during the last half of the year due to a lack of calibration equipment. Both monitors were put back into service in January 2003. NO2 belongs to a family of highly reactive gases called nitrogen oxides. These gases form when fuel is burned at high temperatures, and are emitted primarily from automobile exhaust and power plants. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide can irritate the lungs and lower resistance to respiratory infections, particularly in people with existing respiratory illness such as asthma. SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2) Maricopa County is in attainment for SO2. During 2002, two SO2 monitors were operational and were reported in AIRS. Both of these monitors were designated NAMS sites (see Table -5). For Calendar Year 2002 no exceedances of the SO2 annual, 24-hour, or 3-hour standard were recorded at Maricopa County monitoring sites (see Table -12). 14 2002 SULFUR DIOXIDE SUMMARY (Table -12) Site Central Phoenix South Scottsdale 3-HR MAX (PPM) Date 3-HR 2nd High (PPM) Date 24-HR MAX (PPM) Date Annual Avg. (PPM) Number of Exceed. Number Samples .019 01/07/02 .016 01/08/02 .014 01/08/02 .003 0 8026 .018 04/10/02 .010 10/20/02 .004 01/07/02 .002 0 8053 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard SO2 is emitted largely from burning high-sulfur coal, oil, and diesel fuel. Because this gas is usually found in association with particulate pollution, as SO2 is the precursor for fine sulfate particles, separating the health effects of these two pollutants is difficult. Together SO2 and PM-10 make up a major portion of the pollutant load in many cities, acting separately and in concert to damage public health. LEAD / TSP. The monitoring of Lead/TSP. was discontinued in 1997. DATA COMPLETENESS The following is a summary of the data completeness for all of the criteria pollutants (Table –13). (Table –13) Actual amount of data collected Number of Scheduled Samples Data Completeness * (collected/schedule) Carbon Monoxide 77,891 82,104 94.9% Ozone 119,391 123,600 96.6% PM-10 949 970 97.8% PM-10 (continuous) 7,840 8,760 89.5% Nitrogen Dioxide 33,362 43,800 76.2% Sulfur Dioxide 16,254 17,520 92.8% Total 255,687 276,754 92.4% 15 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS) (Table –14) Pollutant Averaging Time Carbon Monoxide (CO) Ozone (O3) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Particulate Matter (PM-10) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Lead (Pb) Primary Standard Secondary Standard 1-hr 35 PPM 8-hr 9 PPM 1-hr 0.12 PPM 0.12 PPM 8-hr 0.08 PPM 0.08 PPM Annual 0.05 PPM 0.05 PPM 3 24-hr 150 µg/m 150 µg/m3 Annual 3-hr 50 µg/m3 --- 50 µg/m3 0.5 PPM 24-hr 0.14 PPM Annual 0.03 PPM Quarterly 1.5 µg/m3 1.5 µg/m3 NAAQS EXCEEDANCE AND VIOLATION SUMMARY 2002 (Table-15) Carbon Monoxide Ozone Nitrogen Dioxide No Exceedances of the 1-hr or 8hr NAAQS standard were logged No Exceedances of 1-hr NAAQS were logged. See Table -9 - for 8-hr summary No Exceedances of NAAQS were logged Sulfur Dioxide No Exceedances of NAAQS were logged Particulates There were two days where at least one monitor exceeded the 24 hr. Site Date Value DC 1/8/02 158 ug/m3 DC 4/26/02 232 ug/m3 SA 1/8/02 174 ug/m3 SA 4/26/02 249 ug/m3 WF 4/26/02 172 ug/m3 Eight sites exceeded the PM-10 Annual standard Site Value CH 56 ug/m3 DC 70 ug/m3 GR HI SA 55 ug/m3 62 ug/m3 80 ug/m3 SP 60 ug/m3 WF 68 ug/m3 WP 52 ug/m3 16 VIOLATIONS OF THE 24HR PARTICULATE STANDARD The 24hr NAAQS for particulates is violated when the expected occurrence of exceedances (samples greater than or equal to 150 ug/m3) is greater than one over three consecutive years (Table –16) Central Phoenix 2000 No. of Max. 24hr Exp. Exc. 135 0 2001 No. of Max. 24hr Exp. Exc. 124 0 2002 No. of Max. 24hr Exp. Exc. 81 0 Chandler 202 6.6 146 0 128 0 2 Durango Complex 300 11.8 189 6 232 12 10 Glendale 122 0 110 0 88 0 0 Greenwood 164 11.8 145 0 116 0 4 # 327 # 8.3 176 6 138 0 < 75% Maryvale 173 6.1 123 0 142 0 2 Mesa 126 0 98 0 102 0 0 North Phoenix 114 0 99 0 80 0 0 Salt River 244 42.7 281 49 249 12 35 South Phoenix 175 6.1 143 0 137 0 2 South Scottsdale 100 0 110 0 64 0 0 Surprise NA NA 107 0 81 0 < 75% West Chandler 135 0 134 0 80 0 0 West Forty Third NA NA NA NA 172 6 < 75% West Phoenix 151 0 142 0 122 0 0 Site Higley Expected Exceedance Rate 24hr Avg. 0  Indicates violation of standard # Indicates <75% data available 17 VIOLATIONS OF THE ANNUAL PARTICULATE STANDARD The Annual NAAQS for particulates is violated when the three-year average of the annual averages is more than or equal to 50 ug/m3 (Table –17) 2000 Annual Avg. ug/m3 2001 Annual Avg. ug/m3 2002 Annual 3 Avg. ug/m Three Year 3 Average ug/m Central Phoenix Chandler 46 57 38 48 43 56 42 54 Durango Complex 70 58 70 66 Glendale 41 33 40 38 Greenwood 61 49 55 55 # 72 50 62 < 75% Maryvale 48 38 45 44 Mesa 37 30 38 35 North Phoenix 37 30 37 35 Salt River 101 94 80 92 South Phoenix 61 50 60 57 South Scottsdale 40 33 37 37 Not Operating 27 32 < 75% 44 34 38 39 Not Operating Not Operating 68 < 75% 53 43 52 49 Site Higley Surprise West Chandler West Forty Third West Phoenix  Indicates violation of standard # Indicates <75% data available 18 VIOLATIONS OF THE PROPOSED 8-HR OZONE STANDARD 2002 SUMMARY The 8-hr avg. NAAQS for ozone is violated when the three-year average of the fourth high is greater than .08 ppm. Because of mathematical rounding the value is actually .085 ppm or greater. (Table –18) Site Blue Point .087 .080 .086 3 Yr. Avg. of 4th high PPM .084 Cave Creek < 75% .083 .086 NA Central Phoenix .076 .075 .076 .075 Falcon Field .075 .081 .084 .080 Fountain Hills .085 .083 .086 .084 Glendale .081 .078 .083 .080 Humboldt Mt. .082 .085 .090 .085 Maryvale .080 .074 .084 .079 Mesa .075 .074 .072 .073 North Phoenix .086 .086 .085 .085 Pinnacle Peak .086 .085 .084 .085 Rio Verde .086 .083 .085 .084 South Phoenix .083 .076 .081 .080 South Scottsdale .080 .079 .079 .079 Surprise <75% .071 .079 NA Tempe .078 .079 .080 .079 <75% .078 .083 NA .084 .080 West Chandler 2000 4th high PPM 2001 4th high PPM West Phoenix .081 .075  Indicates violation of standard # Indicates <75% data available 2002 4th high PPM 19 MONITORING SITES SUMMARY http://www.maricopa.gov/sbeap/AIR_MONI.HTM {PRIVATE}Site Abbr. BP CC CH CP DC FF FH GL GR Site Name Blue Point Cave Creek Chandler Central Phoenix Durango Complex Falcon Field Fountain Hills Glendale Greenwood Site Location Usery Pass & Bush Highway 32nd St. & Carefree Highway Pecos & McQueen 19th St & Roosevelt 27th Ave. & Durango St. McKellips & Greenfield Palisades & Fountain Hills Blvd. 59th Ave & W. Olive 27th Ave. & Interstate 10 20 HI HM MA ME NP PP RV SA SP SS SU TE WC WF WI WP Higley Site Humboldt Mountain Maryvale Mesa North Phoenix Pinnacle Peak Rio Verde Salt River Site South Phoenix South Scottsdale Surprise Tempe Site West Chandler West Forty Third W. Indian School West Phoenix Chandler Blvd. & Higley Rd. Top of Humboldt Mountain 61st Ave. & Encanto Broadway Rd. & Alma School Rd. 7th Street & Dunlap Avenue Pima Rd & Pinnacle Peak Forest Rd & Del Ray Ave. 22nd Ave. & Lower Buckeye Central Ave. & Broadway Scottsdale Rd. & Thomas Rd. Reems Rd. and Grand Ave. Apache Blvd. & College Ave. Ellis Rd. & Frye Blvd. 43rd Ave. & Broadway Rd. 33rd Ave. & W. Indian School. Rd. 39th Ave. & Earll Dr. Site Specifications Site Latitude Longitude Site Location BP CC CH CP DC FF FH GL GR HI HM MA ME NP PP RV SA SP SS SU TE WC WF WI 33: 33' 09.263" 33: 49.32' 33: 17' 09.630" 33: 27' 29.130" 33: 25' 60" 33: 27' 09.371" 33: 36' 39.545" 33: 34' 09.487" 33: 27' 38.872" 33: 18.47' 33: 58' 53.255" 33: 28' 28.611" 33: 24' 37.798" 33: 33' 37.055" 33: 42' 43.440" 33: 43' 06.418" 33: 25' 03.788" 33: 24' 12.410" 33: 28' 46.049" 33: 39.18' 33: 24.67' 33: 17.93' 33: 24.37' 33: 29' 40.950" -111: 36' 25.465" -112: 1.02' -111: 49' 03.691" -112: 02' 28.809" -112: 07' 12" -111:43' 58.462" -111: 40' 16.368" -112: 11' 26.855" -112: 07' 00.526" -111: 43.33' -111: 47' 50.478" -112: 11' 32.055" -111: 51' 51.518" -112: 03' 55.797" -111: 51' 05.644" -111: 40' 16.142" -112: 06' 12.194" -112: 04' 23.196" -111: 54' 59.250" -112: 22.65' -111:56.10' -111: 53.04' -112: 88.66' -112: 07' 48.825" Usery Pass & Bush Highway 32nd St. & Carefree Highway Pecos & McQueen 19th St & Roosevelt 27th Ave. & Durango St. McKellips & Greenfield Palisades & Fountain Hills Blvd. 59th Ave & W. Olive 27th Ave. & Interstate 10 Higley Rd. & Chandler Blvd Top of Humboldt Mountain 61st Ave. & Encanto Broadway Rd. & Alma School Rd. 7th Street & Dunlap Avenue Pima Rd & Pinnacle Peak Forest Rd & Del Ray Ave. 22nd Ave. & Lower Buckeye Central Ave. & Broadway Scottsdale Rd. & Thomas Rd. Reems Rd & Grand Ave College Ave. & Apache Blvd. Ellis St. & Frye Rd. 43rd Ave. & Broadway Rd. 33rd Ave. & Indian School Rd. AIRS ID 04-013-9702 04-013-4008 04-013-0021 04-013-3002 04-013-9812 04-013-1010 04-013-9704 04-013-2001 04-013-3010 04-013-4006 04-013-9508 04-013-3006 04-013-1003 04-013-1004 04-013-2005 04-013-9706 04-013-3007 04-013-4003 04-013-3003 04-013-4007 04-013-4005 04-013-4004 04-013-4009 04-013-0016 21 WP 33: 29' 01.280" -112: 08' 31.463" 39th Ave. & Earll Dr. 04-013-0019 22 Site Instrument Setup Sites BP CC CH CP DC FF FH GL GR HI HM MA ME NP PP RV SA SP SS SU TE WC WF WI WP Total WS/WD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s s s s s s s s s s 1 s 1 s 1 s 1 s 1 s 1 sp 1 s 1 sp 1 s 1 s 20 n = NAMS O3 CO NOX SO2 Press Del-T TEOM 1 n 1 s* 1 n 1 s* 1 n 1 s* Temp RelHum Shelter Temp. 1 1 1 1 1 1 n 1 s* 1 s 1 n 1 n 1 1 1 s 1 1 1 1 1 1 s* 1 s* 1 s* 1 s 1 n 1 sp * 1 sp * 1 s* 1 s* 1 s* 1 sp * 1 sp * 1 s* 1 s 18 1 n 1 n 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 s 1 n 1 1 sp 1 s 5 sp =SPM 2 1 9 * = seasonal monitor 1 1 sp 1 sp 1 sp 1 s 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 13 Total # of Active Sites 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 sp 1 n 1 s = SLAMS 1 1 s 1 1 s* 1 s* 1 s* 1 s 1 s 1 s* Rain 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 25 PM-10 MultiGas 2 n 1 n 2 s 1 1 n 1 s 1 sp 1 1 s 2 s 1 s 1 1 1 1 n sp n sp 1 1 1 1 s 1 sp 2 2 n 20 1 5 Total # of Active Instruments Data Logger 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 24 Total 5 6 4 12 6 4 7 7 8 5 3 5 10 9 4 2 1 7 12 5 10 8 6 4 12 162 Maricopa County Blue Point Air Monitoring Site Blue Point (BP) (04-013-9702) Location: Bush Highway and Usery Pass Road Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Down Wind Maximum Concentrations, category (a) Site Description: The Blue Point site became operational in July 1995 and is located in a Maricopa County Sheriff’s Sub-Station in Tonto National Forest. This site represents the maximum ozone concentration, and urban scale down wind transport conditions. This site is located approximately 40 miles east of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Ozone is the only criteria pollutant monitored at this NAMS station. Wind speed and direction are also monitored at the site. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High *Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 2000 0.108 0 0.090 11 * 0.088 2001 0.111 0 .0864 1 * 0.085 2002 0.110 0 0.091 5 0.084 Maricopa County Cave Creek Air Monitoring Site Cave Creek (CC) (04-013-4008) Location: 32nd St. & Carefree Highway Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: Down Wind Maximum Concentrations Site Description: The Cave Creek site became operational in August 2001 and is located in the Maricopa County Cave Creek Recreation Area (Park Office). This site was chosen through discussions on modifying the ozone network for the new 8-hr ozone standard (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). Ozone is the only criteria pollutant monitored at this SLAMS station. Wind speed and direction are also monitored at the site. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High 2000 Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating Not operating 2001 0.112 0 .100 2 NA 2002 0.102 0 0.090 4 NA 25 Maricopa County Central Phoenix Air Monitoring Site Central Phoenix (CP) (04-013-3002) Location: 1845 E. Roosevelt Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure category (b) Site Description: The Central Phoenix site has been in existence for over three decades and has provided a long-term historical database with high data recovery. The site is representative of high population exposure (greater than 5000 people per square mile) in the central Phoenix area. This site is a NAMS location for Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, PM-10, SO2 and NO2 criteria pollutants. Maricopa County also maintains a continuous (TEOM) monitor for PM10 daily forecasts during the winter season. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) Max. 24-hr SO2 Avg. (PPM) Number of Exceedances Annual SO2 Avg. (PPM) 2000 5.3 0 0.094 0 0.088 1 0.078 135 0 46 0.031 0.015 0 0.002 2001 4.8 0 0.091 0 0.079 0 0.077 124 0 38 0.028 0.009 0 .002 2002 4.4 0 0.123 0 0.088 1 0.075 81 0 43 0.029 0.014 0 0.003 26 Maricopa County Chandler Air Monitoring Site Chandler (CH) (04-013-0021) Location: 1475 E. Pecos Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure, category (b) Site Description: The Chandler site is located on the property of the City of Chandler’s Wastewater Treatment Plant (CWTP). The area immediately surrounding the CWTP was a low population density area; however, it is experiencing rapid residential growth. The site is a NAMS (category b) location for PM10 Particulates. Future air quality data from this location may be threatened since the CWTP has given notice of proposed expansion plans where the platform presently stands. Additionally, the site has become a storage location for street signs, water valves, and other municipal equipment. The site often measures a higher than expected particulate value, which has become more indicative of yard activity than reliable ambient air quality data. The present ADEQ site located at Higley is being considered as a replacement. Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2000 202 1 * 57 2001 146 0 48 2002 128 0 *56 *Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 27 Maricopa County Durango Complex Air Monitoring Site Durango Complex (DC) (04-013-9812) Location: 2702 AC Esterbrook Blvd. Spatial Scale: Middle Monitoring Objective: Maximum Concentration Site Description: This site is located one mile northwest of the existing Salt River site in the Maricopa County Flood Control District storage yard. Sampling began on January 6,1999 with the intent to replace the Salt River site. However, in 2000 the USEPA determined that the site is not equivalent to the Salt River site. Particulates (SLAMS PM-10) and wind speed and direction are monitored at the site. This site is part of the Salt River Monitoring Study (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2000 * 300 2 * 70 2001 * 189 1 * 58 2002 * 232 2 * 70 *Indicates an exceedance of the Standard 28 Maricopa County Falcon Field Mesa Airport Air Monitoring Site Falcon Field (FF) (04-013-1010) Location: 4530 E. McKellips Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Down Wind Concentrations Site Description: Ozone is the seasonal SLAMS criteria pollutant monitored at this station. Monitoring began in June of 1989. It is located near an airfield in a fire station with the area having a growing population density. Measurements are representative of ozone concentrations down wind over large portions of an urban area with dimensions of several to 50 or more kilometers. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High 2000 0.097 0 0.083 0 0.080 2001 0.111 0 0.090 2 .079 2002 .113 0 0.093 3 0.080 29 Maricopa County Fountain Hills Air Monitoring Site Fountain Hills (FH) (04-013-9704) Location: 16426 E. Palisades Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Down Wind Concentrations, category (b) Site Description: The site is located at a Fountain Hills fire station. This site became operational in April of 1996. The site monitors ozone (NAMS category b) and wind speed and direction. This site is located approximately 15 miles downwind from the Phoenix metropolitan area. This site represents the high down wind concentrations on the fringes of the central basin district along the predominant summer/fall daytime wind direction. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High * Indicates Violation of Standard 2000 0.117 0 0.089 4 * 0.085 2001 0.110 0 0.087 3 * 0.085 2002 .114 0 0.092 5 * 0.085 30 Maricopa County Glendale Air Monitoring Site Glendale (GL) (04-013-2001) Location: 6000 W. Olive Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The Glendale site was established over two decades ago and is located on the grounds of Glendale Community College in a growing residential area. Homes, various strip malls, food establishments, and parks surround the site. Seasonal Carbon Monoxide, Seasonal Ozone, (SLAMS) and PM-10 (NAMS category b) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2000 3.5 0 0.100 0 0.088 1 0.078 122 0 41 2001 3.1 0 0.116 0 0.092 2 0.080 110 0 33 2002 3.2 0 0.101 0 0.094 2 0.080 88 0 40 31 Maricopa County Greenwood Air Monitoring Site Greenwood (GR) (04-013-3010) Location: Southwest Corner of 27th Avenue and I-10 Spatial Scale: Middle Scale Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: Monitoring began at this site in December 1993. The station is bordered on the north by Interstate-10, on the west and south by neighborhood homes, and to the east by Greenwood cemetery. Interstate-17 is approximately one mile to the east of the site. Carbon Monoxide, NO2, and PM-10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS facility. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) 2000 5.6 0 * 164 2 * 61 0.036 2001 5.2 0 145 0 49 0.037 2002 5.4 0 117 0 * 55 0.035 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 32 Maricopa County Higley Air Monitoring Site Higley (HI) (04-013-4006) Location: 15400 S. Higley Rd. Gilbert AZ Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure with High Concentration Site Description: Originally, in 1994 ADEQ set up this site to monitor for background particulate concentrations near the urban limits of Maricopa County. Since then, urban expansion has enveloped the site, so it no longer serves their purpose. MCESD installed a PM-10 HI-VOL in the second quarter of 2000. The data from this site was compared to the Chandler Site and was found to be comparable. If the City of Chandler requests MCESD to remove the Chandler Site it is our intention for the Higley site to replace the Chandler site (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). The ADEQ removed its DICHOT PM10 sampler 4th quarter 2001. Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2000 * 327 1 #72 2001 * 176 1 50 2002 139 0 * 62 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% Data Recovery 33 Maricopa County Humboldt Mountain Air Monitoring Site Humboldt Mountain (HM) (04-013-9508) Location: Humboldt Mountain Summit Spatial Scale: Regional Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations Site Description: This site became operational in May 1996. The Humboldt Mountain site is located on Federal Aviation Agency property, in a National Forest Service building, in the Tonto National Forest. This site is located approximately 40 miles north- northeast from the Phoenix metropolitan area at an altitude of 5230 feet. Ozone is the only criteria pollutant that is monitored at this seasonal SLAMS site. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year avg. of 4th High * Indicates Violation of Standard 2000 0.095 0 0.086 3 * 0.087 2001 0.098 0 0.088 4 * 0.085 2002 0.124 0 0.102 8 * 0.085 34 Maricopa County Maryvale Air Monitoring Site Maryvale (MA) (04-013-3006) Location: 6180 W. Encanto Blvd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: Monitoring began at this site in November 1993. This monitoring station is located at the Maryvale Phoenix Police Station. The site is surrounded by residential neighborhoods with a City of Phoenix park to the West. Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, (seasonal) and PM-10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS station. The site was determined to be a good candidate to move into the far west valley. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) * Indicates Violation of Standard 2000 7.0 0 0.100 0 0.091 1 0.082 173* 1 48 2001 7.6 0 0.097 0 0.083 0 0.078 123 0 38 2002 5.0 0 0.119 0 0.107 3 0.079 142 0 45 35 Maricopa County Mesa Air Monitoring Site Mesa (ME) (04-013-1003) Location: 370 S. Brooks Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: This site is located at Brooks Reservoir at the western edge of the city near the Tempe border. It is centered in an area that is residential, industrial, and a small amount of agricultural. An open field borders the site on the west, commercial development to the north, light industry east and south of the site. Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, and PM-10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this SLAMS site. To help conserve personnel and equipment resources the ozone monitor was permanently shut down as of November 1, 2002 (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS) Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2000 4.3 0 0.102 0 0.089 1 0.080 126 0 37 2001 2.9 0 0.093 0 0.078 0 0.078 98 0 30 2002 3.5 0 0.097 0 .082 0 0.073 102 0 38 36 Maricopa County North Phoenix Air Monitoring Site North Phoenix (NP) (04-013-1004) Location: 601 E. Butler Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: This site is located in the Sunnyslope area of North Phoenix. Sunnyslope is an old established neighborhood, primarily residential. High-density population surrounds the site. CO, Ozone, and PM-10 (SLAMS) are monitored at this site, along with temperature inversion. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) * Indicates Violation of Standard 2000 3.1 0 0.107 0 0.092 4 * 0.086 114 0 37 2001 2.5 0 0.110 0 0.094 4 * 0.085 99 0 30 2002 3.2 0 0.111 0 0.093 5 * 0.085 80 0 37 37 Maricopa County Pinnacle Peak Air Monitoring Site Pinnacle Peak (PP) (04-013-2005) Location: 25000 Windy Walk Way Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Down Wind Concentrations Site Description: This SLAMS site for ozone is located at a golf course country club and is surrounded by residential homes. It is located in a geographic area of low-density population (less than 2500 people per square mile). In previous years, ozone exceedances have been recorded due to transport of ozone and precursors from more urbanized areas of metro-Phoenix. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High 2000 0.117 0 0.092 5 * 0.085 2001 0.107 0 0.095 4 * 0.085 2002 0.115 0 0.089 3 * 0.085 * Indicates an Violation of the Standard 38 Maricopa County Rio Verde Air Monitoring Site Rio Verde (RV) (04-013-9704) Location: 25608 N. Forest Rd. Spatial Scale: Urban Monitoring Objective: High Downwind Concentrations. Site description: This seasonal ozone site became operational in spring of 1997. The monitor is located at the fire station / County Sheriff’s office sub-station located in a residential area surrounded by the desert of Tonto National Forest. The site is eight miles north of the Fountain Hills NAMS station, on the edge of a Class I Wilderness Area. Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High 2000 0.117 0 0.089 5 NA 2001 0.102 0 0.084 0 0.084 2002 0.101 0 0.089 4 0.084 *Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 39 Maricopa County Salt River Air Monitoring Site Salt River (SA) (04-013-3007) Location: 3045 S. 22nd Avenue Spatial Scale: Middle Scale Monitoring Objectives: Maximum Concentration and the impact of significant sources or source categories on ambient conditions Site Description: Monitoring began at the Salt site on January 14, 1994. This site is located at a City of Phoenix vehicle maintenance yard in an industrial area. The site has one 6-day SS HI-VOL. particulate monitor. The main purpose of the monitor is to measure Maximum concentration and to determine the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories. The sources around the site include sand and gravel, metal recycling, pre-cast manufacturing, and paved and unpaved haul road. The entire site was shutdown as of December 31, 2002 at the conclusion of the Salt River Study (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2000 * 244 6 * 101 2001 * 281 6 * 94 2002 * 249 2 * 80 *Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 40 Maricopa County South Phoenix Air Monitoring Site South Phoenix (SP) (04-013-4003) Location: Central and Broadway Rd. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The site was reopened at its current location October 1999 The site is at the edge of a high population area, but also borders on a mixture of residential and commercial (retail stores, food establishments, and office parks) land use. The station has two high population areas (> 5000 people per mile2) north and west of the site. Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, and PM-10 (SLAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2000 5.9 0 0.102 0 0.087 3 0.078 * 175 1 * 61 2001 4.5 0 0.098 0 0.086 1 0.078 143 0 50 2002 3.8 0 0.104 0 0.090 2 .080 137 0 * 60 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 41 Maricopa County South Scottsdale Air Monitoring Site South Scottsdale (SS) (04-013-3003) Location: 2857 N. Miller Spatial Scale: Urban Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure, category (b) Site Description: The South Scottsdale site is located at the City of Scottsdale Fire Station. The area North of the site is defined as high density residential with over 5000 persons per square mile with surrounding residential density of (2500 to 5000 persons per square mile). This site is located 12 miles east of metropolitan Central Phoenix. Carbon Monoxide, (SLAMS) Ozone, NO2, SO2, and PM-10 (all NAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) Max. 24-hr SO2 Avg. (PPM) Number of Exceedances Annual SO2 Avg. (PPM) 2000 3.3 0 0.099 0 0.087 1 0.077 100 0 40 0.030 0.018 0 0.001 2001 3.2 0 0.102 0 0.089 1 0.077 110 0 33 0.021 0.006 0 0.001 2002 3.0 0 0.102 0 0.087 1 0.079 64 0 37 0.024 0.004 0 0.002 42 Maricopa County Surprise Air Monitoring Site Surprise (SU) (04-013-4007) Location: 18600 N. Reems Rd Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The site is located at the City of Surprise Fire and Police Station #2. The site is at the edge of a growing population area in the northwest valley. The land use around the site consists of high-density housing, subdivisions of single family homes and light commercial (strip malls). The site started operations November 2000. Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, and PM-10 are the criteria pollutants monitored at this station. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2000 # 1.0 0 #0.049 0 # 0.043 0 NA # NA # 2001 1.2 0 0.093 0 0.074 0 NA 107 0 27 2002 1.2 0 0.098 0 0.083 0 NA 81 0 32 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% data recovery 43 Maricopa County Tempe Air Monitoring Site Tempe (TE) (04-013-4005) Location: Apache Blvd. & College Ave. Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Scale Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: The site was established in 2000. The site was established to fill in a spatial gap between the metropolitan Phoenix area and the city of Mesa. Since the Mesa ozone monitor will be shut down, the Tempe monitor will be used as a replacement. Ozone (SPM), Carbon Monoxide (SPM), and Nitrogen Dioxide (SPM) are monitored at the site. The NO2 monitor was shutdown as of June 2002 because of the availability of calibration equipment (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) 2000 # 3.7 0 # 0.099 0 # 0.086 1 NA # 0.022 2001 3.2 0 0.099 0 0.089 1 NA .022 2002 3.4 0 0.100 0 0.086 2 0.079 # 0.024 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% data recovery 44 Maricopa County West Chandler Air Monitoring Site West Chandler (WC) (04-013-4004) Location: Frye Rd & Ellis Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Scale Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: This site was set up in January 1995. The site was reopened in its current location in May 2000. The site is located ½ mile south of the old site location. A wide range of land uses surrounds the site. They include residential, agriculture, and heavy industry (semi conductor plants and liquid air storage). Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, and PM-10 are the criteria pollutants will continue to be monitored at this SLAMS site. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2000 # 2.5 0 # 0.100 0 # 0.089 1 NA 135 0 44 2001 2.2 0 0.105 0 0.087 1 NA 134 0 34 2002 2.2 0 0.110 0 0.094 2 NA 80 0 38 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% data available 45 Maricopa County West Forty Third Air Monitoring Site West Forty Third (WF) (04-013-4009) Location: 43rd Ave. & Broadway Rd. Spatial Scale: Middle Scale Monitoring Objective: Maximum Concentration Site Description: Monitoring began at the site in the 2nd quarter of 2002. This site is located at a Maricopa County Department of Transportation storage lot. The site is surrounded by a combination of heavy industry and residential homes. The site has one 6-day SS HI-VOL. particulate monitor. The main purpose of the monitor is to measure maximum concentration and to determine the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories. The sources around the site include sand and gravel operations, auto and metal recycling, landfills, paved and unpaved haul roads, and cement casting (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS section). Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) 2000 not operating not operating not operating 2001 not operating not operating not operating 2002 # 172 1 # 68 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% data available 46 Maricopa County West Indian School Road Air Monitoring Site West Indian School Rd. (WI) (04-013-0016) Location: 3315 West Indian School Road Spatial Scale: Micro-scale Monitoring Objective: Maximum Pollutant Concentration and Impact of Significant Sources, category (a) Site Description: The site is located at the City of Phoenix, Wellness Evaluation Center. This site is used to monitor micro-scale maximum concentrations and is based on high vehicular traffic. The Average Weekday Traffic (AWT) volume past this location on Indian School Road estimates 55,000 vehicles. The site is also in close proximity to Grand Ave. and 35th Ave., which have AWT volumes of about 35,000 vehicles. Carbon Monoxide is monitored at this NAMS site. Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO 2000 6.8 2001 6.8 2002 5.5 0 0 0 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard 47 Maricopa County West Phoenix Air Monitoring Site West Phoenix (WP) (04-013-0019) Location: 3847 W. Earll Spatial Scale: Neighborhood Monitoring Objective: High Population Exposure Site Description: This site became operational in 1984. It is located about one-mile southwest of the West Indian School Road micro-scale CO monitor. The spatial scale for the West Phoenix site is neighborhood. It is located in an area of stable, high population density. Carbon Monoxide (NAMS), PM-10 (NAMS), Ozone (SLAMS), and NO2 (SLAMS) are the criteria pollutants monitored at this site. The NO2 monitor was shutdown as of July 2002 because of the lack of calibration equipment (see ADDITIONAL COMMENTS). Max. 8-hr CO Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 8-hr CO Max. 1-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number exceedances 1-hr O3 Max. 8-hr O3 Avg. (PPM) Number of Daily Exceedances >0.08 Three year Avg. of 4th High Max. 24-hr PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Number exceedances 24-hr PM-10 Annual PM-10 Avg. (ug/m3) Annual NO2 Avg. (PPM) 2000 7.4 0 0.099 0 0.088 1 * 0.086 151 0 * 53 0.029 * Indicates an Exceedance of the Standard # Indicates <75% data available 2001 7.5 0 0.099 0 0.082 0 0.082 142 0 43 0.025 2002 5.5 0 0.123 0 0.103 2 0.080 122 0 * 52 # 0.029 48 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS Dasibi In early 2002 the Dasibi Corporation went out of business. The Dasibi Corp made all of the multi-gas calibrators and more than half of the ozone monitors operated by MCESD. Since that time MCESD Air Monitoring Unit has been unable to receive any consumables or replace parts from Dasibi. This lack of replacement parts greatly affected MCESD’s ability to maintain our monitoring network. The NO2 and ozone networks were the most effected. Since every NO2 monitor has to have its own multi-gas calibrators and QA and Bench Technicians also require their own calibrators, it was decided to shutdown two NO2 monitors (04-013-0019 SLAMS, 04-013-4005 SPM) to conserve operational calibrators. They were shut down as of June 2002. MCESD did maintain a small supply of parts for the Dasibi ozone monitors and standards, however; this supply is quickly running out. MCESD has implemented a long-term equipment replacement program. The specification and bid process for the new monitors took longer than expected which caused more delays in purchasing new monitors. The sheer number of ozone monitors and transfer and primary standards that need to be replaced is considerable (over 20). In mid October, we started to receive new equipment but, training, administrative functions, and getting them ready for the field proved to be very time consuming. By January 2003, we will have all of our new multi-gas calibrators in the field along with what is left of our older calibrators. These older calibrators are operating correctly, but we have no replacement parts. EPA Ozone Mapping One of the programs MCESD continues to participate in is the EPA’s Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking (EMPACT) program. It is a presidential initiative designed to provide timerelevant environmental information in an easily understood format. One way in which the EMPACT Program provides easier access to pollution data is through the Ozone Mapping Project. This project employs the AIRNOW website http://www.epa.gov/airnow to provide real time air pollution (ozone and soon PM2.5) maps for major metropolitan areas around the United States, including the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. The goals of the EPA's AIRNOW website are as follows: 1) Provide real-time air pollution data in an understandable, visual format. 2) Provide information about the public health and environmental effects of air pollution. 3) Provide the public with information about ways in which they can protect their health, and actions they can take to reduce pollution. This website can be used as a tool for which the public can plan their daily activities and limit their exposure to air pollution. One-hour and eight-hour average peak ozone concentration maps (see Map -1) and a real-time eight-hour ozone animation map are provided. Colors on the map indicate different concentrations of ozone pollution. The one-hour average values (Map -1) 49 are given in parts per billion. The eight-hour averages are converted into Air Quality Index (AQI) numbers. The AQI is based on the NAAQS. The index was developed to convert pollution measurements into a common index that the general public can more easily understand. Different colors on the map correspond to different categories of air quality and health impacts (Table -19). Air Quality Index (Table -19) Index 0 - 50 51 - 100 Color Green Yellow Air Quality Good Moderate 101 - 150 Orange 151 - 200 201 - 300 301 - 500 Red Purple Maroon Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy Very Unhealthy Hazardous Health Impact No harmful effects expected. Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion. Active children & adults, people with respiratory disease (i.e. asthma) should limit prolonged outdoor exertion. Everyone should observe caution. Avoid prolonged outdoor exertion Avoid all outdoor exertion. Use extreme caution outdoors Everyone should avoid all outdoor exertion. The animated map is updated every hour from 8am to 8pm seven days a week. Updates to the site will be made during the ozone season (April through October). Archived maps of the 2000, 2001, and 2002 ozone seasons are available. MCESD plans to continue with the project for the 2003 Ozone Season. Maricopa County’s Interactive Pollution Map In keeping with our mission statement of “Ensuring a Safe and Healthy Environment” MCESD has brought realtime pollution data to the Internet. All of the MCESD continuous data will be available to the public through an interactive map (see Map –2). The air pollutants that are available include CO, ozone, NO2, SO2, and particulates. All of the values are currently one-hour averages. The information is updated on an hourly basis at half past the hour. Data can be accessed at this web address http://www.maricopa.gov/envsvc/air/air_map. asp One of the major problems in providing “real-time” pollution data to a public medium is providing quality data. The data available on the Internet goes through an automated quality assurance check program before it is released; (Map -2) however, some invalid data can slip through. Normal quality assurance checks take between 1-3 months. Consequently, information provided at this site should be used for informational purposes only and should not be relied on as completely accurate. In particular, data published in the Federal Register will take precedence to any data disseminated on the site. 50 Salt River Air Monitoring Study Study Area In May 1997, ADEQ submitted the Plan for Attainment of the 24-hour PM-10 Standard Maricopa County PM-10 NonDurango attainment Area, as a SIP Monitor revision. This plan, known as Salt the micro-scale plan, included 43 rd River attainment and RFP Ave. demonstrations for the 24-hour PM-10 standard at the Salt River site. The attainment demonstration for the Salt River site showed that, with additional controls adopted by MCESD and the City of Phoenix’s commitment to work cooperatively with MCESD to reduce particulate pollution, attainment at the site would (Fig. 1) occur by May 1998. EPA approved the attainment and RFP demonstrations for the Salt River site and Maricopa County’s controls on August 4, 1997 (62 FR 41856). According to the approved attainment demonstration, the Salt River site should not have violated the 24-hour PM-10 standard after May 1998. The site however continues to violate the standard. Based on data recorded in EPA’s AIRS, the Salt River monitor had 51 expected exceedances in 1999, 43 expected exceedances in 2000, and 19 expected exceedances through 3 quarters in 2001 or an average of 37 expected exceedances per year over the past three years. On July 2, 2002 (67 FR 44369), EPA found the state implementation plan (SIP) for the Metropolitan Phoenix (Maricopa County), Arizona serious PM-10 nonattainment area to be inadequate to attain the 24-hour particulate (PM-10) air quality standard at the Salt River monitoring site. Under authority from the Clean Air Act, EPA has required a SIP revision to be submitted by the State of Arizona to correct the inadequacy. The Salt River Monitoring Study was conceived to provide sufficient data to correct the inadequacy of the SIP. N The Salt River monitor is located at the City of Phoenix Service Center near 22nd Ave. and Lower Buckeye. In addition to the SIP revision, the City has requested that the site be removed by Jan 2003. The city is planning a large construction project on the existing site. MCESD and ADEQ have made considerable effort to find a suitable replacement site with comparably high PM-10 concentrations and a similar mix of industrial emissions. Two candidate sites (Durango and 43rd Ave) have been identified. They are both within two miles of the Salt River site (see Fig. 1). As part of the SIP revision, the ADEQ will conduct an analysis of the PM-10 concentrations and source attributions for the two alternative sites and compare them to the Salt River site. All additional monitoring for the study was stopped as scheduled on December 31, 2002. Evaluation of Ozone Network for the New Eight-Hour Standard Since the EPA will soon be implementing the new eight-hour ozone standard, environmental agencies around the Phoenix Metro Area held a workshop on modifying the existing ozone network. ADEQ provided several suggestions on modifying the network to maximize coverage and better utilize resources. Some of the major ideas for the MCESD ozone network are as follows: 51 1. The Lake Pleasant site should be moved to the Cave Creek area to better monitor ozone formation. 2. The Emergency Management site should be shutdown because it was determined to be redundant. 3. The Mesa ozone monitor should be shutdown because it was determined to be redundant. 4. An ozone monitor should be established in the area around the old Perryville site (west valley). 5. The Roosevelt Lake ozone monitor should be reestablished. 6. An ozone monitor should be established in the Gila Bend area southwest of the Phoenix Metro Area. MCESD has moved the Lake Pleasant site to The Cave Creek Recreational Area. The Emergency Management site was shutdown in 2001. The Mesa ozone monitor was shut down as of November 1, 2002 to help conserve our resources. There is another ozone monitor three miles to the east at the Tempe site. MCESD will establish a new site in the town of Buckeye (Far West Valley). To help conserve resources the Maryvale site (04-013-3006) will be shut down and moved to the Buckeye area. A NO2 monitor will also be installed to monitor the impacts of the new power plants. Scarce equipment and personnel resources have caused this move to be put off until such resources can be found. Chandler and Higley Sites The City of Chandler informed MCESD of remodeling in the Wastewater Treatment yard around the Chandler air-monitoring site (04013-0021). The remolding is scheduled in two to three years. MCESD looked for a new site comparable to and in the same general area as the existing site. The Higley ADEQ site was found to have similar land use patterns as Chandler. A particulate monitor was established in May 2000 with the purpose of comparing both sets of data. Since the Chandler Site has a particulate monitor that is designated as NAMS, sufficient data must be collected to make a comprehensive comparison between the two sites. Analysis of the data has shown that the Higley Site is equivalent to the Chandler Site. Fig. 2 In addition, MCESD has learned that the Chandler site will be less than a half of a mile (north) of the construction of the Santan Loop 202 (Fig.2). That part of the freeway is scheduled for construction in 2005-2007. With such a large construction project, MCESD believes that the monitor should remain at its current location as long as possible to monitor before, during, and after freeway construction. However if the City of Chandler still needs us to remove the monitor the Higley Site will be used has a replacement site. 52 POLLUTION TRENDS The following charts are three-year trends for the criteria pollutants: Carbon Monoxide Maricopa County 2000-2002 Carbon Monoxide Max 8-hr Avg. (Chart –1) 10 8 2000 6 PPM 2001 2002 4 Standard 9.0 2 0 CP GL GR MA ME NP SP SS SU TE WC WI WP (Chart -1) Ozone Maricopa County 2000-2002 Ozone Max 1-hr Avg. (Chart –2) 0.140 0.120 PPM 0.100 2000 0.080 2001 2002 0.060 Standard 0.125 0.040 0.020 0.000 BP CC CP FF FH GL HM MA ME NP PP RV SP SS SU TE WC WP (Chart –2) 53 Maricopa County 2000-2002 Ozone 4th high 8-hr Avg. (Chart –3) 0.100 0.090 0.080 PPM 0.070 2000 0.060 2001 0.050 2002 0.040 Standard <0.085 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.000 BP CC CP FF FH GL HM MA ME NP PP RV SP SS SU TE WC WP (Chart –3) Particulates 2000 - 2002 PM-10 24-hr Max. 350 300 ug/m3 250 2000 200 2001 2002 150 Standard <150 100 50 0 CP CH DC GL GR HI MA ME NP SA SP SS SU WC WF WP (Chart –4) 54 Maricopa County 2000-2002 PM-10 Annual Avg. (Chart –5) 120 ug/m3 100 2000 80 2001 60 2002 40 Standard 50 20 0 CP CH DC GL GR HI MA ME NP SA SP SS SU WC WF WP (Chart –5) 55 Sulfur Dioxide Maricopa County 2000 - 2002 Sulfur Dioxide Annual Avg. (Chart-6) 0.035 0.03 PPM 0.025 2000 0.02 2001 2002 0.015 Standard 0.03 0.01 0.005 0 CP SS [M1]SuSSSS (Chart –6) Nitrogen Dioxide Maricopa County 2000-2002 Nitrogen Dioxide Annual Average Readings (Chart –7) 0.06 PPM 0.05 2000 0.04 2001 0.03 2002 0.02 Standard 0.053 0.01 0 CP GR SS TE WP (Chart –7) 56 57 Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym or Abbreviation ADEQ Definition Arizona Department of Environmental Quality ADOT CFR Class I CO Delta T EPA HAPs km m MCESD µg/m3 NAAQS NAMS NO2 NOX O3 Pb PM PM-2.5 PM-10 PPB PPM SIP SLAMS SO2 SPM TEOM TSP USFS VOC Arizona Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations Federally designated park or wilderness area with mandated visibility protection Carbon monoxide Difference between two levels of temperature measurements U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Hazardous air pollutants Kilometers Meters Maricopa County Environmental Services Department Microgram per cubic meter National Ambient Air Quality Standards National Air Monitoring Station Nitrogen dioxide Sum of NO and NO2 Ozone Lead Particulate matter Particulate matter < 2.5 microns Particulate matter < 10 microns Parts per billion Parts per million State implementation plan State and local air monitoring station Sulfur dioxide Special purpose monitor Tapered element oscillating Microbalance Total suspended particulate U.S. Forest Service Volatile organic compounds 58 REFERENCES 1. Phase 1 Recommendations for Maricopa County Air Quality Monitoring Network, Final Report, AV-R93/6008, Aero-Vironment, Inc., Monrovia, CA, March 1993 2. Phase II Recommendations for Maricopa County Air Quality Monitoring Network, AV-R-93/6025, AeroVironment, Inc., Monrovia, CA, March 1993 3. Air Quality Modeling of Carbon Monoxide Concentrations in Support of the Federal Implementation Plan for Phoenix, AZ, SYSAPP-93/039, Systems Application International, San Rafael, CA, April 30, 1993. 4. Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 40, Part 58, Appendix D, 1997. 5. Maricopa Association of Governments, Transportation Planning Office, Average Weekday Traffic Analysis for 1998 (Map dated August 1999). 6. Maricopa Association of Governments, Total Resident Population Density, 1994, by Traffic Analysis Zone (Map dated 1998). 7. http://www.epa.gov/rgytgrnj/programs/artd/air/quality/quality.htm 8. http://www.maricopa.gov/sbeap/airday.htm 9. http://www.maricopa.gov/sbeap/AIR_MONI.HTM 10. http://www.epa.gov/empact 11. http://www.epa.gov/oar/aqtrnd00/sixpoll.html 12. MCESD 2001 Network Review (http://www.maricopa.gov/envsvc/AIR/AIRDAY/review1a.pdf) 13. SLAMS / NAMS / PAMS Network Review Guidance--EPA-454/R-98-003 14. Guideline on data handling conventions of the PM NAAQS 59 Appendix Preliminary ADEQ Air Monitoring Data Y2002 data for Maricopa County Ozone 1 - Hour Average Supersite Site .117 Date 2nd 3rd 4th Max (PPM) Date 7/11 Palo Verde Site .092 .110 .094 7/09 7/12 .090 .085 7/09 5/13 .088 7/17 .085 6/18 # of Exceedances 0 0 # of Sample Hours 6486 4445 7/10 Ozone 8 - Hour Average Supersite Site .093 Date Date 7/09 Palo Verde Site .085 2nd .089 7/11 .080 5/13 3rd 4th .083 .076 7/12 7/10 .080 .078 7/09 6/05 # of Exceedances # of Sample Days 2 6452 Max (PPM) 7/10 1 4415 60 Page: 56 [M1]