1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

for the
Maricopa County, Arizona, Nonattainment Area

November 2001
Revised August 2002

Prepared and Submitted by:
Maricopa County
Environmental Services Department
Air Quality Division
1001 North Central Avenue, Suite 201
Phoenix, Arizona 85004–1942

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory
for Maricopa County, Arizona

Errata
Nonroad Equipment Emissions (Chapter 4)
A recent review of the calculations used to develop 1999 emissions estimates for nonroad mobile
sources indicated that a number of correction factors were inadvertently applied when "growing"
the emissions estimates based on earlier 1996 calculations. In addition, a few minor errors were
found in the underlying 1996 data, which when corrected, also affected the 1999 emissions
values for 2- and 4-stroke gasoline equipment and diesel equipment. Corrections made to the
1999 calculations are described below. Revisions made to the 1996 data are more fully
described in the errata for the 1996 emissions inventory.
•

•

•

Two correction factors used to develop the 1996 nonroad emission inventory was incorrectly
re-applied when developing the 1999 emission inventory. This "NEVES A/B inventory
ratio" and a 50% increase in VOC emissions to account for running and resting losses from
lawn and garden equipment were removed from the revised 1999 calculations.
The "Reanalysis of the Metropolitan Phoenix Voluntary Early Ozone Plan"1 (REOP), used to
develop the 1996 emissions inventory, recommended that earlier emissions calculations
greatly overestimated NOx emissions from construction equipment. 1996 values were thus
reduced 52% from earlier estimates. This correction factor was also applied to the original
1999 calculations, and have been removed.
A 2.4% reduction in the projected growth rate of lawn and garden equipment had been
applied in 1996 to account for the Phoenix municipal xeriscape ordinance. Since no further
reductions are expected, this correction factor was removed from the 1999 calculations.

Taking the above changes into account, the following tables summarize the differences in 1999
annual and daily nonroad engine emissions respectively.
Annual Emissions (tons)
Original Calculations
Revised Calculations
Difference
Daily Emissions (tons)
Original Calculations
Revised Calculations
Difference

VOC
20,199.38
26,174.30
+5,974.92

NOx
16,428.12
15,133.27
-1,294.85

CO
148,013.51
175,893.84
+27,880.33

VOC
60.93
78.76
+17.83

NOx
44.31
40.84
-3.47

CO
436.91
520.07
+83.16

To ensure consistency among chapters, the above corrections have already been incorporated
into the August 2002 version of the inventory, and are reflected in the tables and graphics in the
Executive Summary and Chapters 1 and 4.
1 "Reanalysis of the Metropolitan Phoenix Voluntary Early Ozone Plan". Document prepared by ENSR
for the Arizona Dept. of Environmental Quality. ENSR Document 0493-014-710, October 1997.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................................................v
LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................................................................vi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................................1
SECTION 1. BACKGROUND AND EMISSIONS SUMMARY ...........................................................................5
1.1 Background .....................................................................................................................................................5
1.1.1 Type of Inventory, Pollutants, and Source Categories...........................................................................5
1.1.2 Geographic Area....................................................................................................................................6
1.1.3 Demographic Profile..............................................................................................................................6
1.1.4 Agencies/Groups Responsible for the Emissions Inventory..................................................................7
1.2 Emissions Summary ........................................................................................................................................9
1.2.1 Stationary Point Sources........................................................................................................................9
1.2.2 Area Sources........................................................................................................................................11
1.2.3 Nonroad Mobile Sources .....................................................................................................................11
1.2.4 Onroad Mobile Sources .......................................................................................................................12
1.2.5 Biogenic Sources .................................................................................................................................13
1.2.6 Summary of All Emission Source Types.............................................................................................13
1.3 References for Section 1................................................................................................................................15
SECTION 2. STATIONARY POINT SOURCES .................................................................................................16
2.1 Introduction and Scope..................................................................................................................................16
2.2 Compiling the Point Source List ...................................................................................................................19
2.3 Procedures for Estimating Emissions from Point Sources ............................................................................24
2.3.1 Example 1: SRP Agua Fria (power plant) ...........................................................................................25
2.3.2 Example 2: Quebecor World – Phoenix Division (printing facility) ...................................................26
2.3.3 Example 3: Chris Fischer Productions Inc. (painting operations) .......................................................27
2.4 Emission Reduction Credits ..........................................................................................................................27
2.5 Summary of All Point Source Emissions ......................................................................................................27
2.6 References for Section 2................................................................................................................................48
SECTION 3. AREA SOURCES .............................................................................................................................49
3.1 Introduction and Scope..................................................................................................................................49
3.2 Methodology and Approach..........................................................................................................................51
3.3 Fuel Combustion ...........................................................................................................................................52
3.3.1 Industrial Fuel Combustion .................................................................................................................52
3.3.1.1 Industrial Area Source Fuel Oil Combustion .........................................................................53
3.3.1.2 Industrial Area Source Natural Gas Combustion ...................................................................53
3.3.1.3 Summary of Area Source Industrial Fuel Combustion ..........................................................55
3.3.2 Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion.........................................................................................55
3.3.2.1 Stationary Area Source External Combustion Commercial/Institutional (Heating) ..............56
3.3.2.2 Commercial/Institutional Stationary Internal Combustion ....................................................57
3.3.2.3 Summary of Commercial/ Institutional Area Source Combustion Emissions .......................58
3.3.3 Residential Fuel Combustion...............................................................................................................58
3.3.3.1 Emissions from Fireplaces and Wood Stoves .......................................................................58
3.3.3.2 Residential Combustion Other ...............................................................................................62
3.3.3.3 Summary of All Residential Combustion ..............................................................................63
3.3.4 Summary of Stationary Area Source Fuel Combustion.......................................................................63
3.4 Industrial Processes .......................................................................................................................................63
3.4.1 Plastic Product and Rubber Manufacturing .........................................................................................64
3.4.2 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing............................................................................................................65
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3.4.3 Agricultural, Food & Kindred Products ..............................................................................................65
3.4.3.1 Bakeries..................................................................................................................................65
3.4.3.2 Summary of Agricultural, Food & Kindred Products ............................................................66
3.4.4 Wood, Pulp & Paper, & Publishing Products ......................................................................................66
3.4.5 Mineral Products .................................................................................................................................66
3.4.6 Electronic Equipment ..........................................................................................................................66
3.4.7 Miscellaneous Industrial Processes .....................................................................................................66
3.4.8 Summary of Emissions from Industrial Processes...............................................................................67
3.5 Solvent Utilization.........................................................................................................................................67
3.5.1 Degreasing...........................................................................................................................................67
3.5.1.1 Degreasing Cold Cleaning–Automotive Repair.....................................................................67
3.5.1.2 Other Degreasing –Manufacturing.........................................................................................67
3.5.1.3 Summary of Degreasing.........................................................................................................68
3.5.2 Graphic Arts ........................................................................................................................................68
3.5.3 Dry Cleaning .......................................................................................................................................68
3.5.4 Surface Coating ...................................................................................................................................69
3.5.4.1 Large Appliances and Other Appliances................................................................................69
3.5.4.2 Metal Coils, Sheets, and Strips ..............................................................................................69
3.5.4.3 Paper/Fabric ...........................................................................................................................70
3.5.4.4 Wood Furniture ......................................................................................................................70
3.5.4.5 Factory Finished Wood ..........................................................................................................70
3.5.4.6 Miscellaneous Finished Metals ..............................................................................................70
3.5.4.7 Plastic Products ......................................................................................................................70
3.5.4.8 Marine ....................................................................................................................................70
3.5.4.9 Railroad Coatings...................................................................................................................71
3.5.4.10 Machinery and Equipment .....................................................................................................71
3.5.4.11 High-Performance Maintenance Coatings .............................................................................71
3.5.4.12 Other Special Purpose Coatings.............................................................................................71
3.5.4.13 Metal Furniture ......................................................................................................................71
3.5.4.14 Other Surface Coating............................................................................................................72
3.5.4.15 Summary of Industrial Surface Coating.................................................................................72
3.5.5 Non-industrial Surface Coating ...........................................................................................................72
3.5.5.1 Architectural Coatings ...........................................................................................................72
3.5.5.2 Automobile Refinishing .........................................................................................................73
3.5.5.3 Traffic Markings ....................................................................................................................73
3.5.5.4 Summary of Non-industrial Solvent Utilization ....................................................................73
3.5.6 Other Solvent Utilization.....................................................................................................................74
3.5.6.1 Asphalt Paving .......................................................................................................................74
3.5.6.2 Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use ......................................................................................76
3.5.6.3 Pesticide Application .............................................................................................................77
3.5.6.4 Other ......................................................................................................................................78
3.5.6.5 Summary of Other Solvent Use .............................................................................................78
3.5.7 Summary of Solvent Utilization ..........................................................................................................79
3.6 Storage and Transport ...................................................................................................................................79
3.6.1 Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport .........................................................................................79
3.6.1.1 Tank Truck Cleaning .............................................................................................................79
3.6.1.2 Tank Truck Unloading ...........................................................................................................80
3.6.1.3 Tank Trucks in Transit ...........................................................................................................83
3.6.1.4 Summary of Petroleum Product Transport.............................................................................84
3.6.2 Vehicle Refueling ................................................................................................................................84
3.6.3 Service Stations: Breathing & Emptying.............................................................................................85
3.6.4 Volatile Organic Liquid (VOL) Storage and Transfer.........................................................................85
3.6.5 Aircraft Refueling................................................................................................................................86
3.6.6 Local Storage (Airports) ......................................................................................................................86
3.6.7 Bulk Plants Storage and Transfer ........................................................................................................87
3.6.8 Summary of Storage and Transport .....................................................................................................88
3.7 Waste Disposal..............................................................................................................................................88
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3.7.1 On-Site Incineration ............................................................................................................................88
3.7.2 Industrial, Commercial/Institutional, and Residential Open Burning..................................................89
3.7.2.1 Burning of Agricultural Ditch Banks and Fence Rows..........................................................90
3.7.2.2 Burning of Tumbleweeds.......................................................................................................91
3.7.2.3 Burning of Trees ....................................................................................................................91
3.7.2.4 Burning for Land Clearance...................................................................................................92
3.7.2.5 Pest Prevention Burning.........................................................................................................93
3.7.2.6 Summary for Open Burning...................................................................................................93
3.7.3 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (Wastewater Treatment Plants) ....................................................94
3.7.4 Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities .........................................................................................94
3.7.5 Municipal Landfills .............................................................................................................................94
3.7.6 Summary of Waste Disposal ...............................................................................................................95
3.8 Miscellaneous................................................................................................................................................95
3.8.1 Leaking Underground Storage Tanks ..................................................................................................95
3.8.2 Catastrophic/Accidental Release .........................................................................................................95
3.8.2.1 Emissions from Forest Fires...................................................................................................95
3.8.2.2 Structure, Motor Vehicle, and Brush Fires.............................................................................96
3.8.2.3 Fire Fighting Training ............................................................................................................97
3.8.3 Repair Shops........................................................................................................................................97
3.8.4 Health Services ....................................................................................................................................97
3.8.5 Summary of Miscellaneous Area Sources ...........................................................................................97
3.9 Summary of All Area Source Emissions.......................................................................................................98
3.10References for Section 3..............................................................................................................................100
SECTION 4. NONROAD MOBILE SOURCES..................................................................................................103
4.1 Introduction and Scope................................................................................................................................103
4.2 Procedures for Estimating Emissions from Aircraft....................................................................................103
4.2.1 Emission Factors ...............................................................................................................................104
4.2.2 Summary of Aircraft Emissions ........................................................................................................105
4.2.3 Examples ...........................................................................................................................................105
4.2.3.1 Phoenix Sky Harbor Air Carrier...........................................................................................106
4.2.3.2 Phoenix Sky Harbor Air Taxi ..............................................................................................107
4.3 Procedure for Estimating Emissions from Locomotives .............................................................................107
4.3.1 Line Haul Locomotives .....................................................................................................................108
4.3.2 Yard Locomotives .............................................................................................................................109
4.3.3 Summary of Locomotive Emissions..................................................................................................109
4.4 Gasoline and Diesel Nonroad Equipment ...................................................................................................110
4.5 Summary of All Nonroad Mobile Source Emissions ..................................................................................111
4.6 References for Section 4..............................................................................................................................111
SECTION 5. ONROAD MOBILE SOURCES ....................................................................................................113
5.1 Introduction and Scope................................................................................................................................113
5.2 VMT Estimation Procedure.........................................................................................................................113
5.3 Speed Estimation Procedure........................................................................................................................115
5.4 Ozone Season VMT Factor .........................................................................................................................116
5.5 Emission Factor Estimation Procedure .......................................................................................................117
5.5.1 Emission Factor Model......................................................................................................................117
5.5.2 Development of Model Inputs ...........................................................................................................118
5.5.2.1 Control Section ....................................................................................................................118
5.5.2.2 I/M Descriptive Input Record ..............................................................................................119
5.5.2.3 Alternative I/M Credit Files .................................................................................................120
5.5.2.4 ATP Descriptive Input Record.............................................................................................120
5.5.2.5 Pressure Test Descriptive Input Record ...............................................................................121
5.5.2.6 Scenario Records..................................................................................................................121
5.5.2.7 Local Area Parameter Record ..............................................................................................121
5.5.2.8 Oxygenated Fuels Descriptive Record .................................................................................122
5.5.3 Model Outputs ...................................................................................................................................122
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5.5.4 Summary of Emission Factors...........................................................................................................122
5.5.5 Emission Estimates............................................................................................................................122
5.6 Summary of Ozone Season Day Emissions from Onroad Mobile Sources.................................................123
5.7 Quality Assurance Process ..........................................................................................................................123
5.7.1 VMT Estimates..................................................................................................................................123
5.7.2 Emission Factor Estimates.................................................................................................................123
5.8 References ...................................................................................................................................................125
SECTION 6. BIOGENIC SOURCES ...................................................................................................................127
6.1 Introduction and Scope................................................................................................................................127
6.2 Modeling Domain Adjustments ..................................................................................................................127
6.3 Land Use Categories ...................................................................................................................................127
6.4 Derivation of Emission Factors ...................................................................................................................129
6.5 Meteorological Inputs .................................................................................................................................131
6.6 Summary of Emissions from Biogenic Sources ..........................................................................................132
6.7 References ...................................................................................................................................................132
SECTION 7. QUALITY ASSURANCE ...............................................................................................................133
7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................133
7.2 Purpose of an Emissions Inventory .............................................................................................................133
7.3 Quality Assurance Staff...............................................................................................................................134
7.4 Implementation............................................................................................................................................134
7.5 Review and Evaluation of Inventory Elements ...........................................................................................134
7.5.1 General Statement..............................................................................................................................134
7.5.2 Point Sources .....................................................................................................................................135
7.5.3 Area Sources......................................................................................................................................135
7.5.3.1 Stationary Area Sources: Fuel Combustion .........................................................................136
7.5.3.2 Stationary Area Sources: Other Combustion .......................................................................136
7.5.4 Nonroad Mobile Sources ...................................................................................................................136
7.5.5 Onroad Mobile Sources .....................................................................................................................136
7.5.6 Biogenic Sources ...............................................................................................................................137
7.6 Summary Statement ....................................................................................................................................137
7.7 References for Section 7..............................................................................................................................137

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1. Ozone Exceedances for the Maricopa County Nonattainment Area, by Month (1981–1991) ...................5
Table 1-2. Major Emission Source Categories.............................................................................................................6
Table 1-3. 1999 Demographic Profile of the Ozone Nonattainment Area...................................................................6
Table 1-4. Maricopa County 1999 Periodic Year Ozone Emissions Inventory Contacts ............................................7
Table 1-5. Ozone Precursors Emitted from Point Source Categories Included in the 1999 Ozone Inventory.............9
Table 1-6. Point Source VOC Annual and Ozone Season Day Totals.......................................................................11
Table 1-7. Summary of All Area Source 1999 Emissions by Category.....................................................................11
Table 1-8. Summary of All Nonroad Mobile Source Emissions in 1999...................................................................12
Table 1-9. Daily Ozone Season Onroad Mobile Source VOC Emissions by Vehicle Class (tons/day).....................12
Table 1-10. Daily Ozone Season Onroad Mobile Source NOx Emissions by Vehicle Class (tons/day) ....................13
Table 1-11. Daily Ozone Season Onroad Mobile Source CO Emissions by Vehicle Class (tons/day) .....................13
Table 1-12. 1999 Average Daily Ozone Season Emissions (tons/day)......................................................................14
Table 1-13. 1999 Annual Ozone Precursor Emissions (tons/yr)...............................................................................14
Table 1-14. Comparison of Annual Emissions Reported in Periodic Inventories from 1990 to Present ...................14
Table 1-15. Comparison of Ozone Season Day Emissions Reported in Periodic Inventories from 1990 to Present.15
Table 2-1. Point Source Categories............................................................................................................................16
Table 2-2. Location of Point Sources Included in this Inventory...............................................................................20
Table 2-3. Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources (Alphabetical List) ..........................28
Table 2-4. Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category....................................32
Table 2-5. Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Tier Code Category..........46
Table 2-6. Summary of Annual and Season Day Point Source VOC Emissions by Category and Location.............47
Table 3-1. Area Source Categories ............................................................................................................................49
Table 3-2. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Fuel Oil External Combustion.................................................53
Table 3-3. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Natural Gas External Combustion...........................................54
Table 3-4. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Natural Gas Internal Combustion ............................................55
Table 3-5. Summary of Industrial Area Source Combustion Emissions....................................................................55
Table 3-6. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Natural Gas External Combustion:..........................................56
Table 3-7. Suppliers and Distribution of Natural Gas to Commercial/Institutional Area Sources.............................56
Table 3-8. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Natural Gas Reciprocating Engines.........................................57
Table 3-9. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Natural Gas Turbine Engines ..................................................58
Table 3-10. Summary of Commercial/ Institutional Area Source Combustion Emissions ........................................58
Table 3-11. Density of Wood Types Used in Wood-burning Devices in Maricopa County......................................60
Table 3-12. Wood Mix and Composite Wood Density (CWD).................................................................................60
Table 3-13. Emission Factors for Fireplaces, Woodstoves and Firepits ....................................................................61
Table 3-14. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Fireplaces, Woodstoves and Firepits .....................................62
Table 3-15. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Residential Natural Gas External Combustion ......................62
Table 3-16. Annual and Season Day Emissions from All Residential Combustion Sources.....................................63
Table 3-17. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Stationary Area Combustion Sources....................................63
Table 3-18. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Agricultural, Food and Kindred Products ....................66
Table 3-19. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Industrial Processes......................................................67
Table 3-20. Degreasing Processes and Annual VOC Emissions ...............................................................................67
Table 3-21. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Degreasing ...................................................................68
Table 3-22. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Industrial Surface Coating ...........................................72
Table 3-23. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Non-industrial Solvent Utilization.........................................73
Table 3-24. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Asphalt Use..................................................................75
Table 3-25. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Other Solvent Use ........................................................78
Table 3-26. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Solvent Utilization .......................................................79
Table 3-27. Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions from Petroleum Product Transport ............................84
Table 3-28. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Volatile Organic Liquid Storage and Transfer .............86
Table 3-29. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Bulk Plants Storage and Transfer.................................88
Table 3-30. Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions from Storage and Transport.......................................88
Table 3-31. Annual and Season Day Emissions from On-site Incineration...............................................................89
Table 3-32. Emission Factors and Fuel Loading Factors for Open Burning of Agricultural Materials .....................89
Table 3-33. County Burn Permit Data Used to Estimate Material Quantities Burned...............................................89
Table 3-34. Annual and Season Day Emissions for Ditch Bank and Fence Row Burning ........................................91
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Table 3-35. Annual and Season Day Emissions for Tumbleweed Burning ...............................................................91
Table 3-36. Annual and Season Day Emissions for Tree Burning.............................................................................92
Table 3-37. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Land Clearance Burning........................................................93
Table 3-38. Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions From Open Burning...................................................94
Table 3-39. Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants ...........................94
Table 3-40. Summary of Emissions from Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities..............................................94
Table 3-41. Summary of Emissions from Landfills ...................................................................................................94
Table 3-42. Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions from Waste Disposal .................................................95
Table 3-43. Emission Factors for Brush Fires............................................................................................................96
Table 3-44. Emission Factors for Structure, Motor Vehicle, and Brush Fires ...........................................................96
Table 3-45. Annual and Average Daily Ozone Season Emissions from Structure, Motor Vehicle, and Brush Fires 97
Table 3-46. Annual and Average Daily Ozone Season Emissions from Other Area Sources ...................................97
Table 3-47. Summary of All Area Source Annual and Season Day Emissions by Category ....................................98
Table 4-1. Airports and Operation Data...................................................................................................................104
Table 4-2. Aircraft Emission Factors .......................................................................................................................104
Table 4-3. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Aviation.................................................................................105
Table 4-4. Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport: 1999 Operations ......................................................................................106
Table 4-5. Phoenix Sky Harbor Air Carrier Emissions from FAEED .....................................................................106
Table 4-6. Phoenix Sky Harbor Air Taxi Emissions from FAEED .........................................................................107
Table 4-7. Summary of Annual 1999 Emissions from Class 1 Line Haul Locomotives .........................................109
Table 4-8. Summary of 1999 Average Daily Ozone Season Emissions from Locomotives....................................110
Table 4-9. Summary of All Nonroad Equipment Emissions....................................................................................111
Table 4-10. Summary of All Nonroad Mobile Source Emissions............................................................................111
Table 5-1. 1999 HPMS VMT by Area and Facility Type for the CO/Ozone Nonattainment Area .........................115
Table 5-2. Average Daily Speeds for the 1999 Periodic Emissions Inventory ........................................................116
Table 5-3. Average Daily VMT During 1999 Ozone Season (July-September)......................................................117
Table 5-4. VOC Onroad Mobile Emissions Comparison from 1990 to 1999..........................................................124
Table 5-5. NOx Onroad Mobile Emissions Comparison from 1990 to 1999 ...........................................................124
Table 5-6. CO Onroad Mobile Emissions Comparison from 1990 to 1999.............................................................124
Table 6-1. MAG Land Use Categories Using 1995 Information .............................................................................128
Table 6-2. Formulas to Consolidate the 24 Land Use Assignments (1995) into 8 Categories.................................129
Table 6-3. Landscaped Fraction (flscp) VOC and NOx Standardized Emission Factors, by Land Use Category ...130
Table 6-4. Maricopa County Crop Statistics for 1999 a ...........................................................................................130
Table 6-5. Land Distribution of Citrus, Other Crops, and Stockyards.....................................................................130
Table 6-6. Information for Surface Temperature Monitoring Sites .........................................................................131
Table 6-7. Summary of Biogenic Source Ozone Season Day Emissions ................................................................132

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure ES-1. 1999 Ozone Season: Daily VOC Emissions by Category (tons/day)....................................................2
Figure ES-2. 1999 Ozone Season: Daily NOx Emissions by Category (tons/day) .....................................................3
Figure ES-3. 1999 Ozone Season: Daily CO Emissions by Category (tons/day)........................................................3
Figure 1-1. Arizona Air Quality Attainment Designations for Ozone .........................................................................8
Figure 6-1. Ozone and CO Nonattainment Area and Biogenic Modeling Domain .................................................128

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This inventory was constructed based on federal requirements stated in the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990 (CAAA). Title I of the CAAA contains provisions on the required development of ozone and carbon monoxide emission inventories for designated areas that failed to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) for ozone and carbon monoxide. Maricopa County is an ozone nonattainment area classified as serious in
1997. It formerly was a moderate area with a design value of 0.141 ppm.
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD) prepared this 1999 ozone periodic inventory for three ozone precursors: volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen
(NOx). The daily ozone season emissions cover the period from July through September 1999. The sources of
emissions are categorized in five areas of emphasis: 1) Point Sources; 2) Area Sources; 3) Nonroad Mobile Sources;
4) Onroad Mobile Sources; and 5) Biogenic Sources. Figures ES-1, ES-2, and ES-3 present the data in three pie
charts, one for each pollutant. Table 1-13 in Chapter 1 provides an overview of annual ozone precursor emissions
by source type.
Stationary point sources (addressed in Section 2) include those sources that emit ten tons or more per year
of VOC, as well as those that emit 100 tons or more per year of VOC, CO, or NOx and are located within 25 miles
of the nonattainment area. Those facilities that emitted greater than 5 tons in 1999, and were in past periodic
emission inventories, were also included. A total of 188 point sources were identified in the ozone inventory: 183
point sources are within the nonattainment area and 5 point sources are within 25 miles of the nonattainment area.
Individual stationary point sources account for 6.52 percent of the VOC, 7.20 percent of the NOx, and 0.52 percent
of the total CO emissions for ozone season day. These percentages equate to 21.96 tons of VOC, 21.06 tons of NOx
and 6.55 tons of CO per ozone season day.
Area sources (Section 3) are those stationary sources in the nonattainment area that are too small to be
considered point sources but are too many to be discounted. They included petroleum storage and transport,
combustion sources, industrial processes, solvent utilization and waste disposal sources. Area sources account for
27.01 percent of the VOC, 7.73 percent of the NOx, and 3.70 percent of the total CO emissions for ozone season
day. This equates to 91.01 tons of VOC, 22.63 tons of NOx and 46.42 tons of CO per ozone season day.
Nonroad mobile sources (Section 4) include aircraft, locomotives, diesel equipment, 4-stroke gasoline
equipment, and 2-stroke gasoline equipment in the nonattainment area. Nonroad mobile sources account for 25.19
percent of the VOC emissions, 31.38 percent of the NOx emissions, and 45.25 percent of the CO emissions out of
the total ozone season day emissions. This is an estimated 75.35 tons of VOC, 91.85 tons of NOx and 567.76 tons of
CO per ozone season day.
Onroad mobile sources (Section 5) were calculated by the Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG).
Emission factors for seven vehicle type categories are calculated using MOBILE 5a, the latest in a series of models
developed by the EPA for the purposes of estimating motor vehicle emission factors. Onroad mobile sources
account for 26.84 percent of the VOC emissions, 50.27 percent of the NOx emissions, and 50.53 percent of the CO
emissions of the total ozone season day emissions. This is an estimated 90.44 tons of VOC, 147.14 tons of NOx and
634.11 tons of CO per ozone season day.

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Biogenic source emissions (emissions from living vegetation; Section 6) are calculated using the computer
model MAG-BEIS2. Biogenic sources account for 14.44 percent of the VOC emissions and 3.42 percent of the NOx
emissions out of the total ozone season day emissions. This is an estimated 48.67 tons of VOC and 10.02 tons of
NOx daily.
The overall inventory is structured to include an overview of the inventory process, tables of summary data,
documentation of data, and quality assurance steps taken. Each section of the inventory is a discrete analysis, which
includes an introduction, scope, methodology and approach for estimating emissions, subsections with example
calculations, and a summary.

Figure ES-1. 1999 Ozone Season: Daily VOC Emissions by Category (tons/day)
Point Sources
(22 tons/day,
6.5%)

Biogenic Sources
(49 tons/day,
14.5%)

Area Sources
(91 tons/day, 27%)

Onroad Mobile
Sources
(90 tons/day, 27%)
Nonroad Mobile
Sources
(85 tons/day, 25%)

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2

Maricopa County, Arizona

Figure ES-2. 1999 Ozone Season: Daily NOx Emissions by Category (tons/day)
Biogenic Sources
(10 tons/day, 4%)

Point Sources
(21 tons/day, 7%)
Area Sources
(23 tons/day, 8%)

Onroad Mobile
Sources
(147 tons/day, 50%)

Nonroad Mobile
Sources
(92 tons/day, 31%)

Figure ES-3. 1999 Ozone Season: Daily CO Emissions by Category (tons/day)
Point Sources
(7 tons/day, < 1%)

Nonroad Mobile
Sources
(568 tons/day,
45%)
Onroad Mobile
Sources
(634 tons/day,
51%)

Area Sources
(46 tons/day, 4%)

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

3

Maricopa County, Arizona

SECTION 1. BACKGROUND AND EMISSIONS SUMMARY
1.1

Background

1.1.1

Type of Inventory, Pollutants, and Source Categories

This document presents the 1999 ozone periodic emissions inventory for the Maricopa County ozone nonattainment area. The inventory addresses VOC, NOx, and CO emissions from stationary point, area, nonroad
mobile, onroad mobile sources, and biogenic sources. This was constructed based on federal requirements stated in
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA). Title I of the CAAA contains provisions on the required
development of ozone and carbon monoxide emission inventories for designated areas that failed to meet the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone and carbon monoxide. The Maricopa County ozone
nonattainment area is classified as serious.
Season day emissions from the Maricopa County nonattainment area for the 1999 base year are calculated
for all categories. The three-month peak ozone season for the Maricopa County nonattainment area has been
determined to be July 1 through September 30 based on the ozone exceedances from 1981 through 1991 (MCESD,
1993); therefore this inventory covers July through September, 1999. Although only the past three to four years is
required when determining the ozone season (EPA, 1991), this ten-year range of data were used with the same result
and to be consistent with the 1990 base year. The number of ozone exceedances from 1981 through 1991 is shown
below.
Table 1-1. Ozone Exceedances for the Maricopa County Nonattainment Area, by Month (1981–1991)
Month
May
June
July
August
September
October

Number of Ozone
Exceedances, 1981–1991
1
6
7
16
15
2

Annual 1999 emissions are calculated for all sources categories except onroad mobile and biogenics, for
which only daily emissions were calculated. Table 1-2 shows a list of all major categories included in this ozone
inventory.
The major emission source categories are addressed by section. Section 2 addresses the individual stationary point sources. A list of all large point sources and their emissions, along with sample calculations and summary
tables is contained in Section 2. Supporting documentation can be found in Section 2 Appendices. Section 3 provides a complete explanation of each area source category, and describes in detail the methods used to calculate
emissions. Supporting documentation for area sources can be found in Section 3 Appendices. Section 4 addresses
the nonroad mobile source inventory. Aircraft activity, locomotives, and nonroad equipment are included in this
section. The FAA Aircraft Engine Emissions Database (FAEED) computer inputs, locomotive emissions information, and nonroad equipment calculations are shown in Section 4 Appendices. Section 5 describes the derivation of
the onroad mobile source inventory. An explanation of the MOBILE5a computer model's inputs and outputs can be
found in the Appendices for Section 5. Section 6 shows estimated biogenic emissions and the process of obtaining
these emission estimates. Section 7 provides a description of the quality assurance program used to ensure that the
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

5

Maricopa County, Arizona

inventory follows EPA specifications. It should be noted that the values listed in this inventory might not total
exactly due to rounding differences while calculating emissions for various sections.
Table 1-2. Major Emission Source Categories
Category
Fuel Combustion: Industrial
Fuel Combustion: Commercial/ Institutional
Chemical and Allied Product Manufacturing
Metals Processing
Other Industrial Processes
Solvent Utilization
Storage and Transport
Waste Disposal and Recycling
Highway Vehicles
Off Highway
Natural Sources
Miscellaneous
1.1.2

Sections
Sections 2 and 3
Sections 2 and 3
Sections 2 and 3
Section 2
Sections 2 and 3
Sections 2 and 3
Sections 2 and 3
Sections 2 and 3
Section 5
Section 4
Section 6
Sections 2 and 3

Geographic Area

The Maricopa County nonattainment area is approximately 1,962 square miles or approximately 20 percent
of the Maricopa County land area. This area was designated as a "moderate" (design value of 0.141 ppm) nonattainment area for ozone by the EPA (US Government, 1991), and redesignated as “serious” in 1997. The geographic boundaries of the nonattainment area are shown in Figure 1-1.
1.1.3

Demographic Profile

A demographic profile of the Maricopa County Ozone nonattainment area was provided by the Maricopa
Association of Governments (MAG) and is included as Appendix 1–1. This demographic profile was derived from
the MAG update of the population and socioeconomic database for Maricopa County (MAG, 2000).
The square miles within the nonattainment area boundary were calculated by digitizing the boundary and
summing the area within the boundary using ArcInfo GIS software. There are 1,962 square miles within the Ozone
nonattainment area boundary. Definitions of the terms and a breakdown of population, households, and
employment within the nonattainment area boundary are found in Table 1–3.
Table 1-3. 1999 Demographic Profile of the Ozone Nonattainment Area

•
•
•
•

Total Population
2,957,147
Total Households
1,124,469
Total Employment:
1,414,767
– Industrial Employment
313,613
– Office Employment
396,106
– Retail Employment
325,133
– Public Employment
189,263
– Other Employment
190,652
Total population is the sum of resident population in households, resident population in group quarters,
transient population, and seasonal population.
Total households are the sum of resident, group quarter, transient, and seasonal housing units.
Industrial employment includes those jobs in the manufacturing and wholesale trade categories.
Office employment includes finance, consulting, real estate, and insurance. The medical industry is not
included.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

6

Maricopa County, Arizona

•
•
•

Retail employment is associated with the retail trade sector of the economy. Examples include department store, grocery store, and restaurant workers.
Public employment includes police, military, museums, schools, government, and libraries.
Other employment is all employment not included in the above categories. Examples include medical,
postal, transportation, utilities, and communication.
Further details can be found in Appendix 1-1.

1.1.4

Agencies/Groups Responsible for the Emissions Inventory

The agency with direct responsibility for preparing and submitting the Maricopa County nonattainment
area 1999 Ozone Periodic Emission Inventory is the Maricopa County Environmental Services Department
(MCESD). Stationary point and area source emissions estimates, as well as calculations for aircraft, locomotive,
and nonroad equipment emissions were prepared by MCESD. Nonroad equipment emissions, except aircraft and
locomotives, were adapted using the EPA NEVES study from 1990, with adjustments to this study made by
MCESD. The Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG) prepared the onroad mobile source and biogenic
source emissions. Quality assurance activities are described in Section 7. All preparation and quality control
contacts for all categories above are listed in Table 1-4.
Table 1-4. Maricopa County 1999 Periodic Year Ozone Emissions Inventory Contacts
Task / Section:
Emission Inventory Preparation:
Stationary Point, Area, and Nonroad Mobile Sources

Name and Affiliation

Transportation Data, Biogenic Sources
Onroad Mobile Sources and Modeling
Modeling
Quality Assurance / Quality Control:
Stationary Point, Area, and Nonroad Mobile Sources
Transportation Data/Onroad Mobile Sources and Modeling
External QA

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

7

Phone

Renee Kongshaug, MCESD
Bob Downing, MCESD
Ruey-in Chiou, MAG
Roger Roy, MAG
Peter Hyde, ADEQ

(602) 506-4057
(602) 506-6790
(602) 254-6300
(602) 254-6300
(602) 207-7642

Renee Kongshaug, MCESD
Ruey-in Chiou, MAG
Randy Sedlacek, ADEQ

(602) 506-4057
(602) 254-6300
(602) 207-2300

Maricopa County, Arizona

Figure 1-1. Arizona Air Quality Attainment Designations for Ozone

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

8

Maricopa County, Arizona

1.2

Emissions Summary

The sources of emissions found in this inventory can be classified into five broad categories: 1) Stationary
Point; 2) Area; 3) Nonroad Mobile; 4) Onroad Mobile; and 5) Biogenic sources. Collectively all five sources are
estimated to contribute 336.94 tons of VOC, 292.70 tons of NOx, and 1,254.84 tons of CO per ozone season day. A
complete description of these sources and the corresponding methodologies used to calculate emissions for 1999 are
included in Sections 2 through 6. A summary of this inventory is provided below.
1.2.1

Stationary Point Sources

The stationary point category includes those stationary sources that emit a significant amount of pollution
into the air such as power plants, large manufacturing facilities, and petroleum product storage and transfer facilities.
As directed by EPA procedures, this 1999 ozone periodic emission inventory includes point sources that are outside
the nonattainment area but within 25 miles of the nonattainment area and that meet the criteria. The following
estimates include the five point sources that fall into this category. There were a total of 188 point sources
addressed in Section 2.
Emissions from stationary point source during a typical ozone season day are estimated to be: 21.96 tons of
VOC, 21.06 tons of NOx, and 6.55 tons of CO per day. The stationary point source category contributes 6.52
percent of the total VOC emissions, 7.20 percent of the total NOx emissions, and 0.52 percent of the total CO
emissions for ozone season day.
Table 1-5 shows a breakdown of the stationary point sources into various categories. Table 1-6 compares
the stationary point source VOC contributions within the metropolitan Phoenix nonattainment area to the VOC
contributions from other sources within Maricopa County but outside the nonattainment area.
Table 1-5. Ozone Precursors Emitted from Point Source Categories Included in the 1999 Ozone Inventory
Level II
Tier
Code Category
Electric Utilities – Fuel Combustion:
0102 Fuel Oil
0103 Natural Gas
0105 Internal Combustion
Subtotal
0202
0203
0204
0205

Industrial – Fuel Combustion:
Fuel Oil
Natural Gas
Other Fuel
Internal Combustion
Subtotal

Other Fuel Combustion –
Commercial/Institutional:
0302 Fuel Oil
0303 Natural Gas
0304 Miscellaneous Fuel Combustion
Subtotal

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

VOC
tons/yr

VOC
tons/day

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
tons/day

0.21
44.82
27.26
72.29

0.00
0.17
0.10
0.27

12.79
1,519.20
3,096.99
4,628.98

0.07
5.70
12.39
18.17

1.43
531.72
515.15
1,048.29

0.01
1.97
2.26
4.24

0.18
13.06
8.00
26.33
47.56

0.00
0.04
0.02
0.09
0.16

11.83
231.48
71.73
231.66
546.70

0.07
0.69
0.20
0.94
1.90

2.74
230.76
33.42
85.45
352.38

0.01
0.68
0.09
0.29
1.08

1.13
14.66
10.37
26.15

0.00
0.04
0.04
0.09

44.23
80.23
7.57
132.03

0.12
0.27
0.02
0.42

11.79
43.31
8.24
63.35

0.03
0.12
0.03
0.18

9

CO
CO
tons/yr tons/day

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 1-5 (cont'd). Ozone Precursors Emitted from Point Source Categories Included in the 1999 Ozone Inventory
Level II
Tier
VOC
VOC
NOx
NOx
CO
CO
Code Category
tons/yr tons/day tons/yr tons/day tons/yr tons/day
Chemical & Allied Manufacturing:
124.96
0.40
1.29
0.01
1.08
0.00
0403 Polymer & Resin
51.52
0.22
0405 Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Enamels
7.92
0.03
0406 Pharmaceuticals
184.40
0.66
1.29
0.01
1.08
0.00
Subtotal
Metals Processing:
0501 Non-Ferrous Processing
0502 Ferrous Metals Processing
0503 Other
Subtotal
Other Industrial Processes:
0701 Agriculture, Food & Kindred Products
0702 Textiles, Leather & Apparel Products
0703 Wood, Pulp, Paper, & Pub. Products
0704 Rubber & Misc. Plastic Products
0705 Mineral Products
0707 Electronic Equipment
0710 Miscellaneous Industrial Processes
Subtotal
0801
0802
0804
0805
0806

Solvent Utilization:
Degreasing
Graphic Arts
Surface Coating
Other Industrial
Non-Industrial
Subtotal

3.12
48.41
10.29
61.82

0.01
0.18
0.04
0.23

107.44
3.27
20.07
375.45
32.74
51.60
472.35
1,062.92

0.39
0.01
0.09
1.30
0.13
0.17
1.57
3.66

249.21
267.34
3,364.05
285.38
3.42
4,169.41

0.81
0.95
12.49
1.75
0.01
16.02

0901
0902
0904
0907
0911

Storage & Transport:
Bulk Terminals & Plants
Petroleum & Petroleum Products Storage
Service Stations: Stage I
Organic Chemical Storage
Bulk Materials Storage
Subtotal

187.59
30.04
0.71
3.01
9.35
230.71

0.56
0.09
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.71

1003
1005
1006
1007

Waste Disposal & Recycling:
Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Treatment, Storage & Disposal Facilities
Landfills
Other
Subtotal

4.87
0.02
49.28
9.84
64.00

0.01
0.00
0.14
0.03
0.18

1403
1404
1406

Miscellaneous:
Catastrophic/Accidental Releases
Repair Shops
Cooling Towers
Subtotal

26.24
1.23
1.93
29.40

0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01

5,948.67

21.96

GRAND TOTAL:

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

10

18.66
2.68

0.05
0.01

96.97
42.36

0.27
0.16

21.34

0.06

139.33

0.43

36.87

0.13

125.99

0.41

0.01
36.88

0.00
0.13

0.27
126.26

0.00
0.42

33.82
0.61

0.11
0.00

12.13
0.51

0.04
0.00

34.43

0.11

12.64

0.04

34.55
34.55

0.16
0.16

14.02
14.02

0.06
0.06

35.09

0.10

29.48

0.08

1.97
0.43
37.49

0.01
0.00
0.11

1.97
0.26
31.71

0.01
0.00
0.09

5,473.69

21.06

1,789.07

6.55

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 1-6. Point Source VOC Annual and Ozone Season Day Totals
VOC tons/yr
5,165.19
783.48
5,948.67

Point Sources Inside NAA
Point Sources Outside NAA
Total
1.2.2

VOC lbs/day
38,825
5,089
43,914

Area Sources
The area source category includes numerous small stationary sources that when added together contribute

significant amounts of air pollution. Examples of area source categories include gas stations, vehicle refueling,
coating of wood furniture, and waste incineration.
Daily ozone season VOC emissions from area sources total 91.01 tons of VOC, 22.63 tons of NOx and
46.42 tons of CO per day. The area source category contributes 27.01 percent of the total estimated VOC emissions,
7.73 percent of the NOx emissions, and 3.70 percent of the total CO emissions for the peak season day.
Table 1-7 provides an overview of major source categories, while a more detailed breakdown of sources is
contained in Section 3. There are seven major VOC sources which emit more than 5 tons of VOC per ozone season
day: tank truck unloading, vehicle refueling, architectural coatings, auto refinishing, graphic arts, asphalt paving,
and consumer/commercial solvent use.
Table 1-7. Summary of All Area Source 1999 Emissions by Category
VOC
Category
tons/yr
External and Internal Combustion Sources 2,392.58
Industrial Processes
614.94
Solvent Utilization
22,595.56
Storage and Transport
5,781.43
Waste Disposal
146.20
Miscellaneous
282.24
31,812.95
Area Source Totals:
1.2.3

VOC
tons/day
1.45
2.33
65.02
17.02
4.30
0.89
91.01

NOx
tons/yr
7,615.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
96.33
12.67
7,724.72

NOx
tons/day
20.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.01
0.01
22.63

CO
tons/yr
4,203.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,253.02
411.04
5,867.44

CO
tons/day
5.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
40.38
0.51
46.42

Nonroad Mobile Sources
The nonroad mobile source category includes emissions from nonroad equipment such as lawn mowers and

construction equipment in addition to locomotives and aircraft activity. A complete description of the nonroad
equipment sources and the corresponding methodology used to calculate VOC, NOx, and CO emissions for the 1999
Ozone Periodic Inventory can be found in the four documents prepared for the EPA by Energy and Environmental
Analysis: Nonroad Engine Emission Inventories for CO and Ozone Nonattainment Boundaries Phoenix Area,
Methodology to Calculate Nonroad Emission Inventories at the County and Sub-County Level, the Voluntary Early
Ozone Plan, and the Revised Voluntary Early Ozone Plan.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

11

Maricopa County, Arizona

The Maricopa County nonroad mobile source 1999 daily ozone season emissions are shown in Table 1-8.
The nonroad mobile source category contributes 25.19 percent of the total estimated 1999 daily ozone season VOC
emissions, 31.38 percent of the total estimated 1999 daily ozone season NOx emissions, and 45.25 percent of the
total estimated 1999 daily ozone season CO emissions.

Table 1-8. Summary of All Nonroad Mobile Source Emissions in 1999
Equipment Type
Aircraft Activity
Locomotives
Nonroad Equipment
Totals:

VOC
tons/yr
2,026.0
404.4
26,174.3
28,604.7

VOC
tons/day
4.99
1.11
78.76
84.86

NOx
tons/yr
8,213.4
10,595.1
15,133.3
33,941.8

NOx
tons/day
21.98
29.03
40.84
91.85

CO
tons/yr
17,786.5
1,361.8
175,893.8
195,042.1

CO
tons/day
43.96
3.73
520.07
567.76

NOTES:
– Nonroad equipment contributes 78.76 tons of VOC per ozone season day. This is 93% of the nonroad mobile estimated
1999 daily ozone season VOC emissions and represents 23.4% of total estimated 1999 daily ozone season VOC emissions.
– Nonroad equipment contributes 40.84 tons of NOx per ozone season day. This is 44% of the nonroad mobile estimated
1999 daily ozone season NOx emissions and represents 13.9% of total estimated 1999 daily ozone season NOx emissions.
– Nonroad equipment contributes 520.07 tons of CO per ozone season day. This is 92% of the nonroad mobile estimated
1999 daily ozone season CO emissions and represents 41.45% of total estimated 1999 daily ozone season CO emissions.

1.2.4

Onroad Mobile Sources

The onroad mobile source category includes the following eight vehicle types: light-duty gas vehicles
(LDGV), light-duty gas trucks (LDGT1 and LDGT2), heavy-duty gas vehicles (HDGV), light-duty diesel vehicles
and trucks (LDDV and LDDT), heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDV), and motorcycles (MC). Emission factors for
these vehicle types were calculated using MOBILE5a, the latest in a series of models approved by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the purpose of estimating motor vehicle emission factors for planning
purposes. The resulting emission factors were multiplied by the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) estimates to generate
emission estimates.
The Maricopa County onroad mobile source 1999 daily ozone season emissions are shown in the following
tables. The onroad mobile source category contributes 26.84 percent of the total estimated 1999 daily ozone season
VOC emissions, 50.27 percent of the total estimated 1999 daily ozone season NOx emissions, and 50.53 percent of
the total estimated 1999 daily ozone season CO emissions.
Table 1-9. Daily Ozone Season Onroad Mobile Source VOC Emissions by Vehicle Class (tons/day)
Vehicle Class
% Emission
Contribution
Emissions
(tons/day)

LDGV
51.46

LDGT1
19.88

LDGT2
12.09

HDGV
6.77

LDDV
0.09

LDDT
0.25

HDDV
7.16

MC
2.30

TOTAL
100.0%

46.54

17.98

10.93

6.12

0.08

0.23

6.48

2.08

90.44

NOTES:
– Light-duty gas vehicles (LDGV) contribute 46.54 tons of VOC per ozone season day. This is 51.46 percent of the
onroad mobile estimated 1999 daily ozone season VOC emissions and represents 13.81 percent of the total estimated 1999
daily ozone season VOC emissions.
– All light-duty gas and diesel cars, trucks, and motorcycles contribute 77.84 tons of VOC per 1999 ozone season day.
This is 86.07 percent of the onroad mobile estimated 1999 daily ozone season VOC emissions and represents 23.10 percent
of the total estimated 1999 daily ozone season VOC emissions. (LDGV + LDGT1 + LDGT2 + LDDV + LDDT + MC =
77.84 tons).

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

12

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 1-10. Daily Ozone Season Onroad Mobile Source NOx Emissions by Vehicle Class (tons/day)
Vehicle Class
% Emission
Contribution
Emissions
(tons/day)

LDGV
38.43

LDGT1
13.49

LDGT2
7.91

HDGV
8.27

LDDV
0.16

LDDT
0.43

HDDV
31.11

MC
0.20

TOTAL
100.0%

56.55

19.85

11.64

12.16

0.24

0.63

45.77

0.30

147.14

NOTES:
– Light-duty gas vehicles (LDGV) contribute 56.55 tons of NOx per ozone season day. This is 38.43 percent of the
onroad mobile estimated 1999 daily ozone season NOx emissions and represents 19.32 percent of the total estimated 1999
daily ozone season NOx emissions.
– All light-duty gas and diesel cars, trucks, and motorcycles contribute 89.21 tons of NOx per 1999 ozone season day.
This is 60.63 percent of the onroad mobile estimated 1999 daily ozone season NOx emissions and represents 30.48 percent
of the total estimated 1999 daily ozone season NOx emissions. (LDGV + LDGT1 + LDGT2 + LDDV + LDDT + MC =
89.21 tons).

Table 1-11. Daily Ozone Season Onroad Mobile Source CO Emissions by Vehicle Class (tons/day)
Vehicle Class
% Emission
Contribution
Emissions
(tons/day)

LDGV
51.87

LDGT1
20.94

LDGT2
12.18

HDGV
8.93

LDDV
0.03

LDDT
0.08

HDDV
5.05

MC
0.92

TOTAL
100.0%

328.94

132.79

77.22

56.64

0.18

0.49

32.02

5.83

634.11

NOTES:
– Light-duty gas vehicles (LDGV) contribute 328.94 tons of CO per ozone season day. This is 51.87 percent of the
onroad mobile estimated 1999 daily ozone season CO emissions and represents 26.21 percent of the total estimated 1999
daily ozone season CO emissions.
– All light-duty gas and diesel cars, trucks, and motorcycles contribute 545.45 tons of CO per 1999 ozone season day.
This is 86.02 percent of the onroad mobile estimated 1999 daily ozone season CO emissions and represents 43.47 percent
of the total estimated 1999 daily ozone season CO emissions. (LDGV + LDGT1 + LDGT2 + LDDV + LDDT + MC =
545.45 tons).

1.2.5

Biogenic Sources

Biogenic sources include all vegetation in the nonattainment area. This includes indigenous vegetation,
crops, and landscaping vegetation. The computer program MAG-BEIS2 was used to estimate hourly VOC emissions (isoprene, a-pinene, other monoterpenes, and unidentified hydrocarbons). Annual biogenic emissions were not
determined. The estimated 1999 daily ozone season emissions from biogenics are 48.67 tons VOC and 10.02 tons of
NOx per day. Biogenic emissions comprise 14.44 percent of total VOC and 3.42 percent of total NOx season day
emissions.
1.2.6

Summary of All Emission Source Types

Tables 1-12 and 1-13 below show the 1999 annual and season day VOC, NOx, and CO for the five primary
categories listed in this 1999 Ozone Periodic Emission Inventory. Note that in Table 1-13, annual emissions for
onroad mobile and biogenic sources are not required by EPA inventory guidance to be calculated, so the totals in
that table do not reflect true totals. Tables 1-14 and 1-15 present comparative emissions data by source type reported
in periodic ozone inventories since 1990. Table 1-14 presents data for annual emissions, while Table 1-15
summarizes season day emissions.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

13

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 1-12. 1999 Average Daily Ozone Season Emissions (tons/day)
Source
Stationary Point:
– Inside the non-attainment area
– Outside the non-attainment area
Area
Nonroad Mobile
Onroad Mobile
Biogenic
TOTAL DAILY EMISSIONS:

VOC
tons/day
%
19.42
2.54
91.01
84.86
90.44
48.67
336.94

5.76
0.76
27.01
25.19
26.84
14.44
100.0

NOx
tons/day
20.86
0.20
22.63
91.85
147.14
10.02
292.70

CO
tons/day

%
7.13
0.07
7.73
31.38
50.27
3.42
100.0

6.45
0.10
46.42
567.76
634.11
––
1,254.84

%
0.51
0.01
3.70
45.25
50.53
––
100.0

Table 1-13. 1999 Annual Ozone Precursor Emissions (tons/yr)
NOx
CO
Source Category
VOC
Stationary Point:
– Inside the non-attainment area
5,165.19
5,408.86
1,755.56
– Outside the non-attainment area
783.48
64.84
33.51
Area
31,812.95
7,724.72
5,867.44
Nonroad Mobile
28,604.70
33,941.80
195,042.10
Onroad Mobile1
n/a
n/a
n/a
Biogenic1
n/a
n/a
n/a
2
TOTAL ANNUAL EMISSIONS:
66,366.32
47,140.22
202,698.61
1
Inventory guidance does not require annual emissions estimates for onroad mobile and
biogenic sources.
2
Annual total emissions do not include onroad mobile and biogenic sources.

Table 1-14. Comparison of Annual Emissions Reported in Periodic Inventories from 1990 to Present
(in tons per year)
Source Type
Point
Area
Nonroad Mobile
Totals:

Pollutant
CO
VOC
NOx
CO
VOC
NOx
CO
VOC
NOx
CO
VOC
NOx

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

1990
1,493
7,930
5,954
2,237
35,728
3,708
167,302.8
17,923.5
29,081.5
171,032.8
61,581.5
38,743.5

14

1993
1,140
7,699
4,721
2,335
36,447
3,779
162,021
17,377
28,619
165,496
61,523
37,119

1996
735.6
5,866
3,319.1
1,677.8
39,549.8
4,589.4
181,911.7
22,742.0
17,623.5
184,325.1
68,157.7
25,532.0

1999
1,789.07
5,948.67
5,473.70
5,867.44
31,812.95
7,724.72
195,042.10
28,604.70
33,941.80
202,698.61
66,366.32
47,140.22

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 1-15. Comparison of Ozone Season Day Emissions Reported in Periodic Inventories from 1990 to Present
(in tons per year)
Source Type
Point
Area
Nonroad Mobile
Onroad Mobile
Biogenic
Totals:

1.3

Pollutant
CO
VOC
NOx
CO
VOC
NOx
CO
VOC
NOx
CO
VOC
NOx
VOC
NOx
CO
VOC
NOx

1990
15.21
28.16
78.04
4.28
123
8
573.2
63.7
93.7
1,002.61
150.11
143.12
41
0
1,595.30
405.97
322.86

1993
14.19
25.63
77.78
4.5
110
9.8
658
62.1
92.6
853
119
144
52
0
1,529.69
368.73
324.18

1996
8.88
23.57
44.44
4.6
108.90
11.5
537.0
67.8
48.3
621.5
95.1
142.8
52.1
11.6
1,178.08
347.47
248.74

1999
6.55
21.96
21.06
46.42
91.01
22.63
567.76
84.86
91.85
634.11
90.44
147.14
48.67
10.02
1,254.84
327.43
292.70

References for Section 1
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. Voluntary Early Ozone Plan. Phoenix, Arizona. 1996.
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. Revised Voluntary Early Ozone Plan. Phoenix, Arizona.

1997.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. Methodology to Calculate Nonroad Emission Inventories at the
County and Sub-County Level Draft Final Report. Arlington, Virginia. July 1992.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. Nonroad Engine Emission Inventories for CO and Ozone
Nonattainment Boundaries Phoenix Area. Arlington, VA. 1992.
Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Inventory Requirements for Ozone State Implementation
Plans, EPA-450/4-91-010. March 1991.
Maricopa Association of Governments. Update of the Population and Socioeconomic Database for
Maricopa County. March 1993.
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department. 1990 Base Year Carbon Monoxide Emission
Inventory. August 1993.
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department. 1993 Periodic Ozone Emission Inventory.
September 1996.
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department. 1996 Base Year Ozone Emission Inventory
Preparation Plan. October 1997.
US Government Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration. Code of
Federal Regulations, 56 FR 56694. November 6, 1991.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

15

Maricopa County, Arizona

SECTION 2. STATIONARY POINT SOURCES
2.1

Introduction and Scope
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD) is the lead agency responsible for com-

piling this 1999 emissions point source inventory. MCESD is also responsible for identifying all point sources
within the nonattainment area, documenting the methods used to calculate emissions from each source, and collating
and presenting the results. For the purposes of this inventory, a point source is a stationary operation in the nonattainment area or within a 25-mile boundary zone around the nonattainment area that meets the following criteria:
•

It annually emitted at least 25 English (short) tons of volatile organic compounds (VOC), 50 English
tons or more of carbon monoxide (CO), and or 100 English tons of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in 1999; OR

•

It was included as a point source in the 1990, 1993, or 1996 ozone periodic emission inventories and
has VOC, CO or NOx emissions greater than 5 English tons per year.

The point source inventory consists of actual VOC, NOx, and CO emissions for the year 1999 and for the
average daily ozone season. The ozone season, defined as July through September 1999, is based on ozone
exceedances from 1981 through 1991 (defined in Section 1.1) to be consistent with the 1990 base year inventory. A
description and map of the nonattainment area are provided in Section 1. Questions concerning point source
emissions may be directed to Bob Downing of MCESD at (602) 506-6790.
Several tables have been constructed to provide the point source emissions and category totals. Table 2-1
shows the point source categories that were considered when developing the inventory. (Not all categories were
applicable to this inventory.) Table 2-2 provides an alphabetical list of the 188 identified point sources and their
location, while Table 2-3 shows the 1999 annual and average daily ozone season emissions for those point sources.
Table 2-4 indicates the 1999 annual and average daily ozone season emissions for these point sources, listed by
industry category. Categories were designated according to Level II (4-digit) Tier II codes and process descriptions
provided by the point sources. Table 2-5 summarizes emissions by category for all points. Table 2-6 presents
annual and season day VOC emissions totals by groupings of categories and location (i.e., sources that are inside
and outside the nonattainment area).
Table 2-1. Point Source Categories
Tier Code
TIER 01
0101
0102
0103
0104
0105

Status
Fuel Combustion: Electric Utilities
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
Internal Combustion

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

Not present in area
Treated as point sources
Treated as point sources
Not present in area
Treated as point sources

16

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-1 (continued). Point Source Categories
Tier Code
TIER 02
0201
0202
0203
0204
0205

Fuel Combustion: Industrial
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other
Internal Combustion

Status
Not present in area
Point and area source
Point and area source
Point and area source
Point and area source

TIER 03
0301
0302
0303
0304
0305
0306

Fuel Combustion: Other
Commercial/Institutional Coal
Commercial/Institutional Oil
Commercial/Institutional Gas
Misc. Fuel Combustion (Except Residential)
Residential Wood
Residential Other

Not present in area
Point and area source
Point and area source
Point and area source
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Area source (addressed in Section 3)

TIER 04
0401
0402
0403
0404
0405
0406
0407

Chemical and Allied Product Manufacturing
Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
Polymer & Resin Manufacturing
Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Enamel Mfg.
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Other Chemical Manufacturing

Not present in area
Not present in area
Point and area source
Point source
Point source
Point and area source
Not present in area

TIER 05
0501
0502
0503

Metals Processing
Non-Ferrous Metals Processing
Ferrous Metals Processing
Metals Processing, not elsewhere classified

Point source
Point source
Point source

TIER 06
0601
0602
0603

Petroleum and Related Industries
Oil & Gas Production
Petroleum Refineries & Related Industries
Asphalt Manufacturing

Not present in area
Not present in area
Not present in area

TIER 07
0701
0702
0703
0704
0705
0706
0707
0708
0709
0710

Other Industrial Processes
Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products
Textiles, Leather, & Apparel Products
Wood, Pulp & Paper, & Publishing Products
Rubber & Miscellaneous Plastic Products
Mineral Products
Machinery Products
Electronic Equipment
Transportation Equipment
Construction
Miscellaneous Industrial Processes

Point and area source
Point and area source
Point and area source
Point and area source
Point and area source
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Point and area source
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Point and area source

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

17

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-1 (continued). Point Source Categories
Tier Code
TIER 08
0801
0802
0803
0804
0805
0806
0807

Solvent Utilization
Degreasing
Graphic Arts
Dry Cleaning
Surface Coating
Other Industrial
Non-industrial
Solvent Utilization not elsewhere classified

Point and area source
Point and area source
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Point and area source
Point and area source
Point and area source
Point and area source

TIER 09
0901
0902
0903
0904
0905
0906
0907
0908
0909
0910
0911
0912

Storage and Transport
Bulk Terminals & Plants
Petroleum & Petroleum Product Storage
Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport
Service Stations: Stage I
Service Stations: Stage II
Service Stations: Breathing & Emptying
Organic Chemical Storage
Organic Chemical Transport
Inorganic Chemical Storage
Inorganic Chemical Transport
Bulk Materials Storage
Bulk Materials Transport

Point source
Point source
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Point and area source
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Point and area source
Area source (addressed in Section 3)

TIER 10
1001
1002
1003
1004

Waste Disposal and Recycling
Incineration
Open Burning
Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Industrial Waste Water

1005
1006
1007

Status

Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities
Landfills
Other

Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Point source
Accounted for in each point source's emissions
(based on mass balance)
Point source
Point and area source
Point and area source

TIER 11
1101
1102
1103
1104

Highway Vehicles
Light-Duty Gas Vehicles & Motorcycles
Light-Duty Gas Trucks
Heavy-Duty Gas Vehicles
Diesels

Onroad mobile source (addressed in Section 5)
Onroad mobile source (addressed in Section 5)
Onroad mobile source (addressed in Section 5)
Onroad mobile source (addressed in Section 5)

TIER 12
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205

Off-Highway
Non-Road Gasoline
Non-Road Diesel
Aircraft
Marine Vessels
Railroads

Nonroad mobile source (addressed in Section 4)
Nonroad mobile source (addressed in Section 4)
Nonroad mobile source (addressed in Section 4)
Not present in area
Nonroad mobile source (addressed in Section 4)

TIER 13
1301
1302
1303

Natural Sources
Biogenic
Geogenic
Miscellaneous

Biogenic source (addressed in Section 6)
Biogenic source (addressed in Section 6)
Biogenic source (addressed in Section 6)

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

18

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-1 (continued). Point Source Categories
Tier Code
TIER 14
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407

Status
Miscellaneous
Agriculture & Forestry
Other Combustion
Catastrophic/Accidental Releases
Repair Shops
Health Services
Cooling Towers
Fugitive Dust

Not included in ozone inventory
Not included in ozone inventory
Point and area source
Point and area source
Area source (addressed in Section 3)
Point source
Not included in ozone inventory

Note:

"Not present in area" means that point sources in this category are not found within the nonattainment area
and thus are not included in this inventory.

2.2

Compiling the Point Source List

Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD) identified point sources within Maricopa
County through its permit system database and the 1999 annual emissions reported submitted to the department. In
addition, the permit system was reviewed to locate new installations that were not included in the previous emission
inventory, and to identify sources that have ceased operations since 1996 periodic inventory was compiled. Sources
were categorized by tier codes.
A total of 183 point sources inside the Maricopa County nonattainment area were identified. Five
additional sources are located outside the nonattainment area but within the 25-mile boundary zone around the
nonattainment area. MCESD identified three of these five sources (those within Maricopa County but outside the
nonattainment area), while the Pinal County Air Quality Control District (PCAQCD) quantified emissions for the
other two sources. There were no additional relevant sources quantified by the Arizona Department of
Environmental Quality (ADEQ). Several large VOC sources included on the point source list also reported some
carbon monoxide emissions. Thus the list of sources included in this section differs from the list of large CO
sources used to compile the Maricopa County 1999 CO Periodic Emission Inventory.
An alphabetical list of all sources, including a unique business ID number, business name (including any
changes from the 1996 periodic inventory), and physical address, is contained in Table 2-2. Business names that
have changed since the 1996 periodic inventory are noted in Table 2-2. In a few additional cases, business ID
numbers and/or SIC codes have been updated or corrected from data provided in the 1996 inventory.
In total, these 188 sources emitted 5,922 tons of VOC, 5,474 tons of NOx and 1,789 tons of CO in 1999.
All available information about each point source included in this inventory will be forwarded to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for use in the National Emission Inventory (NEI) database, the successor
to the EPA Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) for reporting emissions inventory data. The required
site- and segment-level data, as outlined in the NEI data requirement documentation, will be submitted to EPA in the
required formats.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

19

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-2. Location of Point Sources Included in this Inventory
ID # SIC Business Name
1075 4952 91st Ave. Wastewater Treatment Plant
1330 2599 A. Forzano & Son Inc.
245 2511 A.F. Lorts Co. Inc.
(formerly Lorts Manufacturing Co.)
1239 3412 AG Products/American Gooseneck Inc.
35541 3317 Allied Tube & Pipe Conduit Corp.
199 3272 Ameron Pipe
3313 4911 APS West Phoenix Power Plant
3441 5171 Arco Products Co. / Phoenix Terminal
43135 3088 Arizona Pacific Spas
1476 2511 Aspen Furniture LLC
1331 2517 Aspen II (formerly RTA Manufacturing Inc.)
4028 2752 B & D Litho Inc.
1418 3069 B.F. Goodrich Aircraft Evacuation Systems
18 3069 Belden Communications Division
961 7996 Big Surf
36485 2759 Billboard Poster Co. Inc.
3528 5171 Brown-Evans Distributing BP#1
458 2431 Bryant Industries Inc.
975 2752 Buse Printing & Advertising
3442 5171 Caljet / Williams
3296 5171 Calvert Oil Co. †
40927 2521 Case Products
1316 2451 Cavco Industries Inc. (Litchfield Rd.)
1317 2451 Cavco Industries Inc. (35th Ave.)
1318 2451 Cavco Industries Inc. (Durango St.)
16 3441 Cem-Tec Corporation
1310 2752 Century Graphics LLC
1426 2759 Cesar Color Inc.
1303 3111 Chambers Belt Co. Inc.
996 5511 Chapman Chevrolet-Isuzu Inc.
3297 5171 Chevron USA Inc.
3976 2434 Cholla Custom Cabinets Inc.
4083 2431 Chris Fischer Productions Inc.
1074 4952 City of Phoenix 23rd Ave. WWTP
40233 9511 City of Scottsdale Water Services Div.
38731 2451 Clayton Homes - El Mirage
25621 8711 CMC Wireless Component
1054 2434 Copperstate Cabinet Co. Inc.
31570 3052 Copperstate Rubber of Arizona
1198 2752 Courier Graphics Corp.
4023 2431 Creative Shutters Inc.
3744 3089 Desert Sun Fiberglass Systems Ltd.
130 3324 Dolphin Inc.
36224 7532 Earnhardt Dodge Auto Body
26 5082 Empire Machinery Co.
544 2451 Fleetwood Homes of Arizona Inc. #21
27728 3674 Flipchip Technologies
1375 2511 Forest Designs
779 2752 G & G Printers Inc.
365 2653 Gaylord Container Corp.
41751 7534 GCR Truck Tire Center
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

20

Address
5615 S. 91st Ave.
8120 W. Harrison St.
3020 Civic Center Plaza

City
ZIP
Tolleson
85353
Phoenix
85043
Scottsdale 85251

2525 W. Broadway Rd.
2525 N. 27th Ave.
2325 S. 7th St.
4606 W. Hadley St.
5333 W. Van Buren St.
210 N. 24th St.
3711 W. Clarendon Ave.
3021 N. 29th Dr.
3820 N. 38th Ave.
505 N. 51st Ave.
3414 S. 5th St.
1500 N. McClintock Dr.
3940 W. Montecito Ave.
306 S. Country Club Dr.
788 W. Illini St.
1616 E. Harvard St.
125 N. 53rd Ave.
214 Arizona Eastern Ave.
1401 E. Jackson St.
1366 S. Litchfield Rd.
2602 S. 35th Ave.
2502 W. Durango St.
3745 S. 7th Ave.
2960 Grand Ave.
3433 E. Wood St.
2920 E. Chambers St.
1717 E. Baseline Rd.
5110 W. Madison St.
1727 E. Deer Valley Dr.
4741 W. Polk St.
2301 W. Durango St.
16800 N. Hayden Rd.
12345 W. Butler Dr.
10409 S 50th Pl.
1932 W. North Ln.
750 S. 59th Ave.
2621 S. 37th St.
2009 W. Ironwood Dr.
21412 N. 14th Ave.
740 S. 59th Ave.
1301 N. Colorado St.
1725 S. Country Club Dr.
6112 N. 56th Ave.
3701 E. University Dr.
3230 E. Roeser Rd.
10201 N. 21st Ave.
4932 W. Colter St.
2815 N. 32nd Ave.

Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Tempe
Phoenix
Mesa
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Buckeye
Phoenix
Goodyear
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Tempe
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Scottsdale
El Mirage
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Gilbert
Mesa
Glendale
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Glendale
Phoenix

85041
85009
85034
85043
85043
85034
85019
85017
85019
85043
85040
85281
85019
85211
85041
85006
85043
85326
85034
85338
85009
85009
85041
85017
85040
85040
85283
85043
85024
85043
85009
85261
85335
85044
85021
85215
85034
85021
85027
85043
85234
85210
85311
85034
85040
85021
85301
85009

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-2 (continued). Location of Point Sources Included in this Inventory
ID # SIC Business Name
1437 3672 Hadco Phoenix Inc./ Sanmina Phx. Div.
(formerly Continental Circuits Corp.)
292 2834 Health Factors International Inc.
(formerly JMI Phoenix Laboratories Inc.)
31565 3086 Henry Products Inc.
1305 2752 Heritage Graphics Inc.
138 2431 Heritage Shutters Inc.
Pinal
Hexcel
40222 3663 Hexcel Satellite Products
529 3086 Highland Products Inc.
3536 2051 Holsum Bakery Inc.
3802 2051 Holsum Bakery (Tempe)
1059 3724 Honeywell Aerospace Services
(formerly AlliedSignal Aviation Serv.)
348 3812 Honeywell Air Transport Systems
(formerly Honeywell Comm Flight Systems)
247 3728 Honeywell Engines & Systems (formerly
AlliedSignal Aerospace Equip Systems)
355 3724 Honeywell International Inc.
(formerly AlliedSignal Engines)
1041 3769 Honeywell Satellite Systems Operations
354 3341 Imsamet of Arizona
1080 3679 Innovex Southwest Inc.
(formerly Adflex Solutions Inc.)
777 3086 Insulfoam (formerly Western Insulfoam)
31617 3674 Intel Corp. Chandler Campus (Fab 6)
3966 3674 Intel Corp. Ocotillo Campus (Fab 12)
1483 3479 Interpipe Equipment Inc.
(formerly Interpipe Inc.)
790 3479 Intesys Technologies Inc.
654 2752 Ironwood Lithographers Inc.
983 3679 Isola Laminate Systems Corp.
(formerly AlliedSignal Laminate Systems)
813 2851 Kelly-Moore Paint Co. Inc.
(formerly K-M Universal Paint Co. Inc.)
788 2431 Kirkwood Shutters Ltd.
341 3088 L & M Laminates and Marble
4182 2511 Legends Furniture Inc.
4360 2752 Litho Tech Inc.
1276 7538 Lou Grubb Chevrolet
3300 9711 Luke Air Force Base
744 3325 M.E. West Castings Inc.
(formerly Capitol Castings Inc.)
1248 3088 Maax Spas (formerly Coleman Spas)
4111 2512 Magic Woods Inc.
205 2677 Mail-Well Envelope
353 3089 Marlam Industries Inc.
62 2434 Mastercraft Cabinets Inc.
1382 2434 McCarthy Cabinet Co.
971 3499 Mechtronics of Arizona Corp.
1200 3674 Medtronic Microelectronics Center
3326 3281 Mesa Fully Formed Inc.
1414 1442 Mesa Materials Inc.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

21

Address
5020 S. 36th St.

City
Phoenix

ZIP
85040

429 S. Siesta Ln.

Tempe

85281

302 S. 23rd Ave.
2926 N. 33rd Ave.
602 W. Lone Cactus Dr.
1214 W. Highway 84
1331 W. Houston Ave.
43 N. 48th Ave.
408 S. 23rd Ave.
710 W. Geneva Dr.
1944 E. Sky Harbor Cir.

Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Casa Grande
Gilbert
Phoenix
Phoenix
Tempe
Phoenix

85009
85015
85027
85222
85233
85043
85009
85252
85034

21111 N. 19th Ave.

Phoenix

85027

1300 W. Warner Rd.

Tempe

85284

19019 N. 59th Ave.

Glendale

85308

111 S. 34th St.
3829 S. Estrella Pkwy.
2001 W. Chandler Blvd.

Phoenix
Goodyear
Chandler

85034
85338
85224

3401 W. Cocopah St.
5000 W. Chandler Blvd.
4500 S. Dobson Rd.
3807 W. Adams St.

Phoenix
Chandler
Chandler
Phoenix

85009
85226
85248
85009

500 S. 52nd St.
455 S. 53rd St.
165 S. Price Rd.

Tempe
Tempe
Chandler

85281
85281
85224

905 W. Alameda Dr.

Tempe

85282

22201 N. 24th Ave.
813 E. University Dr.
5555 N. 51st Ave.
2020 N. 22nd Ave.
2646 W. Camelback Rd.
14002 W. Marauder St.
5857 S. Kyrene Rd.

Phoenix
Phoenix
Glendale
Phoenix
Phoenix
Glendale
Tempe

85027
85034
85301
85009
85017
85309
85283

25605 S. Arizona Ave.
4210 N. 39th Ave.
221 N. 48th Ave.
834 E. Hammond Ln.
305 S. Brooks
3255 W. Osborn Rd.
1601 E. Broadway Rd.
2343 W. 10th Pl.
1111 S. Sirrine St.
3410 N. Higley Rd.

Chandler
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Mesa
Phoenix
Phoenix
Tempe
Mesa
Mesa

85248
85019
85043
85034
85202
85017
85040
85281
85210
85205

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-2 (continued). Location of Point Sources Included in this Inventory
ID #
83
192
1203
1875
176
226
518

SIC
3446
2521
3674
3674
3674
3272
3672

Business Name
Metal-Weld Specialties Inc.
Meyer & Lundahl Manufacturing Co.
Microchip Technology Inc. (Chandler)
Microchip Technology Inc. (Tempe)
Microsemi Corp.
Monier Lifetile LLC (formerly Monier Inc.)
Mosiac Printed Circuits Inc.
(formerly Quality Printed Circuits Corp.)
881 3674 Motorola Inc. (Chandler)
1109 3674 Motorola Inc. (Tempe)
1151 3674 Motorola Logic & Analog Tech Group
223 3524 MTD Southwest Inc.
(formerly Ryobi Outdoor Products Inc.)
693 3585 Munters Corp.
1190 2434 National Countertops & Cabinet
36939 2834 Naturally Vitamin
826 3672 Nelco Technology Inc.
948 3086 Nesco Manufacturing Inc.
1309 2511 New Directions Inc.
1878 8661 North Phoenix Baptist Church
3953 2434 Oakcraft Inc.
27925 2511 Oasis Bedroom Co.
52382 4911 Ocotillo Power Plant
212 3674 ON Semiconductor
(formerly Motorola SPS-SCG)
3982 2752 O'Neil Printing Inc.
1344 2451 Palm Harbor Homes Inc.
98 4911 Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station †
733 7699 Pan-Glo West
419 3724 Parker Hannifin GTFSD
1398 3089 Patrician Marble Co. LLP
1116 2431 Patrick Door Inc.
1341 3949 Penn Racquet Sports
1014 3251 Phoenix Brick Yard
69 3398 Phoenix Heat Treating Inc.
562 2711 Phoenix Newspapers Inc.
30171 4111 Phoenix Transit System
4050 2051 Pillsbury Bakeries & Food Service
1154 3449 Ping Inc. (formerly Karsten Mfg Corp.)
4007 3479 Precision Truck Painting & Repair Inc.
148 3369 Presto Casting Co.
1030 2752 Quebecor World – Phoenix Div.
991 3479 Randall's VIP Trailers Inc.
1503 2451 Redman Homes Inc.
3773 3089 Redstone Industries Inc.
303 3411 Rexam Beverage Can Co.
(formerly American National Can Corp.)
545 3672 Rockford Corp.
508 2511 Samuel Lawrence Furniture Co.
3315 4911 Santan Generating Plant
266 3441 Schuff Steel Co.
246 2451 Schult Homes †
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

22

Address
8137 N. 83rd Ave.
2345 W. Lincoln St.
2355 W. Chandler Blvd.
1200 S. 52nd St.
8700 E. Thomas Rd.
1832 S. 51st Ave.
5815 S. 25th St.

City
Peoria
Phoenix
Chandler
Tempe
Scottsdale
Phoenix
Phoenix

ZIP
85345
85009
85224
85281
85251
85043
85040

1300 N. Alma School Rd.
2100 E. Elliot Rd.
2200 W. Broadway Rd.
550 N. 54th St.

Chandler
Tempe
Mesa
Chandler

85224
85284
85202
85226

802 S. 59th Ave.
2317 S. 15th Ave.
14810 N. 73rd St.
1104 W. Geneva Dr.
1510 W. Drake Dr.
2940 W. Willetta St.
5757 N. Central Ave.
366 N. 2nd Ave.
7733 W. Olive Ave.
2022 N. 22nd Ave.
1500 E. University Dr.

Phoenix
Phoenix
Scottsdale
Tempe
Tempe
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Peoria
Phoenix
Tempe

85043
85007
85260
85282
85283
85009
85012
85003
85345
85009
85281

5005 E. McDowell Rd.
309 S. Perry Ln.
5801 S. Wintersburg Rd.
2401 W. Sherman St.
7777 N. Glen Harbor Blvd.
3333 W. Osborn Rd.
211 S. 49th Ave.
306 S. 45th Ave.
1814 S. 7th Ave.
2405 W. Mohave Rd.
22600 N. 19th Ave.
2225 W. Lower Buckeye Rd.
1120 W. Fairmont Dr.
2201 W. Desert Cove Ave.
2212 N. 27th Ave.
5440 W. Missouri Ave.
1850 E. Watkins St.
17066 S 54th St.
400 E. Ray Rd.
5820 W. San Miguel Ave.
211 N. 51st Ave.

Phoenix
Tempe
Tonopah
Phoenix
Glendale
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Tempe
Phoenix
Phoenix
Glendale
Phoenix
Chandler
Chandler
Glendale
Phoenix

85008
85281
85354
85009
85307
85017
85043
85043
85007
85009
85027
85009
85282
85029
85009
85301
85034
85226
85225
85301
85043

546 S. San Miguel Ave.
601 S. 65th Ave.
1005 S. Val Vista Dr.
420 S. 19th Ave.
231 N. Apache Rd.

Tempe
Phoenix
Gilbert
Phoenix
Buckeye

85281
85043
85296
85009
85326

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-2 (continued). Location of Point Sources Included in this Inventory
ID #
4278
207
4175
Pinal
27933
3316
3317
4131

SIC
2431
3732
4226

Business Name
Scottsdale Shutters Inc.
Sea Ray Boats
SFPP LP
Sierra Estrella Landfill †
4953 Skunk Creek Landfill
4911 SRP Agua Fria
4911 SRP Kyrene Steam Plant
3674 ST Microelectronics (formerly
SGS Thomson Microelectronics Inc.)
582 2511 Stone Creek Inc.
388 3086 Storopack Inc.
27 3632 Sub Zero Freezer Co. Inc.
1463 2431 Sunburst Shutters Inc.
101 2011 Sunland Beef Co.
3691 5171 Supreme Oil Co.
40236 2752 Team Forms
3978 2511 Team Two Design Associates Inc.
1333 7997 Ted Levine Drum Co.
3444 5171 Texaco Phoenix Sales Terminal
249 3721 The Boeing Company (formerly
McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems)
937 3799 The Heil Co.
232 7011 The Phoenician Resort
552 2511 Thornwood Furniture Manufacturing
363 2511 Thunderbird Furniture
3443 5171 Tosco Phoenix Terminal
(formerly Union Oil Co.)
532 2761 Trade Printers Inc.
782 3471 Treffers Precision Inc.
1210 2511 Trendwood Inc. (15th Ave.)
1211 2511 Trendwood Inc. (University Ave.)
169 7538 U-Haul Intl. Technical Center
1228 3087 Ultra Installations Inc.
234 2023 United Dairymen of Arizona
201 1442 United Metro Materials Inc. Plant #1
260 1442 United Metro Plant #11
213 1442 United Metro Plant #12
89 2452 United Modular
(formerly Rosewood Enterprises)
827 3479 Valley Industrial Painting
403 3354 VAW of America Inc.
(formerly VAW Aluminum)
2 2951 Vulcan Materials Co. Western Div.
174 2899 W.R. Meadows of AZ Inc.
1149 2431 Weaver Quality Shutters Inc.
376 2671 Western Packaging
4384 2431 Western Shutter LLC
2701 5171 Western States Petroleum #107
20706 3086 WinCup Holdings Inc.
3324 2752 Woods Lithgraphics Inc.
72 2511 Woodstuff Manufacturing Inc.
70 3069 Wynn's Precision Inc.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

23

Address
16087 N. 80th St.
4140 E. Raymond St.
49 N. 53rd Ave.
22087 N. Ralston Rd.
3165 W. Happy Valley Rd.
7302 W. Northern Ave.
7005 S. Kyrene Rd.
1000 E. Bell Rd.

City
Scottsdale
Phoenix
Phoenix
Maricopa
Phoenix
Glendale
Tempe
Phoenix

ZIP
85260
85040
85043
85239
85027
85303
85283
85022

4221 E. Raymond St.
77 N. 45th Ave.
3865 W. Van Buren St.
3637 E. Maricopa Fwy.
651 S. 91st Ave.
2110 Grand Ave.
2002 N. 23rd Ave.
310 S. 43rd Ave.
303 S. Sirrine St.
5325 W. Van Buren St.
5000 E. McDowell Rd.

Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Tolleson
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Mesa
Phoenix
Phoenix

85040
85043
85009
85040
85353
85009
85009
85009
85210
85043
85215

1500 S. 7th St.
6000 E. Camelback Rd.
5125 E. Madison St.
7501 E. Redfield Rd.
10 S. 51st Ave.

Phoenix
Scottsdale
Phoenix
Scottsdale
Phoenix

85034
85251
85034
85260
85043

2122 W. Shangri-La Rd.
1021 N. 22nd Ave.
2402 S. 15th Ave.
261 E. University Dr.
11298 S Priest Dr.
245 S. Mulberry
2008 S. Hardy Dr.
2875 S. 7th Ave.
3640 S. 19th Ave.
11920 W Glendale Ave.
5301 W. Madison St.

Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Tempe
Mesa
Tempe
Phoenix
Phoenix
Glendale
Phoenix

85029
85009
85007
85004
85284
85202
85282
85041
85009
85307
85043

1131 W. Watkins St.
249 S. 51st Ave.

Phoenix
Phoenix

85007
85043

14521 N 115th Ave.
2636 S. Sarival Ave.
218 S. 15th St.
6051 N. 56th Ave.
4038 E. Madison St.
3331 W. Broadway Rd.
7980 W. Buckeye Rd.
3433 W. Earll Dr.
1635 S. 43rd Ave.
708 W. 22nd St.

El Mirage
Goodyear
Phoenix
Glendale
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Phoenix
Tempe

85335
85338
85034
85301
85034
85041
85048
85017
85009
85282

Maricopa County, Arizona

2.3

Procedures for Estimating Emissions from Point Sources

Emission estimates for both the annual 1999 and the average daily ozone season were determined from
annual source emission reports, MCESD investigation reports, permit files and logs, or telephone contacts with
sources. For most of the sources, material balance methods were used for determining emissions. Emissions were
estimated using the emission factors from AP-42, source tests, engineering calculations, or manufacturers'
specifications.
MCESD distributes annual emissions survey forms to nearly all facilities for which MCESD has issued an
operating permit. Facilities are required to report detailed information on stacks, control devices, and process-level
information concerning their annual activities. (See Appendix 2-1 for examples of emissions reports that facilities
submitted to MCESD for 1999). After a facility has submitted an emissions report to MCESD, emissions inventory
staff check all emissions reports for missing and questionable data and check the accuracy and reasonableness of all
emissions calculations with AP-42, the Factor Information and REtrieval (FIRE) software, and other EPA
documentation. Control efficiencies are determined by source tests when available, or by AP-42 factors,
engineering calculations, or manufacturers' specifications otherwise. MCESD has conducted annual emissions
surveys for permitted facilities since 1988, and the department's database system, EMS, contains numerous
automated quality assurance/quality control checks for data input and processing. Thus MCESD is confident that
the information obtained by the emissions reports is reliable.
Rule effectiveness (RE) is applied to those sources affected by a regulation and for which emissions are
determined by means of emission factors and control efficiency estimates. Rule effectiveness of 80 percent is
applied to those sources that calculated emissions using control device capture and control estimates. An alphabetical list and a categorical list of point sources to which rule effectiveness has been applied are provided in Tables
2-3 and 2-4, respectively.
The following equation, from EPA's Handbook for Criteria Pollutant Inventory Development (EPA, 1999),
was used to account for rule effectiveness and seasonal adjustments:
Es =

E a ⋅ Ts
[ 1 − (C e ) (RE)]
D ⋅ Ws

where: Es = Seasonally adjusted emissions (lbs/day)
Ea = Annual emissions of VOC, NOx, or CO (lbs/year)
Ts = Throughput for ozone season as a fraction of annual throughput.
D = Days in operation per week (days/week)
Ws = Weeks of ozone season (weeks/year)
Ce = Control efficiency
RE= Rule effectiveness (80%)
The equation was adapted for annual emissions:
Es = [ (Annual Throughput × EF – (Offsite recycling and disposal) ] · [1 – (Ce) (RE)]
The following examples show how emission estimates were obtained for the point sources listed in Table 2-3.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

24

Maricopa County, Arizona

2.3.1

Example 1: SRP Agua Fria (power plant)

General Facility Information: Salt River Project (SRP) operates a peaking electric generating plant with
three gas/oil-fired boilers and three turbines. The plant is brought on line when extra generating capacity is needed
during periods of peak demand. To provide a reasonable calculation for ozone season daily emissions, SRP provided its operating schedule for the ozone season day during which the most electricity was generated. Since over
99% of the fuel used is natural gas, ozone season daily emissions are calculated as gas-fired. Those emission factors
used by the facility for gas-fired utility boilers and gas turbines were used and applied to the hourly consumption
rate. Total annual emissions from boilers and turbines are summed to obtain the facility's total annual VOC, NOx,
and CO emissions. SRP Agua Fria provided the following information.
1.

Ozone season daily fuel consumption (DFC) under 100% load:
Boilers: 62.08 million cubic feet (MMCF) natural gas
Turbines: 25.14 MMCF natural gas

2.

Annual Fuel Consumption (AFC):
– Boilers: 10,659.82 MMCF of natural gas
4,790 gallons of #6 fuel oil
– Turbines: 713.25 MMCF of natural gas
260 gallons of #2 fuel oil

The emission factors used were based on fuel consumption for both boilers (from AP-42, Tables 1.4-1 and
1.4-2) and turbines (from the EPA FIRE database), as shown below:
SCC
10100601
10100501
20100201
20100101

Source
Natural gas: boilers (lb/MMCF)
Distillate oil: boilers (lb/1000 gal)
Natural gas: turbines (lb/MMCF)
Distillate oil: turbines (lb/1000 gal)

VOC
5.5
0.2
1
2.38

NOx
190
24
462
97.7

CO
84
5
115
6.72

Annual NOx Emissions:
Annual emissions (lbs) = Annual fuel consumption × emission factor
Example calculations for boilers:
Distillate oil boiler emissions = 4,790 gallons/yr × 24 lb NOx/1000 gal
= 115 lbs NOx/yr
Natural gas boiler emissions = 10,659.82 MMCF/yr × 190 lb NOx/MMCF
= 2,025,366 lbs NOx/yr
Total boiler emissions

= 115 + 2,025,366 lbs
= 2,025,481 lbs/yr = 1,012.74 tons NOx/yr

NOx emissions from turbines are calculated similarly using the data provided above.
Total annual NOx emissions

= Total boiler emissions + Total turbine emissions
= 1,012.74 tons + 164.77 tons
= 1,177.51 tons NOx/yr

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

25

Maricopa County, Arizona

Ozone Season Daily NOx Emissions:
Source emissions = daily fuel combustion (DFC) × emission factor = Total lbs/day
Example calculations for natural gas:
Natural gas boilers emissions = 62.083 MMCF/day × 190 lbs/MMCF
= 11,796 lbs NOx/day
Natural gas turbines emissions = 25.139 MMCF/day × 462 lbs/MMCF
= 11,614 lbs NOx/day
Total ozone season daily NOx emissions =
=
=
=
2.3.2

Total boiler emissions + Total turbine emissions
11,796 lbs + 11,614 lbs
23,410 lbs NOx/day
11.71 tons NOx/day

Example 2: Quebecor World – Phoenix Division (printing facility)

General Facility Information: This example is of a printing facility using both cold-set and heat-set
processes. VOC emissions occur from solvent contained in the ink and solvents used for equipment clean up. The
printing line using heat process inks is controlled by a thermal oxidizer, which captures evaporative solvent
emissions from the dryer. A rule effectiveness factor of 80% is applied to account for variations in control
efficiency over time. VOC emissions are calculated using material balances, which are reported on emissions
reports. The following information was provided by the facility.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Total heat-process inks used in 1999 = 1,342,341 gallons.
Total cold-set process inks used in 1999 = 14,252 gallons.
Total isopropyl alcohol (fountain solution) used in 1999 = 3,415 gallons (Isopropyl alcohol is used in the
dampening process.)
Total clean-up solvent used in 1999 = 6,505 gallons.
Total quantity of VOC vented to the control device in 1999 = 410,882 lbs (Includes 409,787 lbs from heat
process inks and 1,095 lbs of the isopropyl alcohol).
Measured efficiency of the control device in 1999 = 99.9% (0.999 lbs recovered/lb captured).
Total quantity of VOC not vented to the control device in 1999 = 22,429 lbs
Operating schedule = 6 days/week; 52 weeks/year. Seasonal point source activity is reported on a June–August
basis, in accordance with EPA guidance; these activity levels were applied to the July–September time period in
calculating season-day emissions.

Example Calculation:
Es =

E a ⋅ Ts
[1 − (C e ) (RE )]
D ⋅ Ws

E s controlled =

(410,882 lbs) ⋅ (0.22)
[1 − (0.999) (0.80)]
(6 days) ⋅ (13 weeks)

Es controlled = 232.7 lbs VOC per ozone season day

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

26

Maricopa County, Arizona

Es uncontrolled = (22,429 lbs) (0.22) = 63.3 lbs VOC per ozone season day
(6 days) (13 weeks)
Es total = (Es controlled) + (Es uncontrolled)
= (232.7) + (63.3)
= 296.0 lbs VOC per ozone season day
2.3.3

Example 3: Chris Fischer Productions Inc. (painting operations)

General Facility Information: This source makes wood furniture, and one of the processes applies a vinyl
seal to the wood. For 1999 the firm reported using 2,626 gallons of sealant with an emission factor of 3.22 lbs
VOC/gallon, obtained from the sealant's MSDS. The company operates 5 days per week, and 30% of operations
occur during the ozone season. Emissions were determined by materials mass balance.
Example Calculation:
Annual VOC = (2,626 gallons) × (3.22 lbs VOC/gal)
= 8,456 lbs/year
Ozone season day VOC emissions = (8,456 lbs) (0.30) = 39.0 lbs VOC/ozone season day
(5 days) (13 weeks)

2.4

Emission Reduction Credits

Two facilities that closed out their equipment during 1999 notified Maricopa County to request that their
emissions continue to be listed in the emission inventory for possible future use as emission reduction credits. These
emission credits were included in the carbon monoxide emission inventory as well. The emission reduction credits
for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides or volatile organic compounds are as follows:
The Scottsdale Princess Cogeneration Partnership: VOC: 3.99 tons
NOx: 98.19 tons
CO: 12.95 tons
Anderson Clayton Oilseed Plant: VOC: 113.93 tons
NOx: 6.40 tons
CO: 2.28 tons
SOx: 0.03 tons
Therefore, the total emission reduction credits in 1999 are 231.37 tons.

2.5

Summary of All Point Source Emissions

There are a total of 188 point sources included in this inventory. Emissions from the 183 point sources
located within the nonattainment area total 5,165 tons VOC, 5,409 tons NOx and 1,756 tons CO per year. Emissions
from five point sources located outside the nonattainment area total 783 tons VOC, 64 tons NOx, and 34 tons CO per
year. The total emissions from all point sources located both within and outside the nonattainment area are 5,949
tons VOC per year, 5,474 tons NOx, and 1,789 tons CO. Table 2-3 lists annual and ozone season day emissions
from all 188 point sources.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

27

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-3. Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources (Alphabetical List)
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # SIC Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
1075 4952 91st Ave. Wastewater Treatment Plant
2.74
18
30.15
1330 2511 A. Forzano & Son Inc.
7.15
48
245 2599 A.F. Lorts Co. Inc.
46.52
447
0.01
1239 3412 AG Products/American Gooseneck Inc.
15.31
100
35541 3317 Allied Tube & Pipe Conduit Corp.
12.36
114
0.41
199 3272 Ameron Pipe
25.07
193
0.58
3313 4911 APS West Phoenix Power Plant
25.50
164 1,430.23
3441 5171 Arco Products Co. / Phoenix Terminal
22.63
116
43135 3088 Arizona Pacific Spas
14.55
134
1476 2511 Aspen Furniture LLC
108.04
798
1331 2517 Aspen II
55.55
427
4028 2752 B & D Litho Inc.
10.94
84
1418 3357 B.F. Goodrich Aircraft Evacuation Sys.
70.00
538
1.28
18 3069 Belden Communications Division
23.74
183
4.21
961 7996 Big Surf
0.31
5
7.52
36485 7312 Billboard Poster Co. Inc.
22.76
210
3528 5171 Brown-Evans Distributing BP#1
10.35
84
458 2431 Bryant Industries Inc.
40.32
310
975 2752 Buse Printing & Advertising
6.69
43
3442 5171 Caljet / Williams
17.29
95
3296 5171 Calvert Oil Co. * †
12.93
74
40927 2521 Case Products
10.21
79
1316 2451 Cavco Industries Inc. (Litchfield Rd.)
24.40
188
1317 2451 Cavco Industries Inc. (35th Ave.)
10.39
80
1318 2451 Cavco Industries Inc. (Durango St.)
31.58
243
16 3441 Cem-Tec Corporation
8.51
65
1310 2752 Century Graphics LLC *
11.04
85
0.08
1426 2759 Cesar Color Inc.
12.40
95
0.02
1303 3111 Chambers Belt Co. Inc.
5.78
44
996 5511 Chapman Chevrolet-Isuzu Inc.
0.87
7
3297 5171 Chevron USA Inc.
23.61
122
3976 2434 Cholla Custom Cabinets Inc.
14.14
109
4083 2431 Chris Fischer Productions Inc.
14.41
133
1074 4952 City of Phoenix 23rd Ave. WWTP
10.48
58 181.06
40233 9511 City of Scottsdale Water Services Div.
3.59
20
8.20
38731 2451 Clayton Homes - El Mirage
11.36
87
25621 8711 CMC Wireless Component
4.79
38
1054 2434 Copperstate Cabinet Co. Inc.
8.89
68
0.01
31570 3052 Copperstate Rubber of Arizona
5.19
43
0.20
1198 2752 Courier Graphics Corp. *
12.71
88
0.27
4023 2431 Creative Shutters Inc.
13.62
84
3744 3089 Desert Sun Fiberglass Systems Ltd.
33.64
259
130 3324 Dolphin Inc.
11.38
95
3.27
36224 7532 Earnhardt Dodge Auto Body
10.22
56
0.10
26 5082 Empire Machinery Co.
12.08
95
35.85
544 2451 Fleetwood Homes of Arizona Inc. #21
17.34
133
27728 3674 Flipchip Technologies
10.91
60
0.30
1375 2511 Forest Designs
19.70
152
779 2752 G & G Printers Inc.
4.84
37
365 2653 Gaylord Container Corp.
12.26
68
2.37
41751 7534 GCR Truck Tire Center *
14.48
111
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

28

NOx
CO
lbs/day tons/yr
173
25.24

CO
lbs/day
143

0

0.00

0

3
4
9,328

0.34
0.48
101.01

2
4
693

7
32
127

2.39
3.37
1.06

26
14
18

1.53

8

1
0

0.07
0.02

1
0

1,187
45

27.48
11.49

109
63

0
1
2

0.01
0.17
0.23

0
1
2

27
1
293

2.73
0.08
22.14

23
0
176

2

0.25

1

18

1.99

15

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-3 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources (Alphabetical List)
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # SIC Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
1437 3672 Hadco Phoenix Inc./ Sanmina Phx. Div. *
41.74
268
9.70
292 2834 Health Factors International Inc.
34.24
263
0.36
31565 3086 Henry Products Inc. *
55.88
516
0.47
1305 2752 Heritage Graphics Inc.
10.95
84
138 2431 Heritage Shutters Inc.
13.15
101
Pinal
Hexcel *†
701.45
4,570
15.79
40222 3663 Hexcel Satellite Products
0.05
0
529 3086 Highland Products Inc. *
72.31
313
0.91
3536 2051 Holsum Bakery Inc. *
22.27
152
8.63
3802 2051 Holsum Bakery (Tempe)
19.80
161
1.10
1059 3724 Honeywell Aerospace Services
17.25
110
1.44
348 3812 Honeywell Air Transport Systems
22.75
125
0.46
247 3728 Honeywell Engines & Systems
6.80
37
2.58
355 3724 Honeywell International Inc.
63.57
401
76.55
1041 3769 Honeywell Satellite Systems Operations
6.69
51
0.62
354 3341 Imsamet of Arizona
0.43
2
18.40
1080 3679 Innovex Southwest Inc. *
11.10
61
1.18
777 3086 Insulfoam*
68.71
405
1.05
31617 3674 Intel Corp. Chandler Campus (Fab 6) *
28.86
162
10.11
3966 3674 Intel Corp. Ocotillo Campus (Fab 12) *
21.29
118
9.46
1483 3479 Interpipe Equipment Inc.
5.70
60
790 3479 Intesys Technologies Inc.
25.05
202
0.37
654 2752 Ironwood Lithographers Inc.
9.63
74
983 3679 Isola Laminate Systems Corp. *
80.55
516
34.78
813 2851 Kelly-Moore Paint Co. Inc. *
51.52
444
788 2431 Kirkwood Shutters Ltd.
6.35
49
341 3088 L & M Laminates and Marble
28.54
220
4182 2511 Legends Furniture Inc.
80.12
616
4360 2752 Litho Tech Inc.
10.19
78
1276 7538 Lou Grubb Chevrolet
3.45
27
3300 9711 Luke Air Force Base*
32.47
218
14.62
744 3325 M.E. West Castings Inc. *
30.44
237
8.99
1248 3088 Maax Spas
73.40
801
4111 2512 Magic Woods Inc.
16.49
127
205 2677 Mail-Well Envelope*
19.08
147
0.96
353 3089 Marlam Industries Inc.
41.37
318
0.04
62 2434 Mastercraft Cabinets Inc.
60.29
626
0.14
1382 2434 McCarthy Cabinet Co.
48.12
296
971 3499 Mechtronics of Arizona Corp.
1.84
14
1200 3674 Medtronic Microelectronics Center*
10.09
55
3326 3281 Mesa Fully Formed Inc.
44.06
339
1414 1442 Mesa Materials Inc.
9.45
87
42.43
83 3446 Metal-Weld Specialties Inc.
13.70
88
192 2521 Meyer & Lundahl Manufacturing Co.
15.19
146
1203 3674 Microchip Technology Inc. (Chandler) *
15.55
85
2.81
1875 3674 Microchip Technology Inc. (Tempe) *
39.07
217
3.18
176 3674 Microsemi Corp.
8.59
79
226 3272 Monier Lifetile LLC
7.58
49
0.77
518 3672 Mosiac Printed Circuits Inc.
15.97
115
881 3674 Motorola Inc. (Chandler) *
39.74
221
9.36
1109 3674 Motorola Inc. (Tempe) *
28.14
155
3.35
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

29

NOx
CO
lbs/day tons/yr
62
8.15
3
0.31
4
0.39

CO
lbs/day
52
2
4

125

12.55

90

7
64
8
3
3
14
421
4
101
8
7
128
108

0.76
7.25
0.92
1.82
0.38
2.17
31.36
0.52
94.17
0.99
0.88
7.31
6.05

6
54
7
6
2
12
172
3
517
7
6
53
40

3

0.31

2

223

12.94

83

70
61

14.12
47.67

78
363

7
0
1

0.81
0.01
0.12

6
0
1

392

15.99

148

15
40

2.28
2.24

12
17

5

0.64

4

83
18

7.27
3.70

47
20

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-3 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources (Alphabetical List)
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # SIC Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
1151 3674 Motorola Logic & Analog Tech Group*
96.80
535
11.51
223 3524 MTD Southwest Inc.
7.09
47
0.35
693 3585 Munters Corp. *
14.51
112
0.18
1190 2434 National Countertops & Cabinet
9.54
61
36939 2834 Naturally Vitamin
7.92
61
0.05
826 3672 Nelco Technology Inc. *
97.73
751
2.29
948 3086 Nesco Manufacturing Inc.
11.89
91
1309 2511 New Directions Inc.
30.62
236
1878 8661 North Phoenix Baptist Church
0.56
4
13.57
3953 2434 Oakcraft Inc.
71.87
995
0.09
27925 2511 Oasis Bedroom Co.
10.65
82
52382 4911 Ocotillo Power Plant
15.48
120 539.75
212 3674 ON Semiconductor*
99.91
554
18.17
3982 2752 O'Neil Printing Inc.
16.37
126
1344 2451 Palm Harbor Homes Inc.
19.71
189
98 4911 Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station*†
30.03
173
49.05
733 7699 Pan-Glo West*
31.43
173
0.63
419 3724 Parker Hannifin GTFSD
32.15
247
1398 3089 Patrician Marble Co. LLP
10.19
63
1116 2431 Patrick Door Inc.
34.38
254
1341 3949 Penn Racquet Sports*
289.15
1,854
4.81
1014 3251 Phoenix Brick Yard
13.47
101
11.71
69 3398 Phoenix Heat Treating Inc.
14.05
77
1.41
562 2711 Phoenix Newspapers Inc.
11.62
64
0.23
30171 4111 Phoenix Transit System
7.34
40
0.45
4050 2051 Pillsbury Bakeries & Food Service
11.96
88
0.51
1154 3449 Ping Inc.
7.43
57
0.20
4007 3479 Precision Truck Painting & Repair Inc.
11.48
88
148 3369 Presto Casting Co.
12.36
95
0.78
1030 2752 Quebecor World - Phoenix Div. *
54.33
300
1.42
991 3479 Randall's VIP Trailers Inc.
7.52
58
1503 2451 Redman Homes Inc.
21.63
166
3773 3089 Redstone Industries Inc. *
3.15
29
303 3411 Rexam Beverage Can Co. *
89.09
489
4.57
545 3672 Rockford Corp.
6.86
53
508 2511 Samuel Lawrence Furniture Co.
64.82
499
0.03
3315 4911 Santan Generating Plant
3.63
32 1,356.64
266 3441 Schuff Steel Co.
17.90
115
0.21
246 2451 Schult Homes †
23.07
185
4278 2431 Scottsdale Shutters Inc.
6.33
49
207 3732 Sea Ray Boats
148.94
1,248
4175 4226 SFPP LP
48.76
268
3.90
Pinal
Sierra Estrella Landfill†
16.00
88
27933 4953 Skunk Creek Landfill
33.87
186
1.97
3316 4911 SRP Agua Fria
31.42
216 1,177.51
3317 4911 SRP Kyrene Steam Plant
1.86
27 124.58
4131 3674 ST Microelectronics
24.20
133
3.27
582 2511 Stone Creek Inc.
19.11
147
388 3086 Storopack Inc.
8.94
69
0.16
27 3632 Sub Zero Freezer Co. Inc. *
27.17
187
0.84
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

30

NOx
CO
lbs/day tons/yr
102
16.80
1
23.78
1
0.15

CO
lbs/day
101
167
1

0
13

0.04
1.92

0
11

104
1

1.96
0.07

15
1

4,405
232

82.79
12.47

696
87

270
5

20.96
0.53

115
4

31
64
8
4
2
4
0

4.04
39.31
1.18
0.15
0.38
0.43
0.17

26
216
6
1
2
3
0

6
8

0.59
31.97

5
180

25

3.84

21

0
12,231
1

0.02
336.71
0.18

0
3,024
1

21

5.51

30

11
8,772
1,599
18

1.97
488.74
39.03
2.75

11
3,545
529
15

1
3

0.13
0.76

1
3

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-3 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources (Alphabetical List)
NOx
VOC
VOC
Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
Sunburst Shutters Inc.
8.75
70
Sunland Beef Co. *
24.69
158
11.37
Supreme Oil Co. *
7.79
40
Team Forms
10.15
78
Team Two Design Associates Inc.
21.58
166
Ted Levine Drum Co.
14.30
110
0.22
Texaco Phoenix Sales Terminal
47.98
124
0.35
The Boeing Company
27.29
210
1.86
The Heil Co.
9.92
76
The Phoenician Resort
13.69
76
50.47
Thornwood Furniture Manufacturing
57.81
445
Thunderbird Furniture
23.28
179
Tosco Phoenix Terminal
9.96
121
Trade Printers Inc.
10.65
102
Treffers Precision Inc.
6.22
48
Trendwood Inc. (University Ave.)
44.18
340
Trendwood Inc. (15th Ave.)
67.08
516
U-Haul Intl. Technical Center
12.62
81
Ultra Installations Inc.
15.27
117
United Dairymen of Arizona
2.43
13
31.60
United Metro Materials Inc. Plant #1
4.27
27
4.56
United Metro Plant #11
15.65
136
10.02
United Metro Plant #12
13.30
99
9.29
United Modular
13.52
104
Valley Industrial Painting
10.26
79
VAW of America Inc. *
37.20
238
17.02
Vulcan Materials Co. Western Div.
1.44
12
5.59
W.R. Meadows of AZ Inc.
146.94
2,588
0.18
Weaver Quality Shutters Inc.
1.89
14
Western Packaging
6.78
52
Western Shutter LLC
19.04
146
Western States Petroleum #107*
14.67
81
WinCup Holdings Inc. *
100.33
617
13.50
Woods Lithgraphics Inc.
15.31
98
Woodstuff Manufacturing Inc.
384.74
2,960
0.16
Wynn's Precision Inc.
14.91
115
5,948.67
43,914 5,473.70
Totals:
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.
ID #
1463
101
3691
40236
3978
1333
3444
249
937
232
552
363
3443
532
782
1210
1211
169
1228
234
201
260
213
89
827
403
2
174
1149
376
4384
2701
20706
3324
72
70

SIC
2431
2011
5171
2752
2511
7997
5171
3721
3799
7011
2511
2511
5171
2761
3471
2511
2511
7538
3087
2023
1442
1442
1442
2452
3479
3354
2951
2899
2431
2671
2431
5171
3086
2752
2511
3069

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

31

NOx
CO
lbs/day tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

66

8.91

51

2
2
14

0.19
0.30
1.82

1
2
14

277

33.06

182

166
29
80
68

26.79
55.51
16.03
15.02

139
356
141
111

109
43
2

11.88
2.53
0.15

76
19
2

83

11.34

70

1

0.13

1

42,123 1,789.15

13,098

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4. Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 0102: Electric Utilities – Fuel Combustion: Fuel Oil
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
3313 APS West Phoenix Power Plant
0.00
0
52382 Ocotillo Power Plant
0.01
0
3316 SRP Agua Fria
0.00
0
3317 SRP Kyrene Steam Plant
0.20
2
0.21
2
0102 Total

NOx
tons/yr
0.30
0.18
0.06
12.25
12.79

NOx
lbs/day
2
4
0
143
148

CO
tons/yr
0.07
0.04
0.01
1.30
1.43

CO
lbs/day
0
1
0
15
16

Tier II Code 0103: Electric Utilities – Fuel Combustion: Natural Gas
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
52382 Ocotillo Power Plant
14.01
109
454.74
3316 SRP Agua Fria
29.31
204 1,012.74
3317 SRP Kyrene Steam Plant
1.50
23
51.72
44.82
337 1,519.20
0103 Total

NOx
lbs/day
3,551
7,048
804
11,402

CO
tons/yr
61.14
447.71
22.86
531.72

CO
lbs/day
477
3,116
356
3,949

Tier II Code 0105: Electric Utilities – Fuel Combustion: Internal Combustion
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
3313 APS West Phoenix Power Plant
23.13
151 1,429.88
52382 Ocotillo Power Plant
0.55
6
84.83
98 Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station †
0.00
0
0.26
3315 Santan Generating Plant
3.06
29 1,356.64
3316 SRP Agua Fria
0.36
4
164.77
3317 SRP Kyrene Steam Plant
0.16
2
60.61
27.26
192 3,096.99
0105 Total
Electric Utilities – Fuel Combustion Total
72.29
530 4,628.98

NOx
CO
lbs/day tons/yr
9,326
100.93
851
21.61
1
0.03
12,231
336.71
1,724
41.01
652
14.86
24,786
515.15
36,336 1,048.29

CO
lbs/day
693
218
0
3,024
429
159
4,523
8,488

Tier II Code 0202: Industrial – Fuel Combustion: Fuel Oil
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr
3966 Intel Corp. Ocotillo Campus (Fab 12)
0.04
1414 Mesa Materials Inc.
0.10
1203 Microchip Technology Inc. (Chandler)
0.01
212 ON Semiconductor
0.00
260 United Metro Plant #11
0.01
213 United Metro Plant #12
0.01
0.18
0202 Total

NOx
lbs/day
66
73
0
1
0
6
145

CO
lbs/day
8
18
0
0
0
2
28

VOC
lbs/day
2
1
0
0
0
0
3

NOx
tons/yr
1.72
7.88
0.14
0.03
1.13
0.94
11.83

CO
tons/yr
0.22
1.97
0.03
0.01
0.28
0.23
2.74

* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

32

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 0203: Industrial – Fuel Combustion: Natural Gas
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
35541 Allied Tube & Pipe Conduit Corp.
0.02
0
0.41
199 Ameron Pipe
0.03
0
0.57
1418 B.F. Goodrich Aircraft Evacuation Sys.
0.02
0
0.36
18 Belden Communications Division
0.22
2
3.95
3442 Caljet / Williams
0.00
0
0.00
1310 Century Graphics LLC *
0.00
0
0.08
1426 Cesar Color Inc.
0.00
0
0.02
1074 City of Phoenix 23rd Ave. WWTP
0.01
0
0.14
1054 Copperstate Cabinet Co. Inc.
0.00
0
0.01
31570 Copperstate Rubber of Arizona
0.01
0
0.20
1198 Courier Graphics Corp.
0.02
0
0.27
130 Dolphin Inc.
0.18
1
3.25
26 Empire Machinery Co.
0.10
1
1.73
27728 Flipchip Technologies
0.02
0
0.30
365 Gaylord Container Corp.
0.13
1
2.37
1437 Hadco Phoenix Inc./ Sanmina Phx. Div.
0.53
3
9.70
292 Health Factors International Inc.
0.02
0
0.36
31565 Henry Products Inc.
0.03
0
0.47
Pinal Hexcel †
0.65
4
13.65
529 Highland Products Inc.
0.05
0
0.91
3802 Holsum Bakery (Tempe)
0.06
0
1.10
3536 Holsum Bakery Inc.
0.47
4
8.63
1059 Honeywell Aerospace Services
0.06
0
1.00
348 Honeywell Air Transport Systems
0.03
0
0.46
247 Honeywell Engines & Systems
0.14
1
2.58
355 Honeywell International Inc.
0.39
2
7.11
1041 Honeywell Satellite Systems Operations
0.03
0
0.62
1080 Innovex Southwest Inc.
0.07
0
1.18
777 Insulfoam
0.06
0
1.05
31617 Intel Corp. Chandler Campus (Fab 6)
0.45
2
8.12
3966 Intel Corp. Ocotillo Campus (Fab 12)
0.26
1
7.74
790 Intesys Technologies Inc.
0.02
0
0.37
983 Isola Laminate Systems Corp. *
0.10
1
1.19
744 M.E. West Castings Inc.
0.35
2
6.33
205 Mail-Well Envelope
0.05
0
0.96
62 Mastercraft Cabinets Inc.
0.01
0
0.14
1203 Microchip Technology Inc. (Chandler)
0.15
1
2.67
1875 Microchip Technology Inc. (Tempe)
0.14
1
2.49
226 Monier Lifetile LLC
0.04
0
0.77
881 Motorola Inc. (Chandler)
0.46
3
8.41
1109 Motorola Inc. (Tempe)
0.24
1
3.35
1151 Motorola Logic & Analog Tech Group
1.08
6
10.34
223 MTD Southwest Inc.
0.02
0
0.29
693 Munters Corp.
0.01
0
0.18
36939 Naturally Vitamin
0.00
0
0.05
826 Nelco Technology Inc.
0.13
1
2.29
3953 Oakcraft Inc.
0.00
0
0.09
212 ON Semiconductor
0.78
4
14.17
733 Pan-Glo West
0.03
0
0.63
1341 Penn Racquet Sports
0.27
2
4.81
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

33

NOx
lbs/day
3
4
0
30
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
27
13
2
18
62
3
4
102
7
8
64
0
3
14
39
4
8
7
36
43
3
8
41
7
1
15
13
5
46
18
57
0
1
0
13
1
78
5
31

CO
tons/yr
0.34
0.48
0.30
3.31
1.53
0.07
0.02
0.12
0.01
0.17
0.23
2.73
1.45
0.25
1.99
8.15
0.31
0.39
10.76
0.76
0.92
7.25
0.84
0.38
2.17
5.97
0.52
0.99
0.88
6.82
5.83
0.31
1.00
5.31
0.81
0.12
2.25
2.09
0.64
7.06
3.70
16.55
0.06
0.15
0.04
1.92
0.07
11.90
0.53
4.04

CO
lbs/day
2
4
0
25
8
2
0
0
0
1
2
23
11
1
15
52
2
4
78
6
7
54
0
2
12
33
3
7
6
31
32
2
6
34
6
1
12
11
4
39
20
91
0
1
0
11
1
65
4
26

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 0203: Industrial – Fuel Combustion: Natural Gas (continued)
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
1014 Phoenix Brick Yard
0.00
0
0.06
69 Phoenix Heat Treating Inc.
0.08
0
1.41
4050 Pillsbury Bakeries & Food Service
0.03
0
0.51
1154 Ping Inc.
0.01
0
0.20
148 Presto Casting Co.
0.04
0
0.71
1030 Quebecor World - Phoenix Div.
0.08
0
1.42
303 Rexam Beverage Can Co.
0.25
1
4.57
508 Samuel Lawrence Furniture Co.
0.00
0
0.03
266 Schuff Steel Co.
0.01
0
0.21
4175 SFPP LP
0.60
3
3.90
4131 ST Microelectronics
0.18
1
3.27
388 Storopack Inc.
0.01
0
0.16
27 Sub Zero Freezer Co. Inc. *
0.03
0
0.84
101 Sunland Beef Co.
0.59
3
11.37
1333 Ted Levine Drum Co.
0.01
0
0.22
3444 Texaco Phoenix Sales Terminal
0.02
0
0.35
234 United Dairymen of Arizona
1.75
9
31.60
201 United Metro Materials Inc. Plant #1
0.03
0
0.51
260 United Metro Plant #11
0.05
0
0.84
213 United Metro Plant #12
0.04
0
0.79
403 VAW of America Inc.
0.59
4
16.84
2 Vulcan Materials Co. Western Div.
0.00
0
0.04
174 W.R. Meadows of AZ Inc.
0.01
0
0.18
20706 WinCup Holdings Inc.
0.72
4
13.50
72 Woodstuff Manufacturing Inc.
0.01
0
0.16
13.06
77
231.48
0203 Total

NOx
lbs/day
0
8
4
0
5
8
25
0
1
21
18
1
3
66
2
2
166
3
8
6
108
0
2
83
1
1,389

CO
tons/yr
0.05
1.18
0.43
0.17
0.59
31.97
3.84
0.02
0.18
5.51
2.75
0.13
0.76
8.91
0.19
0.30
26.79
0.43
0.71
0.66
9.08
0.04
0.15
11.34
0.13
230.76

CO
lbs/day
0
6
3
0
5
180
21
0
1
30
15
1
3
51
1
2
139
3
6
5
58
0
2
70
1
1,362

Tier II Code 0204: Industrial – Fuel Combustion: Other Fuel
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
245 A.F. Lorts Co. Inc.
0.00
0
1059 Honeywell Aerospace Services
1.39
9
355 Honeywell International Inc.
5.83
32
353 Marlam Industries Inc.
0.00
0
98 Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station †
0.77
4
8.00
45
0204 Total

NOx
lbs/day
0
3
382
0
10
395

CO
tons/yr
0.00
0.99
25.39
0.01
7.04
33.42

CO
lbs/day
0
6
139
0
39
185

NOx
lbs/day
3
7
2
1,160
45
280
92

CO
tons/yr
0.03
2.08
0.06
23.09
11.49
20.68
0.49

CO
lbs/day
1
14
0
87
63
165
23

NOx
tons/yr
0.01
0.44
69.44
0.04
1.80
71.73

Tier II Code 0205: Industrial – Fuel Combustion: Internal Combustion
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
1075 91st Ave. Wastewater Treatment Plant
0.01
0
0.14
1418 B.F. Goodrich Aircraft Evacuation Sys.
0.14
1
0.92
18 Belden Communications Division
0.02
0
0.26
1074 City of Phoenix 23rd Ave. WWTP
10.16
56
175.83
40233 City of Scottsdale Water Services Division
3.59
20
8.20
26 Empire Machinery Co.
7.24
58
34.12
31617 Intel Corp. Chandler Campus (Fab 6)
0.09
4
1.99
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

34

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 0205: Industrial – Fuel Combustion: Internal Combustion (continued)
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day
3300 Luke AFB
0.00
0
0.60
5
1875 Microchip Technology Inc. (Tempe)
0.06
2
0.69
27
881 Motorola Inc. (Chandler)
0.08
3
0.95
36
1151 Motorola Logic & Analog Tech Group
0.08
3
1.17
45
223 MTD Southwest Inc.
4.40
30
0.04
0
212 ON Semiconductor
0.16
6
3.98
153
98 Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station †
0.30
2
2.76
15
26.33
186
231.66
1,870
0205 Total
Industrial – Fuel Combustion Total
47.56
311
546.70
3,799

CO
tons/yr
0.56
0.15
0.20
0.25
23.70
0.56
2.10
85.45
352.38

CO
lbs/day
4
6
8
10
167
21
12
579
2,153

Tier II Code 0302: Other Fuel Combustion: Commercial/ Institutional Fuel Oil
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
98 Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station †
1.13
6
44.23
1.13
6
44.23
0302 Total

NOx
lbs/day
243
243

CO
tons/yr
11.79
11.79

CO
lbs/day
65
65

Tier II Code 0303: Other Fuel Combustion: Commercial/ Institutional Natural Gas
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day
961 Big Surf
0.31
5
7.52
127
36224 Earnhardt Dodge Auto Body
0.01
0
0.10
1
3300 Luke Air Force Base
0.33
1
6.02
13
223 MTD Southwest Inc.
0.00
0
0.02
0
1878 North Phoenix Baptist Church
0.56
4
13.57
104
562 Phoenix Newspapers Inc.
0.01
0
0.23
4
30171 Phoenix Transit System
0.02
0
0.45
2
249 The Boeing Company
0.10
1
1.86
14
232 The Phoenician Resort
13.32
73
50.47
277
14.66
84
80.23
543
0303 Total

CO
tons/yr
1.06
0.08
5.06
0.02
1.96
0.15
0.38
1.56
33.06
43.31

CO
lbs/day
18
0
11
0
15
1
2
12
182
241

Tier II Code 0304: Other Fuel Combustion: Miscellaneous Fuel Combustion
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
3300 Luke Air Force Base
10.37
79
7.57
10.37
79
7.57
0304 Total
Other Fuel Combustion Total
26.15
170
132.03

CO
tons/yr
8.24
8.24
63.35

CO
lbs/day
62
62
368

NOx
lbs/day
49
49
835

* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

35

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 0403: Chemical & Allied Manufacturing: Polymer & Resin
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
Pinal Hexcel *†
124.95
806
1.29
40222 Hexcel Satellite Products
0.01
0
124.96
806
1.29
0403 Total

NOx
lbs/day
17

CO
tons/yr
1.08

CO
lbs/day
7

17

1.08

7

Tier II Code 0405: Chemical & Allied Manufacturing: Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Enamels
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
CO
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
813 Kelly-Moore Paint Co. Inc. *
51.52
444
51.52
444
0405 Total
Tier II Code 0406: Chemical & Allied Manufacturing: Pharmaceuticals
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
36939 Naturally Vitamin
7.92
61
7.92
61
0406 Total
Chemical & Allied Manufacturing Total
184.40
1,311
1.29

CO
lbs/day

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

17

1.08

7

NOx
tons/yr
18.40
0.08
0.19
18.66

NOx
lbs/day
101
1
1
103

CO
tons/yr
94.17

CO
lbs/day
517

2.80
96.97

18
535

NOx
tons/yr
0.02
2.66

NOx
lbs/day
0
21

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

42.36

328

2.68

21

42.36

328

NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day
M.E. West Castings Inc. *
5.89
47
Phoenix Heat Treating Inc.
0.06
0
Presto Casting Co.
4.34
33
0503 Total
10.29
81
61.82
451
21.34
124
Metals Processing Total
= Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
= Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

139.33

864

Tier II Code 0501: Metals Processing: Non-Ferrous Processing
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
354 Imsamet of Arizona
0.43
2
148 Presto Casting Co.
0.08
1
403 VAW of America Inc.
2.62
17
3.12
20
0501 Total
Tier II Code 0502: Metals Processing: Ferrous Metals Processing
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
130 Dolphin Inc.
10.34
86
744 M.E. West Castings Inc. *
24.15
188
69 Phoenix Heat Treating Inc.
13.91
76
48.41
350
0502 Total
Tier II Code 0503: Metals Processing: Other
ID #
744
69
148
*
†

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

36

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 0701: Other Industrial Processes: Agriculture, Food & Kindred Products
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day
292 Health Factors International Inc.
34.22
263
3802 Holsum Bakery (Tempe)
19.74
152
3536 Holsum Bakery Inc. *
21.80
158
4050 Pillsbury Bakeries & Food Service
11.93
88
101 Sunland Beef Co. *
19.29
124
234 United Dairymen of Arizona
0.46
3
107.44
787
0701 Total

Tier II Code 0702: Other Industrial Processes: Textiles, Leather & Apparel Products
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day
101 Sunland Beef Co.
3.27
21
3.27
21
0702 Total
Tier II Code 0703: Other Industrial Processes: Wood, Pulp, Paper, & Publishing Products
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day
1248 Maax Spas
5.56
60
693 Munters Corp. *
14.50
112
20.07
171
0703 Total
Tier II Code 0704: Other Industrial Processes: Rubber & Miscellaneous Plastic Products
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day
43135 Arizona Pacific Spas
14.55
134
18 Belden Communications Division
1.38
11
31570 Copperstate Rubber of Arizona
5.18
43
529 Highland Products Inc. *
72.26
312
777 Insulfoam *
68.65
405
341 L & M Laminates and Marble
28.54
220
1248 Maax Spas
62.58
674
353 Marlam Industries Inc.
5.55
43
388 Storopack Inc.
8.93
69
1228 Ultra Installations Inc.
15.27
117
20706 WinCup Holdings Inc. *
92.56
570
375.45
2,597
0704 Total
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

37

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category (continued)
Tier II Code 0705: Other Industrial Processes: Mineral Products
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
226 Monier Lifetile LLC
0.76
5
1014 Phoenix Brick Yard
1.40
8
201 United Metro Materials Inc. Plant #1
2.75
18
260 United Metro Plant #11
13.70
123
213 United Metro Plant #12
12.86
96
2 Vulcan Materials Co. Western Div.
1.27
10
32.74
259
0705 Total
Tier II Code 0707: Other Industrial Processes: Electronic Equipment
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
1080 Innovex Southwest Inc. *
8.22
45
3966 Intel Corp. Ocotillo Campus (Fab 12) *
20.98
115
1203 Microchip Technology Inc. (Chandler) *
0.22
1
176 Microsemi Corp.
6.20
57
518 Mosiac Printed Circuits Inc.
15.97
115
51.60
334
0707 Total

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

11.65
4.05
8.06
7.56
5.55
36.87

64
26
72
56
43
261

39.26
55.08
15.04
14.12
2.49
125.99

216
353
135
105
19
828

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

0.01

0

0.27
126.26

2
830

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

Tier II Code 0710: Other Industrial Processes: Miscellaneous Industrial Processes
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day
199 Ameron Pipe
15.99
123
25621 CMC Wireless Component
4.79
38
130 Dolphin Inc.
0.06
0
31565 Henry Products Inc. *
55.64
514
Pinal Hexcel *†
0.04
2
0.01
0
1080 Innovex Southwest Inc.
0.03
0
1248 Maax Spas
4.06
55
212 ON Semiconductor *
98.89
543
98 Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station †
3.93
22
1341 Penn Racquet Sports *
288.89
1,852
472.35
3,148
0.01
0
0710 Total
Other Industrial Processes Total 1,062.88
7,318
36.88
262
Tier II Code 0801: Solvent Utilization: Degreasing
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
1075 91st Ave. Wastewater Treatment Plant
0.91
7
199 Ameron Pipe
3.03
23
3313 APS West Phoenix Power Plant
0.06
0
18 Belden Communications Division
7.15
55
1074 City of Phoenix 23rd Ave. WWTP
0.03
0
130 Dolphin Inc.
0.62
5
26 Empire Machinery Co.
0.41
3
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

38

NOx
lbs/day

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 0801: Solvent Utilization: Degreasing (continued)
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
1437 Hadco Phoenix Inc./ Sanmina Phx. Div.
0.80
5
31565 Henry Products Inc.
0.06
1
1059 Honeywell Aerospace Services
15.14
97
348 Honeywell Air Transport Systems
15.57
86
247 Honeywell Engines & Systems
6.22
34
355 Honeywell International Inc.
56.00
359
983 Isola Laminate Systems Corp.
0.75
5
3300 Luke Air Force Base
2.16
17
971 Mechtronics of Arizona Corp.
0.36
3
83 Metal-Weld Specialties Inc.
4.15
27
176 Microsemi Corp.
0.20
2
223 MTD Southwest Inc.
1.58
12
52382 Ocotillo Power Plant
0.31
2
98 Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station †
1.85
10
733 Pan-Glo West *
16.23
89
419 Parker Hannifin GTFSD
3.23
25
1014 Phoenix Brick Yard
11.88
91
562 Phoenix Newspapers Inc.
0.88
5
30171 Phoenix Transit System
3.44
19
1154 Ping Inc.
0.07
1
1503 Redman Homes Inc.
0.41
3
3315 Santan Generating Plant
0.45
2
266 Schuff Steel Co.
1.43
9
3316 SRP Agua Fria
0.48
2
27 Sub Zero Freezer Co. Inc.
13.82
84
101 Sunland Beef Co.
1.55
10
1333 Ted Levine Drum Co.
0.16
1
249 The Boeing Company
19.09
147
782 Treffers Precision Inc.
4.33
33
169 U-Haul Intl. Technical Center
6.80
44
234 United Dairymen of Arizona
0.22
1
201 United Metro Materials Inc. Plant #1
0.52
3
260 United Metro Plant #11
0.27
2
213 United Metro Plant #12
0.03
0
89 United Modular
1.85
14
403 VAW of America Inc. *
33.99
218
20706 WinCup Holdings Inc.
7.05
43
70 Wynn's Precision Inc.
3.68
28
249.21
1,627
0801 Total

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
4028 B & D Litho Inc.
10.94
84
36485 Billboard Poster Co. Inc.
22.76
210
975 Buse Printing & Advertising
6.69
43
1310 Century Graphics LLC *
11.04
85
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

Tier II Code 0802 Solvent Utilization: Graphic Arts

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

39

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 0802 Solvent Utilization: Graphic Arts (continued)
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
1426 Cesar Color Inc.
12.40
95
1198 Courier Graphics Corp. *
12.69
88
779 G & G Printers Inc.
4.84
37
365 Gaylord Container Corp.
12.13
67
31565 Henry Products Inc.
0.16
2
1305 Heritage Graphics Inc.
10.95
84
654 Ironwood Lithographers Inc.
9.63
74
4360 Litho Tech Inc.
10.19
78
205 Mail-Well Envelope *
19.03
146
3982 O'Neil Printing Inc.
16.37
126
562 Phoenix Newspapers Inc.
10.39
57
1030 Quebecor World - Phoenix Div. *
54.26
299
40236 Team Forms
10.15
78
532 Trade Printers Inc.
10.65
102
376 Western Packaging
6.78
52
3324 Woods Lithgraphics Inc.
15.31
98
267.34
1,907
0802 Total

NOx
tons/yr

Tier II Code 0804: Solvent Utilization: Surface Coating
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
1330 A. Forzano & Son Inc.
7.15
48
245 A.F. Lorts Co. Inc.
46.52
447
1239 AG Products/American Gooseneck Inc.
15.31
100
35541 Allied Tube & Pipe Conduit Corp.
12.33
114
199 Ameron Pipe
5.81
45
1476 Aspen Furniture LLC
108.04
798
1331 Aspen II
55.55
427
1418 B.F. Goodrich Aircraft Evacuation Sys.
69.84
537
18 Belden Communications Division
14.93
115
458 Bryant Industries Inc.
40.32
310
40927 Case Products
10.21
79
1316 Cavco Industries Inc. (Litchfield Rd.)
24.40
188
1317 Cavco Industries Inc. (35th Ave.)
10.39
80
1318 Cavco Industries Inc. (Durango St.)
31.58
243
16 Cem-Tec Corporation
8.51
65
1303 Chambers Belt Co. Inc.
5.78
44
3976 Cholla Custom Cabinets Inc.
14.14
109
4083 Chris Fischer Productions Inc.
14.41
133
38731 Clayton Homes – El Mirage
11.36
87
1054 Copperstate Cabinet Co. Inc.
8.89
68
4023 Creative Shutters Inc.
13.62
84
3744 Desert Sun Fiberglass Systems Ltd.
33.64
259
130 Dolphin Inc.
0.13
1
36224 Earnhardt Dodge Auto Body
10.22
56
26 Empire Machinery Co.
3.10
24
544 Fleetwood Homes of Arizona Inc. #21
17.34
133
27728 Flipchip Technologies
10.89
60
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

40

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 0804: Solvent Utilization: Surface Coating (continued)
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
1375 Forest Designs
19.70
152
41751 GCR Truck Tire Center
14.45
111
1437 Hadco Phoenix Inc./Sanmina Phx. Div. *
40.40
259
138 Heritage Shutters Inc.
13.15
101
Pinal Hexcel *†
563.91
3,674
0.22
40222 Hexcel Satellite Products
0.04
0
1059 Honeywell Aerospace Services
0.66
4
348 Honeywell Air Transport Systems
2.62
14
247 Honeywell Engines & Systems
0.33
2
355 Honeywell International Inc.
0.54
3
1041 Honeywell Satellite Systems Operations
6.66
51
1080 Innovex Southwest Inc.
2.78
15
1483 Interpipe Equipment Inc.
5.70
60
790 Intesys Technologies Inc.
25.03
202
983 Isola Laminate Systems Corp. *
79.70
511
33.60
788 Kirkwood Shutters Ltd.
6.35
49
4182 Legends Furniture Inc.
80.12
616
1276 Lou Grubb Chevrolet
2.69
21
3300 Luke Air Force Base *
2.74
21
1248 Maax Spas
1.19
13
4111 Magic Woods Inc.
16.49
127
353 Marlam Industries Inc.
35.82
276
62 Mastercraft Cabinets Inc.
60.28
626
1382 McCarthy Cabinet Co.
48.12
296
971 Mechtronics of Arizona Corp.
1.48
11
1200 Medtronic Microelectronics Center *
10.09
55
3326 Mesa Fully Formed Inc.
44.06
339
83 Metal-Weld Specialties Inc.
9.56
61
192 Meyer & Lundahl Manufacturing Co.
15.19
146
1203 Microchip Technology Inc. (Chandler) *
13.73
75
1875 Microchip Technology Inc. (Tempe) *
25.34
139
176 Microsemi Corp.
2.19
20
226 Monier Lifetile LLC
6.78
43
881 Motorola Inc. (Chandler) *
39.20
215
1109 Motorola Inc. (Tempe) *
27.60
152
1151 Motorola Logic & Analog Tech Group *
92.70
509
1190 National Countertops & Cabinet
9.54
61
826 Nelco Technology Inc. *
97.41
749
948 Nesco Manufacturing Inc.
11.89
91
1309 New Directions Inc.
30.62
236
3953 Oakcraft Inc.
71.87
995
27925 Oasis Bedroom Co.
10.65
82
1344 Palm Harbor Homes Inc.
19.71
189
98 Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station †
8.20
45
733 Pan-Glo West *
15.16
83
1398 Patrician Marble Co. LLP
10.19
63
1116 Patrick Door Inc.
34.38
254
30171 Phoenix Transit System
3.29
18
1154 Ping Inc.
7.24
56
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

41

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

2

0.19

1

215

11.94

77

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 0804: Solvent Utilization: Surface Coating (continued)
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
4007 Precision Truck Painting & Repair Inc.
11.48
88
991 Randall's VIP Trailers Inc.
7.52
58
1503 Redman Homes Inc.
14.10
108
3773 Redstone Industries Inc.
0.31
3
303 Rexam Beverage Can Co. *
88.83
488
508 Samuel Lawrence Furniture Co.
64.81
499
3315 Santan Generating Plant
0.08
0
266 Schuff Steel Co.
16.20
104
246 Schult Homes †
23.07
185
4278 Scottsdale Shutters Inc.
6.33
49
207 Sea Ray Boats
146.07
1,224
3316 SRP Agua Fria
1.24
7
582 Stone Creek Inc.
19.11
147
27 Sub Zero Freezer Co. Inc. *
13.32
102
1463 Sunburst Shutters Inc.
8.75
70
3978 Team Two Design Associates Inc.
21.58
166
1333 Ted Levine Drum Co.
14.14
109
249 The Boeing Company
7.15
55
937 The Heil Co.
9.92
76
552 Thornwood Furniture Manufacturing
57.81
445
363 Thunderbird Furniture
23.28
179
782 Treffers Precision Inc.
1.89
15
1210 Trendwood Inc. (University Ave.)
44.18
340
1211 Trendwood Inc. (15th Ave.)
67.08
516
169 U-Haul Intl. Technical Center
5.11
33
89 United Modular
11.68
90
827 Valley Industrial Painting
10.26
79
1149 Weaver Quality Shutters Inc.
1.89
14
4384 Western Shutter LLC
19.04
146
72 Woodstuff Manufacturing Inc.
384.74
2,960
70 Wynn's Precision Inc.
11.22
86
3,364.05
24,989
0804 Total

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

33.82

217

12.13

78

NOx
lbs/day
4

CO
tons/yr
0.51

CO
lbs/day
3

Tier II Code 0805: Solvent Utilization: Other Industrial
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
Pinal Hexcel *†
11.89
84
0.61
348 Honeywell Air Transport Systems
4.54
25
31617 Intel Corp. Chandler Campus (Fab 6) *
28.33
156
1203 Microchip Technology Inc. (Chandler) *
1.44
8
1875 Microchip Technology Inc. (Tempe) *
13.54
74
826 Nelco Technology Inc.
0.20
2
212 ON Semiconductor
0.07
0
419 Parker Hannifin GTFSD
28.92
222
562 Phoenix Newspapers Inc.
0.34
2
148 Presto Casting Co.
7.90
61
1503 Redman Homes Inc.
7.12
55
3773 Redstone Industries Inc. *
2.85
26
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

42

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 0805: Solvent Utilization: Other Industrial (continued)
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
545 Rockford Corp.
6.86
53
4131 ST Microelectronics
24.02
132
249 The Boeing Company
0.44
3
174 W.R. Meadows of AZ Inc.
146.93
2,587
285.38
3,490
0805 Total

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

0.61

4

0.51

3

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

34.43

221

12.64

81

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

Tier II Code 0806: Solvent Utilization: Non-Industrial
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr
98 Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station †
3.42
3.42
0806 Total
Solvent Utilization Total 4,169.41

VOC
lbs/day
26
26
32,040

Tier II Code 0901: Storage & Transport: Bulk Terminals & Plants
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
3441 Arco Products Co. / Phoenix Terminal
22.63
116
3528 Brown-Evans Distributing BP#1
10.34
84
3442 Caljet / Williams
17.29
95
3296 Calvert Oil Co. *†
12.72
72
3297 Chevron USA Inc.
23.61
122
4175 SFPP LP
48.16
265
3691 Supreme Oil Co. *
7.30
37
3444 Texaco Phoenix Sales Terminal
21.72
124
3443 Tosco Phoenix Terminal
9.96
121
2701 Western States Petroleum #107 *
13.87
76
187.59
1,113
0901 Total

Tier II Code 0902: Storage & Transport: Petroleum & Petroleum Products Storage
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day
1075 91st Ave. Wastewater Treatment Plant
0.17
1
199 Ameron Pipe
0.22
2
3313 APS West Phoenix Power Plant
2.30
13
18 Belden Communications Division
0.05
0
3528 Brown-Evans Distributing BP#1
0.01
0
3296 Calvert Oil Co. †
0.21
2
996 Chapman Chevrolet-Isuzu Inc.
0.87
7
247 Honeywell Engines & Systems
0.10
1
355 Honeywell International Inc.
0.65
4
1276 Lou Grubb Chevrolet
0.76
6
3300 Luke Air Force Base
7.09
47
744 M.E. West Castings Inc.
0.04
0
223 MTD Southwest Inc.
1.10
5
52382 Ocotillo Power Plant
0.60
3
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

43

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 0902: Storage & Transport: Petroleum & Petroleum Products Storage
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day
98 Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station *†
8.80
48
1014 Phoenix Brick Yard
0.18
1
30171 Phoenix Transit System
0.58
3
1154 Ping Inc.
0.11
1
3315 Santan Generating Plant
0.04
0
266 Schuff Steel Co.
0.26
2
27933 Skunk Creek Landfill
0.59
3
3316 SRP Agua Fria
0.03
0
3317 SRP Kyrene Steam Plant
0.01
0
3691 Supreme Oil Co.
0.49
3
249 The Boeing Company
0.51
4
232 The Phoenician Resort
0.37
2
201 United Metro Materials Inc. Plant #1
0.96
6
260 United Metro Plant #11
1.62
10
213 United Metro Plant #12
0.36
2
2 Vulcan Materials Co. Western Div.
0.17
2
2701 Western States Petroleum #107 *
0.80
4
30.04
182
0902 Total
Tier II Code 0904: Storage & Transport: Organic Chemical Storage
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
169 U-Haul Intl. Technical Center
0.71
5
0.71
5
0904 Total
Tier II Code 0907: Storage & Transport: Organic Chemical Storage
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
355 Honeywell International Inc.
0.15
1
207 Sea Ray Boats
2.86
24
3.01
25
0907 Total
Tier II Code 0911: Storage & Transport: Bulk Materials Storage
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
1414 Mesa Materials Inc.
9.35
86
9.35
86
0911 Total
Storage & Transport Total
230.71
1,415

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

NOx
tons/yr
34.55
34.55
34.55

NOx
lbs/day
319
319
319

CO
tons/yr
14.02
14.02
14.02

CO
lbs/day
129
129
129

Tier II Code 1003: Waste Disposal & Recycling: Publicly Owned Wastewater Treatment (POTW)
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
CO
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr
1075 91st Ave. Wastewater Treatment Plant
1.65
9
30.01
170
25.21
1074 City of Phoenix 23rd Ave. WWTP
0.28
1
5.08
27
4.27
1151 Motorola Logic & Analog Tech Group
2.94
16
4.87
27
35.09
196
29.48
1003 Total
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

44

CO
lbs/day
142
23
165

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-4 (continued). Annual and Ozone Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier II Code 1005: Waste Disposal & Recycling: Treatment, Storage, Disposal Facilities
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day
1437 Hadco Phoenix Inc./ Sanmina Phx. Div.
0.02
0
0.02
0
1005 Total

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

Tier II Code 1006: Waste Disposal & Recycling: Landfills
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr
27933 Skunk Creek Landfill
33.28
Pinal Sierra Estrella Landfill **
16.00
49.28
1006 Total

VOC
lbs/day
183
88
271

NOx
tons/yr
1.97

NOx
lbs/day
11

CO
tons/yr
1.97

CO
lbs/day
11

1.97

11

1.97

11

Tier II Code 1007: Waste Disposal & Recycling: Other
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr
130 Dolphin Inc.
0.05
3300 Luke Air Force Base *
9.79
9.84
1007 Total
Waste Disposal & Recycling Total
64.00

VOC
lbs/day
0
54
54
352

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

0.43
0.43
37.49

3
3
210

0.26
0.26
31.71

2
2
177

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

Tier II Code 1403: Miscellaneous: Catastrophic/Accidental Releases
VOC
VOC
ID # Business Name
tons/yr lbs/day
3444 Texaco Phoenix Sales Terminal
26.24
0
26.24
0
1403 Total
Tier II Code 1404: Miscellaneous: Repair Shops
VOC
tons/yr
1.23
1.23

VOC
lbs/day
10
10

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

VOC
tons/yr
0.30
1.64
1.93
29.40

VOC
lbs/day
2
9
11
20

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

VOC
tons/yr

VOC
lbs/day

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

Grand Total
5,948.67
43,914 5,473.70
* = Rule effectiveness (80 percent) has been applied to the emissions calculation.
† = Point source is outside the nonattainment area.

42,123 1,789.07

13,098

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

Maricopa County, Arizona

ID # Business Name
26 Empire Machinery Co.
1404 Total
Tier II Code 1406: Miscellaneous: Cooling Towers
ID # Business Name
1109 Motorola Inc. (Tempe)
98 Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station †
1406 Total
Miscellaneous Processes Total

Grand Total of All Categories

45

Table 2-5. Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Tier Code Category
Tier
code Category
Electric Utilities – Fuel Combustion:
0102 Fuel Oil
0103 Natural Gas
0105 Internal Combustion
Subtotal

VOC
tons/yr

VOC
lbs/day

NOx
tons/yr

0.21
44.82
27.26
72.29

2
337
191
530

12.86
1,519.14
3,096.99
4,628.99

Industrial – Fuel Combustion:
0202 Fuel Oil
0203 Natural Gas
0204 Other Fuel
0205 Internal Combustion
Subtotal

0.18
13.06
8.00
26.33
47.56

3
77
45
186
311

11.83
231.48
71.73
231.66
546.70

145
1,389
395
1,870
3,799

2.74
230.76
33.42
85.45
352.38

28
1,362
185
579
2,153

Other Fuel Combustion: Commercial/ Institutional:
0302 Fuel Oil
0303 Natural Gas
0304 Miscellaneous Fuel Combustion
Subtotal

1.13
14.66
10.37
26.15

6
84
79
170

44.23
80.23
7.57
132.03

243
543
49
835

11.79
43.31
8.24
63.35

65
241
62
368

124.96
51.52
7.92
184.40

806
444
61
1,311

1.29

17

1.08

7

1.29

17

1.08

7

3.12
48.41
10.29
61.82

20
350
81
451

18.66
2.68

103
21

96.97
42.36

535
328

21.34

124

139.33

864

Other Industrial Processes:
0701 Agriculture, Food & Kindred Products
0702 Textiles, Leather & Apparel Products
0703 Wood, Pulp, Paper, & Pub. Products
0704 Rubber & Misc. Plastic Products
0705 Mineral Products
0707 Electronic Equipment
0710 Miscellaneous Industrial Processes
Subtotal

107.44
3.27
20.07
375.45
32.74
51.60
472.35
1,062.92

787
21
171
2,597
259
334
3,148
7,318

36.87

261

125.99

828

0.01
36.88

0
262

0.27
126.26

2
830

Solvent Utilization:
0801 Degreasing
0802 Graphic Arts
0804 Surface Coating
0805 Other Industrial
0806 Non-Industrial
Subtotal

249.21
267.34
3,364.05
285.38
3.42
4,169.41

1,627
1,907
24,989
3,490
26
32,040

33.82
0.61

217
4

12.13
0.51

78
3

34.43

221

12.64

81

Chemical & Allied Manufacturing:
0403 Polymer & Resin
0405 Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Enamels
0406 Pharmaceuticals
Subtotal
Metals Processing:
0501 Non-Ferrous Processing
0502 Ferrous Metals Processing
0503 Other
Subtotal

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

46

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

148
1.43
11,402
531.72
24,786
515.15
36,336 1,048.29

16
3,949
4,523
8,488

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-5 (continued). Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions from All Point Sources, by Category
Tier
code Category
Storage & Transport:
0901 Bulk Terminals & Plants
0902 Petroleum & Petroleum Products Storage
0904 Service Stations: Stage I
0907 Organic Chemical Storage
0911 Bulk Materials Storage
Subtotal

VOC
tons/yr

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
lbs/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
lbs/day

34.55
34.55

319
319

14.02
14.02

129
129

187.59
30.04
0.71
3.01
9.35
230.71

1,113
182
5
25
86
1,415

4.87
0.02
49.28
9.84
64.00

27
0
271
54
352

35.09

196

29.48

165

1.97
0.43
37.49

11
3
210

1.97
0.26
31.71

11
2
177

26.24
1.23
1.93
29.40
5,948.67

0
9
11
20
43,914

5,473.70

42,123 1,789.07

13,098

Waste Disposal & Recycling:
1003 Publicly Owned Treatment Works
1005 Treatment, Storage & Disposal Facilities
1006 Landfills
1007 Other
Subtotal
Miscellaneous:
1403 Catastrophic/Accidental Releases
1404 Repair Shops
1406 Cooling Towers
Subtotal
Grand Total:

VOC
lbs/day

Table 2-6. Summary of Annual and Season Day Point Source VOC Emissions by Category and Location
Tier
Code Category
Electric Utilities – Fuel Combustion:
0102
Fuel Oil
0103
Natural Gas
0105
Internal Combustion
Industrial – Fuel Combustion:
0202
Fuel Oil
0203
Natural Gas
0204
Other Fuel
0205
Internal Combustion
Other Fuel Combustion: Commercial/ Institutional:
0302
Fuel Oil
0303
Natural Gas
0304
Miscellaneous Fuel Combustion
Chemical & Allied Manufacturing:
0403
Polymer & Resin
0405
Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Enamels
0406
Pharmaceuticals
Metals Processing:
0501
Non-Ferrous Processing
0502
Ferrous Metals Processing
0503
Other

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

Inside NAA
VOC
VOC
tons/yr
lbs/day

47

0.21
44.82
27.26

2
337
191

0.18
12.41
7.23
25.03

3
69
41
184

14.66
10.37

84
79

0.01
51.52
7.92

0
444
61

3.12
48.41
10.29

20
350
81

Outside NAA
VOC
VOC
tons/yr
lbs/day

0.65
0.77
0.30

4
4
2

1.13

6

124.95

806

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 2-6 (cont'd.) Summary of Annual and Season Day Point Source VOC Emissions by Category and Location
Inside NAA
VOC
VOC
tons/yr
lbs/day

Tier
Code Category
Other Industrial Processes:
0701
Agriculture, Food & Kindred Products
0702
Textiles, Leather & Apparel Products
0703
Wood, Pulp, Paper, & Publishing Products
0704
Rubber & Miscellaneous Plastic Products
0705
Mineral Products
0707
Electronic Equipment
0710
Miscellaneous Industrial Processes
Solvent Utilization:
0801
Degreasing
0802
Graphic Arts
0804
Surface Coating
0805
Other Industrial
0806
Non-Industrial
Storage & Transport:
0901
Bulk Terminals & Plants
0902
Petroleum & Petroleum Products Storage
0904
Service Stations: Stage I
0907
Organic Chemical Storage
0911
Bulk Materials Storage
Waste Disposal & Recycling:
1003
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
1005
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities
1006
Landfills
1007
Other
Miscellaneous:
1403
Catastrophic/Accidental Releases
1404
Repair Shops
1406
Cooling Towers
Totals:

2.6

107.44
3.27
20.07
375.45
32.74
51.60
468.34

787
21
171
2,597
259
334
3,125

247.36
267.34
2,768.87
273.49

1,617
1,907
21,085
3,407

174.87
21.03
0.71
3.01
9.35

1,041
133
5
25
86

4.87
0.02
33.28
9.84

27
0
183
54

26.24
1.23
0.29
5,165.19

0
9
2
38,825

Outside NAA
VOC
VOC
tons/yr
lbs/day

3.97

23

1.85

10

595.18
11.89
3.42

3,904
84
26

12.72
9.01

72
50

16.00

88

1.64
783.48

9
5,089

References for Section 2

Maricopa County Environmental Services Department, 1993. 1990 Base Year Carbon Monoxide Emission
Inventory. August 1993.
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department, 1993. 1990 Base Year Ozone Emission Inventory.
August 1993.
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department, 1996. 1993 Ozone Periodic Emission Inventory.
August 1996.
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department, 1999. 1996 Ozone Periodic Emission Inventory.
November 1999.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995, et seq. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Vol. I
& II, AP-42.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Handbook for Criteria Pollutant Inventory Development: A
Beginner's Guide for Point and Area Sources. EPA-454/R-99-037. September 1999.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

48

Maricopa County, Arizona

SECTION 3. AREA SOURCES
3.1

Introduction and Scope

All area source categories contained in the EPA Procedures document (EPA, 1991b) and the Tier Code
category table used in Section 2 for point sources, were evaluated for this Maricopa County nonattainment area
periodic ozone emissions inventory. The 1996 Ozone Periodic Emission Inventory, documents from the US EPA
Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP), and the permit and emissions data in the MCESD's
Environmental Management System (EMS) database were used to compile data on the presence of, and emissions
from, the area source categories used in this inventory.
Table 3-1 lists all categories and indicates which are considered area sources. Categories that are included
are found within this section under the category subsection named in Table 3-1. Source categories are labeled
"insignificant" because there are no large production facilities and or very few small sources, and therefore
emissions were not quantified. A summary of all area source emissions is included in Table 3-48.
Table 3-1. Area Source Categories
Category
Fuel Combustion
-Industrial
Oil
Gas

Section
Section 3.3
Section 3.3.1
-Section 3.3.1.1
-Section 3.3.1.2
Section 3.3.2
All are point sources,
included in Section 2
Section 3.3.2
-Section 3.3.2.1
-Section 3.3.2.2
Section 3.3.3
-Section 3.3.3.2
-Section 3.3.3.3

-Other
Commercial/Institutional Oil
Commercial/Institutional Gas
-Heating
-Stationary Internal Combustion
Residential Fuel Combustion
-Residential Wood
-Residential Other
Industrial Processes
Plastic Product Manufacture
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Agriculture, Food, & Kindred Products
-Bakeries
-Breweries
-Coffee Roasting
-Grain Elevators
-Meat Smokehouses
Wood, Pulp & Paper, & Publishing Products
Mineral Products
Electronic Equipment
Miscellaneous Industrial Processes

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

Section 3.4
Section 3.4.1
Section 3.4.2
Section 3.4.3
-Section 3.4.3.1
-Insignificant
-Insignificant
-Insignificant
-Insignificant
Section 3.4.4
Section 3.4.5
Section 3.4.6
Section 3.4.7

49

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 3-1 (cont'd). Area Source Categories
Category
Section
Solvent Utilization
Section 3.5
Degreasing
Section 3.5.1
-Cold Cleaning: Automotive Repair
-Section 3.5.1.1
-Manufacturing
-Section 3.5.1.2
Graphic Arts
Section 3.5.2
Dry Cleaning
Section 3.5.3
Surface Coating
Section 3.5.4
-Large Appliances
-Section 3.5.4.1
-Metal Coils, Sheets, and Strips
-Section 3.5.4.2
-Paper/Fabric
-Section 3.5.4.3
-Wood Furniture
-Section 3.5.4.4
-Factory Finished Wood
-Section 3.5.4.5
-Miscellaneous Finished Metals
-Section 3.5.4.6
-Plastic Products
-Section 3.5.4.7
-Marine
-Section 3.5.4.8
-Railroad Coatings
-Section 3.5.4.9
-Machinery and Equipment
-Section 3.5.4.10
-High Performance Maintenance Coating
-Section 3.5.4.11
-Other Special Purpose Coatings
-Section 3.5.4.12
-Metal Furniture
-Section 3.5.4.13
-Other
-Section 3.5.4.14
Non-industrial
-Architectural Coatings
-Auto Refinishing
-Traffic Markings

Section 3.5.5
-Section 3.5.5.1
-Section 3.5.5.2
-Section 3.5.5.3

Other Solvent Utilization
-Asphalt Paving
-Consumer/Commercial Solvent Use
-Pesticide Application
-Other

Section 3.5.6
-Section 3.5.6.1
-Section 3.5.6.2
-Section 3.5.6.3
-Section 3.5.6.4

Storage and Transport
Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport
-Tank Truck Cleaning
-Tank Truck Unloading
-Tank Trucks in Transit
Service Stations: Stage II
(Vehicle Refueling)
Service Stations: Breathing & Emptying
-Underground Tank Breathing Losses
Organic Chemical Storage
Organic Chemical Transport
Airport Refueling
Local Storage (Airports)
Bulk Materials Storage
Bulk Materials Transport
Waste Disposal and Recycling
Incineration
Open Burning
-Burning of Agricultural Ditch Banks and
Fence Rows

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

Section 3.6
Section 3.6.1
-Section 3.6.1.1
-Section 3.6.1.2
-Section 3.6.1.3
Section 3.6.2
Section 3.6.3
-Section 3.6.3.1
Section 3.6.4
Section 3.6.4
Section 3.6.5
Section 3.6.6
Section 3.6.7
Section 3.6.7
Section 3.7
Section 3.7.1
Section 3.7.2
-Section 3.7.2.1

50

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 3-1 (cont'd). Area Source Categories
Category
Section
Waste Disposal and Recycling cont'd
Section 3.7
-Burning of Tumbleweeds
-Section 3.7.2.2
-Burning of Trees
-Section 3.7.2.3
-Burning for Land Clearance
-Section 3.7.2.4
-Pest Prevention Burning
-Section 3.7.2.5
Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Section 3.7.3
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities
Section 3.7.4
Landfills
Section 3.7.5
Other
Section 3
Miscellaneous
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Catastrophic/Accidental Releases
-Emissions from Forest Fires
-Structure, Motor Vehicle, and Brush Fires
-Fire Fighting Training
Repair Shops
Health Services

3.2

Section 3.8
Section 3.8.1
Section 3.8.2
-Section 3.8.2.1
-Section 3.8.2.2
-Section 3.8.2.3
Section 3.8.3
Section 3.8.4

Methodology and Approach

Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD) prepared the area source emission
estimates for all area sources and provided quality assurance checks on all data. Area sources included in Section 3
are shown in Table 3-1.
EPA emission factor documents AP-42, The Factor Information REtrieval (FIRE version 6.23) software,
EIIP documents, or the EPA Procedures document (EPA, 1991b) were used to quantify emissions. The approaches
used to calculate the different area source emissions are described in each section. When available, source
information was used to calculate emissions. Maricopa County obtained source information in three ways: 1) by
reviewing annual emission reports (see Appendix 2-1 for example emission reporting forms); 2) by reviewing permit
files and logs; and 3) by conducting surveys to gather specific information. Default emission factors (per capitabased or employee-based) were finally used with the scale-up method when no other reliable data existed. The
procedures document and AP-42 are the primary sources of emission factors used to calculate emissions. County
Business Patterns for 1999 was used to estimate the number of employees for certain industries (U.S. Census
Bureau, 2000). When a range of employees was provided, for example 0-19 employees, the most conservative or
maximum number provided was used.
Rule effectiveness, control efficiency, and rule penetration were considered in all calculations where
applicable. A rule effectiveness (RE) default factor of 80% was applied to the tank truck unloading and local
storage (Airport AV-Gas) categories. Control efficiency estimates of 50% for the categories tank truck unloading
and local storage (Airport AV-Gas) are based on the Maricopa County Rule Effectiveness Study (May 2000)
requiring 90% recovery from gasoline tank truck unloading. Rule penetration estimates the extent to which defined
sources in a category are regulated. Rule penetration was applied to vehicle refueling emission estimates. For that
section, rule effectiveness was assumed to be 90% (100% rule effectiveness plus a 10% failure rate of the units), rule
penetration 98%, and control efficiency 95% based on conversations with Arizona's Weights and Measures
(Arizona, 2001).

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

51

Maricopa County, Arizona

3.3

Fuel Combustion

External combustion includes burning in equipment such as boilers and other heating devices. Natural gas
and fuel oil are the only fuels considered in the calculations of external combustion emissions. The principal fuel
used in external combustion equipment in Maricopa County is natural gas. Some quantities of fuel oil, including
blends and wastes, are used by electric power plants and some industrial sources. Wood is used in residential
woodstoves and fireplaces in the winter only (not the ozone season), but is included for annual emissions
calculations. No coal is used in the nonattainment area. Only a small amount of liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is used
by external combustion sources, therefore, contribution to total emissions is considered to be insignificant and is not
included.
To collect natural gas distribution data, Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD)
contacted four natural gas companies, three of which are retail and one is wholesale. A list of all four natural gas
companies, contacts, and distribution data is contained in Appendix 3-1. The data collected are used to estimate
emissions by providing activity levels of natural gas used for the following stationary source categories: Industrial,
Commercial/Institutional, and Residential.
Sales data from the wholesale distributor were obtained as a quality assurance check on the retail data. The
wholesale distributor reported supplying the three retail suppliers with approximately 39.2 billion cubic feet of
natural gas in 1999. This amount correlates with the total distribution to consumers reported by the three local retail
companies (see Appendix 3-1). The difference can be explained by two factors: (1) identification of the
nonattainment area by the respective companies was approximate; and (2) other small, non-commercial sources of
natural gas are being utilized by the local natural gas retailers (e.g., the City of Mesa buys and sells digester gas
from the City of Phoenix 91st Avenue Sewage Treatment Plant).
Each natural gas distribution company provided their seasonal distribution percentages based on the EPAdesignated seasons of December–February, March–May, June–August, and September–November. The June–
August data were used to estimate the total fuel consumption for the ozone season day emissions.
It is assumed that all natural gas sold is ultimately used in a combustion process, although each distribution
company does lose a minimal amount to leakage, damaged lines, and venting of lines during repairs.
MCESD requested the four retail natural gas suppliers to provide distribution data showing the types of
sources receiving the natural gas. This information allowed all sources to be categorized. Source categories in this
part of the inventory are Industrial, Commercial/ Institutional, and Residential. The subsections below describe the
procedures for estimating stationary area source external fuel combustion for these source categories.
3.3.1

Industrial Fuel Combustion

The following paragraphs describe the procedures for determining annual and daily industrial area source
natural gas and fuel oil external combustion emissions. Tables 3-2 and 3-3 show annual and average daily ozone
season emissions.

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3.3.1.1 Industrial Area Source Fuel Oil Combustion
It is estimated that 5.45×106 gallons of diesel (Fuel Oil #2) and 2.46×106 gallons of #6 fuel oil were sold in
Maricopa County in 1999. This is based on a review of all 1999 emission inventories, and includes an assumption
that 5% of sold fuel oil is used by unpermitted sources. Emission factors for industrial boilers burning waste oil
(blends) were obtained from Table 1.11-1 in AP-42, or from the FIRE database. Table 3-2 shows emission factors
and emissions. Point source combustion (reported in Section 2) were subtracted from these totals, to derive area
source fuel use estimates of diesel use (4,732,400 gal + 5% = 4,969,020 gals total) and fuel oil use (156,920 gal +
5% = 164,770 gal total).
Table 3-2. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Fuel Oil External Combustion

Category / Pollutant
Fuel oil in boilers
(SCC 10200501)
Diesel in engines
(SCC 20200102)
Totals:

Emission Factor
(lb/1000 gallons)
VOC NOx CO
0.2
24
5
49.3

604

130

VOC
tons/yr
0.02

VOC
tons/day
0.00

NOx
tons/yr
1.98

NOx
tons/day
0.01

CO
tons/yr
0.41

CO
tons/day
0.00

122.49

0.39

1,500.64

4.81

322.99

1.04

122.51

0.39

1,502.62

4.82

323.40

1.04

The emission factor is multiplied by the total gallons of fuel oil sold to calculate emissions. For example:
NOx emissions from fuel oil (lbs) = Total fuel sold (in 1000 gals) × NOx emission factor (in lb/1000 gal)
= 164.770 × 24
= 3,954 lbs/yr
= 1.98 tons/yr
Since there are no local seasonal data, season day emissions are calculated based on information found in
Table 5.8-1 of EPA guidance (EPA, 1990). This table indicates fossil fuel combustion for industrial area sources is
uniform throughout the year and throughout a six-day week. Season day emissions are determined using the
following formula:
Average Daily Ozone Season NOx Emissions =

Annual Emissions (lb) × Seasonal Factor
Operation (days/week) × Season (weeks/year)

= 3,954 × 0.25
6 × 13
= 12.7 lbs/day
= 0.01 tons/day
3.3.1.2 Industrial Area Source Natural Gas Combustion
Based on a review of annual emissions reports from permitted sources, virtually all natural gas
consumption in 1999 was by large boilers (and similar heating equipment) and the amount consumed in engines was
minimal. Total natural gas sales for the industrial user category is 10,016.1 million cubic feet:

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Total usage – point source usage = Area source natural gas usage
10,016.1 MMCF – [4,062.2 MMCF (boilers) + 158.5 MMCF (engines)] =5,795.4 MMCF natural gas used
The ratio of internal to external combustion usage was assumed to be the same as in point sources. Area
source natural gas usage was thus apportioned:
5,795.4 MMCF × 96% = 5,563.6 MMCF of natural gas was used for external combustion
5,795.4 MMCF × 4% = 231.8 MMCF of natural gas was used for internal combustion
External Combustion
This total for external combustion is multiplied by the appropriate emission factor to determine emissions
for the year. MCESD chose the combustion rate category of 10–100×106 Btu/hr (SCC 10200602) as representative
of industrial area source natural gas external combustion. Emission factors from AP-42 (EPA, 1998) were used.
Table 3-3 shows emission factors and total 1999 and average daily ozone season emissions. For this calculation, it
was assumed that area source industrial natural gas combustion occurred in boilers or heaters.
Table 3-3. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Natural Gas External Combustion

VOC
NOx
CO

Emission Factor
(lb/MMCF)
5.5
100.0
84.0

Annual
lbs/year
30,600
556,360
467,341

Annual
tons/year
15.30
278.18
233.67

Season Day
lbs/day
94
1,712
1,438

Season Day
tons/day
0.05
0.86
0.72

A sample calculation of annual emissions is as follows:
1999 VOC emissions = (5,563.6 MMCF) × (5.5 lb/MMCF)
= 30,600 lbs/yr
= 15.3 tons/yr
The procedure for calculating average daily ozone season emissions for industrial natural gas external
combustion is described below. The only natural gas suppliers to industry in 1999 were Southwest Gas Corporation
and the City of Mesa Utilities Department. Total natural gas distribution was calculated by adding the Southwest
Gas Corporation distribution in June-August of 2,222.2 MMCF to the 189.2 MMCF reported by the City of Mesa
Utilities Department. The total natural gas consumption in June–August was 2,411.4 MMCF. The seasonal adjustment factor was determined as follows:
Seasonal adjustment factor = June–August MMCF = 2,411.4 MMCF = 0.24
Total MMCF
10,016.1 MMCF
According to Table 5.8-1 of EPA guidance (EPA, 1990), fossil fuel use for industrial area sources occurs
over a six-day week. Average daily ozone season emissions are determined as follows:
Average Daily Ozone = Annual Emissions (lb) × Seasonal Factor
Season VOC emissions
Operation (days/week) × Season (weeks/year)
= 30,600 × 0.24
6 × 13
= 94.2 lbs/day
= 0.05 tons/day
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Internal Combustion
The procedures for calculating emissions from natural gas internal combustion were the same as for
external combustion. However, MCESD chose SCC 20200202 as representative of industrial area source internal
combustion (EPA, July 1998) with the following emission factors:
VOC: 116 lb/MMCF
NOx: 2840 lb/MMCF
CO: 399 lb/MMCF
Multiplying the above emission factors by the 231.8 MMCF estimated natural gas burned with internal
combustion engines for area sources, the following emissions in Table 3-4 were calculated. Using the same
procedure for ozone season day emissions as was used for external combustion, those emissions are included in
Table 3-4 as well.
Table 3-4. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Natural Gas Internal Combustion
Annual
lbs/year
26,889
658,312
92,488

VOC
NOx
CO

Annual
tons/year
13.44
329.16
46.24

Season Day
lbs/day
83
2,026
285

Season Day
tons/day
0.04
1.01
0.14

3.3.1.3 Summary of Area Source Industrial Fuel Combustion
Area source annual and average daily ozone season emissions from industrial combustion are presented in
Table 3-5.
Table 3-5. Summary of Industrial Area Source Combustion Emissions
Fuel
Fuel Oil
Natural Gas- External
Natural Gas- Internal
Totals:
3.3.2

VOC
tons/yr
122.50
15.30
13.44
151.24

VOC
tons/day
0.39
0.05
0.04
0.48

NOx
tons/yr
1,502.62
278.18
329.16
2,109.96

NOx
tons/day
4.82
0.86
1.01
6.69

CO
tons/yr
323.40
233.67
46.24
603.31

CO
tons/day
1.04
0.72
0.14
1.90

Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion

This category of fuel consumption comprises natural gas burned in heating equipment and in both reciprocating and turbine engines. All other fuels are considered negligible. MCESD assumes that the natural gas usage of
14,202 million cubic feet reported as "Commercial" and "Other" was split equally between boilers (and similar
heating equipment) and engines. This assumption is supported by review of the point source fuel- burning
equipment fuel usage. Area source natural gas usage was calculated as:
Total usage – point source usage = Area source natural gas usage
14,202 – (244 + 163) = 13,795 MMCF area source usage
The ratio of internal to external combustion usage was assumed to be the same as in point sources. Area
source natural gas usage was thus apportioned:
13,795 MMCF × 40.1% used in internal combustion engines = 5,531.8 MMCF
13,795 MMCF × 59.9% used in external combustion (boilers, etc.) = 8,263.2 MMCF

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3.3.2.1 Stationary Area Source External Combustion Commercial/Institutional (Heating)
A total of 8,263.2 MMCF was estimated to be used in external combustion area sources. This total is
multiplied by the emission factors from AP-42 to determine the annual emissions as in the example below.
1999 VOC Emissions from Commercial/Institutional Heating = 8,263.2 MMCF × 5.5 lb/MMCF
= 45,448 lbs/yr = 22.7 tons/yr
Table 3-6. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Natural Gas External Combustion:
Commercial/Institutional Area Sources
Annual
Annual
Season day
Season day
Emission Factor
emissions
emissions
emissions
emissions
SCC 10300602
(lbs)
(tons)
(lbs)
(tons)
(lb/million cu ft)
VOC
5.5
45,448
22.72
116
0.06
NOx
100.0
826,320
413.16
2,119
1.06
CO
84.0
694,109
347.05
1,780
0.88
Calculation of the ozone season emissions for commercial/institutional heating uses the June–August
natural gas distribution figures as shown in Table 3-7.
Table 3-7. Suppliers and Distribution of Natural Gas to Commercial/Institutional Area Sources
Supplier
Southwest Gas Corp. to "Commercial"
City of Mesa to "Commercial"
Black Mountain Gas Co. to "Commercial"
Totals:

Annual
MMCF
12,467.6
1,621.0
113.5
14,202.1

June–Aug
MMCF
2,550.1
308.0
20.4
2,878.5

The total season consumption was divided by the total year consumption to determine seasonal adjustment
factor for commercial/institutional heating, as follows:
Seasonal adjustment factor= June-August MMCF = 2,878.5 MMCF = 0.20
Total MMCF
14,202.1 MMCF
According to Table 5.8-1 of EPA guidance (EPA, 1990), natural gas combustion in the commercial/
institutional category is equally distributed throughout a six-day week. The average daily ozone season emissions
from heating are calculated according to the following example.
Average Daily Ozone Season VOC Emissions =

Annual Emissions (lb) × Seasonal Factor
Operation (days/week) × Season (weeks/year)

= 45,448 lb × 0.20
6 × 13
= 116.5 lbs/day
= 0.06 tons/day

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Maricopa County, Arizona

3.3.2.2 Commercial/Institutional Stationary Internal Combustion
Internal combustion engines are only used by commercial/institutional sources and electric utility sources
(included in the point source section) in the Maricopa County nonattainment area. The only internal combustion
engines are natural gas engines. Stationary internal combustion emissions are included to account for natural gas
reciprocating and turbine engines used by area sources.
Reciprocating Engines
The ratio of reciprocating engines to turbines was assumed to be the same as in point sources. Therefore
reciprocating engines were 54.4% of the total internal combustion engines. 54.4% was multiplied by the total
5531.8 MMCF, to get 3009.3 MMCF of natural gas used by area source reciprocating engines. 3009.3 MMCF was
multiplied by the following averaged 2-cycle and 4-cycle lean burn emission factors (for CO and NOx four emission
factors, for VOC two) to calculate annual emissions, as shown in the example and Table 3-8 below.
Reciprocating engine factors converted from lb/MMBtu to lb/MMCF: (EPA, August 2000)
VOC emission factor = (123.9 + 126) / 2 = 125 lb/MMCF
NOx emission factor = (3328.5 + 2037 + 4284 + 889.4) / 4 = 2635 lb/MMCF
CO emission factor = (405.3 + 370.6 + 332.8 + 584.8) / 4 = 423 lb/MMCF
Total 1999 VOC emissions = 3009.3 MMCF × 125 lb/MMCF = 376,163 lbs/yr = 188.08 tons/yr
Table 3-8. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Natural Gas Reciprocating Engines

VOC
NOx
CO

Emission Factor
(lb/MMCF)
125
2635
423

lbs/year
376,163
7,929,506
1,272,934

tons/year
188.08
3,964.75
636.47

lbs/day
1,033
21,784
3,497

tons/day
0.52
10.89
1.75

Seasonal operations in this category were distributed over a seven-day week and assumed to be constant
throughout the year. Therefore the average daily ozone season emissions are calculated as follows:
Annual Emissions (lb) × Seasonal Factor

Season Day VOC Emissions =

Operation (days/week) × Season (weeks/year)
=

376,163 lbs × 0.25 = 1,033 lb/day = 0.52 tons/day
7 × 13

Turbine Engines
Subtracting 3009.3 MMCF from 5531.8 MMCF, 2522.5 MMCF of natural gas was estimated as burned in turbine
engines. The turbine emission factor was obtained from AP-42 (EPA, April 2000).
Total 1999 VOC emissions = 2,522.5 MMCF × 2.2 lb/MMCF = 5,550 lbs or 2.77 tons VOC/year
Total 1999 NOx emissions = 2,522.5 MMCF × 336 LB/MMCF = 847,560 lbs or 423.78 tons NOx/year
Total 1999 CO emissions = 2,522.5 MMCF × 84 lb/MMCF
= 211,890 lbs or 105.94 tons CO/year

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Table 3-9. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Natural Gas Turbine Engines

VOC
NOx
CO

Emission Factor
(lb/MMCF)
2.2
336
84

lbs/yr
5,550
847,560
211,890

tons/yr
2.77
423.78
105.94

lbs/day
15
2,328
582

tons/day
0.01
1.16
0.29

The seasonal adjustment factor for natural gas combustion in turbine engines is 25%, the same as used for
reciprocating engines. Seasonal operations in this category were distributed over a seven-day week. Therefore the
season daily CO emissions are calculated as follows:
Season Day VOC Emissions =

Annual Emissions (lb) × Seasonal Factor
Operation (days/week) × Season (weeks/year)

= 5,550 × 0.25 = 15.2 lb/day or 0.01 tons/day
7 × 13
Internal combustion area source emissions (both natural gas reciprocating and turbine engines) are shown
in Table 3-10.
3.3.2.3 Summary of Commercial/ Institutional Area Source Combustion Emissions
Table 3-10. Summary of Commercial/ Institutional Area Source Combustion Emissions
Category
External Combustion
Internal- Reciprocating
Internal- Turbine
Totals:

VOC
tons/yr
22.72
188.08
2.77
213.57

VOC
tons/day
0.06
0.52
0.01
0.59

3.3.3

Residential Fuel Combustion

3.3.3.1

Emissions from Fireplaces and Wood Stoves

NOx
tons/yr
413.16
3,964.75
423.78
4,801.69

NOx
tons/day
1.06
10.89
1.16
13.11

CO
tons/yr
347.05
636.47
105.94
1,089.46

CO
tons/day
0.88
1.75
0.29
2.92

EPA emission factors for burning wood in fireplaces and wood stoves are given for tons of wood burned.
To determine emissions during 1999 for the Maricopa County nonattainment area, MCESD kept constant the
emissions that were estimated for 1996. This was done due to the Maricopa County Wood Burning Ordinance that
had been put into place September 30, 1994. Although it was anticipated that the ordinance would create a decrease
in emissions, there was no concrete evidence to draw data from. Therefore, it was concluded the most conservative
course would be to assume the emissions stayed constant. For clarity, how emissions were calculated in the 1996
emission inventory is described below. A few minor errors were discovered in the 1996 inventory, and they were
corrected to reflect more accurate emission estimations below. The method for estimating residential wood
consumption described in the procedures document (EPA, May, 1991) was used to estimate CO emissions in this
category.

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Proportion of Residential Units with Wood-Burning Devices
Survey data collected in Maricopa County in 1996 was used to calculate emissions from residential
woodburning (MAG, 1997). Of the 1,483 surveys, 461 or 31.1% reported having woodburning devices and 295 or
64% used wood. The survey purpose included gathering data on what types of wood are burned and wood-burning
device activity.
Number of Fireplaces
According to the 1994 demographic data provided by MAG, there were 1,005,529 residential housing units
in the Maricopa County nonattainment area. The survey in 1996 indicated that of the residences surveyed, there
were 398 reported fireplaces out of 461 woodburning devices, or 86.3% (MAG, 1997). The number of residential
fireplaces contributing emissions for 1999 is estimated using the following series of calculations:
Woodburning devices = 1,005,529 (households) × 0.311 (fraction with woodburning devices)
= 312,720 woodburning devices
Fireplaces

= 312,720 devices × 0.863 fireplaces
= 269,877 fireplaces

Active Fireplaces

= 269,877 fireplaces × 0.641 (fraction that burns wood) = 172,991 active fireplaces

Number of Woodstoves
The number of wood stoves was determined similarly. Out of the 461 returned surveys that had
woodburning devices, 16 (3.5% of all respondents) had woodstoves, and of these, 10 (62.5%) used them to burn
wood. The number of residential woodstoves is estimated using the following series of calculations:
Woodburning devices = 1,005,529 households × 0.311 fraction households with woodburning devices
= 312,720 woodburning devices
Woodstoves
= 312,720 devices × 0.035
= 10,945 woodstoves
Active Woodstoves
= 10,945 woodstoves × 0.625 (fraction that burns wood)= 6,841 active woodstoves
Number of Barbecue (BBQ) / Firepits
The number of BBQ/firepits was determined similarly. Out of the 461 returned surveys that had
woodburning devices, 47 (10.2% of the total) had firepits, and of these, 30 (63.8%) used them to burn wood. The
number of residential firepits is estimated using the following series of calculations:
# of Woodburning devices = 1,005,529 houses × 0.311 fraction with woodburning devices
= 312,720 woodburning devices
# of Firepits

= 312,720 devices × 0.102 fraction with firepits
= 31,897

# of Active Firepits

= 31,897 firepits × 0.638 fraction that burns wood = 20,351

Density and Types of Wood Burned in Maricopa County
Types of wood burned in Maricopa County were also collected during the 1996 survey. Types of wood and
the composite density were calculated from the information is provided in Table 3-11.

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Table 3-11. Density of Wood Types Used in Wood-burning Devices in Maricopa County
Wood Types
Hardwood (Mesquite and Gambel Oak)
Softwood (Junipers and Ponderosa Pine)
Processed Logs
Miscellaneous (broken furniture and scrap used density of Junipers and Ponderosa Pine)
Pellets
Weighted Average Density

Number of Uses
from Survey
141
105
103
13

Composite Density
(lb/ft3)
42.33
29.48
18.8
31.6

2

40
31.66

The weighted average density was calculated as follows:
Weighted Average Density = (141 × 42.33) + (105 × 29.48) + (103 × 18.8) + (13 × 31.6) + (2 × 40)
364 total uses
= 31.57 lbs/ft3
The US Forest Service (USFS, 1993) provided MCESD with the following mix of tree species harvested
for firewood in Arizona and sold in the Maricopa County area. The mix and composite wood density of the various
types of wood burned in Maricopa County are shown in Table 3-12. Composite wood density (CWD) combines the
percentage of each type of firewood and its density into a single factor. It is calculated according to the following
formula: CWD = Σ [(% wood species i) × (density i)]. The composite densities listed for hardwood and softwood
are a weighted average of the densities listed in Table 3-12.
Table 3-12. Wood Mix and Composite Wood Density (CWD)
for Wood Species Used for Firewood in Maricopa County

Tree Species
Both Junipers (Mean)
Ponderosa Pine
Mesquite
Gambel Oak
Pinon Pine and other misc. species

Percent of
Total Wood
Burned
60%
20%
10%
5%
5%

Density
(lb/ft3)
30.2
26.3
43.7
39.6
31.6

Composite
Wood Density
(lb/ft3)
18.1
5.3
4.4
2.0
1.6

Volume and Quantity of Wood Burned in Maricopa County
The frequency and quantity of wood burned in fireplaces in the Maricopa County nonattainment area was
also gathered in the 1996 survey (MAG, 1997). Survey respondents were asked the frequency they use their woodburning devices and the number of logs burned for each use. Using the mean range of the survey results for an
average, there are 11.3 uses per household per year and 3.1 logs are burned per use. The estimated number of cords
of wood burned in residential fireplaces in the Maricopa County nonattainment area in 1999 was calculated as:
1999 Quantity of Wood
Burned in Fireplaces = 172,991 active fireplaces × 11.3 uses/yr × 3.1 logs/use × 0.17 ft3/log
= 1,030,179 ft3
1999 Mass of Wood
Burned in Fireplaces = 1,030,179 ft3 × 31.57 lb/ft3
= 32,522,751 lbs/yr
= 16,261.38 tons/yr
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Similarly, the amount of wood burned in woodstoves was calculated. Using the mean range of the survey results for
an average, there are 12.8 uses per household per year and 2.3 logs are burned per use.
1999 Quantity of Wood
Burned in Woodstoves

= 6,841 active woodstoves × 12.8 uses/yr × 2.3 logs/use × 0.17 ft3/log
= 34,237 ft3/yr

1999 Mass of Wood
Burned in Woodstoves

= 34,237 ft3 × 31.57 lb/ft3
= 1,080,862 lbs/yr
= 540.43 tons/yr

Similarly, the amount of wood burned in firepits was calculated. Using the mean range of the survey results for an
average, there are 7.6 uses per household per year and 2.5 logs are burned per use.
1999 Quantity of Wood
Burned in Firepits

= 20,351 active firepits × 7.6 uses/yr × 2.5 logs/use × 0.17 ft3/log
= 65,734 ft3/yr

1999 Mass of Wood
Burned in Firepits

= 65,734 ft3 × 31.57 lb/ft3
= 2,075,222 lbs/yr
= 1,037.61 tons/yr

Annual Emissions from Fireplaces, Woodstoves, and Firepits
The emission factors for residential fireplaces, woodstoves and firepits are included in Table 3-13.
Table 3-13. Emission Factors for Fireplaces, Woodstoves and Firepits
Pollutant
VOC
NOx
CO

Residential Fireplaces
& Firepits (lb/ton)
229.0
2.6
252.6

Woodstoves
(lb/ton)
26.67
4.68
134.16

The residential fireplace emission factors are taken from an updated section of AP-42 (EPA, January 1995),
Section 1.9, dated October of 1996. Since the amount of wood burned in fireplaces is estimated to be 20,965 tons
annually the total tons of emissions from fire emissions were calculated as see in this example:
Tons of CO from fireplaces = 16,261.38 tons of wood × 252.6 lb/ton = 2,053.81 tons
2,000 lb/ton
The emission factor for conventional residential wood stoves was calculated as a weighted average. The
weighted average emission factor was based on 80% as conventional, noncatalytic, catalytic, and masonry stoves
and 20% as certified and exempt pellet stoves. The percentages were taken from the survey. The following
calculation shows how the emission factors were calculated by weighted average using AP-42 emission factors for
the various wood stove units (EPA, Oct. 1996).

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Wood Stoves CO Emission Factor = 0.8 × [(230.8 + 140.8+ 104.4 + 149)/4] + 0.2 × [(39.4 + 52.2)/2]
Wood Stoves CO Emission Factor = 125 + 9.16 =134.16 lb/ton
Tons of CO from conventional wood stoves = 540.43 tons × 134.16 lb/ton = 36.25 tons/yr
2,000 lb/ton
For firepits, the emission factor used for fireplaces was used to estimate emissions. It was assumed these
two devices generate similar emissions as they both lack controls.
Tons of CO from firepits = 1,037.61 tons of wood × 252.6 lb/ton = 131.05 tons/yr
2,000 lb/ton
Total emissions are included in Table 3-14.
Table 3-14. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Fireplaces, Woodstoves and Firepits
Type
Fireplaces
Woodstoves
Firepits
Totals:

VOC
tons/yr
1861.93
7.21
118.81
1987.95

VOC
tons/day
–
–
0.33
0.33

NOx
tons/yr
21.14
1.26
1.35
23.75

NOx
tons/day
–
–
0.004
0.004

CO
tons/yr
2053.81
36.25
131.05
2221.11

CO
Tons/day
–
–
0.36
0.36

Ozone Season Daily Emissions from Fireplaces, Wood Stoves, and Firepits
It is assumed that no woodburning in fireplaces and woodstoves occur during the ozone season. As
mentioned earlier the use of fireplaces and wood stoves is primarily for aesthetic purposes. It is assumed that
firepits are used evenly throughout the year, therefore annual emission totals are divided by 365. Results are shown
in Table 3-14 above.
3.3.3.2 Residential Combustion Other
Other than wood, the only significant fuel for residential use in Maricopa County is natural gas. Natural
gas sales for the residential category, 14,475.0 million cubic feet, are multiplied by the appropriate emission factor
to determine emissions for the year.
The emission factors listed in AP-42, Table 1.4-1 for residential furnaces natural gas fuel combustion are
only for NOx and CO. For the VOC emission factor, MCESD is using 5.5 lb/MMCF as listed in Table 1.4-2 (EPA,
1998). Table 3-15 shows annual and average daily ozone season emissions for residential fuel external combustion.
Table 3-15. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Residential Natural Gas External Combustion
Pollutant
VOC
NOx
CO

Emission Factor
(lb/million cu ft)
5.5
94.0
40.0

Annual
lbs/year
79,613
1,360,650
579,000

Annual
tons/year
39.81
680.32
289.50

Season Day
lbs/day
96
1,630
694

Season Day
tons/day
0.05
0.81
0.35

The amount of natural gas used by residential external combustion area sources in June-August is 1,581.5 MMCF.
The seasonal adjustment factor is determined as follows:

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

62

Maricopa County, Arizona

Seasonal adjustment factor = June-August cubic feet = 1,581.5 MMCF = 10.9%
Total cubic feet
14,475.0 MMCF
Table 5.8-1 of the procedures document (EPA, 1990) shows residential fuel combustion is equally distributed
throughout the week. The average daily ozone season emissions are determined as follows:
Average Daily Ozone Season CO Emissions =

Annual Emissions (lb) × Seasonal Factor
Operation (days/week) × Season (weeks/year)

= 579,000 × 0.109
7 × 13
= 694 lbs/day
= 0.35 tons/day
3.3.3.3 Summary of All Residential Combustion
Table 3-16. Annual and Season Day Emissions from All Residential Combustion Sources
Category
Fireplaces, woodstoves,
and fire pits
Other
Totals:
3.3.4

VOC
tons/yr
1,987.95

VOC
tons/day
0.33

NOx
tons/yr
23.75

NOx
tons/day
0.00

CO
tons/yr
2,221.11

CO
tons/day
0.36

39.81
2,027.76

0.05
0.38

680.32
704.07

0.81
0.81

289.50
2,510.61

0.35
0.71

Summary of Stationary Area Source Fuel Combustion
Table 3-17. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Stationary Area Combustion Sources
Category
Industrial
Commercial/Institutional
Residential
Totals:

3.4

VOC
tons/yr
151.25
213.57
2,027.76
2,392.58

VOC
tons/day
0.48
0.59
0.38
1.45

NOx
tons/yr
2,109.96
4,801.69
704.07
7,615.72

NOx
tons/day
6.69
13.11
0.81
20.61

CO
tons/yr
603.31
1,089.46
2,510.61
4,203.38

CO
tons/day
1.90
2.92
0.71
5.53

Industrial Processes

Most of the industrial process area source emissions listed in Table 3-19 were calculated based on the
information in the Maricopa County annual emission reports submitted for 1999 (Appendix 2-1). Emissions from
these area sources were calculated by using EPA emission factor documents AP-42, EPA's Factor Information and
REtrieval data base (FIRE, version 6.23), engineering calculations, or facility-specific source test results. Individual
business emissions were calculated by summing emissions from each process and then the businesses emissions of
similar category were added together to obtain a category total. For example, a category such as printing inks
manufacturing may have more than one process. The basic calculation used for all processes follows:
Amount of VOC from Y = (Amount of Y used per year) × (emission factor for Y)

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Maricopa County, Arizona

Area source emissions that were not collected as part of the annual emissions reporting program were
calculated using the annual emissions reports to calculate an emission factor based on lbs of VOC per employee.
Data on employment for individual industrial categories was obtained from 1999 County Business Patterns (U.S.
Census Bureau, 2000). The county's emissions reports are still categorized by Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) codes, while Census Bureau data is now presented using the North American Industrial Classification System
(NAICS) codes. Thus SIC codes were converted using data from the U.S. Census Bureau website (U.S. Census
Bureau, 1998). For categories that were assumed to contain sources that are not surveyed (or permitted), total
emissions were calculated using a "scale-up" method: i.e., a county-specific per-employee emission factor was
calculated from available emissions reports, and then multiplied by total county employment data from County
Business Patterns. Season day emissions were usually calculated by dividing annual emissions by 260 (assuming a
5-day workweek, 52 weeks per year), or as explained in the following subsections.
3.4.1

Plastic Product and Rubber Manufacturing

Two categories were combined to estimate emissions. The 1999 emissions for this category were estimated
using annual emission reports from area sources in Tier Code 0704, " Rubber & Miscellaneous Plastic Products".
Area source emissions were based on the "scale-up" method using reported emissions (before rule effectiveness was
applied) and employment data, as follows:
VOC emissions per = (Total reported emissions from point + area sources)
employee per year
(Total reported employment from point + area sources)
=

346.91 + 13.24 tons
× 2,000 lbs
4,232 + 2,748 employees
ton

= 103.2 lbs/employee-year
Sources that submitted annual emissions inventories reported a total of 6,980 employees, while the 1999
County Business Patterns for NAICS codes 325991,3256, 3261, 3262 and 339113 reported total employment of
8,953. The additional 1,973 employees were thus presumed to be attributable to small (area) sources, which were not
surveyed. The per-employee emission factor derived above was then added to the reported area-source emissions to
derive total area source emissions for the category:
Total area source emissions = total emissions reported from area sources + scale-up factor
= 13.24 tons + [(103.2 lbs/employee × 1,973 employees) × tons/2,000 lbs]
= 115.05 tons/yr
To calculate ozone season day emissions, data on operating schedules for those sources that reported
emissions was used. The average summer-season percentage and days per week operating schedule were used,
applying the following equation:
Ozone season day VOC emissions

= annual emissions × (summer %)
days of operation/week × weeks/season
= 115.05 tons × 26.5%
5 × 13
= 938 lbs/day = 0.47 tons/day

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Maricopa County, Arizona

3.4.2

Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

For this category the 1999 emissions were estimated using annual emission reports from area sources
identified in SICs 2833 through 2836. It was assumed that there were no unpermitted sources in this category. Total
annual VOC emissions were 45.65 tons/yr and ozone season day emissions were 356 lbs/day. Subtracting the
emission totals from large point sources reported in Section 2 (42.14 tons/yr, or 324 lbs/day), the total area source
emissions for this category is 3.50 tons/yr, with 31 lbs/day or 0.02 tons/day for the ozone season.
3.4.3

Agricultural, Food & Kindred Products

This category includes all businesses in SIC Group 20. Bakeries (SIC 2051) comprise the largest sources
within this category, and their emissions are accounted for in section 3.4.3.1. All other emissions were calculated as
follows: using the county's emissions reporting database, twenty facilities were found that have VOC emissions not
accounted for in the point source section. The total reported VOC emissions for food and kindred products are
17.36 tons/yr. These activities are assumed to occur six days a week, 52 weeks a year with no seasonal variation.
Comparing reported facilities employees to the number of employees in the County Business Patterns, there was
only a marginal difference, and therefore no more emissions were estimated according to emissions per employee.
Total VOC from these sources in the nonattainment area is thus divided by 312 to determine daily VOC:
Daily VOC emissions = 17.36 tons/312 = 0.06 tons/day
3.4.3.1 Bakeries
The three largest bakeries in the nonattainment area were treated as point sources for determining VOC
emissions, and their emissions are included in Section 2. These bakeries calculated VOC emissions by deriving the
emission factors using the following equation, taken from the Alternative Control Technology Document for Bakery
Oven Emissions, EPA Pub. 453/R-92-017.
VOC Emission Factor lbs/ton = 0.95(Yi) + 0.195(ti) – 0.51(S) – 0.86(ts) + 1.90
where: Yi = initial baker’s percentage of yeast
ti = total yeast action time (hours)

S = final (spike) baker’s percent of yeast
ts = spike time (hours)

Using the maximum range of employees listed in the County Business Patterns of 1999, searching under
SIC code 2051 in Maricopa County, there were 2,479 people employed in bakeries in 1999. Annual emission inventories completed by the bakeries reported a total of 712 employees, 240 of which are employees for bakeries
accounted for in the point source section. The information from all the local bakeries in SIC code 2051 was scaled
up to determine the per-employee emission factor to be used to calculate VOC emissions from the additional
bakeries. The calculations below show how the per-employee emission factor was obtained.:
Per-employee Emission Factor: Tons of VOC per employee = (Total VOC from facilities)
(no. of employees)
= (102.27 tons) / (712 employees)
= 0.14 tons VOC / employee
VOC from unreported area source bakeries = emission factor × no. employees in unreported bakeries
= 0.14 tons/employee × (2,479 – 712) employees
= 0.14 × 1,767
= 247.38 tons/yr

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Maricopa County, Arizona

Bakery activity is assumed to occur six days a week, 52 weeks a year with no significant seasonal variation.
Total VOC from bakeries in the nonattainment area is thus divided by (6 × 52 =) 312 to determine daily VOC.
Daily VOC emissions = annual emissions / 312
= 247.38 tons / 312
= 0.79 tons/day
The annual VOC emissions from unreported bakeries were added to the reported area source bakery
emissions, 48.80 tons/yr, for a total of 296.18 tons/yr. The ozone season daily emissions were totaled as well for a
sum of 0.96 tons/day.
3.4.3.2 Summary of Agricultural, Food & Kindred Products
Total annual VOC emissions and daily VOC emissions are shown in Table 3-15a.
Table 3-18. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Agricultural, Food and Kindred Products

Category
Bakeries
Other
Total
3.4.4

Annual
VOC
(tons/year)
296.18
17.36
313.54

Season Day
VOC
(tons/day)
0.96
0.06
1.02

Wood, Pulp & Paper, & Publishing Products

The 1999 emissions for this category were all considered as point sources, and are therefore included in
Section 2. Since this type of source is not common in this region, and no area sources were reported, it was assumed
that all significant sources are considered in the point source chapter.
3.4.5

Mineral Products

The 1999 emissions for this category were estimated using annual emission reports submitted from sources
with Tier Code 0705 which covers brick and related clays as well as concrete products. The area source facilities
reported total VOC emissions of 33.45 tons/yr. Daily area sources ozone season day emissions totaled 0.13
tons/day. It was assumed that there are no significant unpermitted sources in this category.
3.4.6

Electronic Equipment

For this category, emissions were estimated from facilities that reported under Tier Code 0707 in their
annual reports. Those sources that submitted reports were not included in the point source section totaled 6.57
tons/yr VOC emissions. Ozone season day emissions were 0.03 tons/day. It was assumed that there are no
significant unpermitted sources in this category.
3.4.7

Miscellaneous Industrial Processes

The 1999 emissions for this category were estimated using annual emission reports furnished by area
sources with Tier Code 0710 that were not included in the above industrial categories. Area sources reported a total
of 142.83 tons/yr VOC emissions. For ozone season day, 0.66 tons/day was estimated based on seasonal percentage
and number of operating days reported.

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Maricopa County, Arizona

3.4.8

Summary of Emissions from Industrial Processes
Table 3-19. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Industrial Processes

Industrial Product Categories
Plastic Product Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Agriculture, Food & Kindred Products
Wood, Pulp & Paper, & Publishing Products
Mineral Products
Electronic Equipment
Miscellaneous Industrial Processes
Total

3.5

Solvent Utilization

3.5.1

Degreasing

Annual
VOC
(tons/yr)
115.05
3.50
313.54
0
33.45
6.57
142.83
614.94

Ozone Season
Day VOC
(tons/day)
0.47
0.02
1.02
0
0.13
0.03
0.66
2.33

3.5.1.1 Degreasing Cold Cleaning–Automotive Repair
Facilities in SIC group 75 submitted emissions information in their 1999 annual reports. The 1999 reported
annual VOC emissions from cold cleaning in the automotive repair industry were 7.37 tons/yr. The ozone season
day was calculated using reported season percentage and days per week of operation. Daily VOC emissions for this
category were 0.02 tons/day.
3.5.1.2 Other Degreasing –Manufacturing
All other degreasing area sources are included in this section. This includes in-line, vapor and cold cleaning (other than automotive cold cleaning). All area source degreasing is added together except for automotive.
Annual emission reports for 1999 provided 94.46 tons/yr as the total annual VOC emissions for area sources, and
0.35 tons/day as the total ozone season day VOC emissions.
This section covers SIC Groups 25 and 33 through 39. The 1999 emission reports, obtained from area
sources, shows that there were an estimated 130 tons of VOC per year and 814 lbs per day (based on a six-day
workweek). All emission reports are on file in Maricopa County. Table 3-20 provides the general information on
degreasing processes provided on the 1999 emission reports submitted by the industries based on process tier codes.
Table 3-20. Degreasing Processes and Annual VOC Emissions
Tier Code
080101
080102
080103
080199
Totals:

Annual VOC
Emissions (tons)
9.38
1.35
65.36
25.74
101.83

Tier Code Description
Degreasing–Open Top
Degreasing–Conveyorized
Degreasing–Cold Cleaning
Degreasing–General

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

67

% VOC
Contribution
9.2
1.3
64.2
25.3
100

Maricopa County, Arizona

3.5.1.3 Summary of Degreasing
Table 3-21. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Degreasing
Degreasing Type
Cold Cleaning–Auto Repair
All Other Degreasing
Totals:
3.5.2

Annual VOC
(tons/year)
7.37
94.46
101.83

Average Daily Ozone
Season VOC (tons/day)
0.02
0.35
0.37

Graphic Arts

In 1999, there were 326.58 tons of VOC reported from graphic art sources (SIC 27). Of this amount,
165.17 tons were emitted from point sources within the nonattainment area (Table 2-9). Of the facilities that
reported, there are 5,209 employees. Using this information, the county created an emission factor:
Lbs VOC/employee = 653,135 lbs/ 5,209 employees = 125.39 lbs/employee
Using the 1999 County Business Patterns for employee data in this category, the total number of employees
was 8,192. Subtracting this from the number of reported employees, 2,983 employees was multiplied by the above
emission factor to calculate an additional 374,037 unreported pounds per year or 187.02 tons per year. Adding this
to the reported amount of graphic arts emissions:
Annual VOC emissions from graphic arts = 161.41 tons/yr + 187.02 tons/yr
= 348.43 tons/yr
Those facilities that reported emissions also provided seasonal percentage of operations as well as days of
the week. Therefore, ozone season day VOC emissions were 0.58 tons/day. An average of the reported area source
facilities' seasonal percentage was 24.3%, operating 5 days a week, was used to estimate the ozone season day VOC
emissions for the unreported area sources.
Daily unreported VOC

= 374,040 lbs × (24.3/100) / (5 days × 13 weeks)
= 1,398 lbs/day
= 0.70 tons/day

Daily total VOC emissions = 0.58 tons/day + 0.70 tons/day
= 1.28 tons/day
3.5.3

Dry Cleaning

Area source dry cleaning facilities are divided into two types, those that use perchloroethylene and those
that use petroleum solvent (140/Stoddard solvent). Perchloroethylene is a synthetic solvent that is not considered
photochemically reactive and therefore is not included in this inventory, as stated in EPA's EIIP Vol. IV Chapter 4Dry Cleaning (EPA, 1996). The 1999 VOC emissions were estimated using annual emission reports. (All permitted
dry cleaners are surveyed annually.) Since approximately 98.5% of the Maricopa County population lives within
the nonattainment area (Appendix 1-1), it is assumed that the dry cleaning VOC from Maricopa County is the same
as total VOC emissions from the nonattainment area.

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68

Maricopa County, Arizona

Dry cleaning activity is not constant throughout the year. The 1999 emission report contained seasonal
percentages for each process as well as the number of operating days per week. These values were used to calculate
ozone season day emissions from petroleum (Stoddard) solvent.
Annual VOC from petroleum solvent = 32.90 tons/yr
Ozone season day emissions = 0.13 tons/day
3.5.4

Surface Coating

Some of the sections below show examples of how emissions were calculated while other sections do not
as the method is the same. All categories under surface coating, and their annual emissions and ozone season day
emissions are given in Table 3-22. Emission report examples can be seen in Appendix 2-1. Per-capita emission
factors were used only when employee and sources information was not available.
3.5.4.1 Large Appliances and Other Appliances
Total emissions reported in this category from annual emission reports totaled 14.82 tons/yr. Subtracting
out those emissions accounted for from point sources (reported in Section 2), annual VOC emissions in this category
was 1.65 tons/yr. Average daily ozone season VOC emissions from area sources were 16 lbs/day or 0.01 tons/day.
When comparing employment provided by facilities that submitted an annual report to the 1999 County Business
Patterns employment data for this category, it appears that all sources reported emissions.
3.5.4.2 Metal Coils, Sheets, and Strips
The 1999 emissions for this category were compiled with the annual emissions reports from facilities with
Tier Codes 080405 through 080408. Of the 126.37 tons reported, 13.57 tons/yr were from area sources. For
emissions from sources that have not reported, NAICS employment information from the 1999 County Business
Patterns (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000), was used which lists employment by NAICS codes. For those categories with
a range of employees, worst case scenario was used. When SIC codes were used in the area source guidance, the
U.S. Census website was used to convert the SIC code to NAICS codes. There were 3,610 employees in all four
NAICS groups minus the 1,665 employees that work in the facilities that reported emissions, which equaled 1,945
employees. These numbers were used with the scale-up method to determine area source VOC emissions in this
category.
Per-employee Emission Factor: Tons of VOC per employee = (Total reported VOC)
(no. of employees)
= (126.37 tons) / (1,665 employees)
= 0.076 tons VOC / employee
VOC from area sources = Emission factor × no. employees in area sources
= 0.076 tons/employee × 1,945 employees
= 147.62 tons/yr
The 13.57 tons/yr from reported area sources added to the 147.62 tons/yr estimated from unreported area sources,
equaled 161.18 tons/yr. Emissions are assumed to occur five days a week and 52 weeks a year, thus:
Average Ozone Season Day VOC = (147.62 / 260) = 0.57 tons/day
This was added to the 0.05 tons/day VOC emissions from reported area source facilities for a total of 0.62 tons/day.
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

69

Maricopa County, Arizona

3.5.4.3 Paper/Fabric
The 1999 annual emissions reports showed that area sources emitted a total of 35.64 tons of VOC not
including those sources accounted for in the point source section. This was based on facilities with Tier Codes
080402 and 080403. Ozone season day emissions for the area sources in this category totaled 0.14 tons/day.
3.5.4.4 Wood Furniture
In 1999, emissions reports submitted to Maricopa County ESD reported total VOC emissions of 1,116.24
tons for facilities with Tier code 080409 in Maricopa County. Point source emissions inventories for businesses
with this Tier code reported total emissions of 1,373.20 tons VOC, while area sources totaled 140.44 tons VOC
emissions. Seasonal percentages and weekly days of operation were used to calculate the reported VOC season day
emissions of 0.56 tons/day. When comparing employment data provided by facilities that submitted annual reports
with 1999 County Business Patterns employment data for this category, it appears that there are no significant
unpermitted sources in this category.
3.5.4.5 Factory Finished Wood
For 1999, area source VOC emissions totaled 26.68 tons, as estimated from annual emission reports.
Factory finished wood sources are reported under Tier code 080411. Those facilities reported as point sources were
subtracted from the total annual emissions to determine the area source emissions. Using reported operating
schedule data, total ozone season day VOC emissions from this category totaled 0.10 tons/day.
3.5.4.6 Miscellaneous Finished Metals
The 1999 emissions were estimated using annual emission reports from sources with Tier Codes 080415
and 080416. There were 156.40 tons/yr emitted by area sources; ozone season day VOC emissions totaled 0.60
tons/day.
3.5.4.7 Plastic Products
Annual emission reports were used to estimate emissions for this category. Area sources reported 35.31
tons/yr and 0.15 tons/day for ozone season day. Tier code 080412 was used to identify sources that constitute this
category.
3.5.4.8 Marine
Emissions for 1999 were estimated using the scale-up method shown below based on 150 tons reported by
three sources with 370 employees. Only 0.77 tons of the 150 tons are not reported in the point source section. The
County Business Patterns for Maricopa County showed an additional 218 employees in area sources in SIC Group
373.
Marine per-employee VOC Emission Factor = VOC from Point Sources / Employees at Point Sources
= 150 tons / 370 employees
= 0.41 tons/employee = 811 lbs/employee
Unreported VOC Emissions = (0.41 tons/employee × 218 employees) = 89.38 tons
Therefore, 89.38 tons plus the 0.77 reported tons not accounted for in the point source section, totals 90.15 tons of
VOC.
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Maricopa County, Arizona

1999 Average Season Day Emissions = 90.15 tons / 260 days = 0.35 tons/day
3.5.4.9 Railroad Coatings
There were 249 employees from sources in SIC code 3743, based on the 1999 County Business Patterns.
An annual emission factor of 35 lbs/employee (EPA, 1991b) was used to estimate emissions. Season day emissions
were calculated by dividing annual emissions by 260 days.
Annual VOC emissions = employees × 35 lbs/employee·yr
= 249 employees × 35 lbs/employee·yr
= 8,715 lbs/yr = 4.36 tons/yr
Season day VOC emissions = 4.36 / 260 = 0.02 tons/day
3.5.4.10 Machinery and Equipment
VOC emissions from the annual emissions report totaled 15.98 tons/yr for area sources. From those
facilities that reported, there were 1,200 employees. The emission factor for machinery and equipment is 77 pounds
of VOC per employee per year (EPA, 1991b). For SIC codes beginning with 35 (minus those accounted for in
Sections 3.5.4.1, 3.5.4.2, and 3.5.4.6), the 1999 County Business Patterns estimated 2,501 employees. Employees
from sources with reported emissions were subtracted out for a total of 1,301 employees. For the season daily
emissions, it is assumed these operations typically run 260 days/year without seasonal variation.
Annual VOC emissions

= 1301 employees × 77 lbs/employee
= 100,177 lbs
= 50.09 tons/yr

Season day VOC emissions = 50.09 / 260 = 0.19 tons/day or 385 lbs/day
This was added to the VOC emissions reported from area sources of 0.06 tons/day, for a total 0.25 tons/day. The
50.09 tons/yr was added to the reported 15.98 tons/yr for a total of 66.07 tons/yr.
3.5.4.11 High-Performance Maintenance Coatings
The reported annual VOC emissions from high-performance maintenance coatings were 30.65 tons/yr. This
data was accumulated from facilities with Tier code 080414. For the season daily emissions, this category's sources
emitted 0.11 tons/day. It was assumed that there are no significant unpermitted emission sources in this category.
3.5.4.12 Other Special Purpose Coatings
The annual emission reports were used to estimate VOC emissions from this category, and Tier Code
080423 was used. 19.60 tons/yr of annual VOC emissions were reported from area sources, as well as 0.07 tons of
VOC for ozone season day. It was assumed that there are no significant unpermitted emission sources in this
category.
3.5.4.13 Metal Furniture
Emissions for 1999 were estimated based on annual emissions reports. Area sources with Tier Code
080410 reported annual VOC emissions of 1.50 tons/yr, as well as 14 lbs/day or 0.01 tons/day for ozone season day.
When comparing employment data from those facilities that reported to the 1999 County Business Patterns
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

71

Maricopa County, Arizona

employment data, it appeared that all sources had reported their emissions, therefore further emissions were not
estimated.
3.5.4.14 Other Surface Coating
This category covers all other sources that were not accounted for in the above sections, Tier codes 080401,
080419, 080424-080426 and 080499. From the annual emission reports, area source facilities reported 177.42 total
tons/yr VOC emissions. Ozone season day emissions totaled 0.61 tons/day.
3.5.4.15 Summary of Industrial Surface Coating
Surface coating emissions were estimated by using employee based emission factors with business pattern
employment data, emission reports, or per capita emission factors. In all sections without reported emissions,
annual area source VOC is divided by the number of activity days per week, assumed to be 260 days per year, to
obtain daily VOC. Table 3-22 provides a summary of surface coating emissions. The per capita emission factors
and those per employee emissions factors that were not manufactured from county values, came from Table 4-10-1
in the Procedures document (EPA, 1991b).
Table 3-22. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Industrial Surface Coating
Category
Large Appliances and Other Appliances
Metal Coils, Sheets, and Strips
Paper/Fabric
Wood Furniture
Factory Finished Wood
Miscellaneous Finished Metals
Plastic Products
Marine
Railroad Coatings
Machinery and Equipment
High-Performance Coatings
Other Special Purpose Coatings
Metal Furniture
Other Surface Coating
Totals:
3.5.5

Annual VOC
Emissions (tons/yr)
1.65
161.18
35.64
140.44
26.68
156.40
35.31
90.15
4.36
66.07
30.65
19.60
1.50
177.42
947.05

Season Day VOC
Emissions (tons/day)
0.01
0.62
0.14
0.56
0.10
0.60
0.15
0.35
0.02
0.25
0.11
0.07
0.01
0.61
3.60

Non-industrial Surface Coating

The default emission factors in Table 4.3-6 of the procedures document (EPA, 1991b) are used to calculate
architectural coating, automotive refinishing and traffic markings VOC emissions in the Maricopa County
nonattainment area. SIC code employment data was applied where available.
3.5.5.1 Architectural Coatings
The EPA architectural coatings VOC per capita emission factor is used to calculate annual 1999
architectural VOC emissions within the Maricopa County nonattainment area. This emission factor of 4.6 lbs VOC/
capita per year (EPA, 1991b) is multiplied by the 1999 nonattainment area population 2,957,147 (see Section 1.0) to
obtain the annual VOC emissions from architectural coat in the nonattainment area.

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Maricopa County, Arizona

Activity level is given to be seven days a week with an ozone season adjustment factor of 1.3 (EPA, May,
1991). However, in Maricopa County, architectural coatings usage is not reduced in the winter months, as is the
case with other counties nationwide. In fact, any reduction in architectural coatings usage would most likely occur
during the ozone season. Thus no ozone season adjustment factor has been used. Calculations are provided below.
Architectural coatings annual VOC =
=
=
=

Population × emission factor
2,957,147 × 4.6 lbs/capita-yr
13,602,876 lbs/yr
6,801.44 tons/yr

An estimate of the average daily ozone season architectural coating VOC emissions is calculated by
dividing the annual VOC emissions by 365:
Architectural coatings daily VOC = 6,801.44 tons/year / 365 = 18.63 tons/day
3.5.5.2 Automobile Refinishing
For 1999, annual VOC emissions from area sources in this category totaled 264.36 tons/yr. This total was
reported from facilities' annual emission reports for Tier Code 080421. Ozone season day emissions were 1.02
tons/day. Total employment reported by point and area sources facilities was comparable to employment data
obtained from the County Business Patterns website. Thus it was assumed that there are no significant unpermitted
sources in this category.
3.5.5.3 Traffic Markings
The per employee emission factor for coatings used as traffic markings is 69 pounds per employee (EPA,
1991b).
Traffic markings annual VOC =
=
=
=

employees × emission factor
3,984 employees × 69 lbs/employee
274,896 lbs/yr
137.45 tons/yr

Traffic marking activity is assumed 6 days/week, 52 weeks/year with no seasonal variation. Thus the VOC
estimate for the average daily ozone season is calculated by dividing the annual VOC emissions by 312.
Traffic markings daily VOC = 274,896 lbs / 312
= 881 lbs/day
= 0.44 tons/day
3.5.5.4 Summary of Non-industrial Solvent Utilization
Table 3-23. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Non-industrial Solvent Utilization

Category
Architectural Coatings
Automobile Refinishing
Traffic Markings
Totals:

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

Annual VOC
Emissions
(tons/yr)
6,801.44
264.36
137.45
7,203.25

73

Season Day
VOC Emissions
(tons/day)
18.63
1.02
0.44
20.09

Maricopa County, Arizona

3.5.6

Other Solvent Utilization

3.5.6.1 Asphalt Paving
Asphalt use data for 1999 were obtained from the Asphalt Institute. Since the total amount of asphalt used
within the state of Arizona is the only information available, the amount used in the nonattainment area was
estimated by multiplying the amount of asphalt statewide by the nonattainment area factor (calculated below).
Nonattainment area factor

= (Urban Nonattainment VMT) / (State VMT)
= 60,246,000 / 130,377,000
= 0.462

The VMT figures were obtained from HPMS data prepared by Arizona Department of Transportation
(ADOT, 2001). It is assumed that the amount of cutback, emulsified, and roofing asphalt is equally used throughout
the year and five days a week; thus annual emissions are divided by 260 to obtain ozone season daily emissions.
Cutback Asphalt
In 1999 there were 13,330 tons of cutback asphalt used in the State of Arizona. All of this cutback asphalt
was Medium Cure with an assumed diluent density of 0.8 kg/liter (EPA, 1995). The actual diluent contents are not
known so a value of 35 percent is assumed for inventory purposes (MCESD, 1993). Based on those assumptions, an
emission factor of 0.20 lbs of VOC per pound of cutback asphalt is used (EPA, 1995).
Annual Tons of VOC from cutback asphalt in state = (tons of asphalt) × (emission factor)
= 13,330 × 0.20
= 2,666 tons/yr
Annual tons of VOC from cutback asphalt in the nonattainment area = (state VOC) × (area factor)
= 2,666 × 0.462
= 1,231.69 tons/yr
Average Daily Ozone Season VOC emissions from cutback asphalt = (annual VOC) / (260)
= 1231.69 tons / 260 days
= 4.74 tons/day
Emulsified Asphalt
In 1999 there were 46,505 tons of emulsified asphalt used for paving in the state of Arizona. There are
8.33 lbs of asphalt per gallon of emulsified asphalt (MAG, 1979). The emission factor for emulsified asphalt is 0.22
lbs of VOC per gallon (EPA, 1991b).
Pounds of emulsified asphalt = (tons asphalt) × (2000 lbs/ton)
= 46,505 × 2000
= 9.30 ×107 lbs
Gallons of emulsified asphalt = (lbs of asphalt) / (lbs per gal)
= 9.30 ×107 / 8.33
= 1.12 ×107 gal
Lbs of VOC from emulsified asphalt statewide = (Gallons of asphalt) × (emission factor)
= 1.12 ×107 × 0.22
= 2,456,447 lbs/yr

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

74

Maricopa County, Arizona

Lbs of VOC in nonattainment area = (state VOC) × (area nonattainment VMT ratio)
= 2,456,447 × 0.465
= 1,142,248 lbs
Tons of VOC in nonattainment area= (lbs of VOC) / (2000)
= 1,142,248 lbs / 2000
= 571.12 tons
Average Daily Ozone Season VOC emissions = (annual VOC) / (260)
= 571.12 tons / 260 days
= 2.20 tons/day
Roofing Asphalt
In 1999, 8,287 tons of roofing asphalt was used in the State of Arizona. An emission factor of 20 lbs of
VOC per ton of asphalt was used (SCAQMD, 1996). Arizona’s population estimate in 1999 was 4,462,300 (DES,
1999). The population of the nonattainment area in 1999 was 2,957,147 (see Section 1.1, Table 1-3). The amount
of roofing asphalt used in the nonattainment area is calculated as follows.
Nonattainment % = percent of total Arizona population within the nonattainment area
= 2,957,147 / 4,462,300
= 0.663
Roofing asphalt used in nonattainment area = (Total asphalt used) × (nonattainment %)
= 8,287 tons × 0.663
= 5,492 tons
1999 VOC in nonattainment area from roofing asphalt = (tons asphalt) × (emission factor)
= 5,492 tons × 20 lbs/ton
= 109,835 lbs/yr
= 54.92 tons/yr
Average Daily Ozone Season VOC emissions = (annual VOC) / (260 days)
= 54.92 / 260
= 0.21 tons/day
Summary of Asphalt Paving
Table 3-24 shows annual and average daily ozone season VOC emissions for cutback, emulsified, and
roofing asphalt.
Table 3-24. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Asphalt Use
Asphalt Type
Cutback Asphalt
Emulsified Asphalt
Roofing Asphalt
Totals:

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

Annual VOC
(tons/year)
1,231.69
571.12
54.92
1,857.73

75

Average Daily Ozone
Season VOC (tons/day)
4.74
2.20
0.21
7.15

Maricopa County, Arizona

3.5.6.2 Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use
The EPA commercial/consumer solvent use VOC emission factors are used to calculate the 1999 VOC
emissions within the Maricopa County nonattainment area. The emission factors (EPA, 1996) were multiplied by
the 1999 nonattainment area population 2,957,147 (see Section 1.0) to obtain annual commercial/consumer solvent
use VOC emissions. While EPA guidance provides a total per-capita emission factor for this category of 7.84
lbs/year, FIFRA-regulated products were calculated separately under structural pesticide application.
The activity level for commercial/consumer solvent use is uniform throughout the year (EPA, 1996) and
that this activity is seven days a week. An estimate of the average daily ozone season commercial/consumer solvent
use is calculated by dividing the annual VOC emissions by 365.
Household Products:
Annual VOC= Population × emission factor
= 2,957,147 × 0.79 lbs/person·yr
= 2,336,146 lbs/yr
= 1,168.1 tons/yr
Daily VOC = 1,168.1 / 365 = 3.20 tons/day
Personal Care Products:
Annual VOC= Population × emission factor
= 2,957,147 × 2.32 lbs/person·yr
= 6,860,581 lbs/yr
= 3,430.3 tons/yr
Daily VOC = 3,430.3 / 365 = 9.40 tons/day
Adhesives and Sealants:
Annual VOC= Population × emission factor
= 2,957,147 × 0.57 lbs/person·yr
= 1,685,574 lbs/yr
= 842.79 tons/yr
Daily VOC = 842.79 / 365 = 2.31 tons/day
Automotive Aftermarket Products:
Annual VOC= Population × emission factor
= 2,957,147 × 1.36 lbs/person·yr
= 4,021,720 lbs/yr
= 2,010.86 tons/yr
Daily VOC = 2,010.86 / 365 = 5.51 tons/day
Coatings and Related Products:
Annual VOC= Population × emission factor
= 2,957,147 × 0.95 lbs/person·yr
= 2,809,290 lbs/yr
= 1404.64 tons/yr
Daily VOC = 1404.64 / 365 = 3.85 tons/day
Miscellaneous Products:
Annual VOC= Population × emission factor
= 2,957,147 × 0.07 lbs/person·yr
= 207,000 lbs/yr
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

76

Maricopa County, Arizona

= 103.50 tons/yr
Daily VOC = 103.50 / 365 = 0.28 tons/day
Annual Total Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use:
Annual VOC= Population × emission factor
= 2,957,147 × 6.06 lbs/person·yr
= 17,920,311 lbs/yr
= 8,960.16 tons/yr
Daily VOC = 8,960.16 / 365 = 24.55 tons/day
3.5.6.3 Pesticide Application
Pesticides include any substances used to kill or retard the growth of insects, rodents, plants, fungi, or
microorganisms. The pesticide category includes both organic pesticides and herbicides. Inorganic pesticides are
excluded from this inventory because they do not contain VOC. Pesticide use is divided into two categories: (1)
Structural/Municipal and (2) Agricultural.
Structural/Municipal
Structural/municipal pesticide use is seen as pesticides used in structures as well as those used outside (i.e.
for vector control). Since survey data was not available as suggested to use in Chapter 9 Pesticides (EPA, June
2001), the next alternative method that was suggested was employed. The pound per capita emission factor for
FIFRA-regulated products was used from EIIP, Chapter 5, Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use (EPA, 1996).
FIFRA-regulated products included house and garden pesticides, as well as commercially used pesticides.
Emissions were calculated as shown below.
Annual VOC= Population × emission factor
= 2,957,147 × 1.78 lbs/person·yr
= 5,263,722 lbs/yr
= 2,631.86 tons/yr
Daily VOC = 2,631.86 / 365 = 7.21 tons/day
Agricultural
The Arizona Department of Agriculture supplied MCESD with the data on pesticide usage for 1999. The
data included active ingredient, date and number of acres applied, whether it was ground or air applied, and the
amount of active ingredients applied. Chapter 9 on pesticides from the EIIP Volume III was used as a source of
emission factors and equations (EPA, June 2001). The preferred method for calculating emissions from non-aerial
application of pesticides is to use the following equation:
Annual agricultural pesticide VOC emissions = R × A × PA × EF
where:
R
A
PA
EF

=
=
=
=

pounds of pesticide applied per year per harvested acre
total harvested acres
fraction active ingredient in the pesticide applied
emission factor from Table 9.4-4 of EIIP based on vapor pressure of active ingredient.

R and A factors were reported combined. Since the Department reported by active ingredients, PA was
considered 100%. Vapor pressure of the active ingredient was not provided, however many of the pesticides on the
Department's list had their vapor pressures listed in the EIIP Chapter 9 Table 9.4-2. Emission factors for these
pesticides were then chosen from Table 9.4-4. Since the Department did not specify whether ground application
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

77

Maricopa County, Arizona

meant surface application or soil incorporation, the County used the more conservative emission factors for surface
application. Those sources without vapor pressure values available were given the default emission factor provided
in Chapter 9 of 2.45 lbs VOC/lb active ingredient. Totaling these calculated emissions, annual VOC emissions from
pesticide usage in 1999 was 414.40 tons. Since the date the pesticides were applied was given, VOC emissions for
ozone season day was calculated using the total pesticides applied in June through August and assuming 6 days of
application a week for 13 weeks.
Ozone Season Day for agricultural pesticide VOC emissions = 20.16 tons/(6 days/week × 13 weeks)
= 0.26 tons/day
The above method for estimating annual VOC emissions can not be used for aerial applications of
pesticides. A total of 3.42 million pounds of aerial applied pesticides was reported for which no VOC content or
other emission factor data could be found. The vast majority (97.5%) of these were biopesticides, either bacillus
cereus (2.63 million lbs. reported) or Bt (bacillus thur., 0.71 million lbs.). It was assumed that these biopesticides
have negligible ozone precursor emissions.
Total
Therefore, the total amount of VOC emissions estimated for pesticide application was 3,046.26 tons/yr.
Total ozone season day VOC emissions were 7.47 tons/day.
3.5.6.4 Other
Emissions in this category are estimated based on 1999 emission reports. A review of all 1999 emission
reports was conducted, and sources already accounted for were subtracted out (e.g., all point sources, incinerators,
sources accounted for in degreasing, dry cleaners, and gas storage). Other potential sources of solvent use include
city service centers and maintenance yards, schools, electronics manufacturing, laboratories, and other business
services. Annual emissions from this category total 65.3 tons. A multiplier of 50% was then applied to account for
sources that were either unpermitted or not surveyed. The revised annual emissions total is 97.95 tons/year.
Assuming a 5-day workweek with no significant seasonal variation, average daily ozone season emissions
are calculated as follows:
Average daily ozone season VOC emissions = 97.95 tons / 260 days = 0.38 tons/day
3.5.6.5 Summary of Other Solvent Use
Table 3-25. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Other Solvent Use
Category
Asphalt
Consumer/Commercial Solvent Use
Pesticide Application
Other
Total Other Solvent Use Emissions:

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

Annual VOC
(tons/year)
1,857.73
8,960.16
3,046.26
97.95
13,962.10

78

Average Daily Ozone
Season VOC (tons/day)
7.15
24.55
7.47
0.38
39.55

Maricopa County, Arizona

3.5.7

Summary of Solvent Utilization
Table 3-26. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Solvent Utilization
Category
Degreasing
Graphic Arts
Dry Cleaning
Surface Coating
Non-industrial
Other Solvent Use
Total

3.6

Annual VOC
(tons/year)
101.83
348.43
32.90
947.05
7203.25
13,962.10
22,595.56

Average Daily Ozone
Season VOC (tons/day)
0.37
1.28
0.13
3.60
20.09
39.55
65.02

Storage and Transport

AP-42 and TANKS3 were used to estimate petroleum products and volatile organic liquid above ground
storage and loading emissions. An average 1999 day in Maricopa County is 74°F, with a wind speed of 6.1 mph,
and an atmospheric pressure of 14.1 psia. The average ozone season day temperature is 91°F. Specific equations
when TANKS3 was not used are illustrated within a section.
Equations used for estimating emissions of the category Storage, Transportation, and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Volatile Organic Liquids are adjusted for temperature and vapor pressure. In Maricopa County,
State law mandates gasoline with an RVP below 9.0 for the winter and an RVP below 7.0 for the summer. For the
annual emissions, RVP below 9.0 was used. An ambient temperature of 75°F was used for the annual calculation
for a true vapor pressure of 6.0 psia for RVP 9.0 and an ozone season temperature of 96°F was used for the season
daily calculation for a true vapor pressure of 6.8 psia for RVP 7.0.
3.6.1

Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport

3.6.1.1 Tank Truck Cleaning
Tank truck pressure testing was substituted for tank truck cleaning. The purging of vapors is one step in
the annual pressure testing certification procedure required in Maricopa County under Rule 352. Vapor purging
emissions are used to determine tank truck cleaning VOC emissions.
From the phone-in notification log required prior to conducting a test, 688 tank truck pressure tests were
performed in 1999. Additional purges for other reasons (repairs, etc.) are assumed to be 8 percent of the number of
pressure tests; thus a total of (688 × 1.08 = 743) purges has been used. The average size tank is 9,000 gallons
(Buonicore et al., 1991). The total number of gallons of vapors purged by area sources is therefore:
743 purges × 9,000 gallons each = 6,687,000 gallons
The mass of VOC vapors purged from drained gasoline tank trucks is assumed comparable to the vapors
expelled by loading gasoline into such trucks, as shown in the example in AP-42. The AP-42 equation for
estimating loading loss VOC emissions without vapor controls is:
EF = (12.46 × S × P × M)
T
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

79

Maricopa County, Arizona

where: EF = emission factor in pounds of VOC per 1,000 gallons
S = saturation factor (1.0)
P = true vapor pressure, psia (6.0 yearly average, 75°F; 6.8 ozone season, 96°F)
M =molecular weight in lb/lb·mol of RVP9 during winter season and RVP7 during summer season
(68 in ozone season)
T = temperature of liquid loaded in °R (°R = °F + 460)
for annual average, 75°F = 535°R
for ozone season, 96°F = 556°R
EF (annual) = (12.46 × 1.0 × 6.0 × 68) = 9.5 lb/1000 gallons
535
EF (ozone season) = (12.46 × 1.0 × 6.8 × 68) = 10.4 lb/1000 gallons
556
Annual VOC emissions from
area source tank truck purging = (9.5 lbs/1000 gals) × (6,687,000 gals)
= 63,526 lbs/yr
= 31.76 tons/yr
Peak ozone season daily emissions are calculated using the same equations with ozone season values for P
and T as noted above. The log showed that 246 purges occurred during July, August, and September. As the 55
purges estimated for annual repairs were distributed evenly throughout the year, it is assumed that 14 occurred
during the ozone season. Daily ozone season VOC emissions from area sources are calculated below.
Gallons of vapor purged per season day = (246 +14) purges × 9000 gal/purge = 36,000 gal/day
5 days/week × 13 weeks/yr
Area source daily ozone season VOC = Emission factor × gallons per day
= 10.4 lb/1000 gal × 36,000 gal/day
= 374.4 lb/day or 0.19 tons/day
3.6.1.2 Tank Truck Unloading
Gasoline Usage in the Nonattainment Area:
Gasoline sales tax data for all of Maricopa County are used to estimate total gallons of gasoline used in the
nonattainment area. The procedures document states that sales tax data must be altered to account for the gasoline
usage by facilities that are not taxed and to show gasoline usage only in the nonattainment area of the total county.
Unadjusted total county sales tax data are used to calculate emissions since there is an approximate 1.2% increase
because of omitted non-taxed gasoline and an approximate decrease of 1.5% because of the amount of the gasoline
used outside the nonattainment area. A more detailed explanation of why these alterations were not made follows.
The amount of gasoline used by non-taxed facilities in the nonattainment area in 1993 was only 11.9×106
gallons. Tax data shows there were an estimated 1.55×109 gallons of gasoline used in Maricopa County in 1999
which includes non-taxed sales. Taxed and non-taxed sales are not separated for 1999. From 1993 data, non-taxed
gasoline usage is about 1.2 % of the total amount used.
Taking the ratio of the population in the nonattainment area to the population outside the nonattainment
area (but within the county) and applying this ratio to the Maricopa County gasoline sales tax data can approximate
the amount of gasoline used only in the nonattainment area. For example, roughly 1.5% of the population of

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

80

Maricopa County, Arizona

Maricopa County lives outside the nonattainment area (Appendix 1-1), so it can be assumed that approximately
1.5% of the Maricopa County gasoline, or 2.31×107 gallons, is burned outside the nonattainment area. This method
seems reasonable but does not take into consideration those living outside the nonattainment area that drive to work
inside the nonattainment area.
After applying these methods to revise County gasoline sales tax data and taking into consideration the
availability of ozone season gasoline sales tax data, it was agreed that the total county sales tax data would be used
to represent the amount of gasoline used in the nonattainment area. It is our judgment that this approach is accurate
and provides quality seasonal data. It is concluded that 1.55×109 gallons of gasoline were used in the nonattainment
area in 1999. Diesel fuel is not included in total fuel used, as suggested on page 4-6 of the procedures document
(EPA, 1991b).
During the 1999 ozone season (July–September) the estimated total gallons of gasoline used is 3.66×108
gallons (ADOT, 1999). The 1999 ozone season gasoline fuel use was 23.7 percent of the total 1999 annual gasoline
fuel use. Based on Maricopa County 1990 emission reports, 98% percent of the gasoline was from tank truck
unloading using balance fill, less than 2% was from submerged fill, and there was no splash filling.
Control effectiveness of 90% is required for tank truck unloading in accordance with Maricopa County
Rule 353. A study on the effectiveness of this rule done in 1999 found that the overall effectiveness was 40%
(MCESD, May 2000). Applying a rule effectiveness of 80%, the total controlled tank truck unloading VOC
emissions were calculated assuming a 50% control efficiency for a total control effectiveness of 60% (1-(0.8 × 0.5))
= 0.60) (EPA, Sept. 1999).
Methodology:
Annual Gasoline Unloaded:
98% balance fill

= (Total 1999 gas) × (% balance fill)
= (1.55 ×109 gal) × 0.98
= 1.519 ×109 gal/yr

2% submerged fill = (Total 1999 gas) × (% submerged fill)
= (1.16×109 gal) × 0.02
= 2.320 ×107 gal/yr
Ozone Season Gasoline Unloaded:
98% balance fill

= (Ozone season gas) × (% balance fill)
= (2.74×108 gal) × 0.98
= 2.685 ×108 gal/ozone season

2% submerged fill = (Ozone season gas) × (% submerged fill)
= (2.74×108 gal) × 0.02
= 5.480 ×106 gal/ozone season
The ozone season and annual emissions take into consideration the type of loading as well as temperature
of gasoline, true vapor pressure, molecular weight, and control efficiency (EPA, 1995). This is more accurate than
the VOC emission factors provided both in AP-42 and EIIP Chapter 11, Gasoline Marketing. The formula used to
calculate the emission factor used to determine the annual VOC emissions from controlled balance fill gasoline tank
truck unloading is (EPA, 1995):

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

81

Maricopa County, Arizona

EF = (12.46 × S × P × M) × 60% efficiency factor
T
= (12.46 × 1.0 × 4.7 × 68) × 0.60
534
= 7.46 × 0.60
= 4.48 lb/1000 gal
where: EF = emission factor in pounds VOC per 1000 gallons fuel throughput
S = saturation factor (1.0)
P = fuel true vapor pressure in psia (4.7)
M = fuel molecular weight in lb/lb·mol (68)
T = temperature of liquid loaded in R° (460 + 74°F = 534°R)
The formula used to calculate the emission factor used to determine the annual submerged fill VOC emissions from gasoline tank truck unloading is shown below (EPA, 1995).
EF = (12.46 × S × P × M)
T
= (12.46 × 0.6 × 4.7 × 68)
534
= 4.48 lb/1000 gal
where: EF = emission factor in pounds VOC per 1000 gallons fuel throughput
S = saturation factor (0.6)
P = fuel true vapor pressure in psia (4.7)
M = fuel molecular weight in lb/lb·mol (68)
T = temperature of liquid loaded in R (460 + 74°F = 534 R)
The formula used to calculate the emission factor used to determine the VOC emissions from gasoline tank
truck unloading using controlled balance fill during the ozone season is shown below (EPA, 1995).
EF = (12.46 × S × P × M) × 60% efficiency factor
T
= (12.46 × 1.0 × 6.3 × 68) × 0.60
551
= 9.69 × 0.60
= 5.81 lb/1000 gal
where: EF = emission factor in pounds VOC per 1000 gallons fuel throughput
S = saturation factor (1.0)
P = fuel true vapor pressure in psia (6.3)
M = fuel molecular weight in lb/lb·mol (68)
T = temperature of liquid loaded in R (460 + 91°F = 551 R)
The formula used to calculate the emission factor used to determine the submerged fill ozone season VOC
emissions from gasoline tank truck unloading is shown below (EPA, 1995).
EF = (12.46 × S × P × M)
T
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

82

Maricopa County, Arizona

= (12.46 × 0.6 × 6.3 × 68)
551
= 5.81 lb/1000 gal
where: EF = emission factor in pounds VOC per 1000 gallons fuel throughput
S = saturation factor (0.6)
P = fuel true vapor pressure in psia (6.8)
M = fuel molecular weight in lb/lb·mol (68)
T = temperature of liquid loaded in R (460 + F°)
The emission factors calculated above are multiplied by throughput to determine controlled VOC. Tank
truck unloading is conducted 6 days a week and 13 weeks a season (EPA, 1991b). The amount VOC generated
during the 1999 ozone season is divided by 78 days (6 days/week × 13 weeks) to obtain the daily ozone season
VOC.
Summary of Tank Truck Unloading:
VOC (balance fill) = gallons from balance fill × emission factor
VOC (submerged fill) = gallons from submerged fill × emission factor
Annual VOC from controlled balance fill tank truck unloading

= (1.519×109 gal) × (4.48 lb/1000 gal)
= 6,805,120 lbs/yr
= 3,402.56 tons/yr

Annual VOC from submerged fill tank truck unloading

= (2.32×107 gal) × (4.48 lb/1000 gal)
= 103,936 lbs/yr
= 51.97 tons/yr

Total annual VOC emissions from tank truck unloading = 3,402.56 + 51.97 = 3,454.53 tons/yr

Ozone season day VOC, controlled balance fill tank truck unloading = (2.685×108 gal) × (5.81 lb/1000 gal)
78 days
= 20,000 lbs/day
= 10.00 tons/day
Ozone season day VOC, submerged fill tank truck unloading

= (5.480×106 gal) × (5.81 lb/1000 gal)
78 days
= 408 lbs/day
= 0.20 tons/day

Total season day VOC emissions from tank truck unloading = 10.00 + 0.20 = 10.20 tons/day
3.6.1.3 Tank Trucks in Transit
The VOC emission factor for gasoline vapor loss during tank truck transit is 0.06 lb/1000 gal. This is a
round-trip emission factor calculated by adding the tank truck transit loaded with fuel emission factor of 0.005 lb/
1000 gallons to the return with vapor emission factor 0.055 lb/1000 gallons (EPA, Jan. 2001).
Total gasoline transported is calculated by multiplying gasoline distribution in the nonattainment area by
the default factor of 1.25 (EPA, 1991b).
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

83

Maricopa County, Arizona

Transported gasoline = (1.93 ×109 gallons) × 1.25
= 2.41×109 gal/yr
Emissions from round-trip tank truck transit is calculated as follows:
Total VOC from tank truck transit =
=
=
=

Gasoline transported × emission factor
(2.41 ×109 gal) × (0.06 lb/1000 gal)
144,750 lbs/yr
72.38 tons/yr

Assuming that tank truck transit is conducted 7 days/week and 52 weeks/year, annual 1999 VOC emissions
from tank truck transit are, therefore, divided by 365.
Average Daily 1999 VOC from tank truck transit = (Annual tons of VOC) / (365 days)
= 72.38 / 365
= 0.20 tons/day
3.6.1.4 Summary of Petroleum Product Transport
Table 3-27. Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions from Petroleum Product Transport
Category
Tank Truck Cleaning
Tank Truck Unloading
Tank Trucks in Transit
Total
3.6.2

Annual VOC
emissions
(tons/year)
31.76
3,454.53
72.38
3,558.67

VOC Season Day
emissions
(tons/day)
0.19
10.20
0.20
10.59

Vehicle Refueling

Annual vehicle refueling was calculated using an AP-42 emission factor while daily emissions are based on
an emission factor based on grams per gallon for the ozone season calculated by MOBILE 5.0a. The AP-42
emission factor is used since annual emissions are not calculated with MOBILE 5.0a.
As stated in section 3.6.1.2 there is an estimated 1.55×109 gallons of gasoline used in the nonattainment
area in 1999. Annual VOC is calculated based on the emission factor 10.0 lbs of VOC / 1000 gallons of gasoline
(CARB, 1997). This factor is added to the spillage factor of 0.7 lbs of VOC / 1000 gallons of gasoline to obtain an
emission factor of 10.7 lbs of VOC / 1000 gallons of gasoline. Also calculated into the equation is Stage II
implementation. Based on information provided by Arizona Weights and Measures, Stage II implementation had
90% rule effectiveness, 98% penetration and 95% control efficiency (Arizona, 2001). The following is EPA's rule
effectiveness equation (EPA, 1999).
Stage II Implementation factor = (1 – (Rule effectiveness × Control efficiency × Rule penetration)
= 1 – (0.90 × 0.95 × 0.98) = 0.16
Annual emission calculations are shown below.
Annual VOC from vehicle refueling = Annual gasoline use × emission factor × Stage II factor
= (1.55×109 gal) × 10.7 lb/1000 gal × 0.16
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

84

Maricopa County, Arizona

= 2,653,600 lbs/yr
= 1,326.80 tons/yr
The amount of gasoline used during the 1999 ozone season in the nonattainment area was 3.66×108 gallons.
The VOC emission factors for vehicle refueling during the summer (ozone season) were calculated using
MOBILE5.0a. The MOBILE 5.0a runs indicate that on an average ozone season day (July–September), the amount
of VOC from vehicle refueling is 0.88 g/gallon. This emission factor includes spillage, the effects of RVP, and
Stage II full implementation at 100% control efficiency.
The amount of gasoline used daily during the ozone season is calculated by dividing total ozone season
VOC by the number of days in the ozone season (7 days/week, 13 weeks/season = 91 days).
VOC during the ozone season day

= (Total gas used during ozone season) × emission factor
91 days
= (3.66×108 gal) × (0.88 g/gal)
91 days
= 3.539×106 g/day × (1 lb/454 g)
= 7,796 lbs/day
= 3.90 tons/day

3.6.3

Service Stations: Breathing & Emptying

The VOC emission factor for underground gasoline tank breathing losses is 1.0 lb/1000 gallons (EPA, Jan.
2001). For this calculation, it is assumed that all gasoline sold in Maricopa County is stored underground.
Annual 1999 VOC emissions =
=
=
=

(Gas distributed in county) × emission factor
(1.55×109 gal) × (1.0 lb/1000 gal)
1,547,000 lbs/yr
773.50 tons/yr

Tank breathing losses occur 7 days a week, 52 weeks a year; therefore, the annual 1999 VOC from tank
breathing is divided by 365.
Average Daily 1999 VOC from tank breathing losses = (Annual tons of VOC) / (365 days)
= 773.50 tons / 365 days
= 2.12 tons/day
3.6.4

Volatile Organic Liquid (VOL) Storage and Transfer

Sources were located in the EMS database under SICs 5169 or 5199. Emissions in this category are
calculated using the software program TANKS3. Daily ozone season emissions were not adjusted for ozone season
temperature and true vapor pressure. There are more than 20 chemicals that would need to be adjusted at each
source and the resulting refinement of this estimate would have an insignificant impact upon the inventory. Daily
ozone season emissions were calculated by multiplying total annual emissions by the seasonal throughput
percentage and dividing by the number of days the source operates per week multiplied by 52 weeks per year. Even
though this category includes storage, which would be 7 days a week, most of the VOC occurs from the transfer of
VOL. Emissions from VOL Storage and Transfer sources are shown in Table 3-28.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

85

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 3-28. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Volatile Organic Liquid Storage and Transfer
ID #
254
499
822
27940
31573
36010
Total
3.6.5

SIC
5169
5169
5169
5169
5169
5169

Business Name
Vopak USA Inc
Columbus Chemical Industries Inc.
BOC Edwards
Tarr Inc.
Ashland Distribution Co.
Bulk Transportation

Annual VOC
Season Day VOC
emissions (tons/yr) emissions (lbs/day)
2.61
17.95
1.04
7.99
3.07
19.47
1.81
27.91
5.69
36.44
0.06
0.45
14.29
110.20

Aircraft Refueling

The amount of fuel used in aircraft refueling is determined by the amount of aircraft fuel used in the
nonattainment area. Three types of fuel were used: aviation fuel ("AV-Gas"), Jet Kerosene (JP-8) and Jet Naphtha
(JP-4). Annual usage amounts and ozone season usage ratios were determined from annual emission inventories.
VOC annual emissions were calculated by facilities using TANKS 3.1 where data was available, or by multiplying
throughput with an emission factor calculated using the following equation (EPA 1995).
EF = (12.46 × S × P × M) lb/1000 gal
T
where: EF = emission factor in pounds VOC per 1000 gallons fuel throughput
S = saturation factor
P = fuel true vapor pressure in psia
M = fuel molecular weight in lb/lb·mol
T = temperature of liquid loaded in R (460 + F°)
The season day emissions were calculated by multiplying annual usage by the ozone-season usage percentage and
dividing by the number of days operating per week times 13 weeks in the ozone season. Total emissions from this
category not reported in the point source section are 57.48 tons VOC/yr and 311 lbs VOC/day.
3.6.6

Local Storage (Airports)

This section includes emission from the loading of underground AV-Gas tanks at local airports. Naphtha
and kerosene are piped into the storage tanks at airports so emissions are considered insignificant. Most of the emissions from naphtha are included in the point sources. Breathing losses are also considered insignificant for aircraft
fuels considering that they have lower vapor pressures and are less volatile.
The ozone season and annual emissions calculations took into consideration the type of loading as well as
temperature of the fuel, true vapor pressure, molecular weight, and control effectiveness (EPA, 1995). The formula
used to calculate the emission factor used to determine the annual VOC emissions from controlled balance fill for
AV-Gas is shown below (EPA, 1995).
EF = (12.46 × S × P × M) × 60% efficiency factor
T
= (12.46 × 1.0 × 4 × 68) × 0.60
535
= 6.335 × 0.60
= 3.8 lb/1000 gal
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

86

Maricopa County, Arizona

where: EF = emission factor in pounds VOC per 1,000 gallons fuel throughput
S = saturation factor (1.0)
P = fuel true vapor pressure in psia (4 at 75°F)
M = fuel molecular weight in lb/lb·mol (68)
T = temperature of liquid loaded in R (460 + 75° F = 535° R)
All AV-Gas loaded into tanks at airports is loaded by truck, so the control effectiveness (40%) is the same
as that used in tank truck unloading for gasoline in Section 3.3.4. The formula used to calculate the emission factor
used to determine the controlled balance fill ozone season VOC for AV-Gas is shown below (EPA, 1995).
EF = (12.46 × S × P × M) × 60% efficiency factor
T
= (12.46 × 1.0 × 5.8 × 68) × 0.60
556
= 8.84 × 0.60
= 5.3 lbs/1000 gal
where: EF = emission factor in pounds VOC per 1,000 gallons fuel throughput
S = saturation factor (1.0)
P = fuel true vapor pressure in psia (5.8 at 96°F)
M = fuel molecular weight in lb/lb·mol (68)
T = temperature of liquid loaded in R (460 + 96° F = 556 R)
The total amount of AV-Gas used in 1999 was estimated by contacting the three companies that supply fuel
to Phoenix Sky Harbor airport as well as from those airports that submitted annual emission reports. The amount
was estimated to be 20,159,136 gallons based on the amounts reported to MCESD from these companies (394,452
gallons) and those airports that reported emissions in Section 3.6.5 (19,764,684 gallons). Usage patterns reported in
annual emissions reports indicates that 23% of this usage occurs during the ozone season; thus 4.64×106 gallons of
the fuel is loaded in the summer. The season day emissions are calculated by dividing season emissions by 78 (6
days/week, 13 weeks/season = 78 days).
Annual VOC from AV-Gas tank loading losses = (20.16×106 gal) × (3.8 lbs/1000 gal)
= 76,605 lbs/yr
= 38.30 tons/yr
Daily ozone season VOC from AV-Gas tank loading losses = (4.64×106 gal × 5.3 lb/1000 gal) / (6 × 13)
= 315 lbs/day
= 0.16 tons/day
3.6.7

Bulk Plants Storage and Transfer

Point sources in this category were located in Maricopa County's database under SIC 5171. Emissions in
this category were calculated using the emission inventories supplied by the sources. Sources or MCESD used the
program TANKS3 to estimate annual emissions. TANKS3 was also used to calculate ozone season day emissions,
which were calculated by MCESD using monthly throughput data provided, by each source. Emissions from these
sources are shown in Table 3-29. Those facilities that fall into this category and are covered in the point source
section are not included below.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

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Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 3-29. Annual and Season Day VOC Emissions from Bulk Plants Storage and Transfer
ID #
2703
3597
3701
39309
TOTAL
3.6.8

SIC
5171
5171
5171
5171

Business Name
Western States Petroleum
City of Phoenix Petroleum Stores
Brown Evans-B/P #7 & C/L #22
Union Distributing Company

Annual VOC
Season Day VOC
emissions (tons/yr) emissions (lbs/day)
2.85
15.64
3.24
0.00
4.29
33.13
2.01
8.90
12.39
57.67

Summary of Storage and Transport
Table 3-30. Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions from Storage and Transport
Annual VOC
emissions
(tons/yr)
3,558.67
1,326.80
773.50
14.29
57.48
38.30
12.39
5,781.43

Category
Petroleum Product Transport
Vehicle Refueling
Service Stations: Breathing & Emptying:
Organic Chemical Storage and Transport
Aircraft Refueling
Local Storage (Airports AV-Gas)
Bulk Materials Storage and Transport
Totals:

3.7

Season Day VOC
emissions
(tons/yr)
10.59
3.90
2.12
0.06
0.16
0.16
0.03
17.02

Waste Disposal

Emissions from waste disposal, treatment, and recovery processes are grouped into five sections: (1)
emissions from on-site incineration sources; (2) emissions from industrial, commercial/institutional, and residential
open burning (managed burning); (3) treatment, storage and disposal facilities; (4) landfills; and (5) publicly owned
treatment works (wastewater treatment plants).
3.7.1

On-Site Incineration

Three types of incinerators were considered for this section: industrial, commercial/ institutional, and
residential. Industrial and commercial institutional incinerator emissions were quantified together from annual
emission reports sent to MCESD. They are located at crematories, veterinarian facilities, and electrical wiring
reclaim operations. Commercial/ institutional incinerators burn refuse and paper products from wholesale and retail
trade establishments, service establishments, and medical waste from hospitals and laboratories. Residential
incinerators burn refuse and paper products from homes and apartment complexes with less than 20 units, but none
were under County permit in 1999.
All incinerators are required to be permitted by Maricopa County Environmental Services Department
(MCESD). A total of 29 commercial/institutional incinerators operated in Maricopa County during 1999 and they
were not considered in the point source section. The data used to calculate emissions from incinerators were
obtained from each source's 1999 emissions report submitted to MCESD. MCESD require sources to submit annual
reports on emissions from processes and/or materials used at each source and these were used to determine annual
emissions for each source. An example of this report is in Appendix 3-2.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

88

Maricopa County, Arizona

Based on the operating schedule shown on each source's emissions report, it is determined that incinerators
operated roughly uniformly throughout 1999. To calculate season day emissions, annual emissions were divided by
65, based on an average operating schedule of five days a week for the 13-week season, as reported by most
facilities. The calculation below illustrates 1999 season day emissions.
VOC Emissions (lbs/day) =emissions (lbs) × seasonal factor
days/week
weeks/season
Season Day VOC emissions =

626 lbs × 0.25
= 2.41 lbs/day = 0.001 tons/day
5 days/week × 13 weeks/season

Table 3-31. Annual and Season Day Emissions from On-site Incineration

Pollutant
VOC
NOx
CO
3.7.2

Annual
Emissions
(tons/yr)
0.31
10.34
0.44

Season Day
Emissions
(tons/day)
0.00
0.04
0.00

Industrial, Commercial/Institutional, and Residential Open Burning

This section includes emissions from controlled open burning, which is regulated by MCESD Rules and
Regulations. MCESD issues the required burning permits primarily for purposes of agricultural ditch bank and
fencerow burning, tumbleweed burning, land clearance, and air curtain destructor burning of trees. Amount of
materials burned is estimated using data from earthmoving permits issued in 1999. Calculations are made for each
type of burning, which are then summed to derive total emissions in this category. The emission and loading factors
used are shown in Table 3-32 and a summary of the burning permit data is shown in Table 3-33.
Table 3-32. Emission Factors and Fuel Loading Factors for Open Burning of Agricultural Materials
Emission Factors
(lb/ton burned)
NOx2 VOC1
CO1
85
4
9
309
4
1.5

Fuel Loading Factors1
(waste production,
tons/acre)
3.2
0.1

4

1.0

Refuse Category
Weeds, unspecified
Russian Thistle
(Tumbleweeds)
Orchard Crops: Citrus
81
1
AP-42, Table 2.5-5.
2
AP-42, Table 2.5-5 footnote.

9

Table 3-33. County Burn Permit Data Used to Estimate Material Quantities Burned

Type of Burning
Ditch Banks and Fence Rows
Tumbleweeds
Land Clearance
Air Curtain Destructors
Pest Prevention

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

Amount Burned
Ozone Season
Annual 1999
(July–September)
5,935,448 feet
Not allowed
2,155 piles
32 piles
6,397 acres + 59 piles 66 acres + 24 piles
4,044 citrus trees
1,040 trees
55 acres
55 acres

89

Maricopa County, Arizona

3.7.2.1 Burning of Agricultural Ditch Banks and Fence Rows
According to investigators at MCESD, ditch width ranges from 5 to 10 feet, fence rows are about 4 feet,
and burning occurs at least twice a year. Since there is no data kept regarding this delineation, an average 7-foot
width was assumed, with an equal prevalence of ditch banks and fencerows. The total permitted length was
assumed to be within the nonattainment area.
To calculate the amount of material burned on ditch banks and fencerows in Maricopa County, MCESD
estimated the area burned and multiplied that by the fuel loading factor (listed in Table 3-33) which relates acres to
tons of material. The tons of material burned in ditch banks and fencerows burned in Maricopa County were
estimated as follows:
Total tons of unspecified weeds burned
for ditch bank and fence row clearing = 5,935,448 ft length × 7 ft width × 3.2 tons/acre × 2 times/year
43,560 ft2 / acre
= 6,104.4 tons weeds burned/yr
Annual emissions for agricultural burning of ditch banks and fencerows (DBFR) are calculated according
to the following formula:
Annual DBFR emissions = emission factor × tons burned
= (85 lb CO/ton burned) × (6,104.4 tons burned)
= 518,874 lb CO/yr
= 259.44 tons CO/yr
We assume this type of routine agricultural burning is conducted equally throughout the available burning
season (March - October), approximately 35 weeks of the year. The seasonal adjustment factor is determined as
follows:
Seasonal adjustment factor = July-September Activity Level = 13 weeks = 0.37
Total Activity Level
35 weeks
Agricultural burning during the peak ozone season emissions occurs five days per week. Average daily
emissions are calculated as follows:
Average Daily Ozone Season emissions (lb) = (Annual Emissions lbs) × (Seasonal Adjustment Factor)
(Operation, days/week) × (Season, weeks/yr)
Example: Average Daily Ozone Season CO emissions = 518,874 lb × 0.37
5 × 13
= 2,954 lb/day
= 1.48 tons/day
Table 3-34 shows emission factors and estimated annual and daily emissions for ditch bank and fencerow
burning in the nonattainment area.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

90

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 3-34. Annual and Season Day Emissions for Ditch Bank and Fence Row Burning

VOC
NOx
CO

Emission factor for
"Unspecified Weeds"
(lbs/ton burned)
9
4
85

Annual Emissions
Lbs
Tons
54,940
27.47
24,418
12.21
518,874
259.44

Average Daily Ozone
Season Emissions
Lbs
Tons
313
0.16
139
0.07
2,954
1.48

3.7.2.2 Burning of Tumbleweeds
Permittees are required to pile tumbleweeds before burning. Tumbleweed burning permittees specify
"amount of burning" in either acres or piles. A pile of tumbleweeds 15' diameter and five feet high was estimated by
the Maricopa County/U of A Cooperative Extension Service to weigh 200 lb (MCESD, 1993). This is the same as
the AP-42 fuel loading factor for 1 acre. It is assumed "best guess" that one acre of tumbleweeds would indeed
yield one pile of the stated dimensions.
In 1999, it was estimated that 2,155 piles of tumbleweeds were burned in the Maricopa County
nonattainment area. Using the AP-42 fuel loading factor of 0.1 ton/acre for Russian thistle (tumbleweed), the total
weight burned is calculated as follows: 2,155 acres × 0.1 tons/acre = 215.50 tons/yr. Tumbleweed burning permits
are valid for one month only. In 1999, there were 1,204 acres were permitted during the months of June through
August. Burning was considered to have occurred evenly during the ozone season months. In the same manner as
above, the total weight burned is estimated at (1,204 acres × 0.1 tons/acre = 120.40 tons burned). VOC season
emissions from burning tumbleweed are calculated as follows:
VOC season emissions = tons burned × emission factor
= 120.40 tons × 1.5 lbs VOC/ton = 180.60 lb VOC
Burning is normally allowed only on the five weekdays. Season daily emissions were calculated according to the
following example:
Season Daily VOC emissions (lb) = Seasonal Emissions lb =
180.60 lb VOC
(season operation, days) 65 days/Ozone season

= 2.78 lb/day

Table 3-35. Annual and Season Day Emissions for Tumbleweed Burning

VOC
NOx
CO

Emission factor
(lbs/ton burned)
1.5
4
309

Annual Emissions
Lbs
Tons
323
0.16
860
0.43
66,590
33.29

Average Daily Ozone
Season Emissions
Lbs
Tons
3
0.00
7
0.00
572
0.29

3.7.2.3 Burning of Trees
The Maricopa County/U of A Extension Service Agricultural Agents (MCESD, 1993) estimated the weight
of citrus trees to be 500 lb/tree, assuming trees were mature, partially dried and included trunk, limbs and bulk of
roots. In 1999, three burn permits were issued for 4,044 trees in the Maricopa County nonattainment area. Using
the fuel loading factor provided by the agricultural agents, the total weight burned is calculated to be 1,011 tons.
(500 lb/tree) × (4,044 trees) × (1 ton/2,000 lb) = 1,011 tons
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

91

Maricopa County, Arizona

No emission factors are available for air curtain destructor burning of trees. Citrus tree emission factors
from the AP-42 "Open Burning" section were used.
Example:
VOC Emissions from burning trees = Emission factor × tons of wood
= 9 lb VOC/ton × 1,011 tons
= 9,099 lbs/yr
= 4.55 tons/yr
Since these tree burning permits are valid for only one month, average daily ozone season emissions are
estimated based on the permits issued during June, July, and August. During the July-September ozone season,
permits to burn a total of 3,004 trees were issued. It was assumed the burning occurred over the three-month season,
seven days a week. The ozone daily season emissions are calculated as follows:
Ozone season burned trees = (500 lb/tree) × (3,004 trees) × (1 ton/2,000 lb) = 751 tons
1999 VOC season daily emissions from burning trees = 751 tons × 9 lb/ton = 6,759 lbs VOC = 74.27 lbs VOC/day
91 days/season
Table 3-36. Annual and Season Day Emissions for Tree Burning

VOC
NOx
CO

Emission factor
(lbs/ton burned)
9
4
81

Annual Emissions
Lbs.
Tons
9,099
4.55
4,044
2.02
81,891
40.95

Average Daily Ozone
Season Emissions
Lbs.
Tons
74
0.04
33
0.02
900
0.45

3.7.2.4 Burning for Land Clearance
Materials burned for land clearance are comprised of assorted brush, grasses and some tree waste. Tree
limbs and trunks larger than 6" in diameter are required to be removed. The natural vegetation of the area is desert,
so we assume the vegetation burned can be appropriately described as "unspecified weeds" for choosing fuel loading
and emission factors.
According to the burn permit database, 6,397 acres were burned for land clearance in 1999, plus 59 piles.
Assuming a pile is equivalent to an acre, as is the case with tumbleweed, a total equivalent of 6,456 acres was
burned. Using the AP-42 fuel loading factor of 3.2 tons/acre for "unspecified weeds," the weight burned was
calculated as:
Tons of "unspecified weeds" burned for land clearance = 6,456 acres × 3.2 tons/acre
= 20,660 tons
Table 3-37 shows the AP-42 emission factors used to calculate emissions from land clearance burning. An
example emission calculation is provided below.
Tons of CO from burning for land clearance = tons burned × emission factor
= 20,660 tons × 85 lb CO/ton
= 1,756,100 lb CO
= 878.05 tons/yr
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

92

Maricopa County, Arizona

Two land clearance burn permits were issued during August 1999. Burn permits for land clearance expire
in one month, so it is assumed that the total acreage of the two permits, 5,600 acres, were burned over 4 weeks, 5
days per week.
Tons of "unspecified weeds" burned for land clearance = 5,600 acres × 3.2 tons/acre
= 17,920 tons
Thus daily emissions were calculated as:
Daily CO emissions =
from land clearance

17,920 tons × 85 lb CO/ton/ 20 days = 76,160 lbs CO/day

Table 3-37. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Land Clearance Burning

VOC
NOx
CO

Emission factor
(lbs/ton burned)
9
4
85

Annual Emissions
Lbs
Tons
185,940
92.97
82,640
41.32
1,756,100
878.05

Average Daily Ozone
Season Emissions
Lbs
Tons
8,064
4.03
3,584
1.79
76,163
38.08

3.7.2.5 Pest Prevention Burning
Pest prevention burning is comprised of assorted agricultural crops. One permit for 55 acres was issued in
1999. Since the crop was not described, an average fuel-loading factor from “unspecified field crop” and
“unspecified orchard crop” of 1.8 tons/acre was used.
55 acres × 1.8 tons/acre = 99 tons crop
The emission factors used to calculate emissions from pest prevention burning was averaged from the forementioned categories. The permit, only valid for one month, was not issued during the ozone season.
Total 1999 VOC emissions from burning for pest prevention = tons burned × emission factor
= 99 tons × 13 lb/ton = 1,287 lb VOC = 0.64 tons VOC/yr
Total 1999 NOx emissions from burning for pest prevention = tons burned × emission factor
= 99 tons × 4 lb/ton = 396 lb NOx = 0.20 tons NOx/yr
Total 1999 CO emissions from burning for pest prevention = tons burned × emission factor
= 99 tons × 84.5 lb/ton = 8,366 lb CO = 4.18 tons CO/yr
3.7.2.6 Summary for Open Burning
Total emissions from open burning are obtained by adding the emissions from each type of burning. The
results are shown in Table 3-38.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

93

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 3-38. Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions From Open Burning
Type of Burning
Ditch banks and fence rows
Tumbleweeds (Russian thistle)
Trees (citrus)
Land clearance (unspecified weeds)
Pest prevention burning
Totals:
3.7.3

VOC
tons/yr
27.47
0.16
4.55
92.97
0.64
125.79

VOC
tons/day
0.16
0.00
0.04
4.03
–
4.23

NOx
tons/yr
12.21
0.43
2.02
41.32
0.20
56.18

NOx
tons/day
0.07
0.00
0.02
1.79
–
1.88

CO
tons/yr
259.44
33.29
40.95
878.05
4.18
1,215.91

CO
tons/day
1.48
0.29
0.43
38.08
–
40.28

Publicly Owned Treatment Works (Wastewater Treatment Plants)

Emissions from wastewater treatments plants (SIC code 4952, NAICS code 22132) were identified from
the annual emissions survey. Two facilities (91st Ave. WWTP and the City of Phoenix 23rd Ave. facility) were
addressed in the point source section.
Table 3-39. Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants
Facility
157th Ave. Water Reclamation Plant
Chandler Ocotillo Water Reclamation Plant
Totals:
3.7.4

VOC tons/yr
0.54
0.70
1.24

VOC lbs/day
3
7
11

Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities

This section includes VOC, NOx and CO emissions from facilities in SIC 4953, but which are not
municipal landfills. It is assumed that there are no significant unpermitted sources in this category in the nonattainment area. The totals below were obtained from annual emissions reported submitted by each facility.
Table 3-40. Summary of Emissions from Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities

Totals:
3.7.5

VOC
tons/yr
1.83

VOC
lbs/day
22

NOx
tons/yr
1.57

NOx
lbs/day
10

CO
tons/yr
0.34

CO
lbs/day
2

Municipal Landfills

There are seven landfills within the non-attainment area that are considered area sources. (One additional
landfill is addressed in the point source section). The emissions were estimated using annual emissions reports.
Season day emissions were calculated by multiplying annual emissions by reported seasonal percentage operations
and dividing by reported operating days per week and 13 weeks in the ozone season. Table 3-41 shows a summary
of emissions from landfills in the nonattainment area.
Table 3-41. Summary of Emissions from Landfills

Totals:

VOC
tons/yr
17.03

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

VOC
lbs/day
107

NOx
tons/yr
28.24

94

NOx
lbs/day
168

CO
tons/yr
36.33

CO
lbs/day
205

Maricopa County, Arizona

3.7.6

Summary of Waste Disposal
Table 3-42. Summary of Annual and Season Day Emissions from Waste Disposal

Category
On-Site Incineration
Industrial, Commercial/Institutional
and Residential Open Burning
Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Treatment, Storage and Disposal
Facilities
Municipal Landfills
Total Waste Disposal Emissions:

VOC
tons/day
0.00
4.23

NOx
tons/yr
10.34
56.18

1.24
1.83

0.01
0.01

1.57

0.01

0.34

0.00

17.03
146.20

0.05
4.30

28.24
96.33

0.08
2.01

36.33
1,253.02

0.10
40.38

VOC
tons/yr
0.31
125.79

3.8

Miscellaneous

3.8.1

Leaking Underground Storage Tanks

NOx
CO
tons/day tons/yr
0.04
0.44
1.88
1,215.91

CO
tons/day
0.00
40.28

1993 emissions estimates for this category were used to estimate emissions in 1999 (MCESD, 1993). The
data kept in the MCESD soil remediation database has been extended to include outlet of VOC emissions in lbs/day,
however the data is grossly incomplete. Based on current database entries, only eight sources reported, with total
annual VOC emissions at 2 tons/yr. Therefore the County has decided to retain data from the earlier inventory as a
conservative approach for estimating emissions from this category.
Annual VOC Emissions from Leaking Underground Storage Tanks = 192.80 tons/yr
Ozone Season Day VOC from Leaking Underground Storage Tanks = 0.74 tons/day
3.8.2

Catastrophic/Accidental Release

3.8.2.1 Emissions from Forest Fires
The Arizona State Land Department provided the number of wildfires that occurred in and around
Maricopa County in 1999. Thirty-three wildfires occurred, burning a total of 192 acres. The following EPA
emission factors are used to calculate the emissions. (EPA, 1996) The emission factors include the fuel-loading
factors.
VOC emission factor
= 269 kg/hectare or 239.5 lb/acre
NOx emission factor
= 45 kg/hectare or 40.1 lb/acre
CO emission factor
= 1570 kg/hectare or 1397.8 lb/acre
CO emissions 192 acres × 1397.8 lb/acre = 268,380 lbs CO/yr or 134.19 tons CO/yr
It was assumed that the fires occurred evenly throughout the year for calculating season day emissions.
CO daily emissions = 268,380 lbs/yr × 0.25
91 days

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

= 737.3 lbs CO/day or 0.37 tons CO/day

95

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 3-43. Emission Factors for Brush Fires
Pollutant
VOC
NOx
CO

Emission Factor
(lb/acre)
239.5
40.1
1,397.8

Annual Emissions
(tons/yr)
22.99
3.85
134.19

Ozone Season Day
Emissions (tons/day)
0.06
0.01
0.37

3.8.2.2 Structure, Motor Vehicle, and Brush Fires
This section includes emissions from structure and motor vehicle fires. Data was compiled by a survey to
all fire departments in the nonattainment area, a complete list of which was obtained from the Arizona Department
of Emergency Services. The letter and survey form to the directors of these fire departments is included in
Appendix 3-3. The numbers of structural, vehicle, and brush fires during the 1999 calendar year was requested.
Eighteen permits obtained for fire training were included in the number of structure fires. For stations that did not
return the survey, 1996 information was used. It is important to note that these emissions may be overstated because
the fire data may only represent a partial burn.
Estimates of the material burned in a structure fire are obtained by multiplying the number of structure fires
by a fuel loading factor of 1.15 tons of material per fire, which factors in percent structural loss and content loss
(EPA, July, 1999).
The automobile fire emission factors listed below are a composite developed from factors in Tables 2.2-1
and 2.4-1 of AP-42, and reflect average car body weight and components, and assuming 60% of the fires included
tires. Table 2.2-1 of AP-42 lists emission factors for the incineration of stripped automobiles (“EF body”) and Table
2.4-1 list emission factors for the burning of automobile components (“EF components”). All emission factors were
derived as in the following example calculation:
Composite Emission Factor lb/car = 0.6 × (EF body + EF components) + 0.4 × EF body
Assuming that there are 500 lbs of components on an automobile (0.25 tons components/car) with a 3,700lb body, then the CO emission factor for components (125 lb/ton from Table 2.4-1 in AP-42) is multiplied by 0.25.
This results in an emission factor of 31.25 lb/car, which is used as the “EF components” factor in the above equation. The “EF body” emission factor is taken directly from Table 2.2-1. Thus:
Composite Emission Factor lb/car = 0.6 × (2.5 + 31.25) + (0.4 × 2.5) = 21.25 lb CO/car
The emission factors for vegetation burned were identical to those used for “unspecified weeds” in Section
3.7.2. Vegetation burned includes fences, alley, trash, and yard fires of accidental occurrence for which local fire
departments have records. As the average size of the fires is unknown, it was assumed to be equal to 0.1 acres.
Table 3-44. Emission Factors for Structure, Motor Vehicle, and Brush Fires
Number of
Fuel Loading
Type of Fire
Fires
Factor
Structure
3,769
1.15 tons/structure
Automobile 4.901
N/A
Brush
6,967
3.2 tons/acre

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

CO Emission
Factor (lb/ton)
60
21.25 lb/car
85

96

NOx Emission
Factor (lb/ton)
1.4
0.7 lb/car
4

VOC Emission
Factor (lb/ton)
11
5.3 lb/car
9

Maricopa County, Arizona

As no seasonal data on brush fires is available, fires are assumed to occur equally throughout the year, and
throughout a seven-day week. Therefore, the total emissions per year for each category are divided by 365 to
estimate season day emissions.
Example:
Annual CO emissions from structure fires = (no. fires) × (fuel loading factor) × (CO emission factor)
= 3,769 × 1.15× 60
= 260,061 lbs/yr
= 130.03 tons/yr
Table 3-45. Annual and Average Daily Ozone Season Emissions from Structure, Motor Vehicle, and Brush Fires
Category
Structure Fires
Motor Vehicle Fires
Brush Fires
Total

VOC
tons/yr
23.84
12.99
10.03
46.86

VOC
tons/day
0.01
0.01
0.005
0.025

NOx
tons/yr
2.64
1.72
4.46
8.82

NOx
tons/day
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.004

CO
tons/yr
130.03
52.07
94.75
276.85

CO
tons/day
0.06
0.03
0.05
0.14

3.8.2.3 Fire Fighting Training
The 1999 annual emissions for fire fighting training were included as structure fires in Table 3-45.
3.8.3

Repair Shops

Emissions from this category were not calculated separately. Instead, these emissions are incorporated in
other sections, point sources, industrial processes and other solvent usage.
3.8.4

Health Services

The 1999 emissions for health services were obtained from the annual emission reports submitted by these
facilities with Tier Codes 080699 or 140599. Total annual VOC emissions were 19.59 tons. Ozone season day
emissions, calculated using summer seasonal percentage and days of operation, were 0.06 tons/day. Total
employment reported by point and area sources facilities was comparable to employment data obtained from the
County Business Patterns website. Thus it was assumed that there are no significant unpermitted sources in this
category.
3.8.5

Summary of Miscellaneous Area Sources
Table 3-46. Annual and Average Daily Ozone Season Emissions from Other Area Sources

Category
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Wild Fires
Structure Fires
Motor Vehicle Fires
Brush Fires
Repair Shops
Health Services
Total Other Area Source Emissions:

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

VOC
VOC
tons/yr tons/day
192.80
0.74
22.99
0.06
23.84
0.01
12.99
0.01
10.03
0.01
0
0
19.59
0.06
282.24
0.89

97

NOx
tons/yr

NOx
tons/day

CO
tons/yr

CO
tons/day

3.85
2.64
1.72
4.46
0

0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0

134.19
130.03
52.07
94.75
0

0.37
0.06
0.03
0.05
0

12.67

0.01

411.04

0.51

Maricopa County, Arizona

3.9

Summary of All Area Source Emissions
Table 3-47. Summary of All Area Source Annual and Season Day Emissions by Category

Category / Subcategory
External Combustion Sources:
Industrial Fuel Oil Combustion
Industrial Natural Gas Combustion
Commercial/Institutional Fuel Combustion
Residential Fuel Combustion
Category Totals:
Internal Combustion Sources:
Industrial Natural Gas Combustion
Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas
Category Totals:
Industrial Processes:
Plastic Product and Rubber Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Agriculture, Food & Kindred Products
Wood, Pulp & Paper, & Publishing
Products
Mineral Products
Electronic Equipment
Miscellaneous Industrial Processes
Category Totals:
Solvent Utilization:
Degreasing
Graphic Arts
Dry Cleaning
Surface Coating:
-Large Appliances and Other Appliances
-Metal Coils, Sheets, and Strips
-Paper/Fabric
-Wood Furniture
-Factory Finished Wood
-Miscellaneous Finished Metals
-Plastic Products
-Marine
-Railroad
-Machinery and Equipment
-High Performance Maintenance Coatings
-Other Special Purpose Coatings
-Metal Furniture
-Other Surface Coating
Non-industrial Surface Coating:
-Architectural Coatings
-Automobile Refinishing
-Traffic Markings

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

VOC
tons/yr

VOC
tons/day

NOx
tons/yr

122.51
15.30
22.72
2,027.76
2,188.29

0.39
0.05
0.06
0.38
0.88

1,502.62
278.18
413.16
704.07
2,898.03

13.44
190.85
204.29

0.04
0.53
0.57

329.16
4,388.53
4,717.69

115.05
3.50
313.54
0.0

0.47
0.02
1.02
0.0

33.45
6.57
142.83
614.94

0.13
0.03
0.66
2.33

101.83
348.43
32.90

0.37
1.28
0.13

1.65
161.18
35.64
140.44
26.68
156.40
35.31
90.15
4.36
66.07
30.65
19.60
1.50
177.42

0.01
0.62
0.14
0.56
0.10
0.60
0.15
0.35
0.02
0.25
0.11
0.07
0.01
0.61

6,801.44
264.36
137.45

18.63
1.02
0.44

98

0.0

NOx
tons/day

CO
CO
tons/yr tons/day

4.82
323.40
0.86
233.67
1.06
347.05
0.81 2,510.61
7.55 3,414.73
1.01
12.05
13.06

0.0

46.24
742.41
788.65

0.0

1.04
0.72
0.88
0.71
3.35
0.14
2.04
2.18

0.0

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 3-47. Summary of All Area Source Annual and Season Day Emissions by Category (continued)
Category / Subcategory
VOC
VOC
NOx
NOx
CO
CO
tons/yr
tons/day tons/yr tons/day tons/yr tons/day
Other Solvent Utilization:
-Asphalt Paving
1,857.73
7.15
-Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use
8,960.16
24.55
-Pesticide Application
3,046.26
7.47
-Other
97.95
0.38
22,595.56
65.02
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Category Totals:
Storage and Transport:
Petroleum & Petroleum Product Transport:
–Tank Truck Cleaning
–Tank Truck Unloading
–Tank Trucks in Transit
–Vehicle Refueling
Service Stations: Breathing & Emptying
Volatile Organic Liquid Storage and
Transfer
Aircraft Refueling
Local Storage (Airport AV-Gas)
Bulk Plants Storage and Transfer
Category Totals:
Waste Disposal:
On-Site Incineration
Industrial, Commercial/Institutional and
Residential Open Burning
Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities
Municipal Landfills
Category Totals:
Miscellaneous:
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Catastrophic/Accidental Release:
–Wild Fires
–Structure Fires
–Motor Vehicle Fires
–Brush Fires
Health Services
Category Totals:
Area Source Totals:

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

31.76
3,454.53
72.38
1,326.80
773.50
14.29

0.19
10.20
0.20
3.90
2.12
0.06

57.48
38.30
12.39
5,781.43

0.16
0.16
0.03
17.02

0.31
125.79

0.00
4.23

10.34
56.18

0.04
1.88

0.44
1215.91

0.00
40.28

1.24
1.83
17.03
146.20

0.01
0.01
0.05
4.30

1.57
28.24
96.33

0.01
0.08
2.01

0.34
36.33
1253.02

0.00
0.10
40.38

192.80

0.74

22.99
23.84
12.99
10.03
19.59
282.24
31,812.95

0.06
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.06
0.89
91.01

3.85
2.64
1.72
4.46

0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00

134.19
130.03
52.07
94.75

0.37
0.06
0.03
0.05

0.01
411.04
22.63 5,867.44

0.51
46.42

99

12.67
7,724.72

Maricopa County, Arizona

3.10

References for Section 3
Arizona Department of Transportation. Taxable Acquisition Report. 1999.

Arizona Department of Weights and Measures, 2001. Telephone conversation for Stage II implementation
information: (602) 255-5211, July 2001.
Asphalt Institute, 2001. Correspondence and telephone conversation with Gary Fitts and Earl Arp for
Arizona asphalt usage: (210) 590-9644 and (859) 288-4976, August 2001.
Maricopa Association of Governments. Update of the Population and Socioeconomic Database for
Maricopa County. March 1999.
Maricopa Association of Governments. 1994 Regional PM10 Emission Inventory for the Maricopa County
Nonattainment Area. 1997.
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department. 1993 Base Year Ozone Emission Inventory. July
1996.
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department. 1996 Base Year Ozone Emission Inventory.
November 1999.
Maricopa Association of Governments. 1999 VMT estimates in the CO/Ozone nonattainment area of
Maricopa County. 2001
Radian Corp. "VOC Emissions from Leaking Underground Storage Tanks." Technical Memo from Glenn
Rives and Lauren Elmore, April 30, 1992.
U.S. Census Bureau. Censtats County Business Patterns (NAICS). 1999.
U.S. Census Bureau. 1997 Economic Consensus: Bridge Between NAICS and SIC. 1997.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. AIRS Facility Subsystem Source Classification Codes and
Emission Factor Listing for Criteria Air Pollutants. EPA-450/4-90-003. March 1990a.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Inventory Requirements for Ozone State
Implementation Plans. EPA-450/4-91-010, March 1991a.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Procedures for the Preparation of Emission Inventories for Carbon
Monoxide and Precursors of Ozone, Vol. I. EPA-450/4-91-016. May 1991b.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. User’s Guide to
TANKS, Version 2.0. September, 1993.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Vol. I & II, AP42, 1995.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Chapter 5 Consumer and Commercial Solvent Use, Vol. III, EIIP,
August 1996.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Handbook for Criteria Pollutant Inventory Development: A
Beginner's Guide for Point and Area Sources. EPA-454/R-99-037. September 1999.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Chapter 11 Gasoline Marketing (Stage I and Stage II), Vol. III,
EIIP, January 2001.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Chapter 17 Asphalt Paving, Vol. III, EIIP, January 2001.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

100

Maricopa County, Arizona

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Chapter 9 Pesticides – Agricultural and Nonagricultural, Vol. III,
EIIP, June 2001.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 5th Edition Vol. I
& II, AP-42 Supplements A, B, C, D, and E, October 1996- July 2000.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

101

Maricopa County, Arizona

SECTION 4. NONROAD MOBILE SOURCES
4.1

Introduction and Scope

The nonroad mobile source emissions inventory includes aircraft, locomotives, diesel equipment, 4-stroke
gasoline equipment, and 2-stroke gasoline equipment. Aircraft activity at unpaved airports is not accounted for in
this inventory because the activity is considered insignificant. There are no coal-burning locomotives in the nonattainment area. Emissions from off-road equipment such as snowplows and snowmobiles were not included
because the Phoenix area does not receive enough snow. Commercial marine vessels were not included since there
are no navigable bodies of water suitable. There was only negligible activity for recreational marine vessels within
the nonattainment area; therefore no emissions were quantified.
Aircraft emissions were calculated using survey information provided by the airports and incorporating
these data into the EPA’s FAA Aircraft Engine Emissions Database (FAEED). Survey information was also used
for calculating locomotive emissions. Emission estimates for diesel equipment, 4-stroke and 2-stroke gasoline
equipment sources were developed using the Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. study prepared for EPA's
Office of Mobile Sources (OMS). Nonroad gasoline equipment includes recreational vehicles, construction equipment, industrial/commercial equipment, lawn and garden equipment, and farm equipment. Nonroad diesel equipment includes the same equipment, minus the lawn and garden equipment. These emissions estimates were adjusted
to reflect growth and conditions specific to the nonattainment area as explained in section 4.4.
Nonroad emission calculations include 1999 annual and average daily ozone season CO, NOx, and VOC.
Conversion factors found in the guidance document (EPA, 1992) were used to convert hydrocarbons (HC) to VOC
for aircraft. Hydrocarbon speciation data were used to calculate VOC from HC data reported for diesel locomotives.
Methane and ethane contributions were subtracted from HC values for the combustion of diesel fuel in reciprocating
diesel fuel engines (Radian Corp.).

4.2

Procedures for Estimating Emissions from Aircraft

Emission factors for estimating aircraft emissions were determined using the FAA Aircraft Engine Emissions Database (FAEED). Airport operations data for 1999 were collected from the airports through surveys sent by
mail. All airports except Stellar Aviation responded, therefore 1996 operation numbers were used for Stellar
Aviation. Table 4-1 shows those general aviation airports included in this inventory and the number of operations.
The number of operations is defined as a landing or a take-off, while an LTO is a landing and take-off cycle.
Therefore, the number of airport operations is divided by two to calculate the number of LTOs.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

103

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 4-1. Airports and Operation Data
Airport
Chandler Municipal Airport
Stellar Aviation
Glendale Municipal Airport
Phoenix Goodyear Airport
Luke Air Force Base
Mesa Falcon Field Airport
Deer Valley Airport
Scottsdale Airport
Phoenix Sky Harbor
Williams Gateway Airport
Total

4.2.1

1999 Operations
221,018
60,000
130,055
136,278
168,520
263,988
290,791
230,571
557,458
236,278
2,294,957

1999 LTOs
110,509
30,000
65,028
68,139
84,260
131,994
145,396
115,286
278,729
118,139
1,147,480

Emission Factors

The alternative fleet-average method, outlined in Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation Volume
IV: Mobile Sources (EPA, 1992), was used to calculate emissions for all types of aircraft and the emission factors
are shown below in Table 4-2. For this method, the emission factors for all unique engines in a certain aircraft type
category were averaged. When there was more than one type of engine for a specific aircraft, the engine having
maximum CO emissions at idle was used. Emission factors were then back calculated by taking emission estimates
from FAEED and dividing by LTO cycles. For this method, the emission factors for all unique engines in a certain
aircraft type category were averaged since they were reported together in FAEED.
Table 4-2. Aircraft Emission Factors
Aircraft Type
Air Carrier
Air Taxi
General Aviation Single-Engine Piston
General Aviation Single-Engine Turboprop
General Aviation Multiple-Engine Piston
General Aviation Multiple-Engine Turboprop
General Military
Military F-16s
Helicopters

HC Multiplier
for VOC
1.0947
1.0947
0.9649
1.0631
0.9649
1.0631
1.1046
1.1046
0.9708

lbs VOC/
LTO
3.57
13.17
0.41
0.12
1.13
2.20
77.84
0.66
2.99

lbs NOx/
LTO
62.33
32.83
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.43
21.43
10.46
2.02

lbs CO/
LTO
17.25
36.32
25.55
7.87
89.72
18.92
83.87
21.06
5.43

Data on specific air carrier operations from 1999 and aircraft type information for 1998 from Phoenix Sky
Harbor was used for these emission factors. Air taxi emission factors were determined using aircraft type
information in FAEED for long- and medium-range jets by using all unique engines once and then dividing by the
number of engines. General aviation emission factors were determined using the aircraft type information in
FAEED for the five different categories of general aviation: single engine piston, multi-engine piston, single engine
turboprop, multi-engine turboprop, and helicopters. General military emission estimates were determined as a fleet
average using all military aircraft in FAEED except fighter jets. As F-16 aircraft comprise most of Luke Air Force
Base's airport operations, those emissions were calculated using FAEED. No emission factors were available for the
business jet category, so the air carrier emission factor was used, and emissions were included under general
aviation.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

104

Maricopa County, Arizona

4.2.2

Summary of Aircraft Emissions

The FAEED model was used to generate emission factors for this inventory. Emissions and emission
factors for CO, NOx, and HC are obtained and then VOC is calculated from HC using conversion data (EPA, 1992,
p. 198). Table 4-3 presents the annual and daily emissions estimated by aircraft type and airport. To calculate
general aviation emissions, the percentage of each type of aircraft was estimated from information provided by the
airports in the MAG Aviation Air Quality Survey for Airports (MAG, 1996).
Phoenix Sky Harbor airport's summer activity, June through August, was 24.6% of the total annual activity.
This was used in calculation of the season day emissions for Sky Harbor only. Other airport summer activity was
calculated according to percentage of second quarter activity, which was provided in the surveys. Example calculations for Sky Harbor follow the table.
4.2.3

Examples

Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport provided the following operations data for 1999 and aircraft type information
from 1998.
Type
Air Carrier
General Aviation
Military

No. of 1999 Operations
475,627
77,375
4,456

Air taxi and helicopter operations were included with the air carrier operations. The three monthly reports
provided by the airport separated out air taxi operations. The average percentage of air taxi operations from these
reports was 19%; therefore there are 90,369 air taxi operations. In addition, 7.5%, or 35,672 of reported total air
carrier operations are helicopter operations. Unlike the other airports, the information Phoenix Sky Harbor provided
was sufficient to create an air carrier aircraft-specific model using FAEED. Results are shown in Appendix 4-1.
Table 4-3. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Aviation
Airport
Aircraft Type
Carefree/ Chandler Air Taxi
General Aviation
Military
Deer Valley
General Aviation
Military
Glendale
Air Taxi
General Aviation
Goodyear
Air Carrier
General Aviation
Military
Luke AFB
Air Carrier/Taxi
General Aviation
Military
Falcon Field
Air Carrier
Air Taxi
General Aviation
Military

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

VOC
tons/yr
4.7
29.5
2.0
40.4
11.4
3.8
7.8
1.0
16.7
2.5
7.1
2.9
25.1
0.0
10.9
44.1
208.2

VOC
lbs/day
24
150
10
195
55
21
43
5
85
13
40
16
142
0
51
206
974

105

NOx
tons/yr
11.8
4.8
0.5
64.8
2.9
9.5
0.9
17.5
2.0
0.6
40.1
0.4
397.1
0.7
27.2
17.1
53.2

NOx
lbs/day
60
24
3
313
14
52
5
89
10
3
226
2
2,243
3
127
80
249

CO
tons/yr
13.0
1,818.5
2.0
2,294.0
11.4
10.5
515.0
4.8
1,076.7
2.5
22.6
105.8
799.4
0.2
30.1
1,823.6
208.2

CO
lbs/day
66
9,272
10
11,086
55
58
2,830
25
5,514
13
126
591
4466
1
141
8,537
974

Maricopa County, Arizona

Airport
Phoenix Sky
Harbor Int'l.
Scottsdale
Stellar
Williams

Totals:

Table 4-3. Annual and Season Day Emissions from Aviation (continued)
NOx
NOx
VOC
VOC
CO
Aircraft Type
tons/yr
lbs/day
tons/yr
lbs/day
tons/yr
Air Carrier
312.4
1,689
5,450.6
29,469
1,508.2
Air Taxi
80.5
435
1,405.5
7,599
388.9
General Aviation
40.0
217
26.9
145
750.4
Military
93.4
505
23.9
129
93.4
Air Taxi
23.8
115
59.4
285
65.6
General Aviation
47.3
228
217.7
1,048
2,109.6
Military
9.6
46
2.4
12
9.6
General Aviation
7.9
43
1.9
11
406.4
Air Carrier
1.0
5
16.8
79
4.7
Air Taxi
15.2
72
37.9
178
41.9
General Aviation
42.0
198
80.4
378
2,734.6
Military
934.9
4,397
238.9
1,123
934.9
2,026.0
9,980
8,213.4
43,960
17,786.5

CO
lbs/day
8,154
2,103
4,057
505
316
10,154
46
2,233
22
197
12,862
4,397
87,910

For the general aviation category, aircraft type information from the MAG Aviation Survey conducted in
1994 was used to split the category into business jets, single-engine piston, multi-engine piston, single-engine
turboprop, and multi-engine turboprop based on percentage of LTOs of each type of aircraft. Operations for 1999
were then further split as shown in Table 4-4.
Table 4-4. Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport: 1999 Operations
Type
1999 Operations
Air Carrier
349,586
Air Taxi
90,369
Helicopters
35,672
General Aviation:
77,375
–Business Jet
464
–Single-engine Piston
57,412
–Multi-engine Piston
13,618
–Single-engine Turboprop
0
–Multi-engine Turboprop
5,881
Military
4,456
557,458
Totals:

1999 LTO Cycles
174,793
45,184
17,836
38,688
232
28,706
6,809
0
2,941
2,228
278,729

4.2.3.1 Phoenix Sky Harbor Air Carrier
The following emission factors were determined by using the FAEED model. The inputs were the number
of aircraft LTO cycles by aircraft type using 1999 operations (minus helicopters) and 1998 aircraft type supplied by
Sky Harbor (Appendix 4-2). HC emissions were multiplied by the VOC conversion factor 1.0947 (EPA, 1992).
The season daily emissions were calculated by multiplying FAEED output by the 24.6% summer seasonal
percentage and dividing by 7 days a week and 13 weeks. Results are shown in Table 4-5.
Table 4-5. Phoenix Sky Harbor Air Carrier Emissions from FAEED
Pollutant
VOC
NOx
CO

lbs/yr
624,750
10,901,280
3,016,396

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

tons/yr
312.4
5,450.6
1,508.2

106

lbs/season day
1,671
29,149
8,066

Maricopa County, Arizona

For other airports with air carrier operations, an average emission factor was calculated for each pollutant
based on the Phoenix Sky Harbor total air carrier emissions and dividing by LTO cycles.
VOC= 785,849 lbs / 219,981 LTO = 3.57 lbs/LTO
NOx = 13,712,302 lbs / 219,981 LTO = 62.33 lbs/LTO
CO = 3,794,209 lbs / 219,981 LTO = 17.25 lbs/LTO
4.2.3.2 Phoenix Sky Harbor Air Taxi
Air taxi emission factors were calculated from FAEED by averaging all long- and medium-range jets in the
database and then dividing by the number of unique engines. Emission factors are shown in Table 4-2. Emissions
for all airports except Phoenix Sky Harbor were calculated by multiplying air taxi LTO cycles by the emission
factors. As discussed above, Sky Harbor taxi and carrier operations were reported together. Therefore of the total
air carrier emissions calculated by FAEED for each pollutant, 20.5% were air taxi emissions. HC emissions were
multiplied by the VOC conversion factor 1.0947 (EPA, 1992). The season daily emissions were calculated by
multiplying the annual emissions by the 24.6% summer seasonal percentage and dividing by 7 days a week and 13
weeks per season. Results are shown in Table 4-6.
Table 4-6. Phoenix Sky Harbor Air Taxi Emissions from FAEED
Pollutant
VOC
NOx
CO

lbs/yr
161,099
2,811,040
777,813

tons/yr
80.5
1,405.5
388.9

lbs/season day
431
7,516
2,080

Emissions for General Aviation included helicopters, and used the emission factors derived from FAEED. Military
emissions were calculated using the FAEED emission factor for general military and the reported LTOs.
4.3

Procedure for Estimating Emissions from Locomotives

Chapter 6 of EPA's Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources (EPA,
1992), was followed when estimating locomotive emissions. Railroad operations are separated into three categories:
1) Class I line haul; 2) Class II and Class III line haul; and 3) yard operations. No Class II or Class III line haul
(locally operated railroads), were operated within the nonattainment boundaries of Maricopa County in 1999. CO,
NOx, HC, and VOC emissions were calculated from Class I line haul and yard operations data and EPA emission
factors (EPA, 1992, Tables 6-1 and 6-2). Total locomotive emissions in the inventory area were calculated by
summing the emissions for both categories.
Railroads operating within the nonattainment boundaries of the Maricopa County are:
1.

Union Pacific / Southern Pacific Railroad Company (UP)
Ms. Deb Schafer (402) 271-2358
1416 Dodge Street, Room 930
Omaha, NE 68179

2.

Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Company (BNSF)
Mr. John Chavez (909) 386-4082
740 E. Carnegie Drive
San Bernadino, CA 92408-3571

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Maricopa County, Arizona

4.3.1

Line Haul Locomotives

Class I line haul locomotives carry mainly interstate freight and most of the passenger service. Emissions
were calculated by multiplying the amount of fuel consumed by these locomotives in the inventory area by the
appropriate emission factors (EPA, 1992, Table 6-1). UP provided 1999 Gross Tons (GT) and a Fuel Consumption
Index (FCI) for all trains scheduled to operate in the nonattainment area of Maricopa County (Appendix 4-3). The
following calculations show how the line haul locomotive emissions were obtained.
BNSF provided a Fuel Consumption Index (FCI) of 734 GTM/gal. (GTM = Gross Ton Miles)
1999 Gallons of Diesel per Line Segment =[ GT × Length of segment (miles) ] / FCI
=

37,570,000 GT × 49.0 miles = 2,508,079 gallons diesel/yr
734 GTM/gallon

1999 BNSF line haul locomotive emissions are:
Emissions lbs/yr = (annual fuel consumption) × (emission factor)
NOx lbs/yr = (2,508,079 gal) × (0.4931 lbs/gal)
= 1,236,734 lbs/yr
= 618.4 tons/yr
CO lbs/yr

= (2,508,079 gal) × (0.0626 lbs/gal)
= 157,006 lbs/yr
= 78.5 tons/yr

THC lbs/yr = (2,508,079 gal) × (0.0211 lbs/gal)
= 52,920 lbs/yr
= 26.5 tons/yr
VOC Profile Speciation for Diesel Engines: (Radian Corp.)
VOC = [1 – (0.1160 methane + 0.0280 ethane)] × (Total hydrocarbons, THC)
VOC = (1 – 0.1440) × (THC)
VOC = 0.856 × THC
VOC lbs/year =
=
=
=

0.856 × lbs HC
0.856 × 52,920 lbs
45,300 lbs/yr
22.6 tons/yr

The Union Pacific Railway Company (UP) determined fuel consumption and calculated emissions
following the same method as described above. Traffic density data and fuel consumption index were provided by
UP (Appendix 4-4). The 1999 fuel consumption as reported by UP for line haul locomotives in Maricopa County is
calculated as follows:
1999 Gallons of Diesel per Line Segment: = 68,380,000 GT × 413 miles = 39,114,875 gallons diesel/yr
722 GTM/gallon
1999 UP line haul locomotive emissions are:
NOx lbs/yr = (39,114,875 gal) × (0.4931 lbs/gal)
= 19,287,555 lbs/yr
= 9,643.8 tons/yr
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108

Maricopa County, Arizona

CO lbs/yr

= (39,114,875 gal) × (0.0626 lbs/gal)
= 2,448,591 lbs/yr
= 1,224.3 tons/yr

THC lbs/yr = (39,114,875 gal) × (0.0211 lbs/gal)
= 825,324 lbs/yr
= 412.7 tons/yr
VOC lbs/yr =
=
=
=

0.856 × lbs HC
0.856 × 825,324 lbs
706,477 lbs/yr
353.2 tons/yr

Season day emissions were obtained by dividing annual totals by 365. Table 4-7 shows the line haul locomotive estimates by company for both the year and season day in 1999.
Table 4-7. Summary of Annual 1999 Emissions from Class 1 Line Haul Locomotives
Company
Union Pacific/ Southern Pacific Railroad
Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway
Totals:
4.3.2

VOC
tons/yr
353.2
22.6
375.8

VOC
lbs/day
1,936
124
2,060

NOx
tons/yr
9,643.8
618.4
10,262.2

NOx
lbs/day
52,843
3,388
56,231

CO
tons/yr
1,224.3
78.5
1,302.8

CO
lbs/day
6,709
430
7,139

Yard Locomotives

Emission calculations for yard locomotives are based on the number of yard/switch locomotives in
operation during 1999. Yard/switch locomotives are primarily responsible for moving railcars within a particular
railway yard. The national average of annual emissions per yard locomotive is multiplied by the total number of
yard locomotives in operation to calculate emissions in tons per year. These emission factors were acquired from
Table 6-2 of EPA's Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation Vol. IV Mobile Sources (EPA, 1992). UP
verified that four yard locomotives operated in 1999. BNSF verified that twelve yard locomotives operated in 1999.
Therefore, the total number of yard locomotives in Maricopa County is sixteen. Emission calculations for these
sixteen yard locomotives are shown below.
Emissions (lb/year) = (number of yard/switch locomotives) × (emission factor, lbs/yard locomotive)
VOC emissions = 16 × 4,174 × 0.856 = 57,167 lbs/yr

= 28.6 tons/yr

NOx emissions

= 16 × 41,608

= 665,728 lbs/yr = 332.9 tons/yr

CO emissions

= 16 × 7,375

= 118,000 lbs/yr = 59.0 tons/yr

Season day emissions were obtained by dividing the annual total by 365.
4.3.3

Summary of Locomotive Emissions

Total annual and season daily emissions from locomotives in the Maricopa County nonattainment area are
shown in Table 4-8.

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Table 4-8. Summary of 1999 Average Daily Ozone Season Emissions from Locomotives
Locomotive Type
Line haul, Class I
Line haul, Classes II and III
Yard operations
Totals:

4.4

VOC
tons/yr
375.8
0.0
28.6
404.4

VOC
lbs/day
2,060
0
157
2,217

NOx
tons/yr
10,262.2
0.0
332.9
10,595.1

NOx
lbs/day
56,231
0
1,824
58,055

CO
tons/yr
1,302.8
0.0
59.0
1,361.8

CO
lbs/day
7,139
0
323
7,462

Gasoline and Diesel Nonroad Equipment

Emissions for this category were calculated by growing 1996 emissions data using EPA’s Economic
Growth Analysis System (E-GAS). These growth factors came from the Economic Growth Analysis System
(EGAS), which was developed for the Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) inventory. EGAS, an EPA economic and
activity forecast model, provides credible growth factors for developing projected emission inventories. The factors
take into account our specific region and county, and required the input of time, from 1996 to 1999. See Appendix
4-7 for growth factors used listed by engine type. The 1999 annual and average season day emissions listed in
Appendix 4-6 for each source category were then calculated by multiplying the 1996 calculated emissions with
appropriate growth factors for the period 1996–1999. The following general equation was used to calculate 1999
emissions:
1999 Emissions = 1996 Emissions × EGAS Growth Factor
For some of the nonroad equipment, adjustments were made to properly calculate 1999 emissions.
Oxygenated fuel effects were quantified for gasoline-powered equipment. This was a committed measure of the
MAG 1999 Serious Area CO Plan, “Winter Fuel Reformulated Gasoline with 3.5 Percent Oxygen Content
November 1 through March 31” (MAG, 1999). MAG ran EPA’s CO COMPLEX model, and ascertained a 4.14%
reduction in CO emissions from the nonroad gasoline-powered equipment, which was applied to the emissions.
The other adjustment was based on the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality revised contracted
study called the Reanalysis of the Voluntary Early Ozone Plan or REOP (ADEQ, 2000). With respect to lawn
mowers, local data collected by ADEQ for use in the REOP showed that the 5% to 95% split between 2-stroke and
4-stroke engines based on the VEOP (ADEQ, 1999) that was used in the 1996 emissions inventory was inaccurate.
In Maricopa County, surveyed residents indicated the split is 15% 2-stroke to 85% 4-stroke (ADEQ, 1999). The
1996 emissions were adjusted to reflect this new split, as the 1996 emissions estimates were the basis for the 1999
emissions.
Seasonal data from NEVES, the Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study, were replaced for all
nonroad equipment categories. For agricultural equipment, seasonal percentages were determined using local
statistics on crop acreage and tractor activity (Appendix 4-8). The crop acres were obtained from the 1999 Arizona
Agricultural Statistics (AASS, 2000). Data on tractor activity for various crops were taken from both the 1993–1994
Arizona Vegetable Crop Budgets (U of A, 1993) and the 1994–1995 Arizona Field Crop Budgets (U of A, 1994)
since more recent budgets did not contain the same detailed information. Taking the harvested acres of the principal
crops grown in Maricopa County, a weighted seasonal activity average was calculated using monthly tractor activity
per acre. This calculation included 222,402 acres of principal crops for which the following equation was used:

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

110

Maricopa County, Arizona



Summer % =

 no. tractor passes per acre in summer season  

no. of tractor passes per acre per year  

∑ crop acreage × 


total crop acreage

[(83,700 × 1/28) + (14,100 × 0/9) + (23,400 × 0/9) + (69,900 × 3/32) + (702 × 28/39) + (4,400 × 15/28)
+ (300 × 33/37) + (2,700 × 0/23) + (10,200 × 15/103) + (3,600 × 4/30) + (7,500 × 0/35)] × 100%
Summer % =
222,402 acres
Summer % = 7.3%
For all nonroad equipment other than agricultural equipment, seasonal percentages were taken from
monthly activity fractions listed in the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Documentation of Input Factors for
the New Off-road Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Model (EEA, 1992). The activity levels are provided in
Appendix 4-9. MCESD chose to use these seasonal percentages because they more closely resemble the limited
data available for Maricopa County. For example, the CARB seasonal percentage of lawn and garden equipment
activity for the winter season is 19.1%. In comparison, the NEVES study indicates that only 6% of the lawn and
garden activity occur in the winter based on an analysis of agricultural activity from different climate areas of the
country. This changes the ozone season day emissions, since the summer percentage according to CARB is 28.5%.
This seasonal adjustment was applied to all engines in the NEVES lawn and garden category. The emission
estimates for nonroad equipment are listed in Table 4-9.
Table 4-9. Summary of All Nonroad Equipment Emissions
Equipment Type
Diesel
4-Stroke Gasoline
2-Stroke Gasoline
Totals:

4.5

VOC
tons/yr
3,211.14
11,585.05
11,378.11
26,174.30

VOC
tons/day
8.66
35.07
35.03
78.76

NOx
tons/yr
14,541.53
344.44
247.30
15,133.27

NOx
tons/day
39.18
0.98
0.68
40.84

CO
tons/yr
13,956.08
143,377.19
18,560.57
175,893.84

CO
tons/day
37.64
425.85
56.58
520.07

Summary of All Nonroad Mobile Source Emissions
Table 4-10 provides a summary of all nonroad mobile source emissions.
Table 4-10. Summary of All Nonroad Mobile Source Emissions
Equipment Type
Aircraft Activity
Locomotives
Nonroad Equipment
Nonroad Source Totals:

4.6

VOC
tons/yr
2,026.0
404.4
26,174.3
28,604.7

VOC
tons/day
4.99
1.11
78.76
84.86

NOx
tons/yr
8,213.4
10,595.1
15,133.3
33,941.8

NOx
tons/day
21.98
29.03
40.84
91.85

CO
tons/yr
17,786.5
1,361.8
175,893.8
195,042.1

CO
tons/day
43.96
3.73
520.07
567.76

References for Section 4
Arizona Agricultural Statistics Service. 1999 Arizona Agricultural Statistics. Phoenix, AZ. 2000.
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. Voluntary Early Ozone Plan. 1999.

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

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Maricopa County, Arizona

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. Reanalysis of the Voluntary Early Ozone Plan. 2000.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. Documentation of Input Factors for the New Off-road Mobile
Source Emissions Inventory Model. Arlington, VA. February 2000.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. Methodology to Calculate Nonroad Emission Inventories at the
County and Sub-County Level, Draft Final Report. Arlington, VA. July 1992.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. Nonroad Engine Emission Inventories for CO and Ozone
Nonattainment Boundaries Phoenix Area. Arlington, VA. 1992.
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department. 1996 Periodic Ozone Emission Inventory.
November 1999.
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department. 1990 Modeling Attainment Demonstration.
October 1994.
Radian Corporation. VOC/PM Speciation Data System, version 1.32a. Research Triangle Park, NC.
Santa Fe Railway Company correspondence.
Southern Pacific Transportation Company correspondence.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Radiation. Nonroad Engine and Vehicle
Emission Study Report. Washington, D.C. November 1991.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Mobile Sources. Procedures for Emission Inventory
Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources, EPA-450/4-81-026d (revised), Chapters 5 & 6. Ann Arbor, MI 1992.

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SECTION 5. ONROAD MOBILE SOURCES
5.1

Introduction and Scope

Onroad mobile source emission estimates have been calculated for ozone (O3) precursors for the 1999
Periodic O3 Inventory. These onroad mobile source estimates are for the 1,872 square-mile O3 nonattainment area
within Maricopa County (see Figure I). Emission estimates were calculated for the following vehicle types: light
duty gas vehicles (LDGV), light duty gas trucks of gross vehicle weight under 6,000 pounds (LDGT1) or over 6,000
pounds (LDGT2), heavy duty gas vehicles (HDGV), light duty diesel vehicles and trucks (LDDV and LDDT),
heavy duty diesel vehicles (HDDV), and motorcycles (MC). Emission factors for these vehicle types were
calculated using MOBILE5a. MOBILE5a is one of the MOBILE5 series of emission models, created by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the purpose of estimating motor vehicle emission factors. The
MOBILE5a and MOBILE5b models are both acceptable to EPA for the modeling of onroad emissions at this time.
The resulting emission factors were multiplied by estimates of vehicle miles of travel (VMT) to generate emission
estimates.
The main reference sources for preparing the onroad mobile source portion of the inventory were as
follows:

5.2

•

Emission Inventory Requirements for Ozone State Implementation Plans, EPA-450/4-91-010, March
1991, (hereinafter referred to as EPA Guidance), and

•

User's Guide to MOBILE5 (Mobile Source Emission Factor Model), EPA-AA-AQAB-94-01, May
1994, (hereinafter referred to as User's Guide), and

•

Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation Volume IV: Mobile Sources, EPA-450/4-81/026d
(Revised), 1992.

VMT Estimation Procedure

MAG prepared the 1999 vehicle miles of travel (VMT) estimates for the ozone nonattainment area. The
source of data for these estimates is the revised 1999 Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) data (see
Appendix 5.9.1) submitted to the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) by
the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) in April 2001. ADOT initially submitted 1999 HPMS data to
FHWA in August 2000. A revised version used in this analysis, incorporating improved traffic counts on the state
highway system, was submitted in April 2001. The contact person for the VMT estimates is Cathy Arthur (602-2546300).
Each year, MAG coordinates the collection of HPMS data, including the annual average daily traffic
(AADT) estimates for HPMS sample sections, which are utilized to develop HPMS VMT estimates. ADOT
provides the AADT for the state highway system routes including interstates, urban freeways, and principal arterials
in Maricopa County. ADOT merges the Maricopa County data with information from other Arizona counties to
create the statewide HPMS dataset submitted to FHWA each year.
Arizona’s HPMS database file contains a number of data elements that describe general roadway
characteristics and use for every non-local roadway within the state. All non-local roadways were divided into
section records that are 0.3 to 10 miles in length, in accordance with HPMS criteria. Such roadway segments are
called HPMS “universe” section records. HPMS contains additional data elements that provide more detailed
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

113

Maricopa County, Arizona

operational and performance information on a randomly-selected subset of the file’s 10,000+ universe records.
These more detailed records containing additional highway attributes are known as “sample panels” or “sample
sections.” The VMT estimates, which ADOT submits to FHWA each year, are generated from HPMS universe data
for all interstates, urban freeways, and principal arterials. Sample section data are expanded to estimate VMT on all
other non-local systems.
VMT on local streets in the urbanized portion of the modeling area was estimated using traffic counts
collected on 50 randomly-selected local streets in June-July of 1994. These counts resulted in an AADT of 587 for
local roads in the urbanized area. To calculate VMT, this AADT was applied to local road mileage in 1994,
obtained from the Maricopa County street centerline coverage. In 1994, an AADT of 150 was assumed for local
roads which are inside the PM-10 (particulate of size ten microns or less) nonattainment area, but outside the
urbanized area boundary. Since 1994, the AADTs on local streets have been increased annually on the basis of the
rate of population growth in Maricopa County; the number of center line miles of local streets is updated annually
by the local jurisdictions in Maricopa County. VMT for the ozone nonattainment area, based on the revised 1999
HPMS data ADOT submitted to FHWA in April 2001, is summarized by area type and facility type in Table 5-1.
Area types are a function of population and employment density as described in Table 5-1. Facility types represent
the characterizations of different roadway types such as capacity, design, and purpose (i.e. serving regional or
neighborhood traffic).
The revised 1999 HPMS System Length and Daily Vehicle Travel for Individual Urbanized Areas (in
Appendix 5.9.1) was submitted to FHWA by ADOT in April 2001. This table reported a 1999 average daily VMT
for the Phoenix urbanized area of 55.072 million. In comparison, the 1999 urbanized area VMT for the ozone
nonattainment area used in the periodic emissions inventory is 54.521 million. The one percent difference between
these estimates is attributable to small sections of the Phoenix urbanized area (i.e. Apache Junction) which are not
located in the ozone nonattainment area. The HPMS System Length and Daily Travel, Donut Area Data for
Individual NAAQS Nonattainment Areas, (in Appendix 5.9.1), reported a revised 1999 VMT for the “donut” area of
5.174 million. The “donut” area is an HPMS term referring to the area inside the PM-10 nonattainment area, but
outside the Phoenix urbanized area boundary. The VMT for the ozone nonattainment area is 72 percent of the
HPMS “donut” area VMT or 3.725 million. The factors (i.e. 99 percent for the urbanized area and 72 percent for the
donut area) used to determine the allocation of HPMS VMT to the ozone nonattainment area were derived from the
report, Maricopa Association of Governments Highway Performance Monitoring System Update, January 1995.
These same factors were also used to derive VMT for the CO tracking area in Chapter Three of the MAG 1999
Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan for the Maricopa County Nonattainment Area, June 1999. It is important to
note that the 1999 HPMS daily VMT for the CO/Ozone nonattainment area is within one percent of the 1999 VMT
estimated by the MAG travel demand models for the Serious Area CO Plan. The total 1999 daily VMT for the
urbanized and “donut” areas in the CO/Ozone nonattainment area is 58.247 million, as shown in Table 5-1.
The VMT by facility type in Table 5-1 was derived from the 1999 HPMS data, while the distribution by
area type was derived from 1998 traffic counts. These counts were assigned to a 1998 highway network using MAG
travel demand models. The output of this assignment was evaluated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
to obtain VMT by area type and facility type for the Phoenix urbanized and “donut” areas. The area type
distributions from the MAG traffic assignment were applied to the 1999 HPMS VMT estimates by facility type for
the urbanized and “donut” areas to create Table 5-1.
Although HPMS includes vehicle mix data for urban and rural areas of Arizona, there are insufficient
classification stations in the Phoenix urbanized area to justify use of this information in calculating VMT by vehicle
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Maricopa County, Arizona

class. In addition, the HPMS vehicle class data do not discriminate between gas and diesel vehicles. Therefore,
MOBILE5a model defaults, representing the fraction of total VMT for each vehicle class, were applied to VMT
estimates for each facility type and area type in Table 5-1.
Table 5-1. 1999 HPMS VMT by Area and Facility Type for the CO/Ozone Nonattainment Area
(Annual Average Daily Traffic)
AREA TYPE *
Facility Type
1
2
3
4
Interstate / Freeway
1,277,694
8,275,357
5,740,120
2,197,672
Principal Arterial /
509,464
9,637,550 10,924,791
5,331,263
Minor Arterial
Collector **
261,621
2,943,882
1,374,465
652,983
Local
59,642
1,823,506
2,191,031
1,088,309
Total
2,108,421 22,680,295 20,230,407
9,270,227
* Area Type = f(DENSITY of a planning district) where:
DENSITY = (Population + 2 × Employment) / Area
For Area Type 1, DENSITY = 20,001+
For Area Type 2, DENSITY = 10,001–20,000
For Area Type 3, DENSITY = 5,001–10,000
For Area Type 4, DENSITY = 1001-5000
For Area Type 5, DENSITY = 0–1,000

5
686,975
2,272,805

Total
18,177,818
28,675,873

823,809
173,623
3,957,212

6,056,760
5,336,111
58,246,562

** Collectors are minor streets that connect a neighborhood to a half-mile or mile arterial.

5.3

Speed Estimation Procedure

MAG prepared the average daily speeds for the 1999 periodic ozone emissions inventory. The average
daily speeds were obtained from an EXPLORA emissions model run for 1999. EXPLORA was designed to
integrate travel demand modeling output and FORTRAN-based emissions processing programs into a planning tool
that may be applied at the subregional or regional level to examine transportation and related air quality issues.
The peak and off-peak speeds used in the EXPLORA volume to capacity (V/C) versus speed table were
derived from the MAG study, 1993 Study of Travel Speed and Delay in the MAG Region, January 1995. The peak
and off-peak speeds obtained from this study were coded into the link records for each road or street segment for
which speed data were collected. A program called SPDVAL was then run to obtain the peak and off-peak speeds
by area type and facility type. Freeways and arterials were the only two facility types with a sufficient sample size
to obtain speeds by area type.
These peak and off-peak freeway and arterial speeds were used to revise the EXPLORA V/C versus speed
table. Speeds for other minor facility types were derived from the MAG study, 1986 Phoenix Urbanized Area
Travel Speed Study, October 1986. MAG plans to conduct a new speed study in FY 2002. It is anticipated that the
results of this speed study will be incorporated into the next periodic inventory analysis.
1999 link-based traffic volumes and capacities output by the MAG travel demand model were input to
EXPLORA to obtain average daily speeds by area type and facility type. The final speeds used in constructing the
1999 periodic emissions inventory are presented in Table 5-2.

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Table 5-2. Average Daily Speeds for the 1999 Periodic Emissions Inventory
Facility Type
1
2
Interstate / Freeway
52.1
56.8
Principal Arterial / Minor Arterial
27.0
28.0
Collector
24.0
24.3
Local
15.0
20.0
* Area Type = f(DENSITY of a planning district) where:
DENSITY = (Population + 2 × Employment) / Area
For Area Type 1, DENSITY = 20,001+
For Area Type 2, DENSITY = 10,001–20,000
For Area Type 3, DENSITY = 5,001–10,000
For Area Type 4, DENSITY = 1001-5000
For Area Type 5, DENSITY = 0–1,000

5.4

Area Type *
3
57.1
30.4
25.6
25.0

4
61.3
33.8
28.1
25.0

5
63.3
42.0
27.7
30.0

Ozone Season VMT Factor

The Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG) developed the ozone season VMT factor for the ozone
periodic emission inventory. Since the VMT utilized in the periodic emissions inventory is based on annual average
daily traffic (AADT), it is necessary to examine the relationship between AADT and monthly traffic variations and
correct for any differences.
The ozone season for the Maricopa County nonattainment area occurs from May through September. The
peak ozone season reflects the three consecutive months when peak ozone concentrations occur, in accordance with
the EPA Guidance. For consistency with the 1996 Base Year Ozone Inventory, the three consecutive months
selected were July through September, 1999, in accordance with EPA guidance.
The ozone season VMT factor was developed from 1993 automated traffic recorder (ATR) data collected at
five sites located in the ozone nonattainment area. Although there were eight active ATRs, only five collected
twelve months of continuous data in 1993. The 1993 traffic count factors for the summer months for each ATR are
provided below. These represent the ratio of the daily average counts by month to the daily average counts for the
entire year.
July
0.95845
0.96516
0.91834
0.91253
0.96093
0.94308

ATR 24 - Grand Ave @ Glendale Ave
ATR 30 - Indian School @ 47th Dr
ATR 31 - Central Ave @ Montebello
ATR 32 - Lincoln Dr @ 23rd St
ATR 34 - Squaw Peak Pkwy @ Crittendon
Means:

August
0.95537
0.98443
0.94529
0.91739
0.97321
0.95514

September
0.98051
0.96176
1.01136
0.98011
0.97972
0.98269

The average (arithmetic mean) of the monthly factors across all five stations is 0.96030. When this factor
is applied, the resultant 1999 average daily VMT by area type and facility type for the ozone season is illustrated in
Table 5-3.

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Table 5-3. Average Daily VMT During 1999 Ozone Season (July-September)
AREA TYPE *
Facility Type
1
2
3
4
Interstate / Freeway
1,226,970
7,946,825
5,512,237
2,110,424
Principal Arterial /
489,238
9,254,939 10,491,077
5,119,612
Minor Arterial
Collector **
251,235
2,827,010
1,319,899
627,060
Local
57,274
1,751,113
2,104,047
1,045,103
Total
2,024,717 21,779,887 19,427,260
8,902,199
* Area Type = f(DENSITY of a planning district) where:
DENSITY = (Population + 2 × Employment) / Area
For Area Type 1, DENSITY = 20,001+
For Area Type 2, DENSITY = 10,001–20,000
For Area Type 3, DENSITY = 5,001–10,000
For Area Type 4, DENSITY = 1001-5000
For Area Type 5, DENSITY = 0–1,000

5.5

Emission Factor Estimation Procedure

5.5.1

Emission Factor Model

5
659,702
2,182,575

Total
17,456,159
27,537,441

791,104
166,730
3,800,111

5,816,307
5,124,307
55,934,173

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) vehicle exhaust
emission factors were calculated using MOBILE5a. MOBILE5a is one of the MOBILE5 series of emission models,
created by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the purpose of estimating motor vehicle emission
factors. The MOBILE5a and MOBILE5b models are both acceptable to EPA for the modeling of onroad emissions
at this time. The resulting emission factors were combined with VMT estimates to produce emission estimates for
ozone precursors. The MOBILE5a runs were executed by MAG. The contact person for the MOBILE5a emission
estimates is Roger Roy (602-254-6300).
Three MOBILE5a runs were executed for ozone precursors for a typical day (24-hour period) during the
three-month period of July through September:
1. Enhanced inspection/maintenance (I/M240) program in place with no exemption for current +4 model year
vehicles. For the purposes of this analysis, the current +4 model years reflect the current model (2000) and
the previous four model years (1996-1999).
2. I/M240 program with exemption for current +4 model year vehicles.
3. No I/M program in place.
The emission factors estimated with these runs were combined to reflect the actual proportions of vehicles
subject to the specified levels of inspection. The term "I/M vehicles" denotes vehicles, which are required to
undergo an emission test and/or inspection under the Arizona Vehicle Inspection/Maintenance Program. It is
important to note that participation in the I/M program is required for all vehicles registered in the nonattainment
area, with the exception of certain model year and vehicle types. However, it is assumed that of the vehicles , which
are of an age and type subject to an I/M program, only 91.7 percent of the vehicles operating within the
nonattainment area participate in the I/M program. The remaining 8.3 percent do not participate in the program.
These percentages reflect the implementation of the control measures “Tougher Registration Enforcement” and
“Expansion of Area A Boundaries”, described in the MAG 1999 Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan for the
Maricopa County Nonattainment Area, MAG, June 1999. In the absence of any additional data, this percentage split
is assumed to apply directly to VMT as well. Specifically, the base fraction of vehicles participating in the I/M

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program in the Serious Area CO Plan (89.6 percent) has been increased by 2.0 percent, reflecting the full
implementation of “Tougher Registration Enforcement” and by 0.1 percent, reflecting partial implementation of
“Expansion of Area A”.
In order to accurately reflect the state of the I/M program in the modeling area, several MOBILE5a runs
were performed and factors from those runs were weighted together. As stated above, two MOBILE5a runs, which
reflected I/M, and one which reflected no I/M were performed. The weighting of one I/M and one non-I/M run is
explained in the previous paragraph. The weighting of two I/M runs is the result of a limitation to MOBILE5a.
MOBILE5a does not accurately model a change in the variable “last model year tested”, if the change in the “last
model year tested” value occurred within the current I/M cycle.
This limitation is relevant because the current +4 model year vehicles were exempted from the I/M
program beginning in August 1998. This modeling effort for the periodic ozone inventory reflects the three-month
period, July 1999 through September 1999. In the middle of this three month period, i.e. August 1999, the current
+4 exemption had been in effect for 12 months of the 24-month inspection cycle. For this reason, the change had
effectively propagated through half (12 months/24 months) of the I/M240 fleet. The exemption of the recent model
years was modeled through an equal weighting of two MOBILE5a runs, one reflecting the exemption of the current
+4 model years (in this case, model years 1996-2000) and one which did not include that exemption.
Refer to Appendix 5.9.2 for portions of the actual input and output files and a spreadsheet showing the
emission factor calculations.
5.5.2

Development of Model Inputs

The inputs to MOBILE5a are grouped into eight categories: Control Section, I/M Descriptive Input,
Alternative I/M Credit Files, ATP Descriptive Input, Pressure Test Descriptive Input, Scenario Records, Local Area
Parameter, and Oxygenated Fuels Descriptive Record. The input values used in the above described MOBILE5a
runs are specified and explained below.
5.5.2.1 Control Section
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.
6.

TAMFLG=1 indicates that MOBILE5a default tampering rates were used as recommended in the User's
Guide.
SPDFLG=1 indicates that user supplied speeds were applied to all vehicle types. Refer to item 3 in the
Scenario Records section for development of input.
VMFLAG=1 indicates that MOBILE5a default VMT mix (national average) was used; this is due to the
difficulty in obtaining accurate mileage accumulation rates by vehicle class. This parameter specifies the
fraction of total VMT that is accumulated by each of the eight vehicle classes.
MYMFLG=3 indicates that user supplied registration distributions and MOBILE5a annual mileage
accumulation rates were used, as recommended by the User's Guide. The vehicle registration distributions
incorporated into this analysis are derived from registration data for 1999 provided by the Arizona
Department of Transportation.
NEWFLG=1 indicates that MOBILE5a default basic exhaust rates were used as recommended by the
User's Guide.
IMFLAG=1 and 3 means that separate MOBILE5a runs were executed; one, assuming no I/M program in
place, and two others assuming that two I/M programs were in place. The emission factors obtained from

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the two runs were then weighted assuming that 91.7 percent of the vehicles within the nonattainment area
participated in the I/M program, and that 8.3 percent did not participate in the program.
7. ALHFLG=1 indicates that no additional correction factors were input. Correction factors were not required
per the User's Guide.
8. ATPFLG=1 and 5 were input to indicate that one run involved no anti-tampering program and no pressure
test and two runs included both an anti-tampering program and pressure test.
9. RLFLAG=5 indicates that refueling emissions were zeroed-out. Refueling emissions are calculated in the
area source portion of the inventory.
10. LOCFLG=1 indicates that a separate Local Area Parameter (LAP) record was entered for each scenario of
the MOBILE5a runs. The area type for which emission factors were being calculated was specified within
each LAP record.
11. TEMFLG=1 indicates that MOBILE5a internally calculated the temperatures to be used in the correction of
emission factors based upon the minimum and maximum daily temperatures provided in the LAP record.
This option is recommended by the Users' Guide. Note: The ambient temperature input within each
scenario record is overridden by the temperature internally calculated by the model.
12. OUTFMT=6 means outputs were in a spreadsheet format to facilitate subsequent calculations.
13. PRTFLG=4 indicates that calculations were performed on volatile organic compound (VOC), CO and NOx
emission factors.
14. IDLFLG=1 indicates that no idle emission factors were calculated. Idle emission factors are not necessary
for this inventory.
15. NMHFLG=3 indicates VOCs (defined as non-methane hydrocarbons minus ethane corrected for aldehydes)
were used in the calculation of HC emission factors as indicated in the EPA Guidance.
16. HCFLAG=1 indicates that only the sum of all VOC components (exhaust, evaporative, refueling, running
loss, and resting loss VOC) was printed.
NOTE: The RLFLAG was set to five to zero out refueling emissions. Therefore, refueling emissions have not
been included in the sum even though they are contained in the definition of all VOC components.
5.5.2.2 I/M Descriptive Input Record
The I/M240 inputs used for the 1999 periodic inventory are consistent with those used for the base case
Serious Area CO SIP inventory for 2000 with minor adjustments made to the waiver rates and last model year
tested.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

PROGRAM START YEAR=77
STRINGENCY LEVEL=28% indicates that 28 percent of pre-1981 model year passenger cars or pre-1984
light duty trucks are expected to fail the initial I/M test in a given testing cycle.
FIRST MODEL YEAR=67 or 81 for the basic I/M or I/M240 program.
LAST MODEL YEAR=20 or 95
WAIVER RATE for PRE-1981 MODEL YEAR VEHICLES=1% indicates that one percent of pre-1981
model year vehicles which fail the initial I/M test will receive a waiver.
WAIVER RATE for 1981 and LATER MODEL YEAR VEHICLES=2% indicates that two percent of
1981 and later model year vehicles which fail the initial I/M test will receive a waiver.
COMPLIANCE RATE=97% indicates that 97 percent of the vehicles registered in the modeling area
complete the I/M process to the point of either passing the I/M test or receiving a valid waiver.
PROGRAM TYPE=1 for centralized program.
INSPECTION FREQUENCY=1 or 2 for annual inspection frequency for the basic I/M or biennial
frequency for the I/M240 program.

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10. VEHICLE TYPES SUBJECT TO INSPECTIONS= 2222 or 2221 indicates that LDGV, LDGT1, LDGT2
and HDGV are all subject to inspection for the basic I/M program but that HDGVs are exempt from the
I/M240 program.
11. TEST TYPE=3 or 4 for a loaded idle basic I/M test or a transient I/M240 test.
12. CUTPOINTS=1 or 2 indicates that MOBILE5a default cutpoints were used for the basic I/M program but
that non-default cutpoints were used for the I/M240 test.
13. ALTERNATE I/M CREDITS INPUT BY USER=11 or 22 indicates that MOBILE5a default credits were
used for Tech I-II and Tech IV+ vehicles for the basic I/M program but that alternate I/M credits were used
for the I/M240 program.
14. USER SUPPLIED CUTPOINTS=2.00 30.0 3.00 indicates the cutpoints in grams per mile chosen for
HC, CO, and NOx respectively. These cutpoints are used only for the enhanced I/M240 program.
5.5.2.3 Alternative I/M Credit Files
Since the I/M240 cutpoints in use in the nonattainment area are not a standard set of cutpoints built into the
MOBILE5a program, an alternative set of cutpoints was developed by Radian International for use in onroad
modeling. These alternative cutpoint credit files were further adjusted by MAG using the EPA Remote Sensing
Utility to account for the implementation of the remote sensing program. The remote sensing program was repealed
by the Arizona Legislature in 2000, but was still in place during the period modeled for the 1999 periodic ozone
emissions inventory. A remote sensing program is a form of vehicle emissions inspection, which measures
instantaneous vehicle emissions during actual driving conditions. The credit files listed below are in ASCII format
and contain a very large array of numbers used to apply emissions reductions credits.
1. TECH I-II VEHICLES CREDIT FILE= tech12.1me
2. TECH IV+ VEHICLES CREDIT FILE= imdata.1me
5.5.2.4 ATP Descriptive Input Record
The anti-tampering program (ATP) inputs are consistent with those used for the base case Serious Area CO
SIP inventory for 2000.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

PROGRAM START YEAR=87 indicates that the ATP program began in 1987.
FIRST MODEL YEAR=75 indicates that the ATP program includes vehicles of model year 1975 and later.
LAST MODEL YEAR=80 indicates that vehicles of model year 1981+ are exempt from the ATP program
because they are subject to the I/M240 program.
VEHICLE TYPES SUBJECT TO INSPECTIONS= 2222 indicates that LDGV, LDGT1, LDGT2, and
HDGV are all subject to inspection.
PROGRAM TYPE=1 for centralized program.
INSPECTION FREQUENCY=1 for annual inspection frequency.
COMPLIANCE RATE=97%
INSPECTIONS PERFORMED=22111222 indicates that the following ATP inspections are performed: air
pump system, catalyst, evaporative control system, PCV system, and gas cap tests; and that the EGR
system, fuel inlet restrictor, and tailpipe lead deposit tests are not performed.

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5.5.2.5 Pressure Test Descriptive Input Record
The pressure test inputs are consistent with those used for the base case Serious Area CO SIP inventory for
2000.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

PROGRAM START YEAR=96 indicates that the pressure test began in 1996.
FIRST MODEL YEAR=81 indicates that the pressure test includes vehicles of model year 1981 and later.
LAST MODEL YEAR=20 or 95
VEHICLE TYPES SUBJECT TO INSPECTIONS= 2221 indicates that LDGV, LDGT1, and LDGT2 are
all subject to inspection. HDGV are exempt from the pressure test.
PROGRAM TYPE=1 for centralized program.
INSPECTION FREQUENCY=2 for biennial inspection frequency.
COMPLIANCE RATE=97%

5.5.2.6 Scenario Records
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

6.

REGION=1 indicates that the geographic area modeled was characterized as low altitude.
CALENDAR YEAR=99 indicates that 1999 was the year being modeled.
SPEED; a scenario utilizing the speed for each combination of facility and area type was executed (see
Table 5-2). Speed values were input for interstates/freeways, principal arterials/minor arterials, collectors,
and local roads. These speed values were derived from the 1993 Travel Speed Study.
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE=96 degrees Fahrenheit; the ambient temperature was calculated by MCESD
(see Appendix 5.9.3) in accordance with the temperature guidance and input in each scenario. It is
important to note that this temperature is not actually utilized by the model due to TEMFLG=1. Refer to
item 11 in the Control Section for additional information.
OPERATING MODES=20.6, 27.3, 20.6; the MOBILE5a (FTP) standard operating mode fractions were
used as recommended by the User's Guide. These values represent percent cold-start/non-catalyst VMT
(PCCN), percent cold-start/catalyst VMT (PCCC), and percent hot-start/catalyst VMT (PCHC)
respectively. The other relevant operating mode conditions of stabilized-start/catalyst VMT, stabilizedstart/non-catalyst VMT, and hot-start/non-catalyst VMT are derived internally by MOBILE5a using PCCN,
PCCC, PCHC.
MONTH OF EVALUATION=7 indicates that July was the month being evaluated.

5.5.2.7 Local Area Parameter Record
1.
2.

3.

4.
5.

SCENARIO NAME; An area type and facility type were indicated for each scenario (speed).
ASTM VOLATILITY CLASS was left blank because the RFGFLG (Item 8 below) was set to indicate no
reformulated gasoline. Rather, actual monitored fuel data for the modeling period was input to the model,
as described in number eight.
MINIMUM and MAXIMUM DAILY TEMPERATURE=80 and 104 degrees Fahrenheit; for consistency,
the same daily minimum and maximum temperatures used in preparing the 1990 Base Year Ozone
Inventory were also used for the 1999 periodic inventory. The temperatures were calculated by the
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD) using EPA-recommended procedures
(see Appendix 5.9.3).
"PERIOD 1" RVP=6.71; to determine these inputs, RVP data were obtained from the Arizona Department
of Weights and Measures for the applicable period and averaged (see Appendix 5.9.4).
"PERIOD 2" RVP=6.71 and "PERIOD 2" START YEAR=2020; the RVP for period 2 is the same as for
period 1, with a start year of 2020. The period 2 RVP is in effect being dummied out because only one
calendar year is being modeled.

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6.
7.
8.

OXYFLG=2 indicates the effects of oxygenated fuels were modeled in order to represent actual conditions
that existed in the applicable period.
DSFLAG=2 indicates that locally derived diesel sales fractions were used. The diesel sales fractions
immediately follow the Oxygenated Fuels Descriptive Records.
RFGFLG was left blank, indicating that the reformulated gasoline flag was set to indicate no reformulated
gasoline. Rather than permitting MOBILE5a to set the local gasoline RVP and oxygenate content to reflect
default values for Federal RFG, measured gasoline RVP and oxygenate data, provided by the Arizona
Department of Weights and Measures for the appropriate time period, were input to MOBILE5a.

5.5.2.8 Oxygenated Fuels Descriptive Record
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

5.5.3

MTBE BLEND MARKET SHARE= 100%; The MTBE market share fraction for the applicable period
was obtained from the Arizona Department of Weights and Measures.
ALCOHOL BLEND MARKET SHARE=0%; The ethanol market share fraction for the applicable period
was obtained from the Arizona Department of Weights and Measures.
AVERAGE OXYGEN CONTENT OF ETHER BLEND FUELS=1.7%; to determine this input, testing
data were obtained from the Arizona Department of Weights and Measures for the applicable period (see
Appendix 5.9.4).
AVERAGE OXYGEN CONTENT OF ALCOHOL BLEND FUELS=0.0%; to determine this input, testing
data were obtained from the Arizona Department of Weights and Measures for the applicable period (see
Appendix 5.9.4).
RVP WAIVER SWITCH=1 indicating a 1 psi exemption was not utilized. This is because actual RVP data
was input to the model.
Model Outputs

MOBILE5a was executed with the inputs described above to obtain composite emission factors in grams
per mile (g/mi) for exhaust VOC, NOx, and CO. These values were obtained for the eight vehicle classes described
in the Introduction for the various speeds as described in item 3 of the Scenario Records section. The emission
factors generated for the 1999 ozone season are presented in the following section. Representative output runs are
contained in Appendix 5.9.2. These values were then used in developing emission estimates.
5.5.4

Summary of Emission Factors

Refer to Appendix 5.9.2 for the emission factors developed for VOC, NOx, and CO for each vehicle class,
facility, and area type.
5.5.5

Emission Estimates

MOBILE5a was used to generate VOC, NOx, and CO emission factors for vehicle class, facility, and area
type. Daily VMT (DVMT) for the O3 season (Table 5-3) was then multiplied by the VMT mix by vehicle class and
the appropriate O3 precursor emission factor (Appendix 5.9.2) to calculate O3 precursor emission estimates on a
kilogram per day (kg/day) basis. An example calculation is given below:
677,246×
0.634
×
1.649 /
(DVMT) (VMT Mix)
(VOC E.F. in g/mi)

1,000
= 708
(grams per kilogram)
(VOC emissions in kg/day)

708 VOC kg/day × 1 lb / 0.4536 kg = 1,560 VOC emissions in lbs/day

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Tables 5-4A, 5-4B, and 5-4C show daily VMT data, associated speed estimates, MOBILE5a emission
factors, and the calculated VOC, NOx, and CO emissions for each vehicle class, facility, and area type.

5.6

Summary of Ozone Season Day Emissions from Onroad Mobile Sources

In the appendices, Tables 5-5A, 5-5B, and 5-5C summarize the calculated O3 precursor emissions
(categorized as VOC, NOx, and CO, respectively) by vehicle class, area, and facility type. The total VOC, NOx, and
CO emissions from daily onroad mobile sources for the Maricopa County nonattainment area for the 1999 ozone
season are estimated to be:
•

82,051 kg/day of VOC or 180,888 lbs/day of VOC

•

133,493 kg/day of NOx or 294,295 lbs/day of NOx

•

575,264 kg/day of CO or 1,268,218 lbs/day of CO

The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) require that the ozone periodic inventory include an estimate of
CO emissions. It is important to note that the above CO total is for the ozone season (July, August, and September).
The CAAA also require a 1999 Periodic Inventory for CO. The estimate of CO season (November 1999 through
February 2000) emissions from the onroad mobile portion of the 1999 CO Periodic Inventory is 490,261 kg/day or
1,080,822 lbs/day. The estimate of wintertime CO emissions is lower than the estimate of summertime CO
emissions due to seasonal control measures for CO, such as the oxygenated fuels program, which is not in effect
during the ozone season.
NOTE: Consistent with the 1990 base year inventory, only seasonal emissions were calculated for this
portion of the inventory. In consultation with Mary Ann Warner-Selph, EPA Emissions Inventory Branch, it was
determined that annual emission estimates were unnecessary for the 1990 base year inventory.

5.7

Quality Assurance Process

5.7.1

VMT Estimates

Normal quality assurance procedures, including extensive automated consistency checks, were used by
ADOT in developing the 1999 HPMS data. These data were initially submitted to the Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) in August 2000. ADOT submitted an updated version of HPMS, incorporating improved
1999 traffic counts on the state highway system, to FHWA in April 2001. The contact person for the VMT
estimates is Cathy Arthur (602-254-6300).
5.7.2

Emission Factor Estimates

The quality assurance (QA) process performed on the MOBILE5a analyses included accuracy,
completeness, and reasonableness checks. For accuracy and completeness, a system was used that included a twolayer, independent reviewer set-up. All hard copy and computer-based data entries as well as all calculations
procedures were checked independently for accuracy and completeness by two different reviewers. Any errors
found were corrected and the changes were then rechecked by the reviewers.
The entire onroad mobile source portion of the 1999 periodic O3 inventory was reviewed by MAG staff that
did not directly participate in its development. All comments were addressed.

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Quality Review of 1999 Draft Ozone Emission Inventory
The draft onroad mobile source portion of the 1999 periodic ozone inventory was reviewed using published
EPA quality review guidelines for base year emission inventories (EPA Document 450/4-91-022, September 1991).
The procedural review (Levels I, II, and III) included checks for completeness, consistency, and the correct use of
appropriate procedures.
Additionally, the draft onroad mobile source portion of the 1999 periodic ozone inventory was compared
with the onroad mobile source portions of the 1990, 1993, and 1996 base year and periodic inventories. The results
are in the following tables.
Table 5-4. VOC Onroad Mobile Emissions Comparison from 1990 to 1999
Year of
Analysis
1990
1993
1996
1999

Onroad Emissions
(kg/season day)
136,178
108,494
86,312
82,051

Onroad Emissions
(lbs/season day)
300,216
239,184
190,282
180,888

Vehicle Miles
Traveled
(VMT/season day)
42,545,983
46,555,338
51,329,514
55,934,173

Table 5-5. NOx Onroad Mobile Emissions Comparison from 1990 to 1999
Year of
Analysis
1990
1993
1996
1999

Onroad Emissions
(kg/season day)
129,839
131,086
129,589
133,493

Onroad Emissions
(lbs/season day)
286,241
288,990
285,690
294,295

Vehicle Miles
Traveled
(VMT/season day)
42,545,983
46,555,338
51,329,514
55,934,173

Table 5-6. CO Onroad Mobile Emissions Comparison from 1990 to 1999
Year of
Analysis
1990
1993
1996
1999

Onroad Emissions
(kg/season day)
909,562
775,056
563,864
575,264

Onroad Emissions
(lbs/season day)
2,005,207
1,708,677
243,086
1,268,218

Vehicle Miles
Traveled
(VMT/season day)
42,545,983
46,555,338
51,329,514
55,934,173

While the VMT increases over time, the modeled onroad emissions continue to decrease or remain
relatively constant, principally because of a vehicle fleet with cleaner engine and emission control technologies,
augmented by local controls such as the I/M program and cleaner gasoline.

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5.8

References

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Inventory Requirements for Ozone State Implementation
Plans. EPA-450/4-91-010. March 1991.
Maricopa Association of Governments. MAG 1999 Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan for the Maricopa
County Nonattainment Area. June 1999.
Lee Engineering, Inc., for MAG. Maricopa Association of Governments Highway Performance Monitoring
System Update. January 1995.
Parsons Brinkerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc., for MAG. 1986 Phoenix Urbanized Area Travel Speed Study,
October 1986.
Lee Engineering, Inc., for MAG. 1993 Study of Travel Speed and Delay in the MAG Region. January
1995.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation Volume IV:
Mobile Sources, EPA-450/4-81-026d (Revised), 1992.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Review Guidelines for 1990 Base Year Emission
Inventories, EPA-454/R-92-007, July 1992.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. User's Guide to MOBILE5 (Mobile Source Emission Factor
Model), EPA-AA-AQAB-94-01, May 1994.

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1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

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SECTION 6. BIOGENIC SOURCES
6.1

Introduction and Scope

Biogenic source emission estimates have been calculated for ozone precursors for use in the 1999 Periodic
Ozone Inventory. These biogenic source emission estimates are for the 1872 square-mile ozone nonattainment area
within Maricopa County. These emissions were estimated using a modified version of the UAM-BEIS 2 model
called MAGBEIS2. MAGBEIS2 was developed for use in Maricopa County and is documented in Improvements to
the Biogenic Emission Estimation Process for Maricopa County, STI, 1996. MAGBEIS2 main modifications to
UAM-BEIS2 was the addition of procedures that allow for the input of user-supplied gridded land use and surface
temperature data. These procedures included the development of a land use preprocessor called MAGLAND2 to
consolidate the MAG land use data to categories compatible with MAGBEIS2.
The guiding principle used in the development of MAGBEIS2 was the replacement of EPA defaults with
locale-specific data, including: locale-specific land use data, locale-specific biomass estimates, and the use of a
taxonomic approach to develop local-specific emission factors. By using the most recent biogenic emission model,
UAM-BEIS 2, as a starting point in the development of MAGBEIS2, it was possible to incorporate updated science
for estimating biogenic emissions. Overall, these changes constitute an improvement over the default procedures
used by EPA, and is considered to provide better estimates of the biogenic emissions in the study area.
6.2

Modeling Domain Adjustments

The emissions reported in the periodic inventory are for the ozone nonattainment area. Due to the irregular
shape of the ozone nonattainment area, it was not possible to use the ozone nonattainment area as the modeling
domain. The modeling domain used to estimate biogenic emissions was the smallest rectangle that contained the
entire nonattainment area. The modeling domain used in the present study is shown in Figure 6-1. The domain
consists of 42 grid cells in the east-west direction and 39 grid cells in the north-south direction, with a uniform
horizontal grid spacing of 2 kilometers. The domain is primarily located within Maricopa County, although a small
fraction extends into Pinal County and Yavapai County.
The emissions estimated using the MAGBEIS2 model are for the rectangular modeling domain previously
described. These estimates were adjusted to estimate the nonattainment area emissions through the use of an
adjustment factor. The adjustment factor, 0.78, is the ratio of the area in the nonattainment area divided by the area
in the modeling domain. The adjustment factor was multiplied by the estimated emissions in the modeling domain
to yield an estimate of the emissions in the nonattainment area.

6.3

Land Use Categories

The most critical input for the biogenic emission modeling is the land use data file. The most recent land
use information was incorporated in updating the periodic inventory. The most recent land use data compiled by
MAG included 24 land use types using 1995 information. These 24 categories are listed in Table 6-1. Because the
number of land use types for MAG 1995 land use data is different than the land use data used in the study by STI in
1996, a set of formulas as shown in Table 6-2 was developed for consolidating the 24 1995 land use types to eight
land use groups used in the biogenic emissions model. Due to lack of information for the individual agricultural
types in the MAG 1995 land use data there is only one category for agriculture.

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Figure 6-1. Ozone and CO Nonattainment Area and Biogenic Modeling Domain

Table 6-1. MAG Land Use Categories Using 1995 Information
1. Rural
2. Large Lot Residential
3. Small Lot Residential
4. Medium Density Residential
5. High Density Residential
6. Neighborhood Retail Centers
7. Commercial Retail Centers
8. Regional Retail Centers
9. Hotel, Resort
10. Warehouse District
11. Industrial
12. Business Parks

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

128

Office Buildings
Education
Institution
Public Facilities
Large Assembly Areas
Transportation
Airports
Recreation/Open Space
Non-Developable Open Space
Water
Agriculture
Mixed Use

Maricopa County, Arizona

Table 6-2. Formulas to Consolidate the 24 Land Use Assignments (1995) into 8 Categories
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Commercial/Industrial
Residential/Schools/Churches
Parks/Golf Courses
Agricultural
Desert
Forests
Water
Desert Park

= LU(6 to 13) + LU(15 to 19)
= LU(1 to 5) + LU(14)
= ~LU(20)
= LU(23)
= LU(21) + LU(24)
= None
= LU(22)
= cells with LU(20) and less than 15% residential area

where LU denotes the land use code assignments used as listed in Table 6-1 and ~LU(20) stands for the residual of
LU(20) after subtracting the portion for the 8th category of “Desert Parks”.

6.4

Derivation of Emission Factors

For each of the eight consolidated land use groups, MAGBEIS2 requires as input a standardized emission
factor for isoprene, monoterpene, other volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The
emission factors selected for use in MAGBEIS2 are listed in Table 6-3. Most of the emission factors were identical
to those used in the 1996 STI study, except for the “Agricultural” category. Detailed development of the emission
rate estimate for the other land use types is discussed in Sonoma Technology Inc, 1996. The development of the
emission rate estimate for the “Agricultural” category is provided below.
Arizona crop statistics for 1999 were obtained for Maricopa County by land use type as documented in
1999 Arizona Agricultural Statistics, Arizona Agricultural Statistics Service, 2000. These values are shown in Table
6-4. The non-citrus (other crops) acreage shown in this table were used to derive the percentages of these crop types
relative to the total other crop land use area: Cotton - 37.17 percent, Alfalfa - 27.53 percent, Other Hay - 3.51
percent, Wheat - 6.26 percent, Barley - 9.95 percent, Corn - 0.44 percent, Potatoes - 3.33 percent, Other Vegetables 10.92 percent, Grapes - 0.89 percent. These percentages, as fractions, were multiplied by the U.S. EPA reported
standardized emission factors for isoprene, monoterpenes, OVOC, and NOx for each crop type to get a composite
emission factor for “Other Crops”. The emission factor for “Citrus” is the same as that reported by EPA for orange.
EPA reported standardized emission factor for “Grass” is considered appropriate for the “Stockyards” category.
Since the 1995 MAG land use data only contain a single agriculture category, MAG calculated a composite
emission factor based on the land distribution fractions for “Citrus”, “Other Crops”, and “Stockyards” from the 1990
land use data, as shown in Table 6-5. This approach relies on the assumption that the changes occurring in
agriculture land use affect each agriculture subcategory equally. As a result, the emission factor for the new
“Agricultural” category was computed by combining the three 1990 agriculture land use categories into a weightedaverage emission factor for each VOC species (paraffin, olefins, aldehyde, and isoprene), OVOC, and NOx. The
fraction of each 1990 agriculture subcategory was multiplied by its respective updated emission factor and the sum
of these three products is the agriculture emission factor used for this periodic inventory.

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Table 6-3. Landscaped Fraction (flscp) VOC and NOx Standardized Emission Factors, by Land Use Category
(µg/m2/hr)

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Land Use Category
Isoprene Monoterpene
OVOC
NOx
Urban (Commercial/Industrial)
102 e
22 e
22 a
1.8 b
Residential/Schools/Churches
1224 e
263 e
263 a
22.1 c
e
e
a
Parks/Golf Courses
2830
415
415
57.8 d
Agricultural
21.2
54.7
49.4
137.4
Citrus Crops
42.5 d
680 d
693.7 d
4.5 d
d,e
d,e
d,e
Other Crops
18.4
17.3
13.2
147.7 d,e
d
d
d
Stockyards
56.2
140.5
84.3
57.8 d
e
e
d
Desert
110
55
33
57.8 d
e
e
d
Forests
110
55
33
57.8 d
d
d
d
Water
0
0
0
0d
e
e
d
Desert Parks
110
55
33
57.8 d
OVOC emission rate set equal to monoterpene emissions rate.
U.S. EPA emission factor for grass multiplied by the landscape fraction.
U.S. EPA emission factor for commercial and industrial multiplied by the landscape fraction.
U.S. EPA-recommended values.
Based on locale-specific data.
Table 6-4. Maricopa County Crop Statistics for 1999 a
Crop
Acres
% of total
37.17
Cotton:
–Upland Cotton
83,700
–Pima Cotton
0
Alfalfa
62,000
27.53
Other Hay
7,900
3.51
6.26
Wheat:
–Durum Wheat
12,000
–Other Wheat
2,100
Barley
22,400
9.95
Corn For Grain
1,000
0.44
Potatoes
7,500
3.33
Other Vegetables
24,600
10.92
Grapes
2,000
0.89
Total
225,200
100.00
Citrus Crops:
–Grapefruit
2,500
19.53
–Oranges
5,800
45.31
–Lemons
1,300
10.16
–Tangerines
3,200
25.00
Total
12,800
100.00
a
All values were derived from 1999 Arizona Agricultural Statistics, Arizona Agricultural
Statistics Service, 2000.

Table 6-5. Land Distribution of Citrus, Other Crops, and Stockyards
(MAG 1990 land use data)
Category
Citrus
Other Crops
Stockyard
Total

1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

Area (m2)
54,697,238
1,022,227,866
45,060,488
1,121,985,592

130

Fraction (%)
4.88
91.11
4.02
100

Maricopa County, Arizona

6.5

Meteorological Inputs

Consistent with previous periodic inventories, 1990 Base Year Ozone Emission Inventory, Maricopa
County Environmental Quality & Community Services Agency, 1993 and 1993 Periodic Ozone Emission Inventory,
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department, 1996, the modeling day used was September 9, 1988. The
procedures of selecting the modeling day was in accordance with the EPA guidance documented in the User’s Guide
to the Personal Computer Version of the Biogenic Emissions Inventory System (PC-BEIS), Version 2.0, EPA, 1991
and is illustrated in Appendix 6-1. Meteorological data are input to MAGBEIS2 from two separate files. The first
file called “SURMET1" was created using observed data from the Sky Harbor Airport. The file includes the
following meteorological fields:
•

Opaque sky cover

•

Total sky cover

•

Fraction of sky occupied by the lowest level clouds and height of that cloud level

•

Fraction of sky occupied by the second lowest level clouds and height of that cloud level

• Fraction of sky occupied by the third lowest level clouds and height of that cloud level
The above fields are used to determine the solar radiation fluxes in the current version of MAGBEIS2. The
following fields in the data file are not used by the program but the format is reserved for the program to read
successfully:
•

Sea level pressure

•

Wind direction

•

Wind speed

•

Surface temperature

•

Dew point

•

Station pressure

The second meteorological data file, “TEMPRTR”, consists of 24 hours per day of gridded surface
temperature fields created from a UAM preprocessor program. TEMPRTR is in binary format and can be used as an
input to UAM. Data used to generate the surface temperature fields were obtained from ten monitoring sites for the
modeling day. See Table 6-6 for more information about the ten monitoring sites for this analysis. The
meteorological data files for running MAGBEIS2, including SURMET1 and surface temperatures, are provided in
Appendix 6-2.
Table 6-6. Information for Surface Temperature Monitoring Sites

a

ID
Station
Latitude
Longitude
Network a
o
o
SKY
Sky Harbor Airport
33 26'03"
112 03'04"
NWS
SMPK
S. Mt. Park
33o20'46"
112o02'59"
FCDMC
GILA
Gila Bend Mt.
33o14'28"
113o12'14"
FCDMC
o
HORS
Housethief Basin
34 06'19"
112o20'49"
FCDMC
MTUN Mt. Union
34o24'54"
112o24'17"
FCDMC
CARE
Carefree Ranch
33o52'03"
111o51'00"
FCDMC
WADD Waddel
33o37'05"
112o27'35"
AZMET
GREE
Phx. Greenway
33o29'07"
112o06'30"
AZMET
ENCA
Phx. Encanto
33o28'45"
112o05'47"
AZMET
LITC
Litchfield
33o28'02"
112o23'53"
AZMET
NWS: Nation Weather Service, MDMS on EPA NCC/IBM server
FCDMC: Flood Control Department Maricopa County, Julie Riemenschneider
AZMET: The Arizona Meteorological Network, http://ag.arizona.edu/azmet/

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6.6

Summary of Emissions from Biogenic Sources

Total biogenic emissions for the Maricopa County 1999 periodic ozone emission inventory are summarized
in Table 6-7 below.
Table 6-7. Summary of Biogenic Source Ozone Season Day Emissions
Pollutants
Metric Tons/Day
NOx
10.03
Hydrocarbons:
48.67 b
–Paraffin
19.65
–Olefins
2.49
–Aldehyde
6.76
–Isoprene
19.77
b
Note that the hydrocarbons total may not equal the sum of the hydrocarbon components due to
rounding differences.
6.7

References
Arizona Agricultural Statistics Service. 1999 Arizona Agricultural Statistics. July 2000.

Maricopa County Environmental Quality & Community Services Agency. 1990 Base Year Ozone
Emission Inventory. final submittal. July 1993.
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department, 1993 Periodic Ozone Emission Inventory.
November 1996.
Sonoma Technology, Inc. Improvements to the Biogenic Emission Estimation Process for Maricopa
County. draft final report STI-95160-1577-DFR. May 1996.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. User’s Guide to the Personal Computer Version of the Biogenic
Emissions Inventory System (PC-BEIS), Version 2.0. EPA-450/4-91-017. July 1991.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Urban Airshed Model (UAM) Biogenic Emission Inventory
System Version 2 (BEIS-2) User’s Guide. final report, EPA contract no. 68-D3-0034. September 30, 1997.

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SECTION 7. QUALITY ASSURANCE
7.1

Introduction

This section describes the Quality Assurance (QA) procedures followed by the Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD) in the production of this 1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory for the
Maricopa County nonattainment area. This section does not include the QA procedures taken when preparing the
onroad mobile section of this inventory. QA for onroad mobile can be found in Section 5.5. The procedures
followed when preparing stationary point, stationary area, and the aircraft and locomotive section of nonroad mobile
included:
1. Reviewing the descriptive information contained in each section to assure completeness, clarity and
correctness;
2. Examining formulas, calculations and conversions to assure autonomy from errors and inconsistencies;
3. Evaluating data quality to assure the value of the inventory, both as a representative data set of the
state of the air environment in the Maricopa County nonattainment area and as the reference point for
future inventories; and,
4. Assessing, where possible, the significance of the calculated quantities to assure reasonable accuracy
and justifiable precision.
The QA section of the Maricopa County ozone emissions inventory follows the QA/QC plan section of the
Inventory Preparation Plan for the 1999 Ozone Periodic Emission Inventory (MCESD, 2001). This should show,
without ambiguity, that Maricopa County's QA plan was implemented.

7.2

Purpose of an Emissions Inventory
Several objectives motivated the development of the emissions inventory:
1. To comply with the inventory requirements of the Federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and
specifications of the Environmental Protection Agency;
2. To provide a baseline against which to evaluate trends and successes in VOC emission reduction
efforts;
3. To support development of air quality models and planning activities; and
4. To underscore particular concerns and to direct attention to areas where significant air quality improvement is achievable.

To assure production of an emissions inventory that is complete, accurate, and in compliance with requirements set forth in the EPA document Guidance for the Preparation of Quality Assurance Plans for Ozone / Carbon
Monoxide SIP Emission Inventories, four operational steps were followed: (1) planning; (2) collecting data, distinguishing point sources from area sources and establishing data collection procedures appropriate for each type of
source considered; (3) analyzing data and developing emission estimates for each type of source; and (4)
summarizing and reporting data.

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7.3

Quality Assurance Staff
The Quality Assurance program staff is comprised of:
Renee Kongshaug, MCESD
Internal QA Coordinator
Bob Downing, MCESD
Point sources
Ruey-in Chiou, MAG
Highway vehicle emissions
Randy Sedlacek, ADEQ
Oversight and external QA

7.4

Implementation

Quality assurance checks occurred on receipt of data (missing and/or questionable data), on completion of
calculations (computational methods, accuracy, reasonableness), on formatting of data (transcription errors, reasonableness either on a facility or categorical basis), and on inventory assembly (completeness, reasonableness). The
QA point and area source coordinator reviewed the Inventory Preparation Plan or IPP (MCESD, 2001), checked
calculations, identified errors, performed completeness, reasonableness and accuracy checks.
Data collection procedures followed EPA guidance materials to assure inclusion in the inventory of all
source categories. A listing of point sources was assembled from the existing point source inventory, and the
county's inventory database. EMS (described in Section 2). Any questionable data were verified by telephone, fax
or e-mail. Examples of data collection and data verification are included in Appendix 2-1.
Data quality was evaluated using several approaches. Data were cross-checked where multiple sources
were available, and activity level based data were given preference. All calculations were reviewed for method and
consistency, and those calculations done in spreadsheets were recalculated with a calculator or by hand as an error
checking procedure. Examples of these recalculations are included in Appendix 2-1.
MCESD made necessary corrections to the inventory as errors were revealed through its own QA procedures and as recommended by other agencies. As a final check before the inventory was considered complete,
MCESD staff completed the electronic inventory review checklists (see Appendix 7-1). These checklists cover a
Level I and Level II checks (EPA, August 1992). During this final review, staff discovered only minor areas that
needed attention. Data handling and reporting essentially is a reflection of EPA guidance documents and data
reporting requirements. External comments made while reviewing the draft document are included in Appendix 7-2.

7.5

Review and Evaluation of Inventory Elements

7.5.1

General Statement

The general plan of the quality assurance program is described in the IPP (MCESD, 2001). Formal training
sessions for inventory personnel were provided by EPA training workshops, as available. Informal training sessions
for MCESD inventory staff were held as further EPA guidance became available. Topics covered in these sessions
included:
1.
Contents of existing and new EPA emissions inventory-related guidance or policy.
2.

New or updated data sources or procedures for determining emissions estimates.

3.

National Emission Inventory/ NIF training.

4.

MCESD policy and standard operating procedures.

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New personnel received briefings from their respective supervisors. However, most of their training
regarding the details of their duties was received while on the job. Training materials (e.g., books and manuals)
were available to familiarize new personnel with inventory work.
7.5.2

Point Sources

Two environmental planners checked inventory accuracy, reasonableness and assured that all point sources
had been identified and that the methodology applied to calculate emissions was appropriate and that the
calculations were correct. Other reasonableness checks were conducted by recalculating emissions by using
methods other than those used to make the initial emissions calculations and then by comparing results. A quality
assurance check of EMS was made on all SCC codes and Tier codes for determining the appropriate categories for
facility's emission units. Quality Analysis (QA) was conducted by checking all emissions reports submitted to
MCESD for the year 1999 for missing and questionable data and by checking the accuracy and reasonableness of all
emissions calculations made for such reports. Notes concerning follow-up calls and corrections to calculations were
documented on each 1999 annual emissions report.
Data entry for the NEI will be verified against the original hardcopy files for completeness and
reasonableness. Since some data sources are more reliable than others, it is important that the reliability of the data
be taken into account. For this reason, MCESD assessed all data against the capabilities and biases (if any, and if
known) of the organization supplying the data, the techniques used to collect the data (if known), and the purpose
for which the data were compiled. This assessment allowed MCESD to understand the limitation of the data and to
choose the best data for developing emissions estimates.
Inconsistencies were located in the data presentation (i.e. different totals in tables) and were then corrected.
General corrections to format were made including heading consistencies. Text was added to clarify how peak
ozone season daily emissions were calculated. A table comparing past inventories emissions with emissions in 1999
was added. Text was also added to clarify that all point sources were re-inventoried and to outline the criteria for a
facility to be included as a point source.
7.5.3

Area Sources

In creating the area source emissions inventory, two environmental planners checked data and calculations
for accuracy, completeness and reasonableness and then reviewed the methodology, and rechecked completeness,
reasonableness, and a sample of the calculations. A new format of categorizing emissions was created and the
incorporation was double-checked. All miscalculations were corrected and then rechecked. All issues were
discussed. A number of format changes were made in presenting the data in tables along with explaining
calculations and changes in methodology.
The external reviewer checked accuracy in methodology based on the Procedures for the Preparation of
Emission Inventories for Carbon Monoxide and Precursors of Ozone, Volume I (EPA, 1991) document. It was
verified that all source categories listed in the Emission Inventory Requirements for Ozone State Implementation
Plans (EPA, March 1991) document were included. Reasonableness checks were performed by recalculating
emissions using alternate methodologies and by comparing results and/or analyzing totals and inputs to determine
reasonableness.
Significant figures inconsistencies were located in the data presentation and were corrected. Example calculations were added to each section for clarity. There were a few instances where emission estimates in a table
1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory

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Maricopa County, Arizona

were inconsistent with the text or were in error. For the "other" categories, where sources that didn't fall into those
categories already presented were added, this values and facilities were rechecked to ensure that they weren't
counted for elsewhere. General corrections to format were made including references to conversations via
telephone.
7.5.3.1 Stationary Area Sources: Fuel Combustion
Input data in this source category are of high quality and verifiable by independent calculation. Within
Maricopa County, natural gas is the principal fuel burned. Quantities of natural gas distributed to sub-categories
(e.g. Electric Utilities, Industrial, etc.) were obtained from four sources and were found to be in good agreement. For
residential natural gas combustion, emission factors for CO and NOx had SCC codes inconsistent with those
emission factors used in the CO inventory, so they were replaced.
7.5.3.2 Stationary Area Sources: Other Combustion
This category combined several miscellaneous sources, many with roughly estimated emission factors, and
mainly those for fireplace, stove and firepit emissions. Qualitative dimensional assumptions and gross estimates of
the quantities of materials burned were made. However, these reported quantities are so large, and their calculated
contributions to the CO emission inventory of area sources are so significant, that they may overwhelm the more
substantiated emission values of other sources. Due to the fire burning ordinance in Maricopa County and the
limitation on building wood-burning fireplaces in new homes, MCESD decided to use 1996 estimated number of
fireplaces to reflect a more accurate amount of firewood burned in fireplaces used. Additionally, a reviewer found
an error in the calculation of wood density used, which was corrected.
7.5.4

Nonroad Mobile Sources

The quality assurance process for 1999 aircraft and locomotive VOC, NOx, and CO emissions was conducted by two environmental planners validating input data and performing calculations and reasonableness checks
on the data. This was followed by an external reviewer's check on the section. The QA coordinator checked for
accuracy, reasonableness, completeness of emission sources, and logical methodology based on chapters five and six
of the EPA Emission Inventory Preparation Document (EPA, 1992). Several formatting inconsistencies were found
and corrected. Errors were discovered in the calculations for two of the airports. General corrections to format were
made including references to specific appendices.
For the nonroad emission estimates, seasonal changes were made based on data from the California Air
Resources Board (CARB). This change was made because the assumptions used in NEVES for this category were
considered inappropriate for this area and the limited data available more closely resemble the seasonal percentages
used by CARB. More documentation was added to this section to adequately explain how the NEVES data was
manipulated, including sample calculations. For the aircraft emissions, a reviewer found a discrepancy in their report
of operations at Luke Air Force Base and what was reported in the inventory. Upon further scrutiny, the inventory
was determined to be incorrect and the actual operations were included. Additionally, the VOC and NOx emission
factors were incorrect for Deer Valley airport emission estimates. The CO emission factor was accidentally carried
over as the VOC and NOx emission factors, which was corrected. These changes of course changed the emission
estimations for the two airports, and the nonroad mobile emission totals.
7.5.5

Onroad Mobile Sources
See Section 5.7 of the ozone inventory for the quality assurance narrative regarding this category.

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7.5.6

Biogenic Sources

The draft biogenic source portion of the 1999 periodic ozone inventory was reviewed using published EPA
quality assurance review guidelines for base year emission inventories (EPA Document 450/4-92-007, August
1992). Additionally, the entire biogenic source portion of the 1999 periodic ozone inventory was reviewed by MAG
staff that did not directly participate in its development. All comments were addressed.
7.6

Summary Statement

The accuracy of this inventory is a measure of the quality of our knowledge of the day-to-day, seasonal
and annual statistics of emissions sources in the Maricopa County nonattainment area. Although effort was made to
ensure that the data expressed in this inventory accurately represents the emissions in the nonattainment area in
1999, all components of the inventory, taken together, are subject to continued improvement.
The degree to which we are able to improve the quantity and accuracy of source data will determine the
quality and reliability of future inventories. Efforts will be focused on obtaining valid and reliable information as
well as improving emission calculation methods for future inventories.

7.7

References for Section 7
Maricopa County Environmental Services Department. Inventory Preparation Plan: Ozone. April 2001.

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Procedures for the Preparation of Emission Inventories for
Carbon Monoxide and Precursors of Ozone, Vol. I. EPA-450/4-91-016. May 1991.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Inventory Requirements for Ozone State
Implementation Plans. EPA-450/4-88-019. March 1991.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV:
Mobile Sources. EPA-450/4-81-026d (Revised), Chapters 5 and 6. Office of Mobile Sources. Ann Arbor, MI.
1992.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Procedures for the Preparation of Emission Inventories for
Carbon Monoxide and Precursors of Ozone, Vol. III: Emission Inventory Requirements for Photochemical Air
Quality Simulation Models, EPA-450/4-91-014. May, 1991. LeadSource, Metro Phoenix, 1989-1990.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidance for the Preparation of Quality Assurance Plans for
Ozone/Carbon Monoxide SIP Emission Inventories. EPA-450/4-88-023.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Quality Review Guidelines for 1990 Base Year Emissions
Inventories, EPA-450/4-91-022. August 1992.

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