Cover Page Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Acknowledgments & Comments Adopting Agencies The following agencies and municipalities adopt the methodologies incorporated into the Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County, Erosion Control. Adopted By: Date Flood Control District of Maricopa County Acknowledgments This manual, in its present form, is an update/upgrade to the original Volume III Erosion Control of the Drainage Design Manual (3 volume set) issued by the Flood Control District of Maricopa County (FCDMC) in 1993. The revisions were prompted by the significant recent changes in the stormwater discharge regulations and the State’s recent delegation as the permitting authority of these regulations. This manual update/upgrade was prepared by AMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc. under the direction of the FCDMC. The authors of this manual are indebted to many individuals and organizations for their support, recommendations, technical guidance, and review of the draft manual. Specific contributors include Matt Oller, and his predeccesor Todd G. Williams, Water Quality Branch Manager, Engineering Division, FCDMC, who served as the District’s Project Manager and overall vision for the project, and Tom Loomis, P.E., Special Projects Manager, Engineering Division, FCDMC, who provided the guidance in relation to the standardization of the Drainage Design Manual as desired by the District. We also truly appreciate the gracious assistance of many local stormwater program coordinators and staff from professional organizations for their input and useful comments. We thank the Flood Control District and its Board of Directors for giving AMEC Earth & Environmental the opportunity to be of service. We appreciate being able to assist in the ways that the District provides assistance to the general public and to serve as good stewards of the public resources and trust. We hope that our efforts will be beneficial to all who use this manual. August 2009 i Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Acknowledgments & Comments Comments Users of this manual are welcomed to submit comments, suggestions, or findings of errors. This information should be addressed to: Engineering Division Manager Flood Control District of Maricopa County 2801 West Durango Phoenix, AZ 85009 Revisions Because of ongoing technical and administrative changes in the field of stormwater management, revisions to this manual will be required from time to time. Such revisions will take place on an ongoing, as needed, basis and will be posted on the FCDMC’s Web page (www.fcd.maricopa.gov). The dates of revision and an overview of changes made are listed below. 1st Edition January 1, 1993 2nd Edition August 19, 2009 Overview of Changes Made in the Second Edition The entire manual was revised and updated to current EPA and ADEQ standards. ii August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Table of Contents Table of Contents Adopting Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Revisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.2 MANUAL ORGANIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 2 REGULATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.1 EVOLUTION OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LAWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.2 THE NATIONAL STORMWATER PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2.3 AZPDES REGULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 2.4 INDIVIDUAL PERMITS VERSUS GENERAL PERMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2.4.1 Individual Permits ........................................................................................ 2-5 2.4.2 General Permits .......................................................................................... 2-5 2.5 CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 2.5.1 Preparation of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan ......................... 2-11 2.5.2 Obtaining Authorization to Discharge........................................................ 2-12 2.5.3 Installation, Maintenance, and Inspection of BMPs................................... 2-13 2.5.4 Stabilization of the Site.............................................................................. 2-13 2.5.5 Termination of Coverage........................................................................... 2-14 3 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.1 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.1.1 Erosion Mechanisms ................................................................................... 3-2 3.1.2 Surface Erosion........................................................................................... 3-2 3.1.3 Gully and Channel Erosion ......................................................................... 3-4 3.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 3.2.1 Erosion Control Methodology ...................................................................... 3-5 3.2.2 Sediment Control Methodology ................................................................... 3-6 3.2.3 Dust Control Methodology........................................................................... 3-8 3.3 FACTORS AFFECTING BMP SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3.3.1 Site Characteristics ..................................................................................... 3-9 3.3.2 Anticipated Construction Activities ............................................................ 3-10 3.3.3 Regulatory Requirements ......................................................................... 3-10 3.3.4 Maintenance Requirements ...................................................................... 3-10 August 2009 1 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 3.4 3.5 Erosion Control: Table of Contents USE OF BMPS IN THE SWPPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.4.1 Permanent Erosion and Sediment Controls .............................................. 3-11 3.4.2 Temporary Erosion and Sediment Controls .............................................. 3-12 SUMMARY OF EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 4 OBTAINING AND TERMINATING PERMIT COVERAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1 THE CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1.1 Permit Waivers ............................................................................................ 4-2 4.1.2 Development of the SWPPP ....................................................................... 4-3 4.1.3 NOI Submittal .............................................................................................. 4-8 4.1.4 Implementation of the SWPPP.................................................................... 4-9 4.1.5 Termination of Permit Coverage ............................................................... 4-11 4.2 SELECTION OF BMPS FOR THE SWPPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 4.2.1 Identify Construction Activities .................................................................. 4-12 4.2.2 Identify Activity Location/Category ............................................................ 4-13 4.2.3 Select Appropriate BMP Combination....................................................... 4-13 4.2.4 Incorporate BMPs into SWPPP................................................................. 4-14 5 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 5.1 SELECTION MATRIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 5.2 STEP 1: CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5.3 STEP 2: EROSION CONTROL BMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5.3.1 Structural Controls ...................................................................................... 5-5 5.3.2 Vegetative Controls ..................................................................................... 5-5 5.3.3 Runoff Velocity Reduction ........................................................................... 5-6 5.4 STEP 3: SEDIMENT AND POLLUTANT CONTROL BMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 5.5 STEP 4: GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING BMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 5.6 STEP 5: REVIEW AND DESIGN THE PROPOSED BMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 EC EROSION CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 EC-1 Erosion Control Mats................................................................................. 5-11 EC-2 Mulching .................................................................................................... 5-19 EC-3 Protection of Trees and Vegetation in Construction Areas ....................... 5-25 EC-4 Pipe Slope Drains ..................................................................................... 5-31 EC-5 Stabilized Construction Entrance .............................................................. 5-39 EC-6 Construction Road Stabilization ................................................................ 5-45 EC-7 Dust Control .............................................................................................. 5-51 EC-8 Temporary Access Waterway Crossing .................................................... 5-59 EC-9 Diversion Dikes ......................................................................................... 5-67 EC-10 Drainage Swales ....................................................................................... 5-73 EC-11 Outlet Protection, Velocity Dissipation Devices......................................... 5-81 EC-12 Surface Roughening ................................................................................. 5-87 SPC SEDIMENT AND POLLUTANT CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-93 SPC-1 Organic Filter Barrier ................................................................................. 5-95 SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier..................................................................................... 5-103 SPC-3 Gravel Filter Berms ................................................................................. 5-109 SPC-4 Check Dams............................................................................................ 5-115 2 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County GH Erosion Control: Table of Contents SPC-5 Silt Fence ................................................................................................ 5-121 SPC-6 Revegetation ........................................................................................... 5-129 SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection .................................................................... 5-135 SPC-8 Temporary Sediment Basins ................................................................... 5-143 SPC-9 Temporary Sediment Traps..................................................................... 5-151 SPC-10 Sediment Dewatering Operations ........................................................... 5-159 GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-165 GH-1 Chemical Management ........................................................................... 5-167 GH-2 Solid Waste Management ....................................................................... 5-173 GH-3 Equipment Maintenance Procedures ...................................................... 5-179 GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas ................................................................. 5-183 GH-5 Spill Containment Plan ............................................................................ 5-189 GH-6 Road Sweeping/Trackout Cleaning......................................................... 5-195 A CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1 APPENDIX A CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3 A.1 AZPDES CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5 A.2 NPDES CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-7 B FORMS TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1 APPENDIX B FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-3 B.1 AZPDES SWPPP CHECKLIST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-5 B.2 EPA PERMIT WAIVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-7 B.3 EROSIVITY FACT SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-9 B.4 ADEQ NOI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-11 B.5 EPA NOI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-13 B.6 ADEQ NOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-15 B.7 EPA NOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-17 B.8 ARIZONA IMPAIRED SURFACE WATERS LIST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-19 B.9 ARIZONA IMPAIRED SURFACE WATERS MAP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-21 B.10 ARIZONA LIST OF UNIQUE WATERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-23 B.11 SAMPLE INSPECTION REPORT AND RAINFALL DATA FORM . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-25 C LINKS AND REFERENCES TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1 APPENDIX C LINKS AND REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-3 C.1 STORMWATER LINKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-5 C.2 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-7 D GLOSSARY TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1 APPENDIX D GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-3 August 2009 3 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Table of Contents E BIBLIOGRAPHY TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-1 APPENDIX E BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-3 E.1 CITED IN TEXT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-3 E.2 RELEVANT TO MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-3 F VENDOR LIST TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1 APPENDIX F VENDOR LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-3 F.1 VENDOR PRODUCTS FOR EROSION CONTROL BMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-5 F.2 VENDOR PRODUCTS FOR SEDIMENT AND POLLUTANT CONTROL BMPS . . . F-7 F.3 VENDOR PRODUCTS FOR GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING BMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-9 4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: List of Tables List of Tables 1 INTRODUCTION 2 REGULATIONS Table 2.1 NPDES Stormwater Phase II Communities in Arizona ........................................... 2-7 Table 2.2 Industrial Sectors Covered by the MSGP ............................................................... 2-8 3 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES Table 3.1 General Erosion Control Measures......................................................................... 3-5 Table 3.2 General Sediment Control Measures...................................................................... 3-7 Table 3.3 General Dust Control Measures ............................................................................. 3-8 Table 3.4 Permanent Erosion and Sediment Control Measures for a Typical Construction Project SWPPP ........................................................... 3-11 Table 3.5 Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control Measures for a Typical Construction Project SWPPP ........................................................... 3-13 4 OBTAINING AND TERMINATING PERMIT COVERAGE Table 4.1 Runoff Coefficients for Maricopa County ................................................................ 4-6 5 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Table 5.1 Recommended Velocities for Various Soil Types .................................................. 5-6 Table 5.2 Commonly Used Dust Suppressants .................................................................... 5-56 August 2009 5 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: List of Tables THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Acknowledgments & Comments List of Figures 1 INTRODUCTION 2 REGULATIONS Figure 2.1 Complying with the Construction General Permit Requirements .................... 2-11 3 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES Figure 3.1 Illustration of the Various Stages of Water Erosion............................................ 3-3 4 OBTAINING AND TERMINATING PERMIT COVERAGE Figure 4.1 Main Contents of a SWPPP ............................................................................... 4-4 5 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Figure 5.1 BMP Selection Matrix ......................................................................................... 5-3 August 2009 7 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Acknowledgments & Comments THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 8 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 3 3 1 Erosion Control: Introduction INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.2 MANUAL ORGANIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Soil erosion and sedimentation are naturally occurring processes that become significantly increased by land disturbance and construction activities, particularly those associated with land development when large parcels of land become severely altered. Soil erosion and the resulting sedimentation typically caused by construction activities (i.e., clearing, grading, and excavation operations) impact the environment, damaging aquatic and recreational resources as well as aesthetic qualities of the receiving surface waters. The type and extent of construction activities can vary significantly. These typically involve the erection of a horizontal structure such as a building or the extension of a linear structure such as a roadway. In any case, the construction phase of a project is usually considered a temporary condition, which will be supplanted by the permanent improvements and facilities for the completed project. However, construction work may take place over an extended period of time, sometimes over several seasons of multiple years, resulting in an increased potential for sediment and other pollutants to be carried away from the site in stormwater discharges. For this reason, all erosion and sediment control measures used in the course of construction should be designed and installed correctly, and properly maintained throughout the construction period for maximum effectiveness. Likewise, they should also consider post-construction issues once the project is complete. 1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL In November 1990, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established a National Stormwater Program by adopting regulations requiring National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits for stormwater discharges from certain systems and activities, including construction sites. A two-phase stormwater program was established, incorporating a prioritized approach to stormwater discharge regulation. On December 2002, the state of Arizona obtained authorization from EPA to operate the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit Program at the state level. The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ), on behalf of the state, developed its own program to address NPDES. This Arizona-specific program, which was reviewed and approved by EPA, August 2009 1-1 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Introduction is known as the Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (AZPDES) Program. Under the AZPDES Program, systems and facilities that discharge stormwater are required to obtain or seek coverage under an AZPDES permit. The main objective of this Erosion Control Manual is to provide guidance to agencies, municipalities, developers, property owners, engineers, contractors, and others involved with construction events to comply with the AZPDES (or the NPDES when seeking permit coverage within Indian country) stormwater permitting process for construction activities. Specifically, this document provides guidance on how to comply with the AZPDES (and NPDES) General Permit for discharges from regulated construction activities. The Construction General Permit (CGP) seeks the minimization of stormwater flows, prevention of soil erosion, capture of waterborne sediment that has been unavoidably released from uncovered or disturbed soils, and at the same time, protection of water quality from onsite pollutant sources through the planning, implementation, and maintenance of Best Management Practices (BMPs). This manual establishes the framework and provides the tools to effectively plan, install and maintain stormwater BMPs for construction sites. The BMPs must be specifically identified and properly described in a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for a regulated construction site to obtain permit coverage under the CGP. An overview of the development of most elements of a SWPPP as required by the CGP is also presented in this manual. What this manual does not provide is specific design criteria for erosion and sediment control, as well as construction standards. These may be obtained by contacting the local stormwater control jurisdiction. The goal of this manual is to provide guidance in the local implementation of the NPDES stormwater permit program for construction activities. The manual was developed using four major principles: 1. Review existing local design and construction processes to develop a guideline for development of SWPPPs compatible with typical construction project development, design, and scheduling practices. 2. Avoid duplication of requirements for permitting and inspection, wherever possible, in order to minimize costs in providing stormwater pollution controls as part of private and public improvements. 3. Review existing design and construction practices to identify and take advantage of those local planning, design, and construction standards which are currently required by local agencies and which can be directly applied as BMPs in preparing a SWPPP. 4. Provide information and guidelines for structural and non-structural BMPs that are applicable to an arid and semi-arid region and comply with the requirements of the CGP. 1-2 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 1.2 Erosion Control: Introduction MANUAL ORGANIZATION This manual is organized into five (5) main chapters, as follows: Chapter 1. Introduction: This chapter provides an introduction to the importance of preserving the quality of surface waters through proper erosion and sediment control practices. It also provides the manual’s purpose and organization. Chapter 2. Regulations: This chapter provides an overview of the environmental laws and regulations by the U.S. EPA and the State of Arizona that specifically pertain to stormwater discharges from construction activities. The EPA National Stormwater Program objectives as it pertains to construction activities are also presented. This chapter also provides the permit requirements for construction stormwater discharges. Chapter 3. Principles and Practices: This chapter provides a technical overview of soil erosion and sedimentation and how it impacts water quality. Guidance is given for construction control measures and management practices to reduce erosion, minimize sedimentation, and control non-stormwater discharges. Minimum erosion, sediment, and pollutant controls are defined to meet the NPDES design goals for construction activities. Site planning, design, and construction management strategies are provided for private and public construction projects. This chapter includes discussions and illustrations of temporary construction BMPs for erosion and sediment controls and for onsite general housekeeping to minimize pollutants. Permanent erosion controls to minimize erosive velocities and minimize sediment are also discussed. Chapter 4. Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage: This chapter includes explanations of the requirements and processes for notifying the appropriate regulatory agency prior to commencement of the construction project, as well as upon completion of the project - specifically how to prepare and submit Notices of Intent (NOIs) and Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) and Notices of Termination (NOTs). This chapter also includes process flowcharts and procedures for preparing and implementing elements of the SWPPP. Chapter 5. Best Management Practices: This chapter provides basic information on select construction BMPs. It includes guidance on methods of selecting and implementing BMPs for a specific construction site on the basis of careful review of the areas of the site that affect its potential for erosion and stormwater runoff contamination. BMPs are organized into three main groups: 1) erosion control (EC), which are preventative; controlling erosion at its source, 2) sediment pollutant control (SPC), which treat runoff for the purpose of limiting or removing sediment and other associated stormwater pollutants, and 3) general housekeeping (GH), which are less structured in nature and addresses operations and maintenance activities at the construction site. Each BMP is cross-referenced to the potential problem area for which the individual BMPs apply. August 2009 1-3 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Introduction Chapter 6. Appendices: This chapter includes a number of appendices as follows: Appendix A - Construction General Permit: Includes copies of the latest CGPs that are applicable in Arizona, specifically the AZPDES (ADEQ Permit No. AZG2008-001, February 2008) and the NPDES (EPA, January 2009) CGPs. Appendix B - Forms: This appendix contains the required NOI and NOT forms, for both ADEQ and EPA CGPs. This chapter also includes other forms, such as the AZPDES Construction SWPPP Checklist, and other useful guidance documents. Appendix C - Links and References: This appendix includes links and references to other useful stormwater discharge permit sources of information and tools. Appendix D - Glossary: This appendix includes definitions for those terms most commonly used for stormwater quality control, construction, and within state and federal regulations. Appendix E - Bibliography: This appendix contains a list of the references used for development of this manual. Appendix F - Vendor List: This appendix is comprised of a database of vendor BMP (product) information, including product description and contact information. The information is grouped by BMP category. (NOTE: Because of the dynamic nature of this information, the completeness and accuracy of this information cannot be assured.) 1-4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 3 3 2 Erosion Control: Regulations REGULATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 REGULATIONS 2.1 EVOLUTION OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LAWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.2 THE NATIONAL STORMWATER PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2.3 AZPDES REGULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 2.4 INDIVIDUAL PERMITS VERSUS GENERAL PERMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2.4.1 Individual Permits ........................................................................................ 2-5 2.4.2 General Permits .......................................................................................... 2-5 2.5 CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 2.5.1 Preparation of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan ......................... 2-11 2.5.2 Obtaining Authorization to Discharge........................................................ 2-12 2.5.3 Installation, Maintenance, and Inspection of BMPs................................... 2-13 2.5.4 Stabilization of the Site.............................................................................. 2-13 2.5.5 Termination of Coverage........................................................................... 2-14 Polluted runoff occurs when rain, snowmelt, irrigation water, and other water sources move across land and pick up pollutants and sediment, carrying them into lakes, rivers, and streams. Nowadays, diffuse or nonpoint sources of pollution remain the Nation’s largest source of water quality problems. Efforts by the U.S. Government to address polluted urban runoff have been substantial since the late 1980’s. By the early 1990’s, significant regulatory developments requiring stormwater pollution control and discharge permits from certain industrial facilities, construction sites, and municipalities were in effect. Additional requirements were implemented about a decade later. This chapter provides the background and general information about these regulations, including what is specific to the State of Arizona. Most importantly, it highlights the permit requirements for construction stormwater discharges. 2.1 EVOLUTION OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LAWS The first comprehensive federal regulation aimed specifically at water pollution control dates back to 1948 with the Water Pollution Control Act (WPCA). The WPCA set a precedent for many of the environmental laws that followed. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) of 1956 built on the original water pollution control statute by authorizing federal planning and technical assistance. Since 1956, the statute has been amended extensively either to authorize additional water quality programs, standards and procedures to govern allowable discharges, funding for construction grants or general program funding. Major amendments were enacted in 1961, 1966, 1970, 1972, 1977, and 1987; with those of 1972, 1977 and 1987 considered the most important to the development of the National Stormwater Program (NSWP). Also critical was the August 2009 2-1 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Regulations formation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – a federal agency established by a Presidential Executive Order in 1970 that brought together over a dozen governmental agencies that were somehow involved with pollution control. The FWPCA Amendments of 1972 (Public Law 92-500) stipulated broad national objectives to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters. These included requirements that limitations be determined for point sources which are consistent with State water quality standards, procedures for State issuance of water quality standards, development of guidelines to identify and evaluate the extent of nonpoint source pollution, water quality inventory requirements, as well as development of toxic and pretreatment effluent standards. Specifically, Section 402 of the Amendments of 1972 established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) – a provision that prohibits the discharge of pollutants into surface waters of the United States unless the EPA or properly designated government (State or Indian tribal) issues a permit. The 1977 amendments of the FWPCA, which is commonly known as the Clean Water Act (CWA) (Public Law 95-217), again extensively amended the Act. The CWA established the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into Waters of the United States. It gave EPA the authority to implement pollution control programs such as setting wastewater standards for industry. The CWA, through a variety of regulatory and non-regulatory tools, made it unlawful for any person to discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters unless a permit was obtained under its provisions. It also funded the construction of sewage treatment plants under the construction grants program and recognized the need for planning to address the critical problems posed by nonpoint source pollution. Perhaps the most important set of amendments to the FWPCA was the Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987 (Public Law 100-4) that established the NSWP through a two-phased, prioritized approach to regulating stormwater discharges from certain categories of industrial activities, construction sites, and municipalities. It specifically added provisions to Section 402 of the CWA, requiring EPA to issue NPDES permits for the various categories of stormwater discharges. 2.2 THE NATIONAL STORMWATER PROGRAM By September of 1992, Phase I of the NSWP provided the regulation of the following three categories of stormwater discharges: 1. Construction: Large construction activity (i.e., clearing, grading, and excavating) resulting in land disturbance equal to or greater than 5 acres of land or disturbing less than 5 acres of total land area but part of a larger common plan of development or sale that will ultimately disturb equal to or greater than 5 acres. Large construction sites were permitted mostly under NPDES general permits. 2. Municipal: Stormwater discharges from large (populations greater than 250,000) and medium (populations of 100,000 to 250,000) municipal separate storm sewer 2-2 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Regulations systems (MS4s)1. Regulation of large and medium MS4s was achieved through NPDES individual permits. 3. Industrial: Stormwater discharges associated with eleven (11) select industrial activities, including nine (9) categories of industry2 that already required permits for stormwater discharges prior to the Phase I rule. Regulation of the target industries was typically through NPDES general permits. About a decade later, Phase II of the NSWP set forth a number of additional categories of stormwater discharges to be permitted, with a deadline for application by existing facilities and regulated entities of March 10, 2003. The additional discharges to be permitted are: 1. 2. 3. 1. Construction: Small construction activity (i.e., clearing, grading, and excavating) resulting in land disturbance equal to or greater than 1 acre and less than 5 acres of land, or disturbing less than 1 acre of total land area but part of a larger common plan of development or sale that will ultimately disturb equal to or greater than 1 acre and less than five 5 acres. Phase II also provided two (2) potential permit waivers to small construction facilities. The vast majority of both large and small construction sites nationally that are discharging stormwater are permitted under general NPDES permits. 2. Municipal: Stormwater discharges from small MS4s in urbanized areas3 based on the results of the 2000 Census of population and housing by the Bureau of the Census (Census Bureau). It did not include large and medium MS4s since these were already regulated under Phase I. Further, it included small MS4s located outside urbanized areas meeting EPA or State criteria for designation, which targeted entities having a total population of 10,000 or more and a population density of 1,000 per square mile and entities contributing substantially to stormwater pollution. MS4s with a population less than 1,000 people were generally waived from the permitting requirements. 3. Industrial: Industrial facilities owned or operated by small municipalities (i.e., where the municipality’s population was less than 100,000 based on the 1990 Census), which were temporarily exempted from the Phase I industrial permitting requirements in accordance with the provisions of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991. The rule also provided relief from stormwater The term MS4 refers to the systems that collect and convey stormwater runoff from within a municipal jurisdiction, and eventually discharge into the Waters of the United States. These systems include municipal streets, curbs, gutters, ditches, catch basins, and storm drains. Between 1974 and 1982, EPA promulgated effluent limitations guidelines for stormwater discharges from nine categories of industrial discharges, including cement manufacturing, feedlots, fertilizer manufacturing, petroleum refining, phosphate manufacturing, steam electric power generation, coal mining, ore mining and dressing, and asphalt emulsion. (Dodson, 1999). An urbanized area consists of densely settled territory that contains 50,000 or more people. The 2000 Census defined six urbanized areas within the state of Arizona. The urbanized areas were named for the central place in that region (67 FR 21962). Urbanized areas in Arizona, as determined by the US Census Bureau include Avondale, Flagstaff, Phoenix, Prescott, Tucson, and Yuma. August 2009 2-3 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Regulations permitting requirements to regulated industrial facilities that could provide written certification of “no exposure” of industrial materials and activities to stormwater. 2.3 AZPDES REGULATIONS On December 5, 2002, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved the State of Arizona’s application for primacy of the NPDES program. As a result of this, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) became authorized and responsible for administering the NPDES program in all areas within the State except for Indian Country. The NPDES is a federal regulatory program to control discharges of pollutants to surface waters of the United States. Prior to December 2002, EPA Region IX was responsible for administering this program throughout Arizona. The “application” that EPA approved was for implementation of the Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (AZPDES) program. AZPDES is the State program to carry out the NPDES program. When this happened, Arizona became the 45th state to obtain this authority. It is important to note that ADEQ does not have permit authority in Indian country (due to sovereignty). Thus, construction discharge permits for Indian country within the state of Arizona are normally acquired through EPA Region IX. The ADEQ, on behalf of the State, is responsible for development and revisions of the rules for the AZPDES program. The AZPDES rules are published in the Arizona Administrative Code, specifically Title 18, Chapter 9, Article 9. For regulatory purposes, pollutant sources are generally categorized as either "point" or "nonpoint" sources. Typical point sources include process discharges from publicly owned treatment works and discharges from industrial facilities. Although urban runoff is not traditionally considered a point source, municipalities are permitted as if they were point sources under the MS4 component of the NPDES program. Under the AZPDES Permit Program, all facilities or systems that discharge pollutants from any point source into Waters of the U.S. are required to obtain or seek coverage under an AZPDES permit. As a general matter, groundwater is not considered Waters of the U.S. and discharges to groundwater do not require AZPDES permits4. The water quality permitting process is the primary way that ADEQ can balance environmental protection and good resource stewardship with social and economic considerations. By issuing permits, approvals and certifications, ADEQ ensures facilities are legally constructed and operated and that discharges to surface waters are within the standards established by law. Beyond this, given that it is a public process, it enables citizens to stay informed and involved as decisions are made about proposed activities affecting the environmental quality of their community. 4. 2-4 In Arizona, an Aquifer Protection Permit, or APP, is required for any facility that discharges a pollutant either directly to an aquifer or to the land surface or the vadose zone in such a manner that there is reasonable probability that the pollutant will reach an aquifer. The APP rule was undergoing a revision in 2004. Final rule revisions became effective in 2005. August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 2.4 Erosion Control: Regulations INDIVIDUAL PERMITS VERSUS GENERAL PERMITS Stormwater permit requirements can be issued through either an individual permit or a general permit. The use of general permits, instead of individual permits, reduces the administrative burden on permitting authorities, while also limiting the paperwork burden on regulated parties seeking permit authorization. Permitting authorities, as in the case of ADEQ, may require individual permits in some cases to address specific concerns, including permit non-compliance. 2.4.1 Individual Permits An individual permit is tailored for a specific facility or entity based on an individual application. The regulatory agency develops the permit based on this information and other conditions appropriate to the facility or entity seeking the permit. The permit is then issued for a specified period of time not to exceed five years. Large and medium MS4s under Phase I of the NSWP were regulated through individual permits. In Arizona, the municipal group that became regulated under Phase I include the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), Phoenix, Tempe, Mesa, Tucson, Glendale, Scottsdale and Pima County. Although EPA Region IX is who originally issued each of these individual permits, ADEQ is now responsible for reviewing the management programs and permit reapplications of these regulated municipalities, and to renew their permits when expired. Under Phase II, despite the stormwater management program requirements (i.e., the six minimum control measures) being best-suited for a general permit, the rule provided the flexibility for small MS4s to seek more individualized permit requirements. 2.4.2 General Permits A general permit is developed and issued to cover multiple facilities or entities within a specific category, industry or area. General permits offer a cost-effective and efficient option for agencies to cover a large number of regulated facilities or entities with elements in common under one permit. In addition, the permittee is ensured consistency in permit conditions for similar facilities or entities. General permits require that the applicant submit a Notice of Intent (NOI) to the regulatory agency responsible for the NPDES program. If the permitting authority does not contact the applicant within the waiting period, the applicant may assume permit coverage has been granted. The permitting authority will confirm permit coverage with the permittee by a letter containing the discharge authorization number. If the NOI is submitted with missing, nonconforming or incorrect information, the permitting authority will inform the applicant of the inadequacies and request additional information. This form must be complete and accurate and signed by the appropriate signatory agent before coverage can be obtained. The form also serves as a promise by the operator that there will be compliance with the permit conditions. The permittee submits a Notice of Termination (NOT) to end its regulation under the NPDES stormwater program. Like the approval of a NOI, the NOT must be complete and accurate before permit responsibilities end. August 2009 2-5 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Regulations In Arizona, and almost everywhere else in the U.S., general permits are used to regulate most NPDES stormwater discharges permit requirements. This includes the following permits: Small MS4 General Permit: This general permit is what Phase II communities normally adhere to in order to meet the permit requirements of the Phase II regulations. General requirements of the Small MS4 General Permit include the development and implementation of a Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) designed to reduce the discharge of pollutants from the Small MS4 to the maximum extent practicable (MEP). The SWMP must specifically address the following six minimum control measures: 1. Public Education and Outreach 2. Public Involvement/Participation 3. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination 4. Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Control 5. Post-Construction Stormwater Management in New Development and Redevelopment 6. Pollution Prevention/General Housekeeping for Municipal Operations. As of mid 2009, regulated Small MS4s (i.e., meet the description as operators of small MS4s located in "urbanized areas," as defined by the Census Bureau) in Arizona consisted of 28 cities, 5 counties, and 8 non-traditional entities. Once ADEQ defined and applied the designation criteria statewide, a total of 8 additional cities and towns were designated to apply for coverage under the Small MS4 stormwater permit. A list of the entities required to comply with these regulations is presented in Table 2.1. The AZPDES Small MS4 General Permit (AZG2002-002) was issued on December 19, 2002, and expired five years later on December 19, 2007. A new AZPDES Small MS4 General Permit is expected to be available by early 2010. Indian Communities in Arizona, unless they have individual primacy of the NPDES program, are permitted under the EPA Small MS4 General Permit and administered by Region IX. One of the main differences in the above two general permits is that AZPDES neither includes provisions nor requires information regarding the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) given that it is not a “federal” program. 2-6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Regulations TABLE 2.1 NPDES STORMWATER PHASE II COMMUNITIES IN ARIZONA Regulated Communities Cities Counties Non-Traditional Designated Cities/Towns Apache Juntion Avondale Chandler El Mirage Flagstaff Gilbert Goodyear Guadalupe Litchfield Park Marana Oro Valley Paradise Valley Peoria Prescott Prescott Valley South Tucson Surprise Tolleson Youngtown Yuma Coconino Maricopa Pinal Yavapi Yuma Arizona State University Northern Arizona University University of Arizona Yuma Marine Corps Air Station Davis Monthan Air Force Base Luke Air Force Base Phoenix VA Medical Center Tucson VA Medical Center Camp Verde Cottonwood Douglas Fountain Hills Lake Havasu Nogales Sedona Sierra Vista Construction General Permit: In Arizona, the vast majority of both large and small construction sites discharging stormwater are permitted under the AZPDES Construction General Permit (AZG2008-001), which was issued on February 28, 2008 and expires on February 28, 2013. If the construction activity is to occur within Indian Country, then the applicable Construction General Permit is that issued by EPA on January 8, 2009 and valid through January 8, 2014. More details about the CGP are presented in Section 2.5 in this chapter. Multi-Sector General Permit: The Multi-Sector General Permit (MSGP) is designed for discharges of stormwater from regulated industrial sites that are of a non-construction nature. The MSGP is one large permit divided into numerous separate sectors. Each sector represents a different type of activity and is dependent upon its standard industrial classification (SIC) code or narrative description (refer to Table 2.2). The MSGP details the requirements EPA considers necessary for each sector to produce an acceptable Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). Presently, all regulated industrial facilities in Arizona are covered by the EPA MSGP issued on October 30, 2000. ADEQ is in the process of developing its own AZPDES MSGP, expected to be available in early 2010. August 2009 2-7 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Regulations TABLE 2.2 INDUSTRIAL SECTORS COVERED BY THE MSGP 2-8 Sector A Timber Products Sector B Paper and Allied Products Manufacturing Sector C Chemical and Allied Products Manufacturing Sector D Asphalt Paving and Roofing Materials Manufacturers and Lubricant Manufacturers Sector E Glass, Clay, Cement, Concrete, and Gypsum Product Manufacturing Sector F Primary Metals Sector G Metal Mining (Ore Mining and Dressing) Sector H Coal Mines and Coal Mining-Related Facilities Sector I Oil and Gas Extraction and Refining Sector J Mineral Mining and Dressing Sector K Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage or Disposal Facilities Sector L Landfills and Land Application Sites Sector M Automobile Salvage Yards Sector N Scrap Recycling Facilities Sector O Steam Electric Generating Facilities Sector P Land Transportation Sector Q Water Transportation Sector R Ship and Boat Building or Repairing Yards Sector S Air Transportation Facilities Sector T Treatment Works Sector U Food and Kindred Products Sector V Textile Mills, Apparel, and Other Fabric Product Manufacturing Sector W Furniture and Fixtures Sector X Printing and Publishing Sector Y Rubber, Miscellaneous Plastic Products, and Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries Sector Z Leather Tanning and Finishing Sector AA Fabricated Metal Products Sector AB Transportation Equipment, Industrial or Commercial Machinery Sector AC Electronic, Electrical, Photographic and Optical Goods August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Regulations De Minimus General Permit: This permit allows for the discharge of pollutants associated with potable and reclaimed water systems, subterranean dewatering, well development, aquifer testing, hydrostatic testing of specific pipelines, residential cooling water, charitable car washes, building and street washing, and dechlorinated swimming pool water. The permit also allows ADEQ to review and approve other case-by-case short-term and/or low volume discharges that are considered “De Minimus” in nature. ADEQ issued the AZPDES De Minimus General Permit No. AZG2004-001 on March 17, 2004. As of June 2009, this permit was expired and ADEQ was in the process of preparing a new permit. Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: To conform with the updated federal regulations for Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), ADEQ revised the AZPDES program rules and made them effective on February 2, 2004. Under this rule all CAFOs (defined by number and type of confined animal), and whether or not they discharge to Waters of the U.S.) are required to apply for a permit, submit an annual report and develop and follow a plan for handling manure and wastewater. In addition, the rule moves efforts to protect the environment forward by placing controls on land application of manure and wastewater, covering all major animal agriculture sectors, and increasing public access to information through CAFO annual reports. ADEQ issued the AZPDES Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations General Permit (No. AZG2004-002) on April 16, 2004. 2.5 CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT The AZPDES General Permit for Discharge from Construction Activities to Waters of the United States (Permit No. AZG2008-001), which became effective on February 28, 2008 (Construction General Permit, or CGP), establishes the procedures and activities required for proper permit coverage of both large and small construction sites. This permit replaces the previous CGP that expired in early 2008. A copy of the AZPDES CGP, along with a copy of the EPA NPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges from Construction Activities issued in January 2008 (i.e., Federal CGP that is applicable only in relation to large and small construction activities on Indian land in Arizona) is included in Appendix A. Both CGPs are good for a 5-year period, at which time the corresponding permitting authority will revise and re-issue the permit for another 5 years. A large construction activity refers to the clearing, grading, and excavating that results in land disturbance of 5 or more acres. It also refers to the disturbance of less than 5 acres of total land area that is a part of a larger common plan of development or sale if the larger common plan will ultimately disturb 5 acres or more. A small construction activity refers to the clearing, grading, and excavating that results in land disturbance of 1 or more, but less than 5 acres of land. It also refers to the disturbance of less than 1 acre of total land area that is part of a larger common plan of development or sale if the larger common plan will ultimately disturb 1 or more, but less than 5 acres. August 2009 2-9 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Regulations In summary, coverage under the AZPDES CGP (or the NPDES CGP where applicable) is required for stormwater discharges from construction sites involving clearing, grading and excavating activities that disturb one or more acres of land. There is one (1) permit waiver for small construction activities (Note: not available for large construction activities) provided in both the AZPDES and NPDES CGPs. This permit waiver is where the construction site operator has determined that the rainfall erosivity factor (R) in the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE)5 is less than 5. The project R value is dependent on the duration of the project, the climate of the project area, and the time of year in which the project is scheduled. The rainfall erosivity factor can be determined using ADEQ’s web-based SMART NOI program (https://az.gov/app/noi/(S(osmjob55sgseg155fanh5345))/Default.aspx) or, for manual calculation, as specified in the EPA Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver (Fact Sheet 3.1, EPA Document No. 833-F-00-014). Permit waivers must be explicitly approved prior to construction activities by the permitting authority, plus can be revoked anytime during the project if physical or operation conditions of the construction site change. A construction stormwater discharge permit waiver under the AZPDES or NPDES CGP does not provide a waiver for compliance related to Maricopa County’s Dust Control Program. The Air Quality Division of the County’s Environmental Services Department issues Dust Control Permits to citizens who plan to conduct activities that will disturb a surface area equal to or greater than 0.1 acre or the demolition of buildings. All sites with disturbed surface areas, regardless of the size, must maintain compliance with Rule 3106. Compliance with the requirements of the AZPDES CGP and NPDES CGP consists of the following major components (illustrated in Figure 2.1): 5. 6. • Preparation of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) • Applying and obtaining authorization to discharge • Installation, maintenance and inspection of best management practices • Stabilization of the site • Terminating permit coverage An equation developed by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service in 1997 that is commonly used to calculate soil loss potentials. Rule 310 – Fugitive Dust from Dust-Generating Operations: Establishes limits for the emissions of particulate matter into the ambient air from any property, operation or activity that may serve as a fugitive dust source. 2-10 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Regulations FIGURE 2.1 COMPLYING WITH THE CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS The information that is presented in the following sections is intended for general guidance only. Construction site operators should obtain and refer to the latest AZPDES CGP (or the latest NPDES CGP if the construction site is on Indian land) for specific permit requirements. 2.5.1 Preparation of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan A Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is the document that defines the measures to be employed to prevent the release of pollution from a specific construction site. The SWPPP identifies the techniques that the operator will use to reduce site erosion and sediment loss, as well as manage construction-related wastes. It identifies the maintenance procedures that the August 2009 2-11 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Regulations operator will perform to preserve the efficiency of the techniques used. The SWPPP must clearly describe the control measures, the timing and sequence of implementation, and which operator is responsible for implementation of the control measures. In summary, the operator must develop and implement a SWPPP that satisfies the conditions of the permit. More information about the development of SWPPPs is presented in Chapter 4 of this document. The SWPPP is normally not submitted to ADEQ (or EPA), instead it must be available onsite or nearby for inspection by the regulatory agency personnel, local jurisdiction staff, and the public upon request. The SWPPP is a “living document” that must be updated as conditions on the construction site change. Compliance checks by the permitting authority are normally based on completeness and accuracy of the record keeping in the SWPPP. SWPPP records must be kept a minimum of 3 years after the permit coverage ends. 2.5.2 Obtaining Authorization to Discharge The operator of a construction site is responsible for obtaining coverage under the appropriate CGP. The operator could be the owner, the developer, the general contractor or individual contractor. When responsibility for operational control is shared, all operators must apply. Thus, it is possible that a single construction site may have a number of operators who may operate under a common or separate SWPPP. The Notice of Intent (NOI) is the “application” that is used to obtain coverage from the permitting authority. The NOI must be complete and accurate and signed by the appropriate signatory agent in order for permit coverage to be obtained. Thus, submission of the NOI alone does not mean that the operator has met all the eligibility requirements for the general permit. This form also serves as a promise by the construction operator that there will be compliance with the permit conditions. Once the SWPPP is prepared and a complete and accurate NOI is received by the permitting authority, the operator must wait for authorization from ADEQ or, if ADEQ receipt of the NOI is documented, 7 calendar days after submitting a complete and accurate NOI before discharging. The waiting period under the NPDES CGP is 7 calendar days. If the permitting authority does not contact the operator within the waiting period, the operator may assume permit coverage has been granted. Whether or not the permitting authority notifies the operator of a deficiency in the NOI, discharges are not authorized under this permit if the operator submits an incomplete or incorrect NOI. Under the AZPDES CGP, a regulated construction site that is located within 1/4 mile of receiving waters and/or tributaries listed as “impaired”7 or “unique”8 must receive special consideration. In 7. 8. “Impaired water” refers to any surface water body that appears in the list of impaired waters of the state as required by Section 303(d) of the CWA. The latest list of impaired waters (commonly referred to as the 303(d) list) in the state can be found on ADEQ’s web site. “Unique water” means surface water that is classified as an outstanding state resource under R18-11-112. The latest list of “unique” waters in Arizona can be found on ADEQ’s web site. 2-12 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Regulations this case, both the NOI and SWPPP must undergo review by ADEQ. To grant permit approval, ADEQ may require that specific controls or monitoring for the site be implemented and/or specific BMP selection/criteria be followed. ADEQ must review the permit materials and notify the operator within 32 business days. If notification is not received in this time frame, the construction site operator may assume coverage under the CGP. Because all MS4s are regulated under a separate permit to manage discharges from construction and post-construction activities, if the facility has the potential to discharge to a MS4, the applicant must also forward a copy of the completed NOI to the owner/operator of the MS4 system at the time it is submitted to the permitting authority. Also, the MS4 may have individual procedures or policies regarding SWPPP and/or NOI review or submittal requirements that the construction operator will need to be familiar with and follow. Contact information of the person or department for each MS4 within Maricopa County is presented in Appendix A. 2.5.3 Installation, Maintenance, and Inspection of BMPs The practices and procedures identified in the SWPPP for the initial phase of construction must be implemented prior to commencing construction activities that result in soil disturbance. BMPs for subsequent phases of construction must be implemented in accordance with the SWPPP. All erosion and sediment control measures and other protective measures identified in the SWPPP must be maintained in effective operating condition. Qualified personnel provided by the operator must inspect the construction site and BMPs to verify effectiveness. If the inspections reveal poorly performing or ineffective best management practices, the BMPs and possibly the SWPPP must be modified to correct identified problems. Inspection reports must be signed and certified by appropriate personnel as specified in the CGP and retained as part of the SWPPP. The operator must perform routine inspections to ensure that BMPs are functional and that the SWPPP is being properly implemented. The operator must specify one of the following inspection schedules: 1. At least once every 7 calendar days, or 2. At least once every 14 calendar days, and also within 24 hours of the end of each storm event of 0.5 inches or greater. Under the AZPDES CGP, the operator may reduce the inspection schedule if the entire site is temporarily stabilized or runoff is unlikely due to winter conditions. 2.5.4 Stabilization of the Site During construction, some areas that are disturbed may be inactive for extended periods of time. Areas where construction activities have temporarily or permanently ceased for extended periods (longer than 14 days) must be stabilized through the use of temporary or permanent vegetation, mulching, sod, geotextiles or other similar measures to minimize erosion. When all August 2009 2-13 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Regulations construction activities for a site have permanently ceased, final stabilization of the site must be achieved. There are no specific notification requirements for operators of small construction sites seeking to terminate coverage. Final stabilization of the site to at least 70 percent of natural background levels must be achieved in order to consider coverage under the CGP terminated. Coverage under the CGP is not considered terminated until a NOT is filled and approved by ADEQ or EPA. 2.5.5 Termination of Coverage After final stabilization of the construction site is achieved, or another operator has assumed control over all areas of the site that have not been finally stabilized, the operator must submit a NOT to ADEQ or EPA. Upon submission of the NOT, the operator loses the authority to discharge stormwater under the CGP. Note that some local jurisdictions (MS4s) may require that a copy of the NOT be submitted to them as well. After the construction project is complete and the project's disturbed area is stabilized, or if the responsibility for the project has been assumed by another operator, the permittee must submit a Notice of Termination (NOT) to the appropriate permitting authority to end participation in the stormwater permit program. The operator shall retain a copy of the SWPPP at the construction site from the date that construction activities begin to the date of NOT submittal. Once the NOT is submitted and termination of permit coverage approved by the permitting authority, records can be elsewhere but need to be kept for a minimum of three years. The NOTs for both the AZPDES and NPDES CGPs, as well as other forms, can be found in Appendix B of this document. 2-14 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 3 3 3 Erosion Control: Principles and Practices PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES 3.1 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.1.1 Erosion Mechanisms ................................................................................... 3-2 3.1.2 Surface Erosion........................................................................................... 3-2 3.1.3 Gully and Channel Erosion ......................................................................... 3-4 3.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 3.2.1 Erosion Control Methodology ...................................................................... 3-5 3.2.2 Sediment Control Methodology ................................................................... 3-6 3.2.3 Dust Control Methodology........................................................................... 3-8 3.3 FACTORS AFFECTING BMP SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3.3.1 Site Characteristics ..................................................................................... 3-9 3.3.2 Anticipated Construction Activities ............................................................ 3-10 3.3.3 Regulatory Requirements ......................................................................... 3-10 3.3.4 Maintenance Requirements ...................................................................... 3-10 3.4 USE OF BMPS IN THE SWPPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.4.1 Permanent Erosion and Sediment Controls .............................................. 3-11 3.4.2 Temporary Erosion and Sediment Controls .............................................. 3-12 3.5 SUMMARY OF EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 The objective of this chapter is to present overview information and a general approach towards selecting the appropriate best management practices (BMPs) that address the major erosion and sediment control issues specific to the construction site when developing a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). 3.1 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION PRINCIPLES Erosion is a natural process by which soil and rock material is loosened and transported. Erosion may occur by wind, water, or ice. Natural erosion generally occurs over a period of years, decades, or centuries, but human activities can greatly accelerate this. Erosion from land disturbed by construction activities may be as much as 10,000 times that from undisturbed areas. Furthermore, although natural erosion may replenish sediment needed for habitat in streams, erosion from large bulldozed areas are more likely to smother streams. An understanding of erosion processes helps predict when such undesirable impacts will occur and how to prevent them. August 2009 3-1 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices 3.1.1 Erosion Mechanisms Erosion begins with the detachment of soil particles by some force, such as raindrop impact, running water, or wind. If the force that the water or wind exerts on the soil, called shear stress, overcomes the cohesiveness of the soil, the soil particle is detached and erosion occurs. A number of site factors determine the balance of these forces and how much erosion occurs. The grain size, cohesiveness, and other physical/chemical properties of soils affect erosion susceptibility. Soils cleared of vegetation are not protected from the impact of raindrops and are not held in place by plant roots. Steeper slopes increase the velocity of water and thus, are more prone to erosion. Torrential rainfall is more likely to loosen soils and carry it away than gentle rainfall. Once soil particles are detached, the same wind and water forces that began the erosion can transport them. Soil scientists have identified several stages or types of water erosion: splash, sheet, rill or gully, and channel erosion, as shown in Figure 3.1. Splash erosion occurs when bare soil is exposed to raindrop impact. The pounding action destroys the soil structure and often forms a hard crust when the surface dries. The crust prevents water infiltration and establishment of vegetation, which increases runoff and future erosion. Sheet erosion occurs when there has been enough rain to cause shallow sheets of water to flow over the surface of the soil. Sheet flow picks up and transports the particles detached by splash erosion. The sheet flow will persist for only a few hundred feet before concentrating into rills or gullies. Rills and gullies are formed when runoff begins to concentrate into rivulets. The energy of the concentrated flows is able to both detach and transport soil particles. The small, shallow rills begin to cut deeper and come together to form gullies, further increasing the force of the flow and causing more erosion. Channels receive the runoff from the rills and gullies. Natural stream channels are generally in equilibrium with erosion and deposition. However, the increased volume and velocity of runoff from development will cause the channel to adjust by widening and downcutting. 3.1.2 Surface Erosion Rainfall impact and sheet flow both have low velocities and normally result in minimum surface erosion on undisturbed land. Even in the semi-arid climate of Arizona where vegetative cover is minimal, natural desert soil conditions (including desert pavement and compacted hardpan formed from evaporated salt solutions), provide protection against surface erosion. Construction activities remove the protective cover of vegetation and the natural soil resistance to erosion. 3-2 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices FIGURE 3.1 ILLUSTRATION OF THE VARIOUS STAGES OF WATER EROSION Surface erosion can be predicted by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), which estimates the annual soil loss in tons per acre from rainfall and sheet erosion. The RUSLE predicts the sediment loss according to physical parameters of the rainfall erosion index, soil erosion potential, length and steepness of slope, plant cover or crop management practices, and erosion control practices such as terracing and contouring. The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS; formerly Soil Conservation Service) has developed regional maps covering Arizona, which provide recommended values for these parameters based on the typical soils in Arizona, climatic factors, and geographic factors (USDA, 1997). This data can be accessed at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/. August 2009 3-3 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices 3.1.3 Gully and Channel Erosion Natural stream channels are usually in overall equilibrium with erosion and deposition balancing out along the length of the stream. The channel from bank to bank is formed from the smaller flow events, events occurring once every year or two. Urbanization increases the intensity and duration of flows causing flooding, channel instability and increased erosion potential. Typical human responses to these symptoms include removal of stream bank vegetation, straightening the channel, or lining the channel with riprap. These measures may increase capacity but they also increase erosion in non-armored parts of the stream, particularly at bends or near culverts. In Arizona, modifications to stream channels have long been reviewed for the short-term and long-term impacts to the stream course sediment transport balance and the channel slope. Maintaining the natural sediment transport characteristics of the native ephemeral streams or arroyos are an important part of the stormwater quality management planning for Maricopa County and many other locations in Arizona. Planners can predict potential stream erosion by using geomorphic analyses, stable slope equations, sediment transport equations, and computer models. Where special conditions exist along major channels and floodplains, the engineer should consult with local stormwater authorities to determine what level of erosion and sediment transport analysis may be necessary to meet local standards. Site design and construction practices, including temporary drainage structures, should be reviewed for potential erosion impacts, particularly at outlet structures. Methods for predicting erosive flow velocities at these structures have been developed based on soil types, particle size, flow velocities, and flow depth. The Flood Control District of Maricopa County's Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County, Arizona, Hydraulics Manual (FCDMC, 2003), contains information on design parameters for culvert outlet protection and design of stream channel protection. 3.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PRACTICES Erosion and sediment control is a phrase commonly used to describe a variety of measures (BMPs) that deal with excessive losses of soil through stormwater runoff. However, erosion control and sediment control are actually two different processes and have distinct families of BMPs associated with each one of them. These processes are directed at different phases of the erosion process. This has repercussions affecting both site planning and costs. Erosion control refers to measures that keep erosion from occurring in the first place. That is why it is sometimes called source control. These preventative measures include limiting soil disturbances, maintaining or increasing vegetative cover, or routing water away from exposed soils. Erosion control is often non-structural in nature and may be relatively inexpensive. Sediment control measures are practices that address erosion once soil particles have detached and have the potential to be transported by water across the land. These treatment measures 3-4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices may include silt fences, inlet protection, retention, or detention ponds. Sediment control measures tend to be more structural in nature and are usually more costly. Dust control measures deal with wind-generated erosion. Some of the techniques are similar to those for water erosion, but there are some important differences, including higher wind erosion rates along exposed ridges and slopes and less in streambeds and gullies. All three types of measures, erosion, sediment, and dust control should be incorporated into construction activities to prevent stormwater pollution and comply with construction stormwater discharge regulations and associated stormwater pollution management plan, the SWPPP. 3.2.1 Erosion Control Methodology Erosion control is preventative in nature. Although simple in concept, erosion control is often difficult to implement due to the varied activities and schedules at a construction site. Table 3.1 lists the general factors to be addressed in the erosion control part of the SWPPP. TABLE 3.1 GENERAL EROSION CONTROL MEASURES • Minimize the area disturbed and the time period of disturbance. • Preserve vegetation when possible and quickly replant disturbed areas. • Minimize the runoff volume flowing onto the site from adjacent areas. • Reduce the volume and velocity of storm runoff from the site. • Install temporary or permanent soil stabilization, such as mulches, matting, or chemical soil binders. A large number of BMPs help minimize site disturbances. The area to be graded should be clearly marked. Access to the site, as well as heavy equipment movement across the site, should be controlled. Limiting traffic leads to less erosion onsite and less sediment leaving the site. Consider phasing the project so the entire area is not cleared at once if building will not immediately take place on some lots. Although phasing may mean extra expense by bringing in grading equipment more than once, that expense may be offset by less structural BMPs for sediment control. Where possible, vegetation should be preserved (especially large trees). The foliage helps protect the soil from the impact of rainfall (the first step in the erosion process). The roots increase the infiltration of water moving across the soil (decreasing sheet flow, the second step of erosion), and the roots also help anchor soil in rills and along channels (the third and fourth steps). Preserving vegetation can also help decrease the cost of new landscaping, both in terms of the costs of the new plants and of increased maintenance they require. Existing, mature vegetation may also increase the sale value of new homes. August 2009 3-5 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices Runoff from the development site poses one set of problems, runoff from adjacent sites another. Structures to divert flows around the downstream development are the most common means of dealing with this problem. However, in some cases, the upstream and downstream property owners may find cooperating on detention structures or other regional facilities during construction is a more cost effective method. Reducing the internal volume and velocity of runoff from the site can take many forms. Preserving site vegetation is one method. Reducing heavy equipment traffic helps reduce soil compaction and preserves the infiltration capacity of the soil. Packed soils can be roughened with harrows or tracked equipment. Take advantage of the ups and downs of natural topography in the grading plans as it helps to break up long straight slopes that increase runoff velocity. Mulches, matting, or chemical soil binders can provide temporary cover for soils. Used correctly, they prevent erosion from rain impact and along channels. They can be impregnated with seeds and fertilizer allowing vegetation to become established. These methods of covering soils are often the best types of BMPs to use on steep slopes or less accessible locations. They are not a first choice for surfaces that are heavily traveled, as they will break down rapidly under such conditions. 3.2.2 Sediment Control Methodology In addition to the methods for erosion control, the SWPPP also requires sediment control measures. Sediment control BMPs treat runoff for particulates after they have already been eroded and are being washed off the site. It should be kept in mind that another goal of the Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (AZPDES; specific to Arizona) and the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES; in Arizona, only applicable in relation to Indian Country) construction discharge permit programs is the reduction, wherever practicable, of sediment resulting from post-construction conditions as well as during construction. This means some permanent measures may be required in addition to temporary ones. Table 3.2 provides information on sediment control. Temporary structural barriers reduce the velocity of runoff from a site. Silt fences, straw bales, sand bags, and gravel filter berms pond the runoff, allowing it to slowly seep through the barrier. The ponding reduces the velocity, which causes particulates to settle out at the barrier. Only a limited amount of sediment is also removed by filtration through the barrier. Proper installation and maintenance is critical for all of these sediment control barriers. If water runs around the ends of the barrier, underneath the barrier, or through rips, tears, or other gaps in the barrier, sediment will not be removed effectively. All of these barriers will also fall apart with time and exposure to weather, with straw bales being particularly short-lived. Check dams reduce the velocity of flows in areas of concentrated flows, such as in channels or along slopes. Reducing velocity helps the settling of sediments and prevents erosion or scour along the channel. Using rock-filled sandbags for temporary checkdams allows easy removal, 3-6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices unlike gravel or earth berms. Gravel or earth berms may be left in place as a post-construction measure to slow down flows in the channel. TABLE 3.2 GENERAL SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES • Install temporary structural barriers such as silt fences or organic filter barriers. • Use check dams and other structures to decrease channel velocities. • Provide sediment filters or traps at storm drain inlets. • Treat flows from dewatering activities to remove sediment. • Route runoff through sediment traps, and/or sedimentation basins. • Provide final stabilization of disturbed areas through revegetation. Sediment filters or traps help protect storm drain inlets. A wide variety of materials may be used to construct these protective measures, but all operate in much the same way as the temporary sediment barriers, by allowing short-term ponding and settling of particulates. Treating flows from dewatering activities may be done chemically or physically. Chemically, a flocculant such as alum can be added to the discharge to settle out solids. Physically removing the sediment is, in many ways, the reverse of the inlet protection measures. Instead of removing sediment by trapping it before it enters the conveyance system, a filtration bag receives sediment-laden water pumped from an excavation and filters sediment before it seeps through to the outside of the bag. The more sediment is trapped the more efficient the bag becomes at trapping it, causing it to burst if not carefully watched. Routing flows through sediment traps and basins is perhaps the easiest type of sediment control BMPs to understand. These detention facilities hold the runoff for a period of time allowing suspended particulates to settle out. Generally, larger facilities allow longer residence times for the stormwater and result in greater sediment removal rates. Designing them with a permanent pool of water greatly increases the sediment removal rate, because the deposited sediments are secure from washing out during the next storm. Stabilization of disturbed areas through revegetation differs slightly from the vegetation measure discussed under the Erosion Control Section. Whereas the erosion control measure stressed preservation of existing vegetation and replanting to protect underlying soils, the use of vegetation for sediment control emphasizes new plantings for treating sediment in runoff. Vegetation can treat runoff through several mechanisms. Vegetation along channels and in filter strips filters runoff, slowing velocities and promoting settling and pollutant adsorption to the leaves and stems of the vegetation and underlying soils. Vegetation can be used in infiltration facilities where the root systems help keep infiltration rates high and evapotranspiration from leaves helps reduce waterlogging in soils. Vegetation will also take up and sequester some metals, nutrients, and other compounds into the plant that would otherwise be passed downstream as pollutants. One August 2009 3-7 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices of the biggest advantages to using vegetation is that once properly established, it is self-maintaining, limiting the amount of human care required. 3.2.3 Dust Control Methodology A third component of erosion and sediment control is dust control. In semi-arid regions, control of wind-borne sediment (dust) is an important part of pollutant source control. Once these fine sediments leave a site by wind, they are often re-dispersed into the atmosphere or into the public storm sewer systems by subsequent vehicular traffic, wind, and rainfall. Control measures that minimize the generation of fugitive dust from construction sites help limit the quantity of sediments in stormwater. Dust is defined as solid particles or particulate matter small enough to remain suspended in the air for an extended period of time. Dust from a construction site originates as inorganic particulates from rock and soil surfaces, material storage piles, and construction materials. The majority of dust generated and emitted into the air at a construction site is related to earth moving, demolition, construction traffic on unpaved surfaces, and wind over disturbed soil surfaces. Measures for addressing the most common sources of fugitive dust generated by construction activities are listed in Table 3.3. TABLE 3.3 GENERAL DUST CONTROL MEASURES Pave or gravel travel surfaces such as: • Temporary parking lots and staging areas • Construction access driveways. Treat exposed areas with soil binders or water: • Construction sites, bare ground areas. • Land clearing and grubbing activities. • Earthwork, dozing, grading, scraping. • Soil and debris piles. • Tilling. Limit exposure during materials handling: 3-8 • Batch drop, dumping. • Conveyor transfer and stacking. • Material transfer points. • Crushing, milling, and screening operations. • Spilled materials. • Sawing/sanding concrete or wood. • Demolition and debris disposal. August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices Paving or constructing gravel roads for vehicle traffic throughout the construction site helps prevent breakdown of soils and tracking of sediments offsite, both common sources of dust. Dust control may be accomplished on exposed surfaces at the site by frequent watering of loose soils. In arid climates, such as Arizona this may prove infeasible. The use of soil binders, chemicals that form a crust over the soil surface, may be necessary for long-term control. Many construction activities create fine particulates during construction. These include any crushing, milling, or sawing activities. Conducting these activities where wind exposure is limited will help limit dust releases. Another effective measure is covering material stockpiles 3.3 FACTORS AFFECTING BMP SELECTION A successful erosion and sediment control plan will need to incorporate several different types of BMPs to address the various stages of erosion that are taking place on the construction site as noted above. However, most developments are planned around construction activities and permitting, not the mechanisms of erosion. The following is a brief overview of how erosion and sediment control BMPs may be considered in the context of development. The choice of which BMPs to use will depend on a number of factors: the characteristics of the site, the type of construction project, and the applicable regulations. 3.3.1 Site Characteristics The effect of site characteristics on erosion should be taken into account early in the planning process, before the development is laid out, not as an afterthought following the final grading plan. The natural terrain, soil types, vegetation, and drainages dramatically affect erosion as well as planning where to construct buildings and roads. Steep slopes and high points of the site are areas where erosion will tend to start. Long, uninterrupted slopes will generate high runoff velocities, increasing the risk of erosion. Areas with good existing vegetation are relatively stable, but depending on the underlying soils, may quickly erode when exposed. Eroded sediments will tend to accumulate in the low points of the drainage, which may cause flooding issues. Larger questions may also need to be addressed. Does all of the runoff originate on the site or does some come from offsite? Where does the site drain? Does it drain to adjacent properties or public waterways? Is the site located next to sensitive areas? Does it drain through open channels or into pipes? These may limit the options available for erosion or sediment control. The climate of the site should be considered in relation to the construction schedule. Ideally, construction should happen during dry weather, but not so dry that dust becomes a significant problem. But, as the weather is never completely cooperative, the likely quantity and intensity of rainfall should be accounted for when planning site activities. August 2009 3-9 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices 3.3.2 Anticipated Construction Activities The type of construction activity must be considered. Is it a commercial development with large buildings and acres of parking? Is it a residential development with houses separated by yards? Or, is it perhaps multi-family housing with little or no yard? The construction schedule will affect which erosion and sediment control BMPs will work. A large commercial building built as a single project, will require a different approach, perhaps a large settling basin, that might not be appropriate when building single-family homes. The overall size of the project, surrounding land uses, and proximity to public infrastructure are other factors that will influence an erosion and sediment control plan. 3.3.3 Regulatory Requirements The characteristics of the site location and anticipated construction activities will determine many of the regulatory requirements for erosion and sediment control. Sensitive areas or habitat issues may restrict activities or require extra measures. Local zoning and ordinances may come into play with steep slopes or adjacent public lands. Different regulatory requirements may apply during different parts of the year. One of the key requirements is the preparation of a SWPPP as required by the AZPDES/NPDES general permits. The AZPDES/NPDES goals are to: (1) reduce erosion, (2) minimize sedimentation, and (3) eliminate the discharge of non-stormwater pollutants associated with construction activities. 3.3.4 Maintenance Requirements The most common cause of erosion and sediment control failure is not usually poor planning or design, although those can certainly play a role. The most common failure is the lack of proper maintenance. Erosion and sediment control devices must be regularly inspected and maintained. If rills and gullies begin forming on site, the erosion control measures are not working and additional steps need to be taken. If downstream channels and pipes fill up with sediment, the sediment control measures must be cleaned or new BMPs installed. But the site foreman should not wait until a failure before doing maintenance. The site will be in violation of its permit and the developer may be fined or a stop work order may be issued. A good erosion and sediment control plan recognizes the need for maintenance and ideally, a set of BMPs is selected to minimize the maintenance requirements and lessen the chance of failure. 3.4 USE OF BMPS IN THE SWPPP The SWPPP is site-specific and should be developed based on a site evaluation and assessment of the soil characteristics and erosion potential. Emphasis should be placed on erosion control measures, because they are generally more effective and less costly to implement. However, erosion control is almost never sufficient by itself, so a typical SWPPP will include both erosion and sediment control BMPs. 3-10 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices The SWPPP should also consider which erosion and sediment control measures are to be permanent measures and which are to be temporary measures. Permanent measures will be an important part of the finished development and need to be integrated from the start. Temporary measures, although important to consider early on, are less dependent on the planned final development of the site and may change over the course of the project. 3.4.1 Permanent Erosion and Sediment Controls In Arizona, as in other arid areas in the west, permanent erosion and sediment control measures are very important because of the difficulty in re-establishing vegetation through natural processes. Grading and construction may leave areas subject to erosion and sedimentation both onsite and offsite long after construction is complete because of the nature of desert soils and native vegetation and the high intensity of rainfall events when they do occur. Permanent controls are designed before the contractor begins site construction. During construction, the contractor is responsible for installation of the permanent controls. These may include irrigation and landscape improvements to increase effectiveness. After the project is complete, it will be the responsibility of the owner, private or public, to provide for the long-term operation and maintenance of these permanent controls. EPA's design goal for post-construction conditions is for the reduction of sediments in runoff that exceed the pre-development conditions. Permanent controls deal with the final improvements and configuration of the construction project and site. Permanent improvements are normally considered during the design phase of a project and are reflected on the plans or in the specifications. Table 3.4 lists some typical design elements of permanent erosion and sediment controls that are found in a SWPPP. TABLE 3.4 PERMANENT EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES FOR A TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SWPPP • Final land grading, contours and drainage patterns. • Street alignment and building locations. • Control of the quantity or quality of stormwater runoff by such means as detention/retention basins, porous pavement, dry-wells, debris basins, etc. • Permanent landscaping, rock rip rap, or other permanent ground cover designed to stabilize the soil or slopes. • Channel stabilization, energy dissipaters, or other drainage structures. Final grading should be designed to work with the natural contours as much as possible. Making use of existing drainage patterns helps lessen the erosion that would occur during establish- August 2009 3-11 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices ment of a new stream channel. Existing vegetation along the channel can also help to decrease sediment movement. Many considerations other than stormwater determine alignment of streets and locations of buildings. However, a few things may help minimize erosion if they are not already included. Minimizing the length of streets that run at a steep grade down slopes will help keep velocities reasonable and lessen flooding and erosion problems. Buildings may be clustered, allowing open, rainwater-absorbing areas between clusters. Narrower streets, smaller parking areas, sidewalks on only one side of the street, or a street layout featuring many short branches off a few larger arterials all help to minimize the amount of impervious surface in the development and therefore, the amount of stormwater runoff and erosion likely to occur. These design elements are sometimes referred to as low impact development and they are preventative measures, focusing on limiting the first phases of erosion. They do have to be consistent with local zoning, building codes, floodplain use regulations, construction codes, and design criteria, however, which can be a challenge. A number of structural measures can help reduce the amount of runoff from the site, decreasing the potential for future erosion (as well as decreasing the size of required conveyance facilities). Among these are: porous pavement and dry-wells, which infiltrate stormwater and can recharge groundwater. Detention by sediment basins is a measure that decreases the rate of stormwater discharge from the site. This is a measure that can be installed before construction to trap and control sediments. Detention facilities can also be cleaned out and landscaped to provide water quality benefits after development is complete. Once established, groundcovers and other vegetation can help protect soils from beginning to erode. Properly selected native vegetation reduces the amount of required irrigation and maintenance. In steeper areas or where vegetation establishment is difficult, other permanent ground covers, such as decomposed granite may be used for similar purposes. Channel stabilization, energy dissipaters, and other drainage structures are designed to reduce erosion in channels. They tend to be more expensive and difficult to maintain than the above measures that focus more on source control. Designed correctly, they do provide longterm benefits by preventing channel erosion and flooding problems from buildup of excess sediments. 3.4.2 Temporary Erosion and Sediment Controls Permanent measures cannot address all of the erosion and sediment control needs on a construction site. Temporary controls target specific problem areas and only need be in place for the duration of that problem. For instance, once grading work on a particular slope is finished, a BMP, such as a silt fence may be replaced with another BMP, such as mulching, which can be left in place. Table 3.5 lists typical temporary controls. Notice that they address the different components of the erosion process, similar to what was discussed above, first by controlling the source of erosion and finally by treating any erosion that does occur. 3-12 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices TABLE 3.5 TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES FOR A TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SWPPP • Limit exposure of disturbed areas. • Establish perimeter controls. • Stabilize disturbed areas. • Protect slopes. • Trap sediments. The staging and timing of construction can limit the exposure of disturbed areas and minimize the amount of erosion that occurs. The grading may be staged so that only small areas are exposed to erosion at any one time, with only the areas that are actively being developed exposed. As soon as construction is complete in one area, stabilize the remaining exposed graded areas. A key aspect of this management strategy is to retain the existing vegetation and ground cover where feasible, especially along existing washes and along the downstream perimeter of the site (Goldman et. al., 1986). When vegetative cover is removed from land, the soil becomes highly susceptible to erosion. Runoff may cause erosion if allowed to cross the exposed soils, particularly when the denuded areas are on slopes. Use of perimeter controls, such as dikes or ditches, to divert upland runoff away from a disturbed area to a stable outlet is recommended. The two most common applications of these diversion devices are to intercept runoff on cut or fill slopes and to prevent runoff from entering a disturbed area, such as a group of building pads. The flow can then be taken to the downstream area of the project site and released back into the natural drainage pattern. Depending on the size of the drainage area, slope, and other factors affecting erosion, the diverted water may require a spreading basin or other temporary form of energy dissipater before returning to the natural downstream drainage. In constructing any perimeter channel or berm to divert flow, the contractor must insure that these controls do not adversely impact surrounding properties. The contractor is also reminded that these structures for sediment control are only for the average runoff. The structures are temporary and need not provide for large capacity flows (US EPA, 1999). Stabilize disturbed areas with vegetation or mulch. Native vegetation provides the first and best line of defense against erosion and sedimentation and does so at the least cost to the contractor, while minimizing the need to revegetate or provide structural controls. August 2009 3-13 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices Temporary ground covers such as temporary seeding, mulch, chemical and fabric stabilizers provide quick, continuous ground cover to protect the soil from erosion until permanent vegetation can be established or permanent construction is installed (US EPA, 1999). While temporary vegetative ground cover can be a very effective method of preventing erosion, the re-establishment of vegetation in the arid regions of Arizona is not always practical. Timing of re-vegetation efforts is critical to the success of any revegetation effort. A more practical approach, especially for areas where the stabilization is temporary, may be the use of magnesium chloride or lignum sulfate. These two chemical measures do not have an adverse impact on plant life and are a low-cost stabilization treatment. Unacceptable treatments include oil treatment or sodium chloride. Ground cover of gravel, decomposed granite, wood chips, or mulch may also be used separately or with vegetation (Goldman et. al., 1986). Slope length and steepness are among the most critical factors in determining erosion potential. Increasing slope length and steepness increases the velocity of runoff, which greatly increases its erosion potential. Providing slope protection is critical in high risk areas such as these. To prevent erosive velocities from occurring on long or steep slopes, the slopes may be terraced at regular intervals. Terraces will slow down the runoff and provide a place for small amounts of sediment to settle out. Slope benches are usually constructed with ditches along them or are back-sloped at a gentle angle toward the hill. These benches and ditches intercept runoff before it can reach an erosive velocity and divert it to a stable outlet. Slope stability for cuts and fills should conform to Uniform Building Code standards or to the soil report recommendations. Overland flow velocities can be kept low by minimizing slope steepness and length and by providing a rough surface for runoff to cross. Driving a bulldozer across a slope (called trackwalking) creates tread marks parallel to slope contours. These miniature terraces both slow runoff velocity and provide flat places for vegetation to hold. Raking or disking the soil surface before seeding also keeps runoff velocities down and increases plant establishment rates. Vegetation, once established, will further reduce runoff rates (Goldman et. al., 1986). Some erosion during construction is unavoidable. The function of a sediment barrier is to trap sediment and prevent it from leaving a site after it has been eroded. The most common sediment barriers are sediment basins and traps, straw bale dikes, and silt fences. Locate sediment basins and traps at low points below disturbed areas. Use earth dikes or swales to route drainage from disturbed areas on gentle to moderate slopes. Stormwater runoff temporarily ponds up behind these barriers allowing sediment to settle out. Gradually the water seeps out, leaving the silt behind (Goldman et. al., 1986). 3.5 SUMMARY OF EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION GUIDELINES Planning for erosion and sediment control should begin well before the bulldozer shows up on site. Following some of the guidelines discussed in this chapter will increase the likelihood of a successful plan: 3-14 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices • The plan needs to comply with AZPDES/NPDES and local requirements. • It should use existing site features such as topography and vegetation as much as feasible. • The plan should consider measures that can be left in place permanently, after development is complete. • A combination of BMPs that address different stages of erosion and sediment control should be selected. • Emphasis should be placed on BMPs that focus early in the erosion process and prevent erosion from occurring. • BMPs must be regularly maintained. • BMPs that will require less maintenance should be encouraged. August 2009 3-15 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Principles and Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 3-16 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 3 Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage 4 OBTAINING AND TERMINATING PERMIT COVERAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 OBTAINING AND TERMINATING PERMIT COVERAGE 4.1 THE CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1.1 Permit Waivers ............................................................................................ 4-2 4.1.2 Development of the SWPPP ....................................................................... 4-3 4.1.3 NOI Submittal .............................................................................................. 4-8 4.1.4 Implementation of the SWPPP.................................................................... 4-9 4.1.5 Termination of Permit Coverage ............................................................... 4-11 4.2 SELECTION OF BMPS FOR THE SWPPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 4.2.1 Identify Construction Activities .................................................................. 4-12 4.2.2 Identify Activity Location/Category ............................................................ 4-13 4.2.3 Select Appropriate BMP Combination....................................................... 4-13 4.2.4 Incorporate BMPs into SWPPP................................................................. 4-14 This chapter presents information regarding compliance with the permit requirements for stormwater discharges from large and small construction sites (as defined in Chapter 2 of this manual), including completion and submittal of the Notice of Intent (NOI) to discharge, preparation and implementation of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for construction activities, and completion and submittal of the Notice of Termination (NOT) for termination of permit coverage after achieving the site’s final stabilization. The information that is presented in the following chapter is intended as general guidance only. Construction site operators should obtain and refer to the latest AZPDES CGP (or the latest NPDES CGP if the construction site is on Indian land) for specific permit requirements. 4.1 THE CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT As described in Chapter 2, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) has the delegated authority to administer, revise, and enforce the Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (AZPDES) Construction General Permit (CGP, Permit No. AZG2008-001), issued on February 28, 2009. ADEQ does not have permit authority for Indian Country in the State. Construction discharge permits for Indian country within the state must be acquired through EPA Region IX, or the Indian Community itself if it has obtained National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit authority from EPA. Region IX relies on the national NPDES Gen- August 2009 4-1 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage eral Permit for Discharges from Large and Small Construction Activities that was issued by EPA on January 8, 2009. Copies of both of these CGPs are presented in Appendix A. The size of the construction site is the main factor in determining who must apply for a permit. Formerly, only construction sites disturbing more than 5 acres were required to have permits. With the implementation of NPDES Phase II rule, smaller sites disturbing from 1 to 5 acres or part of a larger development with total disturbances of 1 to 5 acres, are now required to obtain stormwater discharge permits as well. The CGP authorizes stormwater discharges from construction activities that include clearing, grading, or excavation provided a permit compliant, site-specific SWPPP is developed and implemented and a complete and accurate NOI is submitted. The CGP has certain limitations of coverage for allowing stormwater discharges and does not automatically authorize: 1. Post construction discharges. These may need to be covered by a separate AZPDES or NPDES permit. 2. Discharges that are mixed with sources of non-stormwater that are not explicitly allowed by the AZPDES or NPDES CGP. 3. Discharges that are covered under an individual permit or have been required to obtain coverage under an alternative general permit. 4. Discharges that may cause or contribute to the exceedance of a water quality standard. 5. Discharging into impaired or unique receiving waters. Refer to Appendix B for a list and map of impaired and unique waters within Arizona. 6. Discharges that have the potential to jeopardize the continued existence of endangered or threatened species or their habitat. 4.1.1 Permit Waivers Permit waivers may be obtained for “small” construction sites under certain conditions (“large” sites are not eligible for any waivers). A permit waiver for the AZPDES CGP must be applied for via Smart NOI and explicitly approved by ADEQ prior to commencing construction activities. For the NPDES CGP, the permit waiver must be submitted and approved by the EPA prior to commencement of construction activities. A project may be eligible for a construction stormwater discharge permit waiver when the construction operator can certify that the rainfall erosivity factor (R) for the project/site, as it is described and calculated in the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE), is less than 5 throughout the duration of the construction. The equation is described in detail in the Agriculture Handbook No. 703, published by USDA in 1997. The calculation of R is based on geographical location, the start date and duration of project. 4-2 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage The rainfall erosivity factor can be determined using ADEQ’s web-based SMART NOI program or, for manual calculation, as specified in the Erosivity Fact Sheet (EPA Document No. 833-F-00014). The waiver application must be submitted through the Smart NOI system. The second condition, only applicable with the NPDES CGP, that could result in a construction stormwater discharge waiver is only available for non-impaired waters (refer to Appendix B for a list and map of impaired waters in Arizona). The operator can develop an equivalent analysis that determines allocations for his/her small construction site for the pollutant(s) of concern or determines that such allocations are not needed to protect water quality. Refer to the NPDES CGP (Appendix A) for more details of the equivalent analysis procedures. 4.1.2 Development of the SWPPP The SWPPP serves as the stormwater management plan for all construction site activities that may cause water quality problems. The construction operator must keep a copy of the SWPPP at the construction site from the date that construction activities begin to the date of NOT submittal. There are two main categories of information required in a construction SWPPP: (1) descriptions of the site and construction activities, and (2) information pertaining to the proposed controls, or best management practices (BMPs), to reduce stormwater pollution. The main contents of the SWPPP are illustrated in Figure 4.1 below. The site and activity description requirements of a construction SWPPP include: 1. Identification of Operators. The SWPPP must identify all operators for the project site, and the areas over which each operator has control. The operator must meet one of the following two criteria: a. The person has operational control over construction plans and specifications, including the ability to make modifications to those plans and specifications; or August 2009 4-3 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage FIGURE 4.1 MAIN CONTENTS OF A SWPPP 4-4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage b. The person has day-to-day operational control of those activities at a project that are necessary to ensure compliance with a SWPPP for the site or other permit conditions (e.g., they are authorized to direct workers at a site to carry out activities required by the SWPPP or comply with other permit conditions). 2. Site Description. The SWPPP must describe the nature of the construction activity, including: a. A description of the project and its intended use after the NOT is filed (e.g. low density residential, shopping mall, highway, etc.). b. A description of the intended sequence of activities that disturb soils at the site (e.g., grubbing, excavation, grading, utilities, and infrastructure installation). c. The total area of the site, and an estimate of the total area of the site expected to be disturbed by excavation, grading, or other activities including offsite borrow and fill areas. d. An estimate of the impervious area of the site for both the pre-construction and postconstruction conditions and data describing the soil and any existent data on the quality of any discharge from the site. (This is not required by the NPDES CGP). e. A general location map (e.g., U.S.G.S. quadrangle map, a portion of a city or county map, or other map) with enough detail to identify the location of the construction site and the receiving waters within one mile of the site. f. 3. A description of the site’s soils including the potential for erosion. Site Map. The SWPPP must contain a legible site map completed to-scale, showing the entire construction area and clearly identifying: a. Directions of stormwater flow (e.g., use arrows to show which ways stormwater will flow) and approximate slopes anticipated after major grading activities. b. Areas of soil disturbance and areas that will not be disturbed. c. Locations of temporary and permanent controls identified in the SWPPP. d. Locations where stabilization practices are expected to occur. e. Locations of onsite material, waste, borrow areas, or equipment storage areas. f. Locations of all surface water bodies (including wetlands). August 2009 4-5 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage g. Locations where stormwater discharges to a surface water (including ephemeral waters or dry washes) and to MS4s. h. Locations and registration numbers of onsite drywells and drywells on adjacent properties that have the potential to receive stormwater from the site. (This is not required by the NPDES CGP). i. Areas where final stabilization has been accomplished and no further construction phase permit requirements apply. j. Location of trees and environmentally sensitive areas and buffer zones to be preserved. 4. Receiving Waters. The SWPPP must identify the nearest receiving water(s), including ephemeral and intermittent streams, dry sloughs, arroyos. If applicable, the SWPPP must also identify the areal extent and describe any wetlands near the site that could be disturbed or that could potentially receive discharges from disturbed areas of the project. (This is not required by the NPDES CGP). 5. Summary of Potential Pollutant Sources. The SWPPP must identify the location and describe any stormwater or non-stormwater discharges at the site associated with activity other than construction and other pollutant sources such as fueling operations, materials stored onsite, waste piles, etc. This also includes discharges from dedicated asphalt plants and dedicated concrete plants that are covered by this permit. 6. Offsite Material Storage. The SWPPP must identify and address offsite material storage areas or borrow areas used solely by the operator’s project. (This is not required by the NPDES CGP). 7. Endangered Species. The NPDES CGP requires that the SWPPP include documentation supporting a determination of permit eligibility with regard to the Endangered Species (refer to the NPDES CGP for details). (This is not required by the AZPDES CGP). In addition to the site and activity descriptions that are required, the SWPPP must also describe the BMPs that will be implemented as part of the construction project to control erosion and pollutants in stormwater discharges. An extensive list of BMPs, including information to assist with the proper selection and implementation of these BMPS, is presented in Chapter 5 in this manual. For each major activity identified in the project description, the SWPPP must clearly describe: 1. 4-6 Stormwater pollution and erosion control measures (refer to Section 4.2 for BMP selection guidance), a schedule for implementing the BMPs, and the responsible operator(s) for the implementation of the BMPs. August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage 2. General housekeeping procedures to prevent litter and construction materials from becoming exposed to stormwater runoff. 3. Stabilization practices including: a. A schedule of when the practices will be implemented b. A deadline for stabilization measures, usually within 14 days in portions of the site where construction activities have temporarily or permanently ceased. Refer to the AZPDES CGP for more details of deadlines. (This is not required by the NPDES CGP). c. Records of stabilization including dates when major grading activities occur, dates when construction activities temporarily or permanently cease on a portion of the site, and dates when stabilization measures are initiated and completed. 4. Structural practices to divert flows from exposed soils, store flows, or limit runoff to exposed areas. 5. Post-construction management measures that will be installed during the construction process to control pollutants in stormwater discharges after construction operations have been completed. 6. Measures to eliminate or reduce non-stormwater discharges, as listed in the AZPDES and the NPDES CGPs, to the maximum extent possible. 7. Other controls. The SWPPP should also describe: a. Measures to prevent the discharge of solid materials to waters of the United States, except those authorized under section 404 of the Clean Water Act. b. Measures to minimize offsite sediment tracking and dust generation. c. Construction and waste materials expected to be stored onsite with updates as appropriate. d. Pollutant sources from areas other than construction such as dedicated asphalt and concrete plants and a description of the controls for those other non-construction sources. e. Measures to sufficiently stabilize soil around culverts to prevent rill and gully formation during construction (This is not required by the NPDES CGP). August 2009 4-7 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage 4.1.3 NOI Submittal A SWPPP must be prepared for the site before submitting an NOI. To obtain coverage under the CGPs, the construction operator must prepare and submit a complete and accurate NOI. Discharges are not authorized if the NOI is incomplete or inaccurate, or not eligible to obtain a permit to begin with. The submission of the NOI demonstrates the operator’s intent to be covered by the general permit. Regarding the AZPDES CGP, the operator for a construction project must submit a complete and accurate NOI to ADEQ at least 7 calendar days before the intended construction start date. If the regulated construction site is located within 1/4 mile of receiving waters and/or tributaries listed as “impaired” or “unique,” the construction operator must submit both the NOI and SWPPP together to ADEQ at the time of application. ADEQ must review the permit materials and notify the operator within 32 business days. In relation to the AZPDES CGP, submit the NOI (and SWPPP, if necessary) to: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Water Permits Section/Stormwater NOI (5415B-3) 1110 W. Washington Street Phoenix, Arizona 85007 or fax the form to (602) 771-4674. ADEQ now offers the SMART NOI Program, which is a webbased service (go to http://az.gov/webapp/noi/main.do) to assist construction operators applying online for stormwater discharge permits. The site can also be used to apply for a permit waiver and coverage termination. Completion of the NOI online starts the coverage review by ADEQ. A hardcopy of the Smart NOI final submittal printout needs to signed by an authorized agent and mailed to ADEQ within 10 days. Note that, regardless of the method of submittal, submission of the NOI does not mean that the operator has met all the eligibility requirements for the general permit. In relation to the NPDES CGP, submit a Notice of Intent (NOI) to: For Regular U.S. Mail Delivery: EPA Stormwater Notice Processing Center Mail Code 4203M U.S. EPA 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 4-8 For Overnight/Express Mail Delivery: EPA Stormwater Notice Processing Center Room 7420 U.S. EPA 1201 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage The construction operator is authorized to discharge stormwater from construction activities within seven (7) calendar days after receipt by EPA of a complete and accurate NOI. Acknowledgement of receipt of the complete and accurate NOI is typically posted on EPA’s NPDES website http://www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp. In lieu of hardcopy submittal of the NOI to EPA, a federal CGP NOI can be submitted using EPA’s electronic NOI system (i.e., eNOI), which can also be found on the website lised above. Both the AZPDES and NPDES CGP NOIs, as well as other forms, can be found in Appendix B of this document. If the facility has the potential to discharge to a municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4), the applicant must also forward a copy of the completed NOI to the owner/operator of the MS4 system at the time it is submitted to the permitting authority. Whenever the operator changes or another is added during the construction project, the new operator must also submit an NOI to be authorized under this permit. 4.1.4 Implementation of the SWPPP Maintenance of BMPs. All erosion and sediment control measures (BMPs) and other protective measures identified in the SWPPP must be maintained in effective operating condition. If site inspections identify BMPs that are not operating effectively, maintenance must be performed as soon as practicable and before the next anticipated storm event. If existing BMPs need to be modified or additional BMPS are necessary, implementation must be completed before the next anticipated storm event. If implementation before the next storm event is impracticable, alternative BMPs should be implemented as soon as practicable. Inspections. The SWPPP must contain an inspection schedule for the site’s BMPs. The operator can choose between two options: • At least once every 7 calendar days • At least once every 14 calendar days and also within 24 hours of the end of each storm event of 0.5 inches or greater. Qualified personnel knowledgeable in the principles and practice of erosion and sediment controls must do the inspections. An inspection report documenting the condition of BMPs must be completed during each inspection and include the following: 1. Inspection date. 2. Names, titles, and qualifications of personnel making the inspection. 3. Weather information for the period since the last inspection (or since commencement of construction activity if the first inspection). 4. For inspections occuring during or after a rain event, weather information and description of any discharges occurring at the time of the inspection. August 2009 4-9 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage 5. Location(s) of discharges of sediment or other pollutants from the site 6. Location(s) of BMPs that need to be maintained, failed to operate as designed, or proved inadequate. 7. Location(s) where additional BMPs are needed that did not exist at the time of inspection. 8. Corrective action required including any changes to the SWPPP necessary and implementation dates. 9. Identification of all sources of non-stormwater and the associated pollution prevention control measures (This is not required by the NPDES CGP). 10. Identification of material storage areas and, evidence of or potential for, pollutant discharge from such areas (This is not required by the NPDES CGP). 11. Identification of any non-compliance with permit conditions, or where the inspector does not identify incidents of non-compliance, include a certification that the project is being operated in compliance with the SWPPP and permit. 12. A certification statement and signature in accordance with the CGP. The NPDES CGP requires that inspections of any long, narrow, linear construction activities (i.e. utility and pipeline construction) may be inspected at 0.25 miles up and below each access point, instead of driving along the entire length of the narrow construction area, which may result in further soil disturbances. These two ends of the construction area are deemed as representative points of inspection for the entire reach of the narrow, linear construction area. The operator may reduce the inspection frequency under the following conditions: • The site has been temporarily stabilized. (NPDES and AZPDES CGPs) • Runoff is unlikely due to winter conditions (e.g., site is covered with snow, ice, or frozen ground exists). (NPDES CGPs only) • Construction is in an area of the state that receives < 20 inches of average annual rainfall and construction is occurring during the seasonal dry period. (NPDES and AZPDES CGPs) The NPDES CGP further authorizes a waiver of the inspection requirements until one month before thawing conditions are anticipated. This assumes that the project is located in an area where frozen conditions are anticipated for extended periods of time, the land disturbance activities are suspended, and the beginning and ending dates of the waiver period are documented in the SWPPP. Amendments. The SWPPP must be amended and properly logged in the SWPPP whenever there is a change in site operations that may affect pollutant discharges or inspections reveal 4-10 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage problems with the existing SWPPP. The AZPDES CGP requires that the amendments to the SWPPP be made within 15 business days that the change is realized to be necessary (i.e the date of inspection), whereas the NPDES CGP requires that revisions to the SWPPP resulting from an inspection must be made within seven calendar days following the inspection. Accessibility. The operator must have a copy of the permit and a signed copy of the SWPPP at the construction site from the commencement of construction activities to the date of NOT submittal. The SWPPP must be accessible to all operators and those identified as having responsibilities under the SWPPP whenever they are on the construction site. Moreover, the operator must post permit authorization near the main entrance of the construction site (or some other nearby public building). The NPDES CGP requires the following information to be displayed: 1. A copy of the completed NOI as submitted to the EPA Storm Water Notice Processing Center. 2. If the location of the SWPPP or the name and telephone number of the contact person for scheduling SWPPP viewing times has changed (i.e. different than that submitted to EPA in the NOI), the current location of the SWPPP and name and telephone number of a contact person for scheduling viewing times. Record-keeping. The operator must retain copies of the SWPPP and all documentation required by this permit, including a copy of the confirmation from ADEQ or EPA, depending on the applicable CGP, that the NOI was received and administratively complete. Also, inspection reports, and records of data used to complete the NOI, must be kept for at least three years from the date of final stabilization of the site. 4.1.5 Termination of Permit Coverage A NOT needs to be submitted to ADEQ or EPA, depending on the applicable CGP, when the construction activities at the site have been completed and within 30 days when any of the following conditions have been met: • Temporary controls are removed and the residence is transferred to the homeowner (this only applies to residential construction) • Permanent controls and stabilization have been completed and are functional • Disturbed area has been returned to 70% of the natural vegetative cover. For example, if the original, natural vegetation covers 50% of the total land area, then the final vegetated stabilization must cover 35% (i.e. 70% of 50%) of the total land area. • Another operator (with permit authorization) has assumed control over the areas of the project that are not finally stabilized. • The planned construction activity identified in the original NOI was never initiated. August 2009 4-11 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County • Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage The operator has obtained coverage for the site area under another AZPDES permit. The same procedures and addresses used for submittal of the NOI are also used for submittal of the NOT. Authorization to discharge terminates at midnight of the day the NOT is signed and submitted to the permitting authority. Copies of the AZPDES and NPDES NOTs are included in Appendix B. If the site is located within the jurisdiction of an MS4, the operator must also forward a copy of the completed NOT to the responsible party at the MS4. Once the NOT is submitted and termination of permit coverage approved by the permitting authority, records can be removed from the construction site but need to be kept for a minimum of three years. 4.2 SELECTION OF BMPS FOR THE SWPPP The SWPPP requires that stormwater BMPs be identified and implemented to address potential pollution problems. A combination of BMP types including erosion control, sediment and pollutant control, dust control, and general housekeeping measures will be necessary in most cases. Chapter 3 contains additional information about the difference between these types. General guidelines on choosing appropriate BMPs from these categories are presented below. 4.2.1 Identify Construction Activities The first step in selecting appropriate BMPs is to identify the construction activities that will take place. Common activities that may be exposed to stormwater include: • Grading • Excavation • Utility installation • Road, curb, sidewalk construction • Materials storage • Materials processing, such as concrete or asphalt mixing • Framing, shingling, exterior painting, etc. • Refueling • Vehicle and equipment maintenance 4-12 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage 4.2.2 Identify Activity Location/Category After identification of these activities, examine where they are likely to occur and how they will affect water quality of runoff from the construction site. Decide which of the following categories are applicable for each of the construction activities. • Slope protection • Material stockpiles • Excavated areas (trenches, pits) • Perimeter and access controls • Inlet drain protection • Channels and medians • Equipment storage and maintenance • Debris management and washout • Landscaping and vegetation For example, a concrete plant may be constructed at the edge of the construction site and raw material stockpiled at that location for later processing. Here the main concerns would be material storage and materials processing. Applicable categories would include the exposure of sand, gravel, and other material (material stockpiles), preventing materials from moving offsite (perimeter and access controls), cleaning up after activities at the concrete plant (debris management and washout). If there is a catch basin in the street close to the plant, inlet drain protection may apply. 4.2.3 Select Appropriate BMP Combination After identification of appropriate categories turn toTable 5.1 in the next chapter. This is the BMP selection matrix. The above categories are listed in the columns at the top of the matrix. Potential BMPs are listed along the left side of the matrix. An X in the column indicates that the BMP listed in that row may be applicable to that situation. Based on the concrete plant example, EC-7 Dust Control may be applicable to the site because of the material stockpiles. A large number of potential BMPs are indicated in the perimeter and access controls column. Many of these do not appear to be as relevant as dust control. Fact sheets on each BMP are included in Chapter 5 after the matrix. Details on those sheets will help determine the appropriate application of each of the BMPs listed in the matrix. August 2009 4-13 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Obtaining and Terminating Permit Coverage The BMPs listed along the left side of the matrix are organized into three groups. The first group is Erosion Control, the second is Sediment and Pollutant Control, and the third is General Housekeeping. The Erosion Control measures are the first line of defense against pollution in stormwater runoff. They help prevent erosion from beginning and are generally less expensive and more effective than treating sediment in runoff. Unfortunately, it is usually impossible to completely stop erosion using just Erosion Control measures. Some BMPs from the second category, Sediment and Pollutant Control, will be needed to treat runoff before it is discharged. Many of the Sediment and Pollutant Control BMPs can be used to treat runoff from multiple erosion sources. A silt fence installed around the perimeter of a site will help treat sediment whether it is from excavation, grading, or road construction activities. The General Housekeeping category is less structurally-oriented than the first two categories. It affects the way many routine operations and maintenance activities are conducted. 4.2.4 Incorporate BMPs into SWPPP The completed SWPPP should contain a combination of BMPs from all three categories, selected to fit conditions at the site, and designed to address the potential pollutant sources that have been identified. The BMP fact sheets contain information on operation and maintenance, which must be accounted for in the SWPPP and periodic inspections. The BMP combination should not be rigidly fixed. As conditions change, some BMPs may no longer be needed, while others become critical. One example is when major grading activities are completed and the emphasis shifts towards framing in buildings. Thus, the successful SWPPP is flexible, emphasizing the most cost-effective BMP combination to address site concerns during each phase of construction. 4-14 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 65 6 Erosion Control: Best Management Practices BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 5.1 SELECTION MATRIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 5.2 STEP 1: CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5.3 STEP 2: EROSION CONTROL BMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5.3.1 Structural Controls ...................................................................................... 5-5 5.3.2 Vegetative Controls ..................................................................................... 5-5 5.3.3 Runoff Velocity Reduction ........................................................................... 5-6 5.4 STEP 3: SEDIMENT AND POLLUTANT CONTROL BMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 5.5 STEP 4: GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING BMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 5.6 STEP 5: REVIEW AND DESIGN THE PROPOSED BMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 EC EROSION CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 EC-1 Erosion Control Mats................................................................................. 5-11 EC-2 Mulching .................................................................................................... 5-19 EC-3 Protection of Trees and Vegetation in Construction Areas ....................... 5-25 EC-4 Pipe Slope Drains ..................................................................................... 5-31 EC-5 Stabilized Construction Entrance .............................................................. 5-39 EC-6 Construction Road Stabilization ................................................................ 5-45 EC-7 Dust Control .............................................................................................. 5-51 EC-8 Temporary Access Waterway Crossing .................................................... 5-59 EC-9 Diversion Dikes ......................................................................................... 5-67 EC-10 Drainage Swales ....................................................................................... 5-73 EC-11 Outlet Protection, Velocity Dissipation Devices......................................... 5-81 EC-12 Surface Roughening ................................................................................. 5-87 SPC SEDIMENT AND POLLUTANT CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-93 SPC-1 Organic Filter Barrier ................................................................................. 5-95 SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier..................................................................................... 5-103 SPC-3 Gravel Filter Berms ................................................................................. 5-109 SPC-4 Check Dams............................................................................................ 5-115 SPC-5 Silt Fence ................................................................................................ 5-121 SPC-6 Revegetation ........................................................................................... 5-129 SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection .................................................................... 5-135 SPC-8 Temporary Sediment Basins ................................................................... 5-143 SPC-9 Temporary Sediment Traps..................................................................... 5-151 SPC-10 Sediment Dewatering Operations ........................................................... 5-159 GH GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-165 GH-1 Chemical Management ........................................................................... 5-167 GH-2 Solid Waste Management ....................................................................... 5-173 GH-3 Equipment Maintenance Procedures ...................................................... 5-179 GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas ................................................................. 5-183 GH-5 Spill Containment Plan ............................................................................ 5-189 GH-6 Road Sweeping/Trackout Cleaning......................................................... 5-195 August 2009 5-1 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Chapter 5 is intended only as a technical guidance for the selection and implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs). Any Flood Control District policies or standards are specifically outlined in the Flood Control District of Maricopa County’s Policies and Standards manual. It is recommended that a registered Professional Engineer (P.E.), Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC), or a Certified Professional in Stormwater Quality (CPSWQ) design or review the specification and sizing criteria of any of the BMPs. Such a registered or certified professional should also review the site plans, and ultimately the SWPPP containing the BMPs. Also, it is recommended that the SWPPP designer conduct a site visit prior to beginning the BMP selection process. BMPs are defined as nonstructural and structural practices which, when properly implemented, operated, and maintained, provide the most efficient and practical means of reducing or preventing stormwater pollution. The BMPs presented in this manual provide effective methods to control stormwater pollution but are by no means all-inclusive. New and creative methods of controlling pollution are continuously generated by owners and contractors. However, it is recommended that the contractor monitor and prove the effectiveness of a new BMP before including it in a SWPPP. 5.1 SELECTION MATRIX Selection of the most appropriate combination of BMPs for a specific construction site should be based upon a careful review of the areas of the site that affect its potential for erosion and stormwater runoff contamination. These potential problem areas are: 1. Slope protection 2. Soil mounds and material stockpiles 3. Excavated Areas (trenches, pits, etc.) 4. Perimeter and access controls 5. Inlet drain protection 6. Channels or medians 7. Equipment storage and maintenance 8. Debris management, cleanup, and washout 9. Landscaping and vegetation For each of the nine potential problem areas, there is often more than one BMP available to effectively reduce the volume and velocity of stormwater runoff, the amount of the site exposed to erosion, and the potential for stormwater runoff pollution. As shown in the Selection Matrix below (Figure 5.1), BMPs are organized into three main groups: Erosion Control (EC), Sediment and 5-2 August 2009 August 2009 Erosion Control (EC) Sediment and Pollutant Control (SPC) General Housekeeping (GH) Solutions 5-3 GH-6 Road Sweeping/ Trackout Cleaning GH-5 Spill Containment Plan GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas GH-3 Equipment Maintenance Procedures x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Equipment Storage and Maintenance GH-2 Solid Waste Management x x x x x x x x x x x Debris Management and Washout GH-1 Chemical Management SPC-10 Sediment Dewatering Operations SPC-9 Temporary Sediment Traps SPC-8 Temporary Sediment Basins SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-6 Revegetation SPC-5 Silt Fence SPC-4 Check Dams SPC-3 Gravel Filter Berms SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Inlet Drain Protection SPC-1 Organic Filter Barrier EC-12 Surface Roughening EC-11 Outlet Protection, Velocity Dissipation Devices EC-10 Drainage Swales x x x Excavated Areas (trenches, pits, etc.) EC-9 Diversion Dikes EC-8 Temporary Access Waterway Crossing EC-7 Dust Control x Slope Protection EC-6 Construction Road Stabilization x Perimeter and Access Controls EC-5 Stabilized Construction Entrance x Channels or Medians EC-4 Pipe Slope Drains Soil Mounds and Material Stockpile x x x x x x x x x Landscaping and Vegetation EC-3 Protection of Trees and Vegetation in Construction Areas EC-2 Mulching EC-1 Erosion Control Mats BMP Potential Problem Areas Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices FIGURE 5.1 BMP SELECTION MATRIX Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Pollutant Control (SPC), and General Housekeeping (GH). The first group (EC) is preventative; controlling erosion at its source. The second (SPC) treats runoff to remove eroded sediment and other associated stormwater pollutants. The third (GH) is less structured in nature and addresses operations and maintenance activities. Each BMP is cross-referenced to the potential problem area for which the individual BMPs applies. Many of the BMPs achieve control in more than one category, which should be taken into account when selecting BMPs for maximum effectiveness. The contractor should select the control practices that are best suited to the site, then select from suggested BMPs based upon consideration of cost, material availability, topography, location, and duration of exposure. Each of the BMP fact sheets has a “Ratings” table, which rates the associated costs and the target pollutants removal efficiency as high (H), moderate (M), or low (L). In selecting BMPs suitable for a site and developing a SWPPP, a five-step selection process may be used. A discussion of this step-by-step approach follows. 5.2 STEP 1: CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULING The first step in selecting BMPs is to compare the project schedule with onsite management measures that can limit the exposure of the project site to erosion. Consider the following strategies: 1. Sequence construction activities so that denuded areas are not exposed for long periods of time. 2. Schedule landscaping and other work that permanently stabilizes the area to be done immediately after the land has been graded to its final contour. 3. Alter the project schedule to minimize the amount of denuded areas during the monsoon summer months of July, August, and September and the wet, winter months of November, December, and January. 4. Construct permanent stormwater control facilities early in the project schedule and then utilize these structures for controlling erosion and sedimentation both during and after the project. Common examples include converting temporary sediment traps and basins to permanent, vegetated retention basins (sedimentation basins) and incorporating revegetation practices with the final landscaping plan. 5.3 STEP 2: EROSION CONTROL BMPS The second step is to examine the site plan to determine appropriate methods for reducing the volume of stormwater which will run across the denuded areas of the project site. Limiting the exposure of graded areas to offsite runoff may involve vegetative and structural controls as well as onsite management options. To effectively determine appropriate volume control measures, the designer should visit the site and review a topographic map of the project site so that existing and proposed drainage patterns can be identified and temporary and permanent stormwater control structures can be located. Identify the following on the site map in the order listed: 5-4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices 1. Locations where stormwater enters and exits the site. Include both sheet and channel flow paths for the existing and final grading contours. 2. Approximate boundaries and estimated surface areas of each drainage area if your site has more than 1 drainage outlet. 3. Sensitive locations subject to high rates of erosion due to soil types, steep slopes, or unlined channels. Slopes over 100 feet in length are considered as areas of moderate to high erosion potential. 4. Categorize slopes as: Slope (%) Erosion Potential 0-5 Low 5-10 Moderate Over 10 High 5. Construction entrances and exits, staging areas, and roads. 6. Areas where existing vegetation will not be disturbed by construction activity, and establish clearing limits. 7. Locations of permanent stormwater collection, drainage, and control structures. With this information, consider the following methods for reducing the rate and volume of runoff affecting your construction site. Specific erosion control BMPs have been listed in the Selection Matrix above. 5.3.1 Structural Controls Structural controls aid in reducing runoff volumes. Examples of structural controls include: 1. Constructing dikes and swales to divert upslope water from entering the unvegetated areas of the construction site. 2. Using temporary dikes, swales, pipe slope drains to divert or intercept stormwater before it reaches long and/or steep slopes. 3. Releasing captured stormwater at a slow and controlled rate to prevent damage to downstream drainage ways and structures. 5.3.2 Vegetative Controls Vegetative controls also aid in reducing runoff volumes. Appropriate techniques include: 1. Preserving vegetative cover and the canopy to protect soil from direct impact of rainfall, where most erosion begins. Root systems hold soil particles and nutrients in place. August 2009 5-5 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices 2. Increasing the soil's ability to absorb moisture through vegetative means, surface roughening, and mulching. 3. Staging the grading schedule so that the native vegetation provides a buffer to slow and disperse runoff. 5.3.3 Runoff Velocity Reduction Erosion control is greatly enhanced when the velocity of runoff is reduced in denuded areas, steep slopes, and drainage channels. Structural and vegetative controls to be considered to aid runoff velocity reduction were listed above in Section 5.3.1 and Section 5.3.2, respectively. Examples of velocity reduction practices include: Slope and overland controls 1. Limiting the length of slopes to 50 feet. Construct mid-slope diversion (swales) or straw wattles on longer slopes to intercept runoff. 2. Roughening slopes to increase the absorption of rainfall and slow runoff. 3. Limiting slopes to 3:1, where practical. 4. Preventing flows from becoming concentrated, wherever possible. Sheet flow is less erosive than concentrated channel flow. 5. Protecting slopes with mulches, matting, or other types of temporary or permanent soil stabilization. Channel controls 6. Installing check dams in unlined drainage channels to slow runoff velocity and encourage settlement of sediments. 7. Providing velocity reducing structures such as riprap at stormwater outfalls. 8. Matching flow velocities to soil channel lining type (as described in the table below). RECOMMENDED TABLE 5.1 VELOCITIES FOR VARIOUS SOIL TYPES (ADOT, 1995) Soil type 5-6 Allowable velocity (feet per second) Fine sand to sandy loam 2.5 Silt loam 3.0 Firm loam and noncolloidal alluvial silt 3.5 Fine gravel, stiff (very colloidal) clay, and colloidal alluvial silts 5.0 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices TABLE 5.1 (CONT.) RECOMMENDED VELOCITIES FOR VARIOUS SOIL TYPES (ADOT, 1995) 9. 5.4 Cobbles 5.5 Coarse gravel and shales 6.0 If flow velocities in a channel are anticipated to be higher than those included in the table above, a vegetated lining should be installed, if not already present. For velocities greater than six feet per second, riprap, gabions, or concrete lining may be required. STEP 3: SEDIMENT AND POLLUTANT CONTROL BMPS Once preventative measures have been implemented to control erosion through reduced soil exposure, runoff volume, and velocity (Section 5.3), the next priority is to treat stormwater to remove sediment and other suspended pollutants from the stormwater as much as possible before the water leaves the project site. Strategies for controlling sediment and pollutants include: 1. Temporary sediment barriers such as: • Silt fences • Organic filter barriers • Sand bag barriers • Gravel filter berms are appropriate for areas on construction sites with relatively flat slopes that produce sheet flow runoff. 2. Directing sediment-laden stormwater to temporary sediment traps and basins via berms or channels. Onsite controls are only designed and sized for site runoff alone. 3. Construct temporary sediment traps or basins at the drainage outlet for the site. When more than one basin is required due to the size of the site, construct these basins to operate in parallel. 4. Protect downstream municipal storm drainage structures from sediment clogging by providing inlet protection for area drains and curb inlets and implement regular street sweeping. August 2009 5-7 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 5.5 Erosion Control: Best Management Practices STEP 4: GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING BMPS In conjunction with controlling erosion and sediment loading, practices must be implemented to prevent contamination of stormwater by materials other than sediment. As seen in the BMP Selection Matrix, there are several methods for preventing non-sediment stormwater pollution by construction materials, equipment, and wastes. Sometimes, the best housekeeping control is to manage potential pollutants offsite. For example, conducting equipment maintenance back at the maintenance shop rather than at the site will eliminate potential spills and contamination. 5.6 STEP 5: REVIEW AND DESIGN THE PROPOSED BMPS After selecting the appropriate BMPs for a particular problem area on the site, the final step of the process is to review the site and site map for locations of all major structural and non-structural controls, and areas of permanent or temporary stabilization. The BMP fact sheets in this section describe the appropriate applications, limitations, planning considerations, recommended standards and specifications, and recommended maintenance and inspection for each management practice. Additionally, keep the following points in mind: • Flow diversions should not adversely impact offsite properties and the historic flow patterns should be maintained. • BMPs should be designed and implemented for the Maricopa County climate, which has the following characteristics: • • An average 24 thunderstorm events per year; between 0.2 – 0.7 inches per event and a cumulative annual rainfall of less than 11 inches. Maximum rainfall within a one-hour span is approximately 1.5 inches. (Western Regional Climate Center, www.wrcc.dri.edu). • Wind velocities range from 5.8 – 7.3 mph (important for dust control). In addition to the applicability and relative effectiveness of a BMP to a particular problem area, BMPs should also be selected based on the costs, including implementation, maintenance, and training. Several erosion and pollutant control practices can be maintained on the developed site after the construction project has been completed as permanent measures. Refer to the Post Construction Methods section of each BMP fact sheet for detailed information. Note that permanent diversion and settling basin structures are subject to the Drainage Regulations, set forth by Maricopa County. 5-8 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices ECErosion Control Erosion control refers to methods for reducing the volume or velocity of stormwater runoff, which will come into contact with exposed areas of the project site. Erosion control methods involve limiting the exposure of graded areas to offsite runoff through modifications of the construction design plan or scheduling, reducing runoff velocities, providing vegetative cover, installing structural controls, and implementing other onsite management options. If a pre-manufactured product is to be implemented on a site for erosion control, the contractor should always follow the manufacturer’s installation and maintenance recommendations as the primary reference for implementation. EC-1 Erosion Control Mats EC-2 Mulching EC-3 Protection of Trees and Vegetation in Construction Areas EC-4 Pipe Slope Drains EC-5 Stabilized Construction Entrance EC-6 Construction Road Stabilization EC-7 Dust Control EC-8 Temporary Access Waterway Crossing EC-9 Diversion Dikes EC-10 Drainage Swales EC-11 Outlet Protection, Velocity Dissipation Devices EC-12 Surface Roughening VENDOR PRODUCTS See Appendix F.1 for Erosion Control BMPs. Disclaimer Any hyperlinks in the vendor products table will direct you out of the Flood Control District of Maricopa County (FCDMC) domain. FCDMC is providing the following vendor information for possible assistance to any interested parties, but does not necessarily endorse any of the information or products provided by the vendors. August 2009 5-9 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-10 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices EC-1Erosion Control Mats DEFINITION Geotextiles, mats, plastic covers, or erosion control blankets designed to stabilize disturbed soil areas and protect soils from erosion by wind or water. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - moderate Material Stockpiles - moderate Associated Costs H Implementation X Most effective when used with: Seeding or other re-vegetation methods described in SPC-6 Revegetation Maintenance X Training X Target Pollutants Removal Alternative BMPs: Consider using chemical stabilization for large areas or steeper slopes: EC-7 Dust Control M H M L L Oil and Grease X Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches EC-1 Erosion Control Mats Photos CAD Drawings Installation of Netting and Matting Orientation of Netting and Matting Purpose August 2009 Erosion Control - 1 Page 1 of 8 5-11 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Erosion control matting is used to reduce rainfall impact, hold soil in place, and absorb and hold moisture near the soil surface. The matting may be used alone or with a mulch during the establishment of protective vegetative cover on critical slopes. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Erosion control matting can be applied to: • Steep slopes, generally steeper than 1:3 (V:H). • Slopes with newly vegetated slopes or where the erosion potential is high. • Slopes and disturbed soils where mulch must be anchored. • Disturbed areas where plants are slow to develop. • Channels with flows exceeding 3 to 7 ft/sec. • Stockpiles. • Slopes adjacent to water bodies. LIMITATIONS Geotextiles, mats, plastic covers, and erosion control covers have maximum flow rate limitations; consult the manufacturer for proper selection. Blankets and mats: • More expensive than other erosion control measures, due to labor and material costs. This usually limits their application to areas inaccessible to hydraulic equipment, or where other measures are not applicable, such as channels. • Generally not suitable for excessively rocky sites, or areas where the final vegetation will be mowed (since staples and netting can catch in mowers). Plastic sheeting: • Easily vandalized, easily torn, photodegradable, and must be disposed of at a landfill. • Plastic results in 100% runoff, which may cause serious erosion problems in the areas receiving the increased flow. • Limit the use of plastic covers to covering stockpiles, or very small graded areas for short periods of time (such as through one imminent storm event), until alternative measures, such as seeding and mulching, may be installed. 5-12 Erosion Control - 1 Page 2 of 8 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Consider using Revegetation in conjunction with Erosion Control Mats for additional erosion control and stabilization. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Jute Mat - should be a uniform plain weave of undyed and unbleached single jute yarn and weigh about 1.2 pounds per linear yard of cloth. The yarn should be loosely twisted, with an average twist of not less than 1.6 turns per inch, and should not vary in thickness by more than half its normal diameter. Straw Mat - should be a machine produced mat consisting of about 70 ± 3% agricultural straw and 30 ± 3% coconut fiber. The blanket should be of consistent thickness with the straw and coconut fiber evenly distributed. The blanket should be covered on the top side with polypropylene netting having an approximate 5/8" x 5/8" mesh containing ultraviolet additives to resist breakdown, and on the bottom, have a polypropylene netting with an approximate ½" x ½" mesh. Excelsior Mat - should be wood excelsior, about 48 inches in width, and about 0.8 pounds per square yard. The excelsior material should be covered with a netting to facilitate handling and to increase strength. Glass Fiber Matting - should be made of bonded textile glass fibers with an average fiber diameter of eight to twelve microns and two to four inch strands of fiber bonded with phenol formaldehyde resin. Mat should be roll type, water permeable, minimum thickness ¼ inch, maximum thickness ½ inch, and have a density greater than three pounds per cubic foot. Other Mulch Nettings - such as paper, plastic, cotton or fiber glass matting should be installed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Staples - used as anchors should be Number 11 gauge wire or heavier, and the length should be six to ten inches, minimum. Installation Site Preparation: After the site has been shaped and graded to the approved design, prepare a friable seed bed, relatively free from clods and rocks more than 1.5 inches in diameter and any foreign material that will prevent contact of the protective mat with the soil surface. Planting: Fertilize and seed in accordance with seeding or other type of planting plan. When using jute matting on a seeded area, apply approximately half the seed before laying the mat and the remainder after laying the mat. The protective matting can be laid over sprigged areas when grass has been planted. Where vines or other ground covers are to be planted, lay the protective matting first and then plant through matting. August 2009 Erosion Control - 1 Page 3 of 8 5-13 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Erosion Stops: Erosion stops are made of glass fiber strips, excelsior matting strips or tight-folded jute and are useful on steep, highly erodible slopes. They prevent water from flowing below the erosion control matting at the matting joints. Erosion stops can be placed in narrow trenches six to twelve inches deep across the channel, left flush with the soil surface, and must extend the entire cross section of designed flow. Straw wattles (see Organic Filter Barrier) are commonly installed as erosion stops Laying and Securing Matting: Before laying the matting, all erosion stops should be installed and the friable seed bed made free of clods, rocks, and roots. Most matting comes with manufacturer's recommendations for installation, which should always be followed. The matting should be unrolled starting at the upper end of the channel, allowing a four-inch overlap of mattings along the center of channel. To secure, bury the top ends of matting in a narrow trench, minimum of six inch depth. Backfill trench and tamp firmly to conform to channel cross section. Secure with a row of staples about four inches down slope from trench with staples twelve inches apart. Where matting crosses erosion stops, reinforce with a double row of staples, six-inch spacing, staggered pattern on either side of erosion stop. Likewise, overlaps joining the length of matting together and the discharge end of the matting liner should be similarly secured with a double row of staples. Mechanical or manual laydown equipment should be capable of handling full rolls of fabric, and laying the fabric smoothly, without wrinkles or folds. The equipment should be in accordance with the fabric manufacturer's recommendations or as approved by the Engineer. The surface upon which the separation fabric will be placed should be compacted and finished according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Final Check: • Make sure matting is uniformly in contact with the soil. • All lap joints are secure. • All staples are flush with the ground. • All disturbed areas seeded. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • 5-14 Inspect blankets and mats periodically after installation. Installation should be inspected after significant rainstorms to check for erosion and undermining. If washout or breakage occurs, re-install the material after repairing the damage to the slope or channel. Erosion Control - 1 Page 4 of 8 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices • Repairs may include re-anchoring loosened nettings and replace lost net and staples as required. • Reapply or replace temporary soil stabilization when protected area becomes exposed or exhibits visible erosion. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. Kamber Engineering Gaithersberg, Maryland, April, 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA. City of Austin, Texas, March, 2004, Environmental Criteria Manual. Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), June 1995, Erosion and Pollution Control Manual, Intermodal Transportation Division. August 2009 Erosion Control - 1 Page 5 of 8 5-15 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Erosion Control Mats Photos Schematic of applying erosion control matting to a slope. Courtesy of CALTRANS Biodegradable erosion control. Courtesy of EPA Applying sod to a slope Courtesy of Douglas County 5-16 Erosion Control - 1 Page 6 of 8 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Erosion Control Mats Drawing August 2009 Erosion Control - 1 Page 7 of 8 5-17 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Erosion Control Mats Drawing 5-18 Erosion Control - 1 Page 8 of 8 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices EC-2Mulching DEFINITION Providing a stabilized surface for seeding and/or prevention of erosion. Mulches include organic materials, straw, wood chips, bark or other wood fibers, decomposed granite, gravels, a variety of netting or mats of organic or non-organic materials, and chemical soil stabilization. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - moderate Associated Costs H Implementation X Most effective when used with: Maintenance EC-1 Erosion Control Mats M X Training Seeding or other re-vegetation methods described in SPC-6 Revegetation Target Pollutants Removal X H Oil and Grease Alternative BMPs: Consider using chemical stabilization for large areas or steeper slopes: EC-7 Dust Control M L X Nutrients Sediment L X X Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches EC-2 Mulching Photos CAD Drawings None August 2009 Erosion Control - 2 Page 1 of 6 5-19 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE The purposes of using mulch are: (1) prevent erosion by protecting the soil surface from raindrop impact and reducing the velocity of overland flow and (2) to foster the growth of vegetation by increasing available moisture and providing insulation against extreme heat and cold. Mulches can increase the infiltration rate of the soil, reduce soil moisture loss by evaporation, prevent crusting and sealing of the soil surface, modify soil temperatures, and provide a suitable microclimate for seed germination. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS • Mulching is appropriate for temporary or permanent methods of erosion control. Organic mulches, straw and wood fiber are appropriate in landscaped or revegetated areas as temporary controls. Permanent controls that are appropriate for arid regions include gravels and decomposed granite. • Apply mulching to the following: • Areas that have been permanently seeded, • Areas that can not be seeded right away due to the season or other environmental restrictions but still need to be reinforced, • Seeded or planted areas where slopes are steeper than 2:1 • Areas where seedlings require protection from extreme temperatures or moisture loss. LIMITATIONS The following limitations of mulching should be considered: • Mulching may delay seed germination because the cover changes soil surface temperatures. • Mulches are susceptible to erosion and may be washed away in large storm events. • Maintenance is necessary to ensure that mulches provide effective erosion control. • Chemical soil stabilizers are less effective than mulches when used alone. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Mulches are applied to the soil surface to conserve a desirable soil property or to promote plant growth. A surface mulch is one of the most effective means of controlling runoff on disturbed land. There are several forms and methods of mulching. The choice of materials for mulching 5-20 Erosion Control - 2 Page 2 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices will be based on the type of soil to be protected, site conditions, landscape requirements, and economics. Additionally, consider that: • Organic mulch materials, such as straw, wood chips, bark, and wood fiber, have been found to be the most effective where re-vegetation will be provided by reseeding. • Chemical soil stabilizers can enhance the mulching effectiveness by binding organic mulches together or to stabilize flat areas such as roadways. • A variety of nets and mats developed for erosion control may also be used as mulches, particularly in critical areas such as waterways. They may be used to hold other mulches to the soil surface (see Erosion Control Mats). • Seeding or other re-vegetation methods should be used in conjuction with mulching as described in Revegetation. Decomposed granite, gravels and bark are also effective as ground cover in landscaped areas. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Design Criteria Mulching consists of furnishing all materials, preparing the soil surface, and applying the mulch to all soil surface areas designated on the project plans or established by the Engineer. Materials Compliance with the requirements of Subsection 106.05 of the ADOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction is recommended. Wood fiber mulch - Should consist of a specially prepared wood fiber processed to contain no growth or germination inhibiting factors. The mulch should be from virgin wood and be manufactured and processed so the fibers will remain in uniform suspension in water under agitation to form a homogenous slurry. Straw mulch - Should conform to the requirements of Subsection 805 - 2.03 of ADOT's Standard Specifications and should be from the current season's crop. A letter of certification from the supplier should be required to show that the straw was baled less than 12 months from the delivery date. Emulsified asphalt - Emulsified asphalt should be type SS-1 or CSS-1 and should conform to the requirements of Subsection 1005-3.04 of the ADOT Standard Specifications. Binder - Binder should be free flowing, noncorrosive powder produced from natural plant gum marketed under M-Binder, M145 Binder, AZ-TAC or approved equal. August 2009 Erosion Control - 2 Page 3 of 6 5-21 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Preparation/Method and Equipment The equipment and methods used to distribute mulching materials should provide an even and uniform application of mulch and/or other materials at the specified rate. The mulch can be spread by hand or by mulch-blowing equipment. Applying mulch - Mulch should be immediately affixed by either crimping or tacking as described below; the Engineer should determine which areas are not conducive to anchoring by crimping and direct the contractor to instead anchor the mulch by tacking. Within 24 hours after each area is planted, straw mulch should be uniformly applied at about 2.5 tons per acre for crimped areas and 1.75 tons per acre for tacked areas. See photos of this process Crimping - Mulch should be anchored into the soil using a tractor disc, spaced no more than nine inches apart. Mulch should be anchored to a depth of at least two inches and should not cover an excessive amount of soil. Crimp the mulch across the slopes, where practical, with one or two passes. Immediately following the crimping operation, tack the mulched area. Tacking - Mulch can also be anchored by uniformly applying either emulsified asphalt approximately 500 gallons per acre or a slurry consisting of about 150 pounds of binder, 400 pounds of wood fiber mulch, and 700 gallons of water per acre. The specific content of pre-manufactured tacking product may vary, so be sure to follow manufacturer instructions before each application. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION Maintenance requirements will vary greatly based upon the type of mulch used and the type of vegetation to be established. Mulches are not usually intended to be permanent; but are extended only as a base for re-seeding or re-vegetation. Where a permanent anchor for vegetation is required, such as along steep slopes or areas of higher velocity flows, a geotextile mat or net is recommended instead. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff 5-22 Erosion Control - 2 Page 4 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. North Carolina State University, (NCSU) North Carolina Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Measures http://h2osparc.wq.ncsu.edu/info/bmps.html Center for Watershed Protection, Inc., Stormwater Manager’s Resource Center (SMRC). http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1992, Virginia Erosion and Sedimentation Control Handbook, Thrid Edition. Smolen, M.D., September 1988, North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual, North Carolina Sediment Control Commission, et al. August 2009 Erosion Control - 2 Page 5 of 6 5-23 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Mulching Photos Mulching protects exposed areas and seeding for revegetation. Straw mulching along the shoulder of a highway. Mechanical chipper application of mulching Courtesy of NCDOT 5-24 Erosion Control - 2 Page 6 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices EC-3Protection of Trees and Vegetation in Construction Areas DEFINITION Preservation of existing vegetation is the identification and protection of desirable vegetation in order to provide erosion and sediment control and protect desirable trees from mechanical damage while the land is being developed. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Perimeter and Access Controls - moderate Landscaping and Vegetation - high Channels and Medians - high Associated Costs Most effective when used with: None M Implementation Maintenance Target Pollutants Removal X X H Oil and Grease M L X Nutrients Sediment L X Training SPC-6 Revegetation to enhance the existing vegetation. Alternative BMPs: H X X Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches EC-3 Protection of Trees and Vegetation in Construction Areas Photos CAD Drawings Tree Well August 2009 Erosion Control - 3 Page 1 of 6 5-25 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Preserving natural vegetation protects desirable trees, vines, bushes, and grasses from damage during project development. Vegetation provides erosion control, stormwater detention, biofiltration, and aesthetic values to a site during and after construction activities. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Preservation of natural vegetation is applicable to all construction sites where vegetation exists in the predevelopment condition. Areas where preserving vegetation can be particularly beneficial are floodplains, wetlands, stream banks, steep slopes, and other areas where erosion controls would be difficult to establish, install, or maintain. Only land needed for building activities and vehicle traffic needs to be cleared. LIMITATIONS Preservation of vegetation is limited by the extent of existing vegetation in preconstruction conditions. It requires planning to preserve and maintain the existing vegetation. It is also limited by the size of the site relative to the size of structures to be built. High land prices might prohibit preservation of natural areas. Additionally, equipment must have enough room to maneuver; in some cases preserved vegetation might block equipment traffic and may constrict the area available for construction activities. Finally, improper grading of a site might result in changes in environmental conditions that result in vegetation dieoff. Consideration should be given to the hydrology of natural or preserved areas when planning the site. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS There are various methods for protecting existing trees on a site: • Stake off root system limits (drip line of tree). • Fence off tree along the drip line. • Flag or mark trees to remain in place. • Tree wells and retaining walls (permanent) To enhance the existing vegetation in construction areas is most effective when installed with Revegetation. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Protect existing trees with tree wells as shown in the CAD drawing. 5-26 Erosion Control - 3 Page 2 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Rock Mulch Rock mulch should be in accordance with the applicable requirements of Subsections 803-3.03 of the ADOT Standard Specifications and should meet the following gradation: Sieve Size (inch) Percent Passing (%) 3 75-100 2 25-75 1.5 0-25 Wall Construction Rocks The rock should be clean, durable, free from segregations, seams, cracks and other structural defects or imperfections as approved by the Engineer, and should meet the following gradation: Sieve Size (inch) Percent Passing (%) 12 75-100 8 25-75 6 0-25 Mortar should consist of one part portland cement and two parts fine aggregate by volume. Portland cement and water should conform to the applicable requirements of Section 1006 of ADOT specifications. Hydrated lime should conform to the requirements of ASTM C-207, Type N, to the extent of 10% by volume of cement, may be added to the mortar. Hydrated lime should be treated as an additive and not a replacement for cement. Construction of tree wells should be in accordance with the applicable requirements of Sections 201, 202, 203, and 803 of the ADOT Standard Specifications and/or as directed by the Engineer. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • During construction, the limits of disturbance should be clearly marked at all times. Irrigation or maintenance of existing vegetation should conform to the requirements in the landscaping plan. • Damaged vegetation should be repaired or replaced immediately. • Newly planted vegetation should be planned to enhance the existing vegetation. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS Both newly planted and protected trees and vegetation can be incorporated as part of the final landscaping around the perimeter of a developed site, referred to as buffer zones. For environ- August 2009 Erosion Control - 3 Page 3 of 6 5-27 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices mentally sensitive areas including streams, natural washes, the recommended minimum width for buffer zones is 100 feet and should include vegetated ground cover and depressions to sufficiently contain stormwater runoff from leaving the development. Studies have shown that buffer zones are often seen as amenities. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1992, Virginia Erosion and Sedimentation Control Handbook, Thrid Edition. Smolen, M.D., September 1988, North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual, North Carolina Sediment Control Commission, et al. 5-28 Erosion Control - 3 Page 4 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Protection of Trees and Vegetation in Construction Areas Photos Schematic of vegetation protection. Courtesy of CALTRANS Flagging and wooden stakes help to protect existing trees and groundcover. August 2009 Erosion Control - 3 Page 5 of 6 5-29 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Protection of Trees and Vegetation in Construction Areas Drawing 5-30 Erosion Control - 3 Page 6 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices EC-4Pipe Slope Drains DEFINITION A temporary rigid or flexible pipe that conveys runoff down unstabilized slopes. The drain is anchored on the upstream end with some form of headwall to limit erosion, secure the pipe, and direct water into the pipe inlets. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Associated Costs H Implementation X Maintenance X Slope Protection - high Most effective when used with: EC-1 Erosion Control Mats M Training EC-2 Mulching Target Pollutants Removal EC-9 Diversion Dikes Alternative BMPs: For smaller slopes that are not as steep, consider: EC-12 Surface Roughening L X H M L Oil and Grease X Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches Pipe Slope Drains Photos CAD Drawings Pipe Slope Drains Drawing (rigid) Pipe Slope Drains Drawing (flexible) August 2009 Erosion Control - 4 Page 1 of 7 5-31 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Pipe slope drains convey concentrated flows of surface runoff and protect preliminary and final graded slopes. Pipe slope drains are used during the establishment of temporary and permanent ground covers on sites with long, unstabilized, steep slope areas that are subject to erosion from overland flow. They minimize erosion down a slope because all flow is confined to an enclosed pipe. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Pipe slope drains are applicable to sites with large berms or grade changes, such as road embankments. They are typically used in conjunction with top of slope diversion dikes or swales and may also be used as an emergency spillway for a sediment basin. LIMITATIONS • The area drained by a temporary slope drain should not exceed 5 acres. • Physical obstructions substantially reduce the effectiveness of the drain. • Pipe slope drains can also fail due to overtopping if the pipe inlet capacity is exceeded and/ or the diversion channel capacity and ridge height is reduced. • Drains must be located away from construction areas since the drain can easily be damaged by construction traffic. • Securing the pipe to the slope can be difficult and require significant maintenance during the life of the system. • If a pipe slope drain conveys a sediment-laden runoff, pipes can become clogged during large rain events. • Pipe slope drains reduce erosion, but it does not prevent or reduce the amount of sediment in runoff. Additional BMPs should be used in conjunction with pipe slope drains to treat the flow. • Erosion and scouring may occur at the discharge point. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Pipe slope drains are easiest to install, maintain, and remove when flexible pipe is used and are most effective when installed with Erosion Control Mats, Mulching, and Diversion Dikes. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Pipe slope drains are effective in eliminating slope erosion because water is not allowed to flow directly on the slope. 5-32 Erosion Control - 4 Page 2 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices • Pipe slope drains minimize erosion down a slope because all flow is confined to an enclosed pipe. • When flexible pipe is used, slope drains are easy to install and require little maintenance. Design and Sizing Criteria The capacity for temporary drains should be sufficient to handle a 10-year, 24-hour peak flow. This may be computed using the Rational Method described in the Flood Control District of Maricopa County’s "Hydrology Manual". Higher flows must be safely stored or routed to prevent any offsite concentration of flow. • Temporary pipe slope drains should not be sized smaller than as shown in the following table: Minimum Pipe Diameter (inches) Maximum Upstream Drainage Area (acres) 12 0.5 18 1.5 21 2.5 24 3.5 30 5.0 • The entrance should consist of a standard flared end section for culverts 12-inches and larger with a minimum 6-inch metal toe plate to prevent runoff from undercutting the pipe inlet. The slope of the entrance should be at least 3 percent. The soil around and under the pipe and entrance section should be thoroughly compacted. The flared inlet section should be securely connected to the slope drain and have watertight connecting bands. • Slope drain sections should be securely fastened together and have gasketted watertight fittings, and be securely anchored into the soil. • Interceptor dikes should be used to direct runoff into a slope drain. The height of the dike should be at least 1 foot higher at all points than the top of the inlet pipe. • The area below the outlet must be stabilized with a riprap apron per the attached construction drawings. • If the pipe slope drain is conveying sediment-laden water, direct all flows into the sediment trapping facility. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Check inlet and outlet points regularly, especially after heavy storms. August 2009 Erosion Control - 4 Page 3 of 7 5-33 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices • The inlet should be free of undercutting and no water should pass around the point of entry. Erosion around the pipe drain should be stabilized with erosion control mats, crushed stone, concrete, or other acceptable methods. The headwall should be reinforced with compacted earth or sand bags. • The outlet point should be free of erosion and installed with appropriate outlet protection. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention, http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm iSWM, integrated Storm Water Management Design Manual for Construction, December 2003, North Central Texas Council of Governments. North Carolina State University, (NCSU) North Carolina Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Measures http://h2osparc.wq.ncsu.edu/info/bmps.html Kamber Engineering Gaithersberg, Maryland, April, 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15 5-34 Erosion Control - 4 Page 4 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Pipe Slope Drains Photos Pipe slope drain with a sediment basin at the bottom Courtesy of:http://www.cacaponinstitute.org August 2009 Erosion Control - 4 Page 5 of 7 5-35 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Pipe Slope Drains Drawing (rigid) 5-36 Erosion Control - 4 Page 6 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Pipe Slope Drains Drawing (flexible) August 2009 Erosion Control - 4 Page 7 of 7 5-37 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-38 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices EC-5Stabilized Construction Entrance DEFINITION A stabilized pad of aggregate underlain with filter cloth located at any point where traffic will be entering or exiting a construction site to or from a public right-of-way, street, alley, sidewalk or parking area. For added effectiveness, a wheel wash or wash rack area can be incorporated into the design to further reduce sediment tracking. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Perimeter and Access Controls - high Associated Costs Most effective when used with: EC-6 Construction Road Stabilization H M Implementation X Maintenance X Training EC-7 Dust Control GH-6 Road Sweeping/Trackout Cleaning Alternative BMPs: GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas – wheel wash is especially useful with clay soils. Target Pollutants Removal L X H M L Oil and Grease X Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material Metals X X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches Stabilized Construction Entrance Photos CAD Drawings Stabilized Construction Entrance Drawing August 2009 Erosion Control -5 Page 1 of 6 5-39 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Stabilized construction entrances reduce or eliminate the tracking of sediment onto public rightsof-ways or streets. Reducing trackout of sediments and other pollutants onto paved roads helps prevent deposition of sediments into local storm drain and production of airborne dust. It also can direct traffic to a single location, reducing the number of disturbed areas on the site and providing traffic control. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS A stabilized construction entrance should be used at all points of construction ingress and egress. Use at construction sites: • Where dirt of mud can be tracked onto public roads. • Adjacent to water bodies. • Where clayey or silty soils are encountered. • Where dust is a problem during dry weather conditions. AZPDES/NDPES permits and Maricopa County dust control regulations require that appropriate measures be implemented to prevent trackout of sediments onto paved roadways. LIMITATIONS Stabilized construction entrances may not be completely effective against preventing the deposition of sediments onto paved surfaces. To further reduce the chance of these sediments polluting stormwater runoff, sweeping of the paved area adjacent to the stabilized site entrance is recommended. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Limit points of entrance/exit to only stabilized locations. Stabilized construction entrances are most effect when used in conjunction with EC-6 Construction Road Stabilization, EC-7 Dust Control, and GH-6 Road Sweeping/Trackout Cleaning. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Stabilized construction entrances alone are not very effective in removing sediment from equipment leaving a construction site. Efficiency is greatly increased, though, when a washing rack is included at the point of egress. 5-40 Erosion Control - 5 Page 2 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Design and Sizing Considerations The aggregate for stabilized construction entrance aprons should have a nominal diameter of 1 to 3 inches in size, washed, well-graded gravel or crushed rock. The apron dimensions recommended are 30 feet by 50 feet and 6 inches deep. • The entrance must be properly graded to prevent runoff from leaving the construction site. • Install a washrack at ground elevation. • When wash areas are provided, washing should be done on an area stabilized with crushed stone which drains into a properly constructed sediment trap or basin (pond). RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Inspect monthly and after each rainfall. • Replace gravel mat when surface voids are no longer visible. Periodic top dressing with additional stone will be required. • All sediments deposited on paved roadways must be removed within 24 hours. • Remove gravel and filter fabric upon completion of construction. Note: If working on a project that is subject to a Maricopa County Dust Control Permit under Rule 310, follow the permit requirements for Stabilized Construction Entrance design and sizing. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. North Carolina State University, (NCSU) North Carolina Nonpoint Source Pollution Control August 2009 Erosion Control - 5 Page 3 of 6 5-41 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Measures http://h2osparc.wq.ncsu.edu/info/bmps.html Center for Watershed Protection, Inc., Stormwater Manager’s Resource Center (SMRC). http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ Kamber Engineering Gaithersberg, Maryland, April, 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA, City of Austin, Texas, March, 2004, Environmental Criteria Manual. 5-42 Erosion Control - 5 Page 4 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Stabilized Construction Entrance Photos Stabilized entrances should consist of well-graded, washed gravel up to 3 inches in diameter Stabilized construction entrances reduce trackout to public right-of-ways or streets August 2009 Erosion Control - 5 Page 5 of 6 5-43 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Stabilized Construction Entrance Drawing 5-44 Erosion Control - 5 Page 6 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices EC-6Construction Road Stabilization DEFINITION The temporary stabilization of the subgrade, sub-base, and base of access roads, subdivision roads, parking areas, and other onsite vehicle transportation routes for dust and erosion control. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - moderate Perimeter and Access Controls - high Associated Costs H Implementation X Maintenance Most effective when used with: M X Training GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas Target Pollutants Removal EC-5 Stabilized Construction Entrance EC-7 Dust Control for additional erosion and fugitive dust control. Alternative BMPs: For light traffic, dust suppressants in EC-7 Dust Control can be used for topical stabilization For roadways crossing waterways, use EC-8 Temporary Access Waterway Crossing L X H M L Oil and Grease X Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches EC-6 Construction Road Stabilization Photos CAD Drawings None August 2009 Erosion Control - 6 Page 1 of 5 5-45 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Roads graded for construction vehicles are especially susceptible to erosion. The exposed soil surface is continually disturbed resulting in erosion, dust problems, and loss of sediment-laden runoff. During wet weather, the roads may generate significant quantities of sediment that may be transported offsite in surface runoff or on the wheels of construction vehicles. Stabilization helps to increase the compressive strength and durability of access roads. Stablization also helps limit dust and erosion created by vehicular tracking and creates easier and safer driving conditions for construction vehicles and equipment. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS • Parking areas (both permanent and temporary) for use by construction traffic • For phased construction projects where roadways are graded for utility installations, but will not be paved immediately. • Detour roadways. • When roadway construction occurs in wet weather. LIMITATIONS • Measures on temporary roads must be cheap to install and remove • Aggregate or chemical stabilization to construction roads may need to be applied more than once during a construction period. • All unpaved construction roads will generate airborne dust. The contractor should control dust in compliance with the requirements of the Maricopa County Air Quality Division, refer to Dust Control for strategies to control dust including the suite of chemical stabilization methods. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Construction Road Stabilization can be enhanced when implemented with Designated Washdown Areas, Stabilized Construction Entrance, and Dust Control. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS There are various levels of road stabilization methods in costs and effectiveness. They are described in increasing order: 5-46 Erosion Control - 6 Page 2 of 5 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices 1. Dust palliative on an untreated/unimproved road. Chemical dust suppressants, or palliatives, can also act as road stabilization for light traffic and loading conditions. Refer to Commonly Used Dust Suppressants Table for an overview of these chemical treatments. 2. Gravel surface road consisting of either aggregate or imported gravel. Gravel or aggregate will provide additional stabilization to the road surface. A 6-inch layer of crushed rock (2 - 4 inch nominal diameter), gravel base, or crushed surface base course should be applied immediately after grading or utility installation has been completed within the right-of-way. A 4-inch course of aggregate base course may be used in lieu of the crushed rock. 3. Treated base and sub-base. The compressive strength of road base and sub-base material can be increased through chemical treatment including cement and lime/fly-ash. Lignosulfonates have also been shown to increase the compressive strength of base and sub-base materials. Road surfaces can also be strengthened using one or more layers of bituminous material (chip seal). Refer to Chapter 3 of the ADOT Construction Manual for exact specifications and requirements. 4. Composite road section design. Composite road section design provides the highest level of road stabilization. It also requires the highest level of design and implementation cost, time, and labor). A typical composite road section consists of a compacted native sub-grade soil, followed by a stabilized base course, followed with an unbound base, and finally a wearing surface of asphalt concrete or a Portland cement concrete pavement. Refer to Chapter 4 of the ADOT Construction Manual and/or Chapter 10 of the 2004 MCDOT Roadway Design Manual for exact specifications and requirements. Temporary roads should follow the contour of the natural terrain to the maximum extent possible and the slope should not exceed 15 percent. Roadways should be carefully graded to drain transversely. Provide drainage swales on each side of the roadway for a normal crown section, or to the downstream side for a super-elevated section. Simple gravel berms without a trench can also be used. Installed drainage inlets should be protected to prevent sediment-laden water entering the drain sewer system (see Storm Drain Inlet Protection BMP). RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION Inspect stabilized roads at regular intervals (a minimum of once a month) and on a more frequent basis during rainy seasons. Look for cracks, potholes, and other signs of road surface erosion. Add rock, gravel, or asphalt patches where necessary to prevent any exposed areas to erosion. August 2009 Erosion Control - 6 Page 3 of 5 5-47 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS Stabilized roads can be converted to a more permanent form, usually when the base and subbase has been treated or when a composite road section design has been constructed. Refer to Chapters 3 and 4 of the ADOT Construction Manual and Chapter 10 of the MCDOT Roadway Design Manual. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm NCSU, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Nonpoint Source Pollution Control North Carolina State University, (NCSU) North Carolina Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Measures http://h2osparc.wq.ncsu.edu/info/bmps.html Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1992, Virginia Erosion and Sedimentation Control Handbook, Thrid Edition. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. 5-48 Erosion Control - 6 Page 4 of 5 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Construction Road Stabilization Photos Comparison of a haul road before and after it has been stabilized. Courtesy of Dust Pro, Inc. August 2009 Erosion Control - 6 Page 5 of 5 5-49 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-50 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices EC-7Dust Control DEFINITION A comprehensive plan to limit offsite sediment depression by minimizing or controlling airborne fugitive dust. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Perimeter and Access Controls - high Associated Costs H M Implementation Most effective when used with: Maintenance EC-5 Stabilized Construction Entrance X X Training EC-6 Construction Road Stabilization Target Pollutants Removal GH-6 Road Sweeping/Trackout Cleaning Alternative BMPs: For long term dust control, consider SPC-6 Revegetation L X H M L Oil and Grease X Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material Metals Other Construction Waste X X X FIGURES Photos/Sketches EC-7 Dust Control Photos Tables Commonly Used Dust Suppressants August 2009 Erosion Control - 7 Page 1 of 7 5-51 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Sediments which are transported from construction sites by stormwater runoff, wind, erosion and vehicle trackout are often re-dispersed to the air by subsequent vehicular traffic and high winds. Likewise, these sediments may be transported by the next rainfall into public storm sewer systems. Implementation of control measures to minimize the generation of fugitive dust from construction sites will reduce particulate matter in the air, which has significant health effects to workers and any nearby residents. There are three methods of dust control: (1) Geotextiles, mats, plastic covers, and other mechanical methods (2) dust palliatives (soil binders), and (3) revegetation. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Dust control measures should be applied at the following locations and activities: • Grading Operations (land clearing and earthmoving) • Drilling and blasting • Batch drop operations (loader operation) • Exposed areas, cleared unstabilized area. • Vehicle traffic on unpaved surfaces • Sediment tracking on paved surfaces • Blasting and wrecking ball operations • Soil and debris storage piles The contractor is responsible for complying with the Maricopa County Air Quality regulations. Refer to Appendix C for additional information on dust control and air permit compliance in Maricopa County. A summary of the basic requirements are as follows: • Permits require the use of reasonably available dust control measures. • Enforce visible opacity emission limits to determine compliance. • Require dust control plans for construction or land clearing projects. • Enforcement activities with priority given to citizen complaints. • Require contractors to maintain records. 5-52 Erosion Control - 7 Page 2 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices LIMITATIONS Dust suppresants have a range of limitations and precautions. Refer to Commonly Used Dust Suppressants Table for limitations of each type of dust suppressant. • All dust suppressants are temporary in nature and may need reapplication(s) throughout the life of a project. • Dust suppressants require a minimum curing time until fully effective, as prescribed by the manufacturer, which may be 24 hours or longer. Reapplication may be necesary after a storm event. • Dust suppressants will generally experience spot failures during heavy rainfall events. If runoff penetrates the soil at the top of a slope treated with a soil binder, the runoff may completely undercut the stabilized soil layer and discharge at a point further down the slope. • Dust suppressants may not penetrate soil surfaces made up primarily of silt and clay, particularly when compacted. • Some dust suppressants can be environmentally hazardous, especially if the dust suppressant dissolves in water. Dissolved chemicals can migrate with the runoff or percolate further below the ground surface. For additional information, refer to the EPA document, "Potential Environmental Impacts of Dust Suppressants: Avoiding Another Times Beach", referenced at the end of this BMP. • Some dust suppressants do not perform well with low relative humidity, while others become slippery or leach out of the soil under heavy precipitation. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Many of the reasonably available control measures for controlling fugitive dust from construction sites can also be implemented as Best Management Practices for stormwater pollution prevention. Those best management practices include: • Pave, vegetate, or chemically stabilize access points to paved roads. • Provide covers for trucks transporting materials that contribute dust. • Provide for wet suppression or chemical stabilization of exposed soils. • Provide for rapid cleanup of sediments deposited on paved roads. • Furnish stabilized construction road entrances and vehicle wash down areas. • Stabilize unpaved haul roads, parking and staging areas. • Implement dust control measures for material stockpiles. August 2009 Erosion Control - 7 Page 3 of 7 5-53 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices • Prevent drainage of sediment-laden stormwater onto paved surfaces. • Stabilize abandoned construction sites using vegetation or chemical stabilization methods. • Limit the amount of areas disturbed by clearing and earth moving operations by scheduling these activities in phases. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS There are many products available as dust suppressants for chemicals available and recommendations for their use are summarized in Commonly Used Dust Suppressants Table. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION Dust control is an ongoing process during site construction. Re-application of dust control measure may be necessary until construction is complete. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS Consider Revegetation or emulsion chip seals for more permanent dust control after the construction project has been completed. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Nevada May 30-31, 2002, Potential Environmental Impacts of Dust Suppressants: “Avoiding Another Times Beach” An Expert Panel Summary, Las Vegas. 5-54 Erosion Control - 7 Page 4 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Dust Control Photos Wind blown dust. August 2009 Erosion Control - 7 Page 5 of 7 5-55 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Dust Control Table TABLE 5.2 COMMONLY USED DUST SUPPRESSANTS Types Functional Mechanism Advantages Limitations Freshwater Moisture wets particles, thereby increasing their mass and binding them together. Usually readily available, low material cost, and easy to apply Frequent light applications may be necessary during hot dry weather and can be labor intensive. Over application may result in loss of traction, erosion, or points of road failure. At a relative humidity greater than approximately 30% (77 F), the salts within the soil will pull moisture from the air above and retain it in the soil. Reduces evaporation rate of surface moisture, lowers the freezing point of water, which reduces frost heave and freeze-thaw cycles, thereby reducing required road maintenance. Calcium Chloride also increases the compacted density of existing road base material. Effectiveness is retained after reblading. Effectiveness in arid and semi-arid regions may be limited due to low relative humidity. It is very corrosive to aluminum alloys and slightly corrosive to steel. Solubility of calcium chloride results in leaching during heavy precipitation. Releases heat when mixed with water. Magnesium Chloride At a relative humidity greater than approximately 30% (77° F), the salts within the soil will pull moisture from the air above and retain it in the soil. Reduces evaporation rate of surface moisture, lowers the freezing point of water, which reduces frost heave and freeze-thaw cycles, thereby reducing required road maintenance. Magnesium Chloride increases the compacted density of existing road base material more than Calcium Chloride. Effectiveness is retained after reblading. Effectiveness in arid and semi-arid regions may be limited due to low relative humidity. It is very corrosive to aluminum alloys and slightly corrosive to steel. Solubility of calcium chloride results in leaching during heavy precipitation. Lignin Derivatives Act as adhesives by binding soil particles together and curing. Greatly increases dry strength of soil, not humidity-dependent, imparts some plasticity to road surfaces, and lowers freezing point of road surface and base. Effectiveness is retained after reblading. High solubility results in leaching during heavy precipitation. It is corrosive to aluminum alloys due to acidity (CaCO3 can neutralize the acidity). Proper aggregate mix is important to performance. Becomes slippery when wet and brittle when dry. Tree Resin Emulsions (tall oil) Act as adhesives by binding soil particles together and curing. Low solubility after curing minimizes leaching and provides degree of surface waterproofing. Imparts some plasticity to road surfaces, has a high bonding strength, and is non-corrosive. Requires proper weather and time to cure. No residual effectiveness after reblading. Equipment requires prompt cleanup to avoid curing of resin in hoses and pipes. Synthetic Polymer Bind soil particles together by forming a polmerizing matrix; a function similar to adhesives. Applicable to a range of emission sources and function well in sandy soil conditions. Some types allow seeded vegetation to grow through the polymer matrix. Requires proper weather and time to cure. Water repellant. May be subject to UV (sunlight) degradation. Application equipment requires timely cleaning. Thre is no residual effectiveness after reblading. Bituments, Tars, and Resins Asphalt and resinous products are adhesive binding soil particles together. Petroleum oil products coat soil particles, increasing their mass and binding them together. Water insoluble when dry; provide a degree of surface waterproofing. Good residual effectiveness. Surface crusting fracturing arid potholing may develop. Long-term application may cause road to become too hard for reblading. Bituments won't lower freezing point and petroleum oil products lack adhesive characteristics. Cementitious Based Binders High purity gypsum mixes with water and mulch to form a thin cement-like crust on the soil surface. Flexible, durable, water permeable, arid resists soil chemicals. Reduces amount of aggregate required during initial construction and has lower maintenance costs than other dust suppressants. Cementitious based binders are only effective for dust control in non-traffic areas. Instead, consider mixing cementitious based binders with sub-base soils for greater soil strength. Calcium Chloride 5-56 Erosion Control - 7 Page 6 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Dust Control Table TABLE 5.2 COMMONLY USED DUST SUPPRESSANTS (CONT.) Ideal Soil Characteristics Relative Cost Comparison (average life expectancy) Environmental Considerations Freshwater None Low initial cost, high longterm maintenance cost (0 months) Minimal environmental hazard. If applied excessively, may result in erosion and sediment runoff . Supply may be limited in some areas and, depending on the source, may require a water right permit. Calcium Chloride Plasticity index > 8 10-20 percent fines passing the No. 200 sieve (by weight) Low initial cost, medium long-term maintenance cost (1-6 months) Repeated applications and long term use may harm adjacent vegetation (See the manufacturer's product information). Magnesium Chloride Plasticity index > 8 10-20 percent fines passing the No. 200 sieve (by weight) Low initial cost, medium long-term maintenance cost (1-6 months) Repeated applications and long term use may harm adjacent and nearby vegetation (See the manufacturer's product information). Types Lignin Derivatives Plasticity index > 8 10-30 percent fines passing the No. 200 sieve (by weight) Medium initial cost, low long-term maintenance cost (3-12 months) Lignin products have high BOD (biological oxygen demand) in aquatic systems. Spills or runoff into surface or groundwaters may create low dissolved oxygen conditions resulting in fish kills or increases in ground water concentrations of iron, sulfur compounds arid other pollutants. (See the product MSDS for specific information). Tree Resin Emulsions (tall oil) Plasticity index < 3 10-20 percent fines passing the No. 200 sieve (by weight) Medium initial cost, low long-term maintenance cost (1-6 months) (See the manufacturer's product information) Synthetic Polymer Plasticity index < 3 5-20 percent fines passing the No. 200 sieve (by weight) High initial cost, low longterm maintenance cost (13 months) (See the manufacturer's product information) Bituments, Tars, and Resins Plasticity index < 3 <20 percent fines passing the No. 200 sieve (by weight) High initial cost, high longterm maintenance cost (13 months) Use of used oils prohibited. Some petroleum based products may contain carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (See the manufacturer's product information) Cementitious Based Binders Depending on the type of cementitious based binder, will work with both high and low plasticity index soils. Low initial cost, medium long-term maintenance cost (3-6 months) None August 2009 Erosion Control - 7 Page 7 of 7 5-57 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-58 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices EC-8Temporary Access Waterway Crossing DEFINITION A temporary access stream crossing is a structure placed across a waterway to provide access for construction purposes for a period of less than one year. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Inlet Drain Protection - high Debris Management, Cleanup, and Washout - high Associated Costs Most effective when used with: None Alternative BMPs: None H M Implementation X Maintenance X Training X Target Pollutants Removal Oil and Grease H M L L X Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches EC-8 Temporary Access Waterway Crossing Photos CAD Drawings Temporary Access Culvert Temporary Access Ford August 2009 Erosion Control - 8 Page 1 of 7 5-59 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE The purpose of the temporary access waterway crossing is to provide a safe, pollution free access across a stream. Temporary access waterway crossings are necessary to prevent construction equipment from damaging the stream and tracking sediment and other pollutants into the waterway. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Temporary stream crossings are installed at sites: • Where appropriate permits have been secured (404 Permits and/or 401 Certification). • Where construction equipment or vehicles need to frequently cross a waterway. • When alternate access routes that do not cross streams impose significant constraints to the project • Construction activities will not last longer than one year. There are two main temporary access waterway crossings that are generally constructed: • Temporary access culverts - are effective in controlling erosion, easily constructed, and allow for heavy equipment loading. • Temporary access fords - offer very little sediment and erosion control and are only effective in ephemeral stream channels. Temporary fords are the least expensive waterway crossing, allow for maximum load limits, and require minimal maintenance. LIMITATIONS • Temporary access culverts - often require maintenance and can cause erosion if stream flow is restricted. Culverts usually disturb the waterway during installation and removal. • Temporary access fords - offer little erosion control. • May require section 401 and 404 certification of the Clean Water Act prior to installing a temporary access ford. • Special care must be taken for all these practices when crossing an environmentally sensitive stream. Oils or other potentially hazardous materials should not be used for surface treatments. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS • 5-60 Most streams within Maricopa County will be flowing only after moderate to heavy rainfalls. For minor washes, no crossing may be necessary. For larger streams, the contrac- Erosion Control - 8 Page 2 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices tor should consider the time of year, construction schedule and construction requirements. For crossing intermittently flowing streams, a shallow access ford or culvert is recommended. Temporary culverts must be sized and installed per the requirements of the Flood Control District of Maricopa County or local municipal stormwater agency. • Construction in dry streams should be at or near the natural invert of the streambed to prevent flooding upstream of the crossing. Construction in waterways may be subject to additional permit requirements. Contact the Flood Control District of Maricopa County or local municipal stormwater agency for information. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Temporary culverts should be sized and installed per the requirements of the Flood Control District of Maricopa County and the ADOT Construction Manual, Sections 501 and 502. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Periodically remove debris behind fords, in culverts, and under bridges. • Replace protective aggregate from culvert inlets and outlets that were eroded and lost during a storm. • Remove a temporary crossing promptly when it is no longer needed. • Check for structural weakening of the temporary crossing, such as cracks, and undermining of foundations and abutments. • Inspect, at a minimum, weekly and after each significant rainfall. The inspection should include: • Checking for blockage in the channel, debris buildup in culverts or fords, and under bridges or trapped debris. • Checking for erosion of abutments, channel scour, riprap displacement, or piping in the soil. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS Fords are only temporary waterway crossings and the stream must be returned to the original natural state as it was prior to construction. Temporary access culverts may remain permanent, per the requirements of the Flood Control District of Maricopa County and the ADOT Construction Manual, Sections 501 and 502. August 2009 Erosion Control - 8 Page 3 of 7 5-61 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices REFERENCES CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Carolina Department of Transportation, August 2003, Best Management Practices for Construction and Maintenance Activities, Chapter 5.0 “Operation Best Management Practices”, http://www.doh.dot.state.nc.us/operations/BMP_manual/ 5-62 Erosion Control - 8 Page 4 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Temporary Access Waterway Crossing Photos Schematic of a temporary access culvert. Courtesy of CALTRANS Temporary access culvert. Courtesy of NCDOT August 2009 Erosion Control - 8 Page 5 of 7 5-63 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Temporary Access Waterway Crossing Drawing 5-64 Erosion Control - 8 Page 6 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Temporary Access Waterway Crossing Drawing August 2009 Erosion Control - 8 Page 7 of 7 5-65 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-66 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices EC-9Diversion Dikes DEFINITION A ridge of compacted soil (recommended with a vegetated lining) that is often located at the top or base of a sloping disturbed area, and redirects runoff to a less sensitive outfall or area. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - high Excavated areas (trenches, pits, etc.) - high Perimeter and Access Controls - high Associated Costs Most effective when used with: EC-1 Erosion Control Mats to help reduce erosion along the dike. EC-4 Pipe Slope Drains to provide additional control if flow cannot be completely routed around the disturbed area. Alternative BMPs: For a less expensive, temporary control, consider SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier H M Implementation X Maintenance X Training X Target Pollutants Removal H M L L Oil and Grease X Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches EC-9 Diversion Dikes Photos CAD Drawings Diversion Dikes August 2009 Erosion Control - 9 Page 1 of 6 5-67 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Depending on the location and topography, diversion dikes can achieve two different goals: • Located on the upslope of a site, they can prevent surface sheet flow runoff from entering a disturbed construction site. • Located on the downslope of a site, they can divert sediment-laden runoff created onsite to sediment trapping devices, preventing soil loss from the disturbed area. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Diversion dikes may be used to: • Intercept and divert runoff to avoid sheet flow over sloped surfaces. • Divert and direct runoff towards a stabilized watercourse, drainage pipe or channel. • Intercept runoff from paved surfaces. Diversion dikes may be installed: • Below steep grades where runoff begins to concentrate. • Along roadways and facility improvements subject to flood drainage. • At the top of slopes to divert runon from adjacent or undisturbed slopes. • At bottom and mid-slope locations to intercept sheet flow and convey concentrated flows. LIMITATIONS • Limit to upstream drainage areas of 10 acres or less and for slopes less than 5 percent. For larger areas more permanent structures should be built. • All structures should be in compliance with hydraulic design standards set by the local municipality or Flood Control District of Maricopa County. • Earth dikes may create more disturbed area on site and become barriers to construction equipment. • Earth dikes must be stabilized immediately which increases maintenance and installation costs. • Diverted stormwater flow may cause flood damage to adjacent areas. • Diversion dikes are not suitable as sediment trapping devices. 5-68 Erosion Control - 9 Page 2 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County • Erosion Control: Best Management Practices The concentrated runoff in a channel or ditch has increased erosion potential. To alleviate this erosion capability, diversion dikes must be used in conjunction with sediment trapping devices, soil stabilization, and sediment controls. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Several considerations must be made before installing diversion dikes. Diversion dikes can either be installed temporarily or as a permanent structure: Temporary diversion dikes are generally made up of earth material. Earth dikes are advantageous because they can handle flows from large drainage areas, are relatively inexpensive and easy to install, use onsite materials, and once stabilized, earth dikes require little maintenance. However, earth dikes, alone, do not control erosion or remove sediment from runoff. Rather, they direct runoff to erosion control devices such as Temporary Sediment Basins or Temporary Sediment Traps, or away from an erodible surface. Temporary diversion dikes should not adversely impact adjacent properties and must conform to local floodplain management regulations. For large flows, earth dikes can begin to erode and further contribute to the sediment loading in the runoff. Stone, recycled concrete, rip-rap, or filter cloth can be used to temporarily stabilize a diversion dike (see Recommended Standards and specifications below). Consider using Erosion Control Mats and Pipe Slope Drains in conjunction with a Sand Bag Barrier for additional erosion control and stabilization. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS • All dikes should be compacted by earth-moving equipment. • All dikes should have positive drainage to an outlet. • Top width may be wider and side slopes may be flatter if desired to facilitate crossing by construction traffic. • Runoff should be conveyed to a sediment trapping device such as a sediment trap or sediment basin when either the dike channel or the drainage area above the dike are not adequately stabilized. • Temporary stabilization, when necessary, should be as scheduled below: • Stone or recycled concrete equivalent, should be applied in a layer at least 8 inches in thickness and be pressed into the soil with construction equipment. • Rip-rap should be applied in a layer at least two times the D50 and pressed into the soil. • Approved equivalents can be substituted for any of the above materials. August 2009 Erosion Control - 9 Page 3 of 6 5-69 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County • Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Filter cloth and erosion control mats may be used for dikes in use for long periods. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Inspect temporary measures prior to the rainy season, after rainfall events, and regularly during the rainy season. • Inspect ditches and berms for washouts. Replace lost riprap, damaged linings or soil stabilizers as needed. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS By providing a vegetated cover to the diversion dike, the dike can become a permanent structure. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. North Carolina Department of Transportation, August 2003, Best Management Practices for Construction and Maintenance Activities, Chapter 5.0 “Operation Best Management Practices”, http://www.doh.dot.state.nc.us/operations/BMP_manual/ Center for Watershed Protection, Inc., Stormwater Manager’s Resource Center (SMRC). http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ Kamber Engineering Gaithersberg, Maryland, April, 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA. 5-70 Erosion Control - 9 Page 4 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Diversion Dikes Photos A temporary diversion dike can be stabilized with straw mulching. Courtesy of Douglas County Permanent diversion dikes can be constructed of grouted riprap and vegetated. August 2009 Erosion Control - 9 Page 5 of 6 5-71 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Diversion Dikes Drawing 5-72 Erosion Control - 9 Page 6 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices EC-10Drainage Swales DEFINITION A drainage way with a lining of grass, stone, asphalt, concrete, or other material. Permanent channels must be designed and constructed in accordance with appropriate local design standards. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - high Excavated Areas (trenches, pits, etc.) - high Perimeter and Access Controls - high Channels and Medians - high Associated Costs H Implementation X Most effective when used with: EC-11 Outlet Protection, Velocity Dissipation Devices M Maintenance X Training X Target Pollutants Removal H M L L Oil and Grease X EC-1 Erosion Control Mats Nutrients X SPC-4 Check Dams Sediment All of the above provide erosion control for higher flows. Floatable Material Alternative BMPs: X X Metals X Other Construction Waste X EC-9 Diversion Dikes FIGURES Photos/Sketches Drainage Swales Photos CAD Drawings Drainage Swales Drawing August 2009 Erosion Control - 10 Page 1 of 7 5-73 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Drainage swales are used as perimeter controls or slope protection to convey runoff without causing erosion by intercepting runoff from above unprotected slopes or at the perimeter and directing the runoff to a sediment trapping device or stabilized outlet. Depending on the design of the drainage swale, different objectives can be achieved. A meandering or winding swale with vegetation helps to reduce flow velocities and reduce suspended sediments. A straight, lined swale provides the maximum conveyance of drainage flows. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Drainage swales and lined ditches may be used to: • Convey surface runoff down sloping land. • Intercept and divert runoff to avoid sheet flow over sloped surfaces. • Divert and direct runoff towards a stabilized watercourse, drainage pipe or treatment facility. • Intercept runoff from paved surfaces. Drainage swales and lined ditches may be used: • Below steep grades where runoff begins to concentrate. • Along roadways and facility improvements subject to flood drainage. • At the top of slopes to divert runon from adjacent or undisturbed slopes. • At bottom and mid-slope locations to intercept sheet flow and convey concentrated flows. LIMITATIONS • Temporary drainage swales or any diversion of runoff should not adversely impact upstream or downstream properties and must conform to local floodplain management regulations. • Constructing the proper swale to handle the desired runoff flows often requires engineering design work which can be costly. • Swales can be expensive to construct if a liner is required. • Interceptor swales must be stabilized quickly upon excavation in order not to contribute further to the sediment loading. 5-74 Erosion Control - 10 Page 2 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Consider using Outlet Protection, Velocity Dissipation Devices, Erosion Control Mats, and Check Dams in conjunction with Drainage Swales to provide erosion control for higher flow rates. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Once the proper geometry and lining is used in a drainage swale, large volumes of flows can be effectively conveyed and/or treated with little maintenance. Velocity dissipation devices should be installed at the beginning or end of the swale to prevent erosion or scour. Design and Sizing Criteria The Hydraulics Manual of the Flood Control District of Maricopa County will be used for all appropriate design criteria. In addition: 1. All temporary swales should have uninterrupted grade to an outlet. 2. Diverted runoff from a disturbed area should be conveyed to a sediment trapping device. 3. Diverted runoff from an undisturbed area should outlet directly into an undisturbed stabilized area at non-erosive velocity. 4. All trees, brush, stumps, and obstructions, may need to be removed and disposed of so as not to interfere with the proper functioning of the swale, but can remain for sediment filtration. 5. The swale should be excavated or shaped to line, grade, and cross section as required to meet the criteria specified herein and be free of bank projections or other irregularities which will impede normal flow. 6. Fills should be compacted by earth moving equipment. 7. All earth removed and not needed on construction should be placed so that it will not interfere with the functioning of the swale. 8. For flow velocities up to 4 feet per second, use vegetation. For flow velocities less than 4 feet per second, apply a vegetated cover to the channel. For velocities greater than 4 feet per second, consult the table below. August 2009 Erosion Control - 10 Page 3 of 7 5-75 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Flow Stabilization Average Diameter of Rock Type of Treatment Channel Grade% Drainage Area <5 acres 5-10 acres 1 0.5 - 1.0 4” Rock 4” Rock 2 1.1 - 2.0 6” Rock 6” Rock 3 2.1 - 3.0 8” Rock Rip-Rap 6-12” 4 3.1 - 5.0 8-12” Rip-Rap Engineered Note: Refer to the drainage swale CAD drawing file for specified dimensions. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Inspect temporary measures prior to the rainy season, after rainfall events, and regularly during the rainy season. • Inspect ditches and berms for washouts. Replace lost riprap, damaged linings or soil stabilizers as needed. • Inspect channel linings, embankments, and beds of ditches and berms for erosion and accumulation of debris and sediment. Remove debris and sediment, and repair linings and embankments as needed. • Temporary conveyances should be completely removed as soon as the surrounding drainage area has been stabilized, or at the completion of construction. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS By providing a vegetated cover to the diversion swale, the swale can become a permanent structure. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. 5-76 Erosion Control - 10 Page 4 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. Center for Watershed Protection, Inc., Stormwater Manager’s Resource Center (SMRC). http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ Kamber Engineering Gaithersberg, Maryland, April, 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. August 2009 Erosion Control - 10 Page 5 of 7 5-77 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Drainage Swales Photos When possible, leave existing vegetation in the drainage swale for added velocity reduction. Permanent drainage swales are often vegetated. 5-78 Erosion Control - 10 Page 6 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Drainage Swales Drawing August 2009 Erosion Control - 10 Page 7 of 7 5-79 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-80 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices EC-11Outlet Protection, Velocity Dissipation Devices DEFINITION Structures and devices placed at pipe outlets to prevent scour and reduce the velocity and/or energy of stormwater flows. These structures may include a section of rock, grouted riprap, and concrete rubble placed at the outlet end of culverts, conduits, or channels. Various products can also be installed for velocity reduction including hydrobrakes, vortex valves, and drop shafts. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Perimeter and Access Controls - high Associated Costs H Implementation X Most effective when used with: None Alternative BMPs: None M Maintenance X Training X Target Pollutants Removal H M L L Oil and Grease X Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches EC-11 Outlet Protection, Velocity Dissipation Devices Photos CAD Drawings Pipe Outlet Conditions August 2009 Erosion Control - 11 Page 1 of 5 5-81 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Outlet protection and velocity dissipation reduces the velocity and energy of the runoff water, thereby preventing the flow from eroding the receiving downstream reach. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Outlet protection and velocity dissipation can be used at the following locations: • Outlets of pipes, drains, culverts, slope drains, diversion ditches, swales, conduits or channels. • Outlets located at the bottom of mild to steep slopes. • Discharge outlets that carry continuous flows of water. • Outlets subject to short, intense flows of water, such as flash floods. • Points where lined conveyances discharge to unlined conveyances. Note: Rock outlet protection is usually less expensive and easier to intall than concrete aprons or other energy dissipators. LIMITATIONS • Rock outlet protection may need continual maintenance because large storms often wash away the stone and leave the area susceptible to erosion. • Loose rock may have stones washed away during high flows. • Grouted riprap may break up in areas of freeze and thaw. • If there is not adequate drainage, and water builds up behind grouted riprap, it may cause the grouted riprap to break up due to the resulting hydrostatic pressure. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Rock outlet protection is effective when the rock is sized and placed properly. When this is accomplished, rock outlets do much to limit erosion at pipe outlets. If runoff is sediment-laden, a sediment trap below the pipe outlet is recommended. Permanent rock riprap protection should be designed and sized by the engineer as part of the culvert, conduit or channel design. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS General recommendations for rock size and length of outlet protection mat are shown in the CAD drawing figure. 5-82 Erosion Control - 11 Page 2 of 5 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Inspect temporary measures prior to the rainy season, after rainfall events, and regularly during the rainy season. • Inspect apron for displacement of the riprap and/or damage to the underlying fabric. Repair fabric and replace riprap that has washed away. • Inspect for scour beneath the riprap and around the outlet. Repair damage to slopes or underlying filter fabric immediately. • Temporary devices should be completely removed as soon as the surrounding drainage area has been stabilized, or at the completion of construction. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS Rock outlet protection and other velocity dissipation devices can remain after the construction project for long term erosion protection. However, the design engineer should consult with the local municipality or the Flood Control District of Maricopa County for specific requirements of permanent outlet protection. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm North Carolina State University, (NCSU) North Carolina Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Measures http://h2osparc.wq.ncsu.edu/info/bmps.html City of Austin, Texas, March, 2004, Environmental Criteria Manual. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1992, Virginia Erosion and Sedimentation Control Handbook, Thrid Edition. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. August 2009 Erosion Control - 11 Page 3 of 5 5-83 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Outlet Protection, Velocity Dissipation Devices Photos Schematic of culvert outlet protection. Courtesy of CALTRANS Drainage outlet protection to the shoulder of a highway. 5-84 Erosion Control - 11 Page 4 of 5 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Outlet Protection, Velocity Dissipation Devices Drawing August 2009 Erosion Control - 11 Page 5 of 5 5-85 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-86 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices EC-12Surface Roughening DEFINITION A temporary erosion control practice often used in conjunction with grading. Soil roughening involves increasing the relief of a bare soil surface with horizontal grooves, stair-stepping (running parallel to the contour of the land), or tracking using construction equipment. Slopes that are not fine graded and that are left in a roughened condition can also reduce erosion. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - moderate Associated Costs Most effective when used with: EC-2 Mulching to establish vegetation EC-9 Diversion Dikes to divert flow away from the slope H M Implementation X Maintenance X Training X Target Pollutants Removal H M L L Oil and Grease X For inaccessible slopes/areas, use EC-1 Erosion Control Mats Nutrients X For slopes or loose soils, use EC-4 Pipe Slope Drains Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X Alternative BMPs: Sediment X FIGURES Photos/Sketches EC-12 Surface Roughening Photos CAD Drawings Stair-Stepping Cut Slopes and Grooving Slopes August 2009 Erosion Control - 12 Page 1 of 6 5-87 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Soil roughening reduces runoff velocity, increases infiltration, reduces erosion, traps sediment, and prepares the soil for seeding and planting by giving seed an opportunity to take hold and grow. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Soil roughening is appropriate for slopes up to 3:1 or higher than 5 vertical feet, on piles of excavated soil, and in areas with highly erodible soils. This technique is especially appropriate for soils that are frequently mowed or disturbed because roughening is relatively easy to accomplish. To slow erosion, roughening should be done as soon as possible after the vegetation has been removed from the slope. Roughening can be used with both seeding and planting and temporary mulching to stabilize an area. For steeper slopes and slopes that will be left roughened for longer periods of time, a combination of surface roughening and vegetation is appropriate. Alternatively consider terracing along steep slopes. Roughening should be performed immediately after grading activities have ceased (temporarily or permanently) in an area. LIMITATIONS • Soil roughening is not appropriate for rocky slopes. • Soil compaction might occur when roughening with tracked machinery. • Soil roughening is of limited effectiveness in anything more than a gentle or shallow depth rain. • If roughening is washed away in a heavy storm, the surface will have to be re-roughened and re-seeded or revegetated. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Graded areas with smooth, hard surfaces give a false impression of "finished grading" and a job well done. It is difficult to establish vegetation on such surfaces due to reduced water infiltration and the potential for erosion. Rough slope surfaces with uneven soil and rocks left in place may appear unattractive or unfinished at first, but they encourage water infiltration, speed the establishment of vegetation, and decreased runoff velocity. Rough, loose soil surfaces give lime, fertilizer, and seed some natural coverage. Niches in the surface provide microclimates which generally provide a cooler and more favorable moisture level than hard flat surfaces; this aids seed germination. There are different methods for achieving a roughened soil surface on a slope, and the selection of an appropriate method depends upon the type of slope. Roughening methods include stair- 5-88 Erosion Control - 12 Page 2 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices step grading, grooving, and tracking. Factors to be considered in choosing a method are slope steepness, mowing requirements, and whether the slope is formed by cutting or filling. 1. Disturbed areas which will not require mowing may be stair-step graded, grooved, or left rough after filling. 2. Stair-step grading is particularly appropriate in soils containing large amounts of soft rock. Each "step" catches material which sloughs from above, and provides a level site where vegetation can become established. Stairs should be wide enough to work with standard earth moving equipment. 3. Areas which will be mowed should have slopes less than 3:1 and may have small furrows left by discing, harrowing, raking, or seed-planting machinery operated on the contour. 4. It is important to avoid excessive compacting of the soil surface when scarifying. Tracking with bulldozer treads is preferable to not roughening at all, but is not as effective as other forms of roughening, as the soil surface is severely compacted and runoff is increased. For longer slopes or where heavy equipment cannot operate, consider using Erosion Control Mats, and Pipe Slope Drains. Surface roughening is most effective when used with Mulching to establish vegetation or Diversion Dikes to divert flow away from the slope. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Graded areas with slopes greater than 3:1 but less than 2:1 should be roughened before seeding. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways, including "track walking," or driving a crawler tractor up and down the slope, in leaving a pattern of cleat imprints parallel to slope contours. Graded areas steeper than 2:1 should be stair-stepped with benches as shown in the CAD drawing. The stair-stepping will help vegetation become established and also trap soil eroded from the slopes above. As slopes become steeper, benches can be widened to terraces. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION Areas need to be inspected after storms, since roughening might need to be repeated. Regular inspection of roughened slopes will indicate where additional erosion and sediment control measures are needed. If rills (small watercourses that have steep sides and are usually only a few inches deep) appear, they should be filled, graded again, and reseeded immediately. Proper dust control methods should be used. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. August 2009 Erosion Control - 12 Page 3 of 6 5-89 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm North Carolina State University, (NCSU) North Carolina Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Measures. Measures. http://h2osparc.wq.ncsu.edu/info/bmps.html North Carolina Department of Transportation, August 2003, Best Management Practices for Construction and Maintenance Activities, Chapter 5.0 “Operation Best Management Practices”, http://www.doh.dot.state.nc.us/operations/BMP_manual/ Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. 5-90 Erosion Control - 12 Page 4 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Surface Roughening Photos Creating a roughened soil surface can reduce runoff velocities and increase infiltration. Courtesy of Douglas County August 2009 Erosion Control - 12 Page 5 of 6 5-91 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Surface Roughening Drawing 5-92 Erosion Control - 12 Page 6 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices SPCSediment and Pollutant Control Sediment and pollutant control includes methods for separating and containing suspended sediment and other construction related pollutants from the stormwater before the water leaves the project site and enters a strom drain inlet or a receiving natural water body. These methods involve constructing organic, sand, and rock barriers to filter sediment-laden runoff, protecting storm drain inlets, and constructing settling ponds. If a pre-manufactured product is to be implemented on a site for sediment or pollutant control, the contractor should always follow the manufacturer’s installation and maintenance recommendations as the primary reference for implementation. SPC-1 Organic Filter Barrier SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier SPC-3 Gravel Filter Berms SPC-4 Check Dams SPC-5 Silt Fence SPC-6 Revegetation SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-8 Temporary Sediment Basins SPC-9 Temporary Sediment Traps SPC-10 Sediment Dewatering Operations VENDOR PRODUCTS See VENDOR LIST for Sediment and Pollutant Control BMPs. Disclaimer Any hyperlinks in the vendor products table will direct you out of the Flood Control District of Maricopa County (FCDMC) domain. FCDMC is providing the following vendor information for possible assistance to any interested parties, but does not necessarily endorse any of the information or products provided by the vendors. August 2009 Erosion Control - 12 Page 6 of 6 5-93 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTETIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-94 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices SPC-1Organic Filter Barrier DEFINITION A temporary linear sediment barrier consisting of straw bales or similar material, designed to intercept and slow sediment-laden sheet flow runoff. Organic filter barriers allow sediment to settle from runoff before water leaves the construction site. Organic filter barriers include straw bales, storm wattles, and other organic filter berms. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - moderate Excavated Areas (trenches, pits, etc.) - high Perimeter and Access Controls - high Associated Costs H Implementation X Maintenance X Most effective when used with: SPC-8 Temporary Sediment Basins SPC-9 Temporary Sediment Traps Alternative BMPs: For higher flows or paved surfaces, consider rock socks detailed under SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier. Training Target Pollutants Removal M L X H M L Oil and Grease X Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material X Metals Other Construction Waste X X FIGURES Photos/Sketches SPC-1 Organic Filter Barrier Photos CAD Drawings Organic Filter Barrier August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 1 Page 1 of 7 5-95 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Organic filter barriers reduce runoff velocity and cause deposition of the transported sediment load. They are well suited to sites with small disturbed drainage areas that are not subjected to concentrated flows and that will ultimately be seeded, sodded, or landscaped. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Organic filter barriers are useful where there are no concentrations of water in a channel or drainage way, and where erosion would occur from sheet flow. These barriers are typically constructed: • Along the perimeter of a site, around stockpiles, and parallel to a roadway to keep sediment off paved areas. • Along streams and channels and across minor swales or ditches with small catchments. • Below the toe of exposed and erodible slopes and down slope of exposed soil areas. • Around above grade type temporary concrete washouts. LIMITATIONS Of all the organic filter barriers, straw bale barriers may be the most limited in erosion control and sediment loading reduction. The following limitations are associated with straw bale barriers. • Suitable only for sheet flow on slopes of 2 percent (%) or flatter and are not appropriate for drainage areas greater than one acre. Cannot be used in areas of concentrated flow, channel flow, and live streams. • Installation and maintenance can be labor intensive. • Degraded straw bales may fall apart when removed or left in place for extended periods due to rotting. • Bale bindings of jute or cotton are not recommended. • Straw bale barriers are not efficient on paved surfaces. • Straw bale barriers are not to be used for drain inlet protection. • Can be an attractive food source for some animals and may intoduce some undesirable non-native plants to the area. 5-96 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 1 Page 2 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Optimal efficiency of organic filter barriers can be achieved through careful maintenance with special attention to replacing rotted or broken bales. Barriers should be constructed on a level contour to prevent concentration of flow against a small portion of the barrier. Organic filter barriers are additionally more efficient when used in conjunction with Temporary Sediment Basins and Temporary Sediment Traps. Consider using rock socks under Sand Bag Barrier for higher flows or paved surfaces. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND PECIFICATIONS Installation • Organic filter barriers must be installed in a trench and tightly abut adjacent bales along a line of constant elevation (along a contour line) if possible, with the last organic filter barrier turned up slope. • Construct organic filter barriers with a set-back of at least 3 feet (ft) from the toe of a slope. Where it is determined not to be practical due to specific site conditions, the organic filter barrier may be constructed at the toe of the slope, but should be constructed as far from the toe of the slope as practical • Limit the drainage area upstream of the barrier to 0.25 acre/100ft of barrier and the maximum flow to any 20 foot section to less than 1 cubic feet per second (cfs). • Limit the slope length draining to the organic filter barrier to 100 ft for average slopes of 2V:100H (2%) or flatter. • If the slope exceeds 1V:10H (10%), the length of slope upstream of the barrier must be less than 50 ft. • Organic filter barriers may be seeded with a seed loading of 1 pound (lb) per 10 linear feet for small berms or 2.25 lbs per 10 linear foot for larger berms. Specifications See Organic Filter Barrier Drawing for the required dimensions of organic filter barriers as described below. • Size: Each organic filter barrier should be a minimum of 14” wide, 18” high, 36” long and should have a minimum weight of about 50 lbs. Alternatively, organic filter barriers can be trapezoidal or triangular in shape. Organic filter barriers can either be comprosed entirely of straw (i.e. straw bale), or constructed of a mixture of 50% compost and 50% wood mulch (untreated woodchips less than 5 inches in length, 95% passing a 2 inch screen, and less than 30% passing a 1 inch screen.) • Bindings: Barrier should be bound by steel wire, nylon or polypropylene string placed horizontally. Jute and cotton binding should not be used. Baling wire should August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 1 Page 3 of 7 5-97 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices be a minimum diameter of 0.06 inches. Nylon or polypropylene string should be approximately 0.08 inches in diameter with a breaking strength of no less than 80 lbforce. • Stakes: Wood stakes should be commercial quality lumber of the size and shape shown on the plans. Each stake should be free from decay, splits or cracks longer than the thickness of the stake, or other defects that would weaken the stakes and cause the stakes to be structurally unsuitable. Steel bar reinforcement should be equal to a number four designation or greater. End protection should be provided for any exposed bar reinforcement. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Inspect organic filter barriers before and after each rainfall event, and weekly throughout the rainy season for sediment accumulations and remove sediment when depth reaches one-third the barrier height. • Replace or repair damage barriers as needed. Remove barriers or dismantle as mulching when no longer needed. Remove sediment accumulation, and clean, re-grade, and stabilize the area. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS There are no post construction uses for organic filter barriers, but filter barriers can be dismantled and used as mulching for erosion control purposes when a filter barrier is no longer needed. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. Fifield, J.S., 2002, Field Manual on Sediment and Erosion Control, Forester Press, Santa Barbara CA. Kamber Engineering Gaithersberg, Maryland, April, 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA. 5-98 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 1 Page 4 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices City of Austin, Texas, March, 2004, Environmental Criteria Manual. City of Bellevue, Washington, 1990, Water Quality for Construction Businesses, First Edition, Storm and Surface Water Utility. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 1 Page 5 of 7 5-99 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Organic Filter Barrier Photos Properly staked organic filter barrier. Storm wattle (wrapped). Courtesy of Kristar Use of an organic filter barrier in the highway median. 5-100 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 1 Page 6 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Organic Filter Barrier Drawing August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 1 Page 7 of 7 5-101 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-102 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices SPC-2Sand Bag Barrier DEFINITION A temporary berm constructed of stacked sandbags, along the perimeter of a site, installed across a channel, or along the right of way in a disturbed area. The sandbags may be filled with pea-sized gravel to enhance filtration. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - moderate Excavated Areas (trenches, pits, etc.) - high Perimeter and Access Controls - high Associated Costs H Implementation X Maintenance X Most effective when used with: An Erosion Control (EC) BMP Training Target Pollutants Removal Alternative BMPs: If the berm is to be permanent, consider using SPC-4 Check Dams If used for storm drain inlet protection, consider other methods under SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection M L X H M L Oil and Grease X Nutrients X Sediment Floatable Material X X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier Photos CAD Drawings Sand Bag Barrier August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 2 Page 1 of 6 5-103 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE A sandbag barrier is designed to intercept and slow the flow of sediment-laden runoff. Sandbag barriers allow sediment to settle from runoff before water leaves the construction site. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Sandbag berms may be used during construction activities when the contributing areas is less than 5 acres. Sandbag berms may also be used to create temporary sediment traps, retention basins and in place of straw bales or silt fences. They are also useful for storm drain protection because they do not need to be anchored down to the paved surfaces. Two main applicable areas include: Perimeter control • These areas include the entire construction site boundary, around stockpiles, along streams and channels, across channels to serve as a barrier for utility trenches, parallel to a roadway to keep sediment off paved areas, and along the perimeter of vehicle and equipment fueling and maintenance areas or chemical storage areas. • Furthermore, sand bag barriers are useful when site conditions or construction sequencing require adjustments or relocation of the barrier to meet changing field conditions and needs during construction, and to temporarily close or continue broken, damaged or incomplete curbs. Temporary diversion structure • Sand bag barriers can be used as a temporary diversion structure below the toe of exposed and erodible slopes and down slope of exposed soil areas. They can also be used as a temporary sediment/desilting basin. LIMITATIONS • Limit the drainage area upstream of the barrier to 10 acres or less. • Degraded sandbags may rupture when removed, spilling sand. • Sandbag barrier installation can be labor intensive. • Sandbag barriers have limited durability for long-term projects. • When used to detain concentrated flows, maintenance requirements of sandbags increases. 5-104 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 2 Page 2 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Sandbag barriers are appropriate to use when construction of check dams in a channel is unnecessary. They can provide the same function as a check dam without disturbing the stream or vegetation. The sandbag barrier can also retain sediment prior to construction of final detention basins. For lower flows and paved surfaces, consider using rock socks (described below in Recommended Standards and Specifications). Small rock socks are easier to handle and cause less traffic probems than sand bags. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Materials • Sandbags: The bag should be made of woven polypropylene, polyethylene or polyamide fabric, minimum unit weight 4 ounces per square yard, mullen burst strength exceeding 300 psi in conformance with the requirements in ASTM designation D3786, and ultraviolet stability exceeding 70% in conformance with the requirements in ASTM designation D4355. Use of burlap is not acceptable. Bag dimensions are nominal, and may vary based on locally available materials. Sand-filled bags should generally are 24-30 inches long, 16-18 inches wide, 6-8 inches thick, and weigh approximately 90-125 pounds. The choice of fill material depends on the objectives that are desired from the sand bag barriers. If fine grained sand is used as fill material, the sand bag barrier will provide a barrier and act as a diversion dike. If coarser grained materials are used (i.e. pea-sized gravel), the barrier will allow flow to pass through and act more as a sediment filter. • Rock socks: An alternative to sand bags, are rock socks, which are more elongated that sand bags and contain pea-size rock. A rock sock should be made of a loosely woven material, such as burlap, when used for filtration. A tighter weave, such as a geotextile, is better for diversion. Note that burlap rock socks are not as sturdy as geotextile ones, but can be recycled on site since they quickly biodegrade. Installation • When used as a linear sediment control: • Install along a level contour. • Turn ends of sandbag row up slope to prevent flow around the ends. • Generally, sandbag barriers should be used in conjunction with temporary soil stabilization controls up slope to provide effective erosion and sediment control. • Sandbag barriers should be set back at least 3 feet from the toe of a slope where practical. August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 2 Page 3 of 6 5-105 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Inspect sandbag barriers before and after each rainfall event, and weekly throughout the rainy season. • Reshape or replace sandbags as needed. • Inspect sandbag barriers for sediment accumulations and remove sediments when accumulation reaches one-third the barrier height. • Remove sandbags when no longer needed. Remove sediment accumulation, and clean, re-grade, and stabilize the area. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention, January 1993, Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, March 2003. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm Environmental Protection Agency, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II, December 1999. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm SMRC, Stormwater Manager’s Resource Center, Center for Watershed Protection, Inc. http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ Fifield, J.S., Field Manual on Sediment and Erosion Control, 2002, Forester Press, Santa Barbara CA. 5-106 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 2 Page 4 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Sand Bag Barrier Photos Schematic of sand bag barriers. Courtesy of CALTRANS Schematic of rock socks, often more versatile than sand bags. Courtesy of Island County August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 2 Page 5 of 6 5-107 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Sand Bag Barrier Drawing 5-108 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 2 Page 6 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices SPC-3Gravel Filter Berms DEFINITION A temporary berm constructed of open graded rock or bags of gravel installed at the toe of a slope, or the perimeter of a developing or disturbed area. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - moderate Excavated Areas (trenches, pits, etc.) - high Perimeter and Access Controls - high Associated Costs H Implementation X Maintenance X Most effective when used with: An Erosion Control (EC) BMP Training Target Pollutants Removal Alternative BMPs: If the berm is to be permanent, consider using SPC-4 Check Dams. If used for storm drain inlet protection, consider other methods under SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection. M L X H M L Oil and Grease X Nutrients X Sediment Floatable Material X X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches Gravel Filter Berms Photos CAD Drawings Gravel Filter Berms Drawing August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 3 Page 1 of 6 5-109 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Gravel filter berms are designed to intercept and detain sediment-laden water from an unprotected area, detain the sediment, and release the water in sheet flow. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Where a temporary measure is needed to retain sediments such as: • Near the toe of slopes. • At construction site perimeters. • May be used as check dams across one or more lanes of construction traffic temporary roads, or unsurfaced rights of way subject to construction traffic. LIMITATIONS • Limit the drainage area upstream of the barrier to 5 acres and to gently sloping areas. • Not recommended to be built on landscaped areas due to the difficulty of clean up • Gravel filter berms are only temporary and must be routinely maintained due to clogging from mud and soil on vehicle tires. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS • Construct along a level contour for intercepting sheet flow. • Provide an undisturbed or stabilized outlet suitable for sheet flow. • Allow ample room for sediment removal equipment between the berm and toe-of-slope. • Installation in stream beds requires large rock, staking of woven wire sheathing (gabions), and daily inspection. • For a more vegetated control, consider Organic Filter Barriers. In order to lessen the chance of displaced material, consider Sand Bag Barriers, or Silt Fences. Gravel filter berms are more effective when combined with an erosion control BMP. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Open Graded Rock Open graded rock berms should be built on a level contour, designed for a maximum flow rate of 0.13 cubic feet per second (cfs) per square foot of berm. Use 3/4 to 3 inch diameter rock for sheet flow and 3 to 5 inch diameter rock for concentrated flow. For non-traffic areas, open 5-110 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 3 Page 2 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices graded rock berms should be constructed a minimum of 18 inches high and 24 inches wide, with side slopes of 2:1 or flatter. Woven wire sheathing (poultry netting) is recommended in areas of concentrated flow to keep rocks in place. The wire should be galvanized 20 gauge with 1 inch diameter hexagonal mesh. Provide multiple berms in series: • Every 300 feet on slopes less than 5 percent • Every 200 feet on slopes of 5-10 percent. • Every 100 feet on slopes greater than 10 percent. If the open graded rock berm is constructed in a traffic area, the berm should be a maximum of 12 inches high. Gravel Bag Berms • Gravel bags should be made of woven polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyamide fabric. Bags should have a minimum unit weight of four ounces per square yard, mullen burst strength exceeding 300 pounds per square inch (psi) in conformance with the requirements in ASTM designation D3786, and ultraviolet stability exceeding 70% in accordance with ASTM D4355. Bag dimensions are nominal and may vary based on locally available bags and fill material. Generally, gravel bags are 24-30 inches long, 16-18 inches wide, 68 inches thick, and weigh approximately 90-125 pounds. Alternative bag sizes should be submitted to the site supervisor or engineer for approval prior to installing at the site. The choice of fill material depends on the objectives that are desired from the gravel bag berm. If finer grained material is used (i.e. pea-sized gravel), the berm acts more as a sediment filter and allows a lower flow than if coarser grained gravel is used (i.e. 3/4 to 3 inch diameter gravel). • When used as a linear control for sediment removal: • • • Install along a level contour. • Turn the ends of the gravel bag berm up slope to prevent flow around the ends. • Generally, gravel bag barriers should be used in conjunction with temporary soil stabilization controls up slope to provide effective erosion and sediment control. When used for concentrated flows: • Stack gravel bags to required height using a pyramid approach. • Upper rows of gravel bags should overlap joints in lower rows. Construct gravel bag barriers with a set-back of at least 3 ft from the toe of a slope, or as far back as possible if the three foot set back is not physically possible. August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 3 Page 3 of 6 5-111 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Remove retained sediments when depth reaches 1/3 of berm height or 1 foot, whichever occurs first. • Inspect monthly and after each rainfall. Reshape berm as needed, replace lost or dislodged rock. • Remove gravel filter berm at the end of construction POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm City of Austin, Texas, March, 2004, Environmental Criteria Manual. 5-112 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 3 Page 4 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Gravel Filter Berms Photos Gravel filter berms filter sediment-laden water for relatively high flows. Courtesy of Douglas County August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 3 Page 5 of 6 5-113 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Gravel Filter Berms Drawing 5-114 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 3 Page 6 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices SPC-4Check Dams DEFINITION Small barriers consisting of rock, sand bag, or earth berms placed across a drainage swale or ditch. Typically, they are used in conjunction with other channel protection techniques such as vegetation lining and turf reinforcement mats. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - moderate Excavated Areas (trenches, pits, etc.) - high Perimeter and Access Controls - high Channels and Medians - high Associated Costs Most effective when used with: Implementation Maintenance Alternative BMPs: For a more temporary dam, consider SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier M L X X Training Target Pollutants Removal An Erosion Control (EC) BMP H X H M L Oil and Grease X Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material X Metals Other Construction Waste X X FIGURES Photos/Sketches SPC-4 Check Dams Photos CAD Drawings Check Dams Specifications August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 4 Page 1 of 6 5-115 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Check dams reduce the velocity of small concentrated flows, provide a barrier for sediment, and help disperse concentrated flows, thereby reducing potential erosion. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Check dams are appropriate where a temporary measure is needed to retain sediments such as: • Near the toe of slopes. • At construction site perimeters. • May be used as check dams across one or more lanes of construction traffic temporary roads, or unsurfaced rights of way subject to construction traffic. LIMITATIONS • Check dams should not be used in live, flowing streams. They should not be used as a stand-alone substitute for other sediment trapping devices. Do not install check dams in channels, which have already been lined or vegetated. Leaves can clog check dams, thereby reducing their filtering and velocity dissipating functions. • Check dams only perform their function of reducing velocities of concentrated flows and energy if they have been sized and constructed correctly and are maintained properly. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS • Construct along a level contour for intercepting sheet flow. • Provide an undisturbed or stabilized outlet suitable for sheet flow. • Allow ample room for sediment removal equipment between the berm and toe-of-slope. • Installation in stream beds requires large rock, staking of woven wire sheathing, and daily inspection. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS • Check dams should be installed as soon as construction will allow and be used in conjunction with other sediment reduction techniques prior to releasing the flow offsite. • Check dams should be placed at a distance and height to allow small pools to form between each one. Typically, dam height should be between 18 and 36 inches. Dams should be spaced such that the top of the downstream dam is the same elevation as the toe of the upstream dam. Place check dams along the same contour line, perpendicular to the flow of water. 5-116 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 4 Page 2 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices • Major flows (greater than 2 year design storm) must pass the check dam without causing excessive upstream flooding. • Use geotextile filter fabric under check dams exceeding 18 inches in height. Three main types of check dams: 1. Rock Check Dam - usually the simplest and least expensive option. • Stone should be well graded with a size range from 1.5 to 3.5 inches in diameter, depending on expected flows • Rock check dams should be triangular in cross section with side slopes of 1:1 or flatter on the upstream side and 2:1 or flatter on the downstream side. 2. Sand Bag Check Dam - are lighter and more manageable than rock dams. • Sand bag check dams should have a maximum flow through rate of 0.1 cubic feet per second (cfs) per square foot of surface with a minimum top width of 16 inches and bottom width of 48 inches. Bags should be filled with clean coarse sand, pea gravel, or filter stone. • Bag should be 24-30 inches long, 16-18 inches wide, 6-8 inches thick, and approximately 40 pounds in weight. • Bag material should be polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, or cotton burlap woven fabric, minimum unit weight of four ounces per square yard, Mullen burst strength exceeding 300 pounds per square inch (psi) as determined by ASTM D3786. • PVC pipes may be installed through the sand bag dam near the top to allow for controlled flow through the dam. Pipe should be schedule 40 or heavier, having a nominal internal diameter of 4 inches. 3. Geotextile-Encased Check Dam (or Triangular Silt Dike) - may provide the most effective filtration of sediment laden water. • Consist of a triangular urethane foam sewn into a woven geosynthetic fabric. Dimensions include 10-14 inches high in the center, with a 20-28 inch base. A 2 foot apron extends beyond both sides of the triangle along its standard section of 7 feet. A sleeve at one end of one section can be overlapped and stapled with an adjacent section. • Install with ends curved up to prevent water from flowing around the ends. • The fabric flaps and check dam units are attached to the ground with wire staples. Wire staples should be No. 11 gauge wire and should be 8 to 12 inches long. August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 4 Page 3 of 6 5-117 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County • Erosion Control: Best Management Practices The leading edge must be secured with rocks, sandbags, or a small key slot and staples. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Check dams should be inspected after each storm event to ensure continued effectiveness. During inspection, large debris, trash, and leaves should be removed. The center of a check dam should always be slightly lower than its edges. If erosion or heavy flows cause the edges of a dam to fall to a height equal to or below the height of the center, repairs should be made immediately. • Accumulated sediment should be removed from the upstream side of a check dam when the sediment has reached a height of approximately one-half the original height of the dam (measured at the center). In addition, all accumulated sediment should also be removed prior to removing a check dam. • Removal of a check dam should be completed only after the contributing drainage area has been completely stabilized. Permanent vegetation and mulching should replace areas from where the check dam has been removed. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. Kamber Engineering Gaithersberg, Maryland, April, 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. 5-118 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 4 Page 4 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Check Dams Photos Check dams can be constructed of crushed rock material from the construction project. Courtesy of Newfoundland Check dams are most effective when placed in series. Courtesy of NCDOT August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 4 Page 5 of 6 5-119 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Check Dams Drawing 5-120 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 4 Page 6 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices SPC-5Silt Fence DEFINITION A geotextile fabric stretched between either wooden or metal posts with the lower edge of the fabric securely embedded in the soil. The fence is typically located downstream of disturbed areas to intercept sheet flow runoff. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - moderate Excavated Areas (trenches, pits, etc.) - high Perimeter and Access Controls - high Associated Costs Most effective when used with: An Erosion Control (EC) BMP Implementation Maintenance M L X X Training Target Pollutants Removal Alternative BMPs: H X H M L Oil and Grease X EC-9 Diversion Dikes Nutrients X SPC-1 Organic Filter Barrier Sediment SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier Floatable Material SPC-3 Gravel Filter Berms Metals SPC-6 Revegetation Other Construction Waste X X X X SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection FIGURES Photos/Sketches Silt Fence Photos CAD Drawings Silt Fence Drawing August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 5 Page 1 of 8 5-121 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE There are two main purposes for silt fences: • To intercept and detain small amounts of sediment from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to prevent sediment from leaving the site. • To decrease the velocity of sheet flows and low-to-moderate level channel flows. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Silt fences, as the name implies, are more effective with sandy or silty soil types. For very fine grained soils, such as clays, a soils engineer should confirm the suitability of a silt fence for that area. Silt fences are generally applicable to construction sites with relatively small drainage areas. Silt fences are not intended for use in detaining concentrated flows. They are appropriate where runoff is a low-level shallow flow, not exceeding 0.5 cubic foot per second (cfs). The drainage area for silt fences generally should not exceed 0.25 acre per 100 feet (ft) of fence length. Slope length above the fence should not exceed 100 ft. Silt fences may be used: • Below disturbed areas where runoff may occur in the form of sheet and rill erosion; wherever runoff has the potential to impact downstream resources. • Parallel to minor swales or ditch lines for up to one acre of contributing drainage areas. • For both site development areas and linear roadway type projects. LIMITATIONS • Silt fences are less effective in areas with predominately clay soil types. • Silt fences will create a temporary sedimentation pond on the upstream side of the fence, which may cause temporary flooding. • Silt fences are not practical for large flows. Drainage areas should be restricted to less than one acre and a flow rate less than 0.5 cfs. Do not allow water depth to exceed 1.5 ft at any point in front of the silt fence. • Silt fences may not filter runoff effectively if the pore size of the fabric is incorrectly selected. Improperly installed fences are subject to failure from undercutting, overtopping, or collapsing. 5-122 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 5 Page 2 of 8 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS If the site contains a high content of clays, consult a soils engineer before installing a silt fence. The Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council has shown that silt fences can trap a much higher percentage of suspended sediments than straw bales can. Silt fences are preferable to straw barriers in many cases. However, while the failure rate of silt fences is lower than that of straw barriers, there are many instances locally in which silt fences have been improperly installed. The installation methods outlined here can improve performance. • Anchor the site fence fabric below the ground surface sufficiently to prevent flow from undercutting the fence. • Construct along a level contour. • Silt fences should remain in place until the disturbed area is permanently stabilized. • Provide sufficient room for sediment removal equipment between the silt fence and toes of slopes or other obstructions. • The ends of the filter fence should be turned uphill to prevent stormwater from flowing around the fence. • Provide an undisturbed or stabilized outlet suitable for sheet flow. • Do not construct in live streams or intermittently flowing channels. As alternatives to silt fences, consider using the following: Diversion Dikes, Organic Filter Barrier, Gravel Filter Berms, Sand Bag Barrier, Revegetation, or Storm Drain Inlet Protection. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Materials Selection of a filter fabric is based on soil conditions at the construction site, which affect the equivalent opening size (EOS) fabric specification, and characteristics of the support fence, which affect the choice of tensile strength. The designer should specify a filter fabric that retains the soil found on the construction site yet will have openings large enough to permit drainage and prevent clogging. If 50 percent (%) or less of the soil, by weight, passes through US Standard Sieve No. 200, select the EOS that will retain 85% of the soil, by weight. In addition, consider the following recommendations in the table below during the selection of the equivalent opening size: August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 5 Page 3 of 8 5-123 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices US Standard Sieve No. Sieve hole size, inches Comments / EOS Recommendations 70 0.0083 The EOS should not be larger than the openings of US Sieve No. 70 100 0.0059 If there is direct discharge to a stream, lake, or wetland, then the EOS should not be greater than the openings of US Sieve No. 100 200 0.0029 If greater than 85% of the soil passes this sieve hole size, by weight, do not use silt fences. Most of the particles in such a soil would not be retained if the EOS was too large or they would clog the fabric quickly if the EOS was too small. Consider Temporary Sediment Basins as an alternative BMP. Fabric fences are supported with wire mesh, as recommended by the fabric manufacturer. Filter fabric material should contain ultraviolet ray inhibitors and stabilizers to provide a minimum of six months of expected usable life at a temperature range of 0° F. to 120° F. Installation The following drainage and topographical characteristics of the site should be considered before installing silt fences. • Upstream drainage area limited to 1 acre or less when used alone or in combination with sediment basin in a larger site. • Maximum slope steepness perpendicular to fence line is 1:1. • Maximum sheet or overland flow path length to the fence is 100 feet. • Silt fences are not intended for concentrated flows greater than 0.5 cfs. Filter fences are to be constructed, as described below, on a level contour to maximize the available ponding area and prevent concentration of flow against the fence. 5-124 • Posts should be spaced a maximum of 6 feet apart and driven securely into the ground a minimum of 30 inches. • A trench should be excavated approximately 8 inches wide and 12 inches deep along the line of posts and upslope from the barrier. • When standard strength filter fabric is used, a wire mesh support fence should be fastened securely to the upslope side of the posts using heavy-duty wire staples at least 1 inch long, tie wires or hog rings. The wire should extend into the trench a minimum of 4 inches. Sediment and Pollutant Control - 5 Page 4 of 8 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices • The standard strength filter fabric should be stapled or wired to the fence, and 20 inches of the fabric should extend into the trench. When extra-strength filter fabric and closer post spacing are used, the wire mesh support fence may be eliminated and the filter fabric stapled or wired directly to the posts. • The use of joints should be avoided. When joints are necessary, filter cloth should be spliced together only at a support post, with a minimum 6-inch overlap and both ends securely fastened to the post. • The trench should be backfilled with 3/4-inch minimum diameter washed gravel or compacted native material. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION Silt fences should be inspected regularly and frequently as well as after each rainfall event to ensure that they are intact and that there are no gaps at the fence-ground interface or tears along the length of the fence. If gaps or tears are found, they should be repaired or the fabric should be replaced immediately. Accumulated sediments should be removed from the fence base when the sediment reaches one-third to one-half the height of the fence. Sediment removal should occur more frequently if accumulated sediment is creating noticeable strain on the fabric and there is the possibility of the fence failing from a sudden storm event. Silt fences should not be removed until the upslope area has been permanently stabilized. When the silt fence is removed, the accumulated sediment also should be removed. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. North Carolina Department of Transportation, August 2003, Best Management Practices for Construction and Maintenance Activities, Chapter 5.0 “Operation Best Management August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 5 Page 5 of 8 5-125 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Practices”. http://www.doh.dot.state.nc.us/operations/BMP_manual/ Center for Watershed Protection, Inc., Stormwater Manager’s Resource Center (SMRC). http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ Fifield, J.S., 2002, Field Manual on Sediment and Erosion Control, Forester Press, Santa Barbara CA. Kamber Engineering Gaithersberg, Maryland, April, 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA. City of Austin, Texas, March, 2004, Environmental Criteria Manual. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. 5-126 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 5 Page 6 of 8 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Silt Fence Photos Silt fences can span the entire length of a construction site when installed properly. August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 5 Page 7 of 8 5-127 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Silt Fence Drawing 5-128 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 5 Page 8 of 8 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices SPC-6Revegetation DEFINITION Revegetation consists of an area of trees, shrubs, vines, and ground covers that create a buffer or a groundcover between a disturbed construction area and neighboring areas, particularly natural water bodies. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - high Excavated Areas (trenches, pits, etc.) - high Perimeter and Access Controls - high Channels and Medians - high Landscaping and Vegetation - high Associated Costs Most effective when used with: Target Pollutants Removal An Erosion Control (EC) BMP H Implementation Maintenance M X X Training X H M Oil and Grease Alternative BMPs: L L X Nutrients X EC-8 Temporary Access Waterway Crossing Sediment X SPC-1 Organic Filter Barrier Floatable Material SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier Metals SPC-3 Gravel Filter Berms Other Construction Waste X X X SPC-4 Check Dams FIGURES SPC-5 Silt Fence SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Photos/Sketches SPC-6 Revegetation Photos CAD Drawings None August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 6 Page 1 of 6 5-129 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Revegetating buffers can provide superior, low maintenance, long-term erosion protection, and can often result in a more stable and aesthetically pleasing development. Vegetation stabilizes the soil and help prevent erosion, decrease stormwater runoff, moderate temperature, provide buffers and screens, filter pollutants from the air, supply oxygen, and provide habitat for wildlife. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Revegetation can be applied in any area that is able to support vegetation, but it is most effective and beneficial on floodplains, near wetlands, along streambanks, and on steep, unstable slopes. Vegetation is also effective in separating land use areas that are not compatible and in protecting wetlands or waterbodies by displacing activities that might be potential sources of nonpoint source pollution. Trees, shrubs, vines, ground covers, and seeding should be applied: • On steep or rocky slopes • Along drainage swales and drainage dikes • Around sediment basins to provide nutrient removal • Where soil conservation is necessary (i.e. roughened slopes) • Where attractive landscaping cover is desirable • Where onsite dust control is necessary • To establish a wildlife habitat LIMITATIONS Construction activities can easily injure or kill trees and shrubs unless adequate protective measures are taken. Direct contact by equipment is the most obvious problem, but damage can also occur by root stress due to filling, excavating, or compacting too close to trees. See Protection of Trees and Vegetation in Construction Areas for ways to protect vegetation on the construction site. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS • Plants and ground cover can be used on cut-and-fill slopes adjacent to paved areas of shopping centers, schools, industrial parks, or other non-residential projects. They will also help to control foot traffic. • Trees, shrubs, vines, or ground covers may be planted in residential areas, along rightsof-way, or easements to reduce maintenance and improve appearance. 5-130 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 6 Page 2 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County • Erosion Control: Best Management Practices The Arizona Department of Water Resources has an approved plant list for Maricopa County of low water use plants, refer to the Drought Tolerant/Low Water Use Plant List on the ADWR website (www.water.az.gov/adwr/content/conservation/LowWaterPlantLists/). Native vegetation is compatible with surrounding desert habitat. Consult a local nursery for recommended plant species and growing tips. The following steps will help insure good plant growth: • Dig the holes 1/3 larger than the plant root ball. • Use good topsoil or soil mixture with a lot of organics. • Fill hole 1/3 to 1/2 full, shake plants to settle soil among roots, then water. • Leave saucer-shaped depression around the plant to hold water. • Water thoroughly and regularly. • Space plants according to plant type and coverage desired. Trees: Some desirable characteristics to consider in selecting existing trees to be protected include: tree vigor, tree species, tree age, tree size and shape, and use as a wildlife food source and habitat. Trees to be saved should be clearly marked so that no construction activity will take place within the drip line of the tree. At the same time as existing trees are being selected for salvage and protection on site, new plantings should be considered. The site where they will be planted should be evaluated. Consider the prior use of the land: adverse soil conditions such as poor drainage or acidity; exposure to wind; temperature extremes; location of utilities, paved areas, and security lighting and traffic problems. Transplanting Trees: • Time of Year - Late fall through winter (November to February) is the preferred time for planting trees. • Tree preparation - Proper digging of a tree includes the conservation of as much of the root system as possible. Soil adhering to the roots should be damp when the tree is dug, and kept moist until planting. The soil ball should be 12 inches in diameter for each inch of diameter of the trunk. • Site preparation - Refer to landscape plans and specifications for site and soil preparation. • Supporting the tree - Newly planted trees need artificial support to prevent excessive swaying. August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 6 Page 3 of 6 5-131 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County • Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Watering - Soil around the tree should be thoroughly watered after the tree is set in place. When the soil becomes dry, the tree should be watered deeply, but not often. Mulching around the base of the tree is helpful in preventing roots from drying out. Shrubs: • Follow the general procedure for tree planting when planting shrubs. Vines and Ground Cover: • Site preparation - Ground covers are plants that naturally grow very close together, causing severe competition for space nutrients and water. Soil for ground covers should be well prepared. • The entire area should be spaded, disced, or roto-tilled to a depth of six to eight inches. Two to three inches of organic material, such as good topsoil or peat, should be spread over the entire area. Seeding: • Climate, soils, and topography are major factors that dictate the suitability of the types of vegetation to seed. The soil on a disturbed site might require nutrient or mineral amendments to provide sufficient nutrients for seed germination and growth. The surface soil should be loose enough for water infiltration and root penetration. Soil pH should be between 6.0 and 6.5 and can be increased with liming if soils are too acidic. Seeds can be protected with mulch to retain moisture, regulate soil temperatures, and prevent soil loss during seedling establishment. Consult a local nursery for growing conditions for particular species of plants. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Materials There are many different species of plants from which to choose, but care must be taken in their selections. It is essential to select planting materials suited to both the intended use and specific site characteristics. Vegetative plans must include close-growing plants or an adequate mulch with all plantings of trees, shrubs, vines, and ground covers. There are many species of plants that may be used for erosion purposes. The plants discussed in this practice are those which are known to be adapted to Maricopa County, and commonly available from commercial nurseries. Information can be obtained from local nurserymen, landscape architects, and extension agents. An approved low water use plant list from the Arizona Department of Water Resources is found on the ADWR website (www.water.az.gov/adwr/content/conservation/LowWaterPlantLists/). RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION Specific maintenance requirements may be listed on landscape plans and specifications. General requirements include: 5-132 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 6 Page 4 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Trees: Young trees should receive an inch of water each week for the first two years after planting. Transplanted trees should be fertilized on an annual basis. Shrubs: Proper pruning, watering, and application of fertilizer is necessary to maintain healthy and vigorous shrubs. A heavy layer of mulch reduces weeds and retains moisture. Vines and Ground Cover: Trim old growth as needed to improve the appearance of ground covers. Seeding: Seeded areas should be inspected for failure or limited growth. If vegetation fails to grow well and the soil has been sufficiently watered, test the soil for low pH or nutrient imbalances. On a typical disturbed site, full plant establishment usually requires refertilization in the second growing season. Soil tests will determine whether additional fertilizer should be added. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS In many cases, revegetation can remain after the construction project has been completed to continue the same functions as described in this BMP. Include revegetated areas with the final site dress-up or landscaping plan. As with any final site landscaping, ongoing maintenance for vegetation including mowing, pruning, watering, fertilizing, and weed and pest control will be necessary after project completion. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm iSWM, integrated Storm Water Management Design Manual for Construction, December 2003, North Central Texas Council of Governments. Center for Watershed Protection, Inc., Stormwater Manager’s Resource Center (SMRC). http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1992, Virginia Erosion and Sedimentation Control Handbook, Thrid Edition. Smolen, M.D., September 1988, North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual, North Carolina Sediment Control Commission, et al. August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 6 Page 5 of 6 5-133 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Revegetation Photos Groundcover reduces the surface area of a site that is exposed to rainfall erosion. 5-134 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 6 Page 6 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices SPC-7Storm Drain Inlet Protection DEFINITION A variety of methods of intercepting sediment at low point inlets through the use of stone, filter fabric, inlet inserts, and other materials. This is normally located at the inlet, providing either detention or filtration to reduce sediment and floatable materials in stormwater. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Inlet Drain Protection - high Channels and Medians - high Perimeter and Access Controls - high Associated Costs H Implementation X Maintenance X Most effective when used with: An Erosion Control (EC) BMP Alternative BMPs: M Training Target Pollutants Removal L X H M L Oil and Grease X SPC-1 Organic Filter Barrier Nutrients X SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier Sediment X SPC-3 Gravel Filter Berms Floatable Material X SPC-5 Silt Fence Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Photos CAD Drawings Filter Fabric Fence Drop Inlet Filter Curb Inlet Protection August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 7 Page 1 of 7 5-135 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Storm drain inlet protection measures prevent soil and debris from site erosion from entering storm drain drop inlets and clogging them. Typically, these measures are temporary controls that are implemented prior to large-scale disturbance of the surrounding site. The early use of storm drains during project development significantly reduces the occurrence of future erosion problems. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Storm drain inlet protection is appropriate where storm drain inlets are to be made operational before permanent stabilization of the disturbed drainage area. There are a variety of types of structures that are applicable to different conditions: • Filter Fabric Fence – applicable where the inlet drains a relatively small (less than 1 acre) flat area (less than 5 percent slope). Intended for relatively low flows. • Excavated Drop Inlet Sediment Trap – intended for relatively high flows. An excavated drop inlet trap provides protections against sediment entering a storm drain inlet can be provided by excavating an area in the approach to the drain. The excavation volume should be approximately 1800 to 3600 cubic feet per acre of disturbed area drained. • Block and Gravel Protection – used when the flows exceed 0.5 cubic feet per second (cfs) and it is necessary to allow for overtopping to prevent flooding around the inlet area. • Foam or Fiber Roll Barriers - use for relatively low flows in areas where they can be anchored to the surface. Most appropriate for inlets on an unpaved surface. LIMITATIONS • Special caution should be exercised when installing inlet protection on publicly traveled streets or in developed areas. • Inlet protection is only viable at low point inlets. Inlets that are on slope can not be effectively protected because stormwater will bypass the inlet and continue downstream, causing an overload on downstream inlets. • Ponding will occur at the inlet with possible short term flooding. • Curb inlets on slopes cannot be effectively protected because the stormwater will bypass the inlet and continue downgrade. • Filter fabric fences are limited to storm drain inlets for small drainage areas of five acres or less. Filter fabric fences are not appropriate in paved areas. For larger drainage areas, smaller sediment catchment areas are recommended. 5-136 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 7 Page 2 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Where storm sewers are made operational before their drainage area is stabilized, or where construction is adjacent to an existing storm sewer, large amounts of sediment may enter the storm sewer system. In cases of extreme sediment loading, the storm sewer itself may clog and lose a major portion of its capacity. To avoid these problems, it is necessary to prevent sediment from entering the system at the inlets. This practice contains several types of inlet filters and traps which have different applications dependent upon site conditions and type of inlet. Other innovative techniques for accomplishing the same purpose are encouraged, but only after specific plans and details are submitted to and approved by the local government. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Install inlet protection in accordance with the following: • Filter fabric fence: Place 2 inch by 2 inch wooden stakes around the perimeter of the inlet a maximum of 3 feet apart and drive them at least 8 inches into the ground. Excavate a trench approximately 8 inches wide and 12 inches deep around the outside perimeter of the stakes. Staple the filter fabric (for material specifications, see SPC-5 Silt Fence to wooden stakes so that 32 inches of the fabric extends out and can be formed into the trench. Use heavy-duty wire staples at least 1/2 inch in length. Backfill the entire trench with 3/4 inch or less washed gravel. • Excavated Drop Inlet Sediment Trap: Construct the inlet trap as shown in the Storm Drain Drop Inlet Protection Drawing. Ensure that the excavation volume can contain approximately 1800 to 3600 cubic feet per acre of disturbed area. • Gravel Bag Filter: If there is a high content of clays and silts, use filter fabric in conjunction with gravel for additional filtering capacity. Construct the gravel bag filter as specified by Gravel Filter Berms. • Foam or Fiber Roll Barrier: Foam or fiber roll is placed around the inlet and must be anchored to the curb surface, so that it is not carried away by runoff flows. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION For systems using filter fabric, inspections should be made on a regular basis, especially after large storm events. If the fabric becomes clogged, it should be replaced. Sediment should be removed when it reaches approximately half the height of the fence. If an excavated inlet sediment trap is used, sediment should be removed when it fills approximately half the depth of the hole. August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 7 Page 3 of 7 5-137 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS Following the completion of construction projects in residential and municipal areas, more permanent drop-inlet protection devices can be installed in storm drain inlets. The link under the Vendor Products section lists several different drop-inlet protection devices. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. North Carolina State University, (NCSU) North Carolina Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Measures. http://h2osparc.wq.ncsu.edu/info/bmps.html Center for Watershed Protection, Inc., Stormwater Manager’s Resource Center (SMRC). http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ Kamber Engineering Gaithersberg, Maryland, April, 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA. Urban Drainage and Flood Control District, Construction BMPs Chapter of Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, Vol. 3: Best Management Practices, 1999 Denver, Colorado. Goldman, S.J., Jackson, K., and Bursztynsky, T.A., 1986, Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, McGraw Hill Book Company. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. Smolen, M.D., September 1988, North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual, North Carolina Sediment Control Commission, et al. 5-138 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 7 Page 4 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Storm Drain Inlet Protection Photos Coarse gravel and cinder blocks are often used to keep sediment and other pollutants out of storm drains. Courtesy of EPA Straw wattle inlet drain protection. Courtesy of Douglas County August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 7 Page 5 of 7 5-139 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Storm Drain Drop Inlet Protection Drawing 5-140 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 7 Page 6 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Storm Drain Curb Inlet Protection Drawing August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 7 Page 7 of 7 5-141 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-142 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices SPC-8Temporary Sediment Basins DEFINITION A pond area formed by constructing an embankment of compacted soil across a drainageway with a controlled outlet in which sedimentary laden runoff is directed to allow settling of suspended sediment from the runoff. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - high Excavated Areas (trenches, pits, etc.) - high Perimeter and Access Controls - high Landscaping and Vegetation - high Associated Costs H Implementation X Most effective when used with: Maintenance X H M Oil and Grease Alternative BMPs: To treat lower flows and volumes than described in this BMP, consider SPC-9 Temporary Sediment Traps L X Nutrients Sediment L X Training Target Pollutants Removal An Erosion Control (EC) BMP M X X Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches SPC-8 Temporary Sediment Basins Photos CAD Drawings Temporary Sediment Basins August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 8 Page 1 of 7 5-143 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE To collect and store sediment from sites cleared and/or graded during construction or for extended periods of time before reestablishment of permanent vegetation and/or construction of structures. It is intended to help treat and control silt-laden runoff. The basin is a temporary measure (with a design life less than 1 year) and is to be maintained until the site area is permanently protected against erosion or a permanent detention basin is constructed. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Sediment basins serve as treatment devices which can be used on a variety of project types. They are normally used in construction projects where: • Large areas of land drain to the basin • A minor stream or off-line drainage way crosses the site • A specific water feature is planned for the site • Disturbed areas are greater than 5 acres during the rainy season • Sediment-laden water may enter the drainage system LIMITATIONS Sediment basins and ponds must be installed only within the property limits where failure of the structure would not result in loss of life, damage to homes or buildings, or interruption of use or service of public roads or utilities. Also, sediment basins and ponds are attractive to children and can be very dangerous. Local ordinances regarding health and safety must be adhered to. If fencing of the pond is required, the type of fence and its location should be shown on the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). • Generally temporary sedimentation basins are for disturbed upstream drainage areas of 5 acres or more. • Because of additional detention time, sediment basins may be capable of trapping smaller sediment particles than traps. However, they are most effective when used in conjunction with other BMPs such as seeding or mulching. • Sediment basins may become attractive to children and care must be taken to adhere to all safety practices. Also, standing water can attract mosquitoes. • Sediment basins are only practically effective in removing sediment down to about the medium silt size fraction. Sediment-laden runoff with smaller size fractions (fine silt and clay) will pass through untreated. This emphasizes the need to control erosion to the maximum extent first, rather than relying on sediment basins alone. 5-144 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 8 Page 2 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Effectiveness • Sediment basins are at best only 70-80 percent effective in trapping sediment which flows into them. Therefore, they should be used in conjunction with erosion control practices such as temporary seeding, mulching, diversion dikes, etc. to reduce the amount of sediment flowing into the basin. • Whenever possible, construct the sedimentation basins before clearing and grading work begins. Location • To improve the effectiveness of the basin, it should be located so as to intercept the largest possible amount of runoff from the disturbed area. The best locations are generally low areas below disturbed areas. Drainage into the basin can be improved by the use of diversion dikes and ditches. The basin must not be located in a stream but should be located to trap sediment-laden runoff before it enters the stream. The basin should not be located where its failure would result in the loss of life or interruption of the use or service of public utilities or roads. The sediment basin should be located more than 25 feet from septic system facilities. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS The sediment basin may be formed by partial excavation and/or by construction of a compacted embankment. It may have one or more inflow points carrying polluted runoff. A securely anchored riser pipe is the principal discharge mechanism along with an emergency overflow spillway. The riser pipe should be solid with two 1-inch diameter dewatering holes located at the top of the sediment storage volume on opposite sides of the riser pipe as shown in the CAD file. Outlet protection is provided to reduce erosion at the pipe outlet. • As a general guideline, the sediment basin volume should be designed for 2,000 cubic feet, assuming limited infiltration. • A hydraulics engineer should be consulted to properly design a sediment basin. Refer to the Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County, Arizona for detailed design guidance. Total sediment pond volume and dimensions are determined as outlined below: • Determine pond geometry for the storage volume calculated above using 3 feet in depth and 3:1 side slopes from the bottom of the basin. Note, the basin bottom is level. • Adjust the geometry of the basin to effectively combine the settling zone volume and sediment storage volumes while preserving the depth and side slope criteria. August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 8 Page 3 of 7 5-145 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices • Provide an emergency spillway with a crest elevation 1 foot above the top of the riser pipe. • A minimum 3:1 length to width ratio is necessary. A larger length to width ratio (6:1) is even more effective to prevent short-circuiting. Baffles may also be implemented. MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Inspect sediment basins before and after rainfall events or exceptionally large storms. • Examine basin banks for seepage and structural soundness. • Check inlet and outlet structures and spillway for any damage, obstructions, or erosion. • Sediment basins should be drained within 36 hours after a rain event. • Remove accumulated sediment when its volume reaches one-third the volume of the sediment storage. Properly dispose of sediment and debris removed from the basin, within the construction site. • Check fencing for damage and repair. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS Sediment basins can be converted to permanent structures after completion of the construction project. Remove all excess sediment from the basin. The containment volume of permanent sediment basins will need to be expanded to meet the design storm requirements in the Maricopa County Drainage Regulations. The inside of a permanent sediment basin should either be vegetated or rock lined. Alternatively, if the permeability of the soil is high and groundwater is close to the ground surface, a clay or synthetic liner may be installed. Ensure that the sedimentation basin has a stabilized outlet (see EC-11 Outlet Protection, Velocity Dissipation Devices). REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water 5-146 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 8 Page 4 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. Center for Watershed Protection, Inc., Stormwater Manager’s Resource Center (SMRC). http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ Kamber Engineering Gaithersberg, Maryland, April, 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA. Goldman, S.J., Jackson, K., and Bursztynsky, T.A., 1986, Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, McGraw Hill Book Company. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. Flood Control District of Maricopa County (FCDMC), 2003, Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County, Volume II, Hydraulics. August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 8 Page 5 of 7 5-147 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Temporary Sediment Basins Photos Temporary sediment basin with outlet protection. Temporary sediment basins provide strormwater storage during the construction process. 5-148 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 8 Page 6 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Temporary Sediment Basins Drawing August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 8 Page 7 of 7 5-149 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-150 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices SPC-9Temporary Sediment Traps DEFINITION A sediment trap is a temporary containment area that allows sediment in collected stormwater to settle out during infiltration or before the runoff is discharged through a stabilized spillway. Sediment traps are formed by excavating or constructing an earthen embankment across a waterway or low drainage area. Sediment traps are smaller and less expensive to install than sediment basins, but generally settle out coarser particles than sediment basins. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - high Excavated Areas (trenches, pits, etc.) - high Perimeter and Access Controls - high Landscaping and Vegetation - high Associated Costs H Implementation X Most effective when used with: Maintenance X Training X Target Pollutants Removal An Erosion Control (EC) BMP M H M Oil and Grease Alternative BMPs: To treat higher flows and volumes than described in this BMP, consider SPC-8 Temporary Sediment Basins L L X Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches SPC-9 Temporary Sediment Traps Photos CAD Drawings Excavated Drop Inlet Sediment Trap Temporary Sediment Trap August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 9 Page 1 of 7 5-151 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Sediment traps generally remove larger particles (gravel and sand) than sediment basins, and some metals that settle out with the sediment. The trap is a temporary measure (with a design life of approximately 6 months) and is to be maintained until the site area is permanently protected against erosion by vegetation and/or structures. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Sediment traps are generally temporary control measures to slow concentrated runoff velocity and catch sediment, and they can be used with other temporary stormwater control measures. Traps should be placed where sediment laden stormwater enters a storm drain or watercourse. They are commonly used at the outlets of stormwater diversion structures, channels, slope drains, construction site entrance wash racks, or any other runoff conveyance that discharges waters containing erosion sediment and debris. Sediment traps can also be used as part of a stormwater drop intake protection system when the inlet is located below a disturbed area and will receive runoff with large amounts of sediment. Sediment traps may be used on construction projects where the drainage area is less than 5 acres. LIMITATIONS • Requires large surface areas to permit infiltration and settling of sediment. • Not appropriate for drainage areas greater than 5 acres. • Only removes large and medium sized particles and requires upstream erosion control. • Attractive and dangerous to children, and requires protective fencing. • Not to be located in live streams. • Size may be limited by availability of right-of-way. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Sediment traps should be used only for small drainage areas. If the contributing drainage area is greater than 5 acres, refer to SPC-8 Temporary Sediment Basins, or subdivide the catchment area into smaller drainage basins. Sediment must be removed from the trap after each significant rainfall event. Plans should detail how this sediment is to be disposed of, either using in-fill areas onsite or removal to an approved offsiteoffsite dump. Sediment traps, along with other perimeter controls, should be installed before any land disturbance takes place in the drainage area. 5-152 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 9 Page 2 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Sediment traps and ponds must be installed only on sites where failure of the structure would not result in loss of life, damage to home or buildings, or interruption of use of service public roads or utilities. Also, sediment traps are attractive to children and can be dangerous. The following recommendations should be implemented to reduce risks: • Install continuous fencing around the sediment trap. Consult local ordinances regarding requirements for maintaining health and safety. • Restrict sediment trap side slopes to 3:1 or flatter. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS The sediment trap may be formed completely by excavation or by construction of a compacted embankment. The outlet should be a weir/spillway section, with the area below the weir acting as a filter for sediment and the upper area as the overflow spillway depth. The effectiveness of sediment traps is directly related to the size of the trap. As a general guideline, based on soil and slope characteristics, the recommended sediment trap volume is approximately 2,000 cubic feet per acre of disturbed upstream drainage area for drainage areas of 5 acres or less. The required volume can be reduced if additional erosion and/or sediment control practices have been implemented upstream of the sediment trap. After determining the necessary volume, size the trap by adding an additional 1.5 feet for sediment accumulation to the volume computed. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION Inspect sediment traps before and after rainfall events and weekly during the rest of the rainy season. During extended rainfall events, inspect sediment traps on a more frequent basis. The key to a functional sediment trap is continual monitoring and regular maintenance. If captured runoff has not completely drained within 36 hours. Then the sediment trap must be dewatered. • Inspect trap banks for embankment seepage and structural soundness. • Inspect outlet structure and rock spillway for any damage or obstructions. Repair damage and remove obstructions as needed. Inspect outlet area for erosion and stabilize if required. • Remove accumulated sediment when the volume has reached one-third the original trap volume. • Inspect fencing for damage and repair as needed. August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 9 Page 3 of 7 5-153 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. Center for Watershed Protection, Inc., Stormwater Manager’s Resource Center (SMRC). http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ Kamber Engineering Gaithersberg, Maryland, April, 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA. City of Austin, Texas, March, 2004, Environmental Criteria Manual. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. 5-154 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 9 Page 4 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Temporary Sediment Traps Photos Schematic of sediment trap and outlet protection. Courtesy of CALTRANS Sediment traps are used to collect sediment laden runoff from disturbed areas on construction sites. Courtesy of Douglas County August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 9 Page 5 of 7 5-155 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Temporary Sediment Traps Drawing 5-156 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 9 Page 6 of 7 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Temporary Sediment Traps Drawing August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 9 Page 7 of 7 5-157 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-158 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices SPC-10Sediment Dewatering Operations DEFINITION A filtration bag or sediment bag is a large bag made of geotextile that is used for filtering water pumped as part of dewatering a worksite. The bag is hooked up to a hose and water is pumped through the bag. The water seeps through the geotextile fabric and the sediment is trapped in the bag. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Slope Protection - moderate Excavated Areas (trenches, pits, etc.) - high Perimeter and Access Controls - high Associated Costs H Implementation X Maintenance X Most effective when used with: Protect excavated areas before runoff enters by using: Training Target Pollutants Removal H M Sediment SPC-3 Gravel Filter Berms For flows or sediment loads too large for a dewatering treatment device, consider: SPC-9 Temporary Sediment Traps L X Nutrients SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier L X Oil and Grease SPC-1 Organic Filter Barrier M X X Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X Alternative BMPs: For more efficient removal, use with: SPC-8 Temporary Sediment Basins SPC-9 Temporary Sediment Traps FIGURES Photos/Sketches SPC-10 Sediment Dewatering Operations Photos CAD Drawings None August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 10 Page 1 of 5 5-159 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE After storm events, dewatering of non-stormwater and accumulated rainfall from excavated work areas is often necessary before work can proceed. In the process of removing stormwater, certain measures must be taken to correctly discharge it. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Dewatering is often implemented for discharges of non-stormwater from excavated work areas such as utility repairs and construction sites. Non-stormwater includes groundwater, water from cofferdams, water diversions, and water from drilling and other construction operations. Dewatering is also appropriate for removal of accumulated precipitation from depressed areas on a construction site. LIMITATIONS Dewatering controls described in this BMP are intended for control of sediment particles. Other control methods (i.e. sediment basins and sediment traps) may allow for longer settling time of sediment particles, and thus greater efficiency of removal, than dewatering controls. Dewatering operations that discharge water offsite will require an AZPDES De Minimus Discharge General Permit. Refer to ADEQ website (www.azdeq.gov/environ/water/permits/gen.html#demi) for more information. Dewatering discharges can be avoided by using the water for dust control or diverting it to an infiltration basin. Specific limitations for sediment filter bags include: • Filtration bags full of sediment are heavy and may need to be lifted with a front-end loader. • As bags fill up with sediment, they become clogged and may “explode” from force of pump if not removed in time. • Sediment filter bags may not work with very fine particulates. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Before starting a dewatering operation, one or more of the following mechanisms must be in place to treat water during dewatering operations: • Sediment basin • Sediment trap • Weir tanks • Dewatering tanks 5-160 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 10 Page 2 of 5 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County • Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Gravity bag filter Alternatively, excavated areas can be protected before runoff enters by using: Organic Filter Barrier, Sand Bag Barrier, or Gravel Filter Berms. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Sediment basin Sediment basins are relatively large structures that are effective during dewatering operations for the removal of gravel, sand, silt, and some metals that settle out with the sediment as well as trash. Refer to Temporary Sediment Basins for a more detailed description. Sediment trap Sediment traps are smaller structures that mainly remove larger particles (gravel and sand) and are less effective at removing fines and associated metals than sediment basins. Refer to Temporary Sediment Traps for a more detailed description. Weir tanks Weir tanks separate waste from water through a series of weirs. The tank can remove trash, some settleable solids (gravel, sand, and silt), oil and grease, and some metals (removed with the sediment). For higher levels of flow, multiple tanks can be used in parallel, or if additional treatment is desired, the tanks can be placed in series or as pre-treatment in conjunction with other methods. For additional removal of fine sediment particles, consider adding a coagulant to the collected water in the weir tank. Note that periodic cleaning is required based on visual inspection or reduced flow. Any accumulated oil and grease must be disposed of by a licensed waste disposal company. Dewatering tanks A dewatering tank removes debris and sediment by passing the dewatered effluent through a fabric filter at the top and discharging it through the bottom of the tank. The filter separates trash, some settleable solids (gravel, sand, and silt), oil and grease, and some metals (removed with the sediment). Similar to weir tanks, for higher levels of flow, multiple tanks can be used in parallel, or if additional treatment is desired, the tanks can be placed in series or as pre-treatment in conjunction with other methods. For additional removal of the sediment particles, consider adding a coagulant to the dewatering tank. Note that periodic cleaning is required based on visual inspection or reduced flow. Any accumulated oil and grease must be disposed of by a licensed waste disposal company. Gravity bag filter A gravity bag filter, also referred to as a dewatering bag, is a rectangular bag made of non-woven geotextile fabric for effective removal of sediments (gravel, sand, and silt). Some metals are August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 10 Page 3 of 5 5-161 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices removed with the sediment. Depending on size, the bag can handle up to 1500 gallons per minute. The bag should be installed on a slight slope so that water flows through the length of the bag. Place straps underneath the bag so that when full, the bag may be more easily lifted. Insert the hose (up to 4 inches in diameter) into the neck of the dirtbag. Tie off the neck with baling wire and/or duct tape. Filtration bags come in sizes up to 15 feet by 15 feet. When filled with trapped sediment, it requires heavy equipment or a crew of men to lift it. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION Soil from full dewatering bags can either be reapplied to the site as it often contains nutrient rich top soil or should be properly disposed of offsite. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm 5-162 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 10 Page 4 of 5 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Sediment Dewatering Operations Photos Dewatering sediment bag. Courtesy of www.stormwater-products.com Dewatering tanks. Courtesy of CALTRANS August 2009 Sediment and Pollutant Control - 10 Page 5 of 5 5-163 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-164 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices GHGeneral Housekeeping General housekeeping refers to any management and/or work practices implemented on a construction site to prevent the contamination of stormwater by materials other than sediment. General housekeeping practices involve proper management of chemicals and other potentially hazardous construction materials, equipment, and wastes. Managing potential pollutants offsite (i.e. conducting equipment maintenance back at the maintenance shop rather than at the site) is an effective method of eliminating potential spills and contamination on the construction site. If a pre-manufactured product is to be implemented on a site for general housekeeping, the contractor should always follow the manufacturer’s installation and maintenance recommendations as the primary reference for implementation. GH-1 Chemical Management GH-2 Solid Waste Management GH-3 Equipment Maintenance Procedures GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas GH-5 Spill Containment Plan GH-6 Road Sweeping and Road Trackout Cleaning VENDOR PRODUCTS See vendor products for General Housekeeping BMPs. Disclaimer Any hyperlinks in the vendor products table will direct you out of the Flood Control District of Maricopa County (FCDMC) domain. FCDMC is providing the following vendor information for possible assistance to any interested parties, but does not necessarily endorse any of the information, recommendations or products provided by the vendors. August 2009 5-165 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-166 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices GH-1Chemical Management DEFINITION Chemical management includes the proper labeling, handling, storage and disposal of chemical products. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Inlet Drain Protection - high Debris Management, Cleanup, and Washout - moderate Equipment Storage/Maintenance - high Associated Costs Most effective when used with: Protect excavated areas before runoff enters by using: H M Implementation X Maintenance X Training X Target Pollutants Removal H M L L Oil and Grease X GH-2 Solid Waste Management Nutrients X GH-3 Equipment Maintenance Procedures Sediment X GH-5 Spill Containment Plan Floatable Material X Alternative BMPs: None Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches GH-1 Chemical Management Photos CAD Drawings None August 2009 General Housekeeping - 1 Page 1 of 6 5-167 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Proper chemical management prevents, or at least minimizes stormwater runoff from being polluted through spills or other forms of contact. It is not intended to supercede or replace normal site assessment and remediation procedures. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Chemical management practices, along with the applicable OSHA, DOT, and EPA guidelines, should be incorporated at all construction sites that use or generate potentially hazardous wastes. Target chemicals include: • Paints, solvents, and stains • Wood preservatives • Fuel, lube oils, grease, and cutting oils • Roofing tar • Pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizer • Antifreeze LIMITATIONS • Chemical management practices are not intended to address site-assessments and preexisting soil and water contamination. Major contamination and large spills require immediate response from spill-response personnel. • Demolition activities and potential pre-existing materials, such as lead-based paint and asbestos in building materials, are not addressed by this practice. • Chemical management practices cover general procedures and are not intended for products and uses that may require additional safeguards. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS The best method for controlling chemical pollution is to provide adequate controls at the point of storage and use. The following recommendations are intended to prevent, and/or minimize contamination of runoff: Storage and Labeling Procedures • 5-168 Where possible, cover stockpiled materials indoors or with a temporary roof structure. Do not allow water to pond around stored drums. General Housekeeping - 1 Page 2 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices • Do not pinch a drum with a forklift when unloading or moving. • If moving multiple drums (i.e. on a pallet), make sure they are held together with shrink wrap or a steel band. • Mark any damaged containers. • Do not store chemicals, drums, and bagged materials directly on the ground. ondary containment platforms or wooden pallets. • Provide spill containment dikes around chemical and fuel storage tanks. Line with plastic film to prevent soil contamination. • When possible, keep chemical products in their original containers, bungs on lids closed (except during use), and labeled in accordance with DOT and EPA regulations. Use proper devices to transfer chemicals from one container to another. • Containment areas that have collected precipitation should not be drained until the site supervisor has ensured that the drainage will not contaminate surrounding soil. Use sec- Waste Handling and Disposal Procedures • Ensure that adequate hazardous waste storage space is available, hazardous waste collection containers are conveniently located, and that adequate cleanup and containment materials are available onsite. • Store hazardous wastes in an appropriate type of container and properly labeled per EPA, OSHA, and DOT regulations. • Consult with the local municipality jurisdiction as to whether wash up water from waterbased paints may go into a sanitary sewer. • Regularly dispose of oil-based paints, solvents, thinners, and mineral spirits through a licensed waste management firm. • Follow the recommendations of the manufacturer to dispose of construction chemicals such as curing compounds, form releases, etc. • Follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding the intended use, protective equipment, ventilation, flammability, and mixing of chemicals. The effectiveness of chemical management is enhanced when the following BMPs are also implemented: Solid Waste Management, Equipment Maintenance Procedures, and Spill Containment Plan August 2009 General Housekeeping - 1 Page 3 of 6 5-169 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION Various components of a Chemical Management program must be continually maintained and revised: Educating workers • Safety procedures for proper construction site chemical storage and management. • Identification of potential sources of chemical pollutants. • Spill prevention and response procedures. • Potential dangers to humans and the environment from chemical pollutants. • Establish a continuing education program to educate new employees. Quality Assurance • Foreman and/or construction supervisor should monitor onsite chemical storage and disposal procedures. • Educate and if necessary, retain and/or discipline workers who violate procedures. • Ensure the hazardous waste disposal contractor is reputable and licensed. Emergency Response Plan As specified by the local Fire Department, revisions may be necessary to the Protected Chemical and Materials Storage Area Plan during the course of construction based upon materials to be stored on site. If a spill occurs which equals or exceeds the reportable quantity (RQ) for a 24-hour period as defined by the EPA in 40 CFR Part 110, 40 CFR Part 117, and 40 CFR Part 302, then: • Report spill to the National Response Center, 1-800-424-8802, within 24 hours. Also notify the Arizona Emergency Response Commission and the Maricopa County Emergency Management Department. • Revise the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) to show corrective actions. • Notify local EPA Region IX office within 14 days. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS If hazardous materials are stored onsite after the development is completed, proper chemical management procedures and structures should be maintained. 5-170 General Housekeeping - 1 Page 4 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. Smolen, M.D., September 1988, North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual, North Carolina Sediment Control Commission, et al. August 2009 General Housekeeping - 1 Page 5 of 6 5-171 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Chemical Management Photos Secondary drum containment platform. Courtesy of Interstate Products, Inc. Secondary drum containment covered storage. Courtesy of Interstate Products, Inc. 5-172 General Housekeeping - 1 Page 6 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices GH-2Solid Waste Management DEFINITION The routine collection, recycling, and disposal of accumulated solid waste generated at the construction site. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Debris Management, Cleanup, and Washout - moderate Trash Collection/Management - high Associated Costs Most effective when used with: GH-1 Chemical Management X Maintenance X Training X Target Pollutants Removal Oil and Grease GH-5 Spill Containment Plan Nutrients None M Implementation GH-3 Equipment Maintenance Procedures Alternative BMPs: H H M L L X X Sediment X Floatable Material X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches Solid Waste Management Photos CAD Drawings None August 2009 General Housekeeping - 2 Page 1 of 6 5-173 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Solid waste is one of the major pollutants caused by construction activities. By limiting the trash and debris on site and through proper disposal methods, stormwater quality is improved and there is reduced clean up at the completion of a project. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Proper solid waste management is applicable to all construction activities. Solid wastes include, but are not limited to: • Construction wastes including plastic, glass, rubber, brick, mortar, timber, steel and metal scraps, sawdust, pipe and electrical cuttings, non-hazardous equipment parts, styrofoam and other materials used to transport and package construction materials, materials from the demolition of structures. Highway planting wastes, including vegetative material, plant containers, and packaging materials. • Domestic waste products, including sanitary wastes, food containers, beverage cans, coffee cups, paper bags, plastic wrappers, cigarettes, and litter generated by the public. LIMITATIONS • Temporary stockpiling of certain construction wastes may not necessitate stringent drainage related controls during the non-rainy season or in desert areas with low rainfall. • This practice only applies to non-hazardous solid waste. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Education • Site supervisor or other designated personnel should oversee and enforce proper solid waste procedures and practices. • Instruct employees and subcontractors on identification of solid waste and hazardous waste, solid waste storage and disposal procedures. Require that employees and subcontractors follow solid waste handling and storage procedures. • Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce disposal procedures (incorporate into regular safety meetings). • Prohibit littering by employees, subcontractors, and visitors. • Wherever possible, minimize production of solid waste materials. 5-174 General Housekeeping - 2 Page 2 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Collection, Storage, and Disposal • Covered dumpsters of sufficient size and number should be provided to contain the solid waste generated by the project operations. • Prevent clogging of the storm drainage system by removing litter and debris from drainage grates, trash racks, and ditch lines. • Trash receptacles should be provided in the contractor’s yard, field trailer areas, and at locations where workers congregate for lunch and break periods. • Construction debris and litter from work areas within the construction limits of the project site should be collected and placed in watertight dumpsters at least weekly regardless of whether the litter was generated by the contractor, the public, or others. Collected litter and debris should not be placed in or next to drain inlets, stormwater drainage systems, or watercourses. • Full dumpsters should be removed from the project site. • Litter stored in collection areas and containers should be handled and disposed of by trash hauling contractors every two weeks or more frequently, if necessary. Notify trash hauling contractors that only watertight dumpsters are acceptable for use onsite. Plan for additional containers and more frequent pickup during the demolition phase of construction. • Stormwater runoff should be prevented from contacting stored solid waste through the use of berms, dikes, or other temporary diversion structures. • Solid waste storage areas should be located more than 50 ft from drainage facilities and watercourses and should not be located in areas prone to flooding or ponding. • Dumpster washout on the project site is not allowed. • Keep the site clean of litter debris. Hazardous Waste Management • Segregate potentially hazardous waste from non-hazardous construction site waste. Make sure that toxic liquid wastes (e.g., used oils, solvents, and paints) and chemicals (e.g., acids, pesticides, additives, curing compounds) are not disposed of in dumpsters designated for construction debris. For disposal of hazardous waste, see Chemical Management. Have hazardous waste hauled to an appropriate disposal and/or recycling facility. Recycling • Salvage or recycle useful vegetation debris, packaging and/or surplus building materials when practical. For example, trees and shrubs from land clearing can be converted into August 2009 General Housekeeping - 2 Page 3 of 6 5-175 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices wood chips, then used as mulch on graded areas. Wood pallets, cardboard boxes, and construction scraps can also be recycled. Sanitary Waste Management • Educate employees, subcontractors, and suppliers on sanitary/septic waste storage and disposal procedures and potential dangers to humans and the environment from sanitary/ septic wastes. • Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce disposal procedures (incorporate into regular safety meetings) and to educate new employees. • Locate portable toilets a minimum of 20 feet away from storm drain inlets, drainage facilities, watercourses, and from traffic circulation. If unable to meet the 20-foot distance requirement, provide secondary containment for portable toilets. • Properly connect temporary sanitary facilities that discharge to the sanitary sewer system to avoid illicit discharges. Sanitary and septic systems that discharge directly into sanitary sewer systems, where permissible, should comply with the local health agency, city, county, and sewer district requirements. • If using an on site disposal system, such as a septic system, comply with local health agency requirements. • Ensure that sanitary/septic facilities are maintained in good working order by a licensed service. Use only reputable, licensed sanitary/septic waste haulers. The effectiveness of solid waste management is enhanced when the following BMPs are also implemented: Chemical Management, Equipment Maintenance Procedures, and Spill Containment Plan. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Onsite trash should be collected and disposed of on a regular basis. Sanitary systems should also be regularly serviced. • Repair trash containers and dumpsters on an as needed basis. Where possible provide cover for waste containers to prevent the entry of rainwater and loss of contents by wind. • Maintain a contingency plan in the case that hazardous or toxic materials are discovered onsite. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS Long term solid waste practices should be implemented (i.e. dumpsters, and regular trash pickups, etc.) 5-176 General Housekeeping - 2 Page 4 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices REFERENCES North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. August 2009 General Housekeeping - 2 Page 5 of 6 5-177 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Solid Waste Management Photos Separate out different wastes from each other for recycling. Place signage on the dumpster to prevent improper disposal of hazardous wastes. 5-178 General Housekeeping - 2 Page 6 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices GH-3Equipment Maintenance Procedures DEFINITION Establish a program of equipment maintenance procedures, which will reduce contamination of onsite soils. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Equipment Storage/Maintenance - high Debris Management, Cleanup, and Washout- moderate Trash Collection/Management - moderate Associated Costs Most effective when used with: GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas GH-5 Spill Containment Plan Alternative BMPs: None M Implementation X Maintenance X Training X Target Pollutants Removal GH-1 Chemical Management H Oil and Grease H M L L X Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material X Metals Other Construction Waste X X FIGURES Photos/Sketches Equipment Maintenance Procedures Photos CAD Drawings None August 2009 General Housekeeping - 3 Page 1 of 4 5-179 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Non-sediment stormwater pollution can occur through improper disposal of equipment fluids and disposables such as filters, batteries, and tires. An established program of maintenance procedures can prevent job site pollution and contamination of stormwater. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS These procedures are applied on all construction projects where an onsite yard area is necessary for storage and maintenance of heavy equipment and vehicles. Perform equipment maintenance, if possible, back at the maintenance shop. LIMITATIONS None identified. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS • Drip pans or absorbent pads should be used during vehicle and equipment maintenance work that involves fluids, unless the maintenance work is performed over an impermeable surface in a dedicated maintenance area. • All maintenance areas are required to have spill kits and/or use other spill protection devices. • Dedicated maintenance areas should be protected from stormwater runon and runoff, and should be located at least 50 ft from downstream drainage facilities and watercourses. • Absorbent spill clean-up materials should be available in maintenance areas and should be disposed of properly after use. Substances used to coat asphalt transport trucks and asphalt spreading equipment should be non-toxic. • Use offsite maintenance facilities whenever practical. • For long-term projects, consider constructing roofs or portable tents over maintenance areas. • Properly dispose of used oils, fluids, lubricants, and spill cleanup materials. Do not dump fuels and lubricants onto the ground, place used oil in a dumpster, or pour into a storm drain or watercourse. Repair fluid and oil leaks immediately. Provide spill containment dikes or secondary containment around stored oil and chemical drums. • Properly dispose or recycle used batteries. The effectiveness of equipment maintenance procedures is enhanced when the following BMPs are also implemented: GH-1 Chemical Management, GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas and GH-5 Spill Containment Plan. 5-180 General Housekeeping - 3 Page 2 of 4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Maintain waste fluid containers in leak proof condition. • Vehicle and equipment maintenance areas should be inspected regularly. • Vehicles and equipment should be inspected on each day of use. Leaks should be repaired immediately or the problem vehicle(s) or equipment should be removed from the project site. • Inspect equipment for damaged hoses and leaky gaskets routinely. Repair or replace as needed. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. August 2009 General Housekeeping - 3 Page 3 of 4 5-181 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Equipment Maintenance Procedures Photos Schematic of used oil containment. Courtesy of CALTRANS Enclosed area maintenance. Courtesy of EPA 5-182 General Housekeeping - 3 Page 4 of 4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices GH-4Designated Washdown Areas DEFINITION Procedures and practices that are designed to minimize or eliminate the discharge of concrete waste materials to the storm drain systems of watercourses. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Inlet Drain Protection - high Debris Management, Cleanup, and Washout - high Associated Costs Most effective when used with: GH-1 Chemical Management H M Implementation X Maintenance X Training X Target Pollutants Removal H L M L GH-3 Equipment Maintenance Procedures Oil and Grease GH-5 Spill Containment Plan Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material X Alternative BMPs: None X Metals Other Construction Waste X X FIGURES Photos/Sketches GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas Photos CAD Drawings None August 2009 General Housekeeping - 4 Page 1 of 5 5-183 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Designated washout areas and associated procedures ensure the proper washout of concrete trucks, tools, and equipment and prevents fresh concrete or cement laden mortar from entering a storm drainage system. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS Concrete waste management procedures and practices are implemented on construction projects where concrete is used as a construction material or where concrete dust and debris result from demolition activities. • Where slurries containing portland cement concrete (PCC) or asphalt concrete (AC) are generated, such as from sawcutting, coring, grinding, grooving, and hydro-concrete demolition. • Where mortar-mixing stations exist. • Where concrete trucks and other concrete-coated equipment are washed on site. See also Equipment Maintenance Procedures. LIMITATIONS None. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS • Educate employees, subcontractors, and suppliers on the concrete waste management techniques described herein. • The site supervisor or designated personnel should oversee and enforce concrete waste management procedures. The effectiveness of washdown areas may be enhanced when the following BMPs are also implemented: Chemical Management, Equipment Maintenance Procedures, and Spill Containment Plan. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS PCC and AC Wastes • PCC and AC waste should not be allowed to enter storm drains or watercourses. Instead, PCC and AC waste should be collected and properly disposed of outside the highway right-of-way or placed in a temporary concrete washout structure. • Install a sign adjacent to each temporary concrete washout structure to inform concrete equipment operators to utilize the installed structures. 5-184 General Housekeeping - 4 Page 2 of 5 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices • A foreman and/or construction supervisor should monitor onsite concrete working tasks, such as saw cutting, coring, grinding and grooving to ensure proper methods are implemented. • Saw cutting residue should not be allowed to flow across the pavement, and should not be left on the surface of the pavement. Vacuum slurry residue and dispose in a temporary facility and allow slurry to dry. Dispose of dry slurry residue in accordance with GH-2 Solid Waste Management . • Similarly, residue from grinding operations should be picked up by means of a vacuum attachment to the grinding machine. Onsite Temporary Concrete Washout Facility Procedures • Temporary concrete washout facilities should be located a minimum of 50 feet from storm drain inlets, open drainage facilities, and watercourses, unless determined infeasible by the site supervisor. Each facility should be located away from construction traffic or access areas to prevent disturbance or tracking. • Temporary concrete washout facilities should be constructed above grade or below grade at the option of the contractor and have sufficient quantity and size to contain all liquid and concrete waste generated by washout operations. • Perform washout of concrete mixer trucks in designated areas only. A sign should be installed adjacent to each washout facility to inform concrete equipment operators to utilize the proper facilities. • Wash concrete only from mixer truck chutes into approved concrete washout facility. Washout may be collected in an impermeable bag for disposal. Above Grade Temporary Concrete Washout Structure • Above grade temporary concrete washout structures should have a minimum length and width of 10 feet or larger to provide sufficient volume to contain all liquid and concrete waste generated by washout operations. If deemed necessary, the length and width of the washout structure may be expanded for more capacity. • Straw bales, wood stakes, and sandbag materials should conform to the specifications in SPC-1 Organic Filter Barrier and SPC-2 Sand Bag Barrier. • Plastic lining material should be a minimum of 10-mil polyethylene sheeting and should be free of holes, tears or other defects that compromise the impermeability of the material. Below Grade Temporary Concrete Washout Structure • August 2009 Below grade temporary concrete washout should have a minimum length and width of 10 feet or larger to provide sufficient volume to contain all liquid and concrete General Housekeeping - 4 Page 3 of 5 5-185 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices waste generated by washout operations. If deemed necessary, the length and width of the washout structure may be expanded for more capacity. • Plastic lining material should be a minimum of 10-mil polyethylene sheeting and should be free of holes, tears or other defects that compromise the impermeability of the material. • Ensure that the soil base is free of rocks or other debris that may cause tears or holes in the plastic lining material. Removal of Temporary Concrete Washout Facilities • When temporary concrete washout facilities are no longer required for the work, as determined by the site supervisor, hardened concrete should be broken up, removed, and disposed of in accordance with GH-2 Solid Waste Management. • Holes, depressions or other ground disturbance caused by the removal of the temporary concrete washout facilities should be backfilled. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Monitor on site concrete waste storage and disposal procedures at least weekly. • Monitor concrete working tasks, such as saw cutting, coring, grinding and grooving to ensure proper mehtods are employed. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. 5-186 General Housekeeping - 4 Page 4 of 5 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Designated Washdown Areas Photos Concrete washout container. Courtesy of Concrete Washout Systems, Inc. Concrete washout area. Courtesy of Douglas County August 2009 General Housekeeping - 4 Page 5 of 5 5-187 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 5-188 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices GH-5Spill Containment Plan DEFINITION An emergency plan to contain spills of dangerous, hazardous, or toxic wastes which mitigates environmental damage and provides prompt notice to proper authorities. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Inlet Drain Protection - high Debris Management, Cleanup, and Washout - high Associated Costs Most effective when used with: H Implementation Maintenance Target Pollutants Removal L X X Training GH-1 Chemical Management M X H M L GH-3 Equipment Maintenance Procedures Oil and Grease GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas Nutrients X Sediment X Floatable Material X Alternative BMPs: None X Metals X Other Construction Waste X FIGURES Photos/Sketches GH-5 Spill Containment Plan Photos CAD Drawings None August 2009 General Housekeeping - 5 Page 1 of 6 5-189 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE These procedures and practices are implemented to prevent and control spills in a manner that minimizes or prevents the discharge of spilled material to the drainage system or watercourses. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS This best management practice (BMP) applies to all construction projects. Spill control procedures are implemented any time chemicals and/or hazardous substances are stored. Substances may include, but are not limited to: • Soil stabilizers/binders. • Dust Palliatives. • Herbicides. • Growth inhibitors. • Fertilizers. • Deicing chemicals. • Fuels. • Lubricants. • Other petroleum distillates. • Sanitary and septic wastes. To the extent that the work can be accomplished safely, spills of oil, petroleum products, substances listed under 40 CFR parts 110, 117, and 302. LIMITATIONS • The procedures and practices presented in this BMP are general. Contractor should identify appropriate practices for the specific materials used or stored onsite. • This BMP only applies to emergency spill response. Refer to Chemical Management for proper storage, use, and disposal of dangerous, hazardous, and toxic wastes that should be observed at all times to minimize the potential for a spill. 5-190 General Housekeeping - 5 Page 2 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Education • Educate employees and subcontractors on what a significant spill is for each material they use, and what is the appropriate response for "significant" and "insignificant" spills. • Educate employees and subcontractors on potential dangers to humans and the environment from spills and leaks. • Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce appropriate disposal procedures (incorporate into regular safety meetings) and establish a program to instruct new employees. Spill Response Procedures • Significant/Hazardous Spills - for significant or hazardous spills that cannot be controlled by personnel in the immediate vicinity, the following steps should be taken: • Immediately notify the following: • Site supervisor and follow up with a written report. • Local emergency response (Fire department). • A spills contractor or a Haz-Mat team immediately. Construction personnel should not attempt to clean up the spill until the appropriate and qualified staff have arrived at the job site. • For spills of federal reportable quantities, in conformance with the requirements in 40 CFR parts 110,119, and 302, the contractor should notify the National Response Center (see contact number in table below). • Any applicable divisions within ADEQ should also be contacted. Notification should first be made by telephone and followed up with a written report. Agency Situation Phone Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) -Emergency Response Unit Emergency 602-771-2330 800-234-5677 Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) -Emergency Response Unit Routine Business 602-771-4106 602-771-4155 National Response Center Emergency 800-424-8802 Local Fire Department/District Emergency 911 August 2009 General Housekeeping - 5 Page 3 of 6 5-191 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Other ADEQ Contact Numbers ADEQ front desk 602-771-2300 Air Quality Division 602-771-2308 Waste Programs Division 602-771-4209 Pollution Prevention/TRI 602-771-4235 Water Quality Division 602-771-2306 Stormwater 602-771-4574 Post Spill Response Procedures • Spills should not be buried or washed with water. • Used clean up materials, contaminated materials, and recovered spill material that is no longer suitable for the intended purpose should be stored and disposed of in conformance with the special provisions. • Water used for cleaning and decontamination should not be allowed to enter storm drains or watercourses and should be collected and disposed of in accordance with GH-1 Chemical Management. Water overflow or minor water spillage should be contained and should not be allowed to discharge into drainage facilities or watercourses. • Proper storage, clean-up and spill reporting instruction for hazardous materials stored or used on the project site should be posted at all times in an open, conspicuous and accessible location. • Waste storage areas should be kept clean, well organized and equipped with ample clean-up supplies as appropriate for the materials being stored. Perimeter controls, containment structures, covers and liners should be repaired or replaced as needed to maintain proper function. The effectiveness of spill containment is enhanced when the following BMPs are also implemented: GH-1 Chemical Management, GH-3 Equipment Maintenance Procedures, and GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Comply with suggestions and requirements set by local fire department. • Verify weekly that spill control clean up materials are located near material storage, unloading, and use areas. Restock appropriate clean-up materials after a spill incident has occurred. 5-192 General Housekeeping - 5 Page 4 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County • Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Update spill prevention and control plans and stock appropriate clean-up materials whenever changes occur in the types of chemicals used or stored onsite, or after a spill incident has occurred. POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS None. REFERENCES Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=951#manual CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/con_site.cfm August 2009 General Housekeeping - 5 Page 5 of 6 5-193 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Spill Containment Plan Photos Provide temporary inlet protection against any spills approaching drain inlets to a stormwater collection system. Containing leaks from equipment Absorbent snakes can be used to protect storm drains from spills. Courtesy of Stormwater 911 Courtesy of Stormwater 911 5-194 General Housekeeping - 5 Page 6 of 6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices GH-6Road Sweeping/Trackout Cleaning DEFINITION Road trackout cleaning procedures refer to methods to remove tracked sediment around construction site points of egress. GENERAL INFORMATION RATINGS Applicability - Effectiveness Perimeter and Access Controls - high Debris Management, Cleanup, and Washout - high Associated Costs Most effective when used with: H Implementation Maintenance Target Pollutants Removal L X X Training EC-5 Stabilized Construction Entrance M X H M L EC-6 Construction Road Stabilization Oil and Grease X EC-7 Dust Control Nutrients X Alternative BMPs: Sediment X Floatable Material X None Metals Other Construction Waste X X FIGURES Photos/Sketches GH-6 Road Sweeping/Trackout Cleaning Photos CAD Drawings None August 2009 General Housekeeping - 6 Page 1 of 4 5-195 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices PURPOSE Cleaning road trackout prevents the sediment from entering a storm drain or watercourse. APPROPRIATE APPLICATIONS These practices are implemented anywhere sediment is tracked from the project site onto public or private paved roads, typically at points of ingress/egress. Studies have shown that vacuum or regenerative air street sweepers can effectively remove fine dust particles and yield significant runoff quality benefits. • Limitations • Sweeping and vacuuming may not be effective when soil is wet or muddy. • Mechanical brush sweepers may only remove coarser particles. RECOMMENDED STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS • Visible sediment tracking should be swept and/or vacuumed daily. For smaller areas of trackout, kick brooms can be used. For larger areas, consider mechanical brush or vacuum sweepers. Some mechanical sweepers can remove debris and dust particles down to 2.5 microns. • Conduct sweepings at least once per week during the project operations. During rainy seasons, implement sweepings on a more frequent basis. • Consider incorporating the removed sediment back into the project, rather than hauling offsite to disposal. RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION • Inspect ingress/egress access points daily and sweep tracked sediment as needed. • Properly dispose of any unknown substances or objects that may be potentially hazardous. • Adjust brooms frequently; maximize efficiency of sweeping operations. • After sweeping is finished, sweeper water can be reused or disposed of at an approved dump-site. • The operator is responsible for compliance with Maricopa County Dust Control Rules for Trackout Control. 5-196 General Housekeeping - 6 Page 2 of 4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices POST CONSTRUCTION METHODS In most cases, the municipality will continue with road sweeping operations after construction is complete. REFERENCES CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/construc/stormwater/manuals.htm Kamber Engineering Gaithersberg, Maryland, April, 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA. August 2009 General Housekeeping - 6 Page 3 of 4 5-197 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Erosion Control: Best Management Practices Road Sweeping/Trackout Cleaning Photos Road sweeping Courtesy of Douglas County 5-198 General Housekeeping - 6 Page 4 of 4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 1Appendix A Appendix A: Construction General Permit CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX A CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3 A.1 AZPDES Construction General Permit........................................................A-5 A.2 NPDES Construction General Permit..........................................................A-7 August 2009 A-1 Appendix A: Construction General Permit Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK A-2 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix A: Construction General Permit APPENDIX A CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT This appendix contains copies of the latest Construction General Permits (CGPs) that are applicable in Arizona, specifically the AZPDES (ADEQ Permit No. AZG2008-001, February 2008) and the NPDES (EPA, January 2008) CGPs. August 2009 A-3 Appendix A: Construction General Permit Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK A-4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County A.1 Appendix A: Construction General Permit AZPDES Construction General Permit August 2009 A-5 Appendix A: Construction General Permit Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK A-6 August 2009 Permit No. AZG2008-001 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I. A. B. C. D. E. COVERAGE UNDER THIS GENERAL PERMIT.................................................................... 5 Permit Area. ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Eligibility ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Authorized Discharges ..................................................................................................................... 5 1. Allowable Stormwater Discharges ...................................................................................... 5 2. Allowable Non-Stormwater Discharges............................................................................... 5 Limitations of Coverage.................................................................................................................... 6 1. Post-Construction Discharges............................................................................................. 6 2. Discharges Mixed with Non-Stormwater. ............................................................................ 7 3. Discharges Covered by Another AZPDES Permit. ............................................................. 7 4. Discharges to Impaired Waters. .......................................................................................... 7 5. Discharges to Unique Waters ............................................................................................. 7 6. Exempt Discharges ............................................................................................................ 8 Erosivity Waivers for Small Construction Activities .......................................................................... 8 1. Calculating Erosivity. ........................................................................................................... 8 2. Permit Waiver Certification.................................................................................................. 9 3. Deadline for Notification. ..................................................................................................... 9 4. Projects Which Extend Past Certified Period. ..................................................................... 9 PART II. A. B. C. Prerequisites for Submitting a Notice of Intent (NOI) ....................................................................... 9 Submitting a NOI ............................................................................................................................ 10 1. Application Required. ........................................................................................................ 10 2. NOI Requirements............................................................................................................. 10 3. Where to Submit................................................................................................................ 11 4. Notification to Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems/Local Authorities .................... 11 5. Effective Date of Permit Coverage. ................................................................................... 11 6. Deadlines for Notification. ................................................................................................. 12 7. Late Applications ............................................................................................................... 13 Submitting a Notice of Termination ................................................................................................ 13 1. Notice Required................................................................................................................. 13 2. NOT Requirements ........................................................................................................... 14 3. Where to Submit................................................................................................................ 15 4. Notification to Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems/Local Authorities. ................... 15 5. Effective Date of Permit Termination. ............................................................................... 15 PART III. A. B. C. D. AUTHORIZATION UNDER THIS GENERAL PERMIT .......................................................... 9 STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN (SWPPP) PREPARATION................ 15 General Information........................................................................................................................ 15 Types of Operators......................................................................................................................... 16 1. Definition of Operator ....................................................................................................... 16 2. Operator Requirements..................................................................................................... 16 Site and Activity Description........................................................................................................... 16 1. Identification of Operators ................................................................................................. 16 2. Site Description: ................................................................................................................ 16 3. Site Map ............................................................................................................................ 17 4. Receiving Waters .............................................................................................................. 17 5. Best Management Practices. ............................................................................................ 17 6. Summary of Potential Pollutant Sources........................................................................... 18 Permit Related Records ................................................................................................................. 18 2 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 E. F. G. Maintaining an Updated SWPPP ................................................................................................... 18 Deficiencies in the SWPPP ............................................................................................................ 19 Posting, SWPPP Review and Making SWPPPs Available ............................................................ 19 PART IV. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. General Requirements ................................................................................................................... 19 Erosion Control/Stabilization BMPs ............................................................................................... 20 1. Description ........................................................................................................................ 20 2. Schedule and Deadlines for Stabilization.......................................................................... 20 3. Records of Stabilization .................................................................................................... 21 Sediment Control BMPs ................................................................................................................. 21 1. Perimeter Control. ............................................................................................................. 21 2. Soil Stockpiles ................................................................................................................... 21 3. Sediment Basins and Traps. ............................................................................................. 21 4. Dishcharge of Sediments During Dry Weather ................................................................. 22 5. Velocity Dissipation Devices ............................................................................................. 22 6. Storm Drain Inlet Protection .............................................................................................. 22 7. Construction Site Entrance and Egress. ........................................................................... 22 Non-Structural BMPs...................................................................................................................... 22 1. Good Housekeeping BMPs ............................................................................................... 22 2. Fueling and Maintenance Areas........................................................................................ 22 3. On-site and Offsite Material Storage……………………………………………………… ..... 23 4. Concrete Washout............................................................................................................. 22 Non-Stormwater Discharge BMPs ................................................................................................. 23 Post-Construction Stormwater Management ................................................................................. 23 Other BMPs.................................................................................................................................... 23 Inspections ..................................................................................................................................... 24 1. Inspection Schedule. ......................................................................................................... 24 2. Inspector Qualifications. .................................................................................................... 24 3. Scope of Inspections. ........................................................................................................ 25 4. Inspection Report .............................................................................................................. 25 5. Revising the SWPPP. ....................................................................................................... 26 Maintenance of BMPs. ................................................................................................................... 26 PART V. A. B. C. D. E. F. BMP REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ............................................. 19 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS FOR DISCHARGES TO UNIQUE OR IMPAIRED WATERS ............................................................................................................................... 26 Monitoring Program ....................................................................................................................... 26 General Requirements ................................................................................................................... 26 Visual Monitoring Requirements .................................................................................................... 27 1. Visual Monitoring Schedule............................................................................................... 27 2. Visual Monitoring Locations. ............................................................................................. 27 3. Visual Monitoring Parameters. .......................................................................................... 27 4. Visual Monitoring............................................................................................................... 27 Analytical Monitoring Requirements............................................................................................... 27 1. Analytical Monitoring Schedule ......................................................................................... 27 2. Adverse Conditions Exception. ......................................................................................... 27 3. Analytical Monitoring Locations......................................................................................... 27 4. Analytical Monitoring Parameters...................................................................................... 28 5. Sample Collection, Preservation, Tracking, Handling and Analyses ................................ 28 Monitoring Methods........................................................................................................................ 29 Records. ......................................................................................................................................... 29 1. Analytical Record Submittal. ............................................................................................. 29 2. Record Retention .............................................................................................................. 29 PART VI. SPECIAL CONDITIONS ....................................................................................................... 30 3 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 A. B. C. D. E. Hazardous Substances or Oil......................................................................................................... 30 Releases in Excess of Reportable Quantities ................................................................................ 30 Spills............................................................................................................................................... 30 COMPLIANCE WITH SURFACE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ................................................................ 30 Continuation of the Expired General Permit................................................................................... 30 PART VII. A. B. Documents ..................................................................................................................................... 31 Maintaining Inspection Records. .................................................................................................... 31 PART VIII. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. STANDARD PERMIT CONDITIONS .................................................................................... 31 Duty to Comply............................................................................................................................... 31 Need to Halt or Reduce Activity Not a Defense ............................................................................. 31 Duty to Mitigate .............................................................................................................................. 31 Proper Operation and Maintenance ............................................................................................... 31 Permit Actions ................................................................................................................................ 31 Property Rights............................................................................................................................... 32 Duty to Provide Information............................................................................................................ 32 Inspection and Entry....................................................................................................................... 32 Monitoring and Records ................................................................................................................. 32 Signatory Requirements................................................................................................................. 32 1. NOIs .................................................................................................................................. 32 2. Reports and Other Information:......................................................................................... 33 3. Changes to Authorization .................................................................................................. 33 4. Certification ....................................................................................................................... 33 Reporting Requirements ................................................................................................................ 34 1. Planned Changes.............................................................................................................. 34 2. Anticipated Noncompliance............................................................................................... 34 3. Monitoring Reports. ........................................................................................................... 34 4. Twenty-four Hour Reporting. ............................................................................................. 34 5. Other Noncompliance........................................................................................................ 35 6. Other Information. ............................................................................................................. 35 Reopener Clause ........................................................................................................................... 35 Other Environmental Laws ............................................................................................................. 35 State or Tribal Law ......................................................................................................................... 35 Severability..................................................................................................................................... 35 Upset .............................................................................................................................................. 35 1. Definition ........................................................................................................................... 35 2. Effect of an Upset.............................................................................................................. 35 3. Conditions Necessary for a Demonstration of Upset ........................................................ 35 4. Burden of Proof ................................................................................................................. 36 BYPASS ........................................................................................................................................... 36 1. Definitions.......................................................................................................................... 36 2. Bypass not Exceeding Limitations .................................................................................... 36 3. Notice ................................................................................................................................ 36 4. Prohibition of Bypass......................................................................................................... 36 PART IX A. B. RETENTION OF RECORDS................................................................................................. 31 PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF PERMIT CONDITIONS .............................................. 36 Civil Penalties................................................................................................................................. 37 Criminal Penalties .......................................................................................................................... 37 PART X. DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................................ 37 PART XI. ACRONYMS.......................................................................................................................... 40 APPENDIX A - Example Inspection Report Form 4 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 PART I. COVERAGE UNDER THIS GENERAL PERMIT A. Permit Area. This general permit covers the state of Arizona, except for Indian Country. 1 B. Eligibility. This general permit authorizes stormwater discharges from construction activity as defined in Part X and stormwater discharges associated with support activities from temporary plants or operations set up to produce concrete, asphalt, or other materials for the permitted construction project. These discharges are eligible for permit coverage provided the operator complies with all the requirements of this general permit and submits a Notice of Intent (NOI) in accordance with Part II of this general permit. Any discharges that are not consistent with the eligibility conditions of this permit are not authorized by this permit. A person shall either apply for a separate Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (AZPDES) permit to cover such ineligible discharge(s), cease the discharge(s), or take necessary steps to make the discharge(s) eligible for coverage under this permit. Individual Permit Requirements. If an operator desires, or is required by ADEQ, to obtain an individual stormwater permit, the operator cannot use an NOI for this purpose. Instead, the operator shall contact the ADEQ for the proper application procedure. C. Authorized Discharges. 1. Allowable Stormwater Discharges. An operator may discharge pollutants in: a. Stormwater runoff associated with construction activities provided the discharge is conducted in compliance with this permit; b. Discharges designated by ADEQ as requiring a stormwater permit under 40 CFR 122.26(a)(1)(v); 40 CFR 122.26(b)(15)(ii); or under 40 CFR 122.26(a)(9); c. Stormwater discharges from support activities (e.g., concrete or asphalt batch plants, equipment staging yards, material storage areas, excavated material disposal areas, borrow areas) provided: i. The support activity is directly related to a construction site that is required to have AZPDES permit coverage for discharges of stormwater associated with construction activity; ii. The support activity is not a commercial operation (serving multiple unrelated construction projects by different operators) and does not operate beyond the completion of the construction activity for which the support activity is directly associated. iii. The support activity is not otherwise covered by a separate AZPDES permit; and iv. Appropriate best management practices (BMPs) for the discharges from the support activity areas are identified in the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and implemented. 2. Allowable Non-Stormwater Discharges. a. The operator shall reduce or eliminate discharge of non-stormwaters from construction sites to the extent practicable. The following are the only nonstormwater discharges allowed under this permit, provided appropriate BMPs are in place to assure compliance with (d) below: 1 The state of Arizona, Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Division, does not have permit authority for Indian Country. Construction discharge permits for Indian country within the state shall be acquired through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region IX or other appropriate permitting authority. 5 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. Discharges from emergency fire-fighting activities; Water used to control dust, provided reclaimed water or other wastewaters are not used; Routine external building wash down where detergents are not used; Pavement wash waters where spills or leaks of toxic or hazardous materials have not occurred (unless all spilled material has been removed) and where detergents are not used; Uncontaminated air conditioning or compressor condensate; Uncontaminated groundwater or spring water; Foundation or footing drains where flows are not contaminated with process materials such as solvents; Fire hydrant flushing, potable water line or well flushing where the receiving waters are ephemeral; Water used for compacting soil, provided reclaimed water or other wastewaters are not used; Water used for drilling and coring such as for evaluation of foundation materials, where flows are not contaminated with additives; and Uncontaminated waters obtained from dewatering operations/foundations in preparation for and during excavation and construction. Note: This permit does not prohibit the use of reuse/reclaimed or potable waters onsite for dust control or for landscape irrigation. However, such activities are to be managed in a way that they are not discharged off site or applied during rain events consistent with the reuse rules. Therefore, they are not permissible ‘discharges.’ b. c. d. e. f. D. The operator shall identify on the NOI all non-stormwater discharges listed above that are expected to be associated with the project’s construction activities. The operator shall address in the SWPPP all non-stormwater discharges listed above that are expected to be associated with the project’s construction activities as required in Part IV.E. When an allowable non-stormwater discharge listed above is unavoidable, the operator shall specify BMPs in the SWPPP and implement practices to minimize the frequency and duration of flow, and the concentration of pollutants (including sediments) in such discharges. All other non-stormwater discharges (not listed above) shall be eliminated or authorized under a separate AZPDES permit, as those discharges are not authorized under this permit. The operator may not discharge any non-stormwaters, except for emergency fire-fighting activities required to preserve human health or property, to impaired or unique waters under this permit. Limitations of Coverage. 1. Post-Construction Discharges. This general permit does not authorize stormwater discharges that originate from the site after construction activities have been completed and the site, including any temporary support activity site, has achieved final stabilization and a Notice of Termination (NOT) has been filed. Postconstruction stormwater discharges from industrial sites may need to be covered by a separate AZPDES permit. 6 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 2. Discharges Mixed with Non-Stormwater. This general permit does not authorize discharges that are mixed with sources of non-stormwater except as allowed in Part I.C.2. 3. Discharges Covered by Another AZPDES Permit. This general permit does not authorize stormwater discharges associated with construction activity that are covered under an individual permit or are required to obtain coverage under an alternative general permit. 4. Discharges to Impaired Waters. An operator is not automatically eligible to discharge under this permit if any portion of the site is within ¼ mile of receiving waters listed as impaired under 303(d) of the Clean Water Act. a. To receive authorization, the operator shall submit the NOI and SWPPP to ADEQ. The SWPPP shall specifically identify BMPs that will minimize the discharge of pollutants from the site which would contribute to or aggravate the receiving water’s impairment. The operator shall include in the SWPPP a monitoring plan that meets the requirements of Part V of this permit. b. If a discharge contains pollutants for which a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) has been established, the SWPPP shall specifically identify BMPs necessary to ensure the discharges will be consistent with the provisions of the TMDL. c. If the operator receives a notification from ADEQ that the SWPPP is incomplete or otherwise found to be deficient, the operator shall revise it to address the Department’s comments. Prior to authorization, ADEQ may require specific BMPs or monitoring be implemented or specific BMP design criteria be followed. d. Within 32 business days of receipt of the SWPPP and a complete and accurate NOI, ADEQ will notify the operator whether: 1) it is acceptable to proceed under this general permit; 2) the SWPPP requires revisions; or 3) there is cause for eligibility denial. If notification is not received in this timeframe, the operator may assume coverage under this permit. e. Where the existing water quality does not meet applicable water quality standards (i.e., Tier I Waters), further degradation is not allowed under this permit. If an operator’s discharge causes or contributes to non-attainment of standards, more effective and/or additional BMPs shall be added. If after the implementation of additional and/or more effective BMPs the discharge continues to contribute to nonattainment, the operator shall cease all discharges under this permit and apply for coverage under an individual permit. 5. Discharges to Unique Waters. An operator is not automatically eligible to discharge under this permit if any portion of the site is within ¼ mile of receiving a water listed as unique (a.k.a. an Outstanding Arizona Water, or OWA) in A.A.C. R18-11-112. a. To receive authorization, the operator shall submit the NOI and SWPPP to ADEQ. The SWPPP shall specifically identify BMPs that ensure the discharges will minimize discharge of pollutants from the site and that no degradation of the receiving water will occur. The operator shall include a monitoring plan in the SWPPP that meets the requirements of Part V of this permit. b. Non-stormwater discharges (except for emergency firefighting activities required to preserve human health or property) are prohibited from discharging to unique waters. c. If the operator receives a notification from ADEQ that the SWPPP is incomplete or otherwise determined to be deficient, the operator shall revise it addressing the Department’s comments. Prior to authorization, ADEQ may require that specific BMPs or monitoring be implemented or specific BMP 7 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 d. 6. E. design criteria be followed. Within 32 business days of receipt of the SWPPP and a complete and accurate NOI, ADEQ will notify the operator whether: 1) it is acceptable to proceed under the general permit; 2) the SWPPP requires revisions; or 3) there is cause for an eligibility denial. If notification is not received in this time-frame, the operator may assume coverage under this permit. Exempt Discharges. Persons performing the following activities are not required to seek coverage under this permit, unless specifically required under subsection (e) below: a. Construction projects that disturb less than one acre, unless part of a larger common plan of development or sale; b. Routine maintenance that disturbs less than five acres that is performed to maintain the original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of a facility or structure. c. Construction activities associated with the oil and gas exploration, production, processing, or treatment operations or transmission facilities (e.g., drilling site preparation, crude oil pipelines, etc). This exemption does not include construction associated with distribution lines that deliver natural gas to homes, businesses, or between substations, etc., and operate at relatively low pressures, or those pipelines that transport refined petroleum product and chemicals from refineries and chemical plants. 2 d. Construction activities covered under an Erosivity Waiver (Part I.E). e. Additional Condition for Exemption. Persons that are not required to file for permit coverage under this section shall operate exempt construction sites in a manner that minimizes pollutants in the discharges, including effectively stabilizing the site after completion of construction. In the event discharges from the site may cause or contribute to non-attainment of water quality standards, ADEQ may require the operator to obtain permit coverage. Erosivity Waivers for Small Construction Activities. A person performing construction activity which disturbs between one and five acres may be exempt from obtaining coverage under this permit based on a low potential for soil erosion for the duration of the project. However, if any discharge point from the construction site is within ¼ mile of animpaired or unique water, the site is not eligible for this waiver. This exemption is predicated on certain criteria being met and proper application procedures being followed: 1. Calculating Erosivity. Low potential for erosion is defined as a rainfall erosivity (R) factor of less than five as calculated using ADEQ’s Smart NOI Web site. The small construction project’s rainfall erosivity factor calculation shall be less than five during the entire period of construction activity. The period of construction activity begins at initial earth disturbance (commencement of construction activities) and ends with final site stabilization. The applicant shall certify to ADEQ that construction activity will occur only when the rainfall erosivity factor is less than five. Note: Construction activities that disturb five acres or greater, or less than five acres but 2 On June 12, 2006, USEPA published a rule that exempts construction activities at oil and gas sites from the requirement to obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit for stormwater discharges except in very limited instances. These amendments are consistent with the Energy Policy Act of 2005 signed by the President of the United States on August 8, 2005. This action also encourages voluntary application of best management practices (BMPs) for construction activities associated with oil and gas field activities and operations to minimize erosion and control sediment to protect surface water quality. The final rule became effective June 12, 2006. 8 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 are part of a common plan of development or sale, are not eligible for this waiver. 2. Permit Waiver Certification. The operator shall submit an AZPDES Permit Waiver Certification Form using the Smart NOI Web site to ADEQ before commencing construction activities. An operator of a construction activity that is eligible for a waiver based on low potential for erosion shall provide the following information on the Permit Waiver Certification Form: a. The name, address, and telephone number of the construction site operator(s); b. The name (or other identifier), address, county, and parcel or lot number as recorded by the county, of the construction project or site; c. An accurate (within 15 seconds) latitude and longitude (in degrees/minutes/seconds format) of the construction project or site at the point of discharge nearest to the receiving water; d. The project start and completion (final stabilization) dates; e. The total project acreage and the acreage to be disturbed by the operator submitting the NOI, to the nearest 1/2 acre; f. If there is potential for discharge to a municipal separate storm sewer system (including municipal streets and other improvements that can convey stormwater), the name of the municipal operator of the storm sewer; g. Verification that the rainfall erosivity factor calculation that applies to the active construction phase at the project site is less than five calculated using ADEQ’s Smart NOI Web site; and h. The certification statement, signed by a qualified signatory as defined in Part VIII.J. PART II. 3. Deadline for Notification. Operator(s) of a project which qualifies for the Permit Waiver shall ensure that ADEQ receives a signed Permit Waiver Certification Form at least two business days prior to the commencement of construction activities. In the absence of a Permit Waiver Certification submittal, ADEQ will assume that the operator was required to apply for coverage under the construction general permit. 4. Projects Which Extend Past Certified Period. If the small construction project continues beyond the calculated “end date” as shown on the Permit Waiver Certification, the operator is in violation of this permit. If this occurs, the operator shall prepare a SWPPP and submit an NOI as required under Parts II and III before the end of the certified waiver period. AUTHORIZATION UNDER THIS GENERAL PERMIT Important: The operator shall read and understand all the conditions and requirements of this permit before submitting any of the forms described in Part II. A. Prerequisites for Submitting a Notice of Intent (NOI). A person may be authorized to discharge under this permit only if the stormwater discharge is associated with construction activities from the project site. Prior to submission of a NOI, an applicant seeking authorization to discharge under this general permit shall: 1. Meet the eligibility requirements under Part I.B; and 2. Develop and implement a SWPPP that meets Part III of this permit and that covers either the entire site or all portions of the site for which the person is an operator. a. The SWPPP shall be prepared prior to submission of the NOI and shall be implemented prior to the start of construction. 9 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 b. B. The SWPPP is not required to be submitted to ADEQ (unless the project will discharge to an impaired or unique water as described in Part I.D.5 and I.D.6) but shall be retained and made available in accordance with Part III.G. Submitting a NOI. 1. Application Required. a. The operator shall submit separate, accurate and complete NOIs to ADEQ for each project that disturbs one or more acres of land. The operator of a common plan of development or sale that will ultimately disturb one or more acres must submit completed NOIs to the ADEQ. 2. b. Submission of the NOI demonstrates the operator’s intent to be covered by this permit; it is not a determination by ADEQ that the operator has met the eligibility requirements for the permit. Discharges are not authorized if ADEQ notifies the operator that further evaluation is necessary, or the discharges are not eligible for coverage under this permit. c. Whenever the operator changes or another is added during the construction project, the new operator shall also submit an NOI to be authorized under this permit before taking over operational control or commencing construction activities at the site. NOI Requirements. Construction site owners or operators seeking authorization for stormwater discharges under this general permit shall submit (by photocopy/fax/email/electronically) a complete and accurate AZPDES NOI form to ADEQ. The NOI form contains, at a minimum, the following information: a. The name, address, and telephone number of the construction site operator; b. Whether the operator is a federal, state, tribal, private, or other public entity; c. The type of project (including construction projects conducted by contractors on behalf of ADOT and projects requiring ADOT permits) shall be specifically identified on the NOI; d. Whether the project is part of a greater plan of development; e. Estimates of the total project acreage and the acreage to be disturbed by the operator submitting the NOI, to the nearest 1/2 acre; f. The printed name (or other identifier), address, county, lot number or parcel or lot number as recorded by the county, of the construction project or site; g. An accurate (within 15 seconds) latitude and longitude (in degrees/minutes/seconds format) of the construction project or site at the point nearest the closest receiving water. For sites which are part of a larger common plan of development, the operator shall provide the latitude and longitude of the discharge point for the portion of the site covered by that NOI; h. Whether any part of the site is located on Indian Country; i. Confirmation that a SWPPP meeting the requirements in Part III of this permit has been developed and will be implemented prior to commencement of construction activities. If the NOI is a late application, the operator shall certify that a SWPPP has been developed and implemented prior to submittal of the NOI; j. The onsite location where the SWPPP may be viewed and the name and telephone number of a contact person; k. Unless all discharges from the site go to a municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4), provide the name(s) of the closest receiving water(s) which may include unnamed washes; l. The name of the MS4 into which there is a potential to discharge, if applicable; m. The project’s estimated start and completion dates; 10 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 n. o. p. q Any non-stormwater discharges expected to be associated with construction activities at the site; Whether the project has or will need any other environmental permits or approvals, including, but not limited to, subdivision approvals, air quality 404 permits (etc.), and the permit number(s), if applicable; Whether any portion is within 1/4 mile of an impaired or unique water; and The following certification statement, signed and dated by a qualified signatory, as defined in Part VIII.J, and the name and title of the person who signs: “I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision, as applicable, in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage this system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, I believe the information submitted is true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment. In addition as an owner or operator, I certify that I have reviewed and intend to comply with all terms and conditions stipulated in 2008 Construction General Permit No. AZG2008-001 issued by the Director.” 3. Where to Submit. The applicant shall submit the NOI electronically via the Smart NOI Web site or submit a paper copy to: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Surface Water Section/Permits Unit/Stormwater NOIs (5415A-1) 1110 W. Washington Street Phoenix, Arizona 85007 or fax to (602) 771-4528 Note: The operator shall receive an Authorization Certificate (by mail, faxed, or electronically via the Smart NOI system for electronic submittals with esignatures) assigning a permit authorization number and stating the approval date. This Authorization Certificate is not the permit - it merely acknowledges that the NOI has been received by the Department and the operator is authorized to discharge subject to the terms and conditions of this general permit. 4. Notification to Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems/Local Authorities. If the construction site is located within municipal boundary or within Pima or Maricopa Counties for new or revised NOIs, the operator shall send a copy of the certificate authorizing permit coverage to the local authority(s). 5. Effective Date of Permit Coverage. a. Incomplete NOI Submitted. i. If ADEQ notifies the operator that an NOI is incomplete or incorrect, the operator shall resubmit an amended NOI if the operator still intends to obtain coverage under this permit; and ii. Whether or not ADEQ notifies the operator of a deficiency in the NOI, discharges are not authorized under this permit if the operator submits an incomplete or incorrect NOI. b. Discharges to Impaired or Unique Waters. Applicants proposing a site that has the potential for discharge to reach impaired or unique waters are not 11 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 authorized under this permit for a minimum of 32 business days following receipt of the signed NOI and SWPPP. ADEQ may notify operators within this time-frame that there is cause for SWPPP amendment or denial of coverage as specified in Parts I.D.5 and I.D.6 of this permit. If notification is not received in the 32 business day time period, the operator must verify with the Department that the Surface Water Section received the NOI and SWPPP prior to commencement of construction activities. c. NOIs Requiring Additional Evaluation. ADEQ may notify an operator that authorization to discharge shall not occur for up to 32 business days in the event that review of the NOI identifies information requiring further evaluation. This notification may be made either in writing, email, by fax or phone contact. Operators receiving notice of a delay in coverage may discharge 32 business days after the date the signed NOI is received unless further notice is received from ADEQ during this time period. Such further notice may confirm authorization to discharge or deny permit coverage and require an application for an individual permit. d. Routine Coverage. Except as provided in 5.a. through.5.c. above, an eligible operator is authorized to discharge stormwater from a construction project 7 calendar days after a signed NOI is received by ADEQ’s Surface Water Section or when an authorization certificate is issued, whichever is earlier. However, in order to rely on the 7 calendar day “default” provision, the operator must submit the NOI in a manner that documents the date of ADEQ’s receipt (i.e., certified mail, hand delivery, etc.). Alternatively, applicants that submit a SMART NOI using the electronic signature feature will typically obtain immediate authorization unless the site is located near unique or impaired waters or in areas designated for review due to potential endangered species concerns. 6. e. Existing Construction Projects. Parts II.B.5.(b),(c), and (d) do not apply to operators of on-going construction projects that were authorized to discharge under Arizona’s 2003 Construction General Permit (AZG2003001), and that comply with the conditions of Part II.B.6.b of this permit. f. Change in Operators. For construction projects where the operator changes, including instances where an operator is added after an NOI has been submitted, the new operator shall receive an authorization certificate before assuming operational control or commencing work on-site. Deadlines for Notification. a. New Projects. An operator of a construction project shall receive an NOI authorization or waiver certification prior to taking over operational control or the commencement of construction activities (i.e., the initial disturbance of soils associated with clearing, grading, excavation activities, or other construction activities). b. Ongoing Construction Projects. Operators of construction projects ongoing as of the effective date of this permit that received authorization to discharge for these projects under the expired Construction General Permit (AZG2003-001) shall: i) For the first 120 days from the effective date of this permit, continue to comply with the terms and conditions of the expired Construction General Permit (AZG2003-001); ii) Update the SWPPP as necessary to comply with the requirements 12 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 iii) of Part III of this permit within 90 days of the effective date of this permit (and before submitting a new NOI as described in Part II.B.6.b.iii below); and Submit a complete and accurate NOI according to Part II within 120 days of the effective date of this permit. The previously issued Authorization Number (AZCON-XXXXX) must be included on the NOI for identification purposes. Note: this is not considered a revision to the original NOI. Note: 7. C. If the operator is eligible to submit a Notice of Termination (NOT) (e.g., construction is finished and final stabilization has been achieved) before the 120th day, a new NOI is not required to be submitted, provided a NOT is submitted before the 120th day of the effective date of this permit. Late Applications. The operator is only permitted for discharges that occur after a complete and accurate NOI is received by ADEQ and authorization is granted. ADEQ reserves the right to take enforcement action for any un-permitted discharges or permit noncompliance that occur between the time construction commenced and either permit authorization is granted, denied, or a complete and accurate Permit Waiver Certification for is submitted and the wavier is approved. Submitting a Notice of Termination. 1. Notice Required. The operator shall submit a complete and accurate Notice of Termination (NOT) to ADEQ within 30 days after any of the following conditions have been met: a. Final stabilization has been achieved on all portions of the site for which the operator is responsible, unless otherwise required in the following parts. Final stabilization means that one of the following conditions (i, ii, or iii) is met: i. All soil disturbing activities at the site have been completed; all construction materials, waste, and temporary erosion and sediment control BMPs (including any sediment that was being retained by the temporary erosion and sediment control BMPs) have been removed and properly disposed; and either A or B below is met: A) A uniform (e.g., evenly distributed, without large bare areas) perennial vegetative cover with a density of 70% of the native background vegetative cover for the area is in place on all unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures. ii. When preconstruction native background vegetation covered less than 100% of the ground (e.g., arid areas, beaches), the 70% coverage criteria is adjusted as follows: if the native vegetation covered 50% of the ground, 70% of 50% (.70 X .50 = .35) or 35% cover density would be required, or B) Equivalent permanent stabilization measures (such as the use of riprap, decomposed granite, gabions, or geotextiles) have been employed. For individual lots in residential construction, final stabilization means that the homebuilder: A) Has completed final stabilization as specified in Part II C.1.a.i. above, or B) Has established temporary stabilization, including 13 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 b. c. d. e. Note: 2. perimeter controls, for an individual lot prior to occupation of the home by the homeowner and has informed the homeowner of the need for, and benefits of, final stabilization. iii. For construction projects on land used for agricultural purposes (e.g., pipelines across crop or range land), final stabilization may be accomplished by returning the disturbed land to its preconstruction agricultural use. Areas disturbed that were not previously used for agricultural activities, such as buffer strips immediately adjacent to water of the U.S., and areas that are not being returned to their preconstruction agricultural use shall meet the final stabilization criteria above. Another operator who has a valid authorization number under this general permit or an appropriate AZPDES permit has assumed control over all areas of the site that have not been finally stabilized; For residential construction only, temporary stabilization has been completed and the residence has been transferred to the homeowner (or a homeowner’s association) in accordance with Part II.C.1.a.ii above; The planned construction activity identified on the original NOI was never initiated (i.e, no grading or earthwork was ever started) and plans for construction have been permanently abandoned or indefinitely postponed. The operator has obtained coverage for the site area under another AZPDES permit. NOTs can only be filed for those sites which obtained timely permit authorization by submitting a complete and accurate NOI. Sites which did not receive permit authorization have no permit coverage to terminate. NOT Requirements. The operator shall submit to ADEQ a complete and accurate AZPDES NOT form (photocopy/fax/email/ electronic). The NOT form at a minimum shall include: a. The AZPDES authorization number for the stormwater discharge; b. The basis for submission of the NOT; c. The name, address, and telephone number of the operator submitting the NOT; d. The name of the project and street address (or a description of location if no street address is available) of the construction site for which the notification is submitted; e. An accurate latitude and longitude (in degrees/minutes/seconds format) of the construction project or site at the point nearest to the receiving water; and f. The following certification, signed by a qualified signatory as defined in Part VllI.K.2 of this permit, the printed name and title of the person who signs, and including the date of signature. For construction projects with more than one operator, the operator shall only make this certification for those portions of the construction site where he was authorized under this permit and not for areas where he was not an operator: “I certify under penalty of law that all stormwater discharges associated with construction activity from the identified facility that are authorized by a general permit have been eliminated or that I am no longer the operator of the facility or construction site. I understand that by submitting this Notice of Termination, I am no longer authorized to discharge stormwater associated with construction activity under this general permit, and that discharging pollutants in stormwater associated with construction activity to waters of the United States is 14 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 unlawful under the Clean Water Act where the discharge is not authorized by a NPDES or AZPDES permit. I also understand that the submittal of this Notice of Termination does not release me from liability for any violations of this permit or the Clean Water Act.” 3. Where to Submit. The operator shall submit the complete and accurate NOT form electronically via the Smart NOI Web site or submit a paper copy to: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Surface Water Section / Stormwater & General Permits 1110 W. Washington Street, 5415A-1 Phoenix, Arizona 85007 or fax to (602) 771-4528 Note: PART III. A. The permittee shall receive an acknowledgement letter upon ADEQ’s receipt of the permittee’s completed NOT form. 4. Notification to Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems/Local Authorities. If the construction site was located within any municipal boundary or in Pima or Maricopa Counties, the operator shall send a copy of the NOT acknowledgement letter to the local authority. 5. Effective Date of Permit Termination. Authorization to discharge terminates under this permit at midnight on the date the NOT is received by the Department. STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN (SWPPP) PREPARATION General Information. 1. The operator shall prepare a SWPPP before submitting the NOI for permit coverage and prior to conducting any construction activity (For projects that did not prepare a SWPPP and file an NOI before commencement of construction activity, see late filing in Part II.B.2.i) At least one SWPPP must be developed for each construction project or site covered by this permit. A joint SWPPP may be developed and implemented as a cooperative effort where there is more than one operator at a site. All operators shall either implement their portion of a common SWPPP or develop and implement their own SWPPP. 2. The SWPPP shall be prepared and implemented in accordance with good engineering practices and shall: a. Identify all potential sources of pollution that may reasonably be expected to affect the quality of stormwater discharges from the construction site; b. Identify, describe, and ensure implementation of BMPs that will be used to reduce pollutants in stormwater discharges from the construction site; c. Assure compliance with the terms and conditions of this permit; and d. Identify the responsible party for on-site SWPPP implementation. 3. All operator(s) shall sign and certify the SWPPP they will implement in accordance with Part VIlI.J. 4. The operator shall implement the SWPPP from initial commencement of construction activity until final stabilization is complete and an NOT is filed, or an NOT transferring the site to a new operator is received by ADEQ. 15 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 5. B. Types of Operators 1. Definition of Operator. Operator means any person associated with a construction project that meets one or both of the following two criteria: a. The person has operational control over construction plans and specifications, including the ability to make modifications to those plans and specifications; or b. The person has day-to-day operational control of those activities at a project which are necessary to ensure compliance with a SWPPP for the site or other permit conditions (e.g., they are authorized to direct workers at a site to carry out activities required by the SWPPP or comply with other permit conditions). 2. C. SWPPPs that do not meet all provisions of this permit are considered incomplete. Operating under an incomplete or inadequate SWPPP is a violation of the permit. Operator Requirements. Either Part III.B.2.a or B.2.b, or both, will apply depending on the type of operational control a person exerts over the site. Part III.B.2.c applies to all operators who have control over only a portion of a construction site. a. Operators with Operational Control over Construction Plans and Specifications shall ensure that: i. The SWPPP indicates the areas of the project where the operator has operational control over project specifications, including the ability to make modifications in specifications; ii. All other operators implementing portions of the SWPPP impacted by any changes made to the SWPPP are notified of such modifications in a timely manner; and iii. The SWPPP indicates the name(s) of the party(ies) with day-to-day operational control of those activities necessary to ensure compliance with the SWPPP or other permit conditions. b. Operators with Control over Day-to-Day Activities shall ensure that: i. The SWPPP identifies the parties responsible for implementation of BMPs identified in the SWPPP; ii. The SWPPP indicates areas of the project where each operator has operational control over day-to-day activities; and iii. The SWPPP indicates the name(s) of the party(ies) with operational control over project specifications (including the ability to make modifications in specifications). c. Operators with Control over Only a Portion of a Larger Project (e.g., one of four homebuilders in a subdivision), are responsible for compliance with the terms and conditions of this permit as it relates to the activities on his/her portion of the construction site (including implementation of BMPs required by the SWPPP). Operators shall ensure either directly or through coordination with other operators, that activities do not render another party’s BMP(s) ineffective. Site and Activity Description 1. Identification of Operators. The SWPPP shall identify all operators, including contact information, for the project site and the areas over which each operator has control. 2. Site Description. The SWPPP shall describe the nature of the construction activity, including: a. A description of the project and its intended use after the NOT is filed (e.g. low density residential, shopping mall, highway, etc.); 16 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 b. c. d. e. f. 3. A description of the intended sequence of activities that disturb soils at the site (e.g., grubbing, excavation, grading, utilities, infrastructure installation, etc.); The total area of the site, and an estimate of the total area of the site expected to be disturbed by construction activities including off-site supporting activities, borrow and fill areas, staging and equipment storage areas; The percentage of the site that is impervious (e.g., paved, roofed, etc.) before and after construction; A description of the site’s soils including potential for erosion; and A general location map (e.g., USGS quadrangle map, a portion of a city or county map, or other map) with enough detail to identify: i. The location of the construction site and one mile radius; and ii. The waters of the U.S. including tributaries within one mile radius of the site. Site Map. The SWPPP shall contain legible site map(s) completed to scale, showing the entire site that identifies: a. Drainage divides and direction of stormwater flow for all drainage areas located within the project limits (i.e., use arrows to show which way stormwater will flow); b. Areas of soil disturbance and areas that will not be disturbed; c. Locations of temporary and permanent BMPs identified in the SWPPP; d. Locations where stabilization BMPs are expected to occur; e. Locations of on-site material, waste, borrow areas, or equipment storage areas, and other supporting activities (per Part I.C.1.c); f. Locations of all surface water bodies (including dry/ephemeral washes and wetlands). If none exist on site, the SWPPP shall indicate so; g. Locations where stormwater discharges to a surface water (including wetlands, ephemeral waters and dry washes) and to a municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) (i.e., use arrows to indicate discharge location). Where surface waters and/or MS4s receiving stormwater will not fit on the plan sheet, they shall be identified with an arrow indicating the direction and distance to the surface water and/or MS4; h. Locations and registration numbers of all on-site dry wells and dry wells on adjacent properties that have the potential to receive stormwater from the site (If none exist the SWPPP shall indicate so); i. Areas where final stabilization has been accomplished and no further construction permit requirements apply (if none, the SWPPP shall indicate so); and j. Location of trees and boundaries of environmentally sensitive areas and buffer zones to be preserved shall be identified. Note: If a marked-up site map is too full to be easily read the operator should date and fold it, put it in the SWPPP for documentation, and start a new one. 4. Receiving Waters. The SWPPP shall identify the nearest receiving water(s), including ephemeral and intermittent streams, dry washes, and arroyos. If applicable, the SWPPP shall also identify the areal extent and describe any wetlands near the site that could be disturbed or that could potentially receive discharges from disturbed areas of the project. 5. Best Management Practices. a. The SWPPP shall describe all BMPs as required in Part IV and that will be implemented as part of the construction project to control pollutants in stormwater discharges. 17 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 b. c. 6. For each major activity identified at Part III.C.2.b in the project sequence of activities description, the SWPPP shall clearly describe: i. Appropriate BMPs; ii. The general sequence during the construction process or schedule that the BMPs will be implemented; and iii. Which operator is responsible for the implementation of the BMPs. Standard detail drawings and/or specifications for the structural BMPs, including design or installation details, used on the project shall be included in the SWPPP. Summary of Potential Pollutant Sources. The SWPPP shall identify the location and describe any pollutant sources from areas other than construction (i.e., support activities including stormwater discharges from dedicated asphalt or concrete plants and any other non-construction pollutant sources such as fueling and maintenance operations, materials stored on-site, waste piles, equipment staging yards, etc.). The operator shall implement BMPs in these areas to minimize pollutant discharges and shall detail these BMPs in the SWPPP. If any discharge point from the construction site is within ¼ mile of an impaired water, the SWPPP shall identify sources of the pollutants of concern listed on the 303(d) list that may potentially be discharged from the construction site and describe additional or enhanced BMPs to minimize discharges of these pollutants. D. Permit Related Records The operator shall include in the SWPPP: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. E. A copy of this permit; A copy of the NOI application that was submitted to ADEQ; A copy of the authorization certificate received from ADEQ; Identification of any municipality that received a copy of the authorization certificate; and Copies of any other agreements (such as 404 permits, local grading permits, etc) with any state, local, or federal agencies that would affect the provisions or implementation of the SWPPP, if applicable. Maintaining an Updated SWPPP The SWPPP shall be revised as necessary during permit coverage to reflect current conditions and to maintain accuracy if there are changes in design or construction of the project, or if the SWPPP is found to be deficient. The operator shall amend the SWPPP within 15 business days whenever: 1. There is a change in design, construction, operation, or maintenance at the construction site that may have a significant effect on the discharge of pollutants to the waters of the U.S. that has not been previously addressed in the SWPPP; or 2. During inspections, monitoring if required, or investigations by the operator or by local, state, municipal separate storm sewer system, or federal officials, it is determined the discharges are causing or contributing to water quality exceedances or the SWPPP is ineffective in eliminating or significantly minimizing pollutants in stormwater discharges from the construction site. Changes in the revised SWPPP shall be implemented before the next rain event whenever practicable. If this is impracticable, then reason(s) shall be documented in the SWPPP and revisions implemented as soon as possible. 18 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 F. Deficiencies in the SWPPP ADEQ may notify the operator at any time that the SWPPP does not meet one or more of the requirements of this permit. The notification shall identify the parts of this permit that are not being met and parts of the SWPPP that require modification to comply with permit. Within 15 calendar days of receipt of the notification from ADEQ (or as otherwise provided by ADEQ), the operator shall make the required changes to the SWPPP and submit to ADEQ a written certification that the changes have been made. ADEQ may require re-submittal of the SWPPP to confirm all deficiencies have been adequately addressed. ADEQ also is not precluded from taking enforcement action for any period of time the operator was operating under a SWPPP that did not meet the minimum requirements of this permit. G. Posting, SWPPP Review and Making SWPPPs Available 1. The operator must post the authorization number(s) in a conspicuous location near the main entrance of the construction site and retain a copy of the authorization certificate in the SWPPP. For linear projects, the authorization number(s) must be posted near the entrance where most of the construction activity is occurring. 2. PART IV. A. A copy of the site specific SWPPP shall be made available from commencement of construction activities to the date of final stabilization and NOT submittal as follows: a) The SWPPP shall be on-site whenever construction or support activities are actively underway, and b) The SWPPP shall be locally available to the Department or any other federal, state or local authority having jurisdiction over the project at any reasonable time (generally Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 5:00 pm). 3. The SWPPP shall be made available to the Department or any other federal, state, tribal, or local authority having jurisdiction over stormwater discharges from the project at the time of an on-site inspection. 4. Any person, including, tribal authority, state, federal or local agency may view the SWPPP or make a written request to ADEQ for access to a copy of the SWPPP. ADEQ may request, and within 7 calendar days the operator shall provide, a copy for ADEQ to make available for public review. BMP REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES General Requirements. The operator shall: 1. Identify and describe all BMPs to be implemented at the construction site in the SWPPP. 2. Properly select, install, and maintain all structural BMPs per the manufacturers’ specifications and good engineering practices so BMPs remain functional and effective. 3. Design and implement a combination of erosion and sediment control BMPs to keep sediment in place and to capture sediment to the extent practicable before it leaves the site. Note: Soil crusting from water application, a practice commonly used for dust control is not an effective or acceptable erosion control/stabilization BMP for compliance with this permit. 19 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 B. 4. Install sediment control/perimeter control BMPs before upgradient land is disturbed. Temporary BMPs shall not be removed until final stabilization is achieved except when temporary control structures must be moved in order to allow construction activities to continue. In this instance, the operator shall implement equivalent measures to ensure the same level of protection in minimizing potential pollutant discharges. 5. Phase or sequence construction activities, as practicable, to minimize the area of disturbance at any one time. Erosion Control/Stabilization BMPs 1. 2. Description. The operator shall implement interim and permanent erosion control and stabilization BMPs on-site and shall comply with the following: a. Preserving Natural Vegetation. Where practicable, existing vegetationshould be preserved. If natural vegetation can be preserved, the operator shall clearly mark vegetation before clearing activities begin. Locations of trees and boundaries of environmentally sensitive areas and buffer zones to be preserved shall be identified on the SWPPP site map; b. Seeding/Vegetation. If revegetation plans include seeding, the SWPPP shall include seed mix and application specifications that will be used for vegetative stabilization. If the operator uses fertilizers or tackifiers on-site to establish vegetation, BMPs shall be established to minimize the presence of these chemicals in the discharge. c. Culvert Stabilization. If culverts are present on the site, the SWPPP shall include measures to sufficiently minimize the threat of erosion at culvert locations to prevent the formation of rills and gullies during construction; and d. Run-on Management. If off site areas direct flow onto the construction site, the SWPPP shall include plans to either divert run-on flows, or otherwise provide engineering controls and BMPs to account for off site contributions of stormwater and non-stormwater flow. Schedule and Deadlines for Stabilization. The operator must provide temporary stabilization, or initiate permanent stabilization, of disturbed areas within 14 calendar days of the most recent land disturbance in areas where construction or support activities have temporarily been suspended or have permanently ceased, except as follows: a. Where stabilization by the 14th day is precluded by snow cover or frozen ground conditions, stabilization measures shall be initiated as soon as practicable; b. When the site is using vegetative stabilization but is located in an arid area during dry or drought-type conditions, vegetative stabilization measures shall be initiated as soon as practicable, when growing conditions are best for planting or seeding; c. When the site is using vegetative stabilization and is located in an area of the state experiencing drought conditions (see definitions), vegetative stabilization measures shall be initiated as soon as practicable; d. Stabilization shall be initiated within 7 calendar days, for areas within 50 feet of an impaired or unique water. e. Where disturbed areas are awaiting vegetative stabilization for periods greater than 14 calendar days after the most recent disturbance, non-vegetative 20 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 methods of stabilization shall be employed. These methods shall be described in the SWPPP. 3. Records of Stabilization. The operator shall maintain the following records as part of the SWPPP: a. b. c. C. Dates when major grading activities occur; Dates when construction activities temporarily or permanently cease on any portion of the site; and Dates when stabilization measures are initiated and completed and reasons for delay, if applicable. Sediment Control BMPs The operator shall implement structural BMPs to divert flows from exposed soils, store flows, or otherwise limit run-off and the discharge of pollutants from exposed areas of the site to the degree attainable. Placement of structural BMPs within the floodplain shall be avoided to the extent practicable. 1. Perimeter Control. The operator shall use silt fences, vegetative buffer strips, sediment traps, or equivalent sediment control BMPs at all times for all down slope boundaries (and for those side slope boundaries deemed appropriate as dictated by individual site conditions) of the construction area unless a sediment basin that will store either a calculated volume of runoff from a 2 year, 24 hour storm, or 3,600 cubic feet per acre drained, is provided. 2. Soil Stockpiles. The operator shall use silt fences or other effective sediment control BMPs around soil stockpiles except when stockpiles are being actively worked (i.e., controls must be in place evenings, weekends, and other down times). The operator shall not place stockpiles in washes or other surface waters, or in stormwater conveyances such as curb and gutter systems, or in streets leading to such conveyances. 3. Sediment Basins and Traps. a. Where attainable, the operator shall provide temporary (or permanent) sediment basins at sites with common drainage locations that serve an area with 10 or more acres disturbed at one time. The operator shall design and construct basins as follows: i. The basin shall provide storage for a calculated volume of runoff from a 2 year, 24 hour rain event from each disturbed acre drained; or ii. Where no calculation is performed, a sediment basin providing 3,600 cubic feet of storage per acre drained shall be provided. When computing the number of acres draining into a common location it is not necessary to include flows from offsite areas, if such flows are diverted around both the disturbed areas and the sediment basin. It is, however, necessary to include all sources of on-site flow that will reach the basin, including areas that are undisturbed and areas that have undergone final stabilization. In determining whether installing a sediment basin is attainable, the operator shall consider physical limitations at the site such as soils, slope, and available on-site area. If non-attainability is claimed, the operator shall explain in the SWPPP why a sediment basin is non-attainable. The operator shall also consider public safety, especially as it relates to children, as a design factor for sediment basin attainability and shall implement alternative 21 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 sediment control BMPs if site limitations preclude a safe design. The SWPPP shall provide sizing and calculation requirements for sediment basin(s) and shall indicate whether the basin(s) will be temporary or permanent. 4. b. The operator shall use smaller sediment basins and/or sediment traps for linear projects and for drainage locations that serve 10 or more disturbed acres at one time if a sediment basin meeting the provision of Part IV C.3.a is not attainable. c. The operator shall maintain sediment basin, ponds, and traps, and remove accumulated sediment when design capacity has been reduced by 50%. Sediment basin, ponds, and traps must be maintained until final stabilization of the site is obtained. d. For linear projects and drainage locations serving less than 10 acres, smaller sediment basins and/or traps shall be used. Discharge of Sediments During Dry Weather. The operator shall implement effective BMPs that ensure there is no discharge of sediments from construction activities to any water body including dry washes during dry weather. Note: D. This is not intended to apply to blowing dust, or to track-out that is otherwise managed as required in this permit. 5. Velocity Dissipation Devices. The operator shall place velocity dissipation BMPs along the length of any outfall channel on-site, and at locations where discharges leave the construction site as necessary to provide a non-erosive flow velocity. 6. Storm Drain Inlet Protection. The operator shall at all times during construction provide effective sediment control BMPs at storm drain inlets that discharge, or could discharge, to waters of the U.S. or to a local MS4 until all sources with potential for discharging to the inlet are stabilized. 7. Construction Site Entrance and Egress. The operator shall implement effective BMPs to minimize tracking of sediments, debris and other pollutants from vehicles and equipment entering and leaving the site (e.g., stone pads, concrete or steel wash racks, or equivalent systems). Non-Structural BMPs 1. Good Housekeeping BMPs. The operator shall implement good housekeeping procedures to prevent litter, construction debris, and construction chemicals exposed to stormwater from becoming a pollutant source for stormwater discharges. These procedures shall include storage practices to minimize exposure of the materials to stormwater, and spill prevention and response practices. 2. Fueling and Maintenance Areas. The operator shall implement BMPs to minimize discharges from construction equipment fueling operations and maintenance areas. 3. On-site and Offsite Material Storage. The operator shall identify and describe all material storage areas (including overburden and stockpiles of dirt, borrow areas, etc.) used for the permitted project in the SWPPP unless those areas are covered by another AZPDES permit. 4. Concrete Washout. Where possible, concrete suppliers should conduct washout 22 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 activities at their own plants or dispatch facilities. E. Non-Stormwater Discharge BMPs 1. 2. 3. 4. The operator shall not allow any non-stormwater discharges from the site unless they are specifically authorized in Part I.C.2. The operator shall eliminate or reduce all non-stormwater discharges to the extent practicable. If discharges cannot be eliminated, the operator shall include the following information in the SWPPP for all non-stormwater discharge (except for flows from emergency fire fighting activities), i. Identification of each non-stormwater discharge expected to be associated with the project; ii. The location(s) where each discharge is likely to occur; and iii. Appropriate BMPs that the operator will use to minimize the discharge of pollutants. The operator shall ensure all water from dewatering or basin draining activities is discharged in a manner that does not cause nuisance conditions, including erosion in receiving channels or on surrounding properties. The operator shall retain superchlorinated wastewaters (i.e., containing chlorine above residual levels acceptable in drinking water systems) on-site until the chlorine dissipates, or shall otherwise effectively dechlorinate the water prior to discharge. Note. As with any non-stormwater, if acceptable to the local sanitary sewer authority, this wastewater may be discharged to the sanitary sewer. In this case, dechlorination is not required by this permit. F. Post-Construction Stormwater Management 1. The SWPPP shall include a description of post-construction stormwater management BMPs that will be installed during the construction process to control pollutants in stormwater discharges after construction has been completed. 2. If ‘temporary’ sediment basins are to be used as/converted to retention or detention basins in the post-construction phase, the operator shall remove and properly dispose of all sediments accumulated in the basin during construction activities prior to filing an NOT. 3. Post-construction structural BMPs shall be placed on upland soils to the degree attainable. 4. New discharge connections or permanent stormwater outfalls to unique waters are prohibited under this permit . Note: The installation of these devices may also require a separate permit under section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Note: This permit only authorizes and requires the operator to install and maintain stormwater management measures up to and including final stabilization of the site, and does not required continued maintenance after stormwater discharges associated with the construction activity have been eliminated form the site and a NOT has been filed. However, post-construction stormwater BMPs that discharge pollutants from point sources once construction is complete, may in themselves, need authorization under separate AZPDES permit. G. Other BMPs The SWPPP shall describe: 1. 2. Measures to prevent the discharge of solid materials, including building materials, to waters of the US, except as authorized by a permit issued under section 404 of the Clean Water Act; Specific locations of concrete and vehicle washout activities that will occur at the 23 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 construction site. The operator shall employ measures to contain and manage onsite vehicle and equipment washwater and concrete wash-out to prevent discharge (see Part IV.D.3) and consistent with applicable Aquifer Protection Program (APP) permits. H. Inspections The operator shall provide “qualified personnel” to perform inspections according to the selected inspection schedule identified in the SWPPP. 1. 2. Inspection Schedule. a. Routine Inspection Schedule. The operator shall ensure inspections are performed at the site as indicated below to ensure BMPs are functional and that the SWPPP is being properly implemented. i. The site will be inspected a minimum of once every 7 calendar days, OR ii. The site will be inspected a minimum of once every 14 calendar days, and also within 24 hours of the end of each rain event of 0.5inches or greater. Note: The Department encourages adding inspections before and/or during predicted rain events and “spot” inspections to ensure BMPs will be effective in managing stormwater runoff and associated pollutants. b. Reduced Inspection Schedule. The operator may reduce inspection If the entire site has been temporarily stabilized; or runoff is unlikely due to winter conditions (e.g., site is covered with snow, ice, or frozen ground exists). In this case, the site shall be inspected at least once every 28 calendar days, and before an anticipated rain event and within 24 hours of the end of each rain event of 0.5 inches or greater in 24 hours. c. Inspection Schedule for Sites within ¼ mile of Impaired or Unique Waters. If any discharge point from the construction site is within ¼ mile of a unique or impaired water, the operator shall inspect the site at least once every 7 calendar days. In addition, the operator shall visually observe stormwater discharges at all discharge locations within one business day after each rain event of 0.5 inches or greater in 24 hours. Note: If an inspection day (except those required relative to a rainfall event) falls on a Saturday or holiday, the inspection may be conducted on the preceding workday. If the inspection day falls on a Sunday, the inspection may be conducted on the following Monday. Inspector Qualifications. All Inspections shall be done by qualified personnel. “Qualified personnel” means a person (or personnel) knowledgeable in the principles and practice of erosion and sediment control BMPs, and who possesses the skills and abilities to assess conditions at the site that could impact stormwater quality and the effectiveness of the BMPs selected to control the quality of the stormwater discharges. The inspector(s) name, title and a description of his/her qualifications and a copy of his/her training certificate, if any, shall be included in the SWPPP before construction begins. Inspector information shall be updated whenever a new inspector is brought onto the project. 24 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 3. Scope of Inspections. a. At a minimum, the inspector shall examine each of the following during each inspection: i. Good housekeeping BMPS; ii. All erosion and sediment control BMPs identified in the SWPPP to ensure they are in place and functioning as intended; iii. All areas of the site disturbed by construction activity and areas used for storage of materials that are exposed to precipitation; iv. Locations where vehicles and equipment enter or exit the site for evidence of tracking sediment, debris, and other pollutants onto and off the site; v. Site conditions for evidence of, or the potential for, pollutants entering the municipal separate storm sewer; vi. Accessible discharge locations or discharge points to ascertain whether erosion and sediment control BMPs are effective in preventing significant impacts to receiving waters; and vii. Where discharge locations are inaccessible, nearby downstream locations to the extent that the inspections are practicable. b. The inspector shall document all areas inspected, the presence and effectiveness of BMPs, and the conditions found at the time of inspection. c. All nonfunctional and underperforming BMPs shall be repaired, replaced o r supplemented with functional BMPs, as specified in Part IV.I.2. 4. Inspection Report. For each inspection, the operator shall complete an inspection report which provides information that is equivalent to the sample form provided in Appendix A. Within 24 hours of completing the inspection, the corresponding inspection report shall be placed with previous reports (in chronological order) and kept with the SWPPP. At a minimum, the report shall include: a. The inspection date; b. Name(s) and title(s) of qualified person(s) making the inspection; c. Weather information for the period since the last inspection (or since commencement of construction activity for the first inspection) including: i. Best estimate of the beginning of each rain event; ii. Duration of each event; iii. Time elapsed since last rain event; and iv. Approximate amount of rainfall for each event (in inches). d. Location(s) of discharges of sediment or other pollutants from the site; e. For inspections occurring during or after a rain event, a description of stormwater that is discharging from the site (presence of suspended sediment, turbid water, discoloration, and/or oil sheen, as applicable), when present; f. Location(s) and identification of BMPs that need to be maintained, failed to operate as designed, or proved inadequate; g. Location(s) where additional BMPs are needed that did not exist at the time of inspection are needed; h. Identification of all sources of non-stormwater discharges occurring at the site and associated BMPs inplace; i. Identification of material storage areas and, evidence of or potential for, pollutant discharge from such areas; j. Corrective actions required, including any changes to SWPPP necessary, and implementation dates (of corrective actions/maintenance, and SWPPP changes); k. Identification of any non-compliance with the conditions of this permit, or where the inspector does not identify any incidents of non-compliance, the inspection report shall contain a certification that the construction project or site is being operated in compliance with the SWPPP and this permit; and 25 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 l. 5. I. Revising the SWPPP. Based on the results of the inspection, the operator shall revise the SWPPP as needed to include additional or modified BMPs designed to correct problems identified. The operator shall complete revisions to the SWPPP within 15 business days following the inspection. The revised SWPPP shall be implemented as specified in Part III.E. Maintenance of BMPs. 1. The operator shall maintain all erosion and sediment control measures (BMPs) and other protective measures identified in the SWPPP in effective operating condition. 2. PART V. Certification statement and signature in accordance with Part VIII.J. If existing BMPs need to be repaired or modified or if additional BMPs are necessary, implementation shall be completed within 7 calendar days or before the next rain event (whichever is sooner), unless otherwise prescribed in a. through d. below. If implementation before the next rain event is impracticable, the reason(s) for delay shall be documented in the SWPPP and alternative BMPs shall be implemented as soon as possible. Additionally, the following maintenance activities shall be implemented as follows: a. Remove accumulated sediment when it reaches a maximum of one-third the height of the silt fence or one-half the height of a fiber roll. b. Sediment shall be removed from temporary and permanent sedimentation basins, ponds and traps when the depth of sediment collected in the basin reaches 50% of the storage capacity. c. Construction site egress location(s) shall be inspected for evidence of offsite tracking of sediment, debris, and other pollutants onto paved surfaces. Removal of sediment, debris, and other pollutants from all off-site paved areas shall be completed as soon as practicable, or as otherwise required by Federal, State, and local requirements. d. Accumulations of sediment, debris, and other pollutants observed in offsite surface waters, drainage ways, catch basins, and other drainage features shall be removed in a manner and at a frequency sufficient to minimize impacts and to ensure no adverse effects on water quality. MONITORING REQUIREMENTS FOR DISCHARGES TO UNIQUE OR IMPAIRED WATERS The provisions of Part V. apply only to operators with projects located within ¼ mile of an impaired or unique water. If any portion of the project area extends within this distance, the operator is subject to the requirements of this Part. A. Monitoring Program. Operators of projects that are located within ¼ mile of impaired or unique waters shall prepare and implement a monitoring program that meets the requirements of this Part. Operators of sites that are down-gradient of these waterbodies can be exempted from monitoring if the operator provides a demonstration acceptable to ADEQ that there is no potential for discharge to reach the unique or impaired receiving water. B. General Requirements. The operator shall develop a written site-specific monitoring program including both visual and analytical monitoring. The monitoring program shall be a part of the SWPPP as either an appendix or separate SWPPP section. The monitoring program shall include: 26 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Locations of monitoring sites; The name(s) and title of the person(s) who will perform the monitoring; A map showing the segments or portions of the receiving water that are most likely to be impacted by the discharge of pollutant(s); Water quality parameters/pollutants to be sampled; The citation and description of the sampling protocols to be used; Visual observation locations, visual observation procedures, and visual observation follow-up and tracking procedures; and Identification of the analytical methods and related method detection limits (if applicable) for each parameter required. MDLs shall be below applicable surface water quality standards when possible. Additionally, for sites within ¼ mile of an impaired water, the monitoring program shall include: a. An identification of the pollutant(s) of concern based on the most recent 305(b)/303(d) listing or other information available; and b. A description of potential source(s) of this pollutant(s) from the project, if any. C. Visual Monitoring Requirements. 1. Visual Monitoring Schedule. At a minimum, visual monitoring activities for projects near impaired or unique waters shall consist of weekly site inspections. In addition, the operator shall visually observe stormwater discharges at all discharge locations within one business day after each 0.5 inch of precipitation from a rain event. Visual observations are only required during daylight hours (sunrise to sunset). 2. Visual Monitoring Locations. The inspector shall visually observe each drainage area for the presence of current (and indications of prior) discharges and their sources. 3. Visual Monitoring Parameters. Visual observations shall document the presence or evidence of any discharge, pollutant characteristics (floating and suspended material - clarity and solids, sheen, color, turbidity, odor, foam etc.), and source. 4. Visual Monitoring. The operator shall document conditions noted during visual monitoring. Documentation shall include photographs of site conditions including sediment loads, erosion and waste control BMPs and any discharges. D. Analytical Monitoring Requirements. 1. Analytical Monitoring Schedule. Analytical monitoring shall be performed anytime a pollutant (including sediment) is known or suspected to discharge from the construction site. Monitoring shall continue until final stabilization for the project site is established and an NOT is filed. 2. Adverse Conditions Exception. The operator is not required to physically collect samples during dangerous weather conditions such as flooding and electrical storms; or during nighttime hours (sunset to sunrise). Information on any adverse conditions that prevented sampling shall be documented in the SWPPP. 3. Analytical Monitoring Locations. a. The operator shall conduct discharge sampling at locations observed or suspected to contain the greatest pollutant load resulting from the construction activities. b. Where the construction site is adjacent to or otherwise discharges directly to an unique or impaired stream, the operator shall sample 27 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 both immediately upstream and downstream of each discharge point. If there are two or more discharge locations from the site to the same unique or impaired stream, the operator may sample at one upstream and one downstream location in the stream. Additional monitoring points shall be located at the discharge points of the construction site. If the impaired or unique water is a lake, a site specific proposal for sampling the impact area shall be submitted. 4. 5. c. If the unique or impaired water is a lake, a site-specific proposal for sampling the impact area shall be submitted. Documentation of ADEQ approval of the sampling plan shall be included in the SWPPP. d. If the construction site is within ¼ mile of an unique or impaired water, but is not located adjacent to or does not otherwise discharge directly to the water, analytical monitoring shall be conducted at each discharge location (unless a discharge point representative of worst case discharge quality can be established as an alternative) at the construction site. Analytical Monitoring Parameters. a. The operator shall monitor for turbidity. The operator shall compare turbidity values from the sample locations referenced in Part V.D.3.b. If there is a 25% or more increase at the downstream monitoring location, the operator shall evaluate and replace, maintain, or install additional BMPs as necessary to reduce sediment transport. b. The operator shall sample discharges to unique waters for any pollutants known, or which should be known to be present at the site. c. The operator shall also sample discharges to impaired waters for any additional pollutants for which the water is impaired. However, if the operator can demonstrate that there is no reasonable expectation that construction activities could be an additional source of a specific pollutant, analytical monitoring for that parameter will not be required. As part of this demonstration, the operator must consider all on-site activities, as well as the potential for any pollutants (metals, nutrients, etc.) to be present in the onsite soils which will be disturbed. Sample Collection, Preservation, Tracking, Handling and Analyses. The operator shall establish written procedures for sample collection, preservation, tracking, analyses, and handling, including the following: a. b. c. Identify sample analyses and associated analytical methods (fixed base laboratory and field analyses); Use of only preserved (as necessary), pre-cleaned sample containers provided by the laboratory; Labeling each sample container with indelible ink noting sampler’s name(s), sample identification, date and time of sample collection, sample location (discharge location), requested analyses, project name or number, and preservation (as appropriate); 28 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 d. e. f. E. Tracking samples using chain-of-custody (COC) forms. The COC shall include, at a minimum, sampler’s name(s), phone number, date and time of sample collection, sample identification, requested analyses, and project name or number. The COC forms shall be included as part of the SWPPP; Transporting and shipping samples for laboratory analyses in a manner that minimizes destruction of the sample or otherwise compromises sample integrity. Samples shall be provided to the analytical laboratory in a timeframe not exceeding analytical method hold times; Designating and training personnel to collect, maintain, and ship samples in accordance with the above sample protocols and good laboratory practices. Monitoring Methods. All monitoring instruments and equipment (including operators' own field instruments for measuring pH and turbidity) shall be calibrated and maintained in accordance with manufacturers' recommendations. All laboratory analyses shall be conducted according to test procedures specified in 40 CFR 136, unless other test procedures have been specified in this general permit. All samples collected for monitoring shall be analyzed by a laboratory that is licensed by the Arizona Department of Health Service (ADHS) Office of Laboratory Licensure and Certification. This requirement does not apply to parameters that require analysis at the time of sample collection as long as the testing methods used are approved by ADHS or ADEQ. These parameters may include flow, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and total residual chlorine. The operator may conduct field analysis of turbidity if the operator has sufficient capability (qualified and trained employees, properly calibrated and maintained field instruments, etc.) to properly perform the field analysis. F. Records. 1. Analytical Record Submittal. The operator shall submit monitoring records twice a year. Monitoring records for the period between June 1 and October 31 shall be submitted to ADEQ by November 30th of each year or at the time of final stabilization and NOT submittal, whichever is sooner. Monitoring records for the period between November 1 and May 31 shall be submitted to ADEQ by June 30th of each year or at the time of final stabilization and NOT submittal, whichever is sooner. Monitoring results must be reported on a Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) form or other format specified by the Director, and submitted to: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Surface Water Section Stormwater and General Permits Unit/NOI (5415A-1) 1110 W. Washington Street Phoenix, Arizona 85007 2. Record Retention. The operator shall retain records of all stormwater monitoring information and reports as part of the SWPPP for a period of at least three years from the date the NOT was submitted to ADEQ. In addition to the requirements in Part VIII.I of this permit. These records shall include: a. The date, exact place and time of sampling or measurements; b. The name and title of the qualified person performing the visual and analytical monitoring and any related measurements; c. The date(s) the analyses were performed; 29 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 d. e. f. PART VI. The analytical techniques or methods used; The results of such analyses; and The response(s) taken to reduce or prevent pollutants in discharge. SPECIAL CONDITIONS A. Hazardous Substances or Oil. The operator shall prevent or otherwise minimize the discharge of hazardous substances or oil in the discharge(s) from the construction activities in accordance with the SWPPP. This permit does not relieve the operator of the reporting requirements under 40 CFR 110, 40 CFR 117 and 40 CFR 302 relating to spills or other releases of oils or hazardous substances. B. Releases in Excess of Reportable Quantities. Where a release containing a hazardous substance or oil in an amount equal to or in excess of a reportable quantity established under either 40 CFR 110, 40 CFR 117, or 40 CFR 302 occurs, the operator shall: 1. Modify the SWPPP within 14 calendar days of knowledge of the release to: provide a description of the release, the circumstances leading to the release, and the date of the release. In addition, SWPPPs shall identify measures to prevent the reoccurrence of the releases and to respond to such releases; and 2. Provide notice to the National Response Center in accordance with 40 CFR 110, 40 CFR 117, and 40 CFR 302 within a 24 hour period, or as soon as site staff have knowledge of the discharge. C. Spills. This general permit does not authorize the discharge of any hazardous substances or oil resulting from on-site releases. D. Compliance with surface water quality standards. The operator must select, install, implement and maintain BMPs at the construction site that minimize pollutants in the discharge as necessary to meet applicable water quality standards. At any time after authorization, ADEQ may determine that stormwater discharges may cause, have reasonable potential to cause, or contribute to an excursion above any applicable water quality standard. If such a determination is made, ADEQ may require you to: 1. Develop a supplemental BMP action plan describing SWPPP modifications to address adequately the identified water quality concerns; 2. Submit valid and verifiable data and information that are representative of ambient conditions and indicate that the receiving water is attaining water quality standards; or 3. Cease discharges of pollutants from construction activity and submit an individual permit application. E. Continuation of the Expired General Permit. If ADEQ does not reissue this general permit before the expiration date, it will be administratively continued and remain in force and effect. Operators granted general permit coverage before the expiration date will automatically remain covered by the continued general permit until the earlier of: 1. Reissuance or replacement of the general permit, at which time the operator shall comply with the NOI conditions of the new general permit to maintain authorization to discharge; or 2. The date ADEQ receives the operator’s NOT; or 3. The date ADEQ issues an individual permit for the project’s discharge; or 30 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 4. PART VII. The date ADEQ issues a formal permit decision not to reissue this general permit, at which time operators shall seek coverage under an alternative general permit or an individual permit. RETENTION OF RECORDS A. Documents. The operator shall retain copies of SWPPPs and all documentation required by this permit, including records of all data used to complete the NOI to be covered by this permit, for at least three years from the date of submittal of an NOT. ADEQ may extend this retention period upon request by notifying the operator in writing at any time prior to the end of the standard three year retention period. B. Maintaining Inspection Records. The operator shall ensure the inspection report and record of any follow-up actions taken is retained as part of the SWPPP for at least three years from the date that permit coverage expires or is terminated. PART VIII. A. STANDARD PERMIT CONDITIONS Duty to Comply. [A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41(a)(1) and A.R.S. § 49-261, 262, 263.01, and 263.02.] 1. The operator shall comply with all conditions of this permit. Any permit noncompliance constitutes a violation of the Clean Water Act; A.R.S. Title 49, Chapter 2, Article 3.1; and A.A.C. Title 18, Chapter 9, Articles 9 and 10, and is grounds for enforcement action, permit termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification, or denial of a permit renewal application. 2. The issuance of this permit does not waive any federal, state, county, or local regulations or permit requirements with which a person discharging under this permit is required to comply. 3. The operator shall comply with any effluent standards or prohibitions established under section 307(a) of the Clean Water Act for toxic pollutants within the time provided in the regulations that establish these standards or prohibitions, even if this permit has not yet been modified to incorporate the requirement. B. Need to Halt or Reduce Activity Not a Defense. [A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41(c)]. It shall not be a defense for an operator in an enforcement action that it would have been necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions of this permit. C. Duty to Mitigate. [A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41(d)] The operator shall take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge in violation of this permit which has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the environment. D. Proper Operation and Maintenance. [A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41(e)] The operator shall at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment and control (and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the operator to achieve compliance with the conditions of this permit. Proper operation and maintenance also includes adequate laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures. E. Permit Actions. [A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41(f)] This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause. The filing of a 31 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 request by the operator for a permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not stay any permit condition. F. Property Rights. [A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41(g)] This permit does not convey any property rights of any sort, or any exclusive privileges, nor does it authorize any injury to private property or invasion of personal rights, nor any infringement of federal, state, Indian tribe, or local laws or regulations. G. Duty to Provide Information. [A.A.C.R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41(h)] The operator shall furnish to ADEQ, within a reasonable time, any information which the Director may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating this permit or to determine compliance with this permit. The operator shall also furnish to ADEQ upon request, copies of records required to be kept by this permit. H. Inspection and Entry. [A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41(i)] The operator shall allow the Director, or an authorized representative, upon the presentation of credentials and such other documents as may be required by law, to: 1. Enter upon the operator’s premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or conducted, or where records shall be kept under the conditions of this permit; 2. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that shall be kept under the terms of the permit; 3. Inspect at reasonable times any facilities, equipment (including monitoring equipment or control equipment), practices or operations regulated or required under this permit; and 4. Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the purposes of assuring permit compliance or as otherwise authorized by A.R.S. Title 49, Chapter 2, Article 3.1, and A.A.C. Title 18, Chapter 9, Articles 9 and 10, any substances or parameters at any location. I. Monitoring and Records. [A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41(j)] 1. Samples and measurements taken for the purpose of monitoring shall be representative of the monitored activity. J. 2. The operator shall retain records of all monitoring information, including all calibration and maintenance records, copies of all reports required by this permit, and records of all data used to complete the application for this permit, for a period of at least three years from the date of the sample, measurement, report or application. This period may be extended by request of the Director at any time. 3. Monitoring shall be conducted according to test procedures approved under 9 A.A.C. Chapter 14, Article 6 as incorporated by reference in R18-9-A905(B); unless specific test procedures have been otherwise specified in this permit. 4. Any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly renders inaccurate any monitoring device or method required to be maintained in this permit is subject to the enforcement actions established under A.R.S. Title 49, Chapter 2, Article 4, which includes the possibility of fines and/or imprisonment. Signatory Requirements. [A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41(k) and (l); A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(1)(c) which incorporates 40 CFR 122.22] 1. NOIs. All NOIs shall be signed and certified as follows: 32 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 a. 2. For a corporation: By a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Part, a responsible corporate officer means: i. A president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy or decision-making functions for the corporation; or ii. The manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities, provided, the manager is authorized to make management decisions which govern the operation of the regulated facility including having the explicit or implicit duty of making major capital investment recommendations, and initiating and directing other comprehensive measures to assure long term environmental compliance with environmental laws and regulations; the manager can ensure that the necessary systems are established or actions taken to gather complete and accurate information for permit application requirements; and where authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures. b. For a partnership or sole proprietorship: By a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or c. For a municipality, state, federal, or other public agency: By either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For purposes of this section, a principal executive officer of a Federal agency is the chief executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g. Regional Administrators of EPA). Reports and Other Information: All NOTs, SWPPPs, reports, certifications, or information required by this permit and other information requested by ADEQ shall be signed by a person described in Part VIII.J.1 or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A person is a duly authorized representative only if: a. The authorization is made in writing by a person described in Part VIII.J.1; b. The authorization specifies either an individual or a position having responsibility for the overall operation of the regulated facility or activity, such as the position of manager, operator, superintendent, or position of equivalent responsibility or an individual or position having overall responsibility for environmental matters for the operator. (A “duly authorized representative” may be either a named individual or any individual occupying a named position); and c. The signed and dated written authorization is included in the SWPPP and submitted to ADEQ upon request. 3. Changes to Authorization. If the information on the NOI filed for general permit coverage is no longer accurate because a different individual or position has responsibility for the overall operation of the facility, a revised NOI shall be submitted to ADEQ prior to or together with any reports, information, or applications to be signed by the signatory or an authorized representative. 4. Certification. Any person signing documents, including inspection reports under the terms of this permit shall make the following certification: 33 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 I certify under penalty of law, that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations. K. Reporting Requirements. [A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41(l)] 1. Planned Changes. The operator shall give notice to the Director as soon as possible of any planned physical alterations or additions to the permitted facility. Notice is required only when: a. The alteration or addition to a permitted facility may meet one of the criteria for determining whether a facility is a new source in 40 CFR 122.29(b) (incorporated by reference at R18-9-A905(A)(1)(e)); or b. The alteration or addition could significantly change the nature or increase the quantity of pollutants discharged. This notification applies to pollutants which are subject neither to effluent limitations in the permit, nor to notification requirements under 40 CFR 122.42(a)(1) (incorporated by reference at R18-9-A905(A)(3)(b)). 2. Anticipated Noncompliance. The operator shall give advance notice to the Director of any planned changes in the permitted facility or activity which may result in noncompliance with permit requirements. 3. Monitoring Reports. Monitoring results shall be reported at the intervals specified elsewhere in this permit. If the operator monitors any pollutant more frequently than required by the permit, using test procedures approved under 9 A.A.C. Chapter 14, Article 6 or as specified in the permit, then the results of this monitoring shall be included in the calculation and reporting of the data to ADEQ. 4. Twenty-four hour Reporting. a. The operator shall report to ADEQ any permit noncompliance which may endanger human health or the environment. The operator shall orally notify the office listed below within 24 hours: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality 1110 W. Washington, 5515B-1 Phoenix, Arizona 85007 Office: 602-771-2330; Fax 602-771-4505 Note: b. Additional Federal, State, or Local release reporting may also be required. A written submission shall also be provided to the office identified above within five days of the time the operator becomes aware of the circumstances. The written submission shall contain a description of the noncompliance and its cause; the period of noncompliance, including exact dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been corrected, the 34 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 anticipated time it is expected to continue; and steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent recurrence of the noncompliance. 5. Other Noncompliance. The operator shall report all instances of noncompliance (not otherwise required to be reported as prescribed in Part VIII.K.4) in accordance with Part VIII.K.3. 6. Other Information. When the operator becomes aware that he or she failed to submit any relevant facts in the NOI or in any other report to ADEQ, the operator shall promptly submit the facts or information to the Surface Water Section of ADEQ. L. Reopener Clause. [A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(d), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.44(c)]. ADEQ may elect to modify the permit prior to its expiration (rather than waiting for the new permit cycle) to comply with any new statutory or regulatory requirements, such as for effluent limitation guidelines that may be promulgated in the course of the current permit cycle. M. Other Environmental Laws. No condition of this general permit releases the operator from any responsibility or requirements under other environmental statutes or regulations. For example, this permit does not authorize the “take” of endangered or threatened species as prohibited by section 9 of the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1538. Information regarding the location of endangered and threatened species and guidance on what activities constitute a “take” are available from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at www.fws.gov. N. State or Tribal Law. [Pursuant to A.A.C. R18-9-A904(C)] Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or relieve the operator from any responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties established pursuant to any applicable State or Tribal law or regulation under authority preserved by Section 510 of the Clean Water Act. O. Severability. The provisions of this general permit are severable, and if any provision of this general permit, or the application of any provision of this general permit to any circumstance, is held invalid, the application of the provision to other circumstances, and the remainder of this general permit shall not be affected. P. Upset. [A.R.S. §§ 49-255(8) and 255.01(E), A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41(n)] 1. Definition. "Upset" means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with technology-based permit effluent limitations because of factors beyond the reasonable control of the operator. An upset does not include noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate treatment facilities, lack of preventative maintenance, or careless or improper operation. 2. Effect of an Upset. An upset constitutes an affirmative defense to an action brought for noncompliance with such technology-based permit effluent limitations if the requirements of paragraph (3) of this section are met. No determination made during administrative review of claims that noncompliance was caused by upset, and before an action for noncompliance, is final administrative action subject to judicial review. 3. Conditions Necessary for a Demonstration of Upset. An operator who wishes to establish the affirmative defenses of upset shall demonstrate, through properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other relevant evidence that: a. b. An upset occurred and that operator can identify the cause(s) of the upset; The permitted facility was at the time being properly operated; and 35 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 4. Q. c. The operator submitted notice of the upset as required in paragraph (K)(2)(4)(24-hour notice). d. The operator has taken appropriate measure including all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge or sewage sludge use or disposal that is in violation of the permit and that has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the environment per A.R.S. § 49-255.01(E)(1)(d). Burden of Proof. In any enforcement proceeding the operator seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset has the burden of proof. Bypass. [A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(3)(a), which incorporates 40 CFR 122.41 (m)] 1. Definitions. a. “Bypass” means the intentional diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment facility. b. “Severe property damage” means substantial physical damage to property, damage to the treatment facilities which causes them to become inoperable, or substantial and permanent loss of natural resources which can reasonably be expected to occur in the absence of a bypass. Severe property damage does not mean economic loss caused by delays in production, 2. Bypass not Exceeding Limitations. The operator may allow any bypass to occur which does not cause effluent limitations to be exceeded, but only if it also is for essential maintenance to assure efficient operation. These bypasses are not subject to the provision of paragraphs (3) and (4) of this section. 3. Notice. a. Anticipated bypass. If the operator knows in advance of the need for a bypass, it shall submit prior notice, if possible at least ten days before the date of bypass. b. Unanticipated bypass. The operator shall submit notice of an unanticipated bypass as required in paragraqph (f)(2) of section 13 (24-hour notice). 4. Prohibition of Bypass. Bypass is prohibited, and the Director may take enforcement action against an operator for bypass, unless: a. Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property damage; b. There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities, retention of untreated wastes, or maintenance during normal periods of equipment down time. This condition is not satisfied if adequate backup equipment should have been installed in the exercise of reasonable engineering judgement to prevent a bypass which occurred during normal periods of equipment downtime or preventive maintenance; and c. The operator submitted notices as required under paragraph (3) of this section. The Director may approve an anticipated bypass, after considering its adverse effects, if the Director determines that it will meet the three conditions listed above. PART IX. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF PERMIT CONDITIONS Any permit noncompliance constitutes a violation and is grounds for an enforcement action, permit termination, revocation and reissuance, modification, or denial of a permit renewal application. 36 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 A. Civil Penalties. A.R.S. § 49-262(C) provides that any person who violates any provision of A.R.S. Title 49, Chapter 2, Article 2, 3 or 3.1 or a rule, permit, discharge limitation or order issued or adopted under A.R.S. Title 49, Chapter 2, Article 3.1 is subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $25,000 per day per violation. B. Criminal Penalties. Any a person who violates a condition of this general permit, or violates a provision under A.R.S. Title 49, Chapter 2, Article 3.1, or A.A.C. Title 18, Chapter 2, Articles 9 and 10 is subject to the enforcement actions established under A.R.S. Title 49, Chapter 2, Article 4, which may include the possibility of fines and/or imprisonment. PART X. DEFINITIONS “24 hour period” means any consecutive 24-hour period. “Anticipated rain event” for the purpose of this permit, means any storm event with at least a 30% chance of precipitation as predicted by the National Weather Service for the area local to the construction site. “Arid areas” for purposes of this permit, means the parts of the state that receive an annual rainfall of less than 20 inches. “Best management practices” (BMPs) means those methods, measures or practices to prevent or reduce discharges and includes structural and nonstructural BMPs and operation and maintenance procedures. Best management practices may be applied before, during and after discharges to reduce or eliminate the introduction of pollutants into receiving waters. In addition, the term shall include erosion and sediment control BMPs, stormwater conveyance, stormwater diversion, and treatment structures, and any procedure or facility used to minimize the exposure of pollutants to stormwater or to remove pollutants from stormwater. “Business day” means Monday through Friday, except legal holidays observed by the state of Arizona. “Commencement of construction activities” means the initial disturbance of soils associated with clearing, grading, excavating, or stockpiling of fill material activities or other construction-related activities. “Common plan of development” means a contiguous area where multiple separate and distinct land disturbing activities may be taking place at different times, on different schedules, but under one proposed plan. A ‘plan’ is broadly defined to include design, permit application, advertisement or physical demarcation indicating that land-disturbing activities may occur. “Construction activity” includes clearing, grading, excavating, stockpiling of fill material and other similar activities resulting in a land disturbance of at least one acre. Construction activity also includes clearing, grading, stockpiling, etc. that occurs in smaller areas if part of a larger common plan of development or sale that will ultimately disturb one or more acres,. This definition encompasses both large construction activities defined in 40 CFR 122.26 (b)(14)(x) and small constructions activities in 40 CFR 122.26 (b)(15)(i). “Day” means a calendar day or any 24-hour period that reasonably represents the calendar day. “Department” means the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. “Discharge” means any addition of any pollutant to waters of the United States or to a MS4 from any point source. “Drought” means for purposes of this permit, weather conditions considered “severely” or “extremely” dry (i.e., has a value of -1.50 or less) as evaluated by the 3-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) which compares current cumulative precipitation to average conditions. 37 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 “Eligible” means authorization to discharge stormwater under this general permit. “Ephemeral” means a surface water that has a channel that is at all times above the water table, and that flows only in direct response to precipitation. [A.A.C. R18-11-101(22)] “Erosion control” means temporary or permanent measures to prevent soil particles from detaching and being transported in stormwater. “Impaired water” means waters that have been assessed by ADEQ, under the Clean Water Act, Section 303(d), as not attaining a water quality standard for at least one designated use, and are listed in Arizona’s 2004 303(d) List and Other Impaired Waters. “Municipal separate storm sewer” means a conveyance or system of conveyances (including roads with drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, man-made channels, or storm drains): i. ii. iii. iv. Owned or operated by a State, city, town, borough, county, parish, district, association, or other public body (created by or pursuant to State law) having jurisdiction over disposal of sewage, industrial wastes, stormwater, or other wastes, including special districts under State law such as a sewer district, flood control district or drainage district, or similar entity, or a designated and approved management agency under section 208 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1288) that discharges to waters of the United States; Designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater; Which is not a combined sewer; and Which is not part of a Publicly Owned Treatment Works. “Municipal separate storm sewer system” (MS4) means all separate storm sewers defined as “large,” “medium,” or “small” municipal separate storm sewer systems or any municipal separate storm sewers on a system-wide or jurisdiction-wide basis as determined by the Director under A.A.C. R18-9-C902(A)(1)(g)(i) through (iv). [A.A.C. R18-9-A901(23)]. This also includes similar systems owned or operated by separate storm sewer municipal jurisdictions not required to obtain stormwater discharge authorization. “Notice of Intent” (NOI) means the application to operate under this general permit. “Notice of Termination” (NOT) means the application to terminate coverage under this general permit. “Person” means an individual, employee, officer, managing body, trust, firm, joint stock company, consortium, public or private corporation, including a government corporation, partnership, association or state, a political subdivision of this state, a commission, the United States government or any federal facility, interstate body or other entity. [A.R.S. § 49-201(27)] “Pollutant” means sediment, fluids, contaminants, toxic wastes, toxic pollutants, dredged spoil, solid waste, substances and chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals, incinerator residue, sewage, garbage, sewage sludge, munitions, petroleum products, chemical wastes, biological materials, radioactive materials, heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt (e.g., overburden material), and mining, industrial, municipal and agricultural wastes or any other liquid, solid, gaseous or hazardous substances. [A.R.S. § 49-201(29)] “Rain event” as used in this permit is defined as when rain drops (ultimately resulting in 0.5 inch accumulation) reach the ground surface of the construction site. Separate rain events are distinguished by a 24 hour period of no rain reaching the ground surface of the construction site. “Received,” for the purposes of this permit and in reference to NOIs or NOTs or Permit Waiver Certificate forms means: 1. The day the information was signed electronically via the Smart NOI system and submitted to ADEQ, 38 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 2. The day the signed form was faxed to and received by ADEQ, 3. The date of hand-delivery of the signed form to ADEQ, or 4. The date ADEQ signs for certified mail containing the signed form. “Receiving Water” as used in this permit includes Waters of the U.S. and conveyances thereto (including MS4s). "Reclaimed water" means water that has been treated or processed by a wastewater treatment plant or an onsite wastewater treatment facility. A.R.S. § 49-201(31). “Sediment control” means measures designed to intercept and settle out soil particles that have become detached and transported by water. Sediment control measures complement soil stabilization measures (erosion control). “Stabilization” refers to covering or maintaining an existing cover over soil that reduces and minimizes erosion. “Stormwater” means stormwater runoff, snow melt runoff, and surface runoff and drainage. “Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan” (SWPPP) means a plan which includes narrative information describing how requirements in Permit Parts III through VIII, are met, site map(s), an identification of construction/contractor activities that could cause pollutants in the stormwater, and a description of measures or practices to control these pollutants. “Total Maximum Daily Load” (TMDL) means an estimation of the total amount of a pollutant from all sources that may be added to a water while still allowing the water to achieve and maintain applicable surface water quality standards. Each total maximum daily load shall include allocations for sources that contribute the pollutant to the water, as required by section 303(d) of the clean water act (33 United States Code, Section 1313(d)) and regulations implementing that statute to achieve applicable surface water quality standards. [A.R.S. § 49-231(4)] “Turbidity” means the clarity of water expressed as nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and measured with a calibrated turbidimeter. “Unique water” means a surface water that has been designated by ADEQ as an outstanding state resource under A.A.C. R18-11-112. ADEQ anticipates that the term ‘unique water’ will be replaced with ‘outstanding Arizona water’ within the permit term. “Waters of the United States” (U.S.) is defined in 40 CFR 122.2. “Wetland” means an area that is inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. A wetland includes a swamp, marsh, bog, cienega, tinaja, and similar areas. [A.A.C. R18-11-101(49)] 39 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 PART XI. ACRONYMS AAC- Arizona Administrative Code ADEQ - Arizona Department of Environmental Quality ARS - Arizona Revised Statute AZPDES - Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System BMP - Best Management Practice CFR - Code of Federal Regulations CWA - Clean Water Act DMR - Discharge Monitoring Report EPA - Environmental Protection Agency MS4 - Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System NOI - Notice of Intent NOT - Notice of Termination NPDES - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System SWPPP - Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan TMDL - Total Maximum Daily Load USGS - United States Geological Survey 40 Construction General Permit February 29, 2008 Appendix A Example Inspection Form Example Sample Inspection Report Instructions This sample inspection report has been developed as a helpful tool to aid you in completing your site inspections. It is provided in Microsoft Word format to allow you to easily customize it for your use and the conditions at your site. You should also customize this form to help you meet the requirements in the AZPDES Construction General Permit related to inspections. Refer to Permit Part IV.H for inspection requirements. Remember to include all areas of the site disturbed by construction activity. If a BMP has been used inappropriately or installed incorrectly, replace or modify the BMP for site situations as soon as practicable and before the next anticipated storm event. When sediment escapes the construction site, offsite accumulations of sediment must be removed at a frequency sufficient to ensure no adverse effects on water quality. Using the Inspection Report This inspection report is designed to be customized according to the BMPs and conditions at your site. For ease of use, you should take a copy of your site plan and number all of the stormwater BMPs and areas of your site that will be inspected. A brief description of the BMP and its location should then be listed in the site-specific section of the inspection report. For example, specific structural BMPs such as construction site entrances, sediment ponds, or specific areas with silt fence (e.g., silt fence along Main Street; silt fence along slope in NW corner, etc.) should be numbered and listed on the inspection form. You should also number specific non-structural BMPs or areas that will be inspected (such as trash areas, material storage areas, temporary sanitary waste areas, etc). You can complete the items in the “General Information” section that will remain constant, such as the project name, AZCON authorization number, and inspector’s name and qualifications. Print out multiple copies of this customized inspection report to use during your inspections. When conducting the inspection, walk the site by following your site map and numbered BMPs/areas for inspection. Note any required corrective actions and the date and responsible person for the correction. Also note whether any previously identified site issues have been addressed. AZCON- _________________ Inspection Date: ________________ Stormwater Construction Site Inspection Report General Information Project Name Location AZCON number Date of Inspection Start Time: End time: Inspector’s Name(s) Inspector’s Title(s) Inspector’s Qualifications (must attach to this report or indicate the portion of the SWPPP that documents the qualifications of the inspector by name) Describe present phase of construction Type of Inspection ‰ Weekly ‰ Bi-weekly ‰ Monthly ‰ Pre-storm event ‰ During storm event ‰ Post-storm event Weather Information Has it rained since the last inspection? ‰Yes ‰No Weather information/Time Elapsed since last inspection: Storm Start Date & Time: Storm Duration (hrs): Approximate Rainfall (in): Weather at time of this inspection? Do you suspect that discharges may have occurred since the last inspection? ‰Yes ‰No Are there any discharges at the time of inspection? ‰Yes ‰No If yes, provide location(s) and a description of stormwater discharged from the site (presence of suspended sediment, turbid water, discoloration, and/or oil sheen Non-Stormwater Discharges Identify all non-stormwater discharges (i.e. water, other than stormwater, directed to a watercourse, storm drain, or off of the construction site): Page 1 of 3 February 29, 2008 AZCON- _________________ Inspection Date: ________________ Site-specific BMPs Number the structural and non-structural BMPs identified in your SWPPP on your site map and list them below. Include all BMPs implemented to manage erosion, sediment transport, waste disposal, material and equipment storage areas, and non-stormwater discharges. Carry a copy of this numbered site map with you during your inspections. This list will help ensure that you are inspecting all BMPs at your site. Customize this section as needed. BMP Description BMP Installed Corrective Action Needed Date for Corrective and Location and Operating corrective Action (indicate if associated Properly? action/respon Implementatio with non-stormwater) sible person n Date 1 ‰Yes ‰No 2 ‰Yes ‰No 3 ‰Yes ‰No 4 ‰Yes ‰No 5 ‰Yes ‰No 6 ‰Yes ‰No 7 ‰Yes ‰No 8 ‰Yes ‰No 9 ‰Yes ‰No 10 ‰Yes ‰No 11 ‰Yes ‰No 12 ‰Yes ‰No 13 ‰Yes ‰No 14 ‰Yes ‰No 15 ‰Yes ‰No 16 ‰Yes ‰No 17 ‰Yes ‰No 18 ‰Yes ‰No 19 ‰Yes ‰No 20 ‰Yes ‰No Below are some general site issues that should be assessed during inspections. Customize this list as needed for conditions at your site. Overall Site Issues BMP/Activity Implemente Maintained Location/Corrective Date for Corrective d? ? Action corrective Action action/responsi Implementatio ble person n Date ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No 1 Are all slopes and disturbed areas not actively being worked properly stabilized? ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No 2 Are natural resource areas (e.g., streams, wetlands, mature trees, etc.) protected with barriers or similar BMPs? 3 Are perimeter controls and ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No sediment barriers adequately installed (keyed into substrate) and maintained? ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No 4 Are discharge points and receiving waters free of sediment deposits? If no, provide locations Page 2 of 3 February 29, 2008 AZCON- _________________ Inspection Date: ________________ 5 Are storm drain inlets properly protected? ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No 6 Is there evidence of sediment being tracked into the street? ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No 7 Is trash/litter from work areas collected and placed in covered dumpsters? Are washout facilities (e.g., paint, stucco, concrete) available, clearly marked, and maintained? ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No Are vehicle and equipment fueling, cleaning, material storage, and maintenance areas free of spills, leaks, or any other deleterious material? Are materials that are potential stormwater contaminants stored inside or under cover? ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No 1 1 Are non-stormwater discharges (e.g., wash water, dewatering) properly controlled? ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No 1 2 Are there locations where additional BMPs are necessary? ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No 1 3 1 4 Are changes to the SWPPP necessary? (Other) ‰Yes ‰No ‰Yes ‰No 8 9 1 0 ‰Yes ‰No ‰ If there were no incidents of noncompliance noted during the inspection the inspector certifies that the construction project or site is being operated in compliance with the SWPPP and Permit No. AZG2008-001. Certification statement: “I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.” Print Inspector’s Name: Signature: Date: Page 3 of 3 February 29, 2008 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County A.2 Appendix A: Construction General Permit NPDES Construction General Permit August 2009 A-7 Appendix A: Construction General Permit Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK A-8 August 2009 NPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges From Construction Activities As modified effective January 8, 2009 Table of Contents PART 1: COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT .......................................................... 2 1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Permit Area .......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Eligibility ............................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Waivers for Certain Small Construction Activities ............................................. 6 PART 2: AUTHORIZATION FOR DISCHARGES OF STORMWATER FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY....................................................................................... 6 2.1 How to Obtain Authorization............................................................................... 6 2.2 How to Submit Your NOI.................................................................................... 7 2.3 Authorization to Discharge Date ......................................................................... 7 2.4 Submission Deadlines.......................................................................................... 7 2.5 Continuation of the Expired General Permit ....................................................... 8 2.6 Requiring Coverage Under an Individual Permit or an Alternative General Permit................................................................................................................... 8 PART 3: EFFLUENT LIMITS........................................................................................ 9 3.1 Effluent Limits to Reduce Pollutants in Stormwater Discharges ........................ 9 3.2 Effluent Limits to Reduce Pollutants in Non-Stormwater Discharges .............. 12 3.3 Effluent Limits Related to Endangered Species ................................................ 12 3.4 Attainment of Water Quality Standards............................................................. 12 3.5 Consistency with Total Maximum Daily Loads ................................................ 12 3.6 Maintenance of Control Measures ..................................................................... 13 3.7 Training of Employees....................................................................................... 13 3.8 Applicable State, Tribal, or Local Programs ..................................................... 13 PART 4: INSPECTIONS ............................................................................................... 13 PART 5: STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVETNION PLANS (SWPPPs) ...... 15 5.1 Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan Framework ........................................... 15 5.2 SWPPP Contents: Site and Activity Description............................................... 16 5.3 Description of Control Measures to Reduce Pollutant Discharges.................... 16 5.4 Non-Stormwater Discharges.............................................................................. 17 5.5 Documentation of Permit Eligibility Related to Endangered Species ............... 17 5.6 Documentation of Permit Eligibility Related to Total Maximum Daily Loads. 18 5.7 Copy of Permit Requirements............................................................................ 18 5.8 Applicable State, Tribal, or Local Programs ..................................................... 18 5.9 Inspections ......................................................................................................... 18 5.10 Maintaining an Updated Plan............................................................................. 18 5.11 Signature, Plan Review and Making Plans Available ....................................... 19 5.12 Requirements for Different Types of Operators ................................................ 20 PART 6: TERMINATION OF COVERAGE .............................................................. 21 6.1 Submitting a Notice of Termination .................................................................. 21 6.2 When to Submit a Notice of Termination.......................................................... 21 PART 7: RETENTION OF RECORDS ....................................................................... 21 Small and Large Construction Activities i PART 8: REOPENER CLAUSE................................................................................... 21 8.1 Procedures for Modification or Revocation....................................................... 21 8.2 Water Quality Protection ................................................................................... 22 8.3 Timing of Permit Modification.......................................................................... 22 PART 9: STANDARD PERMIT CONDITIONS ........................................................ 22 PART 10: PERMIT CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO SPECIFIC STATES, INDIAN COUNTRY, OR TERRITORIES.................................................................. 22 Appendix A - Definitions and Acronyms .................................................................... A-1 Appendix B - Permit Areas Eligible for Coverage ...................................................... B-1 Appendix C - Endangered Species Act Review Procedures........................................ C-1 Appendix D - Small Construction Waivers and Instructions....................................... D-1 Appendix E - Notice of Intent Form and Instructions ..................................................E-1 Appendix F - Notice of Termination Form and Instructions ........................................F-1 Appendix G - Standard Permit Conditions .................................................................. G-1 Small and Large Construction Activities ii General Permit National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System General Permit for Discharges from Large and Small Construction Activities In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §1251 et. seq., (hereafter CWA or the Act), as amended by the Water Quality Act of 1987, P.L. 100-4, operators of large and small construction activities that are described in Part 1.3 of this National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) general permit, except for those activities excluded from authorization of discharge in Part 1.3.C of this permit are authorized to discharge pollutants to waters of the United States in accordance with the conditions and requirements set forth herein. Permit coverage is required from the “commencement of construction activities” until “final stabilization” as defined in Appendix A. This permit shall become effective on June 30, 2008. This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight, June 30, 2010. Signed: Stephen S. Perkins, Director, Office of Ecosystem Protection EPA Region 1 Barbara Finazzo, Director, Division of Environmental Planning and Protection EPA Region 2 Carl-Axel P. Soderberg, Division Director, Caribbean Environmental Protection Division EPA Region 2 Jon M. Capacasa, Director, Water Protection Division EPA Region 3 Tinka Hyde, Director, Water Division EPA Region 5 Miguel I. Flores, Director, Water Quality Protection Division EPA Region 6 William A. Spratlin, Director, Water, Wetlands and Pesticides Division EPA Region 7 Stephen S. Tuber, Assistant Regional Administrator, Office of Partnerships & Regulatory Assistance EPA Region 8 Alexis Strauss, Director, Water Division EPA Region 9 Michael Gearheard, Director, Office of Water and Watersheds EPA Region 10 The signatures are for the permit conditions in Parts 1 through 10 and Appendices A through G, and for any additional conditions which apply to facilities located in the corresponding state, Indian country, or other area. Small and Large Construction Activities 1 General Permit PART 1: COVERAGE UNDER THIS PERMIT 1.1 Introduction This Construction General Permit (CGP) authorizes stormwater discharges from large and small construction activities that result in a total land disturbance of equal to or greater than one acre, where those discharges enter surface waters of the United States or a municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) leading to surface waters of the United States subject to the conditions set forth in this permit. This permit also authorizes stormwater discharges from any other construction activity designated by EPA where EPA makes that designation based on the potential for contribution to an excursion of a water quality standard or for significant contribution of pollutants to waters of the United States. This permit replaces the permit issued in 2003 (68 FR 39087, July 1, 2003), including the modification made to that permit in 2004 (69 FR 76743, December 22, 2004). This permit is presented in a reader-friendly, plain language format. This permit uses the terms “you” and “your” to identify the person(s) who owns or operates a “facility” or “activity” as defined in Appendix A and who must comply with the conditions of this permit. This format should allow you, the permittee and operator of a large or small construction activity, to easily locate and understand applicable requirements. The goal of this permit is to minimize the discharge of stormwater pollutants from construction activity. 1.2 Permit Area If your large or small construction activity is located within the areas listed in Appendix B, you may be eligible to obtain coverage under this permit. Permit coverage is actually provided by legally separate and distinctly numbered permits covering each of the areas listed in Appendix B. 1.3 Eligibility Permit eligibility is limited to discharges from “large” and “small” construction activity, and to “new projects” and “unpermitted ongoing projects,” as defined in Appendix A or as otherwise designated by EPA. This general permit contains eligibility restrictions, as well as permit conditions and requirements. You may have to take certain actions to be eligible for coverage under this permit. In such cases, you must continue to satisfy those eligibility provisions to maintain permit authorization. If you do not meet the requirements that are a pre-condition to eligibility, then resulting discharges constitute unpermitted discharges. By contrast, if you eligible for coverage under this permit and do not comply with the requirements of the general permit, you may be in violation of the general permit for your otherwise eligible discharges. A. Allowable Stormwater Discharges Subject to compliance with the terms and conditions of this permit, you are authorized to discharge pollutants in: Small and Large Construction Activities 2 General Permit 1. Stormwater discharges associated with large and small construction activity from “new projects” and “unpermitted ongoing projects” as defined in Appendix A; 2. Stormwater discharges designated by EPA as needing a stormwater permit under 40 CFR §122.26(a)(1)(v) or §122.26(b)(15)(ii); 3. Discharges from support activities (e.g., concrete or asphalt batch plants, equipment staging yards, material storage areas, excavated material disposal areas, borrow areas) provided: a. The support activity is directly related to the construction site required to have NPDES permit coverage for discharges of stormwater associated with construction activity; b. The support activity is not a commercial operation serving multiple unrelated construction projects by different operators, and does not operate beyond the completion of the construction activity at the last construction project it supports; and c. Pollutant discharges from support activity areas are minimized in compliance with Part 3.1.G; and 4. Discharges composed of allowable discharges listed in 1.3.A and 1.3.B commingled with a discharge authorized by a different NPDES permit and/or a discharge that does not require NPDES permit authorization. B. Allowable Non-Stormwater Discharges You are authorized for the following non-stormwater discharges, provided the nonstormwater component of the discharge is in compliance with Part 5.4 (Non-Stormwater Discharges): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Discharges from fire-fighting activities; Fire hydrant flushings; Waters used to wash vehicles where detergents are not used; Water used to control dust in accordance with Part 3.1.B; Potable water including uncontaminated water line flushings; Routine external building wash down that does not use detergents; Pavement wash waters where spills or leaks of toxic or hazardous materials have not occurred (unless all spilled material has been removed) and where detergents are not used; 8. Uncontaminated air conditioning or compressor condensate; 9. Uncontaminated ground water or spring water; 10. Foundation or footing drains where flows are not contaminated with process materials such as solvents; 11. Uncontaminated excavation dewatering; 12. Landscape irrigation. C. Limitations on Coverage 1. This permit does not authorize post-construction discharges that originate from the site after construction activities have been completed and the site has achieved final stabilization, including any temporary support activity. Post-construction Small and Large Construction Activities 3 General Permit 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. stormwater discharges from industrial sites may need to be covered by a separate NPDES permit. This permit does not authorize discharges mixed with non-stormwater. This exclusion does not apply to discharges identified in Part 1.3.B, provided the discharges are in compliance with Part 5.4 (Non-Stormwater Discharges). This permit does not authorize stormwater discharges associated with construction activity that have been covered under an individual permit or required to obtain coverage under an alternative general permit in accordance with Part 2.6. This permit does not authorize discharges that EPA, prior to authorization under this permit, determines will cause, have the reasonable potential to cause, or contribute to an excursion above any applicable water quality standard. Where such a determination is made prior to authorization, EPA may notify you that an individual permit application is necessary in accordance with Part 2.6. However, EPA may authorize your coverage under this permit after you have included appropriate controls and implementation procedures in your permit designed to bring your discharge into compliance with water quality standards. Discharging into Receiving Waters With an Approved or Established Total Maximum Daily Load Analysis a. You are not eligible for coverage under this permit for discharges of pollutants of concern to waters for which there is a total maximum daily load (TMDL) established or approved by EPA unless implement measures or controls that are consistent with the assumptions and requirements of such TMDL. To be eligible for coverage under this general permit, you must implement conditions applicable to your discharges necessary for consistency with the assumptions and requirements of such TMDL. If a specific wasteload allocation has been established that would apply to your discharge, you must implement necessary steps to meet that allocation. b. In a situation where an EPA-approved or established TMDL has specified a general wasteload allocation applicable to construction stormwater discharges, but no specific requirements for construction sites have been identified in the TMDL, you should consult with the State or Federal TMDL authority to confirm that meeting the effluent limits in Part 3 of this permit will be consistent with the approved TMDL. Where an EPA-approved or established TMDL has not specified a wasteload allocation applicable to construction stormwater discharges, but has not specifically excluded these discharges, compliance with the effluent limits in Part 3 of this permit will generally be assumed to be consistent with the approved TMDL. If the EPA-approved or established TMDL specifically precludes such discharges, the operator is not eligible for coverage under the CGP. Endangered and Threatened Species and Critical Habitat Protection a. Coverage under this permit is available only if your stormwater discharges, allowable non-stormwater discharges, and stormwater discharge-related activities, as defined in Appendix A, are not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any species that are federally-listed as endangered or threatened (“listed”) under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) or result in the adverse Small and Large Construction Activities 4 General Permit modification or destruction of habitat that is federally-designated as critical under the ESA (“critical habitat”). b. You are not eligible to discharge if the stormwater discharges, allowable nonstormwater discharges, or stormwater discharge-related activities would cause a prohibited “take” of federally-listed endangered or threatened species (as defined under section 3 of the ESA and 50 CFR 17.3), unless such takes are authorized under sections 7 or 10 of the ESA. c. Determining Eligibility: You must use the process in Appendix C (ESA Review Procedures) to determine eligibility PRIOR to submittal of the Notice of Intent (NOI). You must meet one or more of the following six criteria (AF) for the entire term of coverage under the permit: Criterion A. No federally-listed threatened or endangered species or their designated critical habitat are in the project area as defined in Appendix C; or Criterion B. Formal consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service and/or the National Marine Fisheries Service under section 7 of the ESA has been concluded and that consultation: i. Addressed the effects of the project’s stormwater discharges, allowable non-stormwater discharges, and stormwater discharge-related activities on federally-listed threatened or endangered species and federally-designated critical habitat, and ii. The consultation resulted in either: a. Biological opinion finding no jeopardy to federally-listed species or destruction/adverse modification of federallydesignated critical habitat, or b. Written concurrence from the Service(s) with a finding that the stormwater discharges, allowable non-stormwater discharges, and stormwater discharge-related activities are not likely to adversely affect federally-listed species or federally-designated critical habitat; or Criterion C. Informal consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service and/or the National Marine Fisheries Service under section 7 of the ESA has been concluded and that consultation: i. Addressed the effects of the project’s stormwater discharges, allowable non-stormwater discharges, and stormwater discharge-related activities on federally-listed threatened or endangered species and federally-designated critical habitat, and ii. The consultation resulted in either: a. Biological opinion finding no jeopardy to federally-listed species or destruction/adverse modification of federallydesignated critical habitat, or b. Written concurrence from the Service(s) with a finding that the stormwater discharges, allowable non-stormwater discharges, and stormwater discharge-related activities are Small and Large Construction Activities 5 General Permit not likely to adversely affect federally-listed species or federally-designated critical habitat; or Criterion D. The construction activities are authorized through the issuance of a permit under section 10 of the ESA, and that authorization addresses the effects of the stormwater discharges, allowable nonstormwater discharges, and stormwater discharge-related activities on federally-listed species and federally-designated critical habitat; or Criterion E. Stormwater discharges, allowable non-stormwater discharges, and stormwater discharge-related activities are not likely to adversely affect any federally-listed threatened or endangered species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of federallydesignated critical habitat; or Criterion F. The project’s stormwater discharges, allowable non-stormwater discharges, and stormwater discharge-related activities were already addressed in another operator’s valid certification of eligibility under Criteria A-E which included your construction activities and there is no reason to believe that federally-listed species or federally-designated critical habitat not considered in the prior certification may be present or located in the project area. By certifying eligibility under this criterion, you agree to comply with any measures or controls upon which the other operator's certification was based. You must comply with any applicable terms, conditions, or other requirements developed in the process of meeting the eligibility requirements of the criteria in this section to remain eligible for coverage under this permit. 7. Historic Properties [Reserved] You are reminded that you must comply with applicable state, tribal and local laws concerning the protection of historic properties and places. 1.4 Waivers for Certain Small Construction Activities Three scenarios exist under which small construction activities (see definition in Appendix A) may be waived from the NPDES permitting requirements detailed in this general permit. These exemptions are predicated on certain criteria being met and proper notification procedures being followed. Details of the waiver options and procedures for requesting a waiver are provided in Appendix D. PART 2: AUTHORIZATION FOR DISCHARGES OF STORMWATER FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY 2.1 How to Obtain Authorization To obtain coverage under this general permit, you, the operator, must prepare and submit a complete and accurate Notice of Intent (NOI), as described in this Part. Discharges are not authorized if your NOI is incomplete or inaccurate or if you were never eligible for permit coverage. Small and Large Construction Activities 6 General Permit 2.2 How to Submit Your NOI You must either use EPA’s electronic NOI system (accessible at www.epa.gov/npdes/eNOI or use a paper form (included in Appendix E) and then submit that paper form to: For Regular U.S. Mail Delivery: EPA Stormwater Notice Processing Center Mail Code 4203M U.S. EPA 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 For Overnight/Express Mail Delivery: EPA Stormwater Notice Processing Center Room 7420 U.S. EPA 1201 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004 2.3 Authorization to Discharge Date You are authorized to discharge stormwater from construction activities under the terms and conditions of this permit seven (7) calendar days after acknowledgment of receipt of your complete NOI is posted on EPA’s NPDES website http://www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp. The exception to this 7-day timeframe is if EPA delays your authorization based on eligibility considerations of Part 1.3 (e.g., ESA concerns). Under this circumstance, you are not authorized for coverage under this permit until you receive notice from EPA of your eligibility. 2.4 Submission Deadlines A. New Projects: To obtain coverage under this permit, you must submit a complete and accurate NOI and be authorized consistent with Part 2.3 prior to your commencement of construction activities. B. Permitted Ongoing Projects: Permitted ongoing projects are not eligible for coverage under this permit. If you previously received authorization to discharge for your project under the 2003 CGP, your authorization will be automatically continued under that permit until the expiration of this permit and the issuance of a new CGP, or the termination of coverage by you under the 2003 CGP, whichever is earlier. Note: If you are an operator of a permitted ongoing project and you transfer ownership of the project, or a portion thereof, to a different operator, that operator will be required to submit a complete and accurate NOI for a new project in accordance with Part 2.2. C. Unpermitted Ongoing Projects: If you previously did not receive authorization to discharge for your project under the 2003 CGP and you wish to obtain coverage under this permit, you must submit an NOI within 90 days of the issuance date of this permit. Small and Large Construction Activities 7 General Permit D. Late Notifications: Operators are not prohibited from submitting NOIs after initiating clearing, grading, excavation activities, or other construction activities. When a late NOI is submitted, authorization for discharges occurs consistent with Part 2.3. The Agency reserves the right to take enforcement action for any unpermitted discharges that occur between the commencement of construction and discharge authorization. 2.5 Continuation of the Expired General Permit If this permit is not reissued or replaced prior to the expiration date, it will be administratively continued in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act and remain in force and effect. If you were granted permit coverage prior to the expiration date, you will automatically remain covered by the continued permit until the earliest of: A. Reissuance or replacement of this permit, at which time you must comply with the conditions of the new permit to maintain authorization to discharge; or B. Your submittal of a Notice of Termination; or C. Issuance of an individual permit for the project’s discharges; or D. A formal permit decision by EPA to not reissue this general permit, at which time you must seek coverage under an alternative general permit or an individual permit. 2.6 Requiring Coverage Under an Individual Permit or an Alternative General Permit A. EPA may require you to apply for and/or obtain either an individual NPDES permit or coverage under an alternative NPDES general permit. Any interested person may petition EPA to take action under this paragraph. If EPA requires you to apply for an individual NPDES permit, EPA will notify you in writing that a permit application is required. This notification will include a brief statement of the reasons for this decision and an application form. In addition, if you are an existing permittee covered under this permit, the notice will set a deadline to file the application, and will include a statement that on the effective date of issuance or denial of the individual NPDES permit or the coverage or denial of coverage under the alternative general permit as it applies to you, coverage under this general permit will automatically terminate. Applications must be submitted to EPA at the applicable EPA Regional offices listed in Appendix B of this permit. EPA may grant additional time to submit the application upon your request. If you are covered under this permit and you fail to submit in a timely manner an individual NPDES permit application as required by EPA, then the applicability of this permit to you is automatically terminated at the end of the day specified by EPA as the deadline for application submittal. B. You may request to be excluded from coverage under this general permit by applying for an individual permit. In such a case, you must submit an individual application in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR §122.26(c)(1)(ii), with reasons supporting the request, to EPA at the applicable EPA Regional office listed in Small and Large Construction Activities 8 General Permit Appendix B of this permit. The request may be granted by issuance of an individual permit or coverage under an alternative general permit if your reasons are adequate to support the request. C. When an individual NPDES permit is issued to you (as an entity that is otherwise subject to this permit), or you are authorized to discharge under an alternative NPDES general permit, the applicability of this permit to you is automatically terminated on the effective date of the individual permit or the date of authorization of coverage under the alternative general permit, whichever the case may be. If you (as an entity that is otherwise subject to this permit) are denied an individual NPDES permit or an alternative NPDES general permit, the applicability of this permit to you is automatically terminated on the date of such denial, unless otherwise specified by EPA. PART 3: EFFLUENT LIMITS This section includes technology-based and water quality-based effluent limits that apply to all dischargers, unless otherwise specified. You must select, install, and maintain control measures (e.g., Best Management Practices (“BMPs”), controls, practices, etc.) for each major construction activity, identified in your Part 5 project description, to meet these effluent limits. All control measures must be properly selected, installed, and maintained in accordance with any relevant manufacturer specifications and good engineering practices. You must implement the control measures from commencement of construction activity until final stabilization is complete. The term “minimize” as used in Part 3 means reduce and/or eliminate to the extent achievable using control measures that are technologically available and economically practicable and achievable in light of best industry practice. 3.1 Effluent Limits to Reduce Pollutants in Stormwater Discharges You must implement control measures to minimize pollutants in stormwater discharges. A. Sediment Controls: You must implement the following, where applicable: 1. Sediment Basins: For common drainage locations that serve an area with 10 or more acres disturbed at one time, a temporary (or permanent) sediment basin that provides storage for a calculated volume of runoff from the drainage area from a 2-year, 24-hour storm, or equivalent control measures, must be provided where attainable until final stabilization of the site. Where no such calculation has been performed, a temporary (or permanent) sediment basin providing 3,600 cubic feet of storage per acre drained, or equivalent control measures, must be provided where attainable until final stabilization of the site. When computing the number of acres draining into a common location, it is not necessary to include flows from offsite areas and flows from on-site areas that are either undisturbed or have undergone final stabilization where such flows are diverted around both the disturbed area and the sediment basin. In determining whether installing a sediment basin is attainable, the operator may consider factors such as site soils, Small and Large Construction Activities 9 General Permit slope, available area on-site, etc. In any event, the operator must consider public safety, especially as it relates to children, as a design factor for the sediment basin, and alternative sediment controls must be used where site limitations would preclude a safe design. 2. For drainage locations which serve 10 or more disturbed acres at one time and where a temporary sediment basin or equivalent controls is not attainable, smaller sediment basins and/or sediment traps should be used. At a minimum, silt fences, vegetative buffer strips, or equivalent sediment controls are required for all down slope boundaries (and for those side slope boundaries deemed appropriate as dictated by individual site conditions). 3. For drainage locations serving less than 10 acres, smaller sediment basins and/or sediment traps should be used. At a minimum, silt fences, vegetative buffer strips, or equivalent sediment controls are required for all down slope boundaries (and for those side slope boundaries deemed appropriate as dictated by individual site conditions) of the construction area unless a sediment basin providing storage for a calculated volume of runoff from a 2-year, 24-hour storm or 3,600 cubic feet of storage per acre drained is provided. B. Off-Site Sediment Tracking and Dust Control: You must minimize off-site vehicle tracking of sediments onto paved surfaces and the generation of dust. If sediment escapes the construction site, off-site accumulations of sediment must be removed at a frequency sufficient to minimize off-site impacts. C. Runoff Management: You must divert flows from exposed soils, retain/detain flows or otherwise minimize runoff and the discharge of pollutants from exposed areas of the site. You must avoid placement of structural practices in floodplains to the degree technologically and economically practicable and achievable. D. Erosive Velocity Control: You must place velocity dissipation devices at discharge locations and along the length of any outfall channel to provide a non-erosive flow velocity from the structure to a water course so that the natural physical and biological characteristics and functions are maintained and protected (e.g., no significant changes in the hydrological regime of the receiving water). E. Post-Construction Stormwater Management: You must comply with any applicable federal, local, state, or tribal requirements regarding the design and installation of post-construction stormwater controls. Structural measures should be placed on upland soils to the degree practicable and achievable. F. Construction and Waste Materials: You must: 1. Prevent the discharge of solid materials, including building materials, to waters of the United States, except as authorized by a permit issued under section 404 of the CWA; Small and Large Construction Activities 10 General Permit 2. Minimize exposure of construction and waste materials to stormwater, and the occurrence of spills, through the use of storage practices, prevention and response practices, and other controls; 3. Prevent litter, construction debris, and construction chemicals (e.g., diesel fuel, hydraulic fluids, and other petroleum products) that could be exposed to stormwater from becoming a pollutant source in stormwater discharges. G. Non-Construction Wastes: You must minimize pollutant discharges from areas other than construction (including stormwater discharges from dedicated asphalt plants and dedicated concrete plants). H. Erosion Control and Stabilization: 1. General Requirements: You must stabilize the site. You must ensure that existing vegetation is preserved where possible and that disturbed portions of the site are stabilized. You should avoid using impervious surfaces for stabilization. 2. Initiation Deadlines: You must initiate stabilization measures, except as provided below, as soon as practicable in portions of the site where construction activities have temporarily or permanently ceased, but in no case more than 14 days after the construction activity in that portion of the site has temporarily or permanently ceased. i. Where stabilization by the 14th day is precluded by snow cover or frozen ground conditions, stabilization measures must be initiated as soon as practicable. ii. Where construction activity on a portion of the site is temporarily ceased, and earth disturbing activities will be resumed within 14 days, temporary stabilization measures do not have to be initiated on that portion of the site. iii. In arid, semiarid, and drought-stricken areas where initiating perennial vegetative stabilization measures is not possible within 14 days after construction activity has temporarily or permanently ceased, final vegetative stabilization measures must be initiated as soon as practicable. I. Spills / Releases in Excess of Reportable Quantities: You are not authorized to discharge hazardous substances or oil resulting from an on-site spill. This permit does not relieve you of the federal reporting requirements of 40 CFR Part 110, 40 CFR Part 117 and 40 CFR Part 302 relating to spills or other releases of oils or hazardous substances. Where a release containing a hazardous substance or oil in an amount equal to or in excess of a reportable quantity established under either 40 CFR Part 110, 40 CFR Part 117 or 40 CFR Part 302, occurs during a 24-hour period: • you must provide notice to the National Response Center (NRC) (800–424–8802; in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area call 202–267–2675) in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 110, 40 CFR Part 117 and 40 CFR Part 302 as soon as site staff have knowledge of the discharge; and Small and Large Construction Activities 11 General Permit • you must, within 7 calendar days of knowledge of the release, provide a description of the release, the circumstances leading to the release, and the date of the release. You must also implement measures to prevent the reoccurrence of such releases and to respond to such releases. 3.2 Effluent Limits to Reduce Pollutants in Non-Stormwater Discharges You must minimize any non-stormwater discharges authorized by this permit. 3.3 Effluent Limits Related to Endangered Species You must protect federally-listed endangered or threatened species, or federallydesignated critical habitat to maintain eligibility under Part 1.3.C.6. 3.4 Attainment of Water Quality Standards A. You must select, install, implement and maintain control measures at your construction site that minimize pollutants in the discharge as necessary to meet applicable water quality standards. In general, except in situations explained in Part 3.4.B below, your stormwater controls developed, implemented, and updated consistent with the other provisions of Part 3 are considered as stringent as necessary to ensure that your discharges do not cause or contribute to an excursion above any applicable water quality standard. B. At any time after authorization, EPA may determine that your stormwater discharges may cause, have reasonable potential to cause, or contribute to an excursion above any applicable water quality standard. If such a determination is made, EPA will require you to: i. Modify your stormwater controls in accordance with Part 3.6 to address adequately the identified water quality concerns; ii. Submit valid and verifiable data and information that are representative of ambient conditions and indicate that the receiving water is attaining water quality standards; or iii. Cease discharges of pollutants from construction activity and submit an individual permit application according to Part 2.6. All written responses required under this part must include a signed certification consistent with Appendix G, Section 11. 3.5 Consistency with Total Maximum Daily Loads If you are discharging into a water with an EPA established or approved TMDL, you must implement measures to ensure that your discharge of pollutants from the site is consistent with the assumptions and requirements of the EPA-established or approved TMDL, including any specific wasteload allocation that has been established that would apply to your discharge. See Part 1.3.C.5 for further information on determining permit eligibility related to TMDLs. Small and Large Construction Activities 12 General Permit 3.6 Maintenance of Control Measures A. You must maintain all control measures and other protective measures in effective operating condition. If site inspections required by Part 4 identify BMPs that are not operating effectively, you must perform maintenance as soon as possible and before the next storm event whenever practicable to maintain the continued effectiveness of stormwater controls. B. If existing BMPs need to be modified or if additional BMPs are necessary for any reason, you must complete implementation before the next storm event whenever practicable. If implementation before the next storm event is impracticable, you must implement alternative BMPs as soon as possible. C. You must remove sediment from sediment traps or sedimentation ponds when design capacity has been reduced by 50 percent. D. You must remove trapped sediment from a silt fence before the deposit reaches 50 percent of the above-ground fence height (or before it reaches a lower height based on manufacturer's specifications). 3.7 Training of Employees You must train employees and subcontractors as necessary to make them aware of the applicable control measures implemented at the site so that they follow applicable procedures. 3.8 Applicable State, Tribal, or Local Programs You must ensure that the stormwater controls implemented at your site are consistent with all applicable federal, state, tribal, or local requirements for soil and erosion control and stormwater management. PART 4: INSPECTIONS A. Inspection Frequency: You must conduct inspections in accordance with one of the two schedules listed below. You must specify in your SWPPP which schedule you will be following. 1. At least once every 7 calendar days, OR 2. At least once every 14 calendar days and within 24 hours of the end of a storm event of 0.5 inches or greater. B. Case-by-Case Reductions in Inspection Frequency: You may reduce your inspection frequency to at least once every month if: 1. The entire site is temporarily stabilized, 2. Runoff is unlikely due to winter conditions (e.g., site is covered with snow, ice, or the ground is frozen), or 3. Construction is occurring during seasonal arid periods in arid areas and semi-arid areas. Small and Large Construction Activities 13 General Permit C. Inspection Waiver for Frozen Conditions: A waiver of the inspection requirements is available until one month before thawing conditions are expected to result in a discharge if all of the following requirements are met: 1. The project is located in an area where frozen conditions are anticipated to continue for extended periods of time (i.e., more than one month); 2. Land disturbance activities have been suspended; and 3. The beginning and ending dates of the waiver period are documented in the SWPPP. D. Qualified Personnel: Inspections must be conducted by qualified personnel (provided by the operator or cooperatively by multiple operators). “Qualified personnel” means a person knowledgeable in the principles and practice of erosion and sediment controls who possesses the skills to assess conditions at the construction site that could impact stormwater quality and to assess the effectiveness of any sediment and erosion control measures selected to control the quality of stormwater discharges from the construction activity. E. Scope of Inspections: Inspections must include all areas of the site disturbed by construction activity and areas used for storage of materials that are exposed to precipitation. Inspectors must look for evidence of, or the potential for, pollutants entering the stormwater conveyance system. Sedimentation and erosion control measures must be observed to ensure proper operation. Discharge locations must be inspected to ascertain whether erosion control measures are effective in preventing significant impacts to waters of the United States, where accessible. Where discharge locations are inaccessible, nearby downstream locations must be inspected to the extent that such inspections are practicable. Locations where vehicles enter or exit the site must be inspected for evidence of off-site sediment tracking. F. Reductions in Scope of Inspections for Stabilized Areas: Once a definable area has been finally stabilized, no further inspection requirements apply to that portion of the site (e.g., earth-disturbing activities around one of three buildings in a complex are done and the area is finally stabilized, one mile of a roadway or pipeline project is done and finally stabilized, etc). G. Utility Line Inspections: Utility line installation, pipeline construction, and other examples of long, narrow, linear construction activities may limit the access of inspection personnel to the areas described in Part 4.E above. Inspection of these areas could require that vehicles compromise temporarily or even permanently stabilized areas, cause additional disturbance of soils, and increase the potential for erosion. In these circumstances, controls must be inspected on the same frequencies as other construction projects, but representative inspections may be performed. For representative inspections, personnel must inspect controls along the construction site for 0.25 mile above and below each access point where a roadway, undisturbed rightof-way, or other similar feature intersects the construction site and allows access to the areas described above. The conditions of the controls along each inspected 0.25 mile segment may be considered as representative of the condition of controls along Small and Large Construction Activities 14 General Permit that reach extending from the end of the 0.25 mile segment to either the end of the next 0.25 mile inspected segment, or to the end of the project, whichever occurs first. H. Inspection Report: For each inspection required above, you must complete an inspection report. At a minimum, the inspection report must include: 1. The inspection date; 2. Names, titles, and qualifications of personnel making the inspection; 3. Weather information for the period since the last inspection (or since commencement of construction activity if the first inspection) including a best estimate of the beginning of each storm event, duration of each storm event, approximate amount of rainfall for each storm event (in inches), and whether any discharges occurred; 4. Weather information and a description of any discharges occurring at the time of the inspection; 5. Location(s) of discharges of sediment or other pollutants from the site; 6. Location(s) of BMPs that need to be maintained; 7. Location(s) of BMPs that failed to operate as designed or proved inadequate for a particular location; 8. Location(s) where additional BMPs are needed that did not exist at the time of inspection; and 9. Corrective action required including implementation dates. The inspection report must be signed in accordance with Appendix G, Section 11 of this permit. PART 5: STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVETNION PLANS (SWPPPs) 5.1 Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan Framework You must prepare a SWPPP before submitting your Notice of Intent (NOI) for permit coverage. At least one SWPPP must be developed for each construction project covered by this permit and the stormwater controls implemented at your site must be documented in the SWPPP. If you prepared a SWPPP for coverage under a previous NPDES permit, you must review and update the SWPPP prior to submitting your NOI. The SWPPP does not contain effluent limitations; the technology and water quality-based effluent limitations are contained in Part 3 of this permit. The SWPPP is intended to document the selection, design, installation, and implementation of control measures that are being used to comply with the effluent limitations set forth in Part 3. The SWPPP must: 1. Identify all potential sources of pollutants that may reasonably be expected to affect the quality of stormwater discharges from the construction site; and 2. Describe control measures to be used to meet the effluent limits set forth in Part 3. Small and Large Construction Activities 15 General Permit 5.2 SWPPP Contents: Site and Activity Description A. Construction Site Operators: The SWPPP must identify all operators for the project site, and the areas of the site over which each operator has control. B. Nature of Construction Activity: The SWPPP briefly must describe the nature of the construction activity, including: 1. The function of the project (e.g., low density residential, shopping mall, highway, etc.); 2. The intended sequence and timing of activities that disturb soils at the site; 3. Estimates of the total area expected to be disturbed by excavation, grading, or other construction activities, including dedicated off-site borrow and fill areas; and 4. A general location map (e.g., USGS quadrangle map, a portion of a city or county map, or other map) with enough detail to identify the location of the construction site and waters of the United States within one mile of the site. C. Site Map: The SWPPP must contain a legible site map, showing the entire site, identifying: 1. Direction(s) of stormwater flow and approximate slopes anticipated after grading activities; 2. Areas of soil disturbance and areas that will not be disturbed (or a statement that all areas of the site will be disturbed unless otherwise noted); 3. Locations of major structural and nonstructural BMPs identified in the SWPPP; 4. Locations where stabilization practices are expected to occur; 5. Locations of off-site material, waste, borrow or equipment storage areas; 6. Locations of all waters of the United States (including wetlands); 7. Locations where stormwater discharges to a surface water; and 8. Areas where final stabilization has been accomplished and no further construction-phase permit requirements apply. D. Construction and Waste Materials: The SWPPP must include a description of construction and waste materials expected to be stored on-site with updates as appropriate. E. Locations of Other Industrial Stormwater Discharges: The SWPPP must describe and identify the location and description of any stormwater discharge associated with industrial activity other than construction at the site. This includes stormwater discharges from dedicated asphalt plants and dedicated concrete plants that are covered by this permit. 5.3 Description of Control Measures to Reduce Pollutant Discharges A. Control Measures: The SWPPP must include a description of all control measures that will be implemented to meet the effluent limits in Part 3. For each major activity identified in the project description the SWPPP must clearly document appropriate control measures, the general sequence during the construction process in which the Small and Large Construction Activities 16 General Permit measures will be implemented, and which operator is responsible for the control measure’s implementation. B. Stabilization: The SWPPP must include a description of interim and permanent stabilization practices for the site, including a schedule of when the practices will be implemented. C. Post-Authorization Records: The following records must be maintained with the SWPPP following authorization under this permit: 1. Dates when grading activities occur; 2. Dates when construction activities temporarily or permanently cease on a portion of the site; and 3. Dates when stabilization measures are initiated. 5.4 Non-Stormwater Discharges The SWPPP must identify all allowable sources of non-stormwater discharges listed in Part 1.3.B of this permit, except for flows from fire fighting activities that are combined with stormwater discharges associated with construction activity at the site. The SWPPP must also describe the pollution prevention measures used to eliminate or reduce nonstormwater discharges consistent with Part 3.2. 5.5 Documentation of Permit Eligibility Related to Endangered Species The SWPPP must include documentation supporting a determination of permit eligibility with regard to Endangered Species, including: A. Information on whether federally-listed endangered or threatened species, or federally-designated critical habitat may be in the project area; B. Whether such species or critical habitat may be adversely affected by stormwater discharges or stormwater discharge-related activities from the project; C. Results of the Appendix C listed species and critical habitat screening determinations; D. Confirmation of delivery of NOI to EPA or to EPA’s electronic NOI system. This may include an overnight, express or registered mail receipt acknowledgment; or electronic acknowledgment from EPA’s electronic NOI system; E. Any correspondence for any stage of project planning between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), EPA, the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), or others and you regarding listed species and critical habitat, including any notification that delays your authorization to discharge under this permit; and F. A description of measures necessary to protect federally-listed endangered or threatened species, or federally-designated critical habitat. Small and Large Construction Activities 17 General Permit 5.6 Documentation of Permit Eligibility Related to Total Maximum Daily Loads The SWPPP must include documentation supporting a determination of permit eligibility with regard to waters that have an EPA-established or approved TMDL, including: A. Identification of whether your discharge is identified, either specifically or generally, in an EPA-established or approved TMDL and any associated allocations, requirements, and assumptions identified for your discharge; B. Summaries of consultation with State or Federal TMDL authorities on consistency of SWPPP conditions with the approved TMDL, and C. Measures taken by you to ensure that your discharge of pollutants from the site is consistent with the assumptions and requirements of the EPA-established or approved TMDL, including any specific wasteload allocation that has been established that would apply to your discharge. See Part 1.3.C.5 for further information on determining permit eligibility related to TMDLs. 5.7 Copy of Permit Requirements Copies of this permit and of the signed and certified NOI form that was submitted to EPA must be included in the SWPPP. Also, upon receipt, a copy of the letter from the EPA Stormwater Notice Processing Center notifying you of their receipt of your administratively complete NOI must also be included as a component of the SWPPP. 5.8 Applicable State, Tribal, or Local Programs The SWPPP must be updated as necessary to reflect any revisions to applicable federal, state, tribal, or local requirements that affect the stormwater controls you implement at your site. 5.9 Inspections A record of each inspection and of any actions taken in accordance with Part 4 must be retained with the SWPPP for at least three years from the date that permit coverage expires or is terminated. The inspection reports must identify any incidents of noncompliance with the permit conditions. Where a report does not identify any incidents of non-compliance, the report must contain a certification that the construction project or site is in compliance with this permit. 5.10 Maintaining an Updated Plan The SWPPP must be modified: A. To reflect modifications to stormwater control measures made in response to a change in design, construction, operation, or maintenance at the construction site that has or could have a significant effect on the discharge of pollutants to the waters of the United States that has not been previously addressed in the SWPPP. Small and Large Construction Activities 18 General Permit B. If during inspections or investigations by site staff, or by local, state, tribal or federal officials, it is determined that the existing stormwater controls are ineffective in eliminating or significantly minimizing pollutants in stormwater discharges from the construction site. C. Based on the results of an inspection, as necessary to properly document additional or modified BMPs designed to correct problems identified. Revisions to the SWPPP must be completed within seven (7) calendar days following the inspection. 5.11 Signature, Plan Review and Making Plans Available A. Retention of SWPPP: A copy of the SWPPP (including a copy of the permit), NOI, and acknowledgement letter from EPA must be retained at the construction site (or other location easily accessible during normal business hours to EPA, a state, tribal or local agency approving sediment and erosion plans, grading plans, or stormwater management plans; local government officials; the operator of a municipal separate storm sewer receiving discharges from the site; and representatives of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the National Marine Fisheries Service) from the date of commencement of construction activities to the date of final stabilization. If you have day-to-day operational control over SWPPP implementation, you must have a copy of the SWPPP available at a central location on-site for the use of all those identified as having responsibilities under the SWPPP whenever they are on the construction site. If an on-site location is unavailable to store the SWPPP when no personnel are present, notice of the plan's location must be posted near the main entrance at the construction site. B. Main Entrance Signage: A sign or other notice must be posted conspicuously near the main entrance of the construction site. If displaying near the main entrance is infeasible, the notice can be posted in a local public building such as the town hall or public library. The sign or other notice must contain the following information: 1. A copy of the completed Notice of Intent as submitted to the EPA Stormwater Notice Processing Center; and 2. If the location of the SWPPP or the name and telephone number of the contact person for scheduling SWPPP viewing times has changed (i.e., is different than that submitted to EPA in the NOI), the current location of the SWPPP and name and telephone number of a contact person for scheduling viewing times. For linear projects, the sign or other notice must be posted at a publicly accessible location near the active part of the construction project (e.g., where a pipeline project crosses a public road). C. Availability of SWPPP: SWPPPs must be made available upon request by EPA; a state, tribal or local agency approving sediment and erosion plans, grading plans, or stormwater management plans; local government officials; the operator of a municipal separate storm sewer receiving discharges from the site; and representatives of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the National Marine Fisheries Service to the requestor. The copy of the SWPPP that is required to be kept on-site or Small and Large Construction Activities 19 General Permit locally available must be made available, in its entirety, to the EPA staff for review and copying at the time of an on-site inspection. D. Signature and Certification: All SWPPPs must be signed and certified in accordance with Appendix G, Section 11. 5.12 Requirements for Different Types of Operators You may meet one or both of the operational control components in the definition of operator found in Appendix A. Part 5.12.C applies to all permittees having control over only a portion of a construction site. A. If you have operational control over construction plans and specifications, you must ensure that: 1. The project specifications meet the minimum requirements of this Part and all other applicable permit conditions; 2. The SWPPP indicates the areas of the project where the operator has operational control over project specifications, including the ability to make modifications in specifications; 3. All other permittees implementing portions of the SWPPP (or their own SWPPP) who may be impacted by a change to the construction plan are notified of such changes in a timely manner; and 4. The SWPPP indicates the name of the party(ies) with day-to-day operational control of those activities necessary to ensure compliance with the SWPPP or other permit conditions. B. If you have operational control over day-to-day activities, you must ensure that: 1. The SWPPP meets the minimum requirements of this Part and identifies the parties responsible for implementation of control measures identified in the plan; 2. The SWPPP indicates areas of the project where you have operational control over day-to-day activities; 3. The SWPPP indicates the name of the party(ies) with operational control over project specifications (including the ability to make modifications in specifications). C. If you have operational control over only a portion of a larger project (e.g., one of four homebuilders in a subdivision), you are responsible for compliance with all applicable effluent limits, terms, and conditions of this permit as it relates to your activities on your portion of the construction site, including protection of endangered species, critical habitat, and historic properties, and implementation of control measures described in the SWPPP. You must ensure either directly or through coordination with other permittees, that your activities do not render another party’s pollutant discharge controls ineffective. You must either implement your portion of a common SWPPP or develop and implement your own SWPPP. For more effective coordination of BMPs and opportunities for cost sharing, a cooperative effort by the different operators at a site to prepare and participate in a comprehensive SWPPP is encouraged. Individual operators at a site may, but are not Small and Large Construction Activities 20 General Permit required to, develop separate SWPPPs that cover only their portion of the project provided reference is made to other operators at the site. In instances where there is more than one SWPPP for a site, cooperation between the permittees is encouraged to ensure the stormwater discharge control measures are consistent with one another (e.g., provisions to protect listed species and critical habitat). PART 6: TERMINATION OF COVERAGE 6.1 Submitting a Notice of Termination Submit a complete and accurate Notice of Termination (NOT) either electronically (strongly encouraged) at www.epa.gov/npdes/eNOI or by completing the paper Notice of Termination form included in Appendix F of this permit and submitting that form to the address listed in Part 2.2. 6.2 When to Submit a Notice of Termination You may only submit a Notice of Termination (NOT) after one or more of the following conditions have been met: A. Final stabilization has been achieved on all portions of the site for which you are responsible; B. Another operator has assumed control according to Appendix G, Section 11.C over all areas of the site that have not been finally stabilized; C. Coverage under an individual or alternative general NPDES permit has been obtained; or D. For residential construction only, temporary stabilization has been completed and the residence has been transferred to the homeowner. The NOT must be submitted within 30 days of one of the above conditions being met. Authorization to discharge terminates at midnight of the day the NOT is signed. PART 7: RETENTION OF RECORDS Copies of the SWPPP and all documentation required by this permit, including records of all data used to complete the NOI to be covered by this permit, must be retained for at least three years from the date that permit coverage expires or is terminated. This period may be extended by request of EPA at any time. PART 8: REOPENER CLAUSE 8.1 Procedures for Modification or Revocation Permit modification or revocation will be conducted according to 40 CFR §122.62, §122.63, §122.64 and §124.5. Small and Large Construction Activities 21 General Permit 8.2 Water Quality Protection If there is evidence indicating that the stormwater discharges authorized by this permit cause, have the reasonable potential to cause or contribute to an excursion above any applicable water quality standard, you may be required to obtain an individual permit in accordance with Part 2.6 of this permit, or the permit may be modified to include different limitations and/or requirements. 8.3 Timing of Permit Modification EPA may elect to modify the permit prior to its expiration (rather than waiting for the new permit cycle) to comply with any new statutory or regulatory requirements, such as for effluent limitation guidelines that may be promulgated in the course of the current permit cycle. PART 9: STANDARD PERMIT CONDITIONS The federal regulations require that the Standard Conditions provisioned at 40 CFR §122.41 be applied to all NPDES permits. You are required to comply with those Standard Conditions, details of which are provided in Appendix G. PART 10: PERMIT CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO SPECIFIC STATES, INDIAN COUNTRY, OR TERRITORIES The provisions of this Part provide modifications or additions to the applicable conditions of this permit to reflect specific additional conditions required as part of the state or tribal CWA Section 401 certification process, or the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) certification process, or as otherwise established by the permitting authority. The specific additional revisions and requirements only apply to activities in those specific states, Indian country, and federal facilities. States, Indian country, and federal facilities not included in this Part do not have any modifications or additions to the applicable conditions of this permit. A. Region 1 1. MAR100000: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, except Indian country a. State Water Quality Statutes, Regulations, and Policies: i. You must comply with the Massachusetts Clean Waters Act (Ch. 21, ss. 26-53). ii. You must comply with the conditions in 314 CMR 4.00 - Surface Water Quality Standards. iii. You must comply with the conditions in 314 CMR 3.00 - Surface Water Discharge Permit Program. iv. You must comply with the Wetlands Protection Act, Ch. 131, s. 40 and its regulations, 310 CMR 10.00 and any order of Conditions issued by a Conservation Commission or a Superseding Order of Conditions issued by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. Small and Large Construction Activities 22 General Permit b. Department of Environmental Protection Storm Water Management Policy: i. You must comply with the Massachusetts Storm Water Management Policy, and applicable Storm Water Performance Standards, as prescribed by state regulations promulgated under the authority of the Massachusetts Clean Waters Act, MGL Ch. 21, ss. 26-53 and the Wetlands Protection Act Ch. 131, s. 40. c. Other State Environmental Laws, Regulations, Policies: i. You must comply with the Massachusetts Endangered Species Act [MESA] (MGL Ch. 313A and regulations at 321 CMR 10.00) and any actions undertaken to comply with this storm water permit, shall not result in noncompliance with the MESA. ii. You must not conduct activities under this permit that will interfere with implementation of mosquito control work conducted in accordance with Chapter 252 including, s. 5A thereunder and MassDEP Guideline Number BRP G01-02, West Nile Virus Application of Pesticides to Wetland Resource Areas and Buffer Zones, and Public Water Systems. d. Other Department Directives: i. The Department may require you to perform water quality monitoring during the permit term if monitoring is necessary for the protection of public health or the environment as designated under the authority at 314 CMR 3.00. ii. The Department may require you to provide measurable verification of the effectiveness of BMPs and other control measures in your management program, including water quality monitoring. iii. The Department has determined that compliance with this permit does not protect you from enforcement actions deemed necessary by the Department under its associated regulations to address an imminent threat to the public health or a significant adverse environmental impact which results in a violation of the Massachusetts Clean Waters Act, Ch. 21, ss. 26-53. iv. The Department reserves the right to modify the 401 Water Quality Certification if any changes, modifications or deletions are made to the general permit. In addition, the Department reserves the right to add and/or alter the terms and conditions of its 401 Water Quality Certification to carry out its responsibilities during the term of this permit with respect to water quality, including any revisions to 314 CMR 4.00, Surface Water Quality Standards. e. Permit Compliance i. Should any violation of the Massachusetts Surface Water Quality Standards (314 CMR 4.00) or the conditions of this certification occur, the Department will direct you to correct the violations(s). The Department has the right to take any action as authorized by the General Laws of the Commonwealth to address the violation of this permit or the MA Clean Waters Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder. Substantial civil and criminal penalties are authorized under MGL Ch. 21, s. 42 for discharging into Massachusetts’ waters in violation of an order or permit issued by this Department. This Small and Large Construction Activities 23 General Permit certification does not relieve you of the duty to comply with other applicable Massachusetts statutes and regulations. 2. NHR100000: State of New Hampshire a. If you disturb 100,000 square feet or more of contiguous area, you must also apply for a “Significant Alteration of the Terrain Permit from DES pursuant to RSA 485-A:17 and Env-Ws 415. This requirement applies to the disturbances of only 50,000 square feet when construction occurs within the protected shoreline (see RSA 483-B and Env-Ws 1400). b. You must determine that any excavation dewatering discharges are not contaminated before they will be authorized as an allowable non-storm water discharge under this permit (see Subpart 1.3.B). The water is considered uncontaminated if there is no groundwater contamination within 1,000 feet of the discharge. Information on groundwater contamination can be generated over the Internet via the NHDES web site http://www.des.state.nh.us (One Stop Data Retrieval, Onestop Master Site Table). The web site also provides E-mail access to an NHDES Site Remediation Contact to answer questions about using the Web site. c. You must treat any uncontaminated excavation dewatering discharges as necessary to remove suspended solids and turbidity. The discharges must be sampled at a location prior to mixing with storm water at least once per week during weeks when discharges occur. The samples must be analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS) and must meet monthly average and maximum daily TSS limitations of 50 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and 100 mg/L, respectively. TSS (a.k.a. Residue, Nonfilterable) analysis and sampling must be performed in accordance with Tables IB (parameter, units and method) and II (required containers, preservation techniques and holding times) in 40 CFR 136.3 (see: http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_02/40cfr136_02.html). Records of any sampling and analysis must be maintained and kept with the SWPPP for at least three years after final site stabilization. d. During site design and preparation of the storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP), you must consider opportunities for groundwater recharge using on-site infiltration. The SWPPP must include a description of any on-site infiltration that will be installed as a post construction storm water management measure (see Subpart 3.4.E) or reasons for not employing such measures. For design considerations for infiltration measures see the September 2001 DES publication titled “Managing Storm Water as a Valuable Resource” which is available online at: http://www.des.state.nh.us/StormWater/construction.htm. Loss of annual recharge to groundwater should be minimized through the use of infiltration measures wherever feasible. B. Region 2 – No additional requirements. C. Region 5 1. MNR100000: Indian Country within the State of Minnesota Small and Large Construction Activities 24 General Permit a. Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa i. A copy of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan must be submitted to the following office at least thirty (30) days in advance of sending the Notice of Intent (NOI) to EPA: Fond du Lac Reservation Office of Water Protection 1720 Big Lake Road Cloquet, MN 55720 CGP applicants are encouraged to work with the FDL Office of Water Protection in the identification of all proposed receiving waters. ii. Copies of the NOI and the Notice of Termination (NOT) must be sent to the Fond du Lac Office of Water Protection at the same time they are submitted to EPA. iii. This certification does not pertain to any new discharge to Outstanding Reservation Resource Waters (ORRW) as described in §105 b.3 of the Fond du Lac Water Quality Standards (Ordinance #12/98). Although additional waters may be designated in the future, currently Perch Lake, Rice Portage Lake, Miller Lake, Deadfish Lake and Jaskari Lake are designated as ORRWs. New dischargers wishing to discharge to an ORRW must obtain an individual permit for stormwater discharges from large and small construction activities. iv. All work shall be carried out in such a manner as will prevent violations of water quality criteria as stated in the Water Quality Standards of the Fond du Lac Reservation, Ordinance 12/98 as amended. This includes, but is not limited to, the prevention of any discharge that causes a condition in which visible solids, bottom deposits, or turbidity impairs the usefulness of water of the Fond du Lac Reservation for any of the uses designated in the Water Quality Standards of the Fond du Lac Reservation. These uses include wildlife, aquatic life, warm and cold water fisheries, subsistence fishing (netting), primary contact recreation, cultural, wild rice areas, aesthetic waters, agriculture, navigation and commercial. v. Appropriate steps shall be taken to ensure that petroleum products or other chemical pollutants are prevented from entering waters of the Fond du Lac Reservation. All spills must be reported to the appropriate emergency management agency, and measures shall be taken immediately to prevent the pollution of waters of the Fond du Lac reservation, including groundwater. vi. This certification does not authorize impacts to cultural, historical, or archeological features or sites, or properties that may be eligible for such listing. b. Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa [Coverage not yet available] 2. WIR100000: Indian Country within the State of Wisconsin, except the Sokaogon Chippewa Community. a. No additional requirements Small and Large Construction Activities 25 General Permit Note: Facilities within the Sokaogon Chippewa Community are not eligible for stormwater discharge coverage under this permit. Contact the Region 5 office for an individual permit application. D. Region 6 1. NMR100000: The State of New Mexico, except Indian country a. In addition to all other provisions of this permit, operators who intend to obtain authorization under this permit for all new stormwater discharges must satisfy the conditions in Part 10.C.1.b., unless a TMDL has been established for the receiving stream which specifies a waste load allocation (WLA) for construction stormwater discharges or the receiving stream is a Tier 3 water, in which case Part 10.C.1.c. applies. b. The SWPPP must include site-specific interim and permanent stabilization, managerial, and structural solids, erosion, and sediment control best management practices (BMPs) and/or other controls that are designed to prevent to the maximum extent practicable an increase in the sediment yield and flow velocity from pre-construction, pre-development conditions to assure that applicable standards in 20.6.4 NMAC, including the antidegradation policy, or WLAs are met. This requirement applies to discharges both during construction and after construction operations have been completed. The SWPPP must identify, and document the rationale for selecting these BMPs and/or other controls. The SWPPP must also describe design specifications, construction specifications, maintenance schedules (including a long term maintenance plan), criteria for inspections, as well as expected performance and longevity of these BMPs. BMP selection must be made based on the use of appropriate soil loss prediction models (such as SEDCAD 4.0, RUSLE, SEDIMOT II, MULTISED, etc.), or equivalent, generally accepted (by professional erosion control specialists), soil loss prediction tools. The operator(s) must demonstrate, and include documentation in the SWPPP, that implementation of the site-specific practices will assure that the applicable standards or WLAs are met, and will result in sediment yields and flow velocities that, to the maximum extent practicable, will not be greater than the sediment yield levels and flow velocities from preconstruction, pre-development conditions. The SWPPP must be prepared in accordance with good engineering practices by qualified (e.g., CPESC certified, engineers with appropriate training, etc.) erosion control specialists familiar with the use of soil loss prediction models and design of erosion and sediment control systems based on these models (or equivalent soil loss prediction tools). The operator(s) must design, implement, and maintain BMPs in the manner specified in the SWPPP. c. Operators are not eligible to obtain authorization under this permit for all new stormwater discharges to outstanding national resource waters (ONRWs) (also referred to as “Tier 3: waters). According to the Antidegradation Policy at Paragraph 3 of Subsection A of 20.6.4.8 NMAC, in part, “ONRWs may include, but are not limited to, surface waters of the state within national and state monuments, parks, wildlife refuges, waters of exceptional recreational or Small and Large Construction Activities 26 General Permit ecological significance, and waters identified under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.” No ONRWs exist at the time this permit is being finalized; however, during the term of the permit, if a receiving water is designated as an ONRW, the operator must obtain an individual permit for stormwater discharges from large and small construction activities. d. Stormwater discharges associated with construction activity that the State has determined to be or may reasonably be expected to be contributing to a violation of an applicable standard, including the antidegradation policy, are not authorized by this permit. Note: Upon receipt of this determination, NMED anticipates that, within a reasonable period of time, EPA will notify the general permittee to apply for and obtain an individual NPDES permit for these discharges per 40 CFR Part 122.28(b)(3). e. Inspections required under Part 4 must be conducted at least once every 14 calendar days and within 24 hours of the end of a storm event of 0.5 inches or greater. The option for inspections at least once per 7 calendar days is not available. The Inspection Waivers provided in Part 4.B and C still apply. f. Permittees can use temporary erosion controls as described in item 3 of the Appendix A definition of “Final Stabilization” as a method for final stabilization under the permit only under the following conditions: If this option is selected, you must notify SWQB at the address listed in item g. below at the time the NOT is submitted to EPA. The information to be submitted includes: • • • • A copy of the NOT; Contact information, including individual name or title, address, and phone number for the qualified (see CGP Part 4.10.D) party responsible for implementing the final stabilization measures; and The date that the temporary erosion control practice was implemented (this is always prior to, and sometimes significantly prior to, submission of an NOT) and the projected timeframe that the 70% native vegetative cover requirements are expected to be met. (Note that if more than three years is required to establish 70 percent of the natural vegetative cover, this technique cannot be used or cited for fulfillment of the final stabilization requirement – you remain responsible for establishment of final stabilization) SWQB also requires that you periodically (minimum once/year) inspect and properly maintain the area until the criteria for final stabilization, as defined in Appendix A, item 3 of the CGP, have been met. You must prepare an inspection report documenting the findings of these inspections and signed in accordance with Appendix G, Section 11 of the CGP. This inspection record must be retained along with the SWPPP for three years after the NOT is submitted for the site and additionally submitted to SWQB at the address listed in item g. below. The inspections must at a minimum include the following: Observations of all areas of the site disturbed by construction activity; Small and Large Construction Activities 27 General Permit • Best Management Practices (BMPs)/post-construction storm water controls must be observed to ensure they are effective; • An assessment of the status of vegetative re-establishment; and • Corrective actions required to ensure vegetative success within three years, and control of pollutants in storm water runoff from the site, including implementation dates. Signed copies of discharge monitoring reports, individual permit applications, and all other reports required by the permit to be submitted, shall also be sent to: Program Manager Point Source Regulation Section Surface Water Quality Bureau New Mexico Environment Department P.O. Box 26110 Santa Fe, NM 87502 2. NMR10000I: Indian country within the State of New Mexico, except Navajo Reservation Lands that are covered under Arizona permit AZR10000I and Ute Mountain Reservation Lands that are covered under Colorado permit COR10000I a. Pueblo of Acoma. The following conditions apply only to facilities on or bordering the Pueblo of Acoma with discharges into or flowing into waters of the Pueblo. i. A copy of the Notice of Intent and Notice of Termination must be submitted to the Haaku Water Office at the address below at the same time they are submitted to EPA. A copy of the storm water pollution prevention plan must be provided to the Haaku Water Office upon request. ii. HAAKU WATER OFFICE PO Box 309 Pueblo of Acoma, NM 87034 b. Pueblo of Isleta. The following conditions apply only to discharges on the Pueblo of Isleta. i. Subpart 1.3.C.4, (Eligibility, Limitations on Coverage) first sentence, is revised to read: “This permit does not authorize discharges that EPA or the Pueblo of Isleta, prior to authorization under this permit, determines will cause, have the reasonable potential to cause, or contribute to an excursion above any applicable water quality standard or impairment of a designated use of receiving waters.” ii. Subpart 2.2. (How to Submit) is amended to require: Copies of all Notices of Intent submitted to EPA must also be sent concurrently to the Pueblo of Isleta at the following address. Discharges are not authorized by this permit unless an accurate and complete Notice of Intent has been submitted to the Pueblo of Isleta. Regular U.S. Mail Delivery Natural Resources Department Pueblo of Isleta Small and Large Construction Activities 28 General Permit P.O. Box 1270 Isleta, NM 87022 Overnight/Express Mail Delivery Natural Resources Department Building L 11000 Broadway, SE Albuquerque, NM 87105 iii. Part 2 (Authorizations for Discharges of Storm Water from Construction Activity), second sentence, is amended to read: “Discharges are not authorized if your NOI is incomplete or inaccurate, if you failed to submit a copy of the NOI to the Pueblo of Isleta, or if you were never eligible for permit coverage. iv. Subpart 5.3 (Description of Control Measures to Reduce Pollutant Discharges), section A, last sentence, is amended to read: “For each major activity identified in the project description the SWPPP must clearly describe appropriate control measures, the general sequence during the construction process in which the measures will be implemented, and which operator is responsible for the control measure’s implementation and maintenance.” v. Subpart 5.7 (Copy of Permit Requirements), first sentence, is revised to read “Copies of this permit and of the signed and certified NOI form that was submitted to the Pueblo of Isleta and EPA must be included in the SWPPP.” vi. Subpart 4. (Inspections), section A is revised to read “Inspections must be conducted at least once every 7 calendar days and within 24 hours of the end of a storm event of 0.5 inches or greater.” vii. Subpart 4. (Inspections), section H, last paragraph, is amended to add: “Copies of inspection reports that identify incidents of noncompliance shall be sent to Pueblo of Isleta at the address listed in Subpart 2.2.” (See above) viii. Subpart 5.11. (Signature, Plan Review and Making Plans Available), section A, first sentence is amended to read: “A copy of the SWPPP (including a copy of the permit), NOI, and acknowledgement letter from EPA must be retained at the construction site (or other location easily accessible during normal business hours to the Pueblo of Isleta’s Natural Resources Department, EPA, a state, tribal or local agency approving sediment and erosion plans, grading plans, or storm water management plans; local government officials; the operator of a municipal separate storm sewer receiving discharges from the site; and representatives of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the National Marine Fisheries Service) from the date of commencement of construction activities to the date of final stabilization.” ix. Subpart 5.11. (Signature, Plan Review and Making Plans Available), section C. is amended to read: “SWPPPs must be made available upon request by EPA; representatives of the Pueblo of Isleta Natural Resources Department, a state, tribal or local agency approving sediment and erosion plans, grading Small and Large Construction Activities 29 General Permit plans, or storm water management plans; local government officials; the operator of a municipal separate storm sewer receiving discharges from the site; and representatives of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the National Marine Fisheries Service to the requestor. The copy of the SWPPP that is required to be kept on-site or locally available must be made available, in its entirety, to the EPA staff and the Pueblo of Isleta’s Natural Resources Department staff for review and copying at the time of an on-site inspection. x. Subpart 3.1.A (Sediment Controls), is amended to add: “Erosion and sediment controls shall be designed to retain sediment on-site.” xi. Subpart 3.1.I (Spills/Releases in Excess of Reportable Quantities), first bullet is amended to read: “you must provide notice to the Pueblo of Isleta Natural Resources Department (505-869-5748) and the National Response Center (NRC) (800–424–8802; in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area call 202–426– 2675) in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 110, 40 CFR Part 117 and 40 CFR Part 302 as soon as site staff have knowledge of the discharge; and” xii. Subpart 3.4.B (Attainment of Water Quality Standards After Authorization), is amended to add: “You must provide the Pueblo of Isleta, at the address listed in Subpart 2.2, with a copy of the EPA notification, modifications to your storm water controls, data and certification required by EPA.” xiii. Subpart 6.1. (Submitting a Notice of Termination) is amended to add: Copies of all Notices of Termination submitted to EPA must also be sent concurrently to the Pueblo of Isleta at the following address in Subpart 2.2. xiv. Any correspondence, other than NOIs and NOTs, with the Pueblo of Isleta concerning storm water discharges authorized by this permit shall sent one of the addresses in Subpart 2.2. xv. Appendix G, Section 9, first sentence is amended to read: “You must allow the Pueblo of Isleta’s Natural Resources Department, EPA, or an authorized representative (including an authorized contractor acting as a representative of the Administrator), upon presentation of credentials and other documents as may be required by law, to:…” xvi. Appendix G, Section 12, subsections A- H are amended to require that when you must notify EPA of an event (e.g., planned changes, anticipated noncompliance, transfers, required reporting due to potential adverse effects or environmental impacts or other noncompliance matters), the Pueblo of Isleta must also be notified. xvii. Parties wishing to apply for an Equivalent Analysis Waiver (see Appendix D, Section C) must provide a copy of the waiver analysis to the Pueblo of Isleta at the address specified in Subpart 2.2 at the time it is submitted to EPA. c. Ohkay Owingeh (San Juan Pueblo). The following conditions apply only to discharges on Ohkay Owinegeh. Small and Large Construction Activities 30 General Permit i. Copies of the Notice of Intent (NOI) and Notice of Termination (NOT) must be provided to the Pueblo at the time it is provided to the Environmental Protection Agency, at the following address. A copy of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan must be provided to the Pueblo upon request. Office of Environmental Affairs P.O. Box 717 Ohkay Owingeh, NM 87566 ii. Appendix G, Section 10 (Monitoring and records), item D is amended to add: “All monitoring must be conducted in accordance with the Pueblo of San Juan’s Quality Assurance Project Plan.” d. Pueblo of Nambé. The following conditions apply only to discharges on the Pueblo of Nambé. i. Copies of the Notice of Intent (NOI), Notice of Termination (NOT), and any analytical data must be provided to the Nambé Pueblo Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) at the time it is provided to the Environmental Protection Agency, at the following address. A copy of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan must be provided to the Pueblo upon request. ii. All correspondence chall be sent to: Pueblo of Nambé Department of Environment and Natural Resources Rt. 1 Box 117-BB Santa Fe, NM 87506 505-455-2036 ext. 120 fax: 505-455-8873 e. Pueblo of Picuris. The following conditions apply only to discharges on the Pueblo of Picuris. i. Copies of the Notice of Intent (NOI), Notice of Termination (NOT), and any analytical data (e.g. Discharge Monitoring Reports, etc.) or any other reports must be provided to the Pueblo at the time it is provided to the Environmental Protection Agency. A copy of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan must be provided to the Pueblo upon request. ii. All correspondence shall be sent to: Cordell Arellano Director, Environment Department Pueblo of Picuris PO Box 158 Penasco, NM 87553 f. Pueblo of Pojoaque. The following conditions apply only to discharges on the Pueblo of Pojoaque. i. Copies of the Notice of Intent (NOI), Notice of Termination (NOT), and any analytical data (e.g. Discharge Monitoring Reports, etc.) or any other reports must be provided to the Pueblo at the time it is provided to the Environmental Protection Agency. A copy of documents related to the Small and Large Construction Activities 31 General Permit Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan must be provided to the Pueblo upon request. ii. All correspondence shall be sent to: Luke Mario Duran Director, Environment Department Pueblo of Pojoaque 5 West Gutierrez, Suite 2b Santa Fe, NM 87506 g. Pueblo of Taos. The following conditions apply only to discharges on the Pueblo of Taos. i. Copies of the Notice of Intent (NOI) and Notice of Termination (NOT) must be provided to the Taos Pueblo Governor’s Office and the Taos Pueblo Environmental Office at the same time as or prior to submission to the Environmental Protection Agency. A copy of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan must be provided to Pueblo environmental personnel upon request. ii. All correspondence for both the Taos Pueblo Governor’s Office and the Taos Pueblo Environmental Office (same address) shall be sent to: Governor/ Taos Pueblo Environmental Office (as applicable) Taos Pueblo PO Box 1846 Taos, NM 87571 h. Pueblo of Sandia. The following conditions apply only to discharges on the Pueblo of Sandia. i. A copy of the Notice of Intent (NOI) must be provided to the Pueblo at the same, (or prior to) the time it is submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency. ii. The Pueblo of Sandia objects to use of Low Rainfall Erosivity Waivers (see Appendix D, Part A) for any small construction activities on the Pueblo, so this waiver will not be available for construction projects on the Pueblo. Permittees wishing to apply for all other waivers (see Appendix D) must provide a copy of the waiver certification or analysis to the Pueblo of Sandia Environment Department. iii. The Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) must be available to the Pueblo of Sandia either electronically or hard copy upon request for review. The SWPPP must be made available at least fourteen (14) days before construction begins. The fourteen (14) day period will give Tribal staff time to become familiar with the project site, prepare for construction inspections, and determine compliance with the Pueblo of Sandia Water Quality Standards. Failure to provide a SWPPP to the Pueblo of Sandia may result in denial of the discharge or construction delay. iv. Discharges are not authorized by this permit unless and until: a. An accurate and complete NOI has been submitted to the Pueblo; AND Small and Large Construction Activities 32 General Permit b. An “Authorization to Proceed Letter” with any site specific mitigation requirements has been received from the Pueblo of Sandia following their review of the NOI and SWPPP and the permittee complies with all applicable requirements therein. v. Before submitting a Notice of Termination (NOT), permittees must clearly demonstrate to the Pueblo of Sandia Environment Department though a site visit or documentation that requirements for site stabilization have been met and any temporary erosion control structures have been removed (or operational control is being passed to another operator). A short letter concurring that conditions for submittal of an NOT have met will be sent to the permittee by the Pueblo. Upon receipt of this letter, and provided the all other applicable requirements of the permit are met, the permittee will be eligible to submit and NOT. vi. You must telephone the Pueblo of Sandia Environment Department at (505) 867-4533 of any noncompliance that may endanger human health or the environment within ten (10) hours of becoming aware of the circumstance. vii. All corresondance shall be sent to: Scott Bulgrin, Water Quality Manager Pueblo of Sandia 481 Sandia Loop Bernalillo, NM 87004 i. Santa Clara Pueblo. The following conditions apply only to discharges on the Santa Clara Pueblo. i. Copies of the Notice of Intent (NOI) and Notice of Termination (NOT) must be provided to the Pueblo of Santa Clara Office of Environmental Affairs when they are submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency. ii. A copy of the storm water pollution prevention plan must be made available to the Pueblo of Santa Clara Office of Environmental Affairs upon request. iii. Construction site operators must notify the Pueblo of Santa Clara Office of Environmental Affairs by telephone at (505) 753-7326 of any noncompliance discharges that may endanger human health or the environment within twenty-fout (24) hours of becoming aware of the discharge. iv. All correspondence shall be sent to: Santa Clara Office of Environmental Affairs Taos Pueblo One Kee Street PO Box 580 Espanola, NM 87532 505-753-7326 Tel 505-747-2728 Fax j. Pueblo of Tesuque. The following conditions apply only to discharges on the Pueblo of Tesuque. i. Copies of the Notice of Intent (NOI), Notice of Termination (NOT), and any analytical data (e.g. Discharge Monitoring Reports, etc.) or any other Small and Large Construction Activities 33 General Permit reports must be provided to the Pueblo at the time it is provided to the Environmental Protection Agency. ii. A copy of documents related to the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan must be provided to the Pueblo upon request. iii. All correspondence shall be sent to: Ryan Swazo-Hinds Sr. Envirionmental Technician Pueblo of Tesuque Environment Department Rt. 42, Box 360-T Santa Fe, NM 87506 3. OKR10000F: Discharges in the State of Oklahoma that are not under the authority of the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, including activities associated with oil and gas exploration, drilling, operations, and pipelines (includes SIC Groups 13 and 46, and SIC codes 492 and 5171), and point source discharges associated with agricultural production, services, and silviculture (includes SIC Groups 01, 02, 07, 08, 09). a. In accordance with Oklahoma’s Water Quality Standards (OAC 785:45-5-25), Subpart 1.3.C. (Limitations on Coverage) is modified to add paragraphs 8 and 9 as follows: “8. For activities located within the watershed of any Oklahoma Scenic River, including the Illinois River, Flint Creek, Barren Fork Creek, Upper Mountain Fork, Little Lee Creek, and Big Lee Creek or any water or watershed designated “ORW” (Outstanding Resource Water) in Oklahoma’s Water Quality Standards, this permit may only be used to authorize discharges from temporary construction activities. Discharges from any on-going activities such as sand and gravel mining or any other mineral mining are not authorized. 9. For activities located within the watershed of any Oklahoma Scenic River, including the Illinois River, Flint Creek, Barren Fork Creek, Upper Mountain Fork, Little Lee Creek, and Big Lee Creek or any water or watershed designated “ORW” (Outstanding Resource Water) in Oklahoma’s Water Quality Standards, this permit may not be used to authorize discharges from support activities, including concrete or asphalt batch plants, equipment staging yards, material storage areas, excavated material disposal areas, or borrow areas.” 4. OKR10000I: Indian country within the State of Oklahoma. a. In order to protect downstream waters subject to the state of Oklahoma’s Water Quality Standards (OAC 785:45-5-25) where receiving waters flow from Indian Country to State waters, Subpart 1.3.C. (Limitations on Coverage) is modified to add paragraphs 8 and 9 as follows: “8. For activities located within the watershed of any Oklahoma Scenic River, including the Illinois River, Flint Creek, Barren Fork Creek, Upper Mountain Fork, Little Lee Creek, and Big Lee Creek or any water or watershed designated Small and Large Construction Activities 34 General Permit “ORW” (Outstanding Resource Water) in Oklahoma’s Water Quality Standards, this permit may only be used to authorize discharges from temporary construction activities. Discharges from any on-going activities such as sand and gravel mining or any other mineral mining are not authorized. 9. For activities located within the watershed of any Oklahoma Scenic River, including the Illinois River, Flint Creek, Barren Fork Creek, Upper Mountain Fork, Little Lee Creek, and Big Lee Creek or any water or watershed designated “ORW” (Outstanding Resource Water) in Oklahoma’s Water Quality Standards, this permit may not be used to authorize discharges from support activities, including concrete or asphalt batch plants, equipment staging yards, material storage areas, excavated material disposal areas, or borrow areas.” b. Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma. The following conditions apply only to discharges on the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma. i. Copies of the Notice of Intent (NOI) and Notice of Termination (NOT) must be provided to the Pawnee Nation at the same time they are submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency. ii. A copy of the storm water pollution prevention plan must be made available to Pawnee Nation Department of Environmental Conservation and Safety upon request. iii. Construction site operators must notify the Pawnee Nation Department of Environmental Conservation and Safety by telephone at (918) 7623655 immediately of any non-compliance with any provision of the permit conditions. iv. All correspondence shall be sent to: Pawnee Nation Department of Environmental Conservation and Safety PO Box 470 Pawnee, OK 74058 5. TXR10000F: Discharges in the State of Texas that are not under the authority of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, including activities associated with the exploration, development, or production of oil or gas or geothermal resources, including transportation of crude oil or natural gas by pipeline. NOTE: This permit does not create an obligation to obtain a permit where such obligation does not already exist under federal statute or regulation. For more information on the Clean Water Act §§ 402(l)(2) permitting exemption for uncontaminated discharges of storm water from oil and gas exploration, production, processing, or treatment operations or transmission facilities, visit: http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/oilgas.cfm D. Region 8 1. MTR10000I: a. Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes. The following conditions only apply for projects on the Flathead Indian Reservation: Small and Large Construction Activities 35 General Permit i. ii. iii. iv. Permittees must send a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) to the Tribe at least 30 days before construction starts; Before submitting a Notice of Termination (NOT), permittees must clearly demonstrate to an appointed tribal staff person during an on-site inspection that requirements for site stabilization have been met; Permittees submitting electronic Notices of Intents (eNOI’s) to USEPA must cc a copy to NRD-EPD@cskt.org; and Written NOIs, SWPPPs, and NOTs shall be mailed to: Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes National Resources Department Department Head P.O. Box 278 Pablo, MT 59855 Permittees may also submit their SWPPP and NOT to NRD-EPD@cskt.org b. Fort Peck Tribes. The following conditions only apply for projects on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation: i. The permittee must send a copy of the Notice of Intent (NOI) and the Notice of Termination (NOT) to the Tribes at the same time that the NOI and NOT is submitted to EPA. Copies of the NOI and NOT shall be accepted either electronically or hard copy format and should be sent to: ii. Deb Madison Environmental Programs Manager Fort Peck Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes P.O. Box 1027 Poplar, MT 59255 Tel: 406.768.2389 Fax: 406.768.5606 E-mail: 2horses@nemont.net A copy of the proposed SWPPP at the time of NOI/NOT submissions must be sent to the Tribes to ensure that upon closure of the site and/or activities all environmental commitments have been met. c. Northern Cheyenne Reservation. The following conditions only apply for projects on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation: i. Permittees must contact the Northern Cheyenne Environmental Protection Department at (406) 477-6506 prior to authorization to discharge under the general permit; ii. The Tribe shall review and approve SWPPPs prior to approval; and iii. The Tribe shall review and improve BMPs on site to ensure that Tribal water quality standards are protected. Small and Large Construction Activities 36 General Permit E. Region 9 1. ASR100000: The Island of American Samoa a. Discharges authorized by the general permit shall meet all applicable American Samoa water quality standards. b. Permittees discharging under the general permit shall comply with all conditions of the permit. 3. AZR10000I: Indian country lands within the State of Arizona, including Navajo Reservation lands in New Mexico and Utah a. White Mountain Apache Tribe. The following condition applies only for projects on the White Mountain Apache Reservation: All NOIs for proposed stormwater discharge coverage shall be provided to the following address: Tribal Environmental Planning Office P.O. Box 2109 Whiteriver, AZ 85941 b. Hoopa Valley Tribe. The following conditions apply only for projects on the Hoopa Valley Reservation: i. All notices of intent submitted for stormwater discharges under the general permit in Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation (HVIR) shall be submitted to the Tribal Environmental Protection Agency (TEPA); and ii. All pollution prevention plans for stormwater discharge in HVIR shall be submitted to TEPA for review and approval. c. 29 Palms Band of Mission Indians. The following conditions apply only for projects on the 29 Palms Band of Mission Indians Reservation: i. The 29 Palms Tribal EPA is informed of any future changes made to the proposed CGP; ii. For each permitted activity, the U.S. EPA will ensure that all terms and conditions of the proposed CGP are complied with; iii Notices of intent must be submitted to the 29 Palms Tribal EPA for review, comment and tracking; iv. Copies of stormwater pollution prevention plans (SWPPPs) and supporting Best Management Practices (BMPs) must be submitted to the 29 Palms Tribal EPA for review and compliance; v. Copies of all monitoring reports must be provided to the 29 Palms Tribal EPA; vi. Depending on the permitted activity, the 29 Palms Tribal EPA reserves the right to stipulate additional monitoring requirements; and vii. In order to meet the requirements of Tribal law, including water quality standards, each of the conditions cited in the proposed CGP and the Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians certification shall not be made any less stringent. Small and Large Construction Activities 37 General Permit d. Hualapai Tribe. The following conditions apply only for projects on the Hualapai Reservation: i. All notices of intent for proposed stormwater discharges under the CGP and all pollution prevention plans for stormwater discharges on Hualapai Tribal lands shall be submitted to the Water Resource Program through the Tribal Chairman for review and approval, P.O. Box 179, Peach Springs, AZ 86434. e. Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe. The following conditions apply only for projects on the Pyramid Lake Paiute Reservation: i. All notices of intent (NOIs) must be submitted to the Tribe for review, comments and tracking; ii. copies of all Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPPs) and supporting Best Management Practices (BMPs) must be submitted to the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe for review and concurrence; iii. copies of the criteria for Effluent Limitations Guidelines (ELGs) and the criteria for proposed Qualifying Local Programs (QLPs) to be used for sediment and erosion control pursuant to 40 CFR 122.44(s) be provided to the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe; and iv. copies of all monitoring reports must be provided to the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe. 4. MPR100000: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) a. An Earthmoving and Erosion Control Permit shall be obtained from the CNMI DEQ prior to any construction activity covered under the NPDES general permit. b. All conditions and requirements set forth in the USEPA NPDES general permit for discharges from large and small construction must be complied with. c. A SWPPP for storm water discharges from construction activity must be approved by the Director of the CNMI DEQ prior to the submission of the NOI to USEPA. The CNMI address for the submittal of the SWPPP for approval is: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Office of the Governor Director, Division of Environmental Quality (DEQ) P.O. Box 501304 C.K. Saipan, MP 96950-1304 d. An NOI to be covered by the general permit for discharges from large and small construction sites must be submitted to CNMI DEQ (use above address) and USEPA, Region 9, in the form prescribed by USEPA, accompanied by a SWPPP approval letter from CNMI DEQ. e. The NOI must be postmarked seven (7) calendar days prior to any storm water discharges and a copy must be submitted to the Director of CNMI DEQ (use above address) no later than seven (7) calendar days prior to any stormwater discharges. Small and Large Construction Activities 38 General Permit f. Copies of all monitoring reports required by the NPDES general permit must be submitted to CNMI DEQ (use above address). g. In accordance with section 10.3(h) and (i) of the CNMI water quality standards, CNMI DEQ reserves the right to deny coverage under the general permit and to require submittal of an application for an individual NPDES permit based on a review of the NOI or other information made available to the Director. F. Region 10 1. AKR100000: The State of Alaska, except Indian country a. For Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans i. Operators of construction projects disturbing at least one acre of land but less than five acres of land shall submit a copy of the Notice of Intent (NOI) to the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) at the same time it is submitted to the EPA. Submittals to ADEC shall be made to the following address Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Wastewater Discharge/Storm Water 555 Cordova St. Anchorage, AK 99501 ii. Operators of construction projects that disturb five or more acres of land and that are located outside the areas of the local governments described in numbers iii, iv, v, or vi below, shall submit a copy of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and a copy of the NOI to ADEC for review. The SWPPP shall be accompanied by the state-required plan review fee (see 18 AAC 72.955). iii. Within the Municipality of Anchorage (1) Operators of construction projects disturbing one or more acres of land shall submit a copy of the SWPPP to either ADEC or the Municipality based on the project type and operator as shown in the following table Project Type Submit SWPPP to Government (federal, state, municipal) road projects and other government transportation projects such as ports, railroads or airports ADEC Utility projects for which the utility is initiating the work Municipality Work that requires a Building Permit Municipality Non-publicly funded transportation projects Municipality (2) Submittal of the SWPPP to the Municipality should be made before or at the same time the NOI is submitted to the EPA and ADEC and shall be accompanied by any Municipality-required fee. Copies of the SWPPP shall be submitted to the Municipality at the following address Municipality of Anchorage Office of Planning Development and Public Works 4700 South Elmore Rd. PO Box 196650 Anchorage, AK 99519-6650 Small and Large Construction Activities 39 General Permit (3) Submittals to ADEC shall include a copy of the SWPPP and a copy of the NOI for review and shall be accompanied by the state-required plan review fee (see 18 AAC 72.995). iv. Within the urbanized area boundary of the Fairbanks North Star Borough check with the Borough for the latest requirements. Fairbanks North Star Borough Department of Public Works PO Box 71267 Fairbanks, AK 99707 v. Within the urbanized area boundary of the City of Fairbanks (1) Operators of privately-funded construction projects disturbing one or more acres of land shall submit a copy of the SWPPP to the City of Fairbanks. (2) Submittal of the SWPPP to the City of Fairbanks should be made before or at the same time the NOI is submitted to the EPA and ADEC and shall be accompanied by any City-required fee. Copies of the SWPPP shall be submitted to the City of Fairbanks at the following address City of Fairbanks Engineering Division 800 Cushman St Fairbanks, AK 99701 (3) Operators of publicly-funded projects disturbing one or more acres of land shall submit a copy of the SWPPP and a copy of the NOI to ADEC for review, and shall be accompanied by the state-required plan review fee (see 18 AAC 72.995). vi. Within the urbanized area boundary of the City of North Pole (1) Operators of privately-funded construction projects disturbing one or more acres of land shall submit a copy of the SWPPP to the City of North Pole. (2) Submittal of the SWPPP to the City of North Pole should be made before or at the same time the NOI is submitted to the EPA and ADEC and shall be accompanied by any City-required fee. Copies of the SWPPP shall be submitted to the City of North Pole at the following address City of North Pole Department of Public Works 125 Snowman Lane North Pole, AK 99705 (3) Operators of publicly-funded projects disturbing one or more acres of land shall submit a copy of the SWPPP and a copy of the NOI to ADEC for review, and shall be accompanied by the state-required plan review fee (see 18 AAC 72.995). vii. For hardrock mines that are designed to process 500 or more tons per day and intend to file a Notice of Intent to begin construction under this permit Small and Large Construction Activities 40 General Permit (1) The operator shall submit their SWPPP to ADEC for review at least 90 days before the start of construction, (2) Representatives of the operator and the prime site construction contractor shall meet with ADEC representatives in a preconstruction conference at least 20 days before the start of construction to discuss the details of the SWPPP and stormwater management during construction, (3) The operator shall submit to ADEC addendums to the SWPPP that address any planned physical alterations, additions to the permitted facility, or unanticipated conditions that arise during planned construction that could significantly change the nature, or increase the quantity, of pollutants discharged from the facility, and (4) The operator shall have at least one person on-site during construction who is qualified and trained in the principles and practices of erosion and sediment control and has the authority to direct the maintenance of storm water best management practices. b. For Post-Construction (Permanent) Storm Water Control Measures (Section 3.1.E [Post-Construction Stormwater Management] of the CGP) i. Operators of construction projects who construct, alter, install, modify, or operate any part of a storm water treatment system and are located outside the Municipality of Anchorage, shall submit a copy of the engineering plans to ADEC for review at the address given above (see 18 AAC 72.600). ii. Operators of construction projects who construct, alter, install, modify, or operate any part of a storm water treatment system and are located inside the Municipality of Anchorage, shall submit a copy of the engineering plans to the respective government agency based on project type, as indicated in the table in a.iii.(1) above, for review at the addresses given in a.i. or a.iii.(2) above. 2. IDR100000: The State of Idaho, except Indian country a. 303(d)-listed Water Bodies with Approved TMDLs. Discharges of storm water will be consistent with load allocations established by the applicable TMDL. b. 303(d)-listed Water Bodies without Approved TMDLs (High Priority) If a TMDL has not been established for a high priority 303(d)-listed water body, then discharges of storm water may not cause an increase in the total load of listed pollutant(s) in the receiving water body. c. 303(d)-listed Water Bodies without Approved TMDLs (Medium or Low Priority) If a TMDL has not been established for a medium or low priority 303(d)-listed water body, then best management practices shall be employed as necessary to prohibit further impairment of the designated or existing beneficial uses in the receiving water body. d. Best Management Practices (BMPs) BMPs must be designed, implemented, and maintained by the permittee to fully protect and maintain the beneficial uses of the receiving water body. The permittee should select appropriate BMPs that are either authorized by the Small and Large Construction Activities 41 General Permit appropriate designated agency as defined in Idaho Water Quality Standards (IDAPA 58.01.02), recommended in IDEQ’s Catalog of Stormwater BMPs for Idaho Cities and Counties, or recommended by other local government entities or guidance documents. e. Equivalent Analysis Waiver - Use of the “Equivalent Analysis Waiver” in Appendix D of the permit is not authorized. f. Operators may contact the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality regional office nearest the construction activity for more information about impaired waterways: Boise Regional Office: 1445 N. Orchard Boise ID 83706-2239 Tel: (208)373-0550 Fax: (208)373-0287 Grangeville Satellite Office: 300 W. Main Grangeville ID 83530 Tel: (208)983-0808 Fax: (208)983-2873 Pocatello Regional Office: 444 Hospital Way #300 Pocatello ID 83201 Tel: (208)236-6160 Fax: (208)236-6168 McCall Satellite Office: 502 N. 3rd Street #9A P.O. Box 4654 McCall, ID 83638 Tel: (208)634-4900 Fax: (208)634-9405 Idaho Falls Regional Office: 900 N. Skyline, Suite B Idaho Falls, ID 83402 Tel: (208)528-2650 Fax: (208)528-2695 Twin Falls Regional Office: 1363 Fillmore Twin Falls, ID 83301 Tel: (208)736-2190 Fax: (208)736-2194 Small and Large Construction Activities 42 General Permit Coeur d’Alene Regional Office: 2110 Ironwood Parkway Coeur d'Alene ID 83814 Tel: (208)769-1422 Fax: (208)769-1404 Lewiston Regional Office: 1118 "F" Street Lewiston, ID 83501 Tel: (208)799-4370 Toll Free: 1-877-541-3304 Fax: (208)799-3451 3. ORR10000I: Indian country within the State of Oregon, except Fort McDermitt Reservation lands (see Region 9): a. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. The following conditions apply only for projects within the exterior boundaries of the Umatilla Indian Reservation: i. The operator shall be responsible for achieving compliance with the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation’s (CTUIR) Water Quality Standards. ii. The operator must submit all Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans required under this general permit to the CTUIR Water Resources Program for review and determination that the SWPPP is sufficient to meet Tribal Water Quality Standards prior to the beginning of any discharge activities taking place. iii. The operator must submit a copy of the Notice of Intent (NOI) to be covered by this general permit to the CTUIR Water Resources Program at the address below, at the same time it is submitted to EPA. iv. The operator shall be responsible for reporting an exceedance of Tribal Water Quality Standards to the CTUIR Water Resources Program at the same time it is reported to EPA. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Water Resources Program P.O. Box 638 Pendleton, OR 97801 (541) 966-2420 v. At least 45 days prior to beginning any discharge activities, the operator must submit a copy of the Notice of Intent to be covered under this general permit and an assessment of whether the undertaking has the potential to affect historic properties to CTUIR Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO) at the address below. If the project has potential to affect historic properties, the operator must define the area of potential effect (APE). The operator must provide the THPO at least 30 days to comment on the APE as defined. Small and Large Construction Activities 43 General Permit vi. If the project is an undertaking, the operator must conduct a cultural resource investigation. All fieldwork must be conducted by qualified personnel (as outlined by the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines found at http://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/ arch_stnds_0.htm). All fieldwork must be documented using Oregon Reporting Standards (as outlined at http://egov.oregon.gov/OPRD/HCD/ARCH/arch_pubsandlinks.shtml). The resulting report must be submitted to the THPO for concurrence before any ground disturbing work can occur. The operator must provide the THPO at least 30 days to review and respond to all reports. The operator must obtain THPO concurrence in writing. If historic properties are present, this written concurrence will outline measures to be taken to prevent or mitigate effects to historic properties. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Cultural Resources Protection Program Tribal Historic Preservation Office P.O. Box 638 Pendleton, OR 97801 (541) 966-2340 b. Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs. The following conditions apply only for projects on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation: i. All activities covered by this NPDES general permit occurring within a designated riparian buffer zone as established in Ordinance 74 (Integrated Resource Management Plan or IRMP) must be reviewed, approved and permitted through the Tribe’s Hydraulic Permit Application process, including payment of any applicable fees. ii. All activities covered by this NPDES general permit must follow all applicable land management and resource conservation requirements specified in the IRMP. iii. Operators of activities covered by this NPDES general permit must submit a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan to the Tribe’s Water Control Board at the following address for approval at least 30 days prior to beginning construction activity: Chair, Warm Springs Water Control Board P.O. Box C Warm Springs, Oregon 97761 4. WAR10000F: Federal Facilities in the State of Washington, except those located on Indian Country a. Discharges shall not cause or contribute to a violation of surface water quality standards (Chapter 173-201A WAC), ground water quality standards (Chapter 173-200 WAC), sediment management standards (Chapter 173-204 WAC), and human health-based criteria in the National Toxics Rule (40 CFR Part 131.36). Discharges that are not in compliance with these standards are not authorized. Small and Large Construction Activities 44 General Permit b. Prior to the discharge of stormwater and non-stormwater to waters of the state, the Permittee shall apply all known, available, and reasonable methods of prevention, control, and treatment (AKART). This includes the preparation and implementation of an adequate Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), with all appropriate best management practices (BMPs) installed and maintained in accordance with the SWPPP and the terms and conditions of this permit. c. Sampling & Numeric Effluent Limitations – For Sites Discharging to Certain Waterbodies on the 303(d) List or with an Applicable TMDL i. Permittees that discharge to water bodies listed as impaired by the State of Washington under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act for turbidity, fine sediment, high pH or phosphorus, shall conduct water quality sampling according to the requirements of this section. (1) The operator must retain all monitoring results required by this section as part of the SWPPP. All data and related monitoring records must be provided to EPA or the Washington Department of Ecology upon request. (2) The operator must notify EPA when the discharge turbidity or discharge pH exceeds the water quality standards as defined in Parts 10.F.4.d.ii and e.ii below, in accordance with the reporting requirements of Part G.12.F of this permit. All reports must be submitted to EPA at the following address: U.S EPA Region 10 NPDES Compliance Unit - Attn: Federal Facilities Compliance Officer 1200 6th Avenue, Suite 900 OCE-133 Seattle, WA 98101 (206) 553-1846 ii. All references and requirements associated with Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act mean the most current listing by Ecology of impaired waters that exists on November 16, 2005, or the date when the operator’s complete NOI is received by EPA, whichever is later. Parameter identified Parameter/Units Analytical Sampling Water Quality in 303(d) listing Method Frequency Standard Turbidity Turbidity/NTU SM2130 or Weekly, if If background is 50 Fine Sediment EPA180.1 discharging NTU or less: 5 NTU Phosphorus over background; or If background is more than 50 NTU: 10% over background High pH pH/Standard pH meter Weekly, if In the range of Units discharging 6.5 – 8.5 d. Discharges to waterbodies on the 303(d) list for turbidity, fine sediment, or phosphorus i. Permittees which discharge to waterbodies on the 303(d) list for turbidity, fine sediment, or phosphorus shall conduct turbidity sampling at the Small and Large Construction Activities 45 General Permit following locations to evaluate compliance with the water quality standard for turbidity: (1) Background turbidity shall be measured in the 303(d) listed receiving water immediately upstream (upgradient) or outside the area of influence of the discharge; and (2) Discharge turbidity shall be measured at the point of discharge into the 303(d) listed receiving waterbody, inside the area of influence of the discharge; or Alternatively, discharge turbidity may be measured at the point where the discharge leaves the construction site, rather than in the receiving waterbody. ii. Based on sampling, if the discharge turbidity ever exceeds the water quality standard for turbidity (more than 5 NTU over background turbidity when the background turbidity is 50 NTU or less, or more than a 10% increase in turbidity when the background turbidity is more than 50 NTU), all future discharges shall comply with a numeric effluent limit which is equal to the water quality standard for turbidity. If a future discharge exceeds the water quality standard for turbidity, the permittee shall: (1) Review the SWPPP for compliance with the permit and make appropriate revisions within 7 days of the discharge that exceeded the standard; (2) Fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment BMPs as soon as possible, but no later than 10 days of the discharge that exceeded the standard; (3) Document BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book; (4) Continue to sample daily until discharge turbidity meets the water quality standard for turbidity. e. Discharges to waterbodies on the 303(d) list for High pH i. Permittees which discharge to waterbodies on the 303(d) list for high pH shall conduct sampling at one of the following locations to evaluate compliance with the water quality standard for pH (in the range of 6.5 – 8.5): (1) pH shall be measured at the point of discharge into the 303(d) listed waterbody, inside the area of influence of the discharge; or (2) Alternatively, pH may be measured at the point where the discharge leaves the construction site, rather than in the receiving water. ii. Based on the sampling set forth above, if the pH ever exceeds the water quality standard for pH (in the range of 6.5 – 8.5), all future discharges shall comply with a numeric effluent limit which is equal to the water quality standard for pH. If a future discharge exceeds the water quality standard for pH, the permittee shall: (1) Review the SWPPP for compliance with the permit and make appropriate revisions within 7 days of the discharge; Small and Large Construction Activities 46 General Permit (2) Fully implement and maintain appropriate source control and/or treatment BMPs as soon as possible, but no later than 10 days of the discharge that exceeded the standards; (3) Document BMP implementation and maintenance in the site log book; (4) Continue to sample daily until discharge meets the water quality standard for pH (in the range of 6.5 – 8.5). f. Sampling & Limitations – For Sites Discharging to TMDLs i. Discharges to waterbodies subject to an applicable Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for turbidity, fine sediment, high pH, or phosphorus, shall be consistent with the assumptions and requirements of the TMDL. (1) Where an applicable TMDL sets specific waste load allocations or requirements for discharges covered by this permit, discharges shall be consistent with any specific waste load allocations or requirements established by the applicable TMDL. a. Discharges shall be sampled weekly, or as otherwise specified by the TMDL, to evaluate compliance with the specific waste load allocations or requirements. b. Analytical methods used to meet the monitoring requirements shall conform to the latest revision of the Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants contained in 40 CFR Part 136. (2) Where an applicable TMDL has established a general waste load allocation for construction stormwater discharges, but no specific requirements have been identified, compliance with this permit will be assumed to be consistent with the approved TMDL. (3) Where an applicable TMDL has not specified a waste load allocation for construction stormwater discharges, but has not excluded these discharges, compliance with this permit will be assumed to be consistent with the approved TMDL. (4) Where an applicable TMDL specifically precludes or prohibits discharges from construction activity, the operator is not eligible for coverage under this permit. ii. Applicable TMDL means a TMDL for turbidity, fine sediment, high pH, or phosphorus, which has been completed and approved by EPA prior to November 16, 2005, or prior to the date the operator’s complete NOI is received by EPA, whichever is later. Information on impaired waterways is available from the Department of Ecology website at: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/construction/impaired.html or by phone: 360-407-6460. 5. WAR10000I: Indian country within the State of Washington a. Kalispel Tribe. The following conditions apply only for projects on the Kalispel Reservation: Small and Large Construction Activities 47 General Permit i. The permittee shall be responsible for achieving compliance with the Kalispel Tribe’s Water Quality Standards. ii. The permittee shall submit a copy of the Notice of Intent (NOI) to be covered by the general permit to the Kalispel Tribe Natural Resources Department at the same time as it submitted to the U.S. EPA iii. The permittee shall submit all Storm Water Prevention Plans (SWPP) to the Kalispel Tribe Natural Resources Department thirty (30) days prior to beginning any discharge activities for review. iv. Prior to any land disturbing activities on the Kalispel Indian Reservation and its dependent communities, the permittee shall obtain a cultural resource clearance letter from the Kalispel Natural Resource Department. v. All tribal correspondence pertaining to the general permit for discharges of construction stormwater shall be sent to: Kalispel Tribe Natural Resources Department PO Box 39 Usk, WA 99180 b. Lummi Nation The following conditions apply only for projects on the Lummi Reservation: i. Pursuant to Lummi Code of Laws (LCL) 17.05.020(a), the operator must obtain a land use permit from the Lummi Planning Department as provided in Title 15 of the Lummi Code of Laws and regulations adopted thereunder. ii. Pursuant to LCL 17.05.020(a), each operator shall develop and submit a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan to the Lummi Water Resources Division for review and approval by the Water Resources Manager prior to beginning any discharge activities. iii. Pursuant to LCL Title 17, each operator shall be responsible for achieving compliance with the Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters of the Lummi Indian Reservation (Lummi Administrative Regulations [LAR] 17 LAR 07.010 through 17 LAR 07.210). iv. Each operator shall submit a copy of the Notice of Intent to the Lummi Water Resources Division at the same time it is submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). v. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans and Notices of Intent shall be submitted to: Lummi Natural Resources Department ATTN: Water Resources Manager 2616 Kwina Road Bellingham, WA 98226 vi. Refer to the Lummi Nation website at http://www.lummi-nsn.gov to review a copy of Title 17 of the Lummi Code of Laws and the references upon which the conditions identified above are based. c. Makah Tribe The following conditions apply only for projects on the Makah Reservation: i. The operator shall be responsible for achieving compliance with the Makah Tribe's Water Quality Standards. ii. The operator shall submit a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan to the Small and Large Construction Activities 48 General Permit Makah Tribe Water Quality Program and Makah Fisheries Habitat Division for review and approval at least thirty (30) days prior to beginning any discharge activities. iii. The operator shall submit a copy of the Notice of Intent to the Makah Tribe Water Quality Program and Makah Fisheries Habitat Division at the same time it is submitted to EPA. iv. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans and Notices of Intent shall be submitted to: Makah Fisheries Water Quality and Habitat Division PO Box 115 Neah Bay, WA 98357 d. Puyallup Tribe of Indians. The following conditions apply only to stormwater discharges from large and small construction activities that result in a total land disturbance of equal to or greater than one acre, where those discharges enter surface waters of the Puyallup Tribe: i. Each permittee shall be responsible for achieving compliance with the Puyallup Tribe’s Water Quality Standards, including antidegradation provisions. The Puyallup Natural Resources Department will conduct an antidegradation review for permitted activities that have the potential to affect water quality. The antidegradation review will be consistent with the Tribe’s Antidegradation Implementation Procedures. ii. The permittee shall be responsible for meeting any additional permit requirements imposed by EPA necessary to comply with the Puyallup Tribe’s antidegradation policies if the discharge point is located within 1 linear mile upstream of waters designated by the Tribe. iii. Each permittee shall submit a copy of the Notice of Intent (NOI) to be covered by the general permit to the Puyallup Tribal Natural Resources Department at the address listed below at the same time it is submitted to EPA. Puyallup Tribe of Indians 3009 E. Portland Avenue Tacoma, WA 98404 ATTN: Natural Resources Department iv. All supporting documentation and certifications in the NOI related to coverage under the general permit for Endangered Species Act purposes shall be submitted to the Puyallup Tribal Natural Resources Department for review. v. If EPA requires coverage under an individual or alternative permit, the permittee shall submit a copy of the permit to the Puyallup Tribal Natural Resources Department at the address listed above. vi. The permittee shall submit all stormwater pollution prevention plans to the Puyallup Tribal Natural Resources Department for review and approval prior to beginning any activities resulting in a discharge to tribal waters. Small and Large Construction Activities 49 General Permit Appendix A - Definitions and Acronyms Definitions “Arid Areas” means areas with an average annual rainfall of 0 to 10 inches. “Best Management Practices” (BMPs) means schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and other management practices to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States. BMPs also include treatment requirements, operating procedures, and practice to control plant site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or waste disposal, or drainage from raw material storage. “Commencement of Construction Activities” means the initial disturbance of soils associated with clearing, grading, or excavating activities or other construction-related activities (e.g., stockpiling of fill material). “Control Measure” as used in this permit, refers to any BMP or other method used to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States. “CWA” means the Clean Water Act or the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C. section 1251 et seq. “Discharge” when used without qualification means the “discharge of a pollutant.” “Discharge of Stormwater Associated with Construction Activity” as used in this permit, refers to a discharge of pollutants in stormwater from areas where soil disturbing activities (e.g., clearing, grading, or excavation), construction materials or equipment storage or maintenance (e.g., fill piles, borrow area, concrete truck chute washdown, fueling), or other industrial stormwater directly related to the construction process (e.g., concrete or asphalt batch plants) are located. “Eligible” means qualified for authorization to discharge stormwater under this general permit. “Facility” or “Activity” means any “point source” or any other facility or activity (including land or appurtenances thereto) that is subject to regulation under the NPDES program. “Federal Facility” means any buildings, installations, structures, land, public works, equipment, aircraft, vessels, and other vehicles and property, owned by, or constructed or manufactured for the purpose of leasing to, the Federal government. “Final Stabilization” means that: 1. All soil disturbing activities at the site have been completed and either of the two following criteria are met: a. a uniform (e.g,, evenly distributed, without large bare areas) perennial vegetative cover with a density of 70 percent of the native background Small and Large Construction Activities A-1 General Permit 2. 3. 4. 5. vegetative cover for the area has been established on all unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures, or b. equivalent permanent stabilization measures (such as the use of riprap, gabions, or geotextiles) have been employed. When background native vegetation will cover less than 100 percent of the ground (e.g., arid areas, beaches), the 70 percent coverage criteria is adjusted as follows: if the native vegetation covers 50 percent of the ground, 70 percent of 50 percent (0.70 X 0.50 = 0.35) would require 35 percent total cover for final stabilization. On a beach with no natural vegetation, no stabilization is required. In arid and semi-arid areas only, all soil disturbing activities at the site have been completed and both of the following criteria have been met: a. Temporary erosion control measures (e.g., degradable rolled erosion control product) are selected, designed, and installed along with an appropriate seed base to provide erosion control for at least three years without active maintenance by you, b. The temporary erosion control measures are selected, designed, and installed to achieve 70 percent vegetative coverage within three years. For individual lots in residential construction, final stabilization means that either: a. The homebuilder has completed final stabilization as specified above, or b. The homebuilder has established temporary stabilization including perimeter controls for an individual lot prior to occupation of the home by the homeowner and informing the homeowner of the need for, and benefits of, final stabilization. For construction projects on land used for agricultural purposes (e.g., pipelines across crop or range land, staging areas for highway construction, etc.), final stabilization may be accomplished by returning the disturbed land to its preconstruction agricultural use. Areas disturbed that were not previously used for agricultural activities, such as buffer strips immediately adjacent to ‘‘water of the United States,’’ and areas which are not being returned to their preconstruction agricultural use must meet the final stabilization criteria (1) or (2) or (3) above. “Indian country” is defined at 40 CFR §122.2 to mean: 1. All land within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the United States Government, notwithstanding the issuance of any patent, and, including rights-of-way running through the reservation; 2. All dependent Indian communities with the borders of the United States whether within the originally or subsequently acquired territory thereof, and whether within or without the limits of a state; and 3. All Indian allotments, the Indian titles to which have not been extinguished, including rights-of-ways running through the same. “Large Construction Activity” is defined at 40 CFR §122.26(b)(14)(x) and incorporated here by reference. A large construction activity includes clearing, grading, and excavating resulting in a land disturbance that will disturb equal to or greater than five acres of land or will disturb less than five acres of total land area but is part of a larger common plan of development or sale that will ultimately disturb equal to or greater than five acres. Large Small and Large Construction Activities A-2 General Permit construction activity does not include routine maintenance that is performed to maintain the original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of the site. “Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System” or “MS4" is defined at 40 CFR §122.26(b)(8) to mean a conveyance or system of conveyances (including roads with drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, manmade channels, or storm drains): 1. Owned and operated by a state, city, town, borough, county, parish, district, association, or other public body (created by or pursuant to State law) having jurisdiction over disposal of sewage, industrial wastes, stormwater, or other wastes, including special districts under State law such as a sewer district, flood control district or drainage district, or similar entity, or an Indian tribe or an authorized Indian tribal organization, or a designated and approved management agency under section 208 of the CWA that discharges to waters of the United States; 2. Designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater; 3. Which is not a combined sewer; and 4. Which is not part of a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) as defined at 40 CFR §122.2. “New Project” means the “commencement of construction activities” occurs after the effective date of this permit. “Ongoing Project” means the “commencement of construction activities” occurs before the effective date of this permit. “Operator” for the purpose of this permit and in the context of stormwater associated with construction activity, means any party associated with a construction project that meets either of the following two criteria: 1. The party has operational control over construction plans and specifications, including the ability to make modifications to those plans and specifications; or 2. The party has day-to-day operational control of those activities at a project which are necessary to ensure compliance with a SWPPP for the site or other permit conditions (e.g., they are authorized to direct workers at a site to carry out activities required by the SWPPP or comply with other permit conditions). This definition is provided to inform permittees of EPA’s interpretation of how the regulatory definitions of “owner or operator” and “facility or activity” are applied to discharges of stormwater associated with construction activity. “Owner or operator” means the owner or operator of any ‘‘facility or activity’’ subject to regulation under the NPDES program. “Permitting Authority” means the United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, a Regional Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or an authorized representative. Small and Large Construction Activities A-3 General Permit “Point Source” means any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock concentrated animal feeding operation, landfill leachate collection system, vessel or other floating craft from which pollutants are or may be discharged. This term does not include return flows from irrigated agriculture or agricultural stormwater runoff. “Pollutant” is defined at 40 CFR §122.2. A partial listing from this definition includes: dredged spoil, solid waste, sewage, garbage, sewage sludge, chemical wastes, biological materials, heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt, and industrial or municipal waste. “Project Area” means: − The areas on the construction site where stormwater discharges originate and flow toward the point of discharge into the receiving waters (including areas where excavation, site development, or other ground disturbance activities occur) and the immediate vicinity. (Example: 1. Where bald eagles nest in a tree that is on or bordering a construction site and could be disturbed by the construction activity or where grading causes stormwater to flow into a small wetland or other habitat that is on the site that contains listed species.) − The areas where stormwater discharges flow from the construction site to the point of discharge into receiving waters. (Example: Where stormwater flows into a ditch, swale, or gully that leads to receiving waters and where listed species (such as amphibians) are found in the ditch, swale, or gully.) − The areas where stormwater from construction activities discharge into receiving waters and the areas in the immediate vicinity of the point of discharge. (Example: Where stormwater from construction activities discharges into a stream segment that is known to harbor listed aquatic species.) − The areas where stormwater BMPs will be constructed and operated, including any areas where stormwater flows to and from BMPs. (Example: Where a stormwater retention pond would be built.) − The areas upstream and /or downstream from construction activities discharges into a stream segment that may be affected by the said discharges. (Example: Where sediment discharged to a receiving stream settles downstream and impacts a breeding area of a listed aquatic species.) “Receiving water” means the “Water of the United States” as defined in 40 CFR §122.2 into which the regulated stormwater discharges. “Runoff coefficient” means the fraction of total rainfall that will appear at the conveyance as runoff. “Semi-Arid Areas” means areas with an average annual rainfall of 10 to 20 inches. “Site” means the land or water area where any “facility or activity” is physically located or conducted, including adjacent land used in connection with the facility or activity. Small and Large Construction Activities A-4 General Permit “Small Construction Activity” is defined at 40 CFR §122.26(b)(15) and incorporated here by reference. A small construction activity includes clearing, grading, and excavating resulting in a land disturbance that will disturb equal to or greater than one (1) acre and less than five (5) acres of land or will disturb less than one (1) acre of total land area but is part of a larger common plan of development or sale that will ultimately disturb equal to or greater than one (1) acre and less than five (5) acres. Small construction activity does not include routine maintenance that is performed to maintain the original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of the site. “Stormwater” means stormwater runoff, snow melt runoff, and surface runoff and drainage. “Stormwater Discharge-Related Activities” as used in this permit, include: activities that cause, contribute to, or result in stormwater point source pollutant discharges, including but not limited to: excavation, site development, grading and other surface disturbance activities; and measures to control stormwater including the siting, construction and operation of BMPs to control, reduce or prevent stormwater pollution. “Total Maximum Daily Load” or “TMDL” means the sum of the individual wasteload allocations (WLAs) for point sources and load allocations (LAs) for nonpoint sources and natural background. If a receiving water has only one point source discharger, the TMDL is the sum of that point source WLA plus the LAs for any nonpoint sources of pollution and natural background sources, tributaries, or adjacent segments. TMDLs can be expressed in terms of either mass per time, toxicity, or other appropriate measure. “Waters of the United States” is as defined at 40 CFR §122.2. “Wetland” means those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. ACRONYMS BMP - Best Management Practices CGP - Construction General Permit CFR - Code of Federal Regulations CWA - Clean Water Act EPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency ESA - Endangered Species Act FWS - United States Fish and Wildlife Service MS4 - Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System MSGP - Multi-Sector General Permit NHPA - National Historic Preservation Act NMFS - United States National Marine Fisheries Service NOI - Notice of Intent Small and Large Construction Activities A-5 General Permit NOT - Notice of Termination NPDES - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System POTW - Publicly Owned Treatment Works SHPO - State Historic Preservation Officer SWPPP - Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan THPO - Tribal Historic Preservation Officer TMDL - Total Maximum Daily Load WQS - Water Quality Standard Small and Large Construction Activities A-6 General Permit Appendix B - Permit Areas Eligible for Coverage Permit coverage for stormwater discharges from construction activity occurring within the following areas is provided by legally separate and distinctly numbered permits: 1. EPA Region 1: CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT US EPA, Region 01 Office of Ecosystem Protection NPDES Stormwater Program 1 Congress St, Suite 1100 (CMU) Boston, MA 02114-2023 The States of Connecticut, Maine, Rhode Island, and Vermont are the NPDES Permitting Authority for the majority of discharges within their respective states. Permit No. MAR100000 MAR10000I CTR10000I NHR100000 RIR10000I VTR10000F Areas of Coverage/Where EPA is Permitting Authority Commonwealth of Massachusetts (except Indian country) Indian country within the State of Massachusetts Indian country within the State of Connecticut State of New Hampshire Indian country within the State of Rhode Island Federal Facilities in the State of Vermont 2. EPA Region 2: NJ, NY, PR, VI For NJ, NY, and VI: US EPA, Region 02 NPDES Stormwater Program 290 Broadway, 24th Floor New York, NY 10007-1866 For PR: US EPA, Region 02 Caribbean Environmental Protection Division NPDES Stormwater Program 1492 Ponce de Leon Ave Central Europa Building, Suite 417 San Juan, PR 00907-4127 The State of New York is the NPDES Permitting Authority for the majority of discharges within its state. The State of New Jersey and the Virgin Islands are the NPDES Permitting Authority for all discharges within their respective states. Small and Large Construction Activities B-1 General Permit Permit No. NYR10000I PRR100000 Areas of Coverage/Where EPA is Permitting Authority Indian country within the State of New York The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 3. EPA Region 3: DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV US EPA, Region 03 NPDES Stormwater Program 1650 Arch St Philadelphia, PA 19103 The State of Delaware is the NPDES Permitting Authority for the majority of discharges within its state. Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia are the NPDES Permitting Authority for all discharges within their respective states. Permit No. DCR100000 DER10000F Areas of Coverage/Where EPA is Permitting Authority The District of Columbia Federal Facilities in the State of Delaware 4. EPA Region 4: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN US EPA, Region 04 Water Management Division NPDES Stormwater Program 61 Forsyth St SW Atlanta, GA 30303-3104 Coverage Not Available. Construction activities in Region 4 must obtain permit coverage under an alternative permit. 5. EPA Region 5: IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI US EPA, Region 05 NPDES & Technical Support NPDES Stormwater Program 77 W Jackson Blvd (WN-16J) Chicago, IL 60604-3507 The States of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin are the NPDES Permitting Authority for the majority of discharges within their respective states. The States of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio are the NPDES Permitting Authorities for all discharges within their respective states. Small and Large Construction Activities B-2 General Permit Permit No. MIR10000I MNR10000I WIR10000I Areas of coverage/where EPA is Permitting Authority Indian country within the State of Michigan Indian country within the State of Minnesota, except the Grand Portage Band of Chippewa Indian country within the State of Wisconsin, except the Sokaogon Chippewa (Mole Lake) Community. 6. EPA Region 6: AR, LA, OK, TX, NM (except see Region 9 for Navajo lands, and see Region 8 for Ute Mountain Reservation lands) US EPA, Region 06 NPDES Stormwater Program 1445 Ross Ave, Suite 1200 Dallas, TX 75202-2733 The States of Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas are the NPDES Permitting Authority for the majority of discharges within their respective state. The State of Arkansas is the NPDES Permitting Authority for all discharges within its respective state. Permit No. LAR10000I NMR100000 NMR10000I OKR10000I OKR10000F TXR10000F TXR10000I Areas of coverage/where EPA is Permitting Authority Indian country within the State of Louisiana The State of New Mexico, except Indian country Indian country within the State of New Mexico, except Navajo Reservation Lands that are covered under Arizona permit AZR10000I and Ute Mountain Reservation Lands that are covered under Colorado permit COR10000I. Indian country within the State of Oklahoma Discharges in the State of Oklahoma that are not under the authority of the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, including activities associated with oil and gas exploration, drilling, operations, and pipelines (includes SIC Groups 13 and 46, and SIC codes 492 and 5171), and point source discharges associated with agricultural production, services, and silviculture (includes SIC Groups 01, 02, 07, 08, 09). Discharges in the State of Texas that are not under the authority of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (formerly TNRCC), including activities associated with the exploration, development, or production of oil or gas or geothermal resources, including transportation of crude oil or natural gas by pipeline. Indian country within the State of Texas. Small and Large Construction Activities B-3 General Permit 7. EPA Region 7: IA, KS, MO, NE (except see Region 8 for Pine Ridge Reservation Lands) US EPA, Region 07 NPDES Stormwater Program 901 N 5th St Kansas City, KS 66101 The States of Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska are the NPDES Permitting Authority for the majority of discharges within their respective states. The State of Missouri is the NPDES Permitting Authority for all discharges within its state. Permit No. IAR10000I KSR10000I NER10000I Areas of coverage/where EPA is Permitting Authority Indian country within the State of Iowa Indian country within the State of Kansas Indian country within the State of Nebraska, except Pine Ridge Reservation lands (see Region 8) 8. EPA Region 8: CO, MT, ND, SD, WY, UT (except see Region 9 for Goshute Reservation and Navajo Reservation Lands), the Ute Mountain Reservation in NM, and the Pine Ridge Reservation in NE. US EPA, Region 08 NPDES Stormwater Program 999 18th St, Suite 300 (EPR-EP) Denver, CO 80202-2466 The States of Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming are the NPDES Permitting Authority for the majority of discharges within their respective states. Permit No. COR10000F COR10000I MTR10000I NDR10000I SDR10000I Areas of coverage/where EPA is Permitting Authority Federal Facilities in the State of Colorado, except those located on Indian country Indian country within the State of Colorado, as well as the portion of the Ute Mountain Reservation located in New Mexico Indian country within the State of Montana Indian country within the State of North Dakota, as well as that portion of the Standing Rock Reservation located in South Dakota (except for the portion of the lands within the former boundaries of the Lake Traverse Reservation which is covered under South Dakota permit SDR10000I listed below) Indian country within the State of South Dakota, as well as the portion of the Pine Ridge Reservation located in Nebraska and the portion of the lands within the former boundaries of the Lake Small and Large Construction Activities B-4 General Permit UTR10000I WYR10000I Traverse Reservation located in North Dakota (except for the Standing Rock Reservation which is covered under North Dakota permit NDR10000I listed above) Indian country within the State of Utah, except Goshute and Navajo Reservation lands (see Region 9) Indian country within the State of Wyoming 9. EPA Region 9: CA, HI, NV, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Goshute Reservation in UT and NV, the Navajo Reservation in UT, NM, and AZ, the Duck Valley Reservation in ID, and the Fort McDermitt Reservation in OR. US EPA, Region 09 NPDES Stormwater Program 75 Hawthorne St San Francisco, CA 94105-3901 The States of Arizona, California and Nevada are the NPDES Permitting Authority for the majority of discharges within their respective states. The State of Hawaii is the NPDES Permitting Authority for all discharges within its state. Permit No. ASR100000 AZR10000I CAR10000I GUR100000 JAR100000 MWR100000 MPR100000 NVR10000I Areas of coverage/where EPA is Permitting Authority The Island of American Samoa Indian country within the State of Arizona, as well as Navajo Reservation lands in New Mexico and Utah Indian country within the State of California The Island of Guam Johnston Atoll Midway Island and Wake Island Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Indian country within the State of Nevada, as well as the Duck Valley Reservation in Idaho, the Fort McDermitt Reservation in Oregon and the Goshute Reservation in Utah 10. EPA Region 10: AK, WA, ID (except see Region 9 for Duck Valley Reservation Lands), and OR (except see Region 9 for Fort McDermitt Reservation). US EPA, Region 10 NPDES Stormwater Program 1200 6th Ave (OW-130) Seattle, WA 98101-1128 Phone: (206) 553-6650 The States of Oregon and Washington are the NPDES Permitting Authority for the majority of discharges within their respective states. Small and Large Construction Activities B-5 General Permit Permit No. AKR100000 AKR10000I IDR100000 IDR10000I ORR10000I WAR10000F WAR10000I Areas of coverage/where EPA is Permitting Authority The State of Alaska, except Indian country Indian country within the state of Alaska The State of Idaho, except Indian country Indian country within the State of Idaho, except Duck Valley Reservation lands (see Region 9) Indian country within the State of Oregon, except Fort McDermitt Reservation lands (see Region 9) Federal Facilities in the State of Washington, except those located on Indian country Indian country within the State of Washington Small and Large Construction Activities B-6 General Permit Appendix C - Endangered Species Act Review Procedures You must meet at least one of the six criteria in Part 1.3.C.6 to be eligible for coverage under this permit. You must follow the procedures in this Appendix to assess the potential effects of stormwater discharges and stormwater discharge-related activities on listed species and their critical habitat. When evaluating these potential effects, operators must evaluate the entire project area. For purposes of this Appendix, the term “project area” is inclusive of the term “Action Area.” Action area is defined in 50 CFR §402.02 as all areas to be affected directly or indirectly by the federal action and not merely the immediate area involved in the action. This includes areas beyond the footprint of the construction area that may be affected by stormwater discharges and stormwater discharge related activities. “Project area” is defined in Appendix A. (Operators who are eligible and able to certify eligibility under Criterion B, C, D, or F of Part 1.3.C.6 because of a previously issued ESA section 10 permit, a previously completed ESA section 7 consultation, or because the operator’s activities were already addressed in another operator’s certification of eligibility may proceed directly to Step Four.) Step One: Determine if Listed Threatened or Endangered Species are Present On or Near Your Project Area You must determine, to the best of your knowledge, whether listed species are located on or near your project area. To make this determination, you should: • Determine if listed species are in your county or township. The local offices of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), and State or Tribal Heritage Centers often maintain lists of federally listed endangered or threatened species on their internet sites. Visit http://www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp to find the appropriate site for your state or check with your local office. In most cases, these lists allow you to determine if there are listed species in your county or township. • If there are listed species in your county or township, check to see if critical habitat has been designated and if that area overlaps or is near your project area. • Contact your local FWS, NMFS, or State or Tribal Heritage Center to determine if the listed species could be found on or near your project area and if any critical habitat areas have been designated that overlap or are near your project area. Critical habitat areas maybe designated independently from the listed species for your county, so even if there are no listed species in your county or township, you must still contact one of the agencies mentioned above to determine if there are any critical habitat areas on or near your project area. You can also find critical habitat designations and associated requirements at 50 CFR Parts 17 and 226. http://www.access.gpo.gov. Small and Large Construction Activities C-1 General Permit • • If there are no listed species in your county or township, no critical habitat areas on or near your project area, or if your local FWS, NMFS, or State or Tribal Heritage Center indicates that listed species are not a concern in your part of the county or township, you may check box A on the Notice of Intent Form. If there are listed species and if your local FWS, NMFS, or State or Tribal Heritage Center indicates that these species could exist on or near your project area, you will need to do one or more of the following: • Conduct visual inspections: This method may be particularly suitable for construction sites that are smaller in size or located in non-natural settings such as highly urbanized areas or industrial parks where there is little or no natural habitat, or for construction activities that discharge directly into municipal stormwater collection systems. • Conduct a formal biological survey. In some cases, particularly for larger construction sites with extensive stormwater discharges, biological surveys may be an appropriate way to assess whether species are located on or near the project area and whether there are likely adverse effects to such species. Biological surveys are frequently performed by environmental consulting firms. A biological survey may in some cases be useful in conjunction with Steps Two, Three, or Four of these instructions. • Conduct an environmental assessment under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Such reviews may indicate if listed species are in proximity to the project area. Coverage under the CGP does not trigger such a review because the CGP does not regulate new sources (that is, dischargers subject to New Source Performance Standards under section 306 of the Clean Water Act), and is thus statutorily exempted from NEPA. See CWA section 511(c). However, some construction activities might require review under NEPA for other reasons such as federal funding or other federal involvement in the project. • If listed threatened or endangered species or critical habitat are present in the project area, you must look at impacts to species and/or habitat when following Steps Two through Four. Note that many but not all measures imposed to protect listed species under these steps will also protect critical habitat. Thus, meeting the eligibility requirements of this CGP may require measures to protect critical habitat that are separate from those to protect listed species. Step Two: Determine if the Construction Activity’s Stormwater Discharges or Stormwater Discharge- Related Activities Are Likely to Adversely Affect Listed Threatened or Endangered Species or Designated Critical Habitat To receive CGP coverage, you must assess whether your stormwater discharges or stormwater discharge related activities is likely to adversely affect listed threatened or endangered species or designated critical habitat that are present on or near your project area. Potential adverse effects from stormwater discharges and stormwater discharge-related activities include: Small and Large Construction Activities C-2 General Permit • • • Hydrological. Stormwater discharges may cause siltation, sedimentation or induce other changes in receiving waters such as temperature, salinity or pH. These effects will vary with the amount of stormwater discharged and the volume and condition of the receiving water. Where a stormwater discharge constitutes a minute portion of the total volume of the receiving water, adverse hydrological effects are less likely. Construction activity itself may also alter drainage patterns on a site where construction occurs that can impact listed species or critical habitat. Habitat. Excavation, site development, grading, and other surface disturbance activities from construction activities, including the installation or placement of stormwater BMPs, may adversely affect listed species or their habitat. Stormwater may drain or inundate listed species habitat. Toxicity. In some cases, pollutants in stormwater may have toxic effects on listed species. The scope of effects to consider will vary with each site. If you are having difficulty determining whether your project is likely to adversely affect listed species or critical habitat, or one of the Services has already raised concerns to you, you must contact the appropriate office of the FWS, NMFS or Natural Heritage Center for assistance. If adverse effects are not likely, then you may check box E on the NOI form and apply for coverage under the CGP. If the discharge may adversely effect listed species or critical habitat, you must follow Step Three. Step Three: Determine if Measures Can Be Implemented to Avoid Adverse Effects If you make a preliminary determination that adverse effects are likely to occur, you can still receive coverage under Criterion E of Part 1.3.C.6 of the CGP if appropriate measures are undertaken to avoid or eliminate the likelihood of adverse effects prior to applying for CGP coverage. These measures may involve relatively simple changes to construction activities such as re-routing a stormwater discharge to bypass an area where species are located, relocating BMPs, or by changing the “footprint” of the construction activity. You should contact the FWS and/or NMFS to see what appropriate measures might be suitable to avoid or eliminate the likelihood of adverse impacts to listed species and/or critical habitat. (See 50 CFR §402.13(b)). This can entail the initiation of informal consultation with the FWS and/or NMFS (described in more detail in Step Four). If you adopt measures to avoid or eliminate adverse affects, you must continue to abide by those measures for the duration of the construction project and coverage under the CGP. These measures must be described in the SWPPP and are enforceable CGP conditions and/or conditions for meeting the eligibility criteria in Part 1.3. If appropriate measures to avoid the likelihood of adverse effects are not available, you must follow Step Four. Step Four: Determine if the Eligibility Requirements of Criterion B, C, D, or F of Part 1.3.C.6 Can Be Met Where adverse effects are likely, you must contact the FWS and/or NMFS. You may still be eligible for CGP coverage if any likely adverse effects can be addressed through meeting Criterion B, C, D, or F of Part 1.3.C.6 of the CGP. These criteria are as follows: Small and Large Construction Activities C-3 General Permit 1. An ESA Section 7 Consultation Is Performed for Your Activity (See Criterion B or C of Part 1.3.C.6 of the CGP). Formal or informal ESA section 7 consultation is performed with the FWS and/or NMFS that addresses the effects of your stormwater discharges and stormwater discharge-related activities on federally-listed and threatened species and designated critical habitat. FWS and/or NMFS may request that consultation take place if any actions are identified that may affect listed species or critical habitat. In order to be eligible for coverage under this permit, consultation must result in a “no jeopardy opinion” or a written concurrence by the Service(s) on a finding that your stormwater discharge(s) and stormwater dischargerelated activities are not likely to adversely affect listed species or critical habitat (For more information on consultation, see 50 CFR §402). If you receive a “jeopardy opinion,” you may continue to work with the FWS and/or NMFS and your permitting authority to modify your project so that it will not jeopardize listed species or designated critical habitat. Most consultations are accomplished through informal consultation. By the terms of this CGP, EPA has automatically designated operators as non-federal representatives for the purpose of conducting informal consultations. See Part 1.3.C.6 and 50 CFR §402.08 and §402.13. When conducting informal ESA section 7 consultation as a non-federal representative, you must follow the procedures found in 50 CFR Part 402 of the ESA regulations. You must notify FWS and/or NMFS of your intention and agreement to conduct consultation as a non-federal representative. Consultation may occur in the context of another federal action at the construction site (e.g., where ESA section 7 consultation was performed for issuance of a wetlands dredge and fill permit for the project or where a NEPA review is performed for the project that incorporates a section 7 consultation). Any terms and conditions developed through consultations to protect listed species and critical habitat must be incorporated into the SWPPP. As noted above, operators may, if they wish, initiate consultation with the Services at Step Four. Whether ESA section 7 consultation must be performed with either the FWS, NMFS or both Services depends on the listed species that may be affected by the operator’s activity. In general, NMFS has jurisdiction over marine, estuaries, and anadromous species. Operators should also be aware that while formal section 7 consultation provides protection from incidental takings liability, informal consultation does not. 2. An Incidental Taking Permit Under Section 10 of the ESA is Issued for the Operators Activity (See Criterion D of Part 1.3.C.6 of the CGP). Your construction activities are authorized through the issuance of a permit under section 10 of the ESA and that authorization addresses the effects of your stormwater discharge(s) and stormwater discharge-related activities on federally-listed species and designated critical habitat. You must follow FWS and/or NMFS procedures when applying for an ESA Section 10 permit (see 50 CFR §17.22(b)(1) for FWS and §222.22 Small and Large Construction Activities C-4 General Permit for NMFS). Application instructions for section 10 permits for FWS and NMFS can be obtained by accessing the FWS and NMFS websites (http://www.fws.gov and http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov) or by contacting the appropriate FWS and NMFS regional office. 3. You are Covered Under the Eligibility Certification of Another Operator for the Project Area (See Criterion F of Part 1.3.C.6 of the CGP). Your stormwater discharges and stormwater discharge-related activities were already addressed in another operator’s certification of eligibility under Criteria A through E of Part 1.3.C.6 which also included your project area. For example, a general contractor or developer may have completed and filed an NOI for the entire project area with the necessary Endangered Species Act certifications (criteria A-E), subcontractors may then rely upon that certification and must comply with any conditions resulting from that process. By certifying eligibility under Criterion F of Part 1.3.C.6, you agree to comply with any measures or controls upon which the other operator’s certification under Criterion B, C, or D of Part 1.3.C.6 was based. Certification under Criterion F of Part 1.3.C.6 is discussed in more detail in the Fact Sheet that accompanies this permit. You must comply with any terms and conditions imposed under the eligibility requirements of Criterion A through F to ensure that your stormwater discharges and stormwater discharge-related activities are protective of listed species and/or critical habitat. Such terms and conditions must be incorporated in the project’s SWPPP. If the eligibility requirements of Part 1.3.C.6 cannot be met, then you are not eligible for coverage under the CGP. In these instances, you may consider applying to EPA for an individual permit. Small and Large Construction Activities C-5 General Permit Appendix D - Small Construction Waivers and Instructions These waivers are only available to stormwater discharges associated with small construction activities (i.e., 1-5 acres). As the operator of a small construction activity, you may be able to qualify for a waiver in lieu of needing to obtain coverage under this general permit based on: (A) a low rainfall erosivity factor, (B) a TMDL analysis, or (C) an equivalent analysis that determines allocations for small construction sites are not needed. Each operator, otherwise needing permit coverage, must notify EPA of its intention for a waiver. It is the responsibility of those individuals wishing to obtain a waiver from coverage under this general permit to submit a complete and accurate waiver certification as described below. Where the operator changes or another is added during the construction project, the new operator must also submit a waiver certification to be waived. A. Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Under this scenario the small construction project’s rainfall erosivity factor calculation (“R” in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) is less than 5 during the period of construction activity. The operator must certify to the EPA that construction activity will occur only when the rainfall erosivity factor is less than 5. The period of construction activity begins at initial earth disturbance and ends with final stabilization. Where vegetation will be used for final stabilization, the date of installation of a stabilization practice that will provide interim non-vegetative stabilization can be used for the end of the construction period, provided the operator commits (as a condition of waiver eligibility) to periodically inspect and properly maintain the area until the criteria for final stabilization as defined in the construction general permit have been met. If use of this interim stabilization eligibility condition was relied on to qualify for the waiver, signature on the waiver with its certification statement constitutes acceptance of and commitment to complete the final stabilization process. The operator must submit a waiver certification to EPA prior to commencing construction activities. Note: The rainfall erosivity factor “R” is determined in accordance with Chapter 2 of Agriculture Handbook Number 703, Predicting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning With the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), pages 21–64, dated January 1997; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service. EPA has developed an online rainfall erosivity calculator to help small construction sites determine potential eligibility for the rainfall erosivity waiver.You can access the calculator from EPA’s website at: www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/lew. The R factor can easily be calculated by using the construction site latitude/longitude or address and estimated start and end dates of construction. This calculator may also be useful in determining the time periods during which construction activity could be waived from permit coverage. You may find that moving your construction activity by a few weeks or expediting site stabilization will allow you to qualify for the waiver. Use this online calculator or the Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Fact Sheet Small and Large Construction Activities D-1 General Permit (www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/fact3-1.pdf) to assist in determining the R Factor for your small construction site. If you are the operator of the construction activity and eligible for a waiver based on low erosivity potential, you may submit a rainfall erosivity waiver electronically via EPA’s eNOI system (www.epa.gov/npdes/eNOI) or provide the following information on the waiver certification form in order to be waived from permitting requirements: 1. Name, address and telephone number of the construction site operators; 2. Name (or other identifier), address, county or similar governmental subdivision, and latitude/longitude of the construction project or site; 3. Estimated construction start and completion (i.e., final stabilization) dates, and total acreage (to the nearest quarter acre) to be disturbed; 4. The rainfall erosivity factor calculation that applies to the active construction phase at your project site; and 5. A statement, signed and dated by an authorized representative as provided in Appendix G, Subsection 11, that certifies that the construction activity will take place during a period when the value of the rainfall erosivity factor is less than five. You can access the waiver certification form from EPA’s website at: (http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/construction_waiver_form.pdf). Paper copies of the form must be sent to one of the addresses listed in Part D of this section. Note: If the R factor is 5 or greater, you cannot apply for the rainfall erosivity waiver, and must apply for permit coverage as per Subpart 2.1 of the construction general permit, unless you qualify for the Water Quality Waiver as described below. If your small construction project continues beyond the projected completion date given on the waiver certification, you must recalculate the rainfall erosivity factor for the new project duration. If the R factor is below five (5), you must update all applicable information on the waiver certification and retain a copy of the revised waiver as part of the site SWPPP. The new waiver certification must be submitted prior to the projected completion date listed on the original waiver form to assure your exemption from permitting requirements is uninterrupted. If the new R factor is five (5) or above, you must submit an NOI as per Part 2. B. TMDL Waiver This waiver is available if EPA has established or approved a TMDL that addresses the pollutant(s) of concern and has determined that controls on stormwater discharges from small construction activity are not needed to protect water quality. The pollutant(s) of concern include sediment (such as total suspended solids, turbidity or siltation) and any other pollutant that has been identified as a cause of impairment of any water body that will receive a discharge from the construction activity. Information on TMDLs that have been established or approved by EPA is available from EPA online at http://www.epa.gov/owow/tmdl/ and from state and tribal water quality agencies. Small and Large Construction Activities D-2 General Permit If you are the operator of the construction activity and eligible for a waiver based on compliance with an EPA established or approved TMDL, you must provide the following information on the Waiver Certification form in order to be waived from permitting requirements: 1. Name, address and telephone number of the construction site operator(s); 2. Name (or other identifier), address, county or similar governmental subdivision, and latitude/longitude of the construction project or site; 3. Estimated construction start and completion (i.e., final stabilization) dates, and total acreage (to the nearest quarter acre) to be disturbed; 4. The name of the water body(s) that would be receiving stormwater discharges from your construction project; 5. The name and approval date of the TMDL; 6. A statement, signed and dated by an authorized representative as provided in Appendix G, Subsection 11, that certifies that the construction activity will take place and that the stormwater discharges will occur, within the drainage area addressed by the TMDL. C. Equivalent Analysis Waiver This waiver is available for non-impaired waters only. The operator can develop an equivalent analysis that determines allocations for his small construction site for the pollutant(s) of concern or determines that such allocations are not needed to protect water quality. This waiver requires a small construction operator to develop an equivalent analysis based on existing in-stream concentrations, expected growth in pollutant concentrations from all sources, and a margin of safety. If you are a construction operator who wants to use this waiver, you must develop your equivalent analysis and provide the following information to be waived from permitting requirements: 1. Name, address and telephone number of the construction site operator(s); 2. Name (or other identifier), address, county or similar governmental subdivision, and latitude/longitude of the construction project or site; 3. Estimated construction start and completion (i.e., final stabilization) dates, and total acreage (to the nearest quarter acre) to be disturbed; 4. The name of the water bodies that would be receiving stormwater discharges from your construction project; 5. Your equivalent analysis; 6. A statement, signed and dated by an authorized representative as provided in Appendix G, Subsection 11, that certifies that the construction activity will take place and that the stormwater discharges will occur, within the drainage area addressed by the equivalent analysis. D. Waiver Deadlines and Submissions Small and Large Construction Activities D-3 General Permit 1. Waiver certifications must be submitted prior to commencement of construction activities. 2. If you submit a TMDL or equivalent analysis waiver request, you are not waived until EPA approves your request. As such, you may not commence construction activities until receipt of approval from EPA. 3. Late Notifications: Operators are not prohibited from submitting waiver certifications after initiating clearing, grading, excavation activities, or other construction activities. The Agency reserves the right to take enforcement for any unpermitted discharges that occur between the time construction commenced and waiver authorization is granted. Submittal of a waiver certification is an optional alternative to obtaining permit coverage for discharges of stormwater associated with small construction activity, provided you qualify for the waiver. Any discharge of stormwater associated with small construction activity not covered by either a permit or a waiver may be considered an unpermitted discharge under the Clean Water Act. As mentioned above, EPA reserves the right to take enforcement for any unpermitted discharges that occur between the time construction commenced and either discharge authorization is granted or a complete and accurate waiver certification is submitted. EPA may notify any operator covered by a waiver that they must apply for a permit. EPA may notify any operator who has been in noncompliance with a waiver that they may no longer use the waiver for future projects. Any member of the public may petition EPA to take action under this provision by submitting written notice along with supporting justification. Complete and accurate Rainfall Erosivity waiver certifications not otherwise submitted electronically via EPA’s eNOI system (www.epa.gov/npdes/eNOI) must be sent to one of the following addresses: Regular U.S. Mail Delivery EPA Stormwater Notice Processing Center Mail Code 4203M U.S. EPA 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 Overnight/Express Mail Delivery EPA Stormwater Notice Processing Center Room 7420 U.S. EPA 1201Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004 Complete and accurate TMDL or equivalent analysis waiver requests must be sent to the applicable EPA Region office specified in Appendix B. Small and Large Construction Activities D-4 General Permit Appendix E - Notice of Intent Form and Instructions From the effective date of this permit, operators are to use the Notice of Intent Form contained in this Appendix to obtain permit coverage. Small and Large Construction Activities E-1 This Form Replaces Form 3510-9 (8-98) Refer to the Following Pages for Instructions Form Approved OMB Nos. 2040-0188 and 2040-0211 United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460 Notice of Intent (NOI) for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction Activity Under an NPDES General Permit NPDES FORM Submission of this Notice of Intent (NOI) constitutes notice that the party identified in Section II of this form requests authorization to discharge pursuant to the NPDES Construction General Permit (CGP) permit number identified in Section I of this form. Submission of this NOI also constitutes notice that the party identified in Section II of this form meets the eligibility requirements of the CGP for the project identified in Section III of this form. Permit coverage is required prior to commencement of construction activity until you are eligible to terminate coverage as detailed in the CGP. To obtain authorization, you must submit a complete and accurate NOI form. Refer to the instructions at the end of this form. I. Permit Number II. Operator Information Name: IRS Employer Identification Number (EIN): – Mailing Address: Street: State: City: - Phone: - Fax (optional): - - Zip Code: - E-mail: III. Project/Site Information Project/Site Name: Project Street/Location: City: State: - Zip Code: County or similar government subdivision: Latitude/Longitude (Use one of three possible formats, and specify method) Latitude 1. __ __° __ __΄ __ __˝ N (degrees, minutes, seconds) Method: Longitude 1. __ __ __° __ __΄ __ __˝ W (degrees, minutes, seconds) 2. __ __° __ __. __ __΄ N (degrees, minutes, decimal) 2. __ __ __° __ __. __ __΄ W (degrees, minutes, decimal) 3. __ __. __ __ __ __° N ( degrees decimal) 3. __ __ __. __ __ __ __° W (degrees decimal) U.S.G.S. topographic map EPA web site GPS Other: If you used a U.S.G.S. topographic map, what was the scale? ________________________________________________________ Project located in Indian Country? YES NO If yes, name of reservation, or if not part of a reservation, put “Not Applicable:” ___________________________________________ / Estimated Project Start Date: Month / Day Year Estimated Area to be Disturbed (to the nearest quarter acre): EPA FORM 3510-9 (Rev. 11/2008) / Estimated Project Completion Date: Month / Day Year . Page 1 of 4 IV. SWPPP Information Has the SWPPP been prepared in advance of filing this NOI? YES Address in Section II Location of SWPP for Viewing: If other: NO Address in Section III Other SWPPP Street: City: State: - Zip Code: SWPPP Contact Information (if different than that in Section II): Name: - Phone: - Fax (optional): - - E-mail: V. Discharge Information Identify the name(s) of waterbodies to which you discharge. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Is this discharge consistent with the assumptions and requirements of applicable EPA approved or established TMDL(s)? YES NO VI. Endangered Species Protection Under which criterion of the permit have you satisfied your ESA eligibility obligations? A B C D E F If you select criterion F, provide permit tracking number of operator under which you are certifying eligibility: VII. Certification Information I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations. Print Name: Title: Signature: _____________________________________________________________________________ Date: E-mail: ________________________________________________________________________________ NOI Preparer (Complete if NOI was prepared by someone other than the certifier) Prepared by: Organization: Phone: - - EPA FORM 3510-9 (Rev. 11/2008) Ext. E-mail: Page 2 of 4 Instructions for Completing EPA Form 3510-9 Notice of Intent (NOI) for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction Activity Under an NPDES General Permit NPDES Form Date This Form Replaces Form 3510-9 (8/98) Who Must File an NOI Form Under the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251 et. seq.; the Act), federal law prohibits storm water discharges from certain construction activities to waters of the U.S. unless that discharge is covered under a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit. Operator(s) of construction sites where one or more acres are disturbed, smaller sites that are part of a larger common plan of development or sale where there is a cumulative disturbance of at least one acre, or any other site specifically designated by the Director, must submit an NOI to obtain coverage under an NPDES general permit. Each person, firm, public organization, or any other entity that meets either of the following criteria must file this form: (1) they have operational control over construction plans and specifications, including the ability to make modifications to those plans and specifications; or (2) they have day-to-day operational control of those activities at the project necessary to ensure compliance with SWPPP requirements or other permit conditions. If you have questions about whether you need an NPDES storm water permit, or if you need information to determine whether EPA or your state agency is the permitting authority, refer to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp or telephone the Storm Water Notice Processing Center at (866) 352-7755. Where to File NOI Form See the applicable CGP for information on where to send your completed NOI form. Completing the Form Obtain and read a copy of the appropriate EPA Storm Water Construction General Permit for your area. To complete this form, type or print uppercase letters, in the appropriate areas only. Please place each character between the marks (abbreviate if necessary to stay within the number of characters allowed for each item). Use one space for breaks between words, but not for punctuation marks unless they are needed to clarify your response. If you have any questions on this form, refer to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp or telephone the Storm Water Notice Processing Center at (866) 352-7755. Please submit original document with signature in ink . do not send a photocopied signature. Form Approved OMB Nos. 2040-0188 and 2040-0211 IRS), also commonly referred to as your taxpayer ID. If the applicant does not have an EIN enter “NA” in the space provided. Also provide the operator’s mailing address, telephone number, fax number (optional) and e-mail address (to be notified via e-mail of NOI approval when available). Correspondence for the NOI will be sent to this address. Section III. Project/Site Information Enter the official or legal name and complete street address, including city, state, zip code, and county or similar government subdivision of the project or site. If the project or site lacks a street address, indicate the general location of the site (e.g., Intersection of State Highways 61 and 34). Complete site information must be provided for permit coverage to be granted. The applicant must also provide the latitude and longitude of the facility either in degrees, minutes, seconds; degrees, minutes, decimal; or decimal format. The latitude and longitude of your facility can be determined in several different ways, including through the use of global positioning system (GPS) receivers, U.S. Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.) topographic or quadrangle maps, and EPA’s web-based siting tools, among others. Refer to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp for further guidance on the use of these methodologies. For consistency, EPA requests that measurements be taken from the approximate center of the construction site. Applicants must specify which method they used to determine latitude and longitude. If a U.S.G.S. topographic map is used, applicants are required to specify the scale of the map used. Indicate whether the project is in Indian country, and if so, provide the name of the Reservation. If the project is in Indian Country Lands that are not part of a Reservation, indicate “not applicable” in the space provided. Enter the estimated construction start and completion dates using four digits for the year (i.e., 05/27/1998). Enter the estimated area to be disturbed including but not limited to: grubbing, excavation, grading, and utilities and infrastructure installation. Indicate to the nearest quarter acre. Note: 1 acre = 43,560 sq. ft. Section I. Permit Number Provide the number of the permit under which you are applying for coverage (see Appendix B of the general permit for the list of eligible permit numbers). Section IV. SWPPP Information Indicate whether or not the SWPPP was prepared in advance of filing the NOI form. Check the appropriate box for the location where the SWPPP may be viewed. Provide the name, fax number (optional), and e-mail address of the contact person if different than that listed in Section II of the NOI form. Section II. Operator Information Provide the legal name of the person, firm, public organization, or any other entity that operates the project described in this application. An operator of a project is a legal entity that controls at least a portion of site operations and is not necessarily the site manager. Provide the employer identification number (EIN from the Internal Revenue Service; Section V. Discharge Information Enter the name(s) of receiving waterbodies to which the project’s storm water will discharge. These should be the first bodies of water that the discharge will reach. (Note: If you discharge to more than one waterbody, please indicate all such waters in the space provided and attach a separate sheet if necessary.) For example, if the discharge leaves your EPA FORM 3510-9 (Rev. 11/2008) Page 3 of 4 Instructions for Completing EPA Form 3510-9 Notice of Intent (NOI) for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction Activity Under an NPDES General Permit NPDES Form Date This Form Replaces Form 3510-9 (8/98) site and travels through a roadside swale or a storm sewer and then enters a stream that flows to a river, the stream would be the receiving waterbody. Waters of the U.S. include lakes, streams, creeks, rivers, wetlands, impoundments, estuaries, bays, oceans, and other surface bodies of water within the confines of the U.S. and U.S. coastal waters. Waters of the U.S. do not include man-made structures created solely for the purpose of wastewater treatment. U.S. Geological Survey topographical maps may be used to make this determination. If the map does not provide a name, use a format such as “unnamed tributary to Cross Creek”. If you discharge into a municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4), you must identify the waterbody into which that portion of the storm sewer discharges. That information should be readily available from the operator of the MS4. Indicate whether your storm water discharges from construction activities will be consistent with the assumptions and requirements of applicable EPA approved or established TMDL(s). To answer this question, refer to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp for state- and regionalspecific TMDL information related to the construction general permit. You may also have to contact your EPA regional office or state agency. If there are no applicable TMDLs or no related requirements, please check the “yes” box in the NOI form. Section VI. Endangered Species Information Indicate for which criterion (i.e., A, B, C, D, E, or F) of the permit the applicant is eligible with regard to protection of federally listed endangered and threatened species, and designated critical habitat. See Part 1.3.C.6 and Appendix C of the permit. If you select criterion F, provide the permit tracking number of the operator under which you are certifying eligibility. The permit tracking number is the number assigned to the operator by the Storm Water Notice Processing Center after EPA acceptance of a complete NOI. Section VII. Certification Information All applications, including NOIs, must be signed as follows: For a corporation: By a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Section, a responsible corporate officer means: (i) a president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy- or decision-making functions for the corporation, or (ii) the manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities, provided, the manager is authorized to make management decisions which govern the operation of the regulated facility including having the explicit or implicit duty of making major capital investment recommendations, and initiating and directing other comprehensive measures to assure long-term environmental compliance with environmental laws and regulations; the manager can ensure that the necessary systems are established or actions taken to gather complete and accurate information for permit application requirements; and where authority to sign documents has been assigned or EPA FORM 3510-9 (Rev. 11/2008) Form Approved OMB Nos. 2040-0188 and 2040-0211 delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures. For a partnership or sole proprietorship: By a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or For a municipality, state, federal, or other public agency: By either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For purposes of this Part, a principal executive officer of a federal agency includes (i) the chief executive officer of the agency, or (ii) a senior executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g., Regional Administrator of EPA). Include the name, title, and email address of the person signing the form and the date of signing. An unsigned or undated NOI form will not be considered eligible for permit coverage. If the NOI was prepared by someone other than the certifier (for example, if the NOI was prepared by the facility SWPPP contact or a consultant for the certifier’s signature), include the name, organization, phone number and email address of the NOI preparer. Paperwork Reduction Act Notice Public reporting burden for this application is estimated to average 3.7 hours. This estimate includes time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Send comments regarding the burden estimate, any other aspect of the collection of information, or suggestions for improving this form, including any suggestions which may increase or reduce this burden to: Chief, Information Policy Branch 2136, U.S. Environmental Protection, Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20460. Include the OMB control number on any correspondence. Do not send the completed form to this address. Visit this website for mailing instructions: www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/mail Visit this website for instructions on how to submit electronically: www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/enoi Page 4 of 4 General Permit Appendix F - Notice of Termination Form and Instructions From the effective date of this permit, operators are to use the Notice of Termination Form contained in this Appendix to terminate permit coverage. Small and Large Construction Activities F-1 This Form Replaces Form 3517-7 (8-98) Form Approved OMB Nos. 2040-0086 and 2040-0211 Refer to the Following Page for Instructions United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460 Notice of Termination (NOT) of Coverage Under an NPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activity NPDES FORM Submission of this Notice of Termination constitutes notice that the party identified in Section II of this form is no longer authorized to discharge stormwater associated with construction activity under the NPDES program from the site identified in Section III of this form. All necessary information must be included on this form. Refer to the instructions at the end of this form. I. Permit Information NPDES Stormwater General Permit Tracking Number: Reason for Termination (Check only one): Final stabilization has been achieved on all portions of the site for which you are responsible. Another operator has assumed control, according to Appendix G, Section 11.C of the CGP, over all areas of the site that have not been finally stabilized. Coverage under an alternative NPDES permit has been obtained. For residential construction only, temporary stabilization has been completed and the residence has been transferred to the homeowner. II. Operator Information Name: IRS Employer Identification Number (EIN): – Mailing Address: Street: City: Phone: - - Fax (optional): - State: Zip Code: - State: Zip Code: - - E-mail: III. Project/Site Information Project/Site Name: Project Street/Location: City: County or similar government subdivision: IV. Certification Information I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations. Print Name: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Print Title: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Email: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Signature: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EPA Form 3510-13 (Rev. 12/08) Page 1 of 2 Instructions for Completing EPA Form 3510-13 Notice of Termination (NOT) of Coverage Under an NPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activity NPDES Form This Form Replaces Form 3517-7 (8-98) Who May File an NOT Form Permittees who are presently covered under the EPA-issued National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activity may submit an NOT form when final stabilization has been achieved on all portions of the site for which you are responsible; another operator has assumed control in accordance with Appendix G, Section 11.C of the General Permit over all areas of the site that have not been finally stabilized; coverage under an alternative NPDES permit has been obtained; or for residential construction only, temporary stabilization has been completed and the residence has been transferred to the homeowner. “Final stabilization” means that all soil disturbing activities at the site have been completed and that a uniform perennial vegetative cover with a density of at least 70% of the native background vegetative cover for the area has been established on all unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures, or equivalent permanent stabilization measures (such as the use of riprap, gabions, or geotextiles) have been employed. See “final stabilization” definition in Appendix A of the Construction General Permit for further guidance where background native vegetation covers less than 100 percent of the ground, in arid or semi-arid areas, for individual lots in residential construction, and for construction projects on land used for agricultural purposes. Completing the Form Type or print, using uppercase letters, in the appropriate areas only. Please place each character between the marks. Abbreviate if necessary to stay within the number of characters allowed for each item. Use only one space for breaks between words, but not for punctuation marks unless they are needed to clarify your response. If you have any questions about this form, refer to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp or telephone the Stormwater Notice Processing Center at (866) 352-7755. Please submit original document with signature in ink - do not send a photocopied signature. Section I. Permit Number Enter the existing NPDES Stormwater General Permit Tracking Number assigned to the project by EPA’s Stormwater Notice Processing Center. If you do not know the permit tracking number, refer to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp or contact the Stormwater Notice Processing Center at (866) 352-7755. Indicate your reason for submitting this Notice of Termination by checking the appropriate box. Check only one: Final stabilization has been achieved on all portions of the site for which you are responsible. Another operator has assumed control according to Appendix G, Section 11.C over all areas of the site that have not been finally stabilized. Coverage under an alternative NPDES permit has been obtained. For residential construction only, if temporary stabilization has been completed and the residence has been transferred to the homeowner. Section II. Operator Information Provide the legal name of the person, firm, public organization, or any other entity that operates the project described in this application and is covered by the permit tracking number identified in Section I. The operator of the project is the legal entity that controls the site operation, rather than the site manager. Provide the employer identification number (EIN from the Internal Revenue Service; IRS). If the applicant does not have an EIN enter “NA” in the space provided. Enter the EPA Form 3510-13 (Rev. 12/08) Form Approved OMB Nos. 2040-0086 and 2040-0211 complete mailing address, telephone number, and email address of the operator. Optional: enter the fax number of the operator. Section III. Project/Site Information Enter the official or legal name and complete street address, including city, state, zip code, and county or similar government subdivision of the project or site. If the project or site lacks a street address, indicate the general location of the site (e.g., Intersection of State Highways 61 and 34). Complete site information must be provided for termination of permit coverage to be valid. Section IV. Certification Information All applications, including NOIs, must be signed as follows: For a corporation: By a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Part, a responsible corporate officer means: (i) a president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy-or decision-making functions for the corporation, or (ii) the manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities, provided, the manager is authorized to make management decisions which govern the operation of the regulated facility including having the explicit or implicit duty of making major capital investment recommendations, and initiating and directing other comprehensive measures to assure long-term environmental compliance with environmental laws and regulations; the manager can ensure that the necessary systems are established or actions taken to gather complete and accurate information for permit application requirements; and where authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures. For a partnership or sole proprietorship: By a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or For a municipality, state, federal, or other public agency: By either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For purposes of this Part, a principal executive officer of a federal agency includes (i) the chief executive officer of the agency, or (ii) a senior executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g., Regional Administrator of EPA). Include the name, title, and email address of the person signing the form and the date of signing. An unsigned or undated NOT form will not be considered valid termination of permit coverage. Paperwork Reduction Act Notice Public reporting burden for this application is estimated to average 0.5 hours per notice, including time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Send comments regarding the burden estimate, any other aspect of the collection of information, or suggestions for improving this form including any suggestions which may increase or reduce this burden to: Chief, Information Policy Branch, 2136, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460. Include the OMB number on any correspondence. Do not send the completed form to this address. Visit this website for mailing instruction: www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/mail Visit this website for instructions on how to submit electronically: www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/enoi Page 2 of 2 General Permit Appendix G - Standard Permit Conditions STANDARD PERMIT CONDITIONS 1. Duty To Comply You must comply with all conditions of this permit. Any permit noncompliance constitutes a violation of the Clean Water Act and is grounds for enforcement action; for permit termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification; or for denial of a permit renewal application. A. You must comply with effluent standards or prohibitions established under section 307(a) of the Clean Water Act for toxic pollutants and with standards for sewage sludge use or disposal established under section 405(d) of the CWA within the time provided in the regulations that establish these standards or prohibitions or standards for sewage sludge use or disposal, even if the permit has not yet been modified to incorporate the requirement. B. The Clean Water Act provides that any person who violates section 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318 or 405 of the Act, or any permit condition or limitation implementing any such sections in a permit issued under section 402, or any requirement imposed in a pretreatment program approved under sections 402(a)(3) or 402(b)(8) of the Act, is subject to a civil penalty not to exceed the maximum amounts authorized by Section 309(d) of the Act and the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act (28 U.S.C. §2461 note) as amended by the Debt Collection Improvement Act (31 U.S.C. §3701 note) (currently $27,500 per day for each violation). The Clean Water Act provides that any person who negligently violates sections 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318, or 405 of the Act, or any condition or limitation implementing any of such sections in a permit issued under section 402 of the Act, or any requirement imposed in a pretreatment program approved under section 402(a)(3) or 402(b)(8) of the Act, is subject to criminal penalties of $2,500 to $25,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment of not more than 1 year, or both. In the case of a second or subsequent conviction for a negligent violation, a person shall be subject to criminal penalties of not more than $50,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment of not more than 2 years, or both. Any person who knowingly violates such sections, or such conditions or limitations is subject to criminal penalties of $5,000 to $50,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment for not more than 3 years, or both. In the case of a second or subsequent conviction for a knowing violation, a person shall be subject to criminal penalties of not more than $100,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment of not more than 6 years, or both. Any person who knowingly violates section 301, 302, 303, 306, 307, 308, 318 or 405 of the Act, or any permit condition or limitation implementing any of such sections in a permit issued under section 402 of the Act, and who knows at that time that he thereby places another person in imminent danger of death or serious bodily injury, shall, upon conviction, be subject to a fine of not more than $250,000 or imprisonment of not more than 15 years, or both. In the case of a second or subsequent conviction for a knowing endangerment violation, a person shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500,000 or by imprisonment of not more than 30 years, or both. An organization, as defined in section 309(c)(3)(B)(iii) of the CWA, shall, upon conviction of violating the imminent danger provision, be subject to a fine of not more than $1,000,000 and can be fined up to $2,000,000 for second or subsequent convictions. Small and Large Construction Activities G-1 General Permit C. Any person may be assessed an administrative penalty by the Administrator for violating section 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318 or 405 of this Act, or any permit condition or limitation implementing any of such sections in a permit issued under section 402 of this Act. Pursuant to 40 CFR Part 19 and the Act, administrative penalties for Class I violations are not to exceed the maximum amounts authorized by Section 309(g)(2)(A) of the Act and the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act (28 U.S.C. §2461 note) as amended by the Debt Collection Improvement Act (31 U.S.C. §3701 note) (currently $11,000 per violation, with the maximum amount of any Class I penalty assessed not to exceed $27,500). Pursuant to 40 CFR Part 19 and the Act, penalties for Class II violations are not to exceed the maximum amounts authorized by Section 309(g)(2)(B) of the Act and the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act (28 U.S.C. §2461 note) as amended by the Debt Collection Improvement Act (31 U.S.C. §3701 note) (currently $11,000 per day for each day during which the violation continues, with the maximum amount of any Class II penalty not to exceed $137,500). 2. Duty to Reapply If you wish to continue an activity regulated by this permit after the expiration date of this permit, you must apply for and obtain a new permit. 3. Need to Halt or Reduce Activity Not a Defense It shall not be a defense for you in an enforcement action that it would have been necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions of this permit. 4. Duty to Mitigate You must take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge or sludge use or disposal in violation of this permit which has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the environment. 5. Proper Operation and Maintenance You must at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment and control (and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by you to achieve compliance with the conditions of this permit. Proper operation and maintenance also includes adequate laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures. This provision requires the operation of backup or auxiliary facilities or similar systems which are installed by you only when the operation is necessary to achieve compliance with the conditions of this permit. 6. Permit Actions This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause. Your filing of a request for a permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not stay any permit condition. 7. Property Rights This permit does not convey any property rights of any sort, or any exclusive privileges. 8. Duty to Provide Information You must furnish to EPA, within a reasonable time, any information which EPA may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating this permit or to determine compliance with this permit. You must also furnish to EPA upon request, copies of records required to be kept by this permit. Small and Large Construction Activities G-2 General Permit 9. Inspection and Entry You must allow EPA, or an authorized representative (including an authorized contractor acting as a representative of the Administrator), upon presentation of credentials and other documents as may be required by law, to: A. Enter upon your premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or conducted, or where records must be kept under the conditions of this permit; B. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that must be kept under the conditions of this permit; C. Inspect at reasonable times any facilities, equipment (including monitoring and control equipment), practices, or operations regulated or required under this permit; and D. Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the purposes of assuring permit compliance or as otherwise authorized by the Clean Water Act, any substances or parameters at any location. 10. Monitoring and Records A. Samples and measurements taken for the purpose of monitoring must be representative of the monitored activity. B. You must retain records of all monitoring information, including all calibration and maintenance records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous monitoring instrumentation, copies of all reports required by this permit, and records of all data used to complete the application for this permit, for a period of at least 3 years from the date of the sample, measurement, report or application. This period may be extended by request of EPA at any time. C. Records of monitoring information must include: 1. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements; 2. The individual(s) who performed the sampling or measurements; 3. The date(s) analyses were performed 4. The individual(s) who performed the analyses; 5. The analytical techniques or methods used; and 6. The results of such analyses. D. Monitoring results must be conducted according to test procedures approved under 40 CFR Part 136 or, in the case of sludge use or disposal, approved under 40 CFR Part 136 unless otherwise specified in 40 CFR Part 503, unless other test procedures have been specified in the permit. E. The Clean Water Act provides that any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly renders inaccurate any monitoring device or method required to be maintained under this permit shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by imprisonment for not more than 2 years, or both. If a conviction of a person is for a violation committed after a first conviction of such person under this paragraph, punishment is a fine of not more than $20,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment of not more than 4 years, or both. 11. Signatory Requirements A. All applications, including NOIs, must be signed as follows: 1. For a corporation: By a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Part, a responsible corporate officer means: (i) a president, secretary, treasurer, or vicepresident of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any Small and Large Construction Activities G-3 General Permit other person who performs similar policy- or decision-making functions for the corporation, or (ii) the manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities, provided, the manager is authorized to make management decisions which govern the operation of the regulated facility including having the explicit or implicit duty of making major capital investment recommendations, and initiating and directing other comprehensive measures to assure long term environmental compliance with environmental laws and regulations; the manager can ensure that the necessary systems are established or actions taken to gather complete and accurate information for permit application requirements; and where authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures. 2. For a partnership or sole proprietorship: By a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or 3. For a municipality, state, federal, or other public agency: By either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For purposes of this Part, a principal executive officer of a federal agency includes (i) the chief executive officer of the agency, or (ii) a senior executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g., Regional Administrator of EPA). B. All reports required by this permit, including SWPPPs, must be signed by a person described in Appendix G, Subsection 11.A above or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A person is a duly authorized representative only if: 1. The authorization is made in writing by a person described in Appendix G, Subsection 11.A; 2. The authorization specifies either an individual or a position having responsibility for the overall operation of the regulated facility or activity such as the position of plant manager, operator of a well or a well field, superintendent, position of equivalent responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for environmental matters for the company. (A duly authorized representative may thus be either a named individual or any individual occupying a named position); and 3. The signed and dated written authorization is included in the SWPPP. A copy must be submitted to EPA, if requested. C. Changes to Authorization. If an authorization under Part 2.1 is no longer accurate because a different operator has responsibility for the overall operation of the construction site, a new NOI satisfying the requirements of Part 2.1 must be submitted to EPA prior to or together with any reports, information, or applications to be signed by an authorized representative. The change in authorization must be submitted within the time frame specified in Part 2.4, and sent to the address specified in Part 2.2. D. Any person signing documents required under the terms of this permit must include the following certification: “I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons Small and Large Construction Activities G-4 General Permit directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.” E. The CWA provides that any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any record or other document submitted or required to be maintained under this permit, including monitoring reports or reports of compliance or non-compliance shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per violation, or by imprisonment for not more than 6 months per violation, or by both. 12. Reporting Requirements A. Planned changes. You must give notice to EPA as soon as possible of any planned physical alterations or additions to the permitted facility. Notice is required only when: 1. The alteration or addition to a permitted facility may meet one of the criteria for determining whether a facility is a new source in 40 CFR §122.29(b); or 2. The alteration or addition could significantly change the nature or increase the quantity of pollutants discharged. This notification applies to pollutants which are subject neither to effluent limitations in the permit, nor to notification requirements under 40 CFR §122.42(a)(1). B. Anticipated noncompliance. You must give advance notice to EPA of any planned changes in the permitted facility or activity which may result in noncompliance with permit requirements. C. Transfers. This permit is not transferable to any person except after notice to EPA. EPA may require modification or revocation and reissuance of the permit to change the name of the permittee and incorporate such other requirements as may be necessary under the Clean Water Act. (See 40 CFR §122.61; in some cases, modification or revocation and reissuance is mandatory.) D. Monitoring reports. Monitoring results must be reported at the intervals specified elsewhere in this permit. 1. Monitoring results must be reported on a Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) or forms provided or specified by EPA for reporting results of monitoring of sludge use or disposal practices. 2. If you monitor any pollutant more frequently than required by the permit using test procedures approved under 40 CFR Part 136 or, in the case of sludge use or disposal, approved under 40 CFR Part 136 unless otherwise specified in 40 CFR Part 503, or as specified in the permit, the results of this monitoring must be included in the calculation and reporting of the data submitted in the DMR or sludge reporting form specified by EPA. 3. Calculations for all limitations which require averaging of measurements must use an arithmetic mean. E. Compliance schedules. Reports of compliance or noncompliance with, or any progress reports on, interim and final requirements contained in any compliance schedule of this permit must be submitted no later than 14 days following each schedule date. F. Twenty-four hour reporting. Small and Large Construction Activities G-5 General Permit 1. You must report any noncompliance which may endanger health or the environment. Any information must be provided orally within 24 hours from the time you become aware of the circumstances. A written submission must also be provided within five days of the time you become aware of the circumstances. The written submission must contain a description of the noncompliance and its cause; the period of noncompliance, including exact dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been corrected, the anticipated time it is expected to continue; and steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance. 2. The following shall be included as information which must be reported within 24 hours under this paragraph. a. Any unanticipated bypass which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit. (See 40 CFR §122.41(g).) b. Any upset which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit c. Violation of a maximum daily discharge limitation for any of the pollutants listed by EPA in the permit to be reported within 24 hours. (See 40 CFR §122.44(g).) 13. EPA may waive the written report on a case-by-case basis for reports under Appendix G, Subsection 12.F.2 if the oral report has been received within 24 hours. G. Other noncompliance. You must report all instances of noncompliance not reported under Appendix G, Subsections 12.D, 12.E, and 12.F, at the time monitoring reports are submitted. The reports must contain the information listed in Appendix G, Subsection 12.F. H. Other information. Where you become aware that you failed to submit any relevant facts in a permit application, or submitted incorrect information in a permit application or in any report to the Permitting Authority, you must promptly submit such facts or information. 13. Bypass A. Definitions. 1. Bypass means the intentional diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment facility 2. Severe property damage means substantial physical damage to property, damage to the treatment facilities which causes them to become inoperable, or substantial and permanent loss of natural resources which can reasonably be expected to occur in the absence of a bypass. Severe property damage does not mean economic loss caused by delays in production. B. Bypass not exceeding limitations. You may allow any bypass to occur which does not cause effluent limitations to be exceeded, but only if it also is for essential maintenance to assure efficient operation. These bypasses are not subject to the provisions of Appendix G, Subsections 13.C and 13.D. C. Notice– 1. Anticipated bypass. If you know in advance of the need for a bypass, you must submit prior notice, if possible at least ten days before the date of the bypass. 2. Unanticipated bypass. You must submit notice of an unanticipated bypass as required in Appendix G, Subsection 12.F (24-hour notice). Small and Large Construction Activities G-6 General Permit D. Prohibition of bypass. 1. Bypass is prohibited, and EPA may take enforcement action against you for bypass, unless: a. Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property damage; b. There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities, retention of untreated wastes, or maintenance during normal periods of equipment downtime. This condition is not satisfied if adequate back-up equipment should have been installed in the exercise of reasonable engineering judgment to prevent a bypass which occurred during normal periods of equipment downtime or preventive maintenance; and c. You submitted notices as required under Appendix G, Subsection 13.C. 2. EPA may approve an anticipated bypass, after considering its adverse effects, if EPA determines that it will meet the three conditions listed above in Appendix G, Subsection 13.D.1. 14. Upset A. Definition. Upset means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with technology based permit effluent limitations because of factors beyond your reasonable control. An upset does not include noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate treatment facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or improper operation. B. Effect of an upset. An upset constitutes an affirmative defense to an action brought for noncompliance with such technology based permit effluent limitations if the requirements of Appendix G, Subsection 14.C are met. No determination made during administrative review of claims that noncompliance was caused by upset, and before an action for noncompliance, is final administrative action subject to judicial review. C. Conditions necessary for a demonstration of upset. A permittee who wishes to establish the affirmative defense of upset must demonstrate, through properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other relevant evidence that: 1. An upset occurred and that you can identify the cause(s) of the upset; 2. The permitted facility was at the time being properly operated; and 3. You submitted notice of the upset as required in Appendix G, Subsection 12.F.2.b(24 hour notice). 4. You complied with any remedial measures required under Appendix G, Section 4. D. Burden of proof. In any enforcement proceeding, you, as the one seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset, has the burden of proof. Small and Large Construction Activities G-7 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 1Appendix B Appendix B: Forms FORMS TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX B B.1 B.2 B.3 B.4 B.5 B.6 B.7 B.8 B.9 B.10 B.11 August 2009 FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-3 AZPDES SWPPP Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-5 EPA Permit Waiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-7 Erosivity Fact Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-9 ADEQ NOI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-11 EPA NOI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-13 ADEQ NOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-15 EPA NOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-17 Arizona Impaired Surface Waters List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-19 Arizona Impaired Surface Waters Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-21 Arizona List of Unique Waters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-23 Sample Inspection Report and Rainfall Data Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-25 B-1 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-2 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County APPENDIX B Appendix B: Forms FORMS This appendix contains the required Notice of Intent (NOI) and Notice of Termination (NOT) forms, for both ADEQ and EPA Construction General Permits. The NOI can also be submitted electronically depending on the applicable agency. ADEQ Smart NOI: http://az.gov/webapp/noi/main.doc EPA eNOI: http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/enoi.cfm This chapter also contains other forms, such as the AZPDES SWPPP Checklist, permit waivers, fact sheets and applications, and lists of impaired and unique surface waters. August 2009 B-3 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County B.1 Appendix B: Forms AZPDES SWPPP Checklist August 2009 B-5 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-6 August 2009 2008 Construction General Permit SWPPP Guidance Checklist This optional checklist is provided to assist owners and operators in preparing their AZPDES Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) to meet the requirements of Arizona’s 2008 Construction General Permit (AZG2008-001). The “Descriptions” provided below do not necessarily reflect the exact wording used in the permit; rather these are stated in simplified language to provide additional guidance. (Note if any inadvertent conflict exists between this document and the permit, the permit language prevails). The “Permit Citation” column shows you where each particular requirement is found in the 2008 CGP. Use the “Location” column to note the page where the requirement is addressed in your SWPPP. Please leave the “For ADEQ Use Only” column blank. Using this SWPPP checklist will help you ensure that all the permit requirements are addressed in your SWPPP and will also assist the Department in conducting a more efficient review of your SWPPP if it is required to be submitted. Please note that your SWPPP does not have to follow the format of this checklist; the purpose of this checklist is only to ensure that your SWPPP contains all required components. While this checklist is intended for use in preparing your initial SWPPP, your SWPPP is a “living” document and it is important that it be updated to document changes in your project, best management practices (BMPs), Inspections, and other pertinent information. Permit Citation Part III.A.2.d Part III.B.2.a. Part III.B.2.a Part III.B.2.b Part III.B.2.b Part III.B.2.b Part III.C.1 Part III.A.2.a Part III.C.2. Part III.C.2.a Description Location in SWPPP & Notes For ADEQ Use Only OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITIES Identify who is responsible for on-site SWPPP implementation Indicate or show the areas of the project where the operator has control over project specifications, including the ability to make changes in specifications Provide name(s) of the person(s) who have day-to-day control over construction plans and specifications Identify who is responsible for installing, implementing, and maintaining the BMPs in the plan Identify or show the areas of the project where each operator has control over day-to-day activities Provide name(s) of the person(s) having control over project specifications, including the ability to make changes in specifications Provide the name and contact information for all operators and indicate the areas of the project each operator controls PROJECT DESCRIPTION Identify all potential sources of pollutants/pollution from construction activities that could possibly contact stormwater Describe the construction activity (what is being built, what is being disturbed, how long it is expected to take, etc.) Describe the project and what it will be used for when completed (after Notice of Termination (NOT) is filed) AZPDES Construction SWPPP Checklist 1 May 2008 Permit Citation Description Part III.C.2.b Describe the planned phasing or sequencing of land disturbance activities. The amount of open/disturbed dirt left open at one time should be minimized where possible Part III.C.2.c Indicate the total acres of the site and number of acres that will be disturbed (include off-site borrow and fill area, staging and equipment storage areas) Indicate the percentage of the site that is impervious (e.g., paved, roofed, etc.) before and after construction Describe the soil (e.g., sand, clay, etc.) at the site and its potential for erosion (Suggestion: reference the Soil Survey covering the project site prepared by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service for soil information http://soils.usda.gov/survey/) Include a map showing the project location (e.g. U.S.G.S. quadrangle, portion of a city or county map). The map must also show any washes or other waterbodies within 1 mile of the site Identify the nearest receiving water(s). A receiving water is a natural watercourse into which stormwater would flow in a storm event and includes dry washes, streams, tributaries, and other waters of the U.S. (such as designated canals). Man-made structures such as retention basins, storm sewer systems, or city storm drains are not receiving waters. Identify the areal extent where soils may be disturbed and show any wetlands near the site that could receive dirt or run-off from the construction activity Describe any pollutant sources from areas other than dirt moving (e.g., dedicated concrete and asphalt plants, fueling operations, material or waste storage etc. that are associated with the construction project). Identify where these sources are or will occur on site SITE MAP (note multiple maps may be used) All the following are to be shown on the site map or maps Include a site map completed to scale Part III.C.2.d Part III C.2.e Part III.C.2.f Part III.C.4 Part III.C.4 Part III.C.6 Part III.C.3. Part III.C.3.a. Part III.C.3.b. Part III.C.3.c. Part III.C.3.d. Part III.C.3.e. Location in SWPPP & Notes For ADEQ Use Only Use arrows to show the direction(s) where stormwater will flow for all areas within the project limits (This is for the period during construction, not final contours. Flow direction may change as project grading progresses; when this occurs, maps are to be updated.) Show areas of soil disturbance and areas that will not be disturbed Show all structural BMPs identified in the SWPPP Show locations where stabilization BMPs are expected to occur Show locations of on-site material storage, waste storage or receptacles, borrow areas, equipment storage or other supporting activities AZPDES Construction SWPPP Checklist 2 May 2008 Permit Citation Part III.C.3.f. Part III.C.3.g. Part III.C.3.h. Part III.C.3.i. Part III.C.3.j Part III.A.2.b, III.C.5.a, and IV.A.1 Part III.C.5.b Description Location in SWPPP & Notes For ADEQ Use Only Identify any water bodies (including dry washes and wetlands) on the site. If there are no water bodies, indicate this on the map Show locations where stormwater discharges to surface water (including wetlands, ephemeral waters and dry washes) and to municipal storm sewer systems (MS4s) (use an “X” to indicate discharge location(s)). Where surface waters and/or MS4s receiving stormwater do not fit on the map, use arrows to show the direction and indicate the approximate distance to the surface water and/or MS4 Show the location and registration number of all onsite dry-wells and dry-wells located on adjacent properties that could receive stormwater from the site (if none exist, indicate that) Identify any areas of the site where final stabilization has been achieved Specify existing vegetated areas (trees, brush, etc.) and boundaries of environmentally sensitive areas and buffer zones that are to be preserved BMP (Best Management Practices) REQUIREMENTS Identify BMPs selected for the site and describe how each will reduce pollutants in stormwater Describe how BMPs will be added, modified, or replaced for each phase or sequence of construction activities. Also, identify which operator is responsible for the implementation of BMPs Part III.C.5.c Provide drawings and/or specifications of structural BMPs that include design or installation details Part IV.B.1.a Describe where natural/existing vegetation will be preserved. Locations of trees and boundaries of environmentally sensitive areas and buffer zones to be preserved are also to be on the SWPPP site map Part IV.B.1.b If using seed to revegetate, provide the mixture and application specifications. (These may be obtained from product provider) Part IV.B.1.c If culverts are present on-site, describe measures that will be used to minimize erosion at and around the culvert(s) Part IV.B.1.d Describe how off site stormwater that may run onto the project site will be diverted or otherwise managed with onsite engineering controls, containment, or BMPs Part IV.B.3.a. Identify how records of dates when major grading activities occur will be kept Part IV.B.3.b. Identify how records of when construction activities temporarily or permanently cease on all portions of the site will be kept Part IV.B.3.c. Identify how records of when stabilization measures are initiated and completed and reason(s) for delay will be kept AZPDES Construction SWPPP Checklist 3 May 2008 Permit Citation Part IV.C.3 Part IV.C.3 Part IV.D.3. Part IV.E.2. Part VI.B.1 Part IV.F.1. Part IV.H.1 Part IV.H.2. Part IV.H.3.a Part IV.H.3.b Part IV.H.3.c Description Location in SWPPP & Notes For ADEQ Use Only Provide sizing criteria and show calculations for sediment basin(s) and indicate whether basin(s) will be temporary or permanent (i.e., post-construction) Provide reason(s) or rationale why a sediment basin was determined to not be possible at the project site (If applicable) Describe the location(s) and how materials will be stored or staged both on-site and offsite; including overburden, soil stockpiles, and borrow areas Identify and provide the location(s) of all non-stormwater discharges allowed by this permit expected to be associated with the project and describe BMPs used to minimize discharge of pollutants Describe measures for preventing and responding to spills, including spill notification requirements POST-CONSTRUCTION CONTROLS Identify post-construction stormwater BMPs (e.g., porous pavement, open space preservation, etc.) that will be installed as part of this project. Note: temporary BMPs (e.g., straw waddles, etc.) must be removed prior to submitting your Notice of Termination INSPECTIONS Identify the minimum inspection frequency as well as goals for more frequent inspections Provide name, title, and qualifications of person(s) who will be conducting inspections Describe how inspection of the following items will be conducted: Good housekeeping BMPs (e.g., solid waste storage and pickup; chemical storage, use, and cleanup; fueling; etc.) Erosion and sediment control BMPs Construction site entrance and egress location(s) including looking for evidence of sediment, debris, and other pollutants tacked offsite onto paved surfaces (e.g., streets, sidewalks, parking lots, etc) Municipal storm sewer systems, including streets, inlets, etc. which can be observed at ground level. Should focus on discharge (and potential for discharge) and accumulation of sediment, trash, and other pollutants Observation and assessment of accessible discharge locations to determine if erosion control BMPs are adequate and effective in reducing discharge of sediments For discharge points that are inaccessible, inspection of downstream locations should occur, where practicable Describe how inspections will be documented (note: inspection reports must be added to the SWPPP in chronological order, Permit Part IV.H.4) Describe procedures for repairing, replacing, and/or supplementing nonfunctional and underperforming BMPs (see Permit Part IV.I.2) AZPDES Construction SWPPP Checklist 4 May 2008 Permit Citation Part IV.H.4 Part III.C.6 Part V.B.1 Description Location in SWPPP & Notes For ADEQ Use Only INSPECTION REPORT Provide a copy of the inspection report form to be used to document site inspections. At a minimum, the report form must include the following information (note, an example form is provided in the permit and may be used to satisfy this permit requirement): Date of inspection Name and title of person(s) conducting the inspection Information about weather conditions since the last inspection, including: best estimate of the beginning and end of each rain event; time elapsed since last rain event; and approximate amount of rainfall for each event (in inches) Locations where sediment and other pollutants are or were discharged from the site For inspections conducted while stormwater can be observed discharging from the site, provide a description of the physical characteristics (e.g., presence of suspended sediment, turbid water, discoloration, oil sheen, etc.) Location and identification of BMPs in that need to be maintained, failed to operate, or proved inadequate Location(s) where additional BMPs are needed that did not exist at the time of inspection Identification of all sources of non-stormwater and the associated pollution prevention control BMPs Identification of material storage areas and evidence of or potential for pollutant discharge from such areas Corrective actions required, including any changes to SWPPP necessary, and implementation dates (of corrective actions/maintenance, and SWPPP changes) Identification of any non-compliance with the conditions of this permit, or where the inspector does not identify any incidents of non-compliance, the inspection report shall contain a certification that the construction project or site is being operated in compliance with the SWPPP and permit Certification statement and signature for inspection report in agreement with Part VIII.J. MONITORING PLAN - (if applicable) If discharging to an impaired water, identify sources of pollutants of concern listed on the 303(d) list that may be potentially discharged through construction site activities and soil disturbances. If these exist, describe added or better BMPs to minimize discharges of these pollutants For projects located within ¼-mile of a unique or impaired water, your SWPPP must include a Monitoring Plan that (at a minimum) contains the following information Specific location(s) at the site where visual and analytical monitoring activities will be conducted AZPDES Construction SWPPP Checklist 5 May 2008 Permit Citation Part V.B.1, continued Part V.D.3 Part V.D.5 Part III.A.3 Part VIII.J.2 Part III.D.1 Part III.D.2 Part III.D.3 Part III.D.4 Part III.D.5 Description Location in SWPPP & Notes For ADEQ Use Only The name(s) and titles of the person(s) who will perform the monitoring Map showing the segments or portions of the receiving water (stream, lake, etc.) that are most likely to be impacted by the discharge of pollutant(s) Water quality parameters/pollutants to be sampled The citation and description of the sampling protocols to be used (should include Standard Operation Procedure for sample collection, preservation, etc.) Identify analytical methods and related method detection limits (if applicable) for each parameter to be monitored Identify any special pollutants of concern based on the most recent 305(b)/303(d) listing or other information available Describe the potential sources of this pollutant from the project, if any (including disturbances of soil containing this pollutant) If the unique or impaired water is a lake, your monitoring plan (including monitoring locations) must be submitted to and approved by the Department Chain-of-custody (COC) forms including: sampler’s name, phone number, date and time of sample collection, sample identification, requested analysis, and project name or number ADMINISTRATIVE Ensure the SWPPP is signed by a person meeting the certification requirements of Permit Part VIII.J Include a copy of AZPDES permit (AZG2008-001) with the SWPPP Include a copy of the completed NOI form that was submitted to ADEQ Include a copy of the authorization certificate received from ADEQ Identify any city or county which received a copy of the authorization certificate Include copies of other agreements with any state, local or federal agencies that would affect the provisions or implementation of the SWPPP, if applicable (404 permits, local grading permits, etc.) AZPDES Construction SWPPP Checklist 6 May 2008 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County B.2 Appendix B: Forms EPA Permit Waiver August 2009 B-7 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-8 August 2009 See page three for instructions Form Approved OMB No. 2040-0211 United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460 NPDES FORM Low Erosivity Waiver Certification This form provides notice to EPA that you, the project operator identified in Section I of this form, are certifying that construction activity at the project site identified in Section II, will take place during a period when the rainfall erosivity factor is less than five [40 CFR 122.26(b)(15)(i)(A)]. By submitting a complete and accurate form, the otherwise applicable NPDES permitting requirements for stormwater discharges associated with construction activity, are waived. Based on your certification, a waiver is granted for the period beginning on the date this Low Erosivity Waiver Form is mailed to EPA (i.e., postmark date), or the project start date specified in Part III of this form, whichever shall occur last, and ending on the project completion date specified in Part III. Refer to the instructions at the end of this form for more details. I. Operator Information Company Name: IRS Employer Identification Number (EIN): – Mailing Address: Street: City: State: Zip Code: - Zip Code: - Contact Name: Phone: - - - Fax (optional): - Email: II. Construction Project/Site Information Project/Site Name: Project Street/Location: City: State: County or similar government subdivision: Latitude and Longitude (Use one of three formats given, and specify the source) ° ΄ ˝ N 2. Degrees, minutes with 2 decimal places (e.g., 76° 30.75΄) ° . 3. Degrees, minutes with 4 decimal places (e.g., 76.5125°) . 1. Degrees, minutes, seconds (e.g., 76°, 30΄, 45˝) • Lat/Lon source? USGS topographic map Latitude: EPA Web siting tool GPS ° ΄ ˝ W ΄ N ° . ΄ W °N . Longitude: ° W Other (specify source): • If you used a USGS topographic map, what is the scale? • Horizontal Reference Datum? NAD 27 • Is the project located on Indian country? NAD 83 or WGS 84 Yes Unknown No If yes, enter Indian reservation name • Is the project a federal facility or part of a federal facility? Yes No • Is the project located in the State of Oklahoma and associated with oil and gas exploration, drilling, operations, and pipelines (includes SIC Groups 13 and 46, and SIC codes 492 and 5171)? Yes No • Is the project located in the State of Oklahoma and associated with agricultural production, services and silviculture (includes SIC Groups 01, 02, 07, 08 and 09)? Yes No • Is the project located in the State of Texas and associated with the exploration, development, or production of oil or gas or geothermal Yes resources, including transportation or crude oil or natural gas by pipeline? No Estimated Area to be Disturbed (to the nearest quarter acre): EPA Form 7500-62 (Rev. 11/08) - III. Rainfall Erosivity Factor Calculation Data / Project Start Date: Month / / Project Completion Date: Day Year Month / Day Year Are interim non-vegetative site stabilization measures used to establish the project completion date for purposes of obtaining this waiver? No Yes Rainfall erosivity factor (R factor): . Note: To qualify for this waiver, the construction activity must take place during a period when the R factor is less than five. Rainfall erosivity factor was calculated by using: Online calculator EPA Fact Sheet 3-1 USDA Handbook 703 IV. Operator Certification I certify under penalty of law that: (1) construction activity at the project or site specified in Part II shall disturb less than five acres and shall take place during a period when the rainfall erosivity factor is less than five, (2) final stabilization will be completed as defined in the Construction General Permit, and (3) this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations. Further, if interim non-vegetative measures are used to establish the end of the construction period for the purposes of obtaining this waiver, I commit to periodically inspect and properly maintain the area until the criteria for final vegetative stabilization have been met. Print Name: Print Title: Signature: / Date: Month Email: EPA Form 7500-62 (Rev. 11/08) / Day Year Instructions for Completing EPA Form 7500-62 (Rev. 11/08) Low Erosivity Waiver Certification NPDES Form Who May Qualify for a Low Erosivity Waiver Under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Program, operators of construction projects that result in land disturbances equal to or greater than one acre, including sites that are less than one acre but are part of a larger common plan of development or sale where there is a cumulative disturbance of at least one acre, are required to obtain coverage under an NPDES permit for stormwater discharges associated with construction activity. EPA may waive the otherwise applicable permit requirements for stormwater discharges from construction activities that disturb less than five acres if the construction activity will take place during a period when the rainfall erosivity factor (R factor) is less than five. More information on the low erosivity waiver is available on the web in the Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Fact Sheet at www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/fact3-1.pdf and can be accessed from www.epa.gov/npdes/cgp. For questions related to completion of this form, you may contact EPA’s Stormwater Notice Processing Center toll free at 1-866-352-7755. Completing the Form Type or print, using uppercase letters, in the appropriate areas only. Please place each character between the marks. Abbreviate if necessary to stay within the number of characters allowed for each item. Use only one space for breaks between words, but not for punctuation marks unless they are needed to clarify your response. Please submit the original form with a signature in ink. EPA will not accept a photocopied signature. Section I. Operator Information Each legal entity that meets EPA’s definition of “operator” (see definitions in Appendix A of EPA’s NPDES Construction General Permit) and that meets the eligibility conditions for the low erosivity waiver must file this form to have the permit requirements waived. The operator is the legal entity that either (1) has operational control over construction plans and specifications, including the ability to make modifications to those plans and specifications, or (2) has day-to-day operational control of some or all of those activities. It is possible that there will be more than one operator at a site and, in such cases, each entity that meets the operator definition must complete a Low Erosivity Waiver Certification. Provide the legal name of your firm, public organization, or other entity that operates the project described in this waiver certification. Usually this will be a company or organization’s name but for construction activities undertaken by you as an individual, this should be your name. Provide the operator’s Internal Revenue Service (IRS) employer identification number (EIN), commonly referred to as the “taxpayer ID.” If you are completing this form as an individual (i.e., not representing a company or organization), enter “NA” in the space provided for EIN. Enter the operator’s complete mailing address and name of contact person, telephone number and email who can answer questions about the site (e.g., a project or site manager). Optional: to facilitate communication, provide a fax number for the contact person. To determine whether EPA is the permitting authority for the construction project, and thus has authority to waive the otherwise applicable requirements of the Construction General Permit, it is necessary to know whether the project is located in Indian country, is a federal facility or part of a federal facility; and to answer the other three questions on projects located in Oklahoma and Texas. EPA Form 7500-62 (Rev. 11/08) Form Approved OMB No. 2040-0211 Section II. Construction Project/Site Information Enter the official or legal name and complete street address, including city, state, zip code, and county or similar government subdivision of the project or site. If the project lacks a street address, indicate the general location of the site (e.g., intersection of State Highways 61 and 34). The applicant must also provide the latitude and longitude of the approximate center of the project/site using one of three formats given in the form. The latitude and longitude of your facility can be determined from several sources, including global positioning system (GPS) receivers, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic or quadrangle maps, and EPA's Web-based siting tool, among others. Information on using these methods to find your construction site’s latitude and longitude is available on the web at www.epa.gov/npdes/cgp. This web page describes EPA’s web-based siting tool, which combines interactive maps and aerial photographs to help find your construction site’s latitude and longitude. Specify which source you used to determine latitude and longitude. If a USGS topographic map is used, specify the scale of the map used. Enter the horizontal reference datum for your latitude and longitude. The 1927 North American Datum (NAD 27) is a set of ellipsoid constants that describe the earth’s shape and are used to calculate locations on the earth’s latitude-longitude grid. This 1927 datum provides the mathematical basis for latitude and longitude coordinates on most USGS topographic maps. However, this datum is being phased out. Latitude and longitude on new or revised maps are now being calculated using the 1983 North American Datum (NAD 83), which is based on a newer definition of the earth ellipsoid. The World Geodetic System datum (WGS 84) was developed for the Department of Defense (DOD), who wanted a new coordinate system for the entire earth not just North America. DOD was willing to sacrifice a little accuracy in North America to get a better world system. For our purposes we don’t have to be concerned about WGS 84 to NAD 83 coordinate conversions because the differences are negligible. The horizontal reference datum used on USGS topographic maps is shown on the bottom left corner of USGS topographic maps; it is also available for GPS receivers; but it is not provided on EPA’s web-based siting tool. If you use EPA's web siting tool, please check the “unknown” box. NAD 83 is the most accurate reference datum and, as such, is preferred. Enter the area (estimated to the nearest quarter acre) to be disturbed including, but not limited to: grubbing, excavation, grading, and utilities and infrastructure installation. Note: 1 acre = 43,560 sq. ft. Section III. Rainfall Erosivity Factor Calculation Data The construction period begins with the initial earth disturbance and ends with final site stabilization. To qualify for this waiver, the rainfall erosivity factor for the project must be less than five during the entire construction period. Specify the construction period by entering the project start date (date of initial earth disturbance) and project completion date (date of final site stabilization). For example, a grading contractor that is operating on-site for only one week during a nine month construction project, must enter the start date and completion date of the entire nine month construction period. Instructions for Completing EPA Form 7500-62 (Rev. 11/08) Low Erosivity Waiver Certification NPDES Form EPA believes, where the environmental threat is low (i.e., in arid and semi-arid climates), that “final stabilization” can include techniques that employ re-vegetation combined with other stabilization measures, consisting of temporary degradeable rolled erosion control products, also known as “erosion control blankets (ECBs). With proper selection, design, and installation of the combination re-vegetation/ECB technique in arid or semi-arid areas, an operator can be considered to have achieved final stabilization upon completion of the installation process. Note that if more than three years is required to establish 70 percent of the natural vegetative cover, this technique cannot be used or cited for fulfillment of the final stabilization requirement. If your waiver is based on use of interim non-vegetative stabilization measures, such as erosion control blankets, to establish the end of the construction period, you must indicate so on this form. In doing so, you must commit and certify (as a condition of waiver eligibility) to periodically inspect and properly maintain the area until the criteria for final stabilization, as defined in the Construction General Permit, have been met. The rainfall erosivity factor "R" is determined in accordance with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agriculture Handbook Number 703, Prediciting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Chapter 2 pages 21-64, dated January 1997. EPA's Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Fact Sheet (EPA 833-F-00-014), available online at www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/fact3-1.pdf, defines rainfall erosivity and provides numerical examples showing how to calculate your rainfall erosivity factor. You may use the fact sheet approach or the online rainfall erosivity factor calculator available at: http://ei.tamu.edu to calculate your rainfall erosivity factor for your project. If the R factor is five or greater during the project’s construction period, you must have or obtain coverage under an NPDES stormwater permit. If the project was eligible for the waiver during the original construction period, but the construction activity will extend past the project completion date specified in the Low Erosivity Waiver Certification, the operator must recalculate the R factor using the original start date and a new project completion date. If the recalculated R factor is still less than five, a new waiver certification form must be submitted before the end of the original construction period. If the new R factor is five or greater, the operator must submit a Notice of Intent to be covered by the Construction General Permit before the original project completion date. The Notice of Intent (NOI) form may be submitted electronically using EPA’s eNOI system at www.epa.gov/npdes/enoi or submitted by mailing the paper NOI form (EPA Form 3510-9) available on the EPA website at www.epa.gov/npdes/cgp. Section IV. Operator Certification All Low Erosivity Waiver Certification forms must be signed as follows: For a corporation: By a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Section, a responsible corporate officer means: (i) president, secretary, treasurer, or vice president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy-or decision-making functions for the corporation, or (ii) the manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities, provided the manager is authorized to make management decisions which EPA Form 7500-62 (Rev. 11/08) Form Approved OMB No. 2040-0211 govern the operation of the regulated facility including having the explicit or implicit duty of making major capital investment recommendations, and initiating and directing other comprehensive measures to assure long-term environmental compliance with environmental laws and regulations; the manager can ensure the necessary systems are established or actions taken to gather complete and accurate information for permit application requirements; and where authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures; For a partnership or sole proprietorship: By a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or For a municipality, state, federal, or other public facility: By either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For purposes of this Section, a principal executive officer of a federal agency includes (i) the chief executive officer of the agency, or (ii) a senior executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g., Regional Administrator of EPA). Include the name, title, and email address of the person signing the form and the signature date. An unsigned or undated Low Erosivity Waiver Certification will not be considered valid. Where to File This Form Low Erosivity Waiver Certification forms must be sent to one of the following two addresses. Regular U.S. Mail Delivery EPA Stormwater Notice Processing Center Mail Code 4203M U.S. EPA 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 Overnight/Express Mail Delivery EPA Stormwater Notice Processing Center Room 7420 U.S. EPA 1201 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004 Please submit the original form with a signature in ink. Do not send a photocopied signature! Paperwork Reduction Act Notice Public reporting burden for this certification form is estimated to average 1.0 hours. This estimate includes time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Send comments regarding the burden estimate, any other aspect of the collection of information, or suggestions for improving this form, including any suggestions which may increase or reduce this burden to: Chief, Information Strategies Branch (2822T), U.S. Environmental Protection, Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20460. Include the OMB control number on any correspondence. Do not send the completed form to this address. See page three for instructions Form Approved OMB No. 2040-0211 United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460 NPDES FORM Low Erosivity Waiver Certification This form provides notice to EPA that you, the project operator identified in Section I of this form, are certifying that construction activity at the project site identified in Section II, will take place during a period when the rainfall erosivity factor is less than five [40 CFR 122.26(b)(15)(i)(A)]. By submitting a complete and accurate form, the otherwise applicable NPDES permitting requirements for stormwater discharges associated with construction activity, are waived. Based on your certification, a waiver is granted for the period beginning on the date this Low Erosivity Waiver Form is mailed to EPA (i.e., postmark date), or the project start date specified in Part III of this form, whichever shall occur last, and ending on the project completion date specified in Part III. Refer to the instructions at the end of this form for more details. I. Operator Information Company Name: IRS Employer Identification Number (EIN): – Mailing Address: Street: City: State: Zip Code: - Zip Code: - Contact Name: Phone: - - - Fax (optional): - Email: II. Construction Project/Site Information Project/Site Name: Project Street/Location: City: State: County or similar government subdivision: Latitude and Longitude (Use one of three formats given, and specify the source) ° ΄ ˝ N 2. Degrees, minutes with 2 decimal places (e.g., 76° 30.75΄) ° . 3. Degrees, minutes with 4 decimal places (e.g., 76.5125°) . 1. Degrees, minutes, seconds (e.g., 76°, 30΄, 45˝) • Lat/Lon source? USGS topographic map Latitude: EPA Web siting tool GPS ° ΄ ˝ W ΄ N ° . ΄ W °N . Longitude: ° W Other (specify source): • If you used a USGS topographic map, what is the scale? • Horizontal Reference Datum? NAD 27 • Is the project located on Indian country? NAD 83 or WGS 84 Yes Unknown No If yes, enter Indian reservation name • Is the project a federal facility or part of a federal facility? Yes No • Is the project located in the State of Oklahoma and associated with oil and gas exploration, drilling, operations, and pipelines (includes SIC Groups 13 and 46, and SIC codes 492 and 5171)? Yes No • Is the project located in the State of Oklahoma and associated with agricultural production, services and silviculture (includes SIC Groups 01, 02, 07, 08 and 09)? Yes No • Is the project located in the State of Texas and associated with the exploration, development, or production of oil or gas or geothermal Yes resources, including transportation or crude oil or natural gas by pipeline? No Estimated Area to be Disturbed (to the nearest quarter acre): EPA Form 7500-62 (Rev. 11/08) - III. Rainfall Erosivity Factor Calculation Data / Project Start Date: Month / / Project Completion Date: Day Year Month / Day Year Are interim non-vegetative site stabilization measures used to establish the project completion date for purposes of obtaining this waiver? No Yes Rainfall erosivity factor (R factor): . Note: To qualify for this waiver, the construction activity must take place during a period when the R factor is less than five. Rainfall erosivity factor was calculated by using: Online calculator EPA Fact Sheet 3-1 USDA Handbook 703 IV. Operator Certification I certify under penalty of law that: (1) construction activity at the project or site specified in Part II shall disturb less than five acres and shall take place during a period when the rainfall erosivity factor is less than five, (2) final stabilization will be completed as defined in the Construction General Permit, and (3) this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations. Further, if interim non-vegetative measures are used to establish the end of the construction period for the purposes of obtaining this waiver, I commit to periodically inspect and properly maintain the area until the criteria for final vegetative stabilization have been met. Print Name: Print Title: Signature: / Date: Month Email: EPA Form 7500-62 (Rev. 11/08) / Day Year Instructions for Completing EPA Form 7500-62 (Rev. 11/08) Low Erosivity Waiver Certification NPDES Form Who May Qualify for a Low Erosivity Waiver Under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Program, operators of construction projects that result in land disturbances equal to or greater than one acre, including sites that are less than one acre but are part of a larger common plan of development or sale where there is a cumulative disturbance of at least one acre, are required to obtain coverage under an NPDES permit for stormwater discharges associated with construction activity. EPA may waive the otherwise applicable permit requirements for stormwater discharges from construction activities that disturb less than five acres if the construction activity will take place during a period when the rainfall erosivity factor (R factor) is less than five. More information on the low erosivity waiver is available on the web in the Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Fact Sheet at www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/fact3-1.pdf and can be accessed from www.epa.gov/npdes/cgp. For questions related to completion of this form, you may contact EPA’s Stormwater Notice Processing Center toll free at 1-866-352-7755. Completing the Form Type or print, using uppercase letters, in the appropriate areas only. Please place each character between the marks. Abbreviate if necessary to stay within the number of characters allowed for each item. Use only one space for breaks between words, but not for punctuation marks unless they are needed to clarify your response. Please submit the original form with a signature in ink. EPA will not accept a photocopied signature. Section I. Operator Information Each legal entity that meets EPA’s definition of “operator” (see definitions in Appendix A of EPA’s NPDES Construction General Permit) and that meets the eligibility conditions for the low erosivity waiver must file this form to have the permit requirements waived. The operator is the legal entity that either (1) has operational control over construction plans and specifications, including the ability to make modifications to those plans and specifications, or (2) has day-to-day operational control of some or all of those activities. It is possible that there will be more than one operator at a site and, in such cases, each entity that meets the operator definition must complete a Low Erosivity Waiver Certification. Provide the legal name of your firm, public organization, or other entity that operates the project described in this waiver certification. Usually this will be a company or organization’s name but for construction activities undertaken by you as an individual, this should be your name. Provide the operator’s Internal Revenue Service (IRS) employer identification number (EIN), commonly referred to as the “taxpayer ID.” If you are completing this form as an individual (i.e., not representing a company or organization), enter “NA” in the space provided for EIN. Enter the operator’s complete mailing address and name of contact person, telephone number and email who can answer questions about the site (e.g., a project or site manager). Optional: to facilitate communication, provide a fax number for the contact person. To determine whether EPA is the permitting authority for the construction project, and thus has authority to waive the otherwise applicable requirements of the Construction General Permit, it is necessary to know whether the project is located in Indian country, is a federal facility or part of a federal facility; and to answer the other three questions on projects located in Oklahoma and Texas. EPA Form 7500-62 (Rev. 11/08) Form Approved OMB No. 2040-0211 Section II. Construction Project/Site Information Enter the official or legal name and complete street address, including city, state, zip code, and county or similar government subdivision of the project or site. If the project lacks a street address, indicate the general location of the site (e.g., intersection of State Highways 61 and 34). The applicant must also provide the latitude and longitude of the approximate center of the project/site using one of three formats given in the form. The latitude and longitude of your facility can be determined from several sources, including global positioning system (GPS) receivers, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic or quadrangle maps, and EPA's Web-based siting tool, among others. Information on using these methods to find your construction site’s latitude and longitude is available on the web at www.epa.gov/npdes/cgp. This web page describes EPA’s web-based siting tool, which combines interactive maps and aerial photographs to help find your construction site’s latitude and longitude. Specify which source you used to determine latitude and longitude. If a USGS topographic map is used, specify the scale of the map used. Enter the horizontal reference datum for your latitude and longitude. The 1927 North American Datum (NAD 27) is a set of ellipsoid constants that describe the earth’s shape and are used to calculate locations on the earth’s latitude-longitude grid. This 1927 datum provides the mathematical basis for latitude and longitude coordinates on most USGS topographic maps. However, this datum is being phased out. Latitude and longitude on new or revised maps are now being calculated using the 1983 North American Datum (NAD 83), which is based on a newer definition of the earth ellipsoid. The World Geodetic System datum (WGS 84) was developed for the Department of Defense (DOD), who wanted a new coordinate system for the entire earth not just North America. DOD was willing to sacrifice a little accuracy in North America to get a better world system. For our purposes we don’t have to be concerned about WGS 84 to NAD 83 coordinate conversions because the differences are negligible. The horizontal reference datum used on USGS topographic maps is shown on the bottom left corner of USGS topographic maps; it is also available for GPS receivers; but it is not provided on EPA’s web-based siting tool. If you use EPA's web siting tool, please check the “unknown” box. NAD 83 is the most accurate reference datum and, as such, is preferred. Enter the area (estimated to the nearest quarter acre) to be disturbed including, but not limited to: grubbing, excavation, grading, and utilities and infrastructure installation. Note: 1 acre = 43,560 sq. ft. Section III. Rainfall Erosivity Factor Calculation Data The construction period begins with the initial earth disturbance and ends with final site stabilization. To qualify for this waiver, the rainfall erosivity factor for the project must be less than five during the entire construction period. Specify the construction period by entering the project start date (date of initial earth disturbance) and project completion date (date of final site stabilization). For example, a grading contractor that is operating on-site for only one week during a nine month construction project, must enter the start date and completion date of the entire nine month construction period. Instructions for Completing EPA Form 7500-62 (Rev. 11/08) Low Erosivity Waiver Certification NPDES Form EPA believes, where the environmental threat is low (i.e., in arid and semi-arid climates), that “final stabilization” can include techniques that employ re-vegetation combined with other stabilization measures, consisting of temporary degradeable rolled erosion control products, also known as “erosion control blankets (ECBs). With proper selection, design, and installation of the combination re-vegetation/ECB technique in arid or semi-arid areas, an operator can be considered to have achieved final stabilization upon completion of the installation process. Note that if more than three years is required to establish 70 percent of the natural vegetative cover, this technique cannot be used or cited for fulfillment of the final stabilization requirement. If your waiver is based on use of interim non-vegetative stabilization measures, such as erosion control blankets, to establish the end of the construction period, you must indicate so on this form. In doing so, you must commit and certify (as a condition of waiver eligibility) to periodically inspect and properly maintain the area until the criteria for final stabilization, as defined in the Construction General Permit, have been met. The rainfall erosivity factor "R" is determined in accordance with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agriculture Handbook Number 703, Prediciting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Chapter 2 pages 21-64, dated January 1997. EPA's Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Fact Sheet (EPA 833-F-00-014), available online at www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/fact3-1.pdf, defines rainfall erosivity and provides numerical examples showing how to calculate your rainfall erosivity factor. You may use the fact sheet approach or the online rainfall erosivity factor calculator available at: http://ei.tamu.edu to calculate your rainfall erosivity factor for your project. If the R factor is five or greater during the project’s construction period, you must have or obtain coverage under an NPDES stormwater permit. If the project was eligible for the waiver during the original construction period, but the construction activity will extend past the project completion date specified in the Low Erosivity Waiver Certification, the operator must recalculate the R factor using the original start date and a new project completion date. If the recalculated R factor is still less than five, a new waiver certification form must be submitted before the end of the original construction period. If the new R factor is five or greater, the operator must submit a Notice of Intent to be covered by the Construction General Permit before the original project completion date. The Notice of Intent (NOI) form may be submitted electronically using EPA’s eNOI system at www.epa.gov/npdes/enoi or submitted by mailing the paper NOI form (EPA Form 3510-9) available on the EPA website at www.epa.gov/npdes/cgp. Section IV. Operator Certification All Low Erosivity Waiver Certification forms must be signed as follows: For a corporation: By a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Section, a responsible corporate officer means: (i) president, secretary, treasurer, or vice president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy-or decision-making functions for the corporation, or (ii) the manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities, provided the manager is authorized to make management decisions which EPA Form 7500-62 (Rev. 11/08) Form Approved OMB No. 2040-0211 govern the operation of the regulated facility including having the explicit or implicit duty of making major capital investment recommendations, and initiating and directing other comprehensive measures to assure long-term environmental compliance with environmental laws and regulations; the manager can ensure the necessary systems are established or actions taken to gather complete and accurate information for permit application requirements; and where authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures; For a partnership or sole proprietorship: By a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or For a municipality, state, federal, or other public facility: By either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For purposes of this Section, a principal executive officer of a federal agency includes (i) the chief executive officer of the agency, or (ii) a senior executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g., Regional Administrator of EPA). Include the name, title, and email address of the person signing the form and the signature date. An unsigned or undated Low Erosivity Waiver Certification will not be considered valid. Where to File This Form Low Erosivity Waiver Certification forms must be sent to one of the following two addresses. Regular U.S. Mail Delivery EPA Stormwater Notice Processing Center Mail Code 4203M U.S. EPA 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 Overnight/Express Mail Delivery EPA Stormwater Notice Processing Center Room 7420 U.S. EPA 1201 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004 Please submit the original form with a signature in ink. Do not send a photocopied signature! Paperwork Reduction Act Notice Public reporting burden for this certification form is estimated to average 1.0 hours. This estimate includes time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Send comments regarding the burden estimate, any other aspect of the collection of information, or suggestions for improving this form, including any suggestions which may increase or reduce this burden to: Chief, Information Strategies Branch (2822T), U.S. Environmental Protection, Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20460. Include the OMB control number on any correspondence. Do not send the completed form to this address. Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County B.3 Appendix B: Forms Erosivity Fact Sheet August 2009 B-9 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-10 August 2009 United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water (4203) EPA 833-F-00-014 January 2001 Fact Sheet 3.1 Storm Water Phase II Final Rule Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Storm Water Phase II Final Rule Fact Sheet Series Overview 1.0 – Storm Water Phase II Proposed Rule Overview Small MS4 Program 2.0 – Small MS4 Storm Water Program Overview 2.1 – Who’s Covered? Designation and Waivers of Regulated Small MS4s 2.2 – Urbanized Areas: Definition and Description Minimum Control Measures 2.3 – Public Education and Outreach 2.4 – Public Participation/ Involvement 2.5 – Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination 2.6 – Construction Site Runoff Control 2.7 – Post-Construction Runoff Control 2.8 – Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping 2.9 – Permitting and Reporting: The Process and Requirements 2.10 – Federal and StateOperated MS4s: Program Implementation Construction Program 3.0 – Construction Program Overview 3.1 – Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Industrial “No Exposure” 4.0 – Conditional No Exposure Exclusion for Industrial Activity T he 1972 amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, later referred to as the Clean Water Act (CWA), prohibit the discharge of any pollutant to navigable waters of the United States unless the discharge is authorized by a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. Because construction site storm water runoff can contribute significantly to water quality problems, the Phase I Storm Water Rule imposed a requirement that all construction sites with a planned land disturbance of 5 acres or more obtain an NPDES permit and implement storm water runoff control plans. Phase II extends the requirements of the storm water program to sites of between 1 and 5 acres. The Rainfall erosivity waiver, along with the water quality waiver, allows permitting authorities to waive those sites that do not have adverse water quality impacts. What is Erosivity? E rosivity is the term used to describe the potential for soil to wash off disturbed, devegetated earth into waterways during storms. The potential for erosion is in part determined by the soil type and geology of the site. For instance, dense, clay-like soils on a glacial plain will erode less readily when it rains than will sandy soils on the side of a hill. Another important factor is the amount and force of precipitation expected during the time the earth will be exposed. While it is impossible to predict the weather several months in advance of construction, for many areas of the country, there are definite optimal periods, such as a dry season when rain tends to fall less frequently and with less force. When feasible, this is the time to disturb the earth, so that the site is stabilized by the time the seasonal wet weather returns. There are many other important factors to consider in determining erosivity, such as freeze/thaw cycles and snow pack. How Is Site Erosivity Determined? T he method for determining if a site qualifies for the erosivity waiver is based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in the 1950s to help farmers conserve their valuable topsoil. The USLE has been updated to the Revised USLE (RUSLE). Using a computer model supported by decades worth of soil and rainfall data, USDA established estimates of annual erosivity values (R) for sites throughout the country. These R factors are used as surrogate measures of the impact that rainfall had on erosion from a particular site. They have been mapped using isoerodent contours, as shown in Figures 2 through 5. USDA developed the Erosivity Index Table (EI Table, provided here in Table 1), to show how the annual erosivity factor is distributed throughout the year in two-week increments. Table 1 is based on 120 rainfall distribution zones for the continental U.S. Detailed instructions for calculating a project R Factor are provided later in this fact sheet. The Storm Water Phase II rule allows permitting authorities to waive NPDES requirements for small construction sites if the value of the rainfall erosivity factor is less than 5 during the period of construction activity (see § 122.26(b)(15)(i)(A)). Note that the permitting authority has the option to not allow waivers for small construction activity. If the permitting authority in a State chooses to use the rainfall erosivity waiver, it will not become effective until permits are required from small construction activity. Fact Sheet 3.1 - Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver If the R Factor for the period of construction calculates to 5 or lower, and the permitting authority allows the use of the waiver, the site owner may apply for a waiver under the low rainfall erosivity provision of the applicable NPDES Construction General Permit. When applying, owners are encouraged to consider other site-specific factors, such as proximity to water resources and the sensitivity of receiving waters to sedimentation impacts. The small construction operator must certify to the permitting authority that the construction activity will take place during a period when the rainfall erosivity factor is less than 5. The start and end dates used for the construction activity will be the initial date of disturbance and the anticipated date when the site will have achieved final stabilization as defined by the permit. If the construction continues beyond this period, the operator will need to recalculate the EI for the site based on this new ending date (but keeping the old start date) and either resubmit the certification form or apply for NPDES permit coverage. What Other Factors Can Affect Waiver Availability and Eligibility? E PA has established the R Factor of 5 or lower as the criteria for determining waiver eligibility. However, since the intent is to waive only those construction activities that will not adversely impact water quality, State and Tribal permitting authorities have considerable discretion in determining where, when, and how to offer it. They can establish an R Factor threshold lower than 5, or they can suspend the waiver within an area where watersheds are known to be heavily impacted by, or sensitive to, sedimentation. They can also suspend the waiver during certain periods of the year. They may opt not to offer the waiver at all. NOTE: This waiver is not available to sites that will disturb more than 5 acres of land (large construction). What if My Site Is Not Eligible? I f your site is not eligible for a waiver, you must submit a Notice of Intent under the NPDES General Permit, and comply with its requirements. These requirements are described in more detail in Storm Water Phase II Fact Sheet 3.0. How Do I Compute the R Factor for My Project? 1. Estimate the construction start date. This is the day you expect to begin disturbing soils, including grubbing, stockpiling, excavating, and grading activities. Pick the 15day period for your start date (e.g., June 1-15.) 2. Estimate the day you expect to have a permanent vegetative cover of at least 70%, or as defined by your permitting authority, over all previous disturbed areas. Round to the nearest 15-day period. Page 2 3. Refer to Figure 1 to find your Erosivity Index (EI) Zone based on your geographic location. 4. Refer to Table 1, the Erosivity Index (EI) Table. Find the number of your EI Zone in the left column. Locate the EI values for the 15-day periods that correspond to the project start and end periods you identified in Steps 1 and 2. Subtract the start value from the end value to find the % EI for your site. The maximum annual EI value for a project is 100%. 5. Refer to the appropriate Isoerodent Map (Figures 2 through 5). Interpolate the annual isoerodent value for your area. This is the annual R Factor for your site. 6. Multiply the percent value obtained in Step 4 by the annual isoerodent value obtained in Step 5. This is the R Factor for your scheduled project. Examples 1. Construction started and completed in one calendar year. Find the R value of a construction site in Denver, Colorado. Assume the site will be disturbed from March 1 to May 15. The EI distribution zone is 84 (Figure 1). Referring to Table 1, the project period will span from March 1 to May 15. The difference in values between these two periods is 4.7 % (4.9-0.2 =4.7). Since the annual erosion index for this location is about 45 (interpolated from Figure 2), the R Factor for the scheduled construction project is 4.7% of 45, or 2.1. Because 2.1 is less than 5, the operator of this site would be able to seek a waiver under the low rainfall erosivity provision. 2. Construction spanning two calendar years. Find the R value for a construction site in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Assume the site will be disturbed from August 1 to April 15. The EI distribution zone is 111 (Figure 1). Referring to Table 1, the project will span from August 1 to April 15. The difference in values between August 1 and December 30 is 35% (100- 65.0 = 35.0). The difference between January 1 and April 15 is 8%. The total percentage EI for this project is 43% (35 + 8). Since the annual erosion index for this location is 112 (interpolated from Figure 2), the R Factor for the scheduled construction is 43% of 112, or 48. Since 48 is greater than 5, the operator of this site would not be able to seek a waiver under the low rainfall erosivity provision. Fact Sheet 3.1 - Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Page 3 Can I Use A Personal Computer to Calculate the R Factor? T he computer program used by USDA to develop the current R Factor maps and table is called the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, or RUSLE. The current version of RUSLE (v. 1.60) will calculate the R factor for the entire year for a limited number of cities in the U.S., but does not allow the R factor to be easily adjusted based on a shorter period of construction. If you are interested in using RUSLE; Version 1.06 for Mined Lands, Construction Sites, and Reclaimed Lands, is downloadable free of charge from the Internet at http://www.sedlab.olemiss.edu/rusle. Where Can I Get Help? ” ” A copy of “Chapter 2, Rainfall-Runoff Erosivity Factor (R)” from the USDA Handbook 703 - Predicting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning With the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), January 1997, is available on EPA’s web site at http://www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater. Your local soil conservation district office can provide assistance with R Factors and other conservation-related issues. To find the office nearest you, look in the government section of the phone book under soil conservation district, conservation district, natural resource conservation district, etc. For Additional Information Reference Documents L Storm Water Phase II Final Rule Fact Sheet Series • Internet: cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/swfinal.cfm L Storm Water Phase II Final Rule(64 FR 68722) • Internet: www.epa.gov/npdes/regulations/phase2.pdf • Contact the U.S. EPA Water Resource Center • Phone: (202) 564-9545 L Agricultural Handbook Number 703, Predicting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning With the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Chapter 2, pp. 21-64, January 1997. • Internet: www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/ruslech2.pdf Fact Sheet 3.1 - Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Figure 1. Erosivity Index Zone Map Page 4 Fact Sheet 3.1 - Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Figure 2. Isoerodent Map of the Eastern U.S. Note: Units for all maps on this page are are hundreds ftCtonfCin(acChCyr)-1 Page 5 Fact Sheet 3.1 - Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Figure 3. Isoerodent Map of the Western U.S. Note: Units for all maps on this page are are hundreds ftCtonfCin(acChCyr)-1 Page 6 Fact Sheet 3.1 - Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Figure 4. Isoerodent Map of California Note: Units for all maps on this page are are hundreds ftCtonfCin(acChCyr)-1 Page 7 Fact Sheet 3.1 - Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Figure 5. Isoerodent Map of Oregon and Washington Note: Units for all maps on this page are are hundreds ftCtonfCin(acChCyr)-1 Page 8 EI as a percentage of Average Annual R Value Computed for Geographic Areas Shown in Figure 1 EI# Jan Jan Feb Feb Mar Mar Apr Apr May May Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec Dec 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1 0.0 4.3 8.3 12.8 17.3 21.6 25.1 28.0 30.9 34.9 39.1 42.6 45.4 48.2 50.8 53.0 56.0 60.8 66.8 71.0 75.7 82.0 89.1 95.2 2 0.0 4.3 8.3 12.8 17.3 21.6 25.1 28.0 30.9 34.9 39.1 42.6 45.4 48.2 50.8 53.0 56.0 60.8 66.8 71.0 75.7 82.0 89.1 95.2 3 0.0 7.4 13.8 20.9 26.5 31.8 35.3 38.5 40.2 41.6 42.5 43.6 44.5 45.1 45.7 46.4 47.7 49.4 52.8 57.0 64.5 73.1 83.3 92.3 4 0.0 3.9 7.9 12.6 17.4 21.6 25.2 28.7 31.9 35.1 38.2 42.0 44.9 46.7 48.2 50.1 53.1 56.6 62.2 67.9 75.2 83.5 90.5 96.0 5 0.0 2.3 3.6 4.7 6.0 7.7 10.7 13.9 17.8 21.2 24.5 28.1 31.1 33.1 35.3 38.2 43.2 48.7 57.3 67.8 77.9 86.0 91.3 96.9 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.0 4.1 8.1 12.6 17.6 21.6 25.5 29.6 34.5 40.0 45.7 50.7 55.6 60.2 66.5 75.5 85.6 95.9 99.5 99.9 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 4.9 8.5 13.9 19.0 26.1 35.4 43.9 48.8 53.9 64.5 73.4 77.5 80.4 84.8 89.9 96.6 99.2 99.7 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 3.6 7.8 15.0 20.2 27.4 38.1 49.8 57.9 65.0 75.6 82.7 86.8 89.4 93.4 96.3 99.1 100.0 100.0 9 0.0 0.8 3.1 4.7 7.4 11.7 17.8 22.5 27.0 31.4 36.0 41.6 46.4 50.1 53.4 57.4 61.7 64.9 69.7 79.0 89.6 97.4 100.0 100.0 10 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.9 2.0 4.3 9.2 13.1 18.0 22.7 29.2 39.5 46.3 48.8 51.1 57.2 64.4 67.7 71.1 77.2 85.1 92.5 96.5 99.0 11 0.0 5.4 11.3 18.8 26.3 33.2 37.4 40.7 42.5 44.3 45.4 46.5 47.1 47.4 47.8 48.3 49.4 50.7 53.6 57.5 65.5 76.2 87.4 94.8 12 0.0 3.5 7.8 14.0 21.1 27.4 31.5 35.0 37.3 39.8 41.9 44.3 45.6 46.3 46.8 47.9 50.0 52.9 57.9 62.3 69.3 81.3 91.5 96.7 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 7.2 11.9 16.7 19.7 24.0 31.2 42.4 55.0 60.0 60.8 61.2 62.6 65.3 67.6 71.6 76.1 83.1 93.3 98.2 99.6 14 0.0 0.7 1.8 3.3 6.9 16.5 26.6 29.9 32.0 35.4 40.2 45.1 51.9 61.1 67.5 70.7 72.8 75.4 78.6 81.9 86.4 93.6 97.7 99.3 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.0 4.4 8.7 12.0 16.6 21.4 29.7 44.5 56.0 60.8 63.9 69.1 74.5 79.1 83.1 87.0 90.9 96.6 99.1 99.8 16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.0 5.5 12.3 16.2 20.9 26.4 35.2 48.1 58.1 63.1 66.5 71.9 77.0 81.6 85.1 88.4 91.5 96.3 98.7 99.6 17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.8 6.1 10.7 12.9 16.1 21.9 32.8 45.9 55.5 60.3 64.0 71.2 77.2 80.3 83.1 87.7 92.6 97.2 99.1 99.8 18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 2.5 6.2 12.4 16.4 20.2 23.9 29.3 37.7 45.6 49.8 53.3 58.4 64.3 69.0 75.0 86.6 93.9 96.6 98.0 100.0 19 0.0 1.0 2.6 7.4 16.4 23.5 28.0 31.0 33.5 37.0 41.7 48.1 51.1 52.0 52.5 53.6 55.7 57.6 61.1 65.8 74.7 88.0 95.8 98.7 20 0.0 9.8 18.5 25.4 30.2 35.6 38.9 41.5 42.9 44.0 45.2 48.2 50.8 51.7 52.5 54.6 57.4 58.5 60.1 63.2 69.6 76.7 85.4 92.4 21 0.0 7.5 13.6 18.1 21.1 24.4 27.0 29.4 31.7 34.6 37.3 39.6 41.6 43.4 45.4 48.1 51.3 53.3 56.6 62.4 72.4 81.3 88.9 94.7 22 0.0 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.2 3.9 4.6 6.4 14.2 32.8 47.2 58.8 69.1 76.0 82.0 87.1 96.7 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 23 0.0 7.9 15.0 20.9 25.7 31.1 35.7 40.2 43.2 46.2 47.7 48.8 49.4 49.9 50.7 51.8 54.1 57.7 62.8 65.9 70.1 77.3 86.8 93.5 24 0.0 12.2 23.6 33.0 39.7 47.1 51.7 55.9 57.7 58.6 58.9 59.1 59.1 59.2 59.2 59.3 59.5 60.0 61.4 63.0 66.5 71.8 81.3 89.6 25 0.0 9.8 20.8 30.2 37.6 45.8 50.6 54.4 56.0 56.8 57.1 57.1 57.2 57.6 58.5 59.8 62.2 65.3 67.5 68.2 69.4 74.8 86.6 93.0 26 0.0 2.0 5.4 9.8 15.6 21.5 24.7 26.6 27.4 28.0 28.7 29.8 32.5 36.6 44.9 55.4 65.7 72.6 77.8 84.4 89.5 93.9 96.5 98.4 27 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 4.0 5.9 8.0 11.1 13.0 14.0 14.6 15.3 17.0 23.2 39.1 60.0 76.3 86.1 89.7 90.4 90.9 93.1 96.6 99.1 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.5 3.3 7.2 11.9 17.7 21.4 27.0 37.1 51.4 62.3 70.6 78.8 84.6 90.6 94.4 97.9 99.3 0.0 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.5 3.9 6.0 10.5 17.9 28.8 36.6 43.8 51.5 59.3 68.0 74.8 80.3 84.3 88.8 92.7 98.0 99.8 99.9 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.8 2.8 7.9 14.2 24.7 35.6 45.4 52.2 58.7 68.5 77.6 84.5 88.9 93.7 96.2 97.6 98.3 99.6 Page 9 28 29 Fact Sheet 3.1 - Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Table 1. Erosivity Index Table EI# Jan Jan Feb Feb Mar Mar Apr Apr May May Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec Dec 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 31 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 1 3.5 9.9 15.7 26.4 47.2 61.4 65.9 69 77.2 86 91.6 94.8 98.7 100 100 100 100 32 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 2.2 4.3 9 14.2 23.3 34.6 46.3 54.2 61.7 72.9 82.5 89.6 93.7 98.2 99.7 99.9 99.9 99.9 98.9 33 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 2.3 4.2 8.8 16.1 30 46.9 57.9 62.8 66.2 72.1 79.1 85.9 91.1 97 98.9 98.9 98.9 34 0 0 0 0 0 1.8 7.3 10.7 15.5 22 29.9 35.9 42 48.5 56.9 67 76.9 85.8 91.2 95.7 97.8 99.6 100 100 35 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 10.2 15.9 22.2 27.9 34.7 43.9 51.9 56.9 61.3 67.3 73.9 80.1 85.1 89.6 93.2 98.2 99.8 99.8 36 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 3.4 6.7 12.7 18.5 26.6 36.3 46 53.5 60.2 68.3 75.8 82.6 88.3 96.3 99.3 99.9 100 100 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3.9 9.1 19.1 26.7 36.3 47.9 61.4 75.1 84.5 92.3 96 99.1 100 100 100 100 38 0 0 0 1.1 4.3 7.2 11 13.9 17.9 22.3 30.3 43.1 55.1 61.3 65.7 72.1 77.9 82.6 86.3 90.3 93.8 98.4 100 100 39 0 0 0 0 0 1.6 6.5 11 17.8 24.7 33.1 42.8 50.3 54.9 59.7 68.9 78.1 83.6 87.5 93 96.5 99.2 100 100 40 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 6.2 10.1 16.3 23.3 32.5 42.2 50.1 55.6 60.5 67.5 74.3 79.4 84.1 91.1 95.8 99.1 100 100 99.7 41 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.1 6.8 22.9 40.1 54.9 63.8 70.7 81.5 89.8 96.3 98.7 99.2 99.3 99.4 99.4 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.9 5.2 17.3 33.8 53.2 66.5 75.9 87.6 93.7 97.5 99 99.7 100 100 100 100 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 2.7 9.5 21.9 42.7 58.6 71.1 84.6 91.9 97.1 99 99.8 100 100 100 100 44 0 1.7 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.7 3.5 7.6 18.5 34.3 52.5 64 72.3 83.3 90 95.1 97.3 98.5 98.9 98.9 98.9 99.2 45 0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.4 3.7 10.2 22.6 41.8 54 64.5 78.7 88.4 96 98.7 99.4 99.7 99.7 99.8 99.9 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 2.6 7.5 19.6 32.9 48.9 63 73.5 83.3 89.5 95.6 98.3 99.6 100 100 100 100 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 1.6 5.8 17 33 52.5 66.4 75.7 85.5 91.3 96.5 98.8 100 100 100 100 100 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8.1 15.4 27.8 40.7 52.6 61.1 69.3 82.6 92 98 100 100 100 100 49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 2.7 8.3 20 27.5 35.6 44.6 56 70.2 81.3 89.2 93.6 98.5 100 100 100 100 50 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 2.4 8.2 13.7 23.8 38.8 55.1 66.1 73.6 81.8 87.7 93.8 97 99.4 100 100 100 100 51 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 1 3.1 8.7 18.8 35.8 49.6 60.4 70.2 77 84 88.8 93.8 96.6 99.1 100 100 100 100 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 2.5 6.8 17.5 29.8 46.1 60.5 72.7 86 92.8 96.8 98.4 99.7 100 100 100 100 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 3 9.5 24.2 35.3 48 63.1 76.1 87.7 93.5 97.2 98.6 99.5 99.8 99.9 100 100 54 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.7 2.4 7.2 14.7 27.2 37.2 47.3 58.8 67.6 74 79.2 86.7 92.6 97.9 99.8 99.9 100 100 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3 5.4 13.3 25.5 31.6 38.8 52.5 66.8 75.5 81.2 87.9 92.8 98.3 100 100 100 100 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3 5.1 11.4 22.3 29.5 38.5 51.1 65.2 77.8 85.6 91.7 95 98.7 100 100 100 100 57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1 3.5 9.2 21.5 31 43.5 60.4 75.1 86.1 91.6 96.2 98.1 99.4 99.9 99.9 100 100 58 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.9 2.9 8 13.2 21 29.1 38 45.9 54.5 65.4 74.8 82.1 87.5 95.4 98.8 99.7 100 100 59 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2 8.9 15.6 24.2 31.1 38.3 46 54.9 64.2 73.2 81.9 88.5 95.7 98.6 99.4 99.7 99.7 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 1.5 4 9.5 13.3 20.5 33.6 52.8 66.5 76.7 88.1 94.2 98.6 100 100 100 100 Fact Sheet 3.1 - Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Table 1. Erosivity Index Table (cont.) Page 10 EI# Jan Jan Feb Feb Mar Mar Apr Apr May May Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec Dec 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3 5 8.5 15.5 29.8 41.8 46 49.2 56 65.1 71.6 78.6 91.1 97.3 99.3 100 100 62 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0.8 2.1 3.6 6.5 9.7 13.7 16.5 20.8 27.3 40.1 56.9 72.6 83.4 89.4 95.5 98.1 99.6 100 100 63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 3.7 7.8 13.3 15.8 19.9 29 46.8 64.7 78.3 88.8 93.9 98.5 100 100 100 100 64 0 0 0 0.7 2.8 7.4 12.4 14.4 15.6 17.3 19.4 21 24.4 32.3 48 61.4 72.1 81.9 87 90.1 92.4 98.1 100 100 65 0 3.6 7 9.6 11.4 13 14.4 16.3 17.7 18.4 19.3 20.5 23.6 32 50 66.2 77.2 85.4 88.8 90.4 91.3 92.7 94.8 97 66 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.5 1.1 2.2 3.6 6 7.6 11.1 19.8 38.9 59.7 74.4 83.2 88.1 94.6 97.7 99.4 100 100 67 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.4 0.9 1.6 1.9 2.4 5 12.1 24.8 48.3 73.6 86.5 92 94.3 96.6 97.9 99.5 100 100 68 0 2.3 4.5 7.8 10.4 12 13.3 16.3 17.7 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 19.9 24.5 35 54.4 69.4 78.6 85.7 89.2 91.9 93.9 97 69 0 2 3.7 5.7 7.8 10.5 12.4 13.7 14.3 14.7 15.1 15.7 17.1 22.7 36.7 50.4 63.6 75 81.8 87.8 90.8 93.2 94.9 97.5 70 0 0.5 0.7 1 1.3 1.7 2.2 2.8 3.4 3.9 4.7 5.4 7.4 15.7 36.5 55.8 70.3 80.9 86.4 90.9 93.4 96.4 98.1 99.4 98.8 71 0 0.7 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.8 3.3 3.6 4 4.5 5.6 6.5 9.1 18.5 40.6 59.7 74 86.3 91.7 94.7 96 96.7 97.3 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.8 1.3 3.5 9.9 24.7 51.4 71.5 83.6 93.8 97.7 99.2 99.8 99.9 99.9 100 73 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.3 4.1 11.5 18.1 28.3 40.2 54.1 67 77.2 87.7 93.3 97.5 99.1 99.6 99.8 100 74 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.2 2.7 6.4 10.2 18.4 31 50.7 68.7 81.2 91.6 96.1 98.4 99.2 99.8 100 100 75 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.3 1.9 3 4.1 6.6 10 17.6 28.3 44.7 59.4 71.6 83.9 90.3 94.7 96.7 98.8 99.6 99.9 76 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.3 2 3.5 4.9 8.4 17.4 37.3 57.5 72.9 83.7 89.5 95.8 98.4 99.6 100 100 77 0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.5 2 2.8 3.9 5.9 7.2 10.3 21.5 46.5 66.3 78.3 86.5 90.8 96 98.2 99.1 99.5 99.8 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.5 1.6 3.8 8.9 13.2 21.8 35.8 56.6 75.4 86 92.9 95.9 98.2 99.2 99.8 100 100 79 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.7 1.3 2.7 5.8 12.7 18.8 28.8 41.6 58.4 75.7 86.5 94.2 97.3 98.9 99.5 99.9 100 100 80 0 0.6 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.5 3.3 4.5 6.9 10.1 15.5 19.7 26.6 36.4 51.7 67.5 79.4 88.8 93.2 96.1 97.3 98.2 98.7 99.3 81 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.5 3.9 9.9 12.8 18.2 30.7 54.1 77.1 89 94.9 97.2 98.7 99.3 99.6 99.7 99.9 82 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.2 3.1 6.7 14.4 20.1 29.8 44.5 64.2 83.1 92.2 96.4 98.1 99.3 99.7 99.8 99.8 99.9 83 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.9 1.6 3.5 8.3 19.4 30 44 59.2 72.4 84.6 91.2 96.5 98.6 99.5 99.8 99.9 100 100 84 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.7 4.9 9.9 19.5 27.2 38.3 52.8 68.8 83.9 91.6 96.4 98.2 99.2 99.6 99.8 99.8 99.9 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 6 11 23 36 49 63 77 90 95 98 99 100 100 100 100 86 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 6 11 23 36 49 63 77 90 95 98 99 100 100 100 100 87 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 6 10 17 29 43 55 67 77 85 91 96 98 99 100 100 100 88 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 6 13 23 37 51 61 69 78 85 91 94 96 98 99 99 100 89 0 0 1 1 2 3 4 7 12 18 27 38 48 55 62 69 76 83 90 94 97 98 99 100 90 0 1 2 3 4 6 8 13 21 29 37 46 54 60 65 69 74 81 87 92 95 97 98 99 Fact Sheet 3.1 - Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Table 1. Erosivity Index Table (cont.) Page 11 EI# Jan Jan Feb Feb Mar Mar Apr Apr May May Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec Dec 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 91 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 6 16 29 39 46 53 60 67 74 81 88 95 99 99 100 100 92 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 6 16 29 39 46 53 60 67 74 81 88 95 99 99 100 100 93 0 1 1 2 3 4 6 8 13 25 40 49 56 62 67 72 76 80 85 91 97 98 99 99 94 0 1 2 4 6 8 10 15 21 29 38 47 53 57 61 65 70 76 83 88 91 94 96 98 95 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 14 18 27 35 41 46 51 57 62 68 73 79 84 89 93 96 98 96 0 2 4 6 9 12 17 23 30 37 43 49 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 97 97 0 1 3 5 7 10 14 20 28 37 48 56 61 64 68 72 77 81 86 89 92 95 98 99 98 0 1 2 4 6 8 10 13 19 26 34 42 50 58 63 68 74 79 84 89 93 95 97 99 99 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 12 19 33 48 57 65 72 82 88 93 96 98 99 100 100 100 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 9 15 27 38 50 62 74 84 91 95 97 98 99 99 100 101 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 6 9 14 20 28 39 52 63 72 80 87 91 94 97 98 99 100 102 0 0 1 2 3 4 6 8 11 15 22 31 40 49 59 69 78 85 91 94 96 98 99 100 103 0 1 2 3 4 6 8 10 14 18 25 34 45 56 64 72 79 84 89 92 95 97 98 99 104 0 2 3 5 7 10 13 16 19 23 27 34 44 54 63 72 80 85 89 91 93 95 96 98 105 0 1 3 6 9 12 16 21 26 31 37 43 50 57 64 71 77 81 85 88 91 93 95 97 106 0 3 6 9 13 17 21 27 33 38 44 49 55 61 67 71 75 78 81 84 86 90 94 97 107 0 3 5 7 10 14 18 23 27 31 35 39 45 53 60 67 74 80 84 86 88 90 93 95 108 0 3 6 9 12 16 20 24 28 33 38 43 50 59 69 75 80 84 87 90 92 94 96 98 109 0 3 6 10 13 16 19 23 26 29 33 39 47 58 68 75 80 83 86 88 90 92 95 97 110 0 1 3 5 7 9 12 15 18 21 25 29 36 45 56 68 77 83 88 91 93 95 97 99 111 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 11 15 20 28 41 54 65 74 82 87 92 94 96 97 98 99 112 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 12 17 24 33 42 55 67 76 83 89 92 94 96 98 99 113 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 17 22 31 42 52 60 68 75 80 85 89 92 96 98 114 0 1 2 4 6 8 11 13 11 13 21 26 32 38 46 55 64 71 77 81 85 89 93 97 115 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 14 19 26 34 45 56 66 76 82 86 90 93 95 97 99 116 0 1 3 5 7 9 12 15 18 21 25 29 36 45 56 68 77 83 88 91 93 95 97 99 117 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 9 11 14 17 22 31 42 54 65 74 83 89 92 95 97 98 99 118 0 2 4 6 8 12 16 20 25 30 35 41 47 56 67 75 81 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 119 0 1 2 4 6 7 9 12 15 18 23 31 40 48 57 63 72 78 88 92 96 97 98 99 120 0 8 16 25 33 41 46 50 53 54 55 56 56.5 57 57.75 58 58.75 60 61 63 66.5 72 80 90 Fact Sheet 3.1 - Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Table 1. Erosivity Index Table (cont.) Page 12 0 Jan Jan Feb Feb Mar Mar Apr Apr May May Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec Dec EI# 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-29 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-31 121 0 7 14 20 25.5 33.5 38 43 46 50 52.5 54.5 56 58 59 60 61.5 63 65 68 72 79 86 93 122 0 4 8 12 17 23 29 34 38 44 49 53 56 59 62 65 69 72 75 79 83 88 93 96 123 0 4 9 15 23 29 34 40 44 48 50 51 52 53 55 57 60 62 64 67 72 80 88 95 124 0 7 12 17 24 30 39 45 50 53 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 63 64 66 70 77 84 92 125 0 9 16 23 30 37 43 47 50 52 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 62 64 67 71 77 86 93 126 0 8 15 22 28 33 38 42 46 50 52 53 53 53 53 54 55 57 59 63 68 75 83 92 127 0 8 15 22 29 34 40 45 48 51 54 57 59 62 63 64 65 66 67 69 72 76 83 91 128 0 9 16 22 27 32 37 41 45 48 51 53 55 56 57 57 58 59 61 64 68 73 79 89 129 0 10 20 28 35 41 46 49 51 53 55 56 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 65 69 74 81 90 130 0 8 15 22 28 33 38 41 44 47 49 51 53 55 56 58 59 60 63 65 69 75 84 92 131 0 10 18 25 29 33 36 39 41 42 44 45 46 47 48 49 51 53 56 59 64 70 80 90 132 0 8 16 24 32 40 46 51 54 56 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 62 64 68 74 83 91 133 0 12 22 31 39 45 49 52 54 55 56 56 56 56 57 57 57 57 58 59 62 68 77 88 134 0 7 15 22 30 37 43 49 53 55 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 65 67 70 74 79 85 92 135 0 11 21 29 37 44 50 55 57 59 60 60 60 60 61 61 61 62 63 64 67 71 78 89 136 0 10 18 25 30 39 46 51 54 57 58 59 59 60 60 60 61 62 63 64 67 72 80 90 137 0 11 22 31 39 46 52 56 58 59 60 61 61 61 61 62 62 62 63 64 66 71 78 89 138 0 8 14 20 25 32 37 42 47 50 53 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 66 68 71 76 85 93 139 0 10.6 21.2 28.6 36 41.4 46.8 49.3 51.8 52.5 53.2 53.5 53.7 53.9 54 54.3 54.7 55.7 56.8 61.6 65.3 73.9 82.5 91.2 140 0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 1.3 5.3 9.3 30.1 50.8 56.8 62.9 67.5 72.2 75.8 79.4 85.6 91.7 95.9 100 100 141 0 10.7 21.4 28.7 36 41.7 47.3 50.3 53.2 54.5 55.7 56.2 56.7 56.9 57 57.4 57.8 59 60.2 64.1 67.9 76.1 84.2 92.1 142 0 2.7 5.5 5.7 5.9 7.1 8.4 10 11.7 15.3 19 22.6 26.1 29 31.9 36.6 41.2 46 50.7 62.3 73.9 83.5 93.1 96.6 143 0 8.7 17.5 25.2 33 39.9 46.7 50.8 54.8 56.2 57.6 58 58.4 58.9 59.4 60.8 62.3 64.1 65.9 68.8 71.7 78.6 85.5 92.7 144 0 4.3 8.6 9.3 10.1 11.1 12 15.3 18.6 22.7 26.7 28.7 30.7 31.3 32 34 36 44.4 52.9 60.1 67.3 78.2 89.2 94.6 145 0 11.7 23.3 33.5 43.7 50.7 57.6 60.3 63 63.5 64.1 64.2 64.2 64.5 64.8 66.1 67.3 68.6 69.8 70.7 71.6 79.2 86.7 93.4 146 0 4.8 9.6 13.1 16.5 22.6 28.7 30.8 32.8 33.3 33.8 34 34.2 36.4 38.6 43 47.5 56 64.5 66.2 67.9 77.9 88 94 147 0 0 4.7 9.4 10.8 12.2 13.2 14.3 14.9 15.5 24.2 32.8 45.5 58.2 67.9 77.6 86.3 95.1 95.6 96.1 98 100 100 100 148 0 5.5 11 19.2 27.5 36.6 45.7 47.8 50 50.9 51.7 52.1 52.5 54.2 55.9 60.1 64.4 70.5 76.7 81.2 85.7 90.4 101 97.6 149 0 2.4 4.9 7.4 9.9 11.7 13.6 14.6 15.6 16.2 16.8 17.2 17.7 24.7 31.7 46.9 62.1 67 72 80.7 89.3 92.3 95.3 97.7 Fact Sheet 3.1 - Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Table 1. Erosivity Index Table (cont.) Page 13 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County B.4 Appendix B: Forms ADEQ NOI August 2009 B-11 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-12 August 2009 AZPDES Permit: AZG-2008-001 NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI) for Construction Activity Discharges to Waters of the United States FOR COVERAGE, A COMPLETE AND ACCURATE NOI MUST BE SUBMITTED TO: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality; Surface Water Section / Stormwater & General Permits Unit 1110 West Washington, 5415A-1; Phoenix, Arizona 85007 FAX: (602) 771-4528 Is this NOI a revision to a project previously filed under the 2008 AZPDES Construction General Permit? ____ YES _____ NO If yes: Is the Site Located on Indian Country Lands? Provide your current authorization #: AZCON-_______________________ Provide the name of the project/site in Part II and only the specific information being revised. _____ YES _____ NO Complete Part V and sign the certification statement. I. OWNER/OPERATOR (Applicant) INFORMATION Phone: _________________________________ Contact Name:_______________________________________________ Fax: _________________________________ Operator’s Business Name: __________________________________________________________________________ Operator’s Mailing Address: __________________________________________________________________________ City: _________________________________________________ State: |___|___| Zip: __________________________ BUSINESS STATUS: Federal _____ State _____ Other Public _____ Private _____ Tribal _____ II. CONSTRUCTION SITE INFORMATION Project/Site Name:__________________________________________________________________________________ County Parcel No. (at main entrance):_______________________________________ Phone: _____________________ Type of Project (subdivision, commercial, road, pipeline, utility, ADOT project, etc.): ______________________________ If a subdivision, has state or local subdivision approval been obtained? ____ YES ____ NO If yes, provide the Subdivision Certificate of Approval number: ____________________________________________ Is the project part of a larger plan of development? ____ YES ____ NO (See Item II in the Instructions) Does the project have/need other environmental permits or approvals? If so, list and provide the permit/approval number (attached sheet, if necessary): ________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Site physical location (include address, if applicable, or directions from nearest municipality): _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ City: ___________________________________ State: |___|___| Zip: __________County: ________________________ Estimated Project Start Date: ______________________ Estimated Termination Date: _________________________ (Final Stabilization) Estimate of total acres (to the nearest 1/2 acre) to be disturbed with the entire construction project: __________________ Estimate of total acres (to the nearest 1/2 acre) to be disturbed by your operations: ______________________________ Sept 23, 2008 NOI for Coverage under AZPDES Permit: AZG 2008-001 Page 2 Select the non-stormwater discharges expected to be associated with your construction-related activities (according to attached instructions): ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ None Discharges from emergency fire-fighting activities Fire hydrant flushing – ephemeral receiving waters Waters used to control dust – no reclaimed or other wastewaters Potable water line flushing – ephemeral receiving waters Routine external building wash-down – no detergents Pavement wash waters – no spills or leaks of toxic or hazardous materials and no detergents Uncontaminated air conditioning or compressor condensate Uncontaminated groundwater ___ Foundation or footing drains – uncontaminated ___ Potable water well flushing – ephemeral receiving waters ___ Water used for compacting soil – no reclaimed or other wastewaters ___ Water used for drilling and coring (e.g., for evaluation of foundation materials) – uncontaminated ___ Uncontaminated water from dewatering operations/ foundations ___ Other, specify ________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ III. DISCHARGE LOCATION Provide the latitude/longitude of the construction site at the point nearest the receiving water (natural water course): Latitude: |__ı__|º |__ı__|' |__ı__| . |_____|'' (Degrees, minutes, seconds) Longitude: |__ı__ı__|º |__ı__|' |__ı__| . |_____|'' (Degrees, minutes, seconds) Identify the closest receiving water to construction site (dry washes, named waterbodies, and unnamed tributaries) (See Item III in the Instructions): _____________________________________________________________________ Is there a potential for any discharges from the site to enter a municipal storm sewer system (MS4), canal, or a privatelyowned conveyance? _____ YES _____ NO If yes, enter name of MS4, canal, or conveyance owner: _______________________________________________ IV. PERMIT AUTHORIZATION CANNOT OCCUR UNTIL A STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN (SWPPP) HAS BEEN DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED ACCORDING TO THE TERMS OF THE GENERAL PERMIT ____ I confirm that a SWPPP meeting the requirements of the general permit has been developed and will be implemented prior to commencing construction activities at this site and will be located at the site during construction activities. If this is a late application, a SWPPP has been developed and implemented prior to this submittal. (ADEQ reserves the right to take enforcement action for any unpermitted discharge or permit noncompliance that occurs between the time construction commenced and discharge authorization is granted.) When construction activities are not actively underway, the SWPPP will be available at the following location: (See Part III.G.2 in the general permit.) ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name of person to contact for SWPPP access: __________________________________________________________ Telephone number of SWPPP contact: _____________________________________ This project may discharge within 1/4 mile of an impaired or unique waterbody: _____ YES _____ NO _____ If yes, a copy of my SWPPP is enclosed with this application. V. CERTIFICATION BY AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY (See Part VIII.J.1 in the general permit) “I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision, as applicable, in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage this system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, I believe the information submitted is true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment. In addition, as the operator, I certify that I have reviewed and intend to comply with all terms and conditions stipulated in General Permit No. AZG-2008-001 issued by the Director.” Printed Name: _________________________________________________ Title: _________________________________ Signature: ____________________________________________________ Date: _________________________________ Business Name: _____________________________________________________________________________________ Address: ___________________________________________________________________________________________ City: ________________________________________ State: |___|___| Zip: _____________ Phone: __________________ Sept 23, 2008 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County B.5 Appendix B: Forms EPA NOI August 2009 B-13 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-14 August 2009 General Permit Appendix E - Notice of Intent Form and Instructions From the effective date of this permit, operators are to use the Notice of Intent Form contained in this Appendix to obtain permit coverage. Small and Large Construction Activities E-1 This Form Replaces Form 3510-9 (8-98) Refer to the Following Pages for Instructions Form Approved OMB Nos. 2040-0188 and 2040-0211 United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460 Notice of Intent (NOI) for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction Activity Under an NPDES General Permit NPDES FORM Submission of this Notice of Intent (NOI) constitutes notice that the party identified in Section II of this form requests authorization to discharge pursuant to the NPDES Construction General Permit (CGP) permit number identified in Section I of this form. Submission of this NOI also constitutes notice that the party identified in Section II of this form meets the eligibility requirements of the CGP for the project identified in Section III of this form. Permit coverage is required prior to commencement of construction activity until you are eligible to terminate coverage as detailed in the CGP. To obtain authorization, you must submit a complete and accurate NOI form. Refer to the instructions at the end of this form. I. Permit Number II. Operator Information Name: IRS Employer Identification Number (EIN): – Mailing Address: Street: State: City: - Phone: - Fax (optional): - - Zip Code: - E-mail: III. Project/Site Information Project/Site Name: Project Street/Location: City: State: - Zip Code: County or similar government subdivision: Latitude/Longitude (Use one of three possible formats, and specify method) Latitude 1. __ __° __ __΄ __ __˝ N (degrees, minutes, seconds) Method: Longitude 1. __ __ __° __ __΄ __ __˝ W (degrees, minutes, seconds) 2. __ __° __ __. __ __΄ N (degrees, minutes, decimal) 2. __ __ __° __ __. __ __΄ W (degrees, minutes, decimal) 3. __ __. __ __ __ __° N ( degrees decimal) 3. __ __ __. __ __ __ __° W (degrees decimal) U.S.G.S. topographic map EPA web site GPS Other: If you used a U.S.G.S. topographic map, what was the scale? ________________________________________________________ Project located in Indian Country? YES NO If yes, name of reservation, or if not part of a reservation, put “Not Applicable:” ___________________________________________ / Estimated Project Start Date: Month / Day Year Estimated Area to be Disturbed (to the nearest quarter acre): EPA FORM 3510-9 (Rev. 11/2008) / Estimated Project Completion Date: Month / Day Year . Page 1 of 4 IV. SWPPP Information Has the SWPPP been prepared in advance of filing this NOI? YES Address in Section II Location of SWPP for Viewing: If other: NO Address in Section III Other SWPPP Street: City: State: - Zip Code: SWPPP Contact Information (if different than that in Section II): Name: - Phone: - Fax (optional): - - E-mail: V. Discharge Information Identify the name(s) of waterbodies to which you discharge. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Is this discharge consistent with the assumptions and requirements of applicable EPA approved or established TMDL(s)? YES NO VI. Endangered Species Protection Under which criterion of the permit have you satisfied your ESA eligibility obligations? A B C D E F If you select criterion F, provide permit tracking number of operator under which you are certifying eligibility: VII. Certification Information I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations. Print Name: Title: Signature: _____________________________________________________________________________ Date: E-mail: ________________________________________________________________________________ NOI Preparer (Complete if NOI was prepared by someone other than the certifier) Prepared by: Organization: Phone: - - EPA FORM 3510-9 (Rev. 11/2008) Ext. E-mail: Page 2 of 4 Instructions for Completing EPA Form 3510-9 Notice of Intent (NOI) for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction Activity Under an NPDES General Permit NPDES Form Date This Form Replaces Form 3510-9 (8/98) Who Must File an NOI Form Under the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251 et. seq.; the Act), federal law prohibits storm water discharges from certain construction activities to waters of the U.S. unless that discharge is covered under a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit. Operator(s) of construction sites where one or more acres are disturbed, smaller sites that are part of a larger common plan of development or sale where there is a cumulative disturbance of at least one acre, or any other site specifically designated by the Director, must submit an NOI to obtain coverage under an NPDES general permit. Each person, firm, public organization, or any other entity that meets either of the following criteria must file this form: (1) they have operational control over construction plans and specifications, including the ability to make modifications to those plans and specifications; or (2) they have day-to-day operational control of those activities at the project necessary to ensure compliance with SWPPP requirements or other permit conditions. If you have questions about whether you need an NPDES storm water permit, or if you need information to determine whether EPA or your state agency is the permitting authority, refer to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp or telephone the Storm Water Notice Processing Center at (866) 352-7755. Where to File NOI Form See the applicable CGP for information on where to send your completed NOI form. Completing the Form Obtain and read a copy of the appropriate EPA Storm Water Construction General Permit for your area. To complete this form, type or print uppercase letters, in the appropriate areas only. Please place each character between the marks (abbreviate if necessary to stay within the number of characters allowed for each item). Use one space for breaks between words, but not for punctuation marks unless they are needed to clarify your response. If you have any questions on this form, refer to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp or telephone the Storm Water Notice Processing Center at (866) 352-7755. Please submit original document with signature in ink . do not send a photocopied signature. Form Approved OMB Nos. 2040-0188 and 2040-0211 IRS), also commonly referred to as your taxpayer ID. If the applicant does not have an EIN enter “NA” in the space provided. Also provide the operator’s mailing address, telephone number, fax number (optional) and e-mail address (to be notified via e-mail of NOI approval when available). Correspondence for the NOI will be sent to this address. Section III. Project/Site Information Enter the official or legal name and complete street address, including city, state, zip code, and county or similar government subdivision of the project or site. If the project or site lacks a street address, indicate the general location of the site (e.g., Intersection of State Highways 61 and 34). Complete site information must be provided for permit coverage to be granted. The applicant must also provide the latitude and longitude of the facility either in degrees, minutes, seconds; degrees, minutes, decimal; or decimal format. The latitude and longitude of your facility can be determined in several different ways, including through the use of global positioning system (GPS) receivers, U.S. Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.) topographic or quadrangle maps, and EPA’s web-based siting tools, among others. Refer to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp for further guidance on the use of these methodologies. For consistency, EPA requests that measurements be taken from the approximate center of the construction site. Applicants must specify which method they used to determine latitude and longitude. If a U.S.G.S. topographic map is used, applicants are required to specify the scale of the map used. Indicate whether the project is in Indian country, and if so, provide the name of the Reservation. If the project is in Indian Country Lands that are not part of a Reservation, indicate “not applicable” in the space provided. Enter the estimated construction start and completion dates using four digits for the year (i.e., 05/27/1998). Enter the estimated area to be disturbed including but not limited to: grubbing, excavation, grading, and utilities and infrastructure installation. Indicate to the nearest quarter acre. Note: 1 acre = 43,560 sq. ft. Section I. Permit Number Provide the number of the permit under which you are applying for coverage (see Appendix B of the general permit for the list of eligible permit numbers). Section IV. SWPPP Information Indicate whether or not the SWPPP was prepared in advance of filing the NOI form. Check the appropriate box for the location where the SWPPP may be viewed. Provide the name, fax number (optional), and e-mail address of the contact person if different than that listed in Section II of the NOI form. Section II. Operator Information Provide the legal name of the person, firm, public organization, or any other entity that operates the project described in this application. An operator of a project is a legal entity that controls at least a portion of site operations and is not necessarily the site manager. Provide the employer identification number (EIN from the Internal Revenue Service; Section V. Discharge Information Enter the name(s) of receiving waterbodies to which the project’s storm water will discharge. These should be the first bodies of water that the discharge will reach. (Note: If you discharge to more than one waterbody, please indicate all such waters in the space provided and attach a separate sheet if necessary.) For example, if the discharge leaves your EPA FORM 3510-9 (Rev. 11/2008) Page 3 of 4 Instructions for Completing EPA Form 3510-9 Notice of Intent (NOI) for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction Activity Under an NPDES General Permit NPDES Form Date This Form Replaces Form 3510-9 (8/98) site and travels through a roadside swale or a storm sewer and then enters a stream that flows to a river, the stream would be the receiving waterbody. Waters of the U.S. include lakes, streams, creeks, rivers, wetlands, impoundments, estuaries, bays, oceans, and other surface bodies of water within the confines of the U.S. and U.S. coastal waters. Waters of the U.S. do not include man-made structures created solely for the purpose of wastewater treatment. U.S. Geological Survey topographical maps may be used to make this determination. If the map does not provide a name, use a format such as “unnamed tributary to Cross Creek”. If you discharge into a municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4), you must identify the waterbody into which that portion of the storm sewer discharges. That information should be readily available from the operator of the MS4. Indicate whether your storm water discharges from construction activities will be consistent with the assumptions and requirements of applicable EPA approved or established TMDL(s). To answer this question, refer to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp for state- and regionalspecific TMDL information related to the construction general permit. You may also have to contact your EPA regional office or state agency. If there are no applicable TMDLs or no related requirements, please check the “yes” box in the NOI form. Section VI. Endangered Species Information Indicate for which criterion (i.e., A, B, C, D, E, or F) of the permit the applicant is eligible with regard to protection of federally listed endangered and threatened species, and designated critical habitat. See Part 1.3.C.6 and Appendix C of the permit. If you select criterion F, provide the permit tracking number of the operator under which you are certifying eligibility. The permit tracking number is the number assigned to the operator by the Storm Water Notice Processing Center after EPA acceptance of a complete NOI. Section VII. Certification Information All applications, including NOIs, must be signed as follows: For a corporation: By a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Section, a responsible corporate officer means: (i) a president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy- or decision-making functions for the corporation, or (ii) the manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities, provided, the manager is authorized to make management decisions which govern the operation of the regulated facility including having the explicit or implicit duty of making major capital investment recommendations, and initiating and directing other comprehensive measures to assure long-term environmental compliance with environmental laws and regulations; the manager can ensure that the necessary systems are established or actions taken to gather complete and accurate information for permit application requirements; and where authority to sign documents has been assigned or EPA FORM 3510-9 (Rev. 11/2008) Form Approved OMB Nos. 2040-0188 and 2040-0211 delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures. For a partnership or sole proprietorship: By a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or For a municipality, state, federal, or other public agency: By either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For purposes of this Part, a principal executive officer of a federal agency includes (i) the chief executive officer of the agency, or (ii) a senior executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g., Regional Administrator of EPA). Include the name, title, and email address of the person signing the form and the date of signing. An unsigned or undated NOI form will not be considered eligible for permit coverage. If the NOI was prepared by someone other than the certifier (for example, if the NOI was prepared by the facility SWPPP contact or a consultant for the certifier’s signature), include the name, organization, phone number and email address of the NOI preparer. Paperwork Reduction Act Notice Public reporting burden for this application is estimated to average 3.7 hours. This estimate includes time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Send comments regarding the burden estimate, any other aspect of the collection of information, or suggestions for improving this form, including any suggestions which may increase or reduce this burden to: Chief, Information Policy Branch 2136, U.S. Environmental Protection, Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20460. Include the OMB control number on any correspondence. Do not send the completed form to this address. Visit this website for mailing instructions: www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/mail Visit this website for instructions on how to submit electronically: www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/enoi Page 4 of 4 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County B.6 Appendix B: Forms ADEQ NOT August 2009 B-15 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-16 August 2009 NOTICE OF TERMINATION (NOT) for Construction Activity Discharges to Waters of the United States Submission of this NOT constitutes notice that the party identified on this form is terminating coverage under the AZPDES general permit. Authorization to construction activity discharges to waters of the United States terminates at midnight on the day the NOT is received by ADEQ. To terminate your project, fax or submit a complete and accurate NOT to: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Water Permits Section — Stormwater & General Permits Unit 1110 West Washington, 5415A-1; Phoenix, Arizona 85007 FAX: (602) 771-4528 I. PERMITTEE INFORMATION AZPDES Stormwater Construction NOI Authorization Number: AZCON ― . Name of Operator submitted on Notice of Intent (NOI): _____________________________________________________ Operator Business: ________________________________ Address: _________________________________________ City: _________________________________ State: _______ Zip: _____________ Phone: ___________________________ II. CONSTRUCTION SITE INFORMATION Project/Site Name: _________________________________________________________________________________ Site address or physical location: ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ City: _______________________________ State: _______ Zip: _________________ County: _____________________ Provide the latitude/longitude of the specified on the NOI: Latitude: |__ı__|º |__ı__|' |__ı__|'' . |_____| (Degrees, minutes, seconds) Longitude: |__ı__ı__|º |__ı__|' |__ı__|'' . |_____| (Degrees, minutes, seconds) III. REASON FOR TERMINATING COVERAGE: (Check as applicable) ____ Final stabilization has been achieved on all portions of the site for which the operator is responsible. ____ Another operator has assumed control over all areas of the site that have not been finally stabilized. (To qualify for this condition, ADEQ must receive the new operator’s NOI application or the new AZCON # with this NOT submittal.) (AZCON) ____ For residential construction only, temporary stabilization has been completed and the residence has been transferred to the homeowner. ____ The operator has obtained coverage under another AZPDES permit. List new permit #(s)._____________________________________________________________________ ____ Construction activity was never initiated and plans for construction have been permanently abandoned or indefinitely postponed. IV. CERTIFICATION BY AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY “I certify under penalty of law that all stormwater discharges associated with construction activity from the identified facility that are authorized by a general permit have been eliminated or that I am no longer the operator of the facility or construction site. I understand that by submitting this Notice of Termination, I am no longer authorized to discharge stormwater associated with construction activity under this general permit, and that discharging pollutants in stormwater associated with construction activity to waters of the United States is unlawful under the Clean Water Act where the discharge is not authorized by an AZPDES permit. I also understand that the submittal of this Notice of Termination does not release an operator from liability for any violations of this permit or the Clean Water Act.” Printed Name: _____________________________________________ Title: ______________________________________ Signature: _____________________________________________________ Date: _________________________________ Business Name (if different from above): ____________________________________________________________________ Address (if different from above): __________________________________________________________________________ City: _________________________________ State: _______ Zip: _____________ Phone: ___________________________ February 29, 2008 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County B.7 Appendix B: Forms EPA NOT August 2009 B-17 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-18 August 2009 This Form Replaces Form 3517-7 (8-98) Form Approved OMB Nos. 2040-0086 and 2040-0211 Refer to the Following Page for Instructions United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460 Notice of Termination (NOT) of Coverage Under an NPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activity NPDES FORM Submission of this Notice of Termination constitutes notice that the party identified in Section II of this form is no longer authorized to discharge stormwater associated with construction activity under the NPDES program from the site identified in Section III of this form. All necessary information must be included on this form. Refer to the instructions at the end of this form. I. Permit Information NPDES Stormwater General Permit Tracking Number: Reason for Termination (Check only one): Final stabilization has been achieved on all portions of the site for which you are responsible. Another operator has assumed control, according to Appendix G, Section 11.C of the CGP, over all areas of the site that have not been finally stabilized. Coverage under an alternative NPDES permit has been obtained. For residential construction only, temporary stabilization has been completed and the residence has been transferred to the homeowner. II. Operator Information Name: IRS Employer Identification Number (EIN): – Mailing Address: Street: City: Phone: - - Fax (optional): - State: Zip Code: - State: Zip Code: - - E-mail: III. Project/Site Information Project/Site Name: Project Street/Location: City: County or similar government subdivision: IV. Certification Information I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations. Print Name: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Print Title: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Email: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Signature: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EPA Form 3510-13 (Rev. 12/08) Page 1 of 2 Instructions for Completing EPA Form 3510-13 Notice of Termination (NOT) of Coverage Under an NPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activity NPDES Form This Form Replaces Form 3517-7 (8-98) Who May File an NOT Form Permittees who are presently covered under the EPA-issued National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction Activity may submit an NOT form when final stabilization has been achieved on all portions of the site for which you are responsible; another operator has assumed control in accordance with Appendix G, Section 11.C of the General Permit over all areas of the site that have not been finally stabilized; coverage under an alternative NPDES permit has been obtained; or for residential construction only, temporary stabilization has been completed and the residence has been transferred to the homeowner. “Final stabilization” means that all soil disturbing activities at the site have been completed and that a uniform perennial vegetative cover with a density of at least 70% of the native background vegetative cover for the area has been established on all unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures, or equivalent permanent stabilization measures (such as the use of riprap, gabions, or geotextiles) have been employed. See “final stabilization” definition in Appendix A of the Construction General Permit for further guidance where background native vegetation covers less than 100 percent of the ground, in arid or semi-arid areas, for individual lots in residential construction, and for construction projects on land used for agricultural purposes. Completing the Form Type or print, using uppercase letters, in the appropriate areas only. Please place each character between the marks. Abbreviate if necessary to stay within the number of characters allowed for each item. Use only one space for breaks between words, but not for punctuation marks unless they are needed to clarify your response. If you have any questions about this form, refer to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp or telephone the Stormwater Notice Processing Center at (866) 352-7755. Please submit original document with signature in ink - do not send a photocopied signature. Section I. Permit Number Enter the existing NPDES Stormwater General Permit Tracking Number assigned to the project by EPA’s Stormwater Notice Processing Center. If you do not know the permit tracking number, refer to www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp or contact the Stormwater Notice Processing Center at (866) 352-7755. Indicate your reason for submitting this Notice of Termination by checking the appropriate box. Check only one: Final stabilization has been achieved on all portions of the site for which you are responsible. Another operator has assumed control according to Appendix G, Section 11.C over all areas of the site that have not been finally stabilized. Coverage under an alternative NPDES permit has been obtained. For residential construction only, if temporary stabilization has been completed and the residence has been transferred to the homeowner. Section II. Operator Information Provide the legal name of the person, firm, public organization, or any other entity that operates the project described in this application and is covered by the permit tracking number identified in Section I. The operator of the project is the legal entity that controls the site operation, rather than the site manager. Provide the employer identification number (EIN from the Internal Revenue Service; IRS). If the applicant does not have an EIN enter “NA” in the space provided. Enter the EPA Form 3510-13 (Rev. 12/08) Form Approved OMB Nos. 2040-0086 and 2040-0211 complete mailing address, telephone number, and email address of the operator. Optional: enter the fax number of the operator. Section III. Project/Site Information Enter the official or legal name and complete street address, including city, state, zip code, and county or similar government subdivision of the project or site. If the project or site lacks a street address, indicate the general location of the site (e.g., Intersection of State Highways 61 and 34). Complete site information must be provided for termination of permit coverage to be valid. Section IV. Certification Information All applications, including NOIs, must be signed as follows: For a corporation: By a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Part, a responsible corporate officer means: (i) a president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy-or decision-making functions for the corporation, or (ii) the manager of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities, provided, the manager is authorized to make management decisions which govern the operation of the regulated facility including having the explicit or implicit duty of making major capital investment recommendations, and initiating and directing other comprehensive measures to assure long-term environmental compliance with environmental laws and regulations; the manager can ensure that the necessary systems are established or actions taken to gather complete and accurate information for permit application requirements; and where authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures. For a partnership or sole proprietorship: By a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; or For a municipality, state, federal, or other public agency: By either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For purposes of this Part, a principal executive officer of a federal agency includes (i) the chief executive officer of the agency, or (ii) a senior executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g., Regional Administrator of EPA). Include the name, title, and email address of the person signing the form and the date of signing. An unsigned or undated NOT form will not be considered valid termination of permit coverage. Paperwork Reduction Act Notice Public reporting burden for this application is estimated to average 0.5 hours per notice, including time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Send comments regarding the burden estimate, any other aspect of the collection of information, or suggestions for improving this form including any suggestions which may increase or reduce this burden to: Chief, Information Policy Branch, 2136, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460. Include the OMB number on any correspondence. Do not send the completed form to this address. Visit this website for mailing instruction: www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/mail Visit this website for instructions on how to submit electronically: www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/enoi Page 2 of 2 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County B.8 Appendix B: Forms Arizona Impaired Surface Waters List August 2009 B-19 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-20 August 2009 Arizona’s 2006/2008 Impaired Waters Arizona’s 303(d) Impaired Waters List consists of two sections: the first section consists of ADEQ 303(d) listings, while the second consists of EPA 303(d) listings. ADEQ’S 303(d) Impaired Waters This list contains assessment units that were assessed as impaired by ADEQ during current and previous assessment listing cycles. The year each parameter was listed is located in parentheses after each parameter. The most current listings are in bold. Assessment Unit Alamo Lake 15030204-0040A Bill Williams River From Alamo Lake to Castaneda Wash 15030204-003 Santa Maria River From Little Sycamore Creek to Little Shipp Wash 15030203-013 Size (acres/miles) 14,150 a 35.9 mi 6.8 mi Cause(s) of Category* Impairment Bill Williams Watershed Ammonia (2004), High pH (1996) Low dissolved oxygen (2006) Ammonia, low dissolved oxygen, and high pH (2006) Mercury(d) (2006) Status of TMDL Development 5 Nutrient TMDL to be initiated in 2010. 5 Nutrient TMDL to be initiated in 2010. 5 Alamo Lake TMDL may address mercury loadings affecting this reach. TMDL to be initiated in 2010. Colorado – Grand Canyon Watershed Colorado River From Lake Powell to Paria River 14070006-001 Colorado River From Parashant Canyon to Diamond Creek 15010002-003 Paria River From Utah border to Colorado River 14070007-123 Virgin River From Beaver Dam Wash to Big Bend Wash 15010010-003 16.3 mi Selenium(t) (2006) 5 TMDL to be initiated in 2008. 27.6 mi Selenium(t) and suspended sediment (2004) 5 TMDL to be initiated in 2010. 29.4 mi Suspended sediment (2004), E. coli (2006) 5 TMDL to be initiated in 2010. 10.1 mi Selenium(t) and suspended sediment (2004) 5 TMDL to be initiated in 2011. Colorado – Lower Gila Watershed Colorado River From Hoover Dam to Lake Mohave 15030101-015 Colorado River From Main Canal to Mexico border 15030107-001 Gila River From Coyote Wash to Fortuna Wash 15070201-003 Painted Rock Borrow Pit Lake 15070201-1010 40.4 mi Selenium(t) 5 TMDL to be initiated in 2010. 32.2 mi Low dissolved oxygen and selenium(t) (2006) 5 TMDL to be initiated in 2010. 28.3 mi Selenium(t) and boron(t) (2004) 5 TMDL to be initiated in 2009. Low dissolved oxygen (1992) 5 The low dissolved oxygen TMDL will be initiated when the lake refills and stabilizes. 185 a Little Colorado Watershed Little Colorado River From Silver Creek to Carr Wash 15020002-004 Little Colorado River From Porter Tank Draw to McDonalds Wash 15020008-017 6.1 mi E. coli (2004) 5 To initiate in 2007. 17.4 mi Copper(d) and silver(d) (1992), suspended sediment (2004) 5 To initiate in 2007. Middle Gila Watershed Alvord Lake 15060106B-0050 Chaparral Park Lake 15060106B-0300 Cortez Park Lake 15060106B-0410 27 a Ammonia (2004) 5 To initiate in 2007. 12 a Low dissolved oxygen and E. coli (2004) 5 To initiate in 2007. 2a Low dissolved oxygen and high pH (2004) 5 To initiate in 2007. 1 Arizona’s 2006/2008 Impaired Waters Arizona’s 303(d) Impaired Waters List consists of two sections: the first section consists of ADEQ 303(d) listings, while the second consists of EPA 303(d) listings. Assessment Unit Gila River From San Pedro River to Mineral Cr. 15050100-008 Gila River From Centennial Wash to Gillespie Dam 15070101-008 Hassayampa River From headwaters to Copper Creek 15070103-007A *Also on Not Attaining List Mineral Creek From Devil's Canyon to Gila River 15050100-012B Queen Creek From headwaters to mining discharge 15050100-014A Queen Creek From mining WWTP discharge to Potts Canyon 15050100-014B Size (acres/miles) Cause(s) of Impairment Category* Status of TMDL Development 19.8 mi Suspended sediment (2006) 5 TMDL to be initiated in 2009. 5.3 mi Boron(t) (1992), selenium(t) (2004) 5 To be initiated in 2012. 11 mi Low pH (2006) 5 Mine remediation actions should also address low pH. 19.6 mi Copper(d) (1992), selenium(t) (2004), and low dissolved oxygen (2006) 5 Terms of consent decree should negate need for TMDL. 8.8 mi Copper (2002) 5 Copper TMDL in progress. To be completed in 2009. 5.9 mi Copper (2004) 5 Copper TMDL in progress. To be completed in 2009. Salt Watershed Apache Lake 15060106A-0070 Canyon Lake 15060106A-0250 Christopher Creek From headwaters to Tonto Creek 15060105-353 *Also on Not Attaining List Five Point Tributary From headwaters to Pinto Creek 15060103-885 Pinto Creek From West Fork Pinto Creek to Roosevelt Lake 15060103-018C *Also on Not Attaining List Salt River From Pinal Creek to Roosevelt Lake 15060106A-004 Salt River From Stewart Mountain Dam to Verde River 15060106A-003 Tonto Creek From headwaters to 341810/1110414 15060105-013A *Also on Not Attaining List 2,190 a 450 a Low dissolved oxygen (2006) Low dissolved oxygen (2004) 5 5 Salt River Reservoir nutrient TMDL to be initiated in 2010. Salt River Reservoir nutrient TMDL to be initiated in 2010. Phosphorus (2006) 5 Nutrient reduction strategies should also address phosphorus. 2.9 mi Copper(d) (2006) 5 Loadings from this tributary should be addressed in the Pinto Creek Phase II TMDL. 17.8 mi Selenium(t) (2004) 5 To be initiated in 2009. 7.5 mi Suspended sediment (2006) 5 To be initiated in 2010. 10.1 mi Low dissolved oxygen (2004) 5 Salt River Reservoir nutrient TMDL to be initiated in 2010. 8.1 mi Phosphorus (2006) 5 Nutrient reduction strategies should reduce phosphorus loadings. TMDL will be initiated in 2010 if needed. 8 mi San Pedro Watershed Brewery Gulch From headwaters to Mule Gulch 15080301-337 1 mi Copper(d) (2004) 5 Copper loadings from this tributary will be addressed in the Mule Creek copper TMDL. Mule Gulch From headwaters to above Lavender Pit 15080301-090A 3 mi Copper(d) (1990) 5 Ongoing TMDLs to be completed in 2009 to establish site-specific criteria for copper. 2 Arizona’s 2006/2008 Impaired Waters Arizona’s 303(d) Impaired Waters List consists of two sections: the first section consists of ADEQ 303(d) listings, while the second consists of EPA 303(d) listings. Assessment Unit Mule Gulch From above Lavender Pit to Bisbee WWTP discharge 15080301-090B Mule Gulch From Bisbee WWTP discharge to Highway 80 bridge 15080301-090C San Pedro River From Babocomari Creek to Dragoon Wash 15050202-003 San Pedro River From Dragoon Wash to Tres Alamos Wash 15050202-002 San Pedro River From Aravaipa Creek to Gila River 15050203-001 Size (acres/miles) Cause(s) of Impairment Category* Status of TMDL Development Copper(d) (1990) 5 Ongoing TMDLs to be completed in 2009 to establish site-specific criteria for copper. 3.8 mi Cadmium(d), copper(d)(t), low pH, zinc(d) (1990) 5 Ongoing TMDLs to be completed in 2009 to establish site-specific criteria for copper. 17 mi E. coli (2004) 5 Initiated TMDL in 2006. To complete in 2009. 15.5 mi Nitrate (1990) 5 Ongoing Superfund remediation and monitoring. Will initiate TMDL if WQARF cleanup is not effective. 14.8 mi E. coli and selenium(t) (2004) 5 Initiated TMDL in 2006. To complete in 2009. 0.8 miles Santa Cruz Watershed Nogales Wash From Mexico border to Potrero Creek 15050301-011 Santa Cruz River From Mexico border to Nogales Intl WWTP discharge 15050301-010 Sonoita Creek From 750 feet below Patagonia WWTP discharge to Santa Cruz R. 15050301-013C 6.2 mi Ammonia (2004), chlorine (1996), copper(d) (2004), E. coli (1998) 5 Necessity of TMDL development will be based on outcome of current international remediation activities on infrastructure in Mexico. 17 mi E. coli (2004) 5 Will initiate TMDL when stream flow returns. (Current drought.) Zinc(d) (2004), low dissolved oxygen (2006) 5 To initiate in 2006 and complete in 2009. 18.6 mi Upper Gila Watershed Blue River From Strayhorse Creek to San Francisco River 15040004-025B Cave Creek From headwaters to South Fork Cave Creek 15040006-852A Gila River From New Mexico border to Bitter Cr 15040002-004 Gila River From Bonita Creek to Yuma Wash 15040005-022 Gila River From Skully Creek to San Francisco River 15040002-001 San Francisco River From Blue River to Limestone Gulch 15040004-003 25.4 mi E. coli (2006) 5 To initiate in 2009. 7.5 mi Selenium(t) (2004) 5 Initiated TMDL in 2006. To complete in 2009. 16.3 mi E. coli and suspended sediment (2006) 5 Initiated TMDL in 2006. To complete in 2009. 5.8 mi E. coli (2004) 5 Initiated TMDL in 2006. To complete in 2009. 15.2 mi Selenium(t) (2004) 5 Initiated TMDL in 2006. To complete in 2009. 18.7 mi E. coli (2006) 5 To initiate TMDL in 2009. To complete in 2011. East Verde River From American Gulch to Verde River 15060203-022C 25.8 mi Arsenic(t) and boron(t) (2006) 5 To initiate TMDL in 2009. To complete in 2011. East Verde River From Ellison Creek to American Gulch 15060203-022B 20.3 mi Selenium(t) (2004) 5 To initiate TMDL in 2011. Oak Creek From headwaters to West Fork Oak Creek 7.4 mi E. coli (2006) 5 Initiated Phase II bacteria TMDL in 2004. To complete in 2009. Verde Watershed 3 Arizona’s 2006/2008 Impaired Waters Arizona’s 303(d) Impaired Waters List consists of two sections: the first section consists of ADEQ 303(d) listings, while the second consists of EPA 303(d) listings. Assessment Unit 15060202-019 Oak Creek From West Fork Oak Creek to tributary at 345709/1114513 15060202-018A Oak Creek From tributary at 345709/1114513 to downstream boundary of Slide Rock State Park 15060202-018B Oak Creek From Slide Rock State Park to Dry Creek 15060202-018C Oak Creek From Dry Creek to Spring Creek 15060202-017 Spring Creek From Coffee Creek to Oak Creek 15060202-022 Size (acres/miles) Cause(s) of Impairment Category* Status of TMDL Development 5 mi E. coli (2006) 5 Initiated Phase II bacteria TMDL in 2004. To complete in 2009. 1 mi E. coli (1992) 5 Initiated Phase II bacteria TMDL in 2004. To complete in 2009. 20 mi E. coli (2006) 5 Initiated Phase II bacteria TMDL in 2004. To complete in 2009. 10 mi E. coli (2006) 5 Initiated Phase II bacteria TMDL in 2004. To complete in 2009. 6.4 mi E. coli (2006) 5 To address bacteria loading from this tributary in the Oak Creek Phase II bacteria TMDL. 4 Arizona’s 2006/2008 Impaired Waters Arizona’s 303(d) Impaired Waters List consists of two sections: the first section consists of ADEQ 303(d) listings, while the second consists of EPA 303(d) listings. EPA’S 303(d) IMPAIRED WATERS These assessment units were assessed as impaired by EPA and will remain on Arizona’s list of impaired waters until EPA determines that they are no longer impaired or a TMDL is approved. Assessment Unit Alamo Lake 15030204-0040 Boulder Creek From unnamed wash at 34°41'14"/113°03'34" to Wilder Creek 15030202-006B Boulder Creek From Wilder Creek to Butte Creek 15030202-005A Burro Creek From Boulder Creek to Black Canyon Creek 15030202-004 Coors Lake 15030202-5000 Size Cause(s) of Impairment (acres/miles) Bill Williams Watershed Status of TMDL Development 14,150 a Mercury in fish tissue (2002) Initiated in 2004. To complete in 2009. 14.4 mi Mercury(d) (2004) Initiate in 2011. Complete in 2013. 1.4 mi Mercury(d) (2004) Initiate in 2011. Complete in 2013. 17.2 mi Mercury(d) (2004) Initiate in 2011. Complete in 2013. Mercury in fish tissue (2004) Initiate in 2011. Complete in 2013. 230 a Colorado - Grand Canyon Watershed There are no listings of this type for this watershed. See other lists. Colorado – Lower Gila Watershed Painted Rock Borrow Pit Lake 15070201-1010 180 a DDT metabolites, toxaphene and chlordane in fish tissue (2002) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. Little Colorado – San Juan Watershed Bear Canyon Lake 15020008-0130 Lake Mary (lower) 15020015-0890 Lake Mary (upper) 15020015-0900 Little Colorado River From Silver Creek to Carr Wash 15020002-004 Long Lake (lower) 15020008-0820 Lyman Lake 15020001-0850 Soldier’s Annex Lake 15020008-1430 Soldier’s Lake 15020008-1440 55 a High pH (2004) Mercury in fish tissue (2002) Mercury in fish tissue (2002) 6 mi 1308 a Initiate in 2009. Initiated in 2003. To complete in 2009. Initiated in 2003. To complete in 2009. Suspended sediment (2004) Initiated in 2007. To complete in 2009. Mercury in fish tissue (2002) Initiated in 2003. To complete in 2009. Mercury in fish tissue (2002) Initiated in 2008. Mercury in fish tissue (2002) Mercury in fish tissue (2002) Initiated in 2003. To complete in 2009. Initiated in 2003. To complete in 2009. Middle Gila Watershed Gila River Salt River - Agua Fria River 15070101-015 Gila River Agua Fria River - Waterman Wash 15070101-014 Gila River Waterman Wash - Hassayampa River 15070101-010 Gila River Hassayampa River - Centennial Wash 15070101-009 DDT metabolites, toxaphene and chlordane in fish tissue (2002) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. DDT metabolites, toxaphene and chlordane in fish tissue (2002) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. DDT metabolites, toxaphene and chlordane in fish tissue (2002) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. DDT metabolites, toxaphene and chlordane in fish tissue (2002) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. 5 Arizona’s 2006/2008 Impaired Waters Arizona’s 303(d) Impaired Waters List consists of two sections: the first section consists of ADEQ 303(d) listings, while the second consists of EPA 303(d) listings. Assessment Unit Size (acres/miles) Gila River Centennial Wash - Gillespie Dam 15070101-008 Gila River Gillespie Dam - Rainbow Wash 15070101-007 Gila River Rainbow Wash - Sand Tank 15070101-005 Gila River Sand Tank - Painted Rocks Reservoir 15070101-001 Hassayampa River Buckeye Canal – Gila River 15070103-001B Painted Rocks Reservoir 15070101-1020A Salt River 23rd Ave WWTP - Gila River 15060106B-001D Cause(s) of Impairment Status of TMDL Development DDT metabolites, toxaphene and chlordane in fish tissue (2002) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. DDT metabolites, toxaphene and chlordane in fish tissue (2002) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. DDT metabolites, toxaphene and chlordane in fish tissue (2002) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. DDT metabolites, toxaphene and chlordane in fish tissue (2002) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. DDT metabolites, toxaphene and chlordane in fish tissue (2002) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. DDT metabolites, toxaphene and chlordane in fish tissue (2002) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. DDT metabolites, toxaphene and chlordane in fish tissue (2002) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. Salt River Watershed Crescent Lake 15060101-0420 Tonto Creek From headwaters to unnamed tributary 15060105-013A 157 a High pH (2002) Initiate in 2010. To complete in 2012. 8.1 mi Low dissolved oxygen (2004) Initiate in 2010. To complete in 2012. San Pedro – Willcox Playa – Rio Yaqui Watershed Brewery Gulch From headwaters to Mule Gulch 15080301-337 Mule Gulch From above Lavender Pit to Bisbee WWTP 15080301-090B (d) 1 mi Copper (2004) 0.8 mi Low pH (2002) Copper loadings from this tributary will be addressed in the Mule Creek copper TMDL. Initiated in 2000. Complete TMDL after site specific criteria are established (2009). Santa Cruz – Rio Magdalena – Rio Sonoyta Watershed Parker Canyon Lake 15050301-1040 Rose Canyon Lake 15050302-1260 130 a 7a Mercury in fish tissue (2004) Low pH (2004) Initiated in 2006. To complete in 2009. Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. Upper Gila Watershed Cave Creek From headwaters to South Fork of Cave Creek 15040006-852A Gila River From Bonita Creek to Yuma Wash 15040005-022 San Francisco River From headwaters to New Mexico Border 15040004-023 8 mi Selenium(t) (2004) Initiated in 2006. To complete in 2009. 6 mi Sediment (2004) Initiated in 2006. To complete in 2009. 13.1 mi Sediment (2004) Initiate in 2009. To complete in 2011. Verde Watershed Granite Creek From headwaters to Willow Creek 15060202-059A Watson Lake 15060202-1590 Whitehorse Lake 15060202-1630 13 mi Low dissolved oxygen (2004) 150 a Nitrogen, low dissolved oxygen, high pH (2004) 40 a Low dissolved oxygen (2004) 6 Initiate in 2010. To complete in 2012. Initiate in 2008. To complete in 2010. Initiate in 2010. To complete in 2012. Arizona’s 2006/2008 Impaired Waters Arizona’s 303(d) Impaired Waters List consists of two sections: the first section consists of ADEQ 303(d) listings, while the second consists of EPA 303(d) listings. *Assessment Categories: Category 5 – Impaired surface waters where a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) analysis is required. Category 4 – At least one designated use is impaired or threatened but development of a TMDL is not needed (at this time). Note that these assessment units are considered impaired under permit requirements. Three subcategories exist in Arizona: 4A – The TMDL has been completed, is being implemented, and appears to be sufficient; 4B – Alternative pollution control requirements or actions are expected to result in the attainment of water quality standards; 4C – The impairment is caused by pollution but not a pollutant; or 4N – Impairment is caused solely due to natural conditions (no human contribution). (Further information is provided in the Surface Water Assessment Methods and Technical Support document.) 7 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County B.9 Appendix B: Forms Arizona Impaired Surface Waters Map August 2009 B-21 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-22 August 2009 2006/2008 Statewide Impaired Waters Ù COLORADO CITY PARIA RIVER Utah border - Colorado R. SSC, E. coli VIRGIN RIVER Beaver Dam W. - Big Bend W. Selenium, suspended sediment PAGE COLORADO RIVER Lake Powell - Paria R. Selenium Jacob Lake Colorado/Grand Canyon Kayenta COLORADO RIVER Parashant Canyon Diamond Crk Selenium, suspended sediment COCONINO Willow Beach Chinle COLORADO RIVER Hoover Dam - Lake Mohave Selenium MOHAVE Window Rock Verde BULLHEAD CITY Colorado/ Lower Gila YAVAPAI FRENCH GULCH Hdwtrs - Hassayampa R. Cadmium, copper, zinc ALAMO LAKE (EPA) Mercury in fish tissue TURKEY CREEK Unnamed Trib. - Poland Crk Copper, lead SALT RIVER 23rd Ave WWTP - Gila River BUCKEYE Pesticides in fish tissue GILA RIVER Centennial W. - Gillespie Selenium, boron COLORADO RIVER Main Canal - Mexico border Low DO, selenium GILA RIVER Coyote Wash - Fortuna Wash Selenium, boron CHRISTOPHER CREEK Headwaters - Tonto Creek E. coli (4A), phosphorus (5) Mohawk CASA GRANDE SAN FRANCISCO RIVER Hdwtrs - New Mexico border suspended sediment Oracle Santa Cruz MARANA ROSE CANYON LAKE (EPA) pH PIMA BLUE RIVER Strayhorse Crk - San Francisco R. E. coli TUCSON SAN PEDRO RIVER Aravaipa Crk - Gila R. Selenium, E. coli PATAGONIA ** This map is for general reference only and may not be all inclusive. Neither the information presented nor the maps themselves are official documents. More detailed information and specific locations can be obtained by contacting the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality's Surface Water Section. Humbolt Canyon Hdwtrs - Alum Gulch Copper 0 2.5 5 Miles THREE R CANYON, COX GULCH, UNNAMED TRIB TO COX GULCH Cadmium, copper, zinc, pH Oak Creek TMDL Area Bagdad Area OAK CREEK Headwaters - unnamed tributary E. coli BOULDER CREEK Unnamed trib - Butte Creek mercury BOULDER CREEK Butte Creek - Copper Creek Mercury BAGDAD COORS LAKE (EPA) mercury 0 5 10 SALT RIVER Pinal Creek - Roosevelt Lake Suspended sediment OAK CREEK (SLIDE ROCK) Unnamed trib - Slide Rock S.P. E. coli OAK CREEK Slide Rock S. P. - Spring Crk E. coli Miles *Scale bar only applies to these areas Pinto Creek TMDL Area PINTO CREEK W.F. Pinto Crk- Roosevelt Lake Copper (4A), selenium (5) SEDONA SPRING CREEK Coffee Creek - Oak Creek E. coli PINTO CREEK Headwaters - W. Fork Pinto Crk Copper FIVE POINT MTN TRIB. Copper GLOBE GIBSON MINE TRIB. Copper PEÑA BLANCA LAKE (EPA) Mercury in fish tissue Prescott Area GRANITE CREEK Hdwtr - Willow Creek Dissolved oxygen WATSON LAKE nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH WILLCOX COCHISE Patagonia/Sonoita Area NOGALES WASH Mexico border - Potrero Creek Copper, ammonia, E. coli, chlorine SANTA CRUZ RIVER Mexico border - Nogales Intl WWTP E. coli Legend Impaired Waterbodies 4 (Not Attaining) 5 (Impaired) Not Attaining/Impaired (EPA) HASSAYAMPA RIVER Cadmium (4A), copper (4A), zinc (4A), low pH (5) Major Streams Lakes 0 BISBEE PARKER CANYON LAKE (EPA) Mercury in fish tissue NOGALES 25 CAVE CREEK Hdwtrs - S. Fork Cave Creek Selenium BREWERY GULCH Hdwtrs - Mule Gulch Copper SIERRA VISTA PRESCOTT CASH MINE CREEK & UNNAMED TRIB Headwaters - Hassayampa River Cadmium, copper, zinc, low pH GILA RIVER New Mexico border - Bitter Creek Suspended sediment, E. coli MULE GULCH Hdwtrs - above Lavender Elfrida Pit Copper SANTA CRUZ ARIVACA LAKE (EPA) Mercury in fish tissue Harshaw Creek Hdwtrs - Sonoita Crk Copper, pH GILA RIVER Skully Creek - San Francisco River Selenium SAN PEDRO RIVER Dragoon W. - Tres Alamos W. Nitrate BENSON SAN FRANCISCO RIVER Blue R. - Limestone Gulch E. coli GILA RIVER Bonita Crk - Yuma W. E. coli LAKESIDE LAKE chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorous SAN PEDRO RIVER Babocomari Crk - Dragoon W. E. coli CLIFTON San Pedro Patagonia/Sonoita Area Sonoita Creek 750 ft blw Patagonia WWTP - Patagonia Lake Zinc, low dissolved oxygen GRAHAM Upper Gila GILA RIVER San Pedro R. to Mineral Crk Suspended sediment LUNA LAKE Nutrients, low DO, high pH GREENLEE MINERAL CREEK Devil's Canyon - Gila R. Copper, selenium, low DO YUMA EAGAR Alpine Pinto Creek TMDL Area QUEEN CREEK Hdwtrs - Potts Canyon Copper Why!?!?!?! LITTLE COLORADO RIVER WF LCR - Carnero Crk Sediment/turbidity CRESCENT LAKE (EPA) high pH APACHE LAKE Low DO PHOENIX GILA RIVER Gillespie Dam - Painted Rocks Pesticides in fish tissue SHOW LOW NUTRIOSO CREEK Nelson Reservoir - Picnic Creek Sediment/turbidity RAINBOW LAKE Nutrients, low DO, high pH FLORENCE Sentinel LITTLE COLORADO RIVER Unnamed reach - Lyman Lake Sediment/turbidity GILA Salt CANYON LAKE Low DO GILA RIVER Salt R. - Centennial W. Pesticides in fish tissue PAINTED ROCK BORROW PIT LAKE, PAINTED ROCK RESERVOIR (EPA) Pesticides in fish LYMAN LAKE (EPA) Mercury in fish tissue TONTO CREEK Headwaters - 341810/1110414 E. coli (4A), phosphorus (5), low DO (5) SALT RIVER Stewart Mtn Dam - Verde R. Low DO MARICOPA APACHE HOLBROOK LITTLE COLORADO RIVER Silver Creek - Carr Wash Sediment, E. coli Young TONTO CREEK 341810/1110414 - Haigler Crk E. coli WICKENBURG HASSAYAMPA RIVER Buckeye Canal - Gila R. Pesticides in fish tissue YUMA LONG LAKE (LOWER) (EPA) Mercury in fish tissue EAST VERDE RIVER Ellison Crk - American Gulch Selenium EAST VERDE RIVER American Gulch - Verde R. Arsenic, boron Sanders LITTLE COLORADO RIVER Porter Tank Draw - McDonalds W. Copper, silver, sediment WINSLOW STONEMAN LAKE Nuts, low DO, high pH PAYSON Middle Gila Ehrenberg CAMP VERDE Prescott Area SANTA MARIA RIVER Little Sycamore Crk Little Shipp W. Mercury QUARTZSITE Oak Creek TMDL Area SOLDIERS & SOLDIERS ANNEX LAKE (EPA) Mercury in fish tissue VERDE RIVER Sediment/turbidity Bagdad Area BILL WILLIAMS RIVER Alamo Lake - Castaneda W. PARKER Ammonia, low DO, high pH WILLIAMS PECK'S LAKE Nuts, low DO, high pH NAVAJO LAKE MARY (UPPER & LOWER) (EPA) Mercury in fish tissue FLAGSTAFF BURRO CREEK Boulder Crk - Black Canyon Crk mercury LAKE HAVASU CITY WHITEHORSE LAKE (EPA) Low DO Seligman Bill Williams KINGMAN Little Colorado/San Juan Cameron DOUGLAS MULE GULCH Bisbee WWTP - H-80 bridge Cadmium, copper, low pH, zinc Mapmaker: Anel Avila Date: November 13, 2008 Datum: NAD 83 Land Ownership State/County/Municipal Watersheds Private INCORPORATED CITIES COUNTIES Federal Tribal 50 ! 75 Towns 100 Miles Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix B: Forms B.10 Arizona List of Unique Waters August 2009 B-23 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-24 August 2009 LIST OF UNIQUE WATERS A.A.C. R18-11-112(E) 1. The West Fork of the Little Colorado River, above Government Springs. 2. Oak Creek, including the West Fork of Oak Creek. 3. Peoples Canyon Creek, tributary to the Santa Maria River. 4. Burro Creek, above its confluence with Boulder Creek. 5. Francis Creek, in Mohave and Yavapai counties. 6. Bonita Creek, tributary to the upper Gila River. 7. Cienega Creek, from confluence with Gardner Canyon and Spring Water Canyon at R18E T17S to USGS gaging station at 32E°02'09" / 110E°40'34", in Pima County. 8. Aravaipa Creek, from its confluence with Stowe Gulch to the downstream boundary of Aravaipa Canyon Wilderness Area. 9. Cave Creek and the South Fork of Cave Creek (Chircahua Mountains), from the headwaters to the Coronado National Forest boundary. 10. Buehman Canyon Creek, from its headwaters (Lat. 32E°24'55.5" N, Long. 110E°39'43.5" W ) t o approximately 9.8 miles downstream (Lat. 32E°24'31.5" N, Long. 10E°32'08" W). 11. Lee Valley Creek, from its headwaters to Lee Valley Reservoir. 12. Bear Wallow Creek, from its headwaters to the boundary of the San Carlos Indian Reservation. 13. North Fork of Bear Wallow Creek, from its headwaters to Bear Wallow Creek. 14. South Fork of Bear Wallow Creek, from its headwaters to Bear Wallow Creek. 15. Snake Creek, from its headwaters to its confluence with Black River; 17. Hay Creek, from its headwaters to its confluence with the West Fork of the Black River; 18. Stinky Creek, from the Fort Apache Indian Reservation boundary to its confluence with the West Fork of the Black River. 19. KP Creek, from its headwaters to its confluence with the Blue River. Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix B: Forms B.11 Sample Inspection Report and Rainfall Data Form August 2009 B-25 Appendix B: Forms Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK B-26 August 2009 Construction Storm Water Inspection Report Construction Site Information AZPDES Permit No. TNR Notice of Coverage (NOC) Date County _________ Name of Project Developer and/or Contractor Name______________________________________________ Outfall Point __________ (or station number or other identifier of drainage area represented) Month/Year Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials January, _______ Inspections Performed Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / February, _______ Inspections Performed Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / March, _______ Inspections Performed Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / April, _______ Inspections Performed Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / May, _______ Inspections Performed Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / June, _______ Inspections Performed Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / July, _______ Inspections Performed Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / August, _______ Inspections Performed Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / September, _______ Inspections Performed Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / October, _______ Inspections Performed Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Page 1 of 2 Construction Storm Water Inspection Report Construction Site Information Month/Year Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials Yes or No / Initials Inspections Performed Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / December, _______ Inspections Performed Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / Date: Yes or No / E&S Controls in Order Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / Yes or No / November, _______ Provide the following information for the person(s) who have performed and initialed the above inspections. If more than two persons have performed these inspections, give information for the two persons who performed the most numbers of inspections. Initials _________ Initials _________ Name ____________________________ __________ Name ____________________________ (_____)__________ Phone No. (____) Phone No. I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated information presented. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, I certify that inspections of storm water discharge points (outfalls) and of erosion and sediment controls have been performed as recorded in the table above. I certify that erosion and sediment controls in the drainage area of the identified outfall were installed as planned and designed and in working order as recorded in the table above. I am aware there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations. Name_______________________Title________________________Signature ___________________ Company____________________________________________ Date _________________________ Information and Instructions 1. The purpose of this form is to report inspections of storm water discharge points and the condition of erosion and sediment controls (E&S Controls) at the construction site. You can determine whether you are discharging to a listed stream by looking at the Notice of Coverage (NOC) returned to you after you applied for the construction runoff permit. 2. You are required to inspect outfall points (where discharges from the site enter streams or wet weather conveyances) to ascertain whether your erosion control measures are effective in preventing soil from leaving the construction site and entering nearby streams. You are also required to inspect the erosion and sediment control measures being used at the site, whether these controls have been installed according to the storm water pollution prevention plan and whether these controls are in working order. These inspections are required at least once per week. 3. For each month, spaces are given for every week of the month. To record the inspections and observations for a given week, write the date on which the inspections were performed in the box labeled “Date:”. In the two boxes immediately below the Date: box, circle Yes or No to indicate if the inspections of outfall points and of the erosion and sediment control measures were performed, and circle Yes or No to indicate if erosion and sediment controls were in place and in working order. Sign your initials beside the yes or no answers that you give. 4. The inspection results shall be submitted (postmarked) by the 15th day of the month following the end of the quarter, to the Environmental Assistance Center responsible for the area of the state where the construction project is located. Quarters are January – March, April – June, July – September, and October - December. Continue to use the same form, submitting it with original signatures each quarter, until the end of the year or until the Notice of Termination is filed. Page 2 of 2 RAINFALL DATA FORM Date Rainfall (24 hr.) Date Rainfall (24 hr.) Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 1Appendix C Appendix C: Links and References LINKS AND REFERENCES TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX C LINKS AND REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-3 C.1 Stormwater Links ........................................................................................C-5 C.2 References ..................................................................................................C-7 August 2009 C-1 Appendix C: Links and References Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK C-2 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County APPENDIX C Appendix C: Links and References LINKS AND REFERENCES This appendix includes links and references to other stormwater discharge permit sources of information and tools; including regulatory agency links, electronic NOI submittal links, fugitive dust regulations, emergency response and notification phone numbers, and interactive BMP databases. August 2009 C-3 Appendix C: Links and References Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK C-4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County C.1 Appendix C: Links and References Stormwater Links Arizona Department of Environmental Quality • Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (AZPDES): www.azdeq.gov/environ/water/permits/azpdes.html • Smart NOI submittal: http://az.gov/webapp/noi/main.do • Downloadable NOI form: www.azdeq.gov/environ/water/permits/download/constnoi.pdf • Downloadable NOT form: www.azdeq.gov/environ/water/permits/download/constnot.pdf • Construction SWPPP checklist: www.azdeq.gov/environ/water/permits/download/cswppp.pdf Arizona Department of Water Resources • Drought tolerant / low water use plant lists: www.water.az.gov/adwr/Content/Conservation/LowWaterPlantLists/ Arizona Emergency Response Commission • Emergency contact phone numbers: www.dem.state.az.us/azserc/epcra.doc Environmental Protection Agency • National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Construction General Permit: http://cfpub1.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgp.cfm • Developing SWPPPs and Best Management Practices: http://cfpub1.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/swppp.cfm • eNOI submittal: http://cfpub2.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/enoi.cfm August 2009 C-5 Appendix C: Links and References • Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Fact Sheet: www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/fact3-0.pdf Maricopa Association of Governments • Environmental Services – Fugitive Dust Rule 310: www.maricopa.gov/envsvc/AIR/RULES/docs/310-0404.pdf • Environmental Services – Construction Dust Contol Guide: www.maricopa.gov/envsvc/AIR/DUST/DustConstGuide.asp • Environmental Services – Revised MAG 1999 Serious Area Particulate Plan for PM-10 for the Maricopa County Nonattainment Area: www.mag.maricopa.gov/archive/PUB/Document/pm-10%20summary.pdf Interactive BMP Database • Idaho Department of Environmental Quality – Catalog of Stormwater Best Management Practices: http://www.deq.state.id.us/water/stormwater_catalog/index.asp • International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database: http://www.bmpdatabase.org/ • Texas Nonpoint Source Book – Runoff Quality Best Management Practices: http://www.txnpsbook.org/BMPs/URBMPS.htm Other Erosion Control Resources • Official NRCS database and RUSLE2 Program website: http://fargo.nserl.purdue.edu/rusle2_dataweb/RUSLE2_Index.htm Phase I and II Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4) within Maricopa County Contact List Contact List of MS4s within Maricopa County C-6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County C.2 Appendix C: Links and References References Phase I Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4) within Maricopa County Contact List City Stormwater Related Contact Information Glendale City of Glendale Engineering Department 5850 W. Glendale Avenue Glendale, AZ 85301 (P) 623-930-2800; (F) 623-915-2695 www.ci.glendale.az.us Mesa City of Mesa Engineering Design and Administration 20 E. Main Street, #500 P.O. Box 1466 Mesa, AZ 85211 (P) 480-644-2251; (F) 480-644-3392 www.ci.mesa.az.us Phoenix City of Phoenix Engineering and Architectural Services Department Environmental Engineering Manager 200 W. Washington Street Phoenix, AZ 85003 (P) 602-262-6011; (F) 602-256-3325 www.phoenix.gov Scottsdale City of Scottsdale Planning and Community Development 3939 Civic Center Boulevard Scottsdale, AZ 85251 (P) 480-312-6500; (F) 480-312-2738 www.scottsdaleaz.gov Tempe City of Tempe Public Works - Engineering P.O. Box 5002 Tempe, AZ 85281 (P) 480-967-2001; (F) 480-350-8996 www.tempe.gov Unincorporated Maricopa County Maricopa County Planning and Development Division 411 N. Central Ave. Phoenix, AZ 85004 (P) 602-506-3301; (F) 602-506-8762 www.maricopa.gov Page 1 of 3 August 2009 C-7 Appendix C: Links and References Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Phase II Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4) within Maricopa County Contact List City Local Stormwater Agency Apache Junction City of Apache Junction Development Services 1001 N. Idaho Road Apache Junction, AZ 85219 (P) 480-982-8002; (F) 480-982-7018 www.ajcity.net Avondale City of Avondale Engineering Department 11465 West Civic Center Drive Avondale, AZ 85323 (P) 623-478-3270; (F) 623-478-3812 www.ci.avondale.az.us Chandler City of Chandler Development Services Division 55 North Arizona Place, #301 Chandler, AZ 85225 (P) 480-782-2220; (F) 480-782-2209 www.chandleraz.org El Mirage City of El Mirage Engineering Division 14405 North Palm Street El Mirage, AZ 85335 (P) 623-972-8318; (F) 623-972-8418 www.cityofelmirage.org Gilbert Town of Gilbert Community Development 50 East Civic Center Drive Gilbert, AZ 85296 (P) 480-503-6000; (F) 480-497-4943 www.ci.gilbert.az.us Goodyear City of Goodyear Community Development Department 190 North Litchfield Road P.O. Box 5100 Goodyear, AZ 85338 (P) 623-932-3910; (F) 623-932-1177 www.ci.goodyear.az.us Page 2 of 3 C-8 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix C: Links and References Phase II Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4) within Maricopa County Contact List (continued) City Local Stormwater Agency Guadalupe Town of Guadalupe Community Development Department 9241 South Avenida del Yaqui Guadalupe, AZ 85283 (P) 480-730-3080; (F) 480-505-5368 www.guadalupeaz.org Litchfield Park City of Litchfield Park Building Department 214 West Wigwam Boulevard Litchfield Park, AZ 85340 (P) 623-935-5033; (F) 623-935-5427 www.litchfield-park.org Paradise Valley Town of Paradise Valley Community Development Department 6401 East Lincoln Drive Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 (P) 480-948-7411; (P) 480-348-3689 www.ci.paradise-valley.az.us Peoria City of Peoria Engineering Division 8401 W. Monroe Peoria, AZ 85345 (P) 623-773-7000; (F) 623-773-7309 www.peoriaaz.com Surprise City of Surprise Development Services Division 12425 W Bell Road, Suite D-100 Surprise, AZ 85374 (P) 623-583-1000; (F) 623-583-1399 www.surpriseaz.com Tolleson City of Tolleson Building and Zoning Enforcement Department 9555 West Van Buren Tolleson. AZ 85353 (P) 623-936-7111; (F) 623-907-2629 www.tollesonaz.org Youngtown Town of Youngtown Public Works/Building Inspector 12030 Clubhouse Square Youngtown, AZ 85363 (P) 623-933-8286; (F) 623-933-5951 www.youngtownaz.org Page 3 of 3 August 2009 C-9 Appendix C: Links and References Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK C-10 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 1Appendix D Appendix D: Glossary GLOSSARY TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX D GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-3 August 2009 D-1 Appendix D: Glossary Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK D-2 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County APPENDIX D Appendix D: Glossary GLOSSARY This appendix includes definitions for those terms most commonly used for stormwater quality and erosion control, and within state and federal regulations (IECA, 2002; NPDES, 2003). For regulatory purposes, NPDES or AZPDES definitions will supercede the definitions below. Term Definition Accretion: Outward growth of bank or shore by sedimentation. Increase or extension of boundaries of land by action of natural forces. Active Construction Area: The area where the contractor intends to be actively involved in soil disturbing work. This may include areas where soils have been disturbed as well as areas where soil disturbance has not yet occurred. Aggradation: General and progressive raising of stream bed by deposition of sediment. Modification of the earth’s surface in the direction of uniformity of grade, or slope, by deposition as in a riverbed. Alluvial: Referring to deposits of silts, sands, gravels and similar detrital material that have been transported by running water. Alluvium: Stream-borne materials deposited in and along a channel. Apron: A lining of the bed of the channel upstream or downstream from a lined or restricted waterway. A floor or lining concrete, rock, etc., to protect a surface from erosion such as the pavement below chutes, spillways, at the toes of dams, or along the toe of bank protection. Aqueduct: (1) A major conduit. (2) The entire transmission main for a municipal water supply that may consist of a succession of canals, pipes, tunnels, etc. (3) Any conduit for water; especially one for a large quantity of flowing water. (4) A structure for conveying a canal over a river or hollow. Aquifer: Water-bearing geologic formations that permit the movement of ground water. Arid Area: Any area receiving less than 10 inches of rainfall per year. Arizona Department of State agency that issues the regulations to control pollutants in stormwater runoff discharges (AZDES permit requirements). Armor: Artificial surfacing of bed, banks, shore or embankment to resist erosion or sour. August 2009 D-3 Appendix D: Glossary Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Arroyo: Waterway of an ephemeral stream deeply carved in rock or ancient alluvium. Avulsion: (1) A Forcible separation; also, a part torn off. (2) The sudden removal of land from the estate of one person to that of another, as by a sudden change in a river. (3) A sudden shift in channel location. AZPDES Permit: Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System; the Arizona specific version of the Arizona specific version of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (see NPDES below). This permit is an authorization, license, or equivalent control document issued by ADEQ to implement the requirements of the NPDES program. Backfill: Earth refilling a trench or an excavation. Backing Layer: A layer of graded rock between rock riprap and underlying engineering fabric or filter layer to prevent extrusion of the soil or filter layer material through the riprap. Backwater: An unnaturally high level in a stream caused by obstruction or confinement of flow, such as a dam, bridge, or levee. Baffle: A pier, vane, sill, fence, wall or mound built on the bed of a stream to parry, deflect, check or disturb the flow or to float on the surface to deflect or dampen cross currents or waves. Bank: The lateral boundary of a stream confining water flow. The bank on the left side of a channel looking downstream is called the left bank, etc. Bank Protection: Revetment, or other armor protecting a bank of a stream from erosion, includes devices used to deflect the forces of erosion away from the bank. Bar: An elongated deposit of alluvium within a channel or across its mouth. Barrier: A low dam or rack built to control flow of debris. Base Flood: The flood or tide having a 1 percent chance of being exceeded in any given year (100-year flood). The “base flood” is commonly used as the “standard flood” in Federal flood insurance studies. Base Floodplain: The area subject to flooding by the base flood. Base Flow: The flow contribution to a creek by groundwater. During dry periods, base flow constitutes the majority of stream flow. Basin: (1) The surface area tributary to a stream or lake. (2) Space above or below ground capable of retaining or detaining water or debris. D-4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix D: Glossary Bed: The earth below any body of water, limited laterally by bank or shore. Bed Load: Sediment that moves by rolling, sliding, or skipping along the bed and is essentially in contact with the streambed. Bedding: The foundation under a drainage structure. Berm: An earthen mound used to direct the flow of runoff around or through a structure. Best Available Treatment A level of technology based on the best (state of the art) control and treatment measures that have been developed or are capable of being developed and that are economically achievable within the appropriate industrial category. Best Management Structural devices or nonstructural practices that are designed to prevent pollutants from entering into stormwater flows, to direct the flow of stormwater or to treat polluted stormwater flows. Bluff: A high, steep bank composed of erodible materials. Boulder: Largest rock transported by a stream or rolled in the surf; arbitrarily heavier that 12kg and larger than 200mm. Braided Stream: A stream in which flow is divided at normal stage by small islands. This type of stream has the aspect of a single large channel with which there are subordinate channels. Buffer Strip or Zone: Strip of erosion-resistant vegetation between a waterway and an area of more intensive land use. Bulkhead: A steep or vertical structure placed on a bank, bluff, or embankment to retain or prevent sliding of the land and protect the inland area against damage. Bulking: The increase in volume of flow due to air entrainment, debris, bed load, or suspended sediment. Canal: An artificial open channel. Canvas: A sheet of waterproof material used to cover and protect materials, equipment, or vehicles. Capacity: The effective carrying ability of a drainage structure. Generally measured in cubic feet per second. Capillary Water: Water that clings to soil particles by capillary action. It is normally associated with fine sand, silt, or clay, but not normally with coarse sand and gravel. August 2009 D-5 Appendix D: Glossary Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Catch Basin: A drainage structure that collects water. May be either a structure where water enters from the side or through a grating. CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Responsibility Compensation and Liabilities Act. Channel: The space above the bed and between banks occupied by a stream. Channelization: The process of making a channel of channels. A channel is the bed of a stream or river, or hollow or course in which a stream flows. Check: A sill or weir in a channel to control stage or velocity. Check Dam: A temporary dam across a swale or gully to reduce gully erosion, or placed bank to bank downstream from a headcut; often used in series. A small dam generally placed in steep ditches for the purpose of reducing the velocity in the ditch. Cienega: A swamp formed by water rising to the surface at a fault. Clean Water Act: The Federal Water Pollution Control Act enacted in 1972 by Public Law 92-500 and amended by the Water Quality Act of 1987. The Clean Water Act prohibits the discharge of pollutants to Waters of the United States unless said discharge is in accordance with NPDES permit. The 1987 amendments include guidelines for regulating municipal, industrial, and construction stormwater discharges under the NPDES program. Cleanout: An access opening to a roadway drainage system. Usually consists of a manhole shaft, a special chamber or opening into a shallow culvert or drain. Cloudburst: Rain storm of great intensity usually over a small area for a short duration. Cobble: Rock smaller than a boulder and larger that gravel; arbitrarily 0.5 to 12 kg, or 75 to 200 mm in diameter. Coefficient of Runoff: Percentage of gross rainfall that appears as runoff. Composite Hydrograph: A plot of mean daily discharges for a number of years of record on a single year time base for the purpose of showing the occurrence of high and low flows. Concentrated Flow: Flowing water that has been accumulated into a single fairly narrow stream. Concentration: In addition to its general sense, means the unnatural collection or convergence of waters so as to discharge in a narrower width, and at greater depth or velocity. D-6 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix D: Glossary Concrete Aprons: A pad of non-erosive material designed to prevent scour holes developing at the outlet ends of culverts, outlet pipes, grade stabilization structures, and other water control devices. Conduit: Any channel or pipe for directing the flow of water. Cone: Physiographic form of sediment deposit washed from a gorge channel onto an open plain; a debris cone, also called an alluvial fan. Confluence: A junction of streams. Constriction: An obstruction narrowing a waterway. Construction Activity: Includes clearing, grading, or excavation and contractor activities that result in soil disturbance. Construction Site: The area involved in a construction project as a whole. Contraction: The reduction in cross sectional area of flow. Contractor: Party responsible for carrying out the contract per plans and specifications. Control: (1) A section or reach of an open conduit or stream channel that maintains a stable relationship between stage and discharge. (2) For flood, erosion, debris, etc., remedial means or procedure restricting damage to a tolerable level. Conveyance: (1) A measure of the water carrying capacity of a stream or channel. (2) Any natural or man-made channel or pipe in which concentrated water flows. Corrasion: Erosion or scour by abrasion in flowing water. Corrosion: Erosion by chemical action. Creek: A small stream, usually active. Culvert: A covered channel or a large-diameter pipe that directs water flow below the ground level. Current: Flow of water, both as a phenomenon and as a vector. Usually qualified by adjectives like downward, littoral, tidal, etc. to show relation to a pattern of movement. Current Meter: An instrument for measuring the velocity of a current. It is usually operated by a wheel equipped with vanes or cups that is rotated by the action of the impinging current. An indicating or recording device is provided to indicate the speed of rotation, which is correlated with the velocity of the current. August 2009 D-7 Appendix D: Glossary Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Debris: Any material including floating woody material and other trash, suspended sediment, or bed load moved by a flowing stream. Debris Barrier: A deflector placed at the entrance of a culvert upstream, which tends to deflect heavy floating debris or boulders away from the culvert entrance during high-velocity flow. Degradation: General and progressive lowering of the longitudinal profile of a channel by erosion. Delta: System of channels through an alluvial plain at the mouth of a stream. Denuded: Land stripped of vegetation such as grass, or land that has been worn down due to impacts from the elements or humans. Deposit: An earth mass of particles settled or stranded from moving water or wind. Depth: Vertical distance, (1) from surface to bed of a body of water, or (2) from crest or crown to invert of a conduit. Design Flood: The peak discharge (when appropriate, the volume, stage, or wave crest elevation) of the flood associated with the probability of exceedance selected for the design of an encroachment in a FEMA flood plain. Design Frequency: The recurrence interval for hydrologic events used for design purposes. As an example, a design frequency of 50 years means a storm of a magnitude that would be expected to recur on the average of every 50 years. Design Storm: That particular storm that contributes runoff that drainage facilities were designed to handle. This storm is selected for design on the basis of its probability of exceedance or average recurrence interval. Detention: A stormwater system that delays the downstream progress of stormwater runoff in a controlled manner, typically by using temporary storage areas and a metered outlet device. Detention Storage: Surface water allowed to temporarily accumulate in ponds, basins, reservoirs or other types of holding facility and that is ultimately returned to a watercourse or other drainage system as runoff. Detritus: Loose material such as: rock, sand, silt, and organic particles. Dike: An embankment to confine or control water, often built along the banks of a river to prevent overflow of lowlands; a levee. Discharge: A release or flow of stormwater or other substance from a conveyance or storage container. D-8 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix D: Glossary Dissipate: Expend or scatter harmlessly, as of energy of moving water. Disturbed Areas: Areas that have been purposefully cleared, grubbed, excavated, or graded by the contractor; ground surface that has been disrupted by construction activities, including construction access/roads, staging, and storage sites producing significant areas of exposed soil and soil piles. Ditch: Small artificial channel, usually unlined. Diversion: (1) The change in character, location, direction, or quantity of flow of a natural drainage course (a deflection of floodwater is not a diversion). (2) Draft of water from one channel to another. (3) Interception of runoff by works that discharge it through unnatural channels. Downdrain: A prefabricated drainage facility assembled and installed in the field for the purpose of transporting water down steep slopes. Drainage: (1) The process of removing surplus ground or surface water by artificial means. (2) The system by which the waters of an area are removed. (3) The area from which waters are drained; a drainage basin. Drainage Area: (Drainage Basin) (Basin) That portion of the earth’s surface upon which falling precipitation flows to a given location. Drainage Course: Any path along which water flows when acted upon by gravitational forces. Drainage Divide: The rim of a drainage basin. A series of high points from which water flows in two directions, to the basin and away from the basin. Drainage System: Usually a system of underground conduits and collector structures that flows to a single point of discharge. Drift: (1) Floating or non-mineral burden of a stream. (2) Deviation from a normal course in a cross current, as in littoral drift. Drip Guard: A device used to prevent drips of fuel, or corrosive or reactive chemicals from contacting other materials or areas. Dry Weather Flows: A small amount of water that flows almost continually due to lawn watering, irrigation or springs. Dune: A sand wave of approximately triangular cross section (in a vertical plane in the direction of flow) formed by moving water or wind, with gentle upstream slope and steep downstream slope and deposition on the downstream slope. Easement: Right to use the land of others. August 2009 D-9 Appendix D: Glossary Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Eddy: Rotational flow around a vertical axis. Embankment: The part of the soil next to a stream, lake, or body of water where the soil elevation adjacent to the water is higher than the water level; usually referred to as the bank. Endwall: A wall placed at the end of a culvert. It may serve three purposes: One, to hold the embankment away from the pipe and prevent sloughing into the pipe outlet channel; two, to provide a wall that will prevent erosion of the roadway fill; and three, to prevent flotation of the pipe. Energy Dissipater: A structure for the purpose of slowing the flow of water and reducing the erosive forces present in any rapidly flowing body of water. Entrance: The upstream approach transition to a constricted waterway. Entrance Head: The head required to cause flow into a conduit or other structure; it includes both entrance loss and velocity head. Entrance Loss: The head lost in eddies and friction at the inlet to a conduit or structure. Environmental Protection Federal agency that issues the regulations to control pollutants in stormwater runoff discharges (The Clean Water Act and NPDES permit requirements). Ephemeral Stream: A stream that flows in an arid region in response only to a precipitation event. Erosion: The wearing away of land surface by wind or water. Erosion occurs naturally from weather or runoff but can be intensified by landclearing practices related to farming, residential or industrial development, road building, or timber cutting. Erosion Control Blanket: Blanket made from straw, coir, excelsior, or synthetic material and enveloped in plastic or biodegradable netting. Used to stabilize disturbed or highly erosive soils while vegetation is established. Temporary blankets made from biodegradable or photodegradable components last several months to a year, and permanent blankets (also called turf reinforcement mats) can last for several years. Evaporation: A process whereby water as a liquid is changed into water vapor, typically through heat supplied from the sun. Excavation: The process of removing earth, stone, or other materials. Existing Vegetation: Any vegetated area that has not already been cleared and grubbed. D-10 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix D: Glossary Fertilizer: Materials such a nitrogen and phosphorus that provide nutrients for plants. Commercially sold fertilizers may contain other chemicals or may be in the form of processed sewage sludge. Filter Fabric: Textile of relatively small mesh or pore size that is used to (a) allow water to pass through while keeping sediment out (permeable), or (b) prevent both runoff and sediment from passing through (impermeable). Flood Frequency: Also referred to as exceedance interval, recurrence interval or return period; the average time interval between actual occurrences of a hydrological event of a given or greater magnitude; the percent chance of occurrence is the reciprocal of flood frequency, e.g., a 2 percent chance of occurrence is the reciprocal statement of a 50-year flood. Flood Plain: The position occupied by the water surface of a stream during a particular flood. Also, loosely, the elevation of the water surface at various points along the stream during a particular flood. Flood Stage: The elevation at which overflow of the natural banks of a stream begins to cause damage in the reach in which the elevation is measured. Floodplain: Normally dry land areas subject to periodic temporary inundation by stream flow or tidal overflow. Land formed by deposition of sediment by water; alluvial land. Floodplain Encroachment: An action within the limits of the base flood plain. Flow: A term used to define the movement of water, silt, sand, etc.; discharge; total quantity carried by a stream. Flow Regime: The system or order characteristic of stream flows with respect to velocity, depth and specific energy. Friction: Energy-dissipating conflict among turbulent water particles disturbed by irregularities of channel surface. Gabion: Baskets (usually made of wire) filled with rock or broken pieces of concrete, used for building erosion control structures General Permit: A permit applicable to a class or category of dischargers. Grading: The cutting and/or filling of the land surface to a desired slope or elevation. Gradient (Slope): The rate of ascent or descent expressed as a percent or as decimal as determined by the ratio of the change in elevation to the length. Gravel: Soil particles ranging from 1/5 inch to 3 inches in diameter August 2009 D-11 Appendix D: Glossary Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Gulch: A relatively young, well-defined and sharply cut erosional channel. Gully: Diminutive of gulch. Hazardous Substance: 1. Any material that poses a threat to human health and/or the environment. Typical hazardous substances are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive, or chemically reactive. 2. EPA reports hazardous quantities of certain substances if they are spilled or discharged into the waters of the United States. Hazardous Waste: By-products of society that can pose a substantial or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly managed. Possesses at least one of four characteristics (flammable, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity), or appears on special EPA lists. Head: Represents an available force equivalent to a certain depth of water. This is the motivating force in effecting the movement of water. The height of water above any point or plane of reference. Used also in various compound expressions, such as energy head, entrance head, friction head, static head, pressure head, lost head, etc. Holding Pond: A pond or reservoir, usually made of earth, built to store polluted runoff for a limited time. Hydraulic: Pertaining to water in motion and the mechanics of the motion. Hydraulic Gradient: A line that represents the relative force available due to the potential energy available. This is a combination of energy due to the height of the water and the internal pressure. In any open channel, this line corresponds to the water and the internal pressure. Hydrologic: Pertaining to the cyclic phenomena of waters of the earth; successively as precipitation, runoff, storage and evaporation, and quantitatively as to distribution and concentration. Hydrophyte: A perennial vascular aquatic plant having its overwriting buds under water; a plant growing in water or in soil too waterlogged for most plants to survive. Hydrostatic: Pertaining to pressure by and within water due to gravitation acting through depth. Hyetograph: Graphical representation of rainfall intensity against time. Illicit Connection: Any man-made conveyance connecting a discharge (not composed entirely of stormwater) directly to a municipal separate storm sewer (MS4). Such discharges may be conveying sewage, process wastewater, and wash water to the storm drain system. D-12 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix D: Glossary Illicit Discharge: Any non-stormwater flow either intentionally or inadvertently discharged to the municipal separate storm sewer (MS4). This does not include discharges authorized by an NPDES or AZPDES permit or discharges resulting from fire fighting activities. Impervious Surface: Hard ground cover that prevents or retards the entry of water into the soil and increases runoff, such as asphalt, concrete, rooftops. Incised Channel: Channel that has been cut relatively deep into underlying formation by natural processes. Characteristics include relatively straight alignment and high, steep banks such that overflow rarely occurs, if ever. Infiltration: 1. The penetration of water through the ground surface into subsurface soil or the penetration of water from the soil into sewer or other pipes through defective joints, connections, or manhole walls. 2. A land application technique where large volumes of wastewater are applied to land and allowed to penetrate the surface and percolate through the underlying soil. Inlet: An entrance into a ditch, storm sewer, or other waterway. Inlet Transition: A special entrance to a box or pipe culvert that is shaped in such a manner that in passing from one flow condition to another, the minimum turbulence or interference with flow is permitted. Isohyet/Isohyetal Line: A line drawn on a map or chart joining points that receive the same amount of precipitation. Isohyetal Map: A map containing isohyetal lines and showing rainfall intensities. Jet: An effluent stream from a restricted channel, including a fast current through a slower stream. Lag: Variously defined as time from beginning (or center of mass) of rainfall to peak (or center of mass) of turnoff. Laminar Flow: That type of flow in which each particle moves in a direction parallel to every other particle and in which the head loss is approximately proportional to the velocity (as opposed to turbulent flow). Leaching: The process by which soluble constituents are dissolved in solvent such as water and carried down through the soil. Level Spreader: A device used to spread out stormwater runoff uniformly over the ground surface as sheet flow (i.e., not through channels). The purposes of level spreaders are to prevent concentrated erosive flows from occurring and to enhance infiltration. August 2009 D-13 Appendix D: Glossary Liner: Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 1. A relatively impermeable barrier designed to prevent leachate from leaking from a landfill. Liner materials include plastic and dense clay. 2. An insert or sleeve for sewer pipes to prevent leakage or infiltration. Local Depression: A low area in the pavement or in the gutter established for the special purpose of collecting surface waters on a street and directing these waters into a drainage inlet. Material Storage Areas: On site locations where raw materials, products, final products, byproducts, or waste materials are stored. Mature: Classification for streams that have established flat gradients not subject to further scour. Maximum Extent A standard for water quality that applies to all MS4 operators regulated under the NPDES Stormwater Program. Since no precise definition of MEP exists, it allows for maximum flexibility on the part of MS4 operators as they develop and implement their programs. Mean Depth: For a stream at any stage, the wetted normal section divided by the surface width. Hydraulic mean depth. Meander Plug (Clay Plug): Deposits of cohesive materials in old channel bend-ways. These plugs are sufficiently resistant to erosion to serve as essentially semi-permanent geological controls to advancing channel migrations. Mulch: A natural or artificial layer of plant residue or other materials covering the land surface which conserves moisture, holds soil in place, aids in establishing plant cover, and minimizes temperature fluctuations. Multi-Sector General A NPDES permit that regulates stormwater discharges from eleven categories of industrial activities. Municipal Separate A publically-owned conveyance or system of conveyances that discharges to waters of the U.S. and is designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater, is not a combined sewer, and is not part of a publicly-owned treatment works. Nonactive Construction Any area not considered to be an active construction area. Typically, active construction areas become nonactive construction areas whenever construction activities are expected to be discontinued. Non-Point Sources (NPS): Diffuse sources from which contaminants originate (i.e. airborne, urban runoff) to accumulate in surface water or groundwater. D-14 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix D: Glossary These sources can add to a cumulative problem with serious health or environmental consequences. Nonuniform Flow: A flow in which the velocities vary from point to point along the stream or conduit, due to variations in cross section, slope, etc. Notice of Intent (NOI): An application to notify the permitting authority of a facility's intention to be covered by a general permit; exempts a facility from having to submit an individual or group application. Facilities can now submit electronic NOIs in Arizona through the SmartNOI program. Notice of Termination Form to notify authorities when a construction project is complete. NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. NPDES Permit: An authorization, license, or equivalent control document issued by EPA or an approved State agency to implement the requirements of the NPDES program. Offsite Drainage: Flow of water that originates outside the property. Oil and Grease Traps: Devices which collect oil and grease, removing them from water flows. Oil Sheen: A thin, glistening layer of oil on water. Oil/Water Separator: A device installed, usually at the entrance to a drain, which remove soil and grease from water flows entering the drain. Onsite Drainage: Flow of water that originates inside the property. Open Channel: Any conveyance in which water flows with a free surface. Organic Pollutants: Substances containing carbon which may cause pollution problems in receiving streams. Organic Solvents: Liquid organic compounds capable of dissolving solids, gases, or liquids. Outfall: The point, location, or structure where wastewater or drainage discharges from a sewer pipe, ditch, or other conveyance to a receiving body of water. Permeability: The property of soils that permits the passage of any fluid. Permeability depends on grain size, void ratio, shape and arrangement of pores. Permeable: Open to passage of fluids, as for (1) pervious soils and (2) bankprotection structures. August 2009 D-15 Appendix D: Glossary Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Permit: An authorization, license, or equivalent control document issued by EPA or an approved state agency to implement the requirements of an environmental regulation; e.g., a permit to operate a wastewater treatment plant or to operate a facility that may generate harmful emissions. Permit Issuing Authority: The state agency or EPA Regional office which issues NPDES or other environmental permits to regulated facilities. Physiographic Region: A geographic area whose pattern of landforms differ significantly from that of adjacent regions. Plunge Pool: A basin used to slow flowing water; usually constructed to a design depth and shape. The pool may be protected from erosion by various lining materials. Point of Concentration: That point at which the water flowing from a given drainage area concentrates. Point Sources: A source of pollutants from a single point of conveyance such as a pipe, conduit, ditch, channel, tunnel, or container. Pollutant: Generally, any substance introduced into the environment that adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. Porous Pavement: A surface that will allow water to penetrate through and percolate into soil (porous asphalt pavement). Pavement is comprised of irregular shaped crush rock pre-coated with asphalt binder. Water seeps through into lower layers of gravel for temporary storage, and then filters naturally into the soil. Potamology: The hydrology of streams. Practicable: Capable of being done within reasonable natural, social and economic constraints. Precipitation: Discharge of atmospheric moisture as rain, snow, or hail, measured in depth of fall or in terms of intensity of fall in unit time. Preventative Maintenance: A schedule of inspections and testing at regular intervals intended to prevent equipment failures and deterioration. Rainwash: The creep of soil lubricated by rain. Rapidly Varied Flow: In this type of flow, changes in depth and velocity take place over short distances, acceleration forces dominate, and energy loss due to friction is minor. RCRA: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Reportable Quantity (RQ): The quantity of a hazardous substance or oil that triggers reports under CERCLA or the Clean Water Act. If a substance is released D-16 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix D: Glossary in amounts exceeding its RQ, the release must be reported to the National Response Center, the State Emergency Response Commission, and community emergency coordinators for areas likely to be affected. Retarding Basin: Either a natural or man-made basin with the specific function of delaying the flow of water from one point to another. This tends to increase the time that it takes all the water falling on extremities of the drainage basin to reach a common point, resulting in a reduced peak flow at that point. Residual: Amount of pollutant remaining in the environment after a natural or technological process has taken place, e.g., the sludge remaining after initial wastewater treatment, or particulates remaining in air after the air passes through a scrubbing or other pollutant removal process. Retention: The storage of stormwater to prevent it from leaving the development site; may be temporary or permanent. Retrofit: The modification of stormwater management systems in developed areas through the construction of wet ponds, infiltration systems, wetland plantings, stream bank stabilization, and other BMP techniques for improving water quality. A retrofit can consist of the construction of a new BMP in the developed area, the enhancement of an older stormwater management structure, or a combination of improvement and new construction. Revegetation: Reestablishing vegetative cover on ground that has been disturbed, such as a construction site. Revised Universal Soil An equation developed to estimate annual soil loss based on watershed characteristics. Every factor in the predecessor equation, USLE, was updated and revised to better reflect actual field conditions. Rill Erosion: The formation of numerous, closely spread streamlets due to uneven removal of surface soils by stormwater or other water. Riparian Habitat: Areas adjacent to rivers and streams that have a high density, diversity, and productivity of plant and animal species relative to nearby uplands. Riprap: A layer, facing, or protective mound of stones, randomly placed to prevent erosion or scour at a structure or embankment; also the stone so used Runon: Stormwater surface flow or other surface flow which enters property other than that where it originated. August 2009 D-17 Appendix D: Glossary Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Runoff: That part of precipitation, snowmelt, or irrigation water that runs off the land into streams or other surface water. It can carry pollutants from the air and land into the receiving waters. Scour: The clearing and digging action of flowing water, especially the downward erosion caused by stream water in sweeping away mud and silt from the stream bed and outside bank of a curved channel. Secondary Containment: Structures, usually dikes or berms, surrounding tanks or other storage containers and designed to catch spilled material from the storage containers. Sediment Trap: A device for removing sediment from water flows; usually installed at outfall points. Sedimentation: The process of depositing soil particles, clays, sands, or other sediments that were picked up by runoff. Sediments: Soil, sand, and minerals washed from land into water usually after rain, that pile up in reservoirs, rivers, and harbors, destroying fishnesting areas and holes of water animals and clouding the water so that needed sunlight might not reach aquatic plants. Careless farming, mining, and building activities will expose sediment materials, allowing them to be washed off the land after rainfalls. Seepage: Groundwater emerging on the face of a stream bank Sheet Erosion: Erosion of thin layers of surface materials by continuous sheets of running water. Sheet flow The portion of precipitation that moves initially as overland flow in very shallow depths before eventually reaching a stream channel Slide: Gravitational movement of an unstable mass of earth from its natural position. Slipout: Gravitational movement of an unstable mass of earth from its constructed position. Applied to embankments and other man-made earthworks. Sloughing: The movement of unstabilized soil layers down a slope due to excess water in soils. Soil: The unconsolidated mineral and organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants. Source Control: A practice or structural measure (such as covering) to prevent pollutants from entering stormwater runoff or other waste materials. Spill Guard: A device used to prevent spills of liquid materials from storage containers. D-18 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix D: Glossary Spill Prevention Control Plan consisting of structures, such as curbing, and action plans to prevent and respond to spills of hazardous substances as defined in the Clean Water Act. Steady Flow: A flow in which the flow rate or quantity of fluid passing a given point per unit of time remains constant. Storage: Detention, or retention of water for future flow, naturally in channel and marginal soils or artificially in reservoirs. Storm Drain: A slotted opening leading to an underground pipe or an open ditch for carrying surface runoff. Stormwater: Precipitation and surface runoff that accumulates from a storm event and/or snow melt runofft. Stormwater Discharge: Any discharge to surface waters, storm drains, or any other stormwater drainage facility that is composed entirely of runoff due to a storm event and/or snow melt runoff. Stormwater Management: Functions associated with planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, financing, and regulating the facilities (both constructed and natural) that collect, store, control, and/or convey stormwater Stormwater Pollution: A plan to describe a process though which a facility thoroughly evaluates potential pollutant sources at a site and selects and implements appropriate measures designed to prevent or control the discharge of pollutants in stormwater runoff Stormwater Pollution A plan to describe a process whereby a facility thoroughly evaluates potential pollutant sources at a site and selects and implements appropriate measures designed to prevent or control the discharge of pollutants in stormwater runoff. Subdrain: A conduit for collecting and disposing of underground water. It generally consists of a pipe, with perforations in the bottom through which water can enter. Subsoil: The bed or stratum of earth lying below the surface soil. Sump: A pit or tank that catches liquid runoff for drainage or disposal. Surface Impoundment: Treatment, storage, or disposal of liquid wastes in ponds. Surface runoff: The portion of rainfall that moves over the ground toward a lower elevation and does not infiltrate the soil Surface Water: All water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, streams, wetlands impoundments, seas, estuaries, etc.); also refers to springs, wells, or other collectors which are directly influenced by surface water. August 2009 D-19 Appendix D: Glossary Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Suspended Sediments: Organic or inorganic particles that are suspended in and carried by the water. The term includes sand, mud, and clay particles as well as solids in wastewater. Swale: A swallow, gentle depression in earth’s surface. This tends to collect the waters to some extent and is considered in a sense as a drainage course, although waters in swale are not considered stream waters. Temporary Construction BMPs that are required only temporarily to address a short-term stormwater contamination threat. For example, silt fences are located near the base of newly graded slopes that have a substantial area of exposed soil. Then, during rainfall, the silt fences filter and collect sediment from runoff flowing off the slope. Time of Concentration: The time required for storm runoff to flow from the most remote point, in flow time, of a drainage area to the point under consideration. It is usually associated with the design storm. Topography: The physical features of a surface area including relative elevations and the position of natural and man-made features. Total dissolved solids (TDS) means the total dissolved (filterable) solids as determined by the use of methods specified in 40 CFR part 136. Total Maximum The maximum allowable loading of a pollutant that a designated water body can assimilate and still meet numeric and narrative water quality standards. TMDLs were established by the 1972 Clean Water Act. Section 303(d) of the US Water Quality Act requires states to identify water bodies that do not meet federal water quality standards. In 1996 the states developed (with EPA approval) a list of water bodies that failed to meet section 303(d) standards. These are the focus of TMDLs. Allocation of named pollutants is on percentage basis. Toxic Pollutants: Materials contaminating the environment that cause death, disease, and/or birth defects in organisms that ingest or absorb them. The quantities and length of exposure necessary to cause these effects can vary widely. Transport: To carry solid material in a stream in solution, suspension, saltation, or entrainment. Trash Rack: A grid or screen across a stream designed to catch floating debris. Treatment: The act of applying a procedure or chemicals to a substance to remove undesirable pollutants. Tributary: A river or stream that flows into a larger river or stream. Turbidity: A measure of the amount of material suspended in water. Increasing the turbidity of the water decreases the amount of light that D-20 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix D: Glossary penetrates the water column. High levels of turbidity are harmful to aquatic life. Undercut: Erosion of the low part of a steep bank so as to compromise stability of the upper part. Underflow: The downstream flow of water through permeable deposits that underlie a stream. (1) Movement of water through a pervious subsurface stratum, the flow of percolating water, or water under ice, or under a structure. (2) The rate of flow or discharge of subsurface water. Unsteady Flow: A flow in which the velocity changes with respect to space and time. Urbanized Area (UA): A Bureau of the Census determination of a central place (or places) and the adjacent densely settled surrounding territory that together have a minimum residential population of 50,000 people and a minimum average density of 1,000 people/square mile. Urban Runoff: Stormwater runoff from urban areas, which tends to contain high concentrations of pollutants (compared to outlying, lower density developments). The source of the increased concentration of pollutants are due to urban activities, such as petroleum products on streets and parking lots and offsite drainage from residential and a variety of industrial sources. Velocity: The rate of motion of objects or particles, or of a stream of particles. Vegetative Filter Strip: Usually long, relatively narrow area of undisturbed or planted vegetation used to retard or collect sediment for the protection of watercourses, reservoirs, or adjacent properties. Wash: Floodplain or active channel of an ephemeral stream, usually in recent alluvium. Water Table: The depth or level below which the ground is saturated with water. Waters of the United As defined by 40 FRC 404; (1) (2) (3) August 2009 All waters which are currently used, were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide; All interstate waters, including interstate wetlands; All other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds the use, degradation, or destruction of which would affect or could affect interstate or foreign com- D-21 Appendix D: Glossary Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County (4) (5) (6) (7) merce including any such waters: (a) Which are or could be used by interstate or foreign travelers for recreational or other purposes; (b) From which fish or shellfish are or could be taken and sold in interstate or foreign commerce; or (c) Which are used or could be used for industrial purposes by industries in interstate commerce; All impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the United States under this definition; Tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition; The territorial sea; and 'Wetlands' adjacent to waters (other than waters that are themselves wetlands) identified in paragraphs (1) through (6) of this definition. Watershed: Geographical area that drains to a specified point on a water course, usually a confluence of streams or rivers. Also known as drainage area, catchment, or river basin. (In the UK the term "watershed" refers to what in the US is called the drainage divide, and the term "catchment" refers to what in the US is called a watershed.) Waterway: A channel for the passage or flow of water. Weephole: Opening left in a revetment or bulkhead to allow groundwater drainage Wet Well: A chamber used to collect water or other liquid, and to which a pump is attached. Wetlands: An area that is regularly saturated by surface or ground water and subsequently is characterized by a prevalence of vegetation that is adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Examples include: swamps, bogs, fens, marshes, and estuaries. Windbreak: (1) A barrier fence or line of trees to break or deflect the velocity of wind. (2) Any device designed to block wind flow and intended for protection against any ill effects of wind, particularly wind erosion. Young: Immature, said of stream on a steep gradient actively scouring its bed toward a more stable grade. D-22 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 1Appendix E Appendix E: Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX E BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-3 E.1 CITED IN TEXT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-3 E.2 RELEVANT TO MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E-3 August 2009 E-1 Appendix E: Bibliography Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK E-2 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix E: Bibliography APPENDIX E BIBLIOGRAPHY E.1 CITED IN TEXT Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County, Volume II, Hydraulics, Flood Control District of Maricopa County, 2003. Goldman, S.J., Jackson, K., and Bursztynsky, T.A., 1986, Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, McGraw Hill Book Company. Public Law 92-500, Federal Water Pollution Act Amendments of 1972 Public Law 95-217, Clean Water Act of 1977 Public Law 100-4, Water Quality Act of 1987 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, January 1997. “Predicting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Agriculture Handbook Number 703, USDA-NRCS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, Tucson, Arizona. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1999, Construction Site Storm Water Runoff Control, National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, 2003. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System General Permit for Discharges from Large and Small Construction Activities. E.2 RELEVANT TO MANUAL Amercian Society of Civil Engineers, 1989, Design of Urban Runoff Quality Controls, L.A. Roesner, Ben Urbonas, Michael B. Sonnen, editors. Amercian Society of Civil Engineers, 1989, Urban Runoff Quality Impact and Quality Enhancement Technology, Ben Urbonas, Michael B. Sonnen, editors. Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), June 1995, Erosion and Pollution Control Manual, Intermodal Transportation Division. CALTRANS, State of California Department of Transportation, March 2003, Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual. Center for Watershed Protection, Inc., Stormwater Manager’s Resource Center (SMRC). Dodson, R.D., 1999, Storm Water Pollution Control: Municipal, Industrial, and Construction August 2009 E-3 Appendix E: Bibliography Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County NPDES Compliance, 2nd edition, McGrawHill. Flood Control District of Maricopa County (FCDMC), 2003, Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County, Volume I, Hydrology. Flood Control District of Maricopa County (FCDMC), 2003, Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County, Volume II, Hydraulics. Environmental Criteria Manual, March 2004, City of Austin, Texas. Federal Register/Vol. 55, No. 222/Friday, Aug.16, 1991, Proposed Rules: 40 CFR Part 122 Federal Register/Vol. 56, No. 159/Friday, Aug.16, 1991, Proposed Rules: 40 CFR Part 122 Federal Register/Vol. 57, No. 64/Thursday, April 2, 1992, 40 CFR Part 122 Fifield, J.S., 2002, Field Manual on Sediment and Erosion Control, Forester Press, Santa Barbara CA. International Erosion Control Association, October 2002, Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC) Exam Review Course Workbook. Maricopa Association of Governments, 1999, Revised MAG 1999 Serious Area Particulate Plan for PM-10 for the Maricopa County Nonattanment Area, Maricopa County, Arizona. Normann, Jerome M., January 1989, Some Personal Thought on Erosion and Sedimentation Control, Smith Demer Normann, Hampton, Virginia. North Carolina Department of Transportation, August 2003, Best Management Practices for Construction and Maintenance Activities, Chapter 5.0 “Operation Best Management Practices”. North Carolina State University, (NCSU) North Carolina Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Measures North Central Texas Council of Governments, December 2003, integrated Storm Water Management (iSWM) Design Manual for Construction. Ohio Federation of Soil and Water Conservation Districts, March 1991, Keeping Soil on Construction Sites; Best Management Practices, Video, 78 minutes. Smolen, M.D., September 1988, North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual, North Carolina Sediment Control Commission, et al. Storm and Surface Water Utility, Water Quality for Construction Businesses, First Edition, 1990, City of Bellevue, Washington. Tacoma Public Works Environmental Services, January 1993, City of Tacoma Surface Water Management Manual Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention. E-4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County Appendix E: Bibliography U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1996, Water Quality Indicators Guide: Surface Waters, Soil Conservation Service, SCS-TP-161. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation District, 1987, Soil Erosion by Water, Agriculture Information Bulletin #513. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1970, Controlling Erosion of Construction Sites, Agriculture Information Bulletin #347. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, April 1991, Guidance Manual for the Preparation of NPDES Permit Applications for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activity. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, September 1992, Stormwater Management for Construction Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92-005. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Kamber Engineering, April 1991, Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, Gaithersberg, Maryland. Urban Drainage and Flood Control District, Construction BMPs Chapter of Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, Vol. 3: Best Management Practices, 1999 Denver, Colorado. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1992, Virginia Erosion and Sedimentation Control Handbook, Third Edition. Washington Department of Ecology, August 2001, Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Publications #99-11 through 99-15. Zaniewski, J.P., Bennett, A.K., 1989, Consumers Guide to Dust Control Technologies, Center for Advanced Research in Transportation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Arizona State University. August 2009 E-5 Appendix E: Bibliography E-6 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County 1Appendix F Appendix F: Vendor List VENDOR LIST TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX F F.1 F.2 F.3 August 2009 VENDOR LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-3 Vendor Products for Erosion Control BMPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-5 Vendor Products for Sediment and Pollutant Control BMPs . . . . . . . . . . . . F-7 Vendor Products for General Housekeeping BMPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-9 F-1 Appendix F: Vendor List Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK F-2 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County APPENDIX F Appendix F: Vendor List VENDOR LIST This appendix is comprised of a database of vendor BMP (product) information, including product description and contact information. The information is grouped by BMP category. VENDOR PRODUCTS See Section F.1 for vendor products for Erosion Control BMPs. See Section F.2 for vendor products for Sediment and Pollutant Control BMPs. See Section F.3 for vendor products for General Housekeeping BMPs. NOTE: Because of the dynamic nature of this information, the completeness and accuracy of this information cannot be assured. August 2009 F-3 Appendix F: Vendor List Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK F-4 August 2009 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County F.1 Appendix F: Vendor List Vendor Products for Erosion Control BMPs August 2009 F-5 Appendix F: Vendor List Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK F-6 August 2009 Compost Blankets and Lock Down NettingTM Local: (480) 963-4638 Fax: (480) 940-4261 kevin@windsweptorganix.com www.windsweptorganix.com Windswept Organix 850 S. Bogle Ave, Suite 2 Chandler, AZ 85225 September 2004 (Draft) Vortex valves control fluid flow in storm Hydro-Vortex Drop Shafts and drain and can reduce required storage Regu-Flo Vortex valves volume by 30%. Regu-Flo Vortex safely drops vertically falling water from rooftops. Local: (207) 756-6200 Fax: (207) 756-6212 hiltech@hil-tech.com www.hyrointernational.biz/nam/ind_storm.html H.I.L. Technology, Inc. 94 Hutchins Dr. Portland, Maine 04102 EC-11 Outlet Protection/Velocity Dissipation Devices Stainless steel vortex valves reduce flow rate and eliminate combined sewer overflows. Hydro-brakes also are effective detention basin outlet controls. Vortechnics hydrobrakes Local: (207) 885-9830 Fax: (207) 885-9825 vortechnics@vortechnics.com www.vortechnics.com Vortechnics, Inc. 200 Enterprise Drive Scarborough, Maine 04074 EC-11 Outlet Protection/Velocity Dissipation Devices Uses the Filtrexx growing media to provide a reinforced, vegetated waterway when placed length-wise along the channel length. Channel Soxx ROAD OYL Resin Modified Emulsion provides a cold applied high performance treatment for areas of bare earth and for unpaved road surfaces. Formulated from tree resin ingredients. Local: (480) 963-4638 Fax: (480) 940-4261 kevin@windsweptorganix.com www.windsweptorganix.com ROAD OYL Local: (209) 383-3296 Toll Free: (800) 523-9992 Fax: (209) 383-7849 info@sspco.com www.sspco.com Polymer-based emulsion used primarily to stabilize all soils from dust and erosion. After curing, Soiltac becomes completely transparent, and is biodegradable. Windswept Organix 850 S. Bogle Ave, Suite 2 Chandler, AZ 85225 Soil Stabilization Products Company (SSPCo) PO BOX 2779 Merced, CA 95344-0779 Toll Free: (800) 545 -5420 Soilworks®, LLC Fax: (480) 545-5456 681 North Monterey Street, Suite 101 Info@Soiltac.com Gilbert, Arizona 85233 www.Soiltac.com SOILTAC® (polymer dust palliative) A range of lignin, polymer, and blended dust palliatives to stabilize all soils from LIGTACTM, POLYTAC®, TM dust and erosion. The lignin-based DUSTAC®, and DP-Blends products can be blended in with the soil for added compaction density. Local: (602) 251-DUST Fax: (602) 251-3659 NoDust@dustpro.com www.dustpro.com Dust Pro, Inc. 725 South 12th Place Phoenix, AZ 85034 Edge Drains Does not rely on a geotextile for support. Its strength allows it to keep its shape, making it more efficient than and giving it twice the hydraulic flow of other edge drain products. ADS also offers 4" round pipe surrounded by gravel as edge drains. Toll Free: (800)821-6710 info@ads-pipe.com www.ads-pipe.com/us/en/index.shtml 4640 Trueman Boulevard Hilliard, OH 43026 Improved lateral drainage through cell walls results in better performance in saturated soils (16% cell wall open area). Local: (209) 383-3296 Toll Free: (800) 523-9992 Fax: (209) 383-7849 info@sspco.com www.sspco.com Compost Blankets contain the Filtrexx Growing Media for vegetation establishment, and increased water infiltration. Lock Down NettingTM provides an anchor for compost and vegetation, increases the shear strength, and is biodegradable. Description Soil Stabilization Products Company (SSPCo) PO BOX 2779 Merced, CA 95344-0779 GEOWEB® Product(s) Name Contact Information Manufacturer EC-11 Outlet Protection/Velocity Dissipation Devices EC-6 Construction Road Stabilization EC-7 Dust Control EC-4 Pipe Slope Drains EC-1 Erosion Control Mattings EC-2 Mulching Applicable BMPs F-2 Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County F.2 Appendix F: Vendor List Vendor Products for Sediment and Pollutant Control BMPs August 2009 F-7 Appendix F: Vendor List Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK F-8 August 2009 September 2004 (Draft) F-3 Smart Sponge Plus SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Smart Sponge Plus uses an antimicrobial agent, chemically bound to the Smart Sponge polymer, which deactivates microorganisms (including E.coli, S. aureus, and fecal coliforms) without chemical release or leaching. Local: (480) 874-4000 Toll Free: (800) 545 -8999 Fax: (480) 970-1665 dthompson@abtechindustries.com www.oars97.com AbTech Industries 4110 N. Scottsdale Road Suite 235 Scottsdale, AZ 85251 Ultra-Urban Filter with OARS OnBoard SPC-1 Organic Filter Barrier SPC-5 Silt Fence Designed for use in storm drains to remove up to 95% of petroleum hydrocarbons at a flow of 0.1 cfs. The polymer filtration media permanently absorbs oil and grease, while filter captures trash and sediment. Service or replace the Urban Filter every 1-3 years or as needed to remove sediment and debris. Toll Free: (800) 474-5911 Fax: (800) 467-5911 info@stormwater911.com www.stormwater911.com Stormwater 911 PO Box 784 Westfield, IN 46074-0784 SPC-1 SPC-2 SPC-3 SPC-4 SPC-5 SPC-6 SPC-7 Erosion control products include dewatering bags, downspout guards, gully guards, pipe socks, silt fences, and storm wattles. Local: (480) 963-4638 Fax: (480) 940-4261 kevin@windsweptorganix.com www.windsweptorganix.com Windswept Organix 850 S. Bogle Ave, Suite 2 Chandler, AZ 85225 SPC-1 Organic Filter Barrier Erosion control products The weight of the Ditch Chexx keeps it in place under Ditch Chexx, Silt Soxx, the force of flows. Filter Berms, and Silt Soxx Edge SaverTM, Filter Berms, conform to the terrain contour. The EdgeSaverTM, has and Inlet Soxx customizable vegetation (seed, plugs, sprigs, and live stakes) to aid in revegetation. Local: (707) 524-8181 Toll Free: (800) 579-8819 Fax: (707) 524-8186 customercar@kristar.com www.kristar.com KriStar Enterprises, Inc. 5300 Sebastopol Road. P.O. Box 7352 Santa Rosa, CA 95407-0352 Organic Filter Barrier Sand Bag Barrier Gravel Filter Berm Check Dams Silt Fence Revegetation Storm Drain Inlet Protection Curled wood or straw excelsior fiber rolls used on slopes to reduce runoff velocity and erosion offer alternatives to straw bales for storm drain inlet protection. They are designed for a flow of 0.03 Rice Straw Fiber Roll, Slopecfs/linear foot. Periodic inspection/maintenance to Gard remove foreign objects. Fossil Rock should be replaced when the surface of the granules is more than 50% coated with contaminates, typically a six month period. Description Product(s) Name Contact Information Manufacturer Applicable BMPs Aqua-Guard Stormwater Catchbasin Insert Local: (423) 870-8888 Toll Free: (888) 344-9044 Fax: (423) 826-2112 www.aquashieldinc.com AquaShield™ 2733 Kanasita Dr., Suite B Chattanooga, TN 37343 Local: (253) 835-9163 Toll Free: (800) 208-5447 Fax: (253) 835-5477 Aqua Treatment Systems, Inc. info@aquashieldinc.com inquiries@aquashieldinc.com www.gullywasher.com SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Streamguard Catch Basins A sedimentation chamber and dual media filters and separates contaminants from storm water. Hydrocarbons and other contaminates can be reduced Hydro-Kleen Filter Systems to non-detect levels for flows up to 0.15 cfs. Debris should be removed by vacuum and filters should be replaced every 4-6 months. Toll Free: (800) 909-3677 Fax: (888) 234-3677 bmc@bowhead.com www.bowheadmfg.com Local: (810) 229-0123 Toll Free: (800) 526-9629 Fax: (810) 225-7793 hcm@hydrocompliance.com www.hydrocompliance.com Bowhead Manufacturing Hydro Compliance Management, Inc. 815 N. Second St. Brighton, MI 48116 SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection September 2004 (Draft) Hydro-Cartridges Local: (305) 892-8016 Fax: (305) 892-8016 epi.i@usa.net www.barnsides.com/epinternational E.P. International, Inc. 1576 NE 131 Road N. Miami, Fl 33161 Catch basin inserts reduce oil and grease by 93%, sediment by 80%, and trash and debris control. Replace the filter pack as needed. F-4 Cartridge is equipped with hydro pads that are inserted into old or new inlets; captures over 90% of petroleum hydrocarbons. Enviro-Drain Stormwater Filter Insert Local: (360) 563-2850 Toll Free: 800-820-1953 www.enviro-drain.com Enviro-Drain, Inc. System is intended for a flow of about 0.4 cfs and consists of inlet grate, overflow diverter tray, screen unit, and filter tray and is removable for use at next site. Filter tray is available in assorted mesh sizes. Maintenance is required at least once a month to clean the screens and replace filters. Trench drain and catch basin inserts are designed for litter/oil/sediment collection. Routine inspection is required. Also, remove wire basket and replace filter pillow as needed. Custom designed catch basin inserts for drop inlet or curb inlet. Sediment/debris collection area followed by removable filter media. Constructed out of Stainless Steel and HDPE for durability. Aqua-Guard removes 60-80% TSS and removes soluble and insoluble nutrients and dissolved metals. Inspection is recommended on quarterly basis. Vacuum out sediment and replace filter media as needed. Description SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Gullywasher Brand Product(s) Name Contact Information Manufacturer Applicable BMPs The Flo-Gard models are all variations of an insert for curb and grate inlets to collect petroleum hydrocarbons. Uses Fossil Rock adsorbent to remove petroleum based contaminates. Applied to construction site inlets, parking lots, and gas stations. Periodic inspection/maintenance is necessary to remove foreign objects. Fossil Rock should be replaced when the surface of the granules is more than 50% coated with contaminates, typically a six month period. Flo-Gard (Plus, Insert, Supplemental Insert) Pactec, Inc SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection September 2004 (Draft) Metro Chem, Inc. Drain Diaper DrainPac Toll Free: (800) 590-2436 stopspillsnow@aol.com www.spill-kit.com Local: (225) 683-8602 Toll Free: (800) 272-2832 Fax: (225) 683-8711 drainpacinfo@drainpac.com www.drainpac.com F-5 Multi-layer filtration insert can be custom made to conform to any configuration. Equipped with a bypass overflow system. DrainPac reduces levels of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons to non-detect level for flows between 0.11-0.31 cfs/square foot. Polypropylene fabric insert designed to fit most catch basins for flows up to 0.78 cfs. Equipped with overflow outlets. Maintenance is required whenever necessary to replace saturated filters. Covers the drain inlet during construction to prevent silt and debris from entering drainage system. Work-Gard and Silt Mat Sedimentation Control Device. SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Acts as a catch basin and a filter for areas with shallow piping or low runoff volumes. FB-24 Catch Basin Converts a catch basin into a detention basin for collection of solids, silt, and petroleum hydrocarbons. Description Product(s) Name SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Local: (707) 524-8181 Toll Free: (800) 579-8819 Fax: (707) 524-8186 customercar@kristar.com www.kristar.com Contact Information Perk Filter Percolation Filter KriStar Enterprises, Inc. 5300 Sebastopol Road. P.O. Box 7352 Santa Rosa, CA 95407-0352 Manufacturer SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Applicable BMPs New Pig SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection September 2004 (Draft) Bowhead Manufacturing SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Stormwater Management 12021-B NE Airport Way Portland, OR 97220 Manufacturer AbTech Industries 4110 N. Scottsdale Road Suite 235 Scottsdale, AZ 85251 SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Applicable BMPs Passive Skimmer Passive Skimmer Pig Sump, Skimmer Pillow Toll Free: (800) 909-3677 Fax: (888) 234-3677 bmc@bowhead.com www.bowheadmfg.com Toll Free: (888) HOT-HOGS hothogs@newpig.com www.newpig.com Stormscreen Stormgate Separator StormFilter Product(s) Name Local: (480) 874-4000 Toll Free: (800) 545 -8999 Fax: (480) 970-1665 dthompson@abtechindustries.com www.oars97.com Toll Free: (800) 548-4667 Fax: (503) 240-3393 info@stormwaterinc.com www.stormwatermgt.com Contact Information F-6 Compact spaghetti strand absorbent enclosed inside a polyester mesh net with attached nylon loop, for use in sumps to absorb to petrochemicals only. One skimmer pillow absorbs up to 0.24 cubic feet. Replace when saturated. Floats in a sump of catch basins and oil/water separators and absorbs hydrocarbons. Absorbent media is contained within a screen pillow. Passive skimmer floats on top of water in a storm water catch basin and removes up to 95% of petroleum hydrocarbons. A passive, high-flow screening system removes debris and suspended solids greater than the perforation hole size for flows up to 100 cfs. The StormScreen can be installed into small, pre-fabricated catch basins. A settling vault with a high flow bypass, suited for locations of high concentrations of gross sediments and free oils. Available in a variety of sizes and configurations to meet site-specific needs. A filter chamber uses radial flow filter cartridges in a variety of media to remove up to 90% of all solids, 85% of oils and greases, and 91% solubilized heavy metals. Intended for flows between 0.13 - 1.0 cfs. Filter is maintained during the dry season. Stormwater Management can provide maintenance services. Description Local: (423) 870-8888 Toll Free: (888) 344-9044 Fax: (423) 826-2112 www.aquashieldinc.com Local: (301) 829-6470 Toll Free: (800) 229-7283 Fax: (301) 829-3747 www.baysaver.com Local: (410) 687-6256 Toll Free: (800) 504-8008 Fax: (410) 687-6757 tjm@bmpinc.com www.bestmp.com Local: (408) 779-6363 Toll free: (888) 535-7559 Fax: (408) 782-0721 cds@cdstech.com www.cdstech.com Toll Free: (800) 809-2801 Fax: (585) 762-8315 envengr@env21.com www.env21.com AquaShield™ is located at: 2733 Kanasita Dr., Suite B Chattanooga, Tennessee 37343 BaySaver, Inc. 1302 Rising Ridge Rd, Unit 1 Mount Airy, MD 21771 BMP, Inc. PO BOX 5064 Middle River, MD 21220 CDS Technologies, Inc. 16360 South Monterey Road Suite 250 Morgan Hill, CA, 95037 Environment 21, LCC 8713 Read Road, PO Box 55 SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection September 2004 (Draft) Contact Information Manufacturer Applicable BMPs Description EcoSep Dual chamber separator unit removes suspended solids, oils (down to 5 ppm), and debris from storm water runoff. F-7 High flow filtration featuring "Treatment Train" design (i.e. Swirl Concentrator for pretreatment, followed by filter for polishing). Aqua-Filter removes over 80% TSS and 95% dissolved petroleum and oils. Also removes soluble and insoluble nutrients such as Aqua-Filter phosphorus, nitrogen, and dissolved metals. Inspection and maintenance should be performed from the surface. Aqua-Shield offers a maintenance service package. Two concrete manholes and a HDPE separator unit remove 80% suspended solids, oils, and debris from storm water runoff. Holds up to 100-225 cubic feet of BaySaver Separation sediments and 384-868 gallons of oil, depending on System size of unit installed. Designed for flows between 2.4 11.0 cfs. Pollutants should be periodically removed by vacuum. A hooded outlet cover installed at sumped catch basin to prevent 80% of free oils, 95% of floatables, and 50% of suspended solids from being drawn The SNOUT downstream. The SNOUT requires routine inspection, rinsing, and flushing the antisiphon vent with water or air to clear. Unit filters water through a stainless steel perforated screen while solids sink to the bottom. Removes 8090% of oils and grease and 100% of particles half the size of the screen opening. Flow capacities range CDS Inline and Offline units from 1.1-300 cfs (depending on unit). Cleaning of sump should be done by vacuum truck quarterly and an annual inspection of screen surface should also be conducted. Product(s) Name CrystalStream Oil/Grit Separator Stormceptor Single/Multi Inlet. Also available in series and submerged design. AquaSwirl Local: (770) 979-6516 Toll Free (800) 748-6945 Fax: (770) 979-6954 www.practicalbestmgmt.com Toll Free: (800) 909-7763 Fax: (832) 590-5399 Stormceptor@rinker.com www.stormceptor.com Local: (423) 870-8888 Toll Free: (888) 344-9044 Fax: (423) 826-2112 www.aquashieldinc.com Practical Best Management, LLC CrystalStream Technologies Stormceptor Corporation 6560 Langfield Rd. Bldg. 3 Houston, TX 77092 SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection September 2004 (Draft) AquaShield™ 2733 Kanasita Dr., Suite B Chattanooga, Tennessee 37343 Ultracept Oil/Water Separator Local: (334) 277-8520 Toll Free: (800) 767-0466 Fax: (334) 272-7396 www.jrsmith.com Jay R. Smith Mfg. Co., Environmental Products Group 2781 Gunter Park Dr. East Montgomery, AL 36109-1405 SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Product(s) Name Contact Information Manufacturer Applicable BMPs F-8 Removes 91% of suspended sediment, floating debris, and free-oil through vortex separation. Constructed out of Stainless Steel and HDPE for durability. Can be installed as part of a treatment train with the AquaFilter. Inspection recommended on quarterly basis. Large risers allow for examination and cleaning without entering chamber. A gravity settling, separation/storage chamber traps solids and oils. See website for animated description of the process. Traps up to 80% of inflowing fine and coarse sediment for flows between 0.17 - 2.47 cfs. Inspect on a monthly basis and remove sediment annually by vacuum truck. Oil must be removed when level exceeds 1.0 inches. Stainless steel unit skims oil and grease from storm water for flows between 0.0045 to 0.1 cfs. A surge pit accumulates the water and pumps to Ultracept. Uses no coalescing plates or filters. Requires a ten minute weekly maintenance. Storm water flows into the pre-cast concrete device where it passes through a series of baffles. CrystalStream captures over 99% of petroleum products and nearly 95% of silt and grit. Maintenance is performed on an as-needed basis, usually every three months. Description September 2004 (Draft) SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Stormwater 911 PO Box 784 Westfield, IN 46074-0784 Vortechnics, Inc. 200 Enterprise Drive Scarborough, Maine 04074 Toll Free: (800) 474-5911 Fax: (800) 467-5911 info@stormwater911.com www.stormwater911.com Catch basin protection products VortSentry Vortechs System SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Local: (207) 885-9830 Fax: (207) 885-9825 vortechnics@vortechnics.com www.vortechnics.com Swirl chamber technology, combined with vortex design principles, removes sand, 80% of suspended V2B1 Structural Stormwater sediment, metals, and debris. Flow capacity ranges Treatment System from 3-25 cfs. Only one chamber needs to be pumped when the unit is regularly maintained. Toll Free: (800) 809-2801 Fax: (585) 762-8315 envengr@env21.com www.env21.com Environment 21, LCC 8713 Read Road, PO Box 55 SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Downstream Defender H.I.L. Technology, Inc. 94 Hutchins Dr. Portland, Maine 04102 SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection F-9 Products include guards for catch basins, curbs, drains, grates, and gutters. Stormwater 911 sells the HydroKleen system (see Hydrocompliance Management, Inc.) and passive skimmers. VortSentry fits inline with a round concrete manhole. All VortSentry models are configured with a flow partition to insure that high flow-rates will not cause pollutant re-entrainment. Removes up to 80% of contaminated sediment, floating oil, and debris. Contains both low flow (1.6 cfs) and high flow (25 cfs) controls. Can be fabricated near job-site using pre-cast concrete and marine grade aluminum. System typically requires an annual cleanout. Stormwater spirals down the perimeter of a concrete cylinder allowing heavier particles to settle out by gravity and the drag forces on the wall and base of the vessel. Removes over 90% of particles greater than 150 micrometers. Has a flow capacity of up to 130 cfs (depending on unit size). Periodically vacuum the sump. Local: (207) 756-6200 Fax: (207) 756-6212 hiltech@hil-tech.com www.hyrointernational.biz/nam/ind_storm.html Description Product(s) Name Contact Information Manufacturer Applicable BMPs StormTreat Systems, Inc. 124 Route 6A Sandwich, MA 02563 H.I.L. Technology, Inc. 94 Hutchins Dr. Portland, Maine 04102 SPC-8 Temporary Sediment Basins SPC-9 Temporary Sediment Traps September 2004 (Draft) Local: (480) 874-4000 Toll Free: (800) 545-8999 Fax: (480) 970-1665 www.oars97.com Local: (508) 833-1033 Toll Free: (877) 787-6426 Fax: (508) 833-1033 info@stormtreat.com sales@stormtreat.com support@stormtreat.com www.stormtreat.com AbTech Industries 4110 N. Scottsdale Road Suite 235 Scottsdale, AZ 85251 SPC-7 Storm Drain Inlet Protection Local: (207) 756-6200 Fax: (207) 756-6212 hiltech@hil-tech.com www.hyrointernational.biz/nam/ind_storm.html Contact Information Manufacturer Applicable BMPs Line skimmer absorbs up to 95% of petroleum hydrocarbons and oil to protect unconfined areas such as ponds and streams. Description F - 10 A sedimentation/filtration chamber and constructed contained wetlands remove more than 80% total suspended sediments, bacteria, petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, and nutrients. Requires annual StormTreat Systems inspections and replacement of grit-filter bag and sediment pumping once every 3-5 years using standard septic system pumper. Maintenance contracts are available. Honeycomb polypopylene cell structure has 3 to 4 times higher void ratio than conventional granular Storm Cell Storage System material and provides more storm water storage than conventional granular material. Storage volume ranges from 140 - 160,000 cubic feet. Line Skimmer Product(s) Name Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County F.3 Appendix F: Vendor List Vendor Products for General Housekeeping BMPs August 2009 F-9 Appendix F: Vendor List Drainage Design Manual for Maricopa County THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK F-10 August 2009 September 2004 (Draft) Toll Free: (877) 2-WASHOUT Fax: (916) 689-0592 Concrete washout containers info@concretewashout.com www. concretewashout.com Concrete Washout Systems PO Box 809 Wilton, CA. 95693 1-877-2-WASHOUT GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas Pig Sump, Skimmer Pillow Toll Free: (888) HOT-HOGS hothogs@newpig.com www.newpig.com New Pig GH-3 Equipment Maintenance Procedures F - 11 A watertight washout bin, capable of holding the washout from approximately 350 cubic yards of poured concrete. This product significantly reduces installation, maintenance, and clean up time on the construction site for concrete washout. Compact spaghetti strand absorbent enclosed inside a polyester mesh net with attached nylon loop, for use in sumps to absorb to petrochemicals only. Replace absorbent when saturated. Spill containment, and spill response products. Toll Free: (800) 474-5911 Fax: (800) 467-5911 info@stormwater911.com www.stormwater911.com Stormwater 911 PO Box 784 Westfield, IN 46074-0784 Products include containment structures for drums and tanks, and a self-bailer to clean water collected in containment structures. Spill response products include drain plugs and seals, pop-up pools and spill berms. GH-1 Protected Chemical and Waste Storage Area GH-3 Equipment Maintenance Procedures GH-4 Designated Washdown Areas Description Contact Information Product(s) Name Manufacturer Applicable BMPs