Arizona Airport Pavement Management System Update
2010 Executive Summary

Acknowledgement

This document was prepared under the auspices of:

ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
John S. Halikowski, Director
MULTIMODAL PLANNING DIVISION
Jennifer Toth, P.E., Assistant Director
AERONAUTICS GROUP
ARIZONA STATEWIDE PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Holly Hawkins, P.E., State Airport Engineer
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA)
Mark McClardy, Division Manager
Western Pacific Region, Airports Division

Prepared By:
Applied Pavement Technology, Inc.
115 West Main Street, Suite 400
Urbana, Illinois 61801
217-398-3977
www.appliedpavement.com
In Association With:
Z&H Engineering, Inc.
9200 E. Pima Center Parkway
Suite 240
Scottsdale, Arizona 85258
602-997-7536

Gutierrez Civil Solutions, LLC
4309 W. Saint Kateri Drive
Laveen, Arizona 85339
602-441-4567

1

ARIZONA AIRPORT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM UPDATE

Overview
BACKGROUND
Pavements represent one of the largest capital investments in Arizona’s aviation
system. Timely airport pavement maintenance and rehabilitation are crucial because
repairs are much more costly once the condition deteriorates below a certain level.
Additionally, airport pavement weaknesses, such as cracks and loose debris, pose a
significant safety risk to aircraft.
Recognizing a need to protect this critical investment, the Arizona Department of
Transportation (ADOT) – Multimodal Planning Division (MPD) established a statewide
airport pavement management system (APMS) in 2000 to monitor the condition of the
Arizona airport infrastructure and to proactively plan for its preservation. The ultimate
goal of this project was to provide the airports, ADOT, and the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) with the pavement information and analytical tools that could help
them identify pavement-related needs, optimize the selection of projects and treatments
over a multi-year period, and evaluate the long-term impacts of their project priorities.
This project also provides the airports with an excellent basis for satisfying the
requirements of Public Law 103-305.
Applied Pavement Technology, Inc. (APTech), with assistance from Z&H Engineering,
Inc. (Z&H) and Gutierrez Civil Solutions, LLC, conducted an update to the APMS in
2010. This report describes the findings and recommendations of the APMS update.

BENEFITS OF THE AIRPORT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ADOT’s APMS yields many benefits. It provides ADOT, the individual airports, and the
FAA with the information needed to monitor the condition of the pavements. The
APMS is also a tool that can be used to make cost-effective decisions about the
maintenance and rehabilitation of the pavement infrastructure while understanding the
long-term impacts of the decisions being made. Further, the APMS provides the data
needed to identify and prioritize projects for inclusion in ADOT’s Airport Pavement
Preservation Program (APPP).
The APMS also identifies when different pavement strategies would be most
appropriate. The timing of work is important because routine maintenance and
pavement preservation actions, such as surface treatments, can extend the life of a
pavement in a very cost-effective manner. Once pavement preservation is no longer
the appropriate repair, it is critical to step in with major rehabilitation, such as an
overlay, as soon as possible. At some point, the pavement structure will become so
degraded that the only viable alternative is very costly reconstruction. The financial
impact of delaying repairs beyond this point can be severe, as reconstruction can cost
many times the cost of an overlay.

2010 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2

Project Airports
In 2010, the pavement conditions at fifty-three airports were assessed and the Arizona APMS database
was updated with the information. APTech evaluated forty-nine of these airports as part of the project,
and pavement condition data collected as part of independent projects for the remaining four airports
(Tucson International Airport, Pinal Airpark, Phoenix Deer Valley Airport, and Phoenix Goodyear
Airport) were incorporated into the state APMS database. Data for Phoenix Sky Harbor International
Airport were not available upon completion of this project and therefore not incorporated into this study.
These airports represent 140.3 million square feet of pavement—the equivalent of a two-lane highway
stretching from Phoenix to Seattle, Washington. This can be further broken down into 44.3 million
square feet of runway pavement, 44.5 million square feet of taxiway and T-Hangar pavement, and 51.5
million square feet of apron/helipad pavement. The following figure identifies the airports included in the
2010 APMS update.

3

ARIZONA AIRPORT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM UPDATE

Pavement Condition Assessment
The pavements were evaluated using the pavement condition index (PCI) procedure,
documented in FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 150/5380-6B, Guidelines and Procedures
for Maintenance of Airport Pavements, and ASTM Standard D5340, Standard Test
Method for Airport Pavement Condition Index Surveys. During a PCI survey, the types,
severities, and amounts of distress present in a pavement surface are quantified. This
information is then used to develop a composite index that represents the overall
condition of the pavement in numerical terms, ranging from 0 (failed) to 100 (excellent).
The PCI number is a measure of overall condition and is indicative of the level of work
that will be required to maintain or repair a pavement. Further, the distress information
provides insight into what is causing the pavement to deteriorate, which is the first step
in selecting the appropriate repair action.
Programmed into an APMS, PCI data are used to determine current pavement
condition, predict future pavement condition, determine when pavement preservation
actions are advisable, identify the most cost-effective time to perform major
rehabilitation, and develop the Arizona APPP. The relationship between a pavement’s
PCI value and the typical type of repair recommended for the pavement is shown in the
figure below. Routine maintenance refers to activities such as patching or periodic
crack sealing and joint resealing; pavement preservation includes thin overlays or
surface treatments with crack sealing; major rehabilitation consists of thick overlays or
reconstructions.

PCI

ROUTINE
MAINTENANCE

PAVEMENT
PRESERVATION

MAJOR
REHABILITATION

86 - 100

56-85

0 - 55

PCI

REPRESENTATIVE
PAVEMENT
SURFACE

REPAIR ALTERNATIVE

90

Pavements with PCIs above
85 will benefit from routine
maintenance actions, such
as periodic crack sealing,
periodic joint resealing, or
patching.

65

Pavements with a PCI of 56
(65 for PCC pavements) to
85 may require pavement
preservation, such as a
surface treatment, thin
overlay, or PCC joint
resealing.

25

Pavement allowed to
deteriorate below a PCI of
55 (65 for PCC) will require
costly reconstruction to
restore it to operational
condition.

2010 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4

Pavement Condition Assessment
TYPICAL DISTRESS TYPES AT ARIZONA AIRPORTS
Following is a description of the most commonly observed pavement distresses at Arizona airports.
With the exception of spalling, these distresses occur in asphalt surfaced pavements which constitute a
majority of the pavements in Arizona’s airport infrastructure.

LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE CRACKING
The predominant distress type found on asphalt pavements at Arizona airports is longitudinal
and transverse (L&T) cracking. This distress can be caused by any of the following: 1)
separation of pavement at paving lane joints, 2) shrinkage of AC pavement due to temperature
differentials in older or brittle pavements, or 3) reflection cracking from underlying existing
cracking in overlaid pavements.

BLOCK CRACKING
Block cracking generally appears over relatively large areas as a series of L&T cracks arranged
in a pattern of square or rectangular blocks. It is caused by shrinkage of the asphalt pavement
over time and the repeated deformation caused by daily temperature cycles. It is not a loadrelated distress, and its occurrence usually indicates that the pavement has significantly
hardened (oxidized).

RAVELING AND WEATHERING
As asphalt pavement ages and hardens, the asphalt binder and aggregate can begin to wear
away. This process is called weathering and raveling. The wearing away of asphalt cement, or
binder, is called weathering. Raveling occurs as the aggregate begins to dislodge and produce
loose pieces of material, posing a safety hazard as it may be ingested by aircraft engines.

ALLIGATOR (FATIGUE) CRACKING
Alligator (fatigue) cracking is a load-related distress. Alligator cracking is caused by excessive
tensile strains at the bottom of the AC layer or stabilized asphalt base layer from repeated
aircraft loadings. Alligator cracking typically shows up on the surface as a series of parallel
cracks, which eventually interconnect to form a pattern resembling the skin of an alligator.

DEPRESSION
Depressions are pavement surface areas having elevations slightly lower than those of the
surrounding pavement. Depressions can be caused by settlement of the underlying base layers
or soils. Depressions are often found in areas where insufficient drainage capacity exists and
soils are weakened due to water penetration, or where underlying layers were not compacted
enough during construction. Additionally, depressions can be built in during construction.

SPALLING
Spalling, in portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement, is the breakdown of the slab edges in
close proximity to the slab joint. Spalling is identified as occurring in the corner or along the joint
of a PCC slab. Spalling is typically caused by the introduction of incompressible material in the
joint, weaker pavement at the joint caused by overworking of the pavement during construction,
traffic loading, or a combination of these.

5

ARIZONA AIRPORT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM UPDATE

Pavement Condition Assessment
OVERALL PAVEMENT CONDITION
The overall 2010 area-weighted condition of the fifty-three airports included in the
Arizona APMS is a PCI of 75. The figure below shows the 2010 condition of the
pavement broken out by pavement use (runway, taxiway/T-Hangar, and apron/helipad).
100

Pavement Condition Index (PCI)

90
80

77

75

75
72

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Runway

Taxiway/T-Hangar

Apron/Helipad

Overall PCI

Branch Use

The past conditions (excluding Tucson International Airport which was not incorporated
into the database during the 2006 study) are shown in the figure below. It is important
to note when reviewing this graph that the 2000 PCI value represents the condition of
the pavements prior to the implementation of the APPP. The 2003 and 2006 values
represent conditions when the APPP was funded and very active. The 2010 PCI value
shows the impact of no funding for the APPP during the past 3 years. This figure
dramatically illustrates the importance of the APPP and its significant impact on the
condition of the airport pavements in Arizona.

Pavement Condition Index (PCI)

100
90

81 84 84

80 83 84

78

80

76

79

80 82 81 75

78 76
73

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Runway

Taxiway/T-Hangar

Apron/Helipad

Overall PCI

Branch Use
2000 PCI

2003 PCI

2006 PCI

2010 PCI

2010 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

6
6

Pavement Needs Assessment
The following figures show, in general, what types of work should be performed on the
Arizona airport pavements depending on their condition. A further breakdown of this
information reveals that approximately 34.4 percent of the pavement area would benefit
from routine maintenance, approximately 49.2 percent would benefit from pavement
preservation activities, and approximately 16.4 percent has deteriorated to the point
where major rehabilitation is needed.
MAJOR
REHABILITATION

PAVEMENT
PRESERVATION

ROUTINE
MAINTENANCE

80

69.0

Pavement Area (Millions of sf)

70
60

48.3

50
40
30

23.0

20
10
0
0-55

56-85

86-100

Pavement Condition Index (PCI)

MAJOR
REHABILITATION

PAVEMENT
PRESERVATION

ROUTINE
MAINTENANCE

30

Pavement Area (Millions of sf)

26.1
25
20.7

22.3

20
16.8
14.1

15
11.9
10
7.0
5

4.1

0
0-55

56-85

86-100

Branch Use
Runw ay

7

Taxiw ay/T-Hangar

ARIZONA AIRPORT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM UPDATE

Apron/Helipad

17.3

Developing The APPP
The APMS is used to identify projects for inclusion in the APPP, subject to budgetary
and operational constraints. The APPP was prepared for 8 years (2011-2018) with an
inflation rate of 4 percent applied to identify the future cost of work. Tucson
International Airport and Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport were not included in
the APPP since they fund their own pavement maintenance management programs.

PAVEMENT PRESERVATION GUIDELINES
For each year of the analysis, the future conditions of the pavements were estimated,
and the pavement sections that would benefit from pavement preservation work were
identified. Five treatment options were identified by ADOT for consideration in its
APPP: 1) crack seal and rubberized asphalt emulsion seal coat, 2) crack seal and
slurry seal, 3) thin rubberized asphalt overlay or porous friction course (PFC), 4) mill
and replace PFC, and 5) PCC joint resealing and spall repairs.

PAVEMENT PRESERVATION NEEDS
If all projects identified as eligible for the APPP were funded, approximately $141.5
million would be needed over the next 8 years. The APPP budget needs through 2018
for each airport (under an unlimited funding scenario) are summarized in the table
presented on the following two pages.
Since state aviation fund dollars are limited, it is not possible for ADOT to fund all the
projects identified as being eligible for the APPP; therefore, annual budget values of
$3.8 million in 2011, $4.6 million in 2012, $5.5 million in 2013 and 2014, and $5.6
million annually for years 2015 through 2018 were used to run a constrained budget
analysis. Projects were prioritized using ADOT’s Pavement Priority Rating Number
(PPRN) system which is based on pavement use and condition. Additional limitations
were placed on the prioritized pavements and the resulting constrained budget APPP is
presented in the statewide report.
Pavements with a PCI value falling below 55 for asphalt-surfaced pavements and 65 for
PCC pavements were not eligible for the APPP and instead have been identified as
requiring major rehabilitation. These pavements are listed in the table presented on
pages 11 through 14. Pavements at Tucson International Airport and Phoenix Sky
Harbor International Airport were excluded from this list.
In addition to pavement maintenance and rehabilitation projects, it is estimated that 177
pavement sections need paint remarking which is estimated to cost approximately $6.5
million. No paint remarking recommendations were made for Tucson International,
Phoenix Deer Valley, or Phoenix Goodyear Airports since data for these airports were
obtained from independent pavement management projects that did not include the
evaluation of paint conditions.

2010 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

8

APPP Under Unlimited Funding Through 2018

Associated City

Bagdad Airport

Bagdad

GA Basic

Benson Municipal Airport

Benson

GA Community

$1,136,695

Douglas/Bisbee

GA Rural

$1,396,568

Bisbee

GA Rural

$663,454

Buckeye

GA Community

$2,149,882

Casa Grande

GA Community

$3,732,286

Chandler Municipal Airport

Chandler

Reliever

$6,814,482

Cochise College Airport

Douglas

GA Rural

$0

Cochise County Airport

Willcox

GA Community

$1,233,820

Colorado City Municipal
Airport

Colorado City

GA Community

$1,844,842

Coolidge

GA Community

$2,427,049

Cottonwood

GA Community

$1,443,656

Douglas

GA Community

$1,354,315

Eloy Municipal Airport

Eloy

GA Community

$1,324,003

Eric Marcus Municipal Airport

Ajo

GA Rural

Prescott

Commercial
Service

$9,565,401

Mesa

Reliever

$7,780,984

Flagstaff Pulliam Airport

Flagstaff

Commercial
Service

$3,091,616

Gila Bend Municipal Airport

Gila Bend

GA Rural

$1,548,126

Glendale Municipal Airport

Glendale

Reliever

$3,394,710

Grand Canyon National Park
Airport

Grand Canyon

Commercial
Service

$4,527,987

Greenlee County Airport

Clifton/Morenci

GA Rural

$1,048,279

H.A. Clark Memorial Field
Airport

Williams

GA Community

$1,752,571

Holbrook Municipal Airport

Holbrook

GA Community

$1,820,736

Kearny

GA Rural

Kingman

Commercial
Service

$4,820,368

Lake Havasu City

GA Community

$6,121,386

Airport Name

Bisbee Douglas International
Airport
Bisbee Municipal Airport
Buckeye Municipal Airport
Casa Grande Municipal
Airport

Coolidge Municipal Airport
Cottonwood Airport
Douglas Municipal Airport

Ernest A. Love Field Airport
Falcon Field Airport

Kearny Airport
Kingman Airport
Lake Havasu City Airport

9

APPP under
unlimited annual
budget (2011-2018)

Airport
Classification

ARIZONA AIRPORT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM UPDATE

$373,259

$493,845

$95,038

APPP Under Unlimited Funding Through 2018

APPP under
unlimited annual
budget (2011-2018)

Associated City

Airport
Classification

Bullhead City

Commercial
Service

$4,327,561

Marana Regional Airport

Tucson

Reliever

$6,580,140

Nogales International Airport

Nogales

GA Community

$1,631,841

Page

Commercial
Service

$3,264,334

Payson Airport

Payson

GA Community

$2,225,612

Phoenix-Mesa Gateway
Airport

Phoenix

Commercial
Service

$3,292,012

Phoenix Deer Valley Airport*

Phoenix*

Reliever

$10,606,822

Goodyear*

Reliever

$4,736,457

Pinal Airpark*

Marana*

GA Community

Rolle Airfield

San Luis

GA Rural

$474

Ryan Field Airport

Tucson

Reliever

$3,637,730

Safford Regional Airport

Safford

GA Community

$3,310,035

San Manuel

GA Rural

$652,848

Scottsdale

Reliever

$6,769,939

Sedona

GA Community

$2,265,994

Seligman Airport

Seligman

GA Rural

$1,120,141

Show Low Regional Airport

Show Low

Commercial
Service

$2,768,957

Sierra Vista Municipal Airport
– Libby AAF

Sierra Vista

GA Community

$699,592

Springerville Municipal Airport

Springerville

GA Community

$2,072,003

St Johns

GA Community

$1,108,630

Taylor

GA Community

$1,229,594

Tombstone Municipal Airport

Tombstone

GA Basic

Wickenburg Municipal Airport

Wickenburg

GA Community

$1,607,121

Winslow – Lindbergh Regional
Airport

Winslow

GA Community

$2,985,309

Yuma

Commercial
Service

$1,650,388

Airport Name
Laughlin/Bullhead
International Airport

Page Municipal Airport

Phoenix Goodyear Airport*

San Manuel Airport
Scottsdale Airport
Sedona Airport

St Johns Industrial Air Park
Taylor Airport

Yuma MCAS/Yuma
International Airport

$671,556

$353,456

*Pinal Airpark, Phoenix Deer Valley, and Phoenix Goodyear Airports information was
obtained from existing APMS databases.

2010 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

10

Sections Requiring Major Rehabilitation
Year

Project Airport

Branch

Section(s)

A02BG

10

8,964

10

317,361

20

379,677

TH01BD

10

22,715

TWA1BD

10

218,201

TWABM

10

206,091

A02BK

10

117,882

TWHBK

10

272,982

TWBCG

10

99,819

10

171,762

20

115,132

RW523CC

10

416,992

TWACC

10

131,725

TH01CL

10

46,420

A01CM

10

440,229

TWBCM

10

112,726

RW321DM

10

452,980

TH01EM

10

49,379

A01AJ

10

741,473

ATANKERPR

10

91,696

TH01MF

10

1,797,772

A03FG

10

76,679

TH01FG

10

337,343

A01GL

20

1,416,239

HP01GL

10

4,356

HP01GC

10

2,000

Greenlee County Airport

A01GR

10

67,407

H.A. Clark Memorial Field Airport

A01WI

20

84,396

RW826KE

10

242,242

40

447,282

50

229,414

60

693,556

02

2,329

10

229,020

10

695,631

Bagdad Airport

A01BD
Bisbee Douglas International Airport

Bisbee Municipal Airport
Buckeye Municipal Airport
Casa Grande Municipal Airport

A01CC
Cochise College Airport

Colorado City Municipal Airport
Coolidge Municipal Airport
Douglas Municipal Airport
2011

Eloy Municipal Airport
Eric Marcus Municipal Airport
Ernest A. Love Field Airport
Falcon Field Airport
Flagstaff Pulliam Airport
Glendale Municipal Airport
Grand Canyon National Park Airport

Kearny Airport

A01KG
Kingman Airport
TWCKG
TWDKG

11

ARIZONA AIRPORT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM UPDATE

Area (sf)

Sections Requiring Major Rehabilitation
Year

Project Airport

Branch

Section(s)

Laughlin/Bullhead International Airport

ATERMLB

10

103,861

Marana Regional Airport

A01AV

10

530,880

Nogales International Airport

A01NG

20

20,000

Page Municipal Airport

A01PM

20

404,013

AHOLD30CWG

10

87,754

AMIDWG

10

177,940

30

51,937

40

26,000

50

388,522

60

11,887

ASOUTHWG

10

52,732

RW12C30CWG

40

150,001

10

150,000

60

149,982

70

80,625

110

49,584

130

52,046

140

35,187

150

122,083

40

20,244

60

20,255

70

37,860

100

34,332

20

154,492

20

4,687

40

4,687

50

41,485

80

34,640

ASR

04-05, 07-09, 11, 19

863,927

ATB03HOLD

01

13,849

R07L

02-03, 05

90,000

TA

02, 04-08

194,861

TA03

01

15,790

TA04

01

7,648

TA05

01-04

6,360

ANORTHWG

RW12R30LWG
TWAWG
Phoenix - Mesa Gateway Airport
TWGWG

2011

TWKWG

TWPWG

TWVWG

Phoenix Deer Valley Airport*

Area (sf)

2010 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

12

Sections Requiring Major Rehabilitation
Year

Project Airport

Branch

Section(s)

TA09

03-04

7,678

TA10

02-04

9,378

TA11

01-03

10,558

TA12

01

29,106

TANW1

01

3,278

TB

01-03, 05

207,173

TB03

01-02

32,480

TB05

02-04

20,200

TB09

01-03

27,171

TB11

01-03

25,047

ATERM

01-02, 05, 07-09,
14-16, 18-27

R03

07b, 08b, 09b, 10b

124,217

TA2

03

25,625

TA5

02

14,451

TA6

02

14,542

TTHGRS

01

16,209

A01PA

10

1,511,819

RW1230PA

10

1,026,629

TWAPA

20

150,685

RW1735RL

10

190,673

AWINGRY

10

89,217

TWDRY

30

49,197

Safford Regional Airport

HP01SF

10

5,293

Sedona Airport

TH01SD

20

39,978

TH01SL

10

3,653

TWBSL

10

58,645

A01SJ

10

140,699

TWASJ

10

246,548

A01WN

10

146,954

RW1129WN

10

1,155,000

TWBWN

10

343,693

10

36,035

20

19,104

10

669,825

Phoenix Deer Valley Airport*

Phoenix Goodyear Airport*

2011
Pinal Airpark*
Rolle Airfield
Ryan Field Airport

Show Low Regional Airport
St. Johns Industrial Air Park

Winslow - Lindbergh Regional Airport

TWDWN
Yuma MCAS/Yuma International Airport

13
9

ARIZONA AIRPORT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM UPDATE

A02YM

Area (sf)

1,387,205

Sections Requiring Major Rehabilitation
Year

2011

2012
2013

Project Airport

Yuma MCAS/Yuma International Airport

Phoenix - Mesa Gateway Airport
Kingman Airport
Phoenix - Mesa Gateway Airport

Branch

Section(s)

Area (sf)

ADCCYM

20

335,892

ATERMYM

10

229,462

TH01YM

20

8,127

TWZYM

10

311,222

ANORTHWG

10

206,440

A01KG

30

305,904

TWHWG

30

34,570

2015

Cochise County Airport

A01CO

10

19,738

2017

Nogales International Airport

A02NG

10

49,796

HP02CG

10

4,800

TA

01

27,940

ADCCYM

30

7,800

Casa Grande Municipal Airport
2018

Phoenix Goodyear Airport*
Yuma MCAS/Yuma International Airport

*Pinal Airpark, Phoenix Deer Valley, and Phoenix Goodyear Airports information was
obtained from existing APMS databases.

IN SUMMARY
•

Fifty-three airports are included in the Arizona APMS; forty-nine airports were evaluated in 2010 as
part of this project, and four airports were evaluated as part of independent projects and the data
incorporated into the state APMS database.

•

The condition of the airport system has dropped significantly since 2006. At that time the areaweighted PCI of the system was 81. The pavement system now has an area-weighted PCI of 75
(excluding Tucson International Airport and Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport for comparison
purposes). This drop in condition can be largely attributed to the lack of funding for the APPP during
the past 3 years.

•

To fund all the projects eligible for the ADOT APPP program for 2011—2018, $141.5 million would
be needed. This does NOT include funding needed for major rehabilitation projects. Additionally,
Tucson International Airport and Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport were not included in the
APPP since they fund their own pavement maintenance management programs.

•

An estimated 177 pavement sections require paint remarking at an estimated cost of $6.5 million.

2010 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

14

Prepared For:
Arizona Department of Transportation
Multimodal Planning Division
Aeronautics Group
206 South 17th Avenue
Phoenix, Arizona 85007