Town of Gilbert, AZ

2010 Arizona Youth Survey
Shining Light on Arizona Youth
Arizona Criminal Justice Commission
in partnership with

Arizona Department of Gaming’s
Office of Problem Gambling
Arizona Department of Health Services,
Division of Behavioral Health
Arizona Department of Health Services,
Tobacco Education and Prevention Program
Arizona Parent’s Commission on
Drug Education and Prevention
Governor’s Office for Children, Youth and Families

Acknowledgements
The Arizona Criminal Justice Commission’s Statistical Analysis Center thanks
Bach Harrison, L.L.C. for their professionalism and contributions during the
administration of the 2010 Arizona Youth Survey. We also benefited from the
expertise, guidance, and assistance provided by our colleagues at the
Arizona Criminal Justice Commission and from input received from many
individuals working for agencies throughout the state including:

Leslie Bloom, The Partnership for Drug Free America, AZ Affiliate
Allie Bones, Arizona Coalition Against Domestic Violence
Tim Christensen, Office of Problem Gambling
Janet Garcia, Valley of the Sun United Way
Michelle Gayles, Valley of the Sun United Way
Charles Katz, Arizona State University
Elise Mickkelsen, Office of Problem Gambling
Richard Porter, Arizona Department of Health Services
Rick Pyper, Office of Problem Gambling
Gowri Shetty, Arizona Department of Health Services
Lisa Shumaker, Arizona Department of Health Services
Wendy Wolfersteig, Arizona State University
Additionally, the success of the 2010 Arizona Youth Survey could not have
been achieved without the support and participation of school
superintendents, principals, prevention coordinators, and teachers throughout
the state. Finally, we extend our thanks to the students who responded to the
survey. Their thoughtful participation resulted in a wealth of information
that can be used to improve the circumstances in which they live and learn.

Table of Contents
Introduction
The Risk and Protective Factor Model of Prevention
The Charts and Tables in this Report
The Community Data Project
The Arizona Substance Abuse Partnership
School and Community Improvement Using Survey Data
Data Charts:
Lifetime and 30 Day ATOD Use
Problem Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
Gambling
Risk & Protective Factor Profiles
Where Youth Obtained Alcohol
School Safety

Risk and Protective Factor Scale Definitions
Data Tables
Appendix
Contacts for Prevention

Introduction
2010 Arizona Youth Survey
Town of Gilbert, AZ Summary Report
This report summarizes findings from the 2010 Arizona Youth
Survey (AYS) administered to 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students
during spring 2010. The results for your city are presented along
with comparisons to the results for the state of Arizona. The
survey was designed to assess school safety, adolescent substance
use, antisocial behavior and the risk and protective factors that
predict these adolescent problem behaviors.
All schools in Arizona are eligible to participate in the survey,

Table 1. Characteristics of Participants
Town 2006
Number

Percent

Town 2008
Number

Town 2010

Percent

Number

State 2010

Percent

Number

Percent

Students by Grade
8

1,223

32.6

1,285

39.3

1,669

39.7

27,592

10

1,359

36.2

1,144

35.0

1,533

36.5

19,489

30.6

12

1,172

31.2

843

25.8

998

23.8

16,703

26.2

3,754

100.0

3,272

100.0

4,200

100.0

63,784

100.0

Male

1,779

48.9

1,575

49.1

2,037

49.6

30,645

49.0

Female

1,856

51.1

1,635

50.9

2,066

50.4

31,928

51.0

All Students Surveyed*

43.3

Students by Gender

Table 2. Race/Ethnicity of Participants
Hispanic
Student marked 'Yes' to Are you Hispanic
or Latino? and marked their race as:

Town 2008
Number

Town 2010

Percent

Number

State 2010

Percent

Number

Percent

Native American

29

4.4

55

6.0

1,207

4.9

African American

20

3.1

31

3.4

657

2.6

Asian

9

1.4

13

1.4

206

0.8

Pacific Islander

9

1.4

14

1.5

280

1.1

White

243

37.2

335

36.3

5,772

23.2

Multi-Racial
Race Unmarked

55

8.4

64

6.9

1,021

4.1

288

44.1

411

44.5

15,726

63.2

Non-Hispanic
Student marked 'No' to Are you Hispanic
or Latino? and marked their race as:
Native American
African American
Asian
Pacific Islander
White
Multi-Racial
Race Unmarked

Town 2008
Number

Town 2010

Percent

Number

State 2010

Percent

Number

Percent

29

1.2

31

1.0

2,517

6.8

116

4.7

123

3.9

2,129

5.7

135

5.5

176

5.6

1,551

4.2

27

1.1

42

1.3

372

1.0

1,967

80.2

2,474

78.9

27,180

73.2

164

6.7

216

6.9

2,539

6.8

14

0.6

72

2.3

824

2.2

Totals
Town 2008
Number

Hispanic Students
Non-Hispanic Students
Total Students**

Percent

Town 2010
Number

Percent

State 2010
Number

Percent

653

20.0

923

22.0

24,869

2,452

74.9

3,134

74.6

37,112

39.0
58.2

3,272

100.0

4,200

100.0

63,784

100.0

* Grades with fewer than 20 students participating are not included in this report. However, students from grades

not making the cutoff are included in All Students Surveyed. This means the number of students reported in All
Students Surveyed may exceed the sum of individual grades. (All Students Surveyed will match the grade total in
reports with data drawn from a single grade.)
**As a small percentage of students skipped the question Are you Hispanic or Latino? (at the state level, 1,803

students, or 2.8% of the total), the sum of Hispanic and Non-Hispanic students is less than Total Students .

5

and recruitment efforts were successful in
obtaining participation by schools in all of
Arizona's 15 counties. Careful planning and
uniform administration of the survey have
resulted in survey data that are valid and
representative of the students in 8th, 10th, and
12th grades in Arizona.
Table 1 contains the characteristics of the
students who completed the survey from your
municipality and the state of Arizona. Because
not every student answered all of the
questions, the number of students in the
gender and ethnicity/race categories often will
be less than the total number of students.
To better understand the diversity of
Arizona’s youth population, respondents were
asked separate questions about their ethnicity
(Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic) and their race
(Caucasian,
African-American,
Native
American, etc.). This method for obtaining
ethnicity and race information provides more
comprehensive data on youth cultural and
racial self-identification, and a more nuanced
understanding of Arizona’s diverse youth
population.
Whenever data are obtained from a sample of
students instead of the entire population, it is
important to recognize the strengths and
weaknesses of the data. One easy way to
investigate the quality of the sample is to look
at the basic demographic characteristics of the
students who participated in the survey and
compare them to what is known about the
entire population of students. This will give the
user of these data a basic understanding of the
degree to which the sample data can be
generalized to the entire population. It is
important to note that even when the
characteristics of the sample do not match well
to the characteristics of the population this does
not mean the data lose their usefulness. The data
included in this report describes the level of risk
and protective factors, substance use, antisocial
behavior, and delinquency of those youth who
participated in the survey, which can be used to
inform the development of school and
community-based prevention and intervention
activities that may benefit both the youth who
participate in the survey and those who did not.

The Risk and Protective Factor Model of Prevention
Prevention is a science. The Risk and Protective
Factor Model of Prevention is a proven way of
reducing substance abuse and its related consequences.
This model is based on the simple premise that to
prevent a problem from happening, we need to
identify the factors that increase the risk of that
problem developing and then find ways to reduce
the risks. Just as medical researchers have found risk
factors for heart disease such as diets high in fat,
lack of exercise, and smoking, a team of researchers
at the University of Washington have defined a set
of risk factors for youth problem behaviors.

Protective factors exert a positive influence and
buffer against the negative influence of risk, thus
reducing the likelihood that adolescents will engage in
problem behaviors. Protective factors identified
through research include strong bonding to family,
school, community and peers, and healthy beliefs and
clear standards for behavior.
Research on risk and protective factors has important
implications for children’s academic success, positive
youth development, and prevention of health and
behavior problems. In order to promote academic
success and positive youth development and to
prevent problem behaviors, it is necessary to
address the factors that predict these outcomes. By
measuring risk and protective factors in a population,
specific risk factors that are elevated and widespread
can be identified and targeted by policies, programs,
and actions shown to reduce those risk factors and to
promote protective factors.

Risk factors are characteristics of school, community
and family environments, and of students and their
peer groups known to increase the likelihood of drug
use, delinquency, school dropout, and violent
behaviors among youth. For example, research has
demonstrated children who live in communities with
easy access to drugs and firearms are more likely to
become involved in drugs and delinquency than
children who live in communities where drugs and
firearms are less accessible.

Many risk and protective factors can be linked to
specific types of interventions that have been shown to
be effective in either reducing risk(s) or enhancing
protection(s). The steps outlined here will help your
municipality make key decisions regarding allocation
of resources, how and when to address specific needs,
and which strategies are most effective and known to
produce results.

The chart below shows the links between the 19 risk
factors and five problem behaviors. The check marks
indicate where at least two well designed, published
research studies have shown a link between the risk
factor and the problem behavior.

Community Disorganization

Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation

Family History of the Problem Behavior

Family Conflict

Family Management Problems

Favorable Parent Attitudes & Involvement
in the Problem Behavior

Academic Failure

Lack of Commitment to School

Early Initiation of Drug Use
& Other Problem Behaviors

Early & Persistent Antisocial Behavior

Alienation & Rebelliousness

Friends Who Use Drugs &
Engage in Problem Behaviors

Favorable Attitudes Toward Drug Use
& Other Problem Behaviors

Gang Involvement

Constitutional Factors

Peer / Individual

Low Neighborhood Attachment

School

Transitions & Mobility

Family

Availability of Drugs & Firearms

Community

Community Laws & Norms Favorable
Toward Drug Use, Firearms & Crime

Risk
Factors

Substance Abuse

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

Delinquency

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

T

Teen Pregnancy
School Drop-Out
Violence

T
T

T

T

T

T

T

T

Source: Communities That Care (CTC) prevention model, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA)

6

Charts and Tables in this Report
There are seven types of charts presented in this report:
1. Lifetime and 30 day ATOD use
2. Heavy substance use and antisocial behavior
3. Gambling
4. Risk profiles
5. Protective profiles
6. Where youth acquired alcohol
7. School safety
Data from the charts are also presented in Tables 4
through 12. The additional data found in Tables 13
through 15 are explained at the end of this section.

Understanding the Format of the Charts
There are several graphical elements common to all
the charts. Understanding the format of the charts and
what these elements represent is essential in
interpreting the results of the 2010 AYS.
• The Bars on substance use and antisocial behavior
charts represent the percentage of students in that
grade who reported a given behavior. The bars on
the risk and protective factor charts represent the
percentage of students whose answers reflect
significant risk or protection in that category.
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

Each set of differently colored bars represents one of
the last three administrations of the AYS: 2006, 2008,
and 2010. By looking at the percentages over time, it
is possible to identify trends in substance use and
antisocial behavior. By studying the percentage of
youth at risk and with protection over time, it is
possible to determine whether the percentage of
students at risk or with protection is increasing,
decreasing, or staying the same. This information is
important when deciding which risk and protective
factors warrant attention.
• Dots and Diamonds. The dots on the charts
represent the percentage of all of the youth surveyed
across Arizona who reported substance use, problem
behavior, elevated risk, or elevated protection. The
diamonds represent national data from either the
Monitoring the Future (MTF) Survey or the Bach
Harrison Norm. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
The Bach Harrison Norm was developed by Bach
Harrison L.L.C. to provide states and communities
with the ability to compare their results on risk,
protection, and antisocial measures with more
national measures. Survey participants from eight
statewide surveys and five large regional surveys
across the nation were combined into a database of
approximately 460,000 students. The results were
7

weighted to make the contribution of each state and
region proportional to its share of the national
population. Bach Harrison analysts then calculated
rates for antisocial behavior and for students at risk and
with protection. The results appear on the charts as BH
Norm. In order to keep the Bach Harrison Norm
relevant, it is updated approximately every two
years as new data become available. zzzzz zzzzzzzzz
A comparison to state-wide and national results
provides additional information for your community
in determining the relative importance of levels of
alcohol, tobacco and other drug (ATOD) use, antisocial
behavior, risk, and protection. Information about other
students in the state and the nation can be helpful in
determining the seriousness of a given level of problem
behavior. Scanning across the charts, it is important to
observe the factors that differ the most from the Bach
Harrison Norm. This is the first step in identifying the
levels of risk and protection that are higher or lower
than those in other communities. The risk factors that
are higher than the Bach Harrison Norm and the
protective factors are lower than the Bach Harrison
Norm are probably the factors that your community
should consider addressing when planning prevention
programs.

Lifetime and 30-Day ATOD Use
• Lifetime use is a measure of the percentage of
students who tried the particular substance at least
once in their lifetime and is used to show the
percentage of students who have had experience
with a particular substance.
• 30-day use is a measure of the percentage of students
who used the substance at least once in the 30 days
prior to taking the survey and is a more sensitive
indicator of the level of current use of the substance.

Heavy Substance Use and
Antisocial Behavior
• Heavy substance use is measured in two different
ways: binge drinking (having five or more drinks in a
row during the two weeks prior to the survey) and use
of one-half a pack or more of cigarettes per day.
• Drinking and Driving - youth indicating drinking
alcohol and driving, or riding with a driver who had
been drinking alcohol in the past 30 days.
• Antisocial behavior (ASB) is a measure of the
percentage of students who report any involvement
during the past year with the eight antisocial
behaviors listed in the charts.

How Charts
to Readand
theTables
Chartsininthis
thisReport
Report(cont’d)
(cont’d)
Gambling
Gambling behavior charts show the percentage of
students who engaged in each of the 10 types of
gambling “for money, possessions, or anything of value”
during the past year: played gambling machines,
played the lottery, bet on sports, played cards, bought
a raffle ticket, played bingo, gambled on the Internet,
bet on a dice game, bet on a game of personal skill and
bet on horse or other animal races. The chart also
shows the percentage of students who engaged in any
gambling behavior during the past year.

Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
Risk and protective factor scales measure specific
aspects of a youth’s life experience that predict whether
he/she will engage in problem behaviors. The scales,
defined in Table 3, are grouped into four domains:
community, family, school, and peer/individual. The
risk and protective factor charts show the percentage of
students at risk and with protection for each of the scales.

Where Youth Obtained Alcohol
This chart displays data regarding the ways that
students obtained alcohol in the past 30 days. The data
focus on a subgroup of students who indicated at least
one means of obtaining alcohol. (Students reporting no
alcohol use are not represented in these data.)
Additionally, the smaller the sample, the more

dramatic the influence of a student's responses. For
example, if only one student in a particular grade
reported where he/she obtained alcohol, each category
would show up as either 0% or 100%. The chart legend
indicates the sample size for each grade surveyed to
help clarify the value of the data.

School Safety
The school safety profile charts contain the
percentages of students who felt unsafe at school or on
the way to school, were threatened or injured with a
weapon at school, were in a physical fight at school,
carried a weapon to school or were picked on or
bullied at school. The complete questions and values
for each response option can be seen in Table 12.

Additional Data in this Report
In addition to data presented in the charts and Tables 4
through 12, Tables 13 through 15 contain information
useful for prevention planning.
Table 13 contains the information that is required by
communities with Drug Free Communities Grants,
such as the perception of the risk of ATOD use,
perception of parent and peer disapproval of ATOD
use, past 30-day use, and average age of first use.
Tables 14 and 15 contain questions new to the 2010 AYS
on subjects of interest to prevention providers.

The Community Data Project
Supported by a grant from the Arizona Governor's
Office for Children, Youth and Families, the
Community Data Project is a multi-agency effort to
create a central repository for Arizona's substance
abuse and crime data. Through a user-friendly web
site, individuals have access to a one-stop portal where
they can select the type of data they need, specific
demographic characteristics, and their geographic level
of interest. Various output options are be offered,
including data tables, graphs, and maps to cover a
variety of reporting and visualization needs. The web
site is a useful tool for practitioners and policymakers
who are addressing substance abuse, juvenile
delinquency, and crime and the criminal justice system

8

by providing them with a comprehensive picture of
the characteristics and needs of Arizona’s
communities. Having data that are specific to the users
geographic area of interest not only leads to an
enhanced understanding of the community issues
related to drugs and crime, but it also maximizes datafor-decision-making capabilities for things such as the
appropriate program content, identification of at-risk
target areas and populations, grant writing and
reporting, monitoring progress of prevention and
intervention initiatives over time, and determining
resource allocation. Please visit us at:
www.azcjc.gov/ACJC.Web/sac/CommunDataPrj.aspx

The Arizona Substance Abuse Partnership
The Arizona Substance Abuse Partnership (ASAP) was established by Executive Order in June 2007. Staffed by
Governor Janice K. Brewer’s Office for Children, Youth and Families and chaired by Governor Brewer’s Deputy
Policy Director, ASAP is composed of Director-level representatives from state governmental bodies, federal
entities, community organizations and the recovery community. ASAP serves as the single statewide council on
substance abuse prevention, enforcement, treatment and recovery efforts.
ASAP works on substance abuse issues of importance to the members. It is ASAP’s mission to ensure communitydriven, agency-supported outcomes to prevent and reduce the negative impacts of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs
by building and sustaining partnerships between prevention, treatment, recovery and enforcement professionals.
There are currently two sub-committees that assist ASAP in meeting its goals:
• Substance Abuse Epidemiology Work Group (Epi Work Group) – This work group produces a biennial
Substance Abuse Epidemiology Profile, which highlights trends and new substance abuse data in Arizona and an
annual summary profile, entitled The Impact of Substance Abuse: A Snapshot of Arizona. The Substance Abuse
Epidemiology Profile is a comprehensive, informative, and functional profile of substance abuse in the state for
use by community coalitions, agencies, and individuals in relevant fields. Currently, Epi conducts analyses of
individual substance abuse issues, responds to ad hoc data requests and brings data to bear on ASAP’s work.
Selected indicators found in the Substance Abuse Epidemiology Profile can now be found online in an
interactive environment on the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission’s Statistical Analysis Center website
(Community Data Project).
• The Community Advisory Board / Underage Drinking Prevention Committee – This work group addresses the
substance abuse concerns facing Arizona using statewide and community-level epidemiological data and builds
relationships with tribes, youth, law enforcement, governmental agencies, and community coalitions. By combining
resources, practice, and research, the committee collaborates to improve substance abuse prevention, treatment,
recovery, and enforcement policies and programs. The body provides an essential link between communities, ASAP, the
research community, and all member agencies, organizations and coalitions. The body brings the community voice to
the ASAP table; reports on important community issues that inform ASAP’s work; helps communities improve their
capacity to identify emerging trends, as well as take action and report on them to the proper institutions/authorities;
takes the data available through the Epi Work Group back to coalitions and communities to effectively target prevention,
treatment, recovery, and enforcement activities; serves as a resource for communities and the state to identify the most
effective ways to reduce substance abuse by targeting limited resources where they are most needed; and elevates and
recognizes the important work being carried out at the community level to ensure that state-level responses are
cognizant of the impact of policies on individual communities.

9

School and Community Improvement Using Survey Data
What are the numbers telling you?
Review the charts and data tables presented in this report. Note your findings as you discuss the following questions.
• Which 3-5 risk factors appear to be higher than you would want when compared to the Bach Harrison Norm?
• Which 3-5 protective factors appear to be lower than you would want when compared to the Bach Harrison Norm?
• Which levels of 30-day drug use are increasing and/or unacceptably high?
o Which substances are your students using the most?
o

At which grades do you see unacceptable usage levels?

• Which levels of antisocial behaviors are increasing and/or unacceptably high?
o Which behaviors are your students exhibiting the most?
o

At which grades do you see unacceptable behavior levels?

How to identify high priority problem areas.
• Look across the charts – which items stand out as either much higher or much lower than the other?
• Compare your data with statewide, and/or national data – differences of 5% between local and other data are
probably significant.
• Prioritize problems for your area – Make an assessment of the rates you’ve identified. Which can be realistically
addressed with the funding available to your community? Which problems fit best with the prevention resources
at hand?
• Determine the standards and values held within your community – For example: Is it acceptable in your
community for a percentage of high school students to drink alcohol regularly as long as that percentage is lower
than the overall state rate?

Use these data for planning.
• Substance use and antisocial behavior data – raise awareness about the problems and promote dialogue.
• Risk and protective factor data – identify exactly where the community needs to take action.
• Promising approaches – access resources listed on the last page of this report for ideas about programs that have
been proven effective in addressing the risk factors that are high in your community, and improving the
protective factors that are low.

Sample

Risk
Factors
Protective
Factors
30-day
Substance
Abuse
Antisocial
Behavior
10

6th grd Fav. Attitude to
Drugs (Peer/Indiv. Scale)
@ 15% (8% > 8-state av.)
10th grd - Rewards for
prosocial involvm. (School Domain)
40% (down 5% from 2 yrs
ago & 16% below state av.)
8th grd Binge Drinking@13%
(5% above state av.)
12th grd - Drunk/High at School
@ 21%
( about same as state,
but remains a priority.)

Priority Rate 1

Priority Rate 2

Priority Rate 3

Substance Use

LIFETIME & 30 DAY ATOD USE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 8

Over-the-Counter Drugs*†
Prescription Drugs**†
Prescription Sedatives**
Prescription Stimulants**
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Steroids
Ecstasy**
Heroin or Other Opiates
Methamphetamines**
Inhalants
Cocaine
Hallucinogens**
Marijuana
Chewing Tobacco
Cigarettes
Alcohol
Over-the-Counter Drugs*†
Prescription Drugs**†
Prescription Sedatives**
Prescription Stimulants**
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Steroids
Ecstasy**
Heroin or Other Opiates
Methamphetamines**
Inhalants
Cocaine
Hallucinogens**
Marijuana
Chewing Tobacco
Cigarettes
Alcohol

11

60

50

40

Percentage (%)

**(Substance categories that were not measured and reported in survey administrations prior to 2008.
**(Denotes a change in the question between 2008 and prior administrations. Non-comparable data are omitted from charts. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
*†(No equivalent category for these substances in the Monitoring the Future survey.

MTF
State 2010
Town 2010
Town 2008
Town 2006

30-Day Use
Lifetime Use
100

90

80

70

30

20

10

0

Substance Use

LIFETIME & 30 DAY ATOD USE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 10

Over-the-Counter Drugs*†
Prescription Drugs**†
Prescription Sedatives**
Prescription Stimulants**
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Steroids
Ecstasy**
Heroin or Other Opiates
Methamphetamines**
Inhalants
Cocaine
Hallucinogens**
Marijuana
Chewing Tobacco
Cigarettes
Alcohol
Over-the-Counter Drugs*†
Prescription Drugs**†
Prescription Sedatives**
Prescription Stimulants**
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Steroids
Ecstasy**
Heroin or Other Opiates
Methamphetamines**
Inhalants
Cocaine
Hallucinogens**
Marijuana
Chewing Tobacco
Cigarettes
Alcohol

12

60

50

40

Percentage (%)

**(Substance categories that were not measured and reported in survey administrations prior to 2008.
**(Denotes a change in the question between 2008 and prior administrations. Non-comparable data are omitted from charts. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
*†(No equivalent category for these substances in the Monitoring the Future survey.

MTF
State 2010
Town 2010
Town 2008
Town 2006

30-Day Use
Lifetime Use
100

90

80

70

30

20

10

0

Substance Use

LIFETIME & 30 DAY ATOD USE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 12

Over-the-Counter Drugs*†
Prescription Drugs**†
Prescription Sedatives**
Prescription Stimulants**
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Steroids
Ecstasy**
Heroin or Other Opiates
Methamphetamines**
Inhalants
Cocaine
Hallucinogens**
Marijuana
Chewing Tobacco
Cigarettes
Alcohol
Over-the-Counter Drugs*†
Prescription Drugs**†
Prescription Sedatives**
Prescription Stimulants**
Prescription Pain Relievers*
Steroids
Ecstasy**
Heroin or Other Opiates
Methamphetamines**
Inhalants
Cocaine
Hallucinogens**
Marijuana
Chewing Tobacco
Cigarettes
Alcohol

13

60

50

40

Percentage (%)

**(Substance categories that were not measured and reported in survey administrations prior to 2008.
**(Denotes a change in the question between 2008 and prior administrations. Non-comparable data are omitted from charts. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
*†(No equivalent category for these substances in the Monitoring the Future survey.

MTF
State 2010
Town 2010
Town 2008
Town 2006

30-Day Use
Lifetime Use
100

90

80

70

30

20

10

0

Substance Use
LIFETIME & 30 DAY ATOD USE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, All Students Surveyed
Lifetime Use

100

30-Day Use

90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Over-the-Counter Drugs*†

MTF

Prescription Drugs**†

14

Prescription Sedatives**

**(Substance categories that were not measured and reported in survey administrations prior to 2008.
**(Denotes a change in the question between 2008 and prior administrations. Non-comparable data are omitted from charts. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
*†(No equivalent category for these substances in the Monitoring the Future survey.

Prescription Stimulants**

State 2010

Prescription Pain Relievers*

Steroids

Ecstasy**

Heroin or Other Opiates

Methamphetamines**

Inhalants

Cocaine

Hallucinogens**

Town 2010

Marijuana

Chewing Tobacco

Cigarettes

Alcohol

Over-the-Counter Drugs*†

Prescription Drugs**†

Prescription Sedatives**

Town 2008

Prescription Stimulants**

Prescription Pain Relievers*

Steroids

Ecstasy**

Heroin or Other Opiates

Methamphetamines**

Inhalants

Cocaine

Hallucinogens**

Marijuana

Chewing Tobacco

Cigarettes

Alcohol

Town 2006

Heavy Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
HEAVY USE, DRINKING & DRIVING, & ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 8
100

Heavy Use*

Drinking & Driving**

Antisocial Behavior Past Year**

90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Carried a Handgun
to School

Carried a Handgun

15

State 2010

Attacked Someone
w/ Idea of Seriously
Hurting Them

**(National Comparison data for Heavy Use category are Monitoring the Future values.
**(National Comparison data for Drinking & Driving and Antisocial Behavior category are Bach Harrison Norm values.

Been Arrested

Town 2010

Stolen or Tried to
Steal a Motor Vehicle

Sold Illegal Drugs

Suspended
from School

Town 2008

Drunk or High
at School

RIDE in a car
driven by someone
drinking alcohol?

DRIVE a car when
you had been
drinking alcohol?

1/2 Pack (or More)
Cigarettes/Day

Binge Drinking in
the Past 2 weeks

Town 2006

MTF*/BH Norm**

Heavy Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
HEAVY USE, DRINKING & DRIVING, & ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 10
100

Heavy Use*

Drinking & Driving**

Antisocial Behavior Past Year**

90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Carried a Handgun
to School

Carried a Handgun

16

State 2010

Attacked Someone
w/ Idea of Seriously
Hurting Them

**(National Comparison data for Heavy Use category are Monitoring the Future values.
**(National Comparison data for Drinking & Driving and Antisocial Behavior category are Bach Harrison Norm values.

Been Arrested

Town 2010

Stolen or Tried to
Steal a Motor Vehicle

Sold Illegal Drugs

Suspended
from School

Town 2008

Drunk or High
at School

RIDE in a car
driven by someone
drinking alcohol?

DRIVE a car when
you had been
drinking alcohol?

1/2 Pack (or More)
Cigarettes/Day

Binge Drinking in
the Past 2 weeks

Town 2006

MTF*/BH Norm**

Heavy Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
HEAVY USE, DRINKING & DRIVING, & ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 12
100

Heavy Use*

Drinking & Driving**

Antisocial Behavior Past Year**

90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Carried a Handgun
to School

Carried a Handgun

17

State 2010

Attacked Someone
w/ Idea of Seriously
Hurting Them

**(National Comparison data for Heavy Use category are Monitoring the Future values.
**(National Comparison data for Drinking & Driving and Antisocial Behavior category are Bach Harrison Norm values.

Been Arrested

Town 2010

Stolen or Tried to
Steal a Motor Vehicle

Sold Illegal Drugs

Suspended
from School

Town 2008

Drunk or High
at School

RIDE in a car
driven by someone
drinking alcohol?

DRIVE a car when
you had been
drinking alcohol?

1/2 Pack (or More)
Cigarettes/Day

Binge Drinking in
the Past 2 weeks

Town 2006

MTF*/BH Norm**

Heavy Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
HEAVY USE, DRINKING & DRIVING, & ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, All Students Surveyed
100

Heavy Use*

Drinking & Driving**

Antisocial Behavior Past Year**

90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Carried a Handgun
to School

Carried a Handgun

18

State 2010

Attacked Someone
w/ Idea of Seriously
Hurting Them

**(National Comparison data for Heavy Use category are Monitoring the Future values.
**(National Comparison data for Drinking & Driving and Antisocial Behavior category are Bach Harrison Norm values.

Been Arrested

Town 2010

Stolen or Tried to
Steal a Motor Vehicle

Sold Illegal Drugs

Suspended
from School

Town 2008

Drunk or High
at School

RIDE in a car
driven by someone
drinking alcohol?

DRIVE a car when
you had been
drinking alcohol?

1/2 Pack (or More)
Cigarettes/Day

Binge Drinking in
the Past 2 weeks

Town 2006

MTF*/BH Norm**

Gambling
GAMBLING
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 8
Gambling Behavior Past Year

100
90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Any Gambling
Past Year

State 2010

Bet on a horse/
other race?*

Bet on Games
of Skill*

Bet on Dice*

Town 2010

Gambled on the
lnternet

Played Bingo

Town 2008

Bought Raffle
Ticket**

Bet on Cards

Bet on Sports*

Played the Lottery

Played Slots/
Video Poker

Town 2006

BH Norm

**(Denotes a change in the wording of the question between 2008 and prior administrations. Non-comparable data are omitted from charts. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
**(National Comparison data for Bought a raffle ticket are not available.

19

Gambling
GAMBLING
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 10
Gambling Behavior Past Year

100
90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Any Gambling
Past Year

State 2010

Bet on a horse/
other race?*

Bet on Games
of Skill*

Bet on Dice*

Town 2010

Gambled on the
lnternet

Played Bingo

Town 2008

Bought Raffle
Ticket**

Bet on Cards

Bet on Sports*

Played the Lottery

Played Slots/
Video Poker

Town 2006

BH Norm

**(Denotes a change in the wording of the question between 2008 and prior administrations. Non-comparable data are omitted from charts. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
**(National Comparison data for Bought a raffle ticket are not available.

20

Gambling
GAMBLING
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 12
Gambling Behavior Past Year

100
90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Any Gambling
Past Year

State 2010

Bet on a horse/
other race?*

Bet on Games
of Skill*

Bet on Dice*

Town 2010

Gambled on the
lnternet

Played Bingo

Town 2008

Bought Raffle
Ticket**

Bet on Cards

Bet on Sports*

Played the Lottery

Played Slots/
Video Poker

Town 2006

BH Norm

**(Denotes a change in the wording of the question between 2008 and prior administrations. Non-comparable data are omitted from charts. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
**(National Comparison data for Bought a raffle ticket are not available.

21

Gambling
GAMBLING
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, All Students Surveyed
Gambling Behavior Past Year

100
90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Any Gambling
Past Year

State 2010

Bet on a horse/
other race?*

Bet on Games
of Skill*

Bet on Dice*

Town 2010

Gambled on the
lnternet

Played Bingo

Town 2008

Bought Raffle
Ticket**

Bet on Cards

Bet on Sports*

Played the Lottery

Played Slots/
Video Poker

Town 2006

BH Norm

**(Denotes a change in the wording of the question between 2008 and prior administrations. Non-comparable data are omitted from charts. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
**(National Comparison data for Bought a raffle ticket are not available.

22

Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
RISK PROFILE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 8

Students at High Risk*
Gang Involvement
Rewards for
Antisocial Behavior
Friend's Use of Drugs
Interaction with
Antisocial Peers
Perceived Risk
of Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to Antisocial Behavior
Early Initiation
of Drug Use
Early Initiation
of Antisocial Behavior
Rebelliousness
Low Commitment
to School
Academic Failure
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to Drug Use
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to
Antisocial Behavior
Family History
of Antisocial Behavior
Family Conflict
Poor Family
Management
Perceived Availability
of Handguns
Perceived Availability
of Drugs
Laws & Norms
Favorable to Drug Use
Low Neighborhood
Attachment

23

70

60

50

40

30

Percentage (%) of youth at risk

**(High Risk youth are defined as the percentage of students who have more than a specified number of risk factors operating in their lives.
th
th
th
* (8 grade: 8 or more risk factors, 10 &12 grades: 9 or more risk factors.)

BH Norm
State 2010
Town 2010
Town 2008
Town 2006

Total
Peer/Individual
School
Family
Community
100

90

80

20

10

0

Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 8
100

Family

Community

School

Total

Peer/Individual

90

Percentage (%) of youth with protection

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Students with
High Protection**

State 2010

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Prosocial
Involvement

Interaction with
Prosocial Peers*

Town 2010

Belief in the
Moral Order

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Town 2008

Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement

Family Attachment

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Town 2006

BH Norm

**(Denotes a change in the wording of the question between 2010 and a prior administration. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
**(High Protection youth are defined as the percentage of students who have four or more protective factors operating in their lives.
**(NOTE: Prior to the 2010 administration, this value was defined as the percentage of students who had five or more protective factors operating in their lives. In order to provide the best comparability
**(across years, 2006/2008 data were recalculated using the new definition.

24

Risk and Protective Factor Profiles

RISK PROFILE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 10

Students at High Risk*
Gang Involvement
Rewards for
Antisocial Behavior
Friend's Use of Drugs
Interaction with
Antisocial Peers
Perceived Risk
of Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to Antisocial Behavior
Early Initiation
of Drug Use
Early Initiation
of Antisocial Behavior
Rebelliousness
Low Commitment
to School
Academic Failure
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to Drug Use
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to
Antisocial Behavior
Family History
of Antisocial Behavior
Family Conflict
Poor Family
Management
Perceived Availability
of Handguns
Perceived Availability
of Drugs
Laws & Norms
Favorable to Drug Use
Low Neighborhood
Attachment

25

70

60

50

40

30

Percentage (%) of youth at risk

**(High Risk youth are defined as the percentage of students who have more than a specified number of risk factors operating in their lives.
th
th
th
* (8 grade: 8 or more risk factors, 10 &12 grades: 9 or more risk factors.)

BH Norm
State 2010
Town 2010
Town 2008
Town 2006

Total
Peer/Individual
School
Family
Community
100

90

80

20

10

0

Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 10
100

Family

Community

School

Total

Peer/Individual

90

Percentage (%) of youth with protection

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Students with
High Protection**

State 2010

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Prosocial
Involvement

Interaction with
Prosocial Peers*

Town 2010

Belief in the
Moral Order

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Town 2008

Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement

Family Attachment

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Town 2006

BH Norm

**(Denotes a change in the wording of the question between 2010 and a prior administration. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
**(High Protection youth are defined as the percentage of students who have four or more protective factors operating in their lives.
**(NOTE: Prior to the 2010 administration, this value was defined as the percentage of students who had five or more protective factors operating in their lives. In order to provide the best comparability
**(across years, 2006/2008 data were recalculated using the new definition.

26

Risk and Protective Factor Profiles

RISK PROFILE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 12

Students at High Risk*
Gang Involvement
Rewards for
Antisocial Behavior
Friend's Use of Drugs
Interaction with
Antisocial Peers
Perceived Risk
of Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to Antisocial Behavior
Early Initiation
of Drug Use
Early Initiation
of Antisocial Behavior
Rebelliousness
Low Commitment
to School
Academic Failure
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to Drug Use
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to
Antisocial Behavior
Family History
of Antisocial Behavior
Family Conflict
Poor Family
Management
Perceived Availability
of Handguns
Perceived Availability
of Drugs
Laws & Norms
Favorable to Drug Use
Low Neighborhood
Attachment

27

70

60

50

40

30

Percentage (%) of youth at risk

**(High Risk youth are defined as the percentage of students who have more than a specified number of risk factors operating in their lives.
th
th
th
* (8 grade: 8 or more risk factors, 10 &12 grades: 9 or more risk factors.)

BH Norm
State 2010
Town 2010
Town 2008
Town 2006

Total
Peer/Individual
School
Family
Community
100

90

80

20

10

0

Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 12
100

Family

Community

School

Total

Peer/Individual

90

Percentage (%) of youth with protection

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Students with
High Protection**

State 2010

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Prosocial
Involvement

Interaction with
Prosocial Peers*

Town 2010

Belief in the
Moral Order

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Town 2008

Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement

Family Attachment

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Town 2006

BH Norm

**(Denotes a change in the wording of the question between 2010 and a prior administration. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
**(High Protection youth are defined as the percentage of students who have four or more protective factors operating in their lives.
**(NOTE: Prior to the 2010 administration, this value was defined as the percentage of students who had five or more protective factors operating in their lives. In order to provide the best comparability
**(across years, 2006/2008 data were recalculated using the new definition.

28

Sources
Risk
and of
Protective
Alcohol Factor Profiles

RISK PROFILE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, All Students Surveyed

Students at High Risk*
Gang Involvement
Rewards for
Antisocial Behavior
Friend's Use of Drugs
Interaction with
Antisocial Peers
Perceived Risk
of Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to Antisocial Behavior
Early Initiation
of Drug Use
Early Initiation
of Antisocial Behavior
Rebelliousness
Low Commitment
to School
Academic Failure
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to Drug Use
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to
Antisocial Behavior
Family History
of Antisocial Behavior
Family Conflict
Poor Family
Management
Perceived Availability
of Handguns
Perceived Availability
of Drugs
Laws & Norms
Favorable to Drug Use
Low Neighborhood
Attachment

29

70

60

50

40

30

Percentage (%) of youth at risk

**(High Risk youth are defined as the percentage of students who have more than a specified number of risk factors operating in their lives.
th
th
th
* (8 grade: 8 or more risk factors, 10 &12 grades: 9 or more risk factors.)

BH Norm
State 2010
Town 2010
Town 2008
Town 2006

Total
Peer/Individual
School
Family
Community
100

90

80

20

10

0

Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, All Students Surveyed
100

Family

Community

School

Total

Peer/Individual

90

Percentage (%) of youth with protection

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Students with
High Protection**

State 2010

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Prosocial
Involvement

Interaction with
Prosocial Peers*

Town 2010

Belief in the
Moral Order

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Town 2008

Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement

Family Attachment

Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement

Town 2006

BH Norm

**(Denotes a change in the wording of the question between 2010 and a prior administration. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
**(High Protection youth are defined as the percentage of students who have four or more protective factors operating in their lives.
**(NOTE: Prior to the 2010 administration, this value was defined as the percentage of students who had five or more protective factors operating in their lives. In order to provide the best comparability
**(across years, 2006/2008 data were recalculated using the new definition.

30

Sources of Alcohol
WHERE YOUTH OBTAINED ALCOHOL*
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 8
Sources of Obtaining Alcohol in the Past Year

100
90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Got it some
other way

Store or someone
else's home

Took it from home

Got at a party

City
Sample: 178

Someone under
21 years

Someone not
related, 21+

Another family
member, 21+

Parent or guardian

Gave someone
else money to
buy it

Bought it at a
public event

Bought it at a
restaurant, bar
or club

Bought it in a store

City
Sample: 174

State
Sample: 4,473

**(Prior to 2008, the AYS did not survey where youth obtained alcohol. Also, because not all surveys ask where youth obtained alcohol, no BH Norm value is reported.
**(Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining alcohol. Students indicating they did not drink alcohol in the past 30 days are not included in the sample.
**(In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.

31

Sources of Alcohol
WHERE YOUTH OBTAINED ALCOHOL*
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 10
Sources of Obtaining Alcohol in the Past Year

100
90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Got it some
other way

Store or someone
else's home

Took it from home

Got at a party

City
Sample: 383

Someone under
21 years

Someone not
related, 21+

Another family
member, 21+

Parent or guardian

Gave someone
else money to
buy it

Bought it at a
public event

Bought it at a
restaurant, bar
or club

Bought it in a store

City
Sample: 347

State
Sample: 5,295

**(Prior to 2008, the AYS did not survey where youth obtained alcohol. Also, because not all surveys ask where youth obtained alcohol, no BH Norm value is reported.
**(Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining alcohol. Students indicating they did not drink alcohol in the past 30 days are not included in the sample.
**(In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.

32

Sources of Alcohol
WHERE YOUTH OBTAINED ALCOHOL*
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 12
Sources of Obtaining Alcohol in the Past Year

100
90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Got it some
other way

Store or someone
else's home

Took it from home

Got at a party

City
Sample: 377

Someone under
21 years

Someone not
related, 21+

Another family
member, 21+

Parent or guardian

Gave someone
else money to
buy it

Bought it at a
public event

Bought it at a
restaurant, bar
or club

Bought it in a store

City
Sample: 300

State
Sample: 6,341

**(Prior to 2008, the AYS did not survey where youth obtained alcohol. Also, because not all surveys ask where youth obtained alcohol, no BH Norm value is reported.
**(Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining alcohol. Students indicating they did not drink alcohol in the past 30 days are not included in the sample.
**(In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.

33

Sources of Alcohol
WHERE YOUTH OBTAINED ALCOHOL*
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, All Students Surveyed
Sources of Obtaining Alcohol in the Past Year

100
90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Got it some
other way

Store or someone
else's home

Took it from home

Got at a party

City
Sample: 938

Someone under
21 years

Someone not
related, 21+

Another family
member, 21+

Parent or guardian

Gave someone
else money to
buy it

Bought it at a
public event

Bought it at a
restaurant, bar
or club

Bought it in a store

City
Sample: 821

State
Sample: 16,109

**(Prior to 2008, the AYS did not survey where youth obtained alcohol. Also, because not all surveys ask where youth obtained alcohol, no BH Norm value is reported.
**(Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining alcohol. Students indicating they did not drink alcohol in the past 30 days are not included in the sample.
**(In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.

34

School Safety
SCHOOL SAFETY PROFILE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 8
Percentage of Students Reporting Any Experience with the Indicated Safety Issue in the Past Year

100
90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Town 2010

Picked On or
Bullied on
School Property

Town 2008

In a Physical
Fight on
School Property

Threatened or
Injured on
School Property

35

Carried a Weapon
on School Property

Felt Unsafe
at School

Town 2006

State 2010

School Safety
SCHOOL SAFETY PROFILE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 10
Percentage of Students Reporting Any Experience with the Indicated Safety Issue in the Past Year

100
90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Town 2010

Picked On or
Bullied on
School Property

Town 2008

In a Physical
Fight on
School Property

Threatened or
Injured on
School Property

36

Carried a Weapon
on School Property

Felt Unsafe
at School

Town 2006

State 2010

School Safety
SCHOOL SAFETY PROFILE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, Grade 12
Percentage of Students Reporting Any Experience with the Indicated Safety Issue in the Past Year

100
90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Town 2010

Picked On or
Bullied on
School Property

Town 2008

In a Physical
Fight on
School Property

Threatened or
Injured on
School Property

37

Carried a Weapon
on School Property

Felt Unsafe
at School

Town 2006

State 2010

School Safety
SCHOOL SAFETY PROFILE
2010 Town of Gilbert, AZ, All Students Surveyed
Percentage of Students Reporting Any Experience with the Indicated Safety Issue in the Past Year

100
90
80
70

Percentage (%)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Town 2010

Picked On or
Bullied on
School Property

Town 2008

In a Physical
Fight on
School Property

Threatened or
Injured on
School Property

38

Carried a Weapon
on School Property

Felt Unsafe
at School

Town 2006

State 2010

Risk and Protective Scale Definitions
Table 3. Scales that Measure the Risk and Protective Factors Shown in the Profiles
Community Domain Risk Factors
1

Low Neighborhood Attachment

Research has shown that youth who don't like the neighborhoods in which they live are more likely to become
involved in juvenile crime and drug selling.

Laws and Norms Favorable
Toward Drug Use

Research has shown that legal restrictions on alcohol and tobacco use, such as raising the legal drinking age, restricting
smoking in public places, and increased taxation have been followed by decreases in consumption. Moreover, national
surveys of high school seniors have shown that shifts in normative attitudes toward drug use have preceded changes in
prevalence of use.

Perceived Availability of Drugs
and Handguns

The availability of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and other illegal drugs has been related to the use of these substances
by adolescents. The availability of handguns is also related to a higher risk of crime and substance use by adolescents.

1
1

1
1

Community Domain Protective Factors
1

Rewards for Prosocial
Involvement

Rewards for positive participation in activities helps youth bond to the community, thus lowering their risk for
substance use.

Family Domain Risk Factors
1

Poor Family Management

Parents’ use of inconsistent and/or unusually harsh or severe punishment with their children places them at higher risk
for substance use and other problem behaviors. Also, parents’ failure to provide clear expectations and to monitor their
children’s behavior makes it more likely that they will engage in drug abuse whether or not there are family drug
problems.

1

Family Conflict

Children raised in families high in conflict, whether or not the child is directly involved in the conflict, appear at risk
for both delinquency and drug use.

1

Family History of Antisocial
Behavior

When children are raised in a family with a history of problem behaviors (e.g., violence or ATOD use), the children are
more likely to engage in these behaviors.

1

Parental Attitudes Favorable
Toward Antisocial Behavior &
Drugs

In families where parents use illegal drugs, are heavy users of alcohol, or are tolerant of children’s use, children are
more likely to become drug abusers during adolescence. The risk is further increased if parents involve children in
their own drug (or alcohol) using behavior, for example, asking the child to light the parent’s cigarette or get the parent
a beer from the refrigerator.

Family Domain Protective Factors
1

Family Attachment

Young people who feel that they are a valued part of their family are less likely to engage in substance use and other
problem behaviors.

1

Opportunities for Prosocial
Involvement

Young people who are exposed to more opportunities to participate meaningfully in the responsibilities and activities
of the family are less likely to engage in drug use and other problem behaviors.

1

Rewards for Prosocial
Involvement

When parents, siblings, and other family members praise, encourage, and attend to things done well by their child,
children are less likely to engage in substance use and problem behaviors.

School Domain Risk Factors
1

Academic Failure

Beginning in the late elementary grades (grades 4-6) academic failure increases the risk of both drug abuse and
delinquency. It appears that the experience of failure itself, for whatever reasons, increases the risk of problem
behaviors.

1

Low Commitment to School

Surveys of high school seniors have shown that the use of drugs is significantly lower among students who expect to
attend college than among those who do not. Factors such as liking school, spending time on homework, and
perceiving the coursework as relevant are also negatively related to drug use.

39

Risk and Protective Scale Definitions
Table 3. Scales that Measure the Risk and Protective Factors Shown in the Profiles
School Domain Protective Factors
1

Opportunities for Prosocial
Involvement

When young people are given more opportunities to participate meaningfully in important activities at school, they are
less likely to engage in drug use and other problem behaviors.

1

Rewards for Prosocial
Involvement

When young people are recognized and rewarded for their contributions at school, they are less likely to be involved in
substance use and other problem behaviors.

Peer-Individual Risk Factors
1

Rebelliousness

Young people who do not feel part of society, are not bound by rules, don’t believe in trying to be successful or
responsible, or who take an active rebellious stance toward society, are at higher risk of abusing drugs. In addition,
high tolerance for deviance, a strong need for independence and normlessness have all been linked with drug use.

1

Early Initiation of Antisocial
Behavior and Drug Use

Early onset of drug use predicts misuse of drugs. The earlier the onset of any drug use, the greater the involvement in
other drug use and the greater frequency of use. Onset of drug use prior to the age of 15 is a consistent predictor of
drug abuse, and a later age of onset of drug use has been shown to predict lower drug involvement and a greater
probability of discontinuation of use.

1

Attitudes Favorable Toward
During the elementary school years, most children express anti-drug, anti-crime, and pro-social attitudes and have
Antisocial Behavior and Drug Use difficulty imagining why people use drugs or engage in antisocial behaviors. However, in middle school, as more youth
are exposed to others who use drugs and engage in antisocial behavior, their attitudes often shift toward greater
acceptance of these behaviors. Youth who express positive attitudes toward drug use and antisocial behavior are more
likely to engage in a variety of problem behaviors, including drug use.

1

Perceived Risk of Drug Use

Young people who do not perceive drug use to be risky are far more likely to engage in drug use.

1

Interaction with Antisocial Peers

Young people who associate with peers who engage in problem behaviors are at higher risk for engaging in antisocial
behavior themselves.

1

Friends' Use of Drugs

Young people who associate with peers who engage in alcohol or substance abuse are much more likely to engage in
the same behavior. Peer drug use has consistently been found to be among the strongest predictors of substance use
among youth. Even when young people come from well-managed families and do not experience other risk factors,
spending time with friends who use drugs greatly increases the risk of that problem developing.

1

Rewards for Antisocial Behavior

Young people who receive rewards for their antisocial behavior are at higher risk for engaging further in antisocial
behavior and substance use.

Gang Involvement

Youth who belong to gangs are more at risk for antisocial behavior and drug use.

1

1

1
1

Peer-Individual Protective Factors
1

Belief in the Moral Order

Young people who have a belief in what is “right” or “wrong” are less likely to use drugs.

1

Interaction with Prosocial Peers

Young people who associate with peers who engage in prosocial behavior are more protected from engaging in
antisocial behavior and substance use.

1

Prosocial Involvement

Participation in positive school and community activities helps provide protection for youth.

1

Rewards for Prosocial
Involvement

Young people who are rewarded for working hard in school and the community are less likely to engage in problem
behavior.

40

Data Tables
Table 4. Percentage of Students Who Used ATODs During Their Lifetime
In your lifetime, on how many occasions
(if any) have you… (One or more occasions)

Grade 8

Grade 10

Grade 12

All Students Surveyed††

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

MTF

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

MTF

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

MTF

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

MTF

Alcohol

had alcoholic beverages (beer, wine or hard
liquor) to drink - more than just a few sips?

46.3

37.7

33.3

45.1

36.6

61.9

58.6

55.2

64.1

59.1

67.4

67.2

67.0

72.8

72.3

58.5

52.6

49.4

58.2

55.6

Cigarettes

smoked cigarettes?

24.7

18.1

16.5

23.8

20.1

37.3

33.8

29.7

37.2

32.7

45.6

42.0

42.5

46.9

43.6

35.8

29.8

27.5

34.0

31.8

Chewing Tobacco

used smokeless tobacco (chew, snuff, plug,
dipping tobacco, chewing tobacco)?

7.1

5.5

6.0

7.1

9.6

12.0

11.4

11.4

12.5

15.2

17.3

13.6

17.6

18.1

16.3

12.1

9.7

10.7

11.7

13.6

Marijuana

used marijuana?

12.5

7.7

10.1

17.8

15.7

25.9

26.0

26.2

34.3

32.3

37.6

35.8

40.9

44.7

42.0

25.2

21.3

23.4

29.9

29.7

Hallucinogens*

used LSD or other hallucinogens?

2.1

2.1

1.7

2.2

1.7

4.3

4.2

6.3

5.9

3.0

7.0

5.7

9.4

9.0

3.1

4.4

3.7

5.2

5.1

2.6

Cocaine

used cocaine or crack?

2.5

1.8

1.4

2.3

2.6

7.3

4.7

3.2

5.3

4.6

11.6

7.3

7.7

8.8

6.0

7.1

4.3

3.5

5.0

4.4

Inhalants

sniffed glue, breathed the contents of
an aerosol spray can, or inhaled other
gases or sprays, in order to get high?

16.0

12.0

12.5

14.5

14.9

12.9

16.0

11.1

11.8

12.8

9.4

6.2

8.9

9.4

9.5

12.8

11.9

11.1

12.3

12.5

Methamphetamines*

used methamphetamines (meth,
crystal meth)?

2.5

0.9

0.6

0.7

1.6

5.1

1.3

1.2

1.6

2.8

6.7

2.8

1.7

2.5

2.4

4.8

1.5

1.1

1.5

2.3

Heroin or Other
Opiates

used heroin or other opiates?

1.2

1.1

0.8

0.9

1.3

3.9

2.5

2.8

2.6

1.5

4.0

3.5

4.0

3.4

1.2

3.1

2.2

2.3

2.1

1.3

Ecstasy*

used Ecstasy (‘X’, ‘E’, or MDMA)?

0.9

1.2

4.1

3.9

2.2

2.4

4.1

7.9

8.2

5.5

4.5

5.6

10.8

10.6

6.5

2.6

3.4

7.1

7.0

4.7

Steroids

used steroids or anabolic steroids (such
as Anadrol, Oxandrin, Durabolin,
Equipoise or Depotesterone)?

2.3

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.3

2.6

2.7

2.4

1.8

1.3

3.7

2.6

2.1

1.7

2.2

2.9

2.3

2.1

1.7

1.6

Prescription Pain
Relievers**

used prescription pain relievers (such
as Vicodin, OxyContin, Percocet or Codeine)
without a doctor telling you to take them?

n/a

9.2

9.1

11.5

4.4

n/a

19.8

16.3

18.9

9.9

n/a

19.5

23.0

23.1

13.2

n/a

15.6

15.0

16.8

9.1

Prescription
Stimulants*

used prescription stimulants (such as Ritalin,
Adderall, or Dexedrine) without a doctor
telling you to take them?

2.8

3.8

2.8

3.0

6.0

9.0

8.5

8.8

7.0

10.3

10.2

7.7

9.9

8.5

9.9

7.4

6.4

6.7

5.7

8.7

Prescription
Sedatives*

used prescription sedatives (tranquilizers,
such as Valium or Xanax, barbiturates,
or sleeping pills)?

10.1

7.0

7.8

8.7

9.5

14.9

12.4

12.1

11.5

13.0

18.6

11.3

14.8

13.4

12.7

14.5

10.0

11.0

10.8

11.7

Prescription
Drugs*†

combined results of prescription stimulant,
sedative and pain reliever questions
(see appendix for details)

14.3

13.4

13.9

16.5

n/a

22.6

25.2

22.4

23.7

n/a

24.3

24.0

28.3

27.3

n/a

20.4

20.3

20.4

21.5

n/a

Over-the-Counter
Drugs**†

used over-the-counter drugs (such
as cough syrup, cold medicine, or diet
pills) for the purposes of getting high?

n/a

8.0

7.1

9.5

n/a

n/a

12.8

11.0

13.2

n/a

n/a

11.9

14.0

14.1

n/a

n/a

10.7

10.2

11.8

n/a

* Denotes a change in the wording of the question between 2010 and prior administrations. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
** Substance categories that were not measured and reported in one or more survey administrations prior to 2010 (also denoted by 'n/a' in the data column).

† No equivalent category for these substances in the Monitoring the Future survey.
†† State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (ie 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.

41

Data Tables
Table 5. Percentage of Students Who Used ATODs During the Past 30 Days
In the past 30 days, on how many occasions
(if any) have you… (One or more occasions)

Grade 8

Grade 10

Grade 12

All Students Surveyed††

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

MTF

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

MTF

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

MTF

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

MTF

21.3

15.5

14.0

21.9

14.9

34.9

33.3

27.9

34.7

30.4

44.7

38.3

42.1

45.0

43.5

33.5

27.6

25.8

31.9

29.2

Alcohol

had alcoholic beverages (beer, wine or hard
liquor) to drink - more than just a few sips?

Cigarettes

smoked cigarettes?

8.8

7.2

7.0

8.9

6.5

17.6

14.5

14.0

15.6

13.1

23.3

21.4

21.6

22.9

20.1

16.5

13.5

13.1

14.7

13.0

Chewing Tobacco

used smokeless tobacco (chew, snuff, plug,
dipping tobacco, chewing tobacco)?

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.8

3.7

4.1

4.6

4.8

5.7

6.5

6.1

4.6

8.8

8.1

8.4

4.2

3.7

4.7

5.1

6.1

Marijuana

used marijuana?

6.1

4.3

5.7

8.9

6.5

12.8

12.2

13.6

17.4

15.9

17.3

14.8

21.0

21.3

20.6

12.1

9.7

12.2

14.8

14.2

Hallucinogens*

used LSD or other hallucinogens?

0.9

0.9

1.0

0.9

0.5

1.4

1.7

2.7

2.0

0.5

2.2

1.2

2.9

2.4

0.5

1.5

1.3

2.1

1.6

0.5

Cocaine

used cocaine or crack?

1.6

0.9

0.7

0.8

0.8

2.6

1.6

1.1

1.6

0.9

2.9

2.1

2.0

2.2

1.3

2.4

1.5

1.2

1.4

1.0

Inhalants

sniffed glue, breathed the contents of
an aerosol spray can, or inhaled other
gases or sprays, in order to get high?

7.6

4.9

5.4

5.6

3.8

4.1

4.7

3.1

3.0

2.2

1.7

0.6

1.5

1.5

1.2

4.5

3.7

3.6

3.7

2.4

Methamphetamines*

used methamphetamines (meth,
crystal meth)?

1.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.5

2.4

0.3

0.6

0.5

0.6

1.0

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.5

1.6

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

Heroin or Other
Opiates

used heroin or other opiates?

0.7

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.4

1.7

0.9

1.4

1.1

0.4

1.0

1.0

1.4

1.2

0.4

1.1

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.4

Ecstasy*

used Ecstasy (‘X’, ‘E’, or MDMA)?

0.5

0.3

2.1

1.7

0.6

1.3

1.4

3.6

2.9

1.3

0.9

1.0

3.1

3.4

1.8

0.9

0.9

2.9

2.5

1.2

Steroids

used steroids or anabolic steroids (such
as Anadrol, Oxandrin, Durabolin,
Equipoise or Depotesterone)?

1.1

0.8

0.7

0.5

0.4

1.6

1.4

1.0

0.7

0.5

2.6

1.0

0.7

0.6

1.0

1.7

1.1

0.8

0.6

0.6

Prescription Pain
Relievers**

used prescription pain relievers (such
as Vicodin, OxyContin, Percocet or Codeine)
without a doctor telling you to take them?

n/a

4.4

4.0

5.7

1.3

n/a

9.5

7.4

8.9

3.0

n/a

6.9

9.1

9.7

4.1

n/a

6.9

6.4

7.7

2.8

Prescription
Stimulants*

used prescription stimulants (such as Ritalin,
Adderall, or Dexedrine) without a doctor
telling you to take them?

1.5

2.3

1.5

1.4

1.9

3.4

2.2

3.8

2.8

3.3

3.5

1.6

2.2

2.5

3.0

2.8

2.1

2.5

2.1

2.7

Prescription
Sedatives*

used prescription sedatives (tranquilizers,
such as Valium or Xanax, barbiturates,
or sleeping pills)?

5.2

3.6

3.3

3.6

2.5

7.1

5.5

5.3

4.7

3.9

7.3

5.0

5.5

4.7

4.2

6.5

4.6

4.5

4.2

3.5

Prescription
Drugs*†

combined results of prescription stimulant,
sedative and pain reliever questions
(see appendix for details)

7.6

7.2

6.2

8.2

n/a

11.4

12.6

11.4

11.8

n/a

11.2

9.9

12.5

12.4

n/a

10.1

9.8

9.6

10.4

n/a

Over-the-Counter
Drugs**†

used over-the-counter drugs (such
as cough syrup, cold medicine, or diet
pills) for the purposes of getting high?

n/a

5.4

4.7

5.4

n/a

n/a

5.4

4.7

6.3

n/a

n/a

4.0

6.5

6.3

n/a

n/a

5.0

5.1

5.9

n/a

* Denotes a change in the wording of the question between 2010 and prior administrations. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
** Substance categories that were not measured and reported in one or more survey administrations prior to 2010 (also denoted by 'n/a' in the data column).

† No equivalent category for these substances in the Monitoring the Future survey.
†† State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (ie 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.

42

Data Tables

Table 6. Percentage of Students With Heavy ATOD Use
Drinking and Driving
During the past 30 days, how many
times did you: (One or more times)
DRIVE a car or other vehicle when you had
been drinking alcohol?
RIDE in a car or other vehicle driven by
someone who had been drinking alcohol?

Grade 8

Grade 10

Grade 12

All Students Surveyed*

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

4.4

2.8

2.4

5.0

4.2

5.7

5.0

4.0

7.6

7.4

14.6

10.4

9.5

14.1

16.6

8.1

5.5

4.7

8.2

7.7

27.2

18.8

20.7

27.7

24.9

25.1

24.6

21.9

29.1

26.3

24.5

19.5

18.9

28.9

27.5

25.6

21.0

20.7

28.5

25.0

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

MTF

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

MTF

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

MTF

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

MTF

Heavy Use
Grade 8

Grade 10

Grade 12

All Students Surveyed*

Binge Drinking

How many times have you had 5 or
more alcoholic drinks in a row in the
past 2 weeks? (One or more times)

11.6

7.6

6.5

12.4

7.8

17.7

18.9

14.5

21.0

17.5

25.6

22.2

26.6

29.2

25.2

18.2

15.3

14.2

19.5

16.6

1/2 Pack (or more)
of Cigarettes/Day

During the past 30 days, how many
cigarettes did you smoke per day?
(11 to 20 cigarettes, More than
20 cigarettes)

1.1

0.9

0.9

0.7

1.0

2.1

2.1

1.8

2.0

2.4

5.9

4.2

4.0

3.6

5.0

3.0

2.2

2.0

1.9

2.7

Table 7. Percentage of Students With Antisocial Behavior
How many times in the past year
(12 months) have you:
(One or more times)

Grade 8

Grade 10

Grade 12

All Students Surveyed*

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Been Drunk or High at School

8.6

5.9

7.2

12.8

7.5

16.6

14.7

14.5

21.8

15.0

16.8

17.1

18.4

22.1

17.7

14.1

11.9

12.6

18.0

13.3

Been Suspended from School

13.4

12.7

12.9

18.5

15.1

8.8

8.6

8.3

14.4

12.6

5.9

5.7

5.3

9.9

9.2

9.4

9.5

9.4

15.0

12.4

Sold Illegal Drugs

4.3

2.5

3.2

5.0

2.5

8.7

7.1

8.2

10.6

6.5

8.4

8.0

8.6

10.8

7.8

7.2

5.5

6.3

8.2

5.5

Stolen or Tried to Steal a Motor Vehicle

4.1

2.6

1.8

3.7

2.3

4.2

3.0

2.9

4.6

2.6

1.6

1.8

2.0

3.1

1.9

3.4

2.5

2.3

3.8

2.3

Been Arrested

4.7

6.1

5.0

7.1

5.2

6.8

7.1

7.1

9.9

6.7

5.4

6.0

7.5

8.7

6.1

5.7

6.4

6.4

8.4

6.0

16.4

13.5

15.1

16.6

16.0

13.0

15.1

12.4

15.5

15.1

11.7

9.4

11.4

11.5

11.9

13.7

13.0

13.2

14.9

14.4

Carried a Handgun

7.1

6.7

6.0

6.7

4.8

5.8

5.3

6.0

7.6

5.2

5.1

5.1

6.9

7.2

5.2

6.0

5.8

6.2

7.1

5.1

Carried a Handgun to School

1.8

0.7

1.0

1.4

0.8

1.7

1.2

1.2

2.1

0.9

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.8

1.0

1.5

1.0

1.1

1.7

0.9

Attacked Someone with the Idea
of Seriously Hurting Them

* State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (ie 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.

43

Data Tables

Table 8. Percentage of Students Gambling in the Past Year
How often have you done the following for
money, possessions, or anything of value:
(At least once in the past 12 months)

Grade 8

Grade 10

Grade 12

All Students Surveyed†

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

49.1

63.5

60.5

61.6

55.0

49.9

65.5

57.4

59.8

53.8

45.4

56.1

54.2

56.5

52.6

48.2

62.3

57.8

59.7

53.0

1.9

5.5

4.4

5.3

5.7

2.7

7.3

4.3

4.8

5.3

3.9

6.2

6.0

5.3

5.4

2.9

6.3

4.8

5.2

5.3

22.7

20.4

20.4

21.4

24.0

23.3

22.3

18.1

20.7

23.5

16.4

16.9

18.1

18.9

23.9

20.8

20.2

19.0

20.6

22.7

Bet on sports?*

n/a

24.8

24.6

28.6

22.8

n/a

30.7

22.8

27.0

22.5

n/a

21.9

22.1

24.4

20.5

n/a

26.2

23.4

27.0

21.4

Played cards?

22.2

41.4

38.0

36.1

25.8

27.4

46.9

35.0

36.0

27.0

27.0

39.4

34.8

34.8

26.7

25.8

42.8

36.2

35.7

25.3

n/a

17.9

14.2

15.9

n/a

n/a

19.2

14.8

16.6

n/a

n/a

15.4

13.6

15.3

n/a

n/a

17.7

14.3

16.0

n/a

14.4

30.8

28.2

26.4

22.7

11.6

28.3

20.7

20.4

17.7

5.4

15.0

11.9

14.2

14.0

10.3

25.9

21.6

21.4

19.5

Gambled on the Internet?

4.9

4.6

3.9

5.1

4.5

4.8

4.3

4.3

4.6

4.0

4.9

4.1

3.4

4.2

3.7

4.9

4.3

3.9

4.7

4.2

Played a dice game?*

n/a

30.5

28.1

26.0

12.1

n/a

28.9

24.6

21.9

11.2

n/a

18.8

16.9

17.9

10.0

n/a

26.9

24.1

22.6

11.4

16.9

29.5

25.5

28.2

20.1

21.7

32.1

23.8

27.7

20.5

18.2

24.5

23.0

24.9

18.8

19.2

29.2

24.3

27.2

19.4

n/a

4.5

3.7

5.0

4.6

n/a

4.2

2.6

5.0

4.7

n/a

3.3

3.2

4.4

4.6

n/a

4.1

3.2

4.8

4.7

Any Gambling
Played a slot machine, poker machine
or other gambling machine?
Played the lottery or scratch-off tickets?

Bought a raffle ticket?**
Played bingo?

Bet on a game of personal skill such as
pool or a video game?*
Bet on a horse or other animal race?*

* Denotes a change in the wording of the question between 2008 and prior administrations. Non-comparable data are omitted from table. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
** National Comparison data for Bought a raffle ticket are not available.

† State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (ie 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.

44

Data Tables
Table 9. Percentage of Students Reporting Risk
Grade 8

Risk Factor

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

Grade 10
State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

All Students Surveyed**

Grade 12
State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Community Domain
Low Neighborhood Attachment

34.1

32.3

31.7

35.9

36.6

43.7

42.1

37.2

43.6

42.8

46.7

45.7

43.7

47.3

47.0

41.7

39.3

36.6

41.3

42.0

Laws & Norms Favorable to Drug Use

32.1

26.4

24.8

35.0

32.8

31.8

34.8

31.0

41.8

39.6

26.0

23.1

30.9

35.5

32.8

30.0

28.5

28.6

37.2

35.2

Perceived Availability of Drugs

33.7

32.2

32.0

36.9

29.4

48.1

46.0

38.5

42.9

40.5

49.4

49.0

45.7

43.8

42.7

43.9

41.4

37.7

40.6

37.5

Perceived Availability of Handguns

34.0

35.8

29.4

33.4

39.8

24.4

23.6

19.7

22.3

29.9

33.6

27.5

24.3

26.5

34.8

30.4

29.4

24.6

28.2

34.8

Poor Family Management

46.3

39.9

37.6

43.7

41.9

40.7

39.3

37.7

40.6

40.3

42.6

41.0

39.8

41.2

39.8

42.9

40.0

38.2

42.1

40.7

Family Conflict

50.3

51.9

51.8

53.1

51.5

40.1

43.6

42.9

42.1

41.6

38.0

38.5

37.5

39.1

38.8

42.5

45.4

45.0

45.9

44.1

Family History of Antisocial Behavior

30.9

29.4

30.4

39.3

36.4

31.8

32.5

31.3

41.5

39.0

29.7

26.8

32.8

37.4

37.3

30.9

29.8

31.3

39.4

37.6

Parental Attitudes Favorable to ASB

45.1

42.7

43.1

47.7

46.9

46.2

53.2

50.1

50.0

52.3

42.4

45.4

48.3

48.6

50.3

44.6

47.1

47.0

48.6

49.9

Parental Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use

28.6

21.3

19.8

24.7

26.0

37.7

38.0

36.1

37.9

40.8

38.7

36.2

36.1

38.6

38.6

35.3

31.1

29.7

32.4

35.2

Academic Failure

40.2

39.7

38.7

45.5

46.6

43.8

45.1

41.2

48.5

47.9

39.8

36.6

32.1

40.6

41.8

41.4

40.8

38.0

45.1

45.6

Low Commitment to School

42.4

40.3

43.3

41.0

38.0

39.9

43.3

44.1

41.7

41.7

49.5

45.9

45.2

42.2

42.9

43.7

42.8

44.0

41.5

40.8

Rebelliousness

41.4

37.6

42.4

43.8

39.0

45.6

46.6

45.8

47.6

45.5

42.6

38.7

41.1

44.6

43.6

43.3

41.0

43.3

45.1

42.7

Early Initiation of ASB

31.9

30.1

31.5

37.6

33.7

32.0

33.1

32.9

40.6

37.0

32.1

28.7

32.6

38.6

35.4

32.0

30.8

32.3

38.8

35.4

Early Initiation of Drug Use

27.5

18.3

19.0

29.3

24.0

29.4

25.0

22.4

31.0

27.3

29.8

23.5

25.9

29.6

28.8

28.9

22.0

21.9

29.9

26.6

Attitudes Favorable to ASB

43.1

38.7

38.5

41.4

36.2

47.3

50.4

43.5

44.7

44.9

42.8

44.1

43.1

41.7

41.9

44.6

44.2

41.4

42.4

41.0

Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use

28.2

21.3

21.6

29.3

22.6

35.1

34.5

32.6

36.2

33.6

35.3

33.7

38.9

35.9

32.7

33.0

29.1

29.7

33.1

29.6

Perceived Risk of Drug Use

39.9

34.3

38.3

47.8

37.1

37.0

36.7

41.2

45.9

35.7

37.7

42.8

50.4

50.4

40.3

38.2

37.3

42.2

47.9

37.6

Interaction with Antisocial Peers

45.2

49.2

48.5

55.8

50.3

43.9

49.3

45.6

56.3

52.0

42.5

42.4

47.1

51.5

49.0

43.9

47.5

47.1

54.8

50.5

Friend's Use of Drugs

33.9

28.7

29.4

39.4

30.8

36.1

37.1

34.6

42.6

36.2

34.7

31.9

39.2

38.1

32.3

35.0

32.5

33.6

40.0

33.2

Rewards for ASB

48.3

39.5

44.2

48.2

36.7

45.7

42.1

45.8

46.8

42.7

52.0

51.6

60.4

57.1

55.1

48.5

43.5

48.7

50.1

44.4

Gang Involvement

20.7

18.6

12.3

20.8

17.8

19.6

18.8

12.8

20.9

15.7

12.4

11.2

11.3

16.1

13.1

17.7

16.7

12.2

19.6

15.6

31.0

31.7

30.4

37.1

29.7

31.7

32.7

31.9

34.2

30.4

30.9

30.0

31.2

32.5

29.0

31.2

31.6

31.1

35.0

29.7

Family Domain

School Domain

Peer-Individual Domain

Total Risk
Students at High Risk*

* High Risk youth are defined as the percentage of students who have more than a specified number of risk factors operating in their lives. (8th grade: 8 or more risk factors, 10th &12th grades: 9 or more risk factors.)

** State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (ie 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.

45

Data Tables
Table 10. Percentage of Students Reporting Protection
Grade 10

Grade 8

Protective Factor

Grade 12

All Students Surveyed†

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

Town
2006

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

BH
Norm

33.4

36.4

38.1

32.9

38.3

35.6

37.2

42.1

38.0

44.2

34.6

34.3

38.4

37.0

44.1

34.6

36.1

39.7

35.6

42.2

Family Attachment

54.3

54.7

55.3

51.1

51.9

45.6

49.3

48.0

45.6

44.7

61.2

58.3

58.9

56.6

55.6

53.3

53.8

53.4

50.9

50.4

Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement

61.7

62.0

60.4

59.7

60.7

55.6

56.1

57.8

54.6

53.1

58.3

56.7

57.1

56.4

53.8

58.3

58.5

58.6

57.2

55.8

Rewards for Prosocial Involvement

66.2

64.9

65.9

61.7

61.5

56.3

58.1

58.2

54.9

53.0

59.0

57.9

59.9

56.4

52.4

60.0

60.6

61.5

58.2

55.6

Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement

61.1

65.5

65.7

63.0

68.9

72.2

70.0

67.1

65.6

71.6

68.9

71.2

64.5

67.6

72.8

67.6

68.5

65.9

65.0

71.0

Rewards for Prosocial Involvement

45.5

51.6

53.5

52.0

57.5

65.1

63.6

60.2

61.2

58.9

45.4

48.4

44.3

46.9

51.6

52.6

55.0

53.8

53.5

56.2

Belief in the Moral Order

54.9

66.7

65.8

60.3

64.6

63.9

66.6

68.1

69.4

68.0

53.9

56.9

54.9

56.4

53.8

57.8

64.1

64.1

62.0

62.5

Interaction with Prosocial Peers*

58.9

61.5

62.1

54.7

58.8

58.1

59.2

65.3

57.5

60.7

53.1

52.3

56.5

57.3

59.3

56.8

58.3

61.9

56.2

59.6

Prosocial Involvement

41.0

41.1

42.1

40.0

40.8

45.8

47.0

52.6

45.3

46.1

38.5

39.7

45.4

41.9

42.6

41.9

42.8

46.7

42.1

43.2

Rewards for Prosocial Involvement

54.3

58.3

59.0

59.2

62.5

59.1

58.2

62.0

61.7

59.9

49.8

52.3

54.6

55.6

51.8

54.6

56.7

59.0

59.0

58.3

49.6

60.3

59.9

53.6

52.8

55.7

61.5

64.7

57.6

52.5

53.3

55.5

56.9

55.9

50.5

52.9

59.5

60.9

55.4

52.0

Community Domain
Rewards for Prosocial Involvement

Family Domain

School Domain

Peer-Individual Domain

Total Protection
Students with High Protection**

* Denotes a change in the wording of the question between 2008 and prior administrations. Consult appendix for a detailed explanation.
** High Protection youth are defined as the percentage of students who have four or more protective factors operating in their lives. NOTE: Prior to the 2010 administration, this value was defined as the percentage of students who had five or more protective factors operating in
their lives. In order to provide the best comparability across years, 2006/2008 data were recalculated using the new definition.

† State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (ie 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.

46

Data Tables
Table 11. Where Youth Obtained Alcohol*
If during the past 30 days you drank
alcohol, how did you get it?
(Mark all that apply)
Sample size**

Grade 8
Town
2008

Town
2010

Grade 10
State
2010

Town
2008

Town
2010

Grade 12
State
2010

Town
2008

Town
2010

All Students Surveyed†
State
2010

Town
2008

Town
2010

State
2010

174

178

4,473

347

383

5,295

300

377

6,341

821

938

16,109

I bought it in a store such as a liquor store,
convenience store, supermarket,
discount store, or gas station

4.0

4.5

4.9

5.8

5.0

6.3

9.3

7.7

9.9

6.7

6.0

7.3

I bought it at a restaurant, bar, or club

2.3

1.7

2.5

3.5

2.6

2.1

4.7

3.7

3.6

3.7

2.9

2.8

I bought it at a public event such as a
concert or sporting event

2.3

1.7

3.0

3.7

1.6

2.2

3.7

2.9

2.5

3.4

2.1

2.6

I gave someone else money to buy it for me

19.5

17.4

19.2

31.7

28.7

32.6

41.0

42.7

42.5

32.5

32.2

32.8

My parent or guardian gave it to me

17.2

24.7

17.5

22.8

21.9

15.0

11.0

19.6

13.3

17.3

21.5

15.0

Another family member who is 21 or older
gave it to me

15.5

18.0

17.3

17.0

12.3

16.8

17.7

15.6

14.8

16.9

14.7

16.1

Someone not related to me who is 21 or older
gave it to me

15.5

14.0

16.2

27.1

26.1

24.8

38.3

33.2

30.4

28.7

26.7

24.6

Someone under the age of 21 gave it to me

28.2

24.2

21.0

27.4

20.4

23.1

21.7

20.7

18.6

25.5

21.2

20.7

I got it at a party

28.7

31.5

38.7

49.6

40.7

49.6

53.7

56.0

53.8

46.7

45.1

48.2

I took it from home

41.4

34.3

30.2

33.1

28.2

21.9

16.7

15.6

13.1

28.9

24.3

20.7

I took it from a store or someone else's home

14.9

10.1

9.4

13.5

14.6

9.8

8.0

6.9

5.6

11.8

10.7

8.1

I got it some other way

31.6

22.5

25.2

23.9

17.8

18.8

12.3

12.7

13.3

21.3

16.6

18.4

* Prior to 2008, the AYS did not survey where youth obtained alcohol.
** Sample size represents the number of students who indicated at least one means of obtaining alcohol. Students indicating they did not drink alcohol in the past 30 days are not included in the sample. In
the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.

† State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (ie 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised
when comparing rates.

47

Data Tables
Table 12. Percentage of Students Reporting School Safety Issues
Grade 8

Question

During the past 12 months, how many
times has someone threatened or injured
you with a weapon such as a gun, knife,
or club on school property?

During the past 12 months, how many times
were you in a physical fight on school
property?

During the past 12 months, how often have
you been picked on or bullied by a student
ON SCHOOL PROPERTY?*

Town
2006

During the past 30 days, on how many days
did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife,
or club ON SCHOOL PROPERTY?

Town
2010

State
2010

Town
2006

Town
2008

Grade 12

Town
2010

State
2010

Town
2006

Town
2008

All Students Surveyed**

Town
2010

State
2010

Town
2006

Town
2010

State
2010

84.3

89.3

92.4

91.7

87.4

89.1

93.9

92.7

91.9

94.4

96.5

95.3

87.8

90.5

93.9

93.0

1 time

7.9

6.0

4.3

4.5

6.1

5.8

3.0

3.7

4.3

2.3

1.6

2.4

6.2

5.0

3.2

3.7

2-3 times

4.1

3.1

2.1

2.2

3.7

2.5

1.7

1.9

2.2

1.6

1.1

1.3

3.4

2.5

1.7

1.9

4-5 times

1.2

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.8

1.1

0.5

0.5

0.3

0.6

0.0

0.3

0.8

0.7

0.4

0.5

6-7 times

0.8

0.4

0.1

0.2

0.7

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.7

0.3

0.1

0.2

8-9 times

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.4

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

10-11 times

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

12 or more times

1.2

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.8

0.9

0.5

0.6

0.4

0.7

0.4

0.3

0.8

0.7

0.5

0.5

0 times

80.1

83.2

83.0

79.5

88.8

87.2

89.6

87.0

94.2

93.8

94.4

92.6

87.6

87.4

88.1

85.2

1 time

11.9

10.5

9.8

11.0

6.7

8.6

6.1

7.3

3.7

3.4

3.2

4.3

7.5

8.0

6.9

8.1

2-3 times

5.3

4.1

4.3

6.2

2.4

2.8

3.0

3.6

1.3

1.5

0.6

1.8

3.0

2.9

2.9

4.2

4-5 times

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.7

0.7

0.4

0.7

0.9

0.2

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.8

0.7

0.9

1.1

6-7 times

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.5

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

8-9 times

0.0

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.0

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

10-11 times

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.2

0.1

12 or more times

0.8

0.2

0.4

0.7

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.4

0.6

0.4

0.5

0.6

0 times

58.9

58.4

59.3

60.5

78.1

67.9

71.1

73.1

88.6

85.8

85.5

85.4

75.1

68.8

69.9

70.9

1 time

20.8

12.7

13.9

12.8

12.4

10.9

8.1

9.1

6.6

6.2

5.2

5.3

13.4

10.4

9.7

9.7

12.4

10.3

11.1

9.9

10.3

8.4

4.6

5.1

4.7

9.5

9.0

8.6

3.9

4.4

4.7

3.1

3.7

3.0

0.9

1.9

1.7

2.9

3.5

3.3

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.4

1.1

1.2

0.5

0.9

0.7

1.4

1.4

1.3

8-9 times

1.5

0.8

1.1

1.2

1.1

0.7

0.1

0.2

0.3

1.1

0.8

0.8

10-11 times

0.7

1.0

0.7

0.9

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.7

0.6

0.5

5.3

8.2

8.4

7.3

2.3

4.6

4.2

4.2

0.6

1.7

0.9

1.8

2.8

5.3

5.1

4.9

0 days

91.8

93.7

93.2

90.5

94.4

95.1

94.9

93.3

97.2

96.1

97.5

95.7

94.4

94.8

94.8

92.7

1 day

4.5

3.9

4.2

5.2

3.5

3.1

2.7

3.6

1.8

1.6

1.5

2.2

3.3

3.0

3.0

4.0

2-3 days

2.1

1.4

2.0

2.6

0.9

1.0

1.3

1.8

0.3

1.2

0.3

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.3

2.0

4-5 days

0.3

0.6

0.2

0.7

0.5

0.1

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.5

6 or more days

1.3

0.4

0.4

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.9

0.8

0.6

0.9

0.6

0.6

0.9

0.6

0.6

0.8

0 days

94.6

96.4

96.6

95.2

95.0

95.8

96.2

95.0

96.1

96.5

95.7

95.4

95.2

96.2

96.2

95.2

1 day

2.7

1.8

1.7

2.3

1.5

2.0

1.6

1.8

0.7

0.7

1.5

1.4

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.9

2-3 days

0.8

0.7

0.8

1.2

1.4

1.2

0.5

1.0

0.7

0.7

1.1

0.9

1.0

0.9

0.8

1.1

4-5 days

0.7

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.6

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.1

0.4

0.6

0.3

0.2

0.4

6 or more days

1.3

0.9

0.7

1.0

1.4

0.6

1.5

1.8

2.1

1.7

1.5

2.0

1.6

1.0

1.2

1.5

2-3 times
4-5 times
6-7 times

15.0

7.2

4.1

8.8

* In 2006 the choices for this question were Never , Once , Several Times and Very Often.
** State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (ie 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.

48

Town
2008

0 times

12 or more times

During the past 30 days, on how many days
did you not go to school because you felt
you would be unsafe at school or on your
way to or from school?

Town
2008

Grade 10

Data Tables

Table 13. Drug Free Communities Report - National Outcome Measures (NOMs)
Outcome

Definition

Substance

Grade 8
Percent

Grade 10

Sample

Percent

Grade 12

Sample

Percent

All Students Surveyed†

Sample

Percent

Sample

Male ††
Percent

Female ††

Sample

Percent

Sample

drink 1 or two drinks
nearly every day

Alcohol

68.8

1,579

68.1

1,494

65.2

950

67.7

4,023

60.8

1,939

74.6

1,994

smoke 1 or more packs of
cigarettes per day

Cigarettes

87.0

1,584

90.5

1,499

92.1

957

89.5

4,040

88.0

1,948

91.1

2,002

smoke marijuana regularly

Marijuana

83.8

1,527

72.8

1,461

61.7

934

74.4

3,922

67.4

1,883

81.1

1,954

Perception of Parent
Disapproval*
(Parents feel it would be
Wrong or Very Wrong to... )

drink beer, wine, or
hard liquor regularly

Alcohol

93.5

1,562

86.9

1,494

79.3

938

87.7

3,994

86.3

1,925

89.1

1,980

smoke cigarettes

Cigarettes

97.6

1,554

94.6

1,489

88.6

932

94.4

3,975

93.2

1,921

95.4

1,965

smoke marijuana

Marijuana

97.5

1,578

93.3

1,498

91.1

950

94.4

4,026

93.3

1,945

95.6

1,990

Perception of
Peer Disapproval* (I think
it is Wrong or Very Wrong
for someone my age to...)

drink beer, wine, or
hard liquor regularly

Alcohol

84.4

1,662

68.6

1,525

56.6

994

72.0

4,181

70.2

2,026

73.7

2,059

Past 30-Day Use*

at least one use in the
past 30 days

Perception of Risk*
(People are at Moderate
or Great Risk of harming
themselves if they...)

smoke cigarettes

Cigarettes

88.6

1,660

78.0

1,525

63.2

992

78.7

4,177

78.3

2,024

78.8

2,058

smoke marijuana

Marijuana

88.5

1,659

74.7

1,523

63.2

989

77.5

4,171

73.9

2,021

80.7

2,055

Alcohol

2,029

14.0

1,627

27.9

1,509

42.1

979

25.8

4,115

25.5

1,992

26.3

Cigarettes

7.0

1,589

14.0

1,496

21.6

957

13.1

4,042

13.5

1,946

12.8

2,005

Marijuana

5.7

1,621

13.6

1,502

21.0

972

12.2

4,095

14.1

1,977

10.7

2,025

Average Age of Onset**
Percent

(How old were you
when you first…)

Sample

had more than a sip or two of
beer, wine or hard liquor?

Alcohol

39.2

Average age:

11.8 years

smoked a cigarette,
even just a puff?

Cigarettes

17.9

Average age:

12.1 years

Marijuana

10.4

Average age:

12.6 years

smoked marijuana?

1,654

Percent

Sample

57.8

1,516

13.2 years
1,655

31.1
26.8
13.8 years

Sample

66.8

990

14.3 years
1,520

44.8

1,522

42.5
14.8 years

Percent

Sample

52.5

4,160

13.1 years
990

14.1 years

13.2 years
1,655

Percent

29.1
24.0

Sample

53.7

2,021

13.0 years
4,165

13.3 years
990

Percent

30.1

4,167

26.5
13.9 years

Sample

51.5

2,046

13.3 years
2,019

28.5

2,053

13.4 years

13.1 years

14.0 years

Percent

2,020

22.0

2,054

14.2 years

* For Past 30-Day Use, Perception of Risk, and Perception of Parental/Peer Disapproval, the “Sample” column represents the sample size - the number of people who answered the question and whose responses were used to determine the percentage. The "Percent" column represents
the percentage of youth in the sample answering the question as specified in the definition.

** For Average Age of Onset, the “Sample” column represents the overall sample size: the total number of people that responded to the questions about Age of Onset. This includes responses that are not used to calculate the average age of onset (i.e., youth that have never used alcohol,
tobacco, and marijuana). The "Percent" column represents the percentage of youth in the sample reporting any age of first use for the specified substance. "Average age" is calculated by averaging the ages of first use of students reporting any use.

†
††

State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (ie 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when comparing rates.

The male and female values allow a gender comparison for youth who completed the survey. However, unless the percentage of students who participated from each grade is similar, the gender results are not necessarily representative of males and females in the community.

49

Data Tables
Table 14. Additional Data for Prevention Planning
In the last 30 days, about how many times were you
offered:

52.3

46.3

41.6

65.8

57.7

14.2
17.3

12.0
20.3

13.2
21.3

10.6
12.7

13.1
15.0

2.4
0.9
1.2

3.4
1.0
2.4

5.4
2.1
3.4

7.7
2.9
5.7

9.3
5.6
6.4

10.7
4.9
8.3

5.2
2.4
3.3

6.7
2.6
4.9

82.4
7.2

80.6
8.7

70.0
8.2

68.4
10.3

63.5
8.3

62.7
10.3

73.4
7.8

72.2
9.6

4.5
2.0

5.2
2.2

9.2
3.9

8.6
3.9

10.2
4.2

9.6
4.8

7.6
3.2

7.4
3.4

1.2
2.6

1.0
2.4

1.9
6.8

2.3
6.5

2.7
11.2

2.8
9.8

1.8
6.2

1.9
5.6

83.1
5.8

75.4
8.1

68.0
8.4

58.7
11.1

56.3
11.1

56.9
11.0

71.2
8.1

65.4
9.7

3.9
2.6
1.5

6.5
3.5
1.9

9.1
4.5
2.3

10.3
6.2
3.6

12.8
5.8
3.4

10.7
6.3
3.7

7.9
4.1
2.2

8.7
5.1
2.9

3.0
88.6

4.7
88.4

7.6
84.1

10.2
81.4

10.6
84.0

11.4
81.7

6.5
85.9

8.2
84.5

5.6
2.1

5.4
2.7

6.1
4.7

7.5
4.8

7.2
4.1

7.3
4.8

6.1
3.5

6.6
3.9

1.8
0.3

1.2
0.6

2.0
0.9

2.2
1.2

1.3
1.2

2.2
1.2

1.8
0.7

1.8
0.9

2-3 times
4-6 times

Never
Once
2-3 times
4-6 times
7-10 times
More than 10 times
Never
Once
2-3 times
4-6 times
7-10 times

1.5

1.7

2.3

2.9

2.1

2.9

2.0

2.4

Never

66.9

64.9

66.9

63.0

70.2

67.0

67.7

64.9

Once

12.1
10.6

13.6
10.3

11.8
12.5

12.7
11.9

8.9
11.5

10.9
10.8

11.2
11.5

12.6
10.9

7-10 times

3.9
0.9

3.5
1.5

2.9
1.1

4.5
1.9

3.9
2.0

4.2
2.0

3.5
1.2

4.0
1.7

More than 10 times

5.6

6.2

4.7

6.0

3.5

5.1

4.8

5.8

More than 10 times

2-3 times
4-6 times

In the last 30 days, how often did you respond in the
following ways when alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana or
other drugs were offered to you?
Never
Once
Twice
Three times
Four or more times
I never got offers
Never
Once
Twice
Three times
Four or more times
I never got offers
Never
Once
Twice
Three times
Four or more times
I never got offers
Never
Once

use some other way to not accept
the alcohol or drugs?

State
2010

12.9
14.3

More than 10 times

decide to leave the situation
without accepting the offer?

Town
2010

61.9

7-10 times

give an explanation or excuse
to turn down the offer?

State
2010

12.3
9.5

Once

say "No" without giving a
reason why?

Town
2010

71.4

Never

In the last 30 days, how often have
you avoided people or places
because you might be offered alcohol,
cigarettes, marijuana, or other drugs?

State
2010

7.7
6.5

More than 10 times

other drugs?

Town
2010

81.3

7-10 times

marijuana?

State
2010

All Students Surveyed*

Once
4-6 times

cigarettes?

Town
2010

Grade 12

Grade 10

Never
2-3 times

alcohol?

Grade 8

Twice
Three times
Four or more times
I never got offers

Grade 8
Town
2010

Grade 12

Grade 10
State
2010

Town
2010

State
2010

Town
2010

All Students Surveyed*

State
2010

Town
2010

State
2010

30.0
9.9

30.9
14.2

34.6
13.4

33.4
17.4

35.6
14.6

33.8
17.2

33.0
12.3

32.4
16.0

4.1
1.8
4.0

5.8
2.7
5.3

8.1
2.5
6.0

8.9
4.1
8.8

8.7
5.4
7.9

10.3
5.5
10.4

6.7
2.9
5.6

8.0
3.9
7.7

50.2
31.6

41.1
35.7

35.4
39.1

27.3
38.7

27.9
36.3

22.8
39.4

39.4
35.5

32.0
37.6

9.3
3.9

10.9
5.4

12.7
5.2

13.9
8.2

14.0
10.9

15.2
10.2

11.7
6.0

13.0
7.5

1.7
2.8

2.7
4.4

2.8
5.2

4.6
7.3

4.2
6.7

5.2
7.4

2.7
4.6

3.9
6.1

50.7
34.4

41.0
37.3

35.1
44.3

27.3
45.1

27.9
48.5

22.5
50.9

39.5
41.4

31.9
43.3

6.9
2.4
1.9

10.2
3.7
2.4

9.3
3.8
2.0

12.3
5.2
2.9

12.5
3.8
2.5

11.4
5.2
3.2

9.1
3.3
2.1

11.1
4.6
2.8

3.1
51.3

4.6
41.8

4.8
35.7

6.3
28.1

4.3
28.4

5.9
23.4

4.0
40.1

5.5
32.8

37.6
5.7

40.7
8.2

50.2
7.2

49.7
9.9

55.4
7.0

55.3
9.6

46.5
6.5

47.4
9.1

1.8
1.3

3.3
1.9

2.4
1.3

4.2
2.6

3.2
1.7

4.3
2.4

2.4
1.4

3.8
2.3

2.2
51.4

3.8
42.1

2.9
36.0

5.2
28.3

3.9
28.8

4.6
23.7

2.9
40.3

4.4
33.0

* State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (ie 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when
comparing rates.

50

Data Tables
Table 15. Additional Data for Prevention Planning (Cont'd)
Grade 8

How many times in the past year (12 months) have you:

seen someone punched
with a fist, kicked, choked
or beaten up?

State
2010

Town
2010

State
2010

Town
2010

State
2010

82.8

85.5

81.9

86.2

83.6

85.4

82.7

7.6

8.4

7.0

8.0

6.2

7.6

7.0

8.1

3 to 5 times

2.8

3.3

3.0

3.4

2.3

3.1

2.8

3.3

6 to 9 times

1.2

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.6

10 to 19 times

1.4

1.7

0.7

2.1

1.4

1.6

1.2

1.8

20 to 29 times

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.6

30 to 39 times

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

40+ times

1.7

1.5

1.6

1.9

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.7

Never

29.8

29.2

38.3

31.1

49.8

42.1

37.7

33.2

1 or 2 times

30.9

28.6

29.5

26.7

26.3

25.6

29.3

27.2

3 to 5 times

16.6

18.8

15.1

19.0

13.2

16.7

15.2

18.3

6 to 9 times

9.3

9.4

7.2

9.9

4.5

7.0

7.4

8.9

10 to 19 times

5.1

5.8

4.7

6.4

2.9

4.4

4.4

5.6

20 to 29 times

2.5

2.6

1.6

2.4

1.0

1.5

1.8

2.2

30 to 39 times

0.7

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.2

0.5

0.7

0.8

40+ times

5.1

4.7

2.6

3.6

2.1

2.3

3.4

3.7

86.1

81.3

87.5

81.7

90.5

85.9

87.6

82.6

1 or 2 times

8.4

10.4

7.2

9.9

6.2

8.0

7.4

9.6

3 to 5 times

2.7

3.5

2.7

3.4

1.4

2.5

2.4

3.2

6 to 9 times

1.1

1.6

0.7

1.6

0.8

1.2

0.9

1.5

10 to 19 times

0.7

1.6

1.0

1.8

0.2

1.2

0.7

1.6

20 to 29 times

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.4

30 to 39 times

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

40+ times

0.6

0.9

0.5

1.1

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.9

91.2

87.2

93.6

87.7

92.7

89.8

92.4

88.1

1 or 2 times

5.4

7.7

4.3

7.1

5.4

6.1

5.0

7.1

3 to 5 times

1.5

2.1

1.1

1.9

1.0

1.7

1.2

1.9

6 to 9 times

0.8

0.9

0.4

0.9

0.3

0.7

0.6

0.8

10 to 19 times

0.4

0.8

0.4

1.2

0.2

0.8

0.3

0.9

20 to 29 times

0.1

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.2

30 to 39 times

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

40+ times

0.5

0.9

0.3

0.9

0.4

0.6

0.4

0.8

Never

seen someone shot or shot at?

Town
2010

All Students Surveyed*

84.8

Never

seen someone attacked with
a weapon other than a gun, such
as a knife, bat, bottle, or chain?

State
2010

Grade 12

1 or 2 times

Never

been hit, slapped, pushed,
shoved, kicked, or any other
way physically assaulted by
your boyfriend or girlfriend?

Town
2010

Grade 10

If you have ever used prescription drugs in order
to get high, not for a medical reason, how did
you get them? (Mark all that apply)
I've never used prescription drugs to get high
Friends
Family/Relatives
Parties
Home (e.g., Medicine Cabinet)
Doctor/Pharmacy
School
Other
Over the Internet
Outside the United States (e.g., Mexico, Canada)

Grade 8

Grade 10

All Students Surveyed

Grade 12

Town 2010

State 2010

Town 2010

State 2010

Town 2010

State 2010

Town 2010

State 2010

92.0

88.1

84.5

81.7

80.7

78.5

86.6

83.6

4.3

5.5

11.0

11.2

13.2

14.0

8.9

9.5

1.7

2.2

3.4

3.7

3.7

4.2

2.8

3.2

1.6

2.5

4.2

4.9

4.9

5.5

3.3

4.0

2.7

2.9

5.3

5.0

5.1

5.2

4.2

4.1

1.0

1.3

3.0

2.8

5.0

4.4

2.7

2.6

1.4

1.6

3.8

3.7

2.9

3.6

2.6

2.8

1.6

1.8

2.3

3.0

3.0

3.1

2.2

2.5

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.4

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.7

0.8

1.0

1.7

1.3

0.8

1.0

* State and national data for All Students Surveyed are drawn from grades 8, 10 and 12. Depending on which grades were surveyed in a particular report, (ie 8 and 10 only), caution should be exercised when
comparing rates.

51

Appendix
Appendix - Comparability of survey administrations
Issue
Drug Category

2008/2010 AYS

2006 AYS
On how many occasions (if any) have you:

Notes regarding changes

On how many occasions (if any) have you:

Hallucinogens

Used LSD or other psychedelics?

Used LSD or other hallucinogens?

Substituted "hallucinogens" for "psychedelics" in 2008 and beyond.
Comparable across years.

Meth

Used methamphetamines (meth, speed, crank, crystal
meth)?

Used methamphetamines (meth, crystal, crank)?

2006 and 2008/2010 provide slightly different examples, but are cautiously
comparable.

Prescription
stimulants

Used stimulants, other than methamphetamines (such
as amphetamines, Ritalin, or Dexedrine) without a doctor
telling you to take them?

Used prescription stimulants (such as Ritalin, Adderall, or
Dexedrine) without a doctor telling you to take them?

2006 and 2008/2010 provide slightly different examples, but are cautiously
comparable.

Prescription
sedatives

Used sedatives (tranquilizers, such as Valium or Xanax,
barbiturates, or sleeping pills) without a doctor
telling you to take them?

Used prescription sedatives (tranquilizers, such as Valium or Xanax,
barbiturates, or sleeping pills)?

In 2008 AYS added descriptor "prescription" and removed qualifier "without
a doctor telling you to take them." 2006 data are
cautiously comparable to 2008/2010.

Ecstasy

Used MDMA (‘X’, ‘E’, or ecstasy)?

Used ecstasy (‘X’, ‘E’, or MDMA)?

2008/2010 AYS uses "ecstasy" as the primary descriptor, moving "MDMA" to
examples. Comparable across years.

Combined results of On how many occasions have you:

Prescription
drugs

Gambling
Category

Combined results of On how many occasions have you:

used prescription drugs (such as Valium, Xanax,
Ritalin, Adderall, Oxycontin, or sleeping pills)
without a doctor telling you to take them?

used prescription pain relievers (Vicodin, OxyContin, Percocet
or Codeine) without a doctor telling you to take them?

used sedatives (tranquilizers, such as Valium or Xanax,
barbiturates, or sleeping pills) without a doctor
telling you to take them?

used prescription sedatives (tranquilizers, such as Valium
or Xanax, barbiturates, or sleeping pills)?

used stimulants, other than methamphetamines (such
as amphetamines, Ritalin, or Dexedrine) without a
doctor telling you to take them?

used prescription stimulants (such as Ritalin, Adderall, or
Dexedrine) without a doctor telling you to take them?

How often during the past 12 months have you:

In 2006 there was a prescription drugs question with several examples
(some of which overlapped examples from the standalone stimulant
and sedative questions). In 2008/2010, the single prescription drug
question was dropped, and a new question about prescription pain
relievers was added. Rather than discontinuing reporting Prescription
Drugs , the prescription sedative, stimulant and pain reliever questions
were combined to create a single measure.
.

In order to provide the best comparability across years, 2006 data
were similarly recalculated into a composite, adding results from
the standalone stimulant and sedative questions to the dedicated
Prescription Drugs question.

How often have you done the following for
money, possessions, or anything of value:

Sports betting

Bet on team sports?

Bet on sports?

2006 not comparable to later data.

Race betting

Bet money on horse races?

Bet on a horse race or other animal race?

2006 not comparable to later data.

Dice

Bet on dice games such as craps?

Played a dice game?

2006 not comparable to later data.

Games of skill

Bet on games of personal skill such as pool, darts, or
bowling?

Bet on a game of personal skill such as pool or a video game?

Comparable across years.

Protective Scale:
Peer-Individual
Interaction with
Prosocial Peers

52

Think of your four best friends (the friends you feel closest to). In the past year, how many of your best friends have:
(Scale is calculated based on the average response [0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 friends] to the following questions)
...participated in clubs, organizations and activities at school? ...made the commitment to stay drug-free?
...tried to do well in school? ...liked school? ...regularly attended religious services? (not used in 2008/2010)

Regularly attended religious services was removed from the AYS in 2008.
2006 has been recalculated to match 2008/2010 AYS and are now comparable
across all years. Due to this recalculation, current reports may differ slightly
from past reports.

Contacts for Prevention
Regional Prevention Contacts
Apache, Coconino, Mohave, Navajo, and Yavapai
Counties
Rachel Peterson
Northern Arizona Regional Behavioral Health
Authority (NARBHA)
928-226-6394
Cochise, Graham, Greenlee, Gila, La Paz, Pinal,
Yuma and Santa Cruz Counties
Linda Weinberg
Cenpatico Behavioral Health of Arizona
866-495-6738
Maricopa County
Juan Aristizabal
Magellan Health Services of Arizona
602-797-8256
Pima County
Bill Burnett
Community Partnership of Southern Arizona (CPSA)
520-618-8807
Gila River Indian Community
Julie Jimenez
Gila River Regional Behavioral Health Authority
520-562-3321 ext. 7031
Pascua Yaqui Tribe
Ralph Cota
Centered Spirit Program
480-768-2063
Other State and National Contacts:
Arizona Criminal Justice Commission
Michelle Neitch/Phillip Stevenson
602-364-1173/602-364-1157
www.azcjc.gov
Arizona Department of Education
School Safety and Prevention
www.ade.az.gov/sa/health/
Arizona Department of Gaming’s Office of Problem
Gambling
Elise Mikkelsen
602-266-8299 ext. 351
www.problemgambling.az.gov

53

Arizona Department of Health Services
Division of Behavioral Health Services
Lisa Shumaker
602-364-4594
www.azdhs.gov/bhs/index.htm
Center for Violence Prevention and Community
Safety
Charles Katz
602-496-1471
http://cvpcs.asu.edu/
Governor’s Office of Children, Youth, and Families
602-542-4043
www.governor.state.az.us/cyf/index.html
Partnership for a Drug Free America, Arizona
Affiliate
Shelly Mowrey
602-264-5700
www.partnerupaz.org
The Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence
(Blueprints for Violence Prevention)
www.colorado.edu/cspv/blueprints/
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP)
www.prevention.samhsa.gov
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention
Model Programs Guide
www2.dsgonline.com/mpg/
Safe and Drug Free Schools and Communities
U.S. Department of Education
www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/SDFS
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA)
Evidence Based Practices
www.samhsa.gov/ebpwebguide/index.asp
Western Regional Center for the Application of
Prevention Technologies (CAPT)
casat.unr.edu/westcapt.html
Bach Harrison, L.L.C.
R. Steven Harrison, Ph.D.
801-359-2064
www.bach-harrison.com