2009 program review center for violence prevention & community safety “ Toward the goal of social embeddedness, Arizona State University established the Center for Violence Prevention and ” Community Safety in July 2005 to respond to the growing need of Arizona’s communities to improve the public’s safety and well-being. 2009 program review center for violence prevention & community safety College of Public Programs | Arizona State University Phoenix, Arizona A Report Prepared for the Arizona Board of Regents Report layout and design support from ASU College of Public Programs, Marketing Department, Wendy Parker.© 2009 program review center for violence prevention & community safety Contents Background & Objectives 1 Organizational Structure 8 Key Accomplishments & Activities 10 Listing of Proposal Activity & External Funding 25 Future Strategic Plans 29 Financial Summary 35 Contact Information Center/Institution Name Fiscal Years Director Contact Information Address Mail Code Office Location E-mail Phone Fax Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 2005-2009 Charles M. Katz, Ph.D. 500 N. 3rd Street, Suite 200, Phoenix, Arizona, 85004 3120 NIH 1, Room 218 ckatz@asu.edu 602-496-1470 602-496-1494 Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 1 Background & Objectives of the Center Introduction Background in Brief The Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety (CVPCS) was conceived by Vincent Webb, who, in 2004, served as the Research Consultant to the Provost of the Arizona State University West Campus. The Provost requested that Dr. Webb survey and analyze the research capacity of ASU’s West Campus and identify pockets of strength where the campus should invest. As a consequence of the self-study, a proposal was developed to create a multi-disciplinary campus-wide center that focused on violence prevention and community safety; and on July 1, 2005 the CVPCS was officially recognized by Arizona Board of Regents (ABOR). After its establishment, President Michael Crow recognized the CVPCS as a unit for strategic investment, which shortly thereafter resulted in the Watts Family donating $3 million to ASU’s CVPCS. Charles Katz was appointed as the Watts Family Director of the Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety in 2008. In August 2009, the Center was administratively and physically moved to the College of Public Programs on the Downtown Phoenix campus. Mission Toward the goal of social embeddedness, Arizona State University established the Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety in July 2005 to respond to the growing need of Arizona’s communities to improve the public’s safety and well being. The Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety is a research unit within the College of Public Programs at Arizona State University. The Center’s mission is to generate, share, and apply quality research and knowledge to create “best practice” standards. The Center specifically evaluates policies and programs, analyzes and evaluates patterns and causes of violence, develops strategies and programs, develops a clearinghouse of research reports and “best practice” models, educates, trains and provides technical assistance, and facilitates the development of databases. 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 2 Vision The vision of the Center is to engage in use-inspired research that advances the scholarly knowledge and practical application of explanations and solutions to the causes and correlates of crime, to reduce violence, and improve the quality of life for our community. Goal ASU’s Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety seeks to have long-term, reciprocal relationships with local, national, and international organizations for the purpose of increasing community capacity to diagnose and respond to violent crime. It currently measures its success through annual research awards and expenditures. To accomplish the above goal ASU’s Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety seeks to achieve three objectives: 1) development of faculty and students; 2) creation and maintenance of critical infrastructures related to sponsored research; and 3) become increasingly socially embedded in the local, national, and international communities. Objective 1: Development of Faculty and Students A. Development of Existing Faculty. Because some faculty have little experience with grant/contract development and management, we seek to develop existing faculty and encourage them to apply/seek relatively small grants/contracts. Conversations with less experienced faculty lead us to believe that some faculty feel apprehensive about approaching agencies or applying for state or federal funding. One strategy for the development of faculty involvement in sponsored research is pairing less experienced faculty with agencies that are interested in funding research and evaluation projects. Another strategy for the development of faculty involvement in sponsored research is purposefully pairing senior faculty who are experienced with sponsored research with faculty who have minimal experience. We measure our success related to this goal by the number of less experienced faculty who have been funded through Center-related sponsored research. Exhibit 1 contains a list of faculty, their departmental affiliation, and the project’s sponsor who have engaged in funded research with the Center to date. 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention &Affiliation Community Safety Exhibit 1: Faculty with the Center 3 Exhibit 1: Faculty Affiliation with the Center Year Faculty Member Department Affiliation 2008-09 Marie Griffin CCJ Maricopa County 2008-09 Michael D. White CCJ Maricopa County, City of Glendale, AZ 2008 Robert Fornango CCJ Arizona Criminal Justice Commission 2008 Gary Sweeten CCJ Arizona Criminal Justice Commission 2008 Jessica Saunders CCJ Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Cassia Spohn CCJ Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, National Institute of Justice 2007 Cari Autry REC Maricopa County 2007 Ching-Hua Ho REC Maricopa County 2007 Kathleen Andereck REC Maricopa County 2007 Scott Decker CCJ Urban Institute, Maricopa County, Arizona Criminal Justice Commission 2006-08 Nancy Rodriguez CCJ National Institute of Justice, Superior Court of Arizona, Maricopa County, Arizona Criminal Justice Commission 2006 Suzanne Dietrich MAT City of Glendale, AZ Stephen Schnebly CCJ City of Glendale, AZ 2007-09 2005, 07 Sponsor(s) B. Development of Graduate Students. Graduate students play a major role in the current and future success of the Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety. Over the last three decades, the work of criminologists has largely been restricted to the confines of the university campus, and has been characterized by isolation from justice agencies, primarily focused on theory and statistical methods, on how crimes are defined and what happens after crimes are committed. Moreover, their primary audience is other academicians. At the Center we seek to train new scholars to engage in use-inspired research that takes place outside the confines of the university and in collaboration with local, federal, and international agencies. Additionally, we seek to train them to speak to a broader audience, including policymakers, practitioners, academicians, students, and the public, to concentrate their studies toward solutions to violence and associated crime, and to work alongside 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 4 academics and policymakers from multiple disciplines including psychology, geography, medicine, and city planning. We measure our success related to this goal by the number of graduate students funded by the Center, the number of students who conduct their thesis or dissertation under the guidance of a faculty member closely associated with the Center, and the number of reports, articles and other products produced in collaboration with graduate students. To date, the Center has supported and/or directed seven master and five doctoral students over the past five years. Five of the graduate students who have worked for the Center have collaborated with faculty that have lead to master’s theses, and an additional two doctoral students are currently pursuing dissertation topics involving the Center, its affiliated faculty, and research data. With the doctoral program in its second year, we anticipate that the Center will increase its role in the funding and training of doctoral students. “ recovery of indirect dollars received by the Center through a project managed by a faculty member is returned to them C. Exposure of Undergraduate Students to the Research Process. Undergraduate students play a substantial role in the Center being able to meet its objective. Over the past five years, the Center has employed over 70 undergraduate students as part of sponsored projects. For example, these students have interviewed registered sex offenders in their homes, surveyed recently booked arrestees in jails, and worked with police agencies to collect official data. These undergraduate students develop an appreciation of the research process, as well as become familiar with and understand the advantages of public agencies and universities collaborating together. Many of our students go on to work with local criminal justice agencies and collaborate with us on sponsored projects of mutual interest. We measure our success related to this goal by the number of undergraduate students funded by the Center. Objective 2: Creation and Maintenance of Critical Infrastructure Related to Sponsored Research A. Endowment. In December 2006, the Watts Family announced that they would donate $3 million over a four year period to ASU’s Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety. The gift was the largest single private investment in the 23-year history of ASU’s West Campus. The donation was made with the intent of endowing a director of the Center and to invest 2009 Center Program Review through a university expense account that they can use for any ” research-related purpose Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 5 in the Center’s operation. These funds have been used to develop faculty and students, as well as for the creation and maintenance of critical infrastructure related to sponsored research. B. Access to experienced, skilled principal investigators. One of the most important contributions the Center can make is providing access to faculty and staff who specialize in issues of interest to key stakeholders. As a means of incentivizing faculty to work with sponsors, we have established two programs that reward faculty who have been successful. The first is that any recovery of indirect dollars received by the Center through a project managed by a faculty member is returned to them through a university expense account that they can use for any research-related purpose. The second incentive program is that faculty who manage their projects through the Center are provided with critical infrastructures purposefully designed to streamline university administrative processes. C. Skilled, full time staff. Over the last several years, the Center has been focused on developing or acquiring staff that possess the required skills needed to apply for and win large sponsored projects. This includes a Business Operations Manager who can create complex budgets and forecast expenses, an Administrative Assistant who can rapidly process expenses related to travel and pay, a Project Operations Manager who can manage personnel, data collection, and navigate faculty through administrative hurdles, and a Geographic Information Systems analyst that provides capacity to spatially display research findings. D. Equipment. One of the major impediments to successfully acquiring large scale sponsored projects is the lack of fairly sophisticated software and equipment that allow an investigator to compete with large research organizations. Over the last five years, the Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety has invested in the development of critical infrastructures required to manage large sponsored projects including, but not limited to, computers, statistical software packages, and project planning and tracking programs. However, the most significant investment in infrastructure was made in July 2008 with the purchase of a cutting-edge Scantron Design Expert© software and hardware package. This software and hardware substantially increased the capacity of the Center to engage in rapid, high-quality data entry. Specifically, the Scantron Design Expert© software provides the Center with the capacity to design customized scan-able forms us- 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 6 ing the latest Optical Mark Reading (OMR) technology. The design software includes advanced tools that allow for plain-paper form printing, graphic and image import/export, individual form bar-coding, and incorporated Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for open-ended response categories. The software allows researchers significant latitude in customizing a scan-able instrument while still providing a 99.9% read accuracy. The Center also has additional support software that manages the hardware scanner, the processing and scanning of completed forms, and the export of electronic data files directly into various text file formats, MS Excel©, or SPSS©. The hardware is a closely linked hardware device that will read instruments completed not just with pencil, but with virtually any color pen or marker. The scanner is capable of processing 2,200 sheets per hour and can scan both sides of a form simultaneously – no flipping the sheets over and feeding through again – and will sort successfully scanned forms separate from those with errors or requiring editing, without needing to pause the scanning of the entire batch. Collectively, the scanning system is organized into the Center’s Survey Information Management Services (SIMS) Unit. E. Ready, collaborative relationships with local, national, and international organizations. Interviews with faculty suggested that many did not seek sponsored research because they were unknowledgeable about how to approach an agency to discuss a potential project. As a consequence, the CVPCS has invested a substantial amount of time and energy toward developing strong and stable relationships with criminal justice agencies in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Center personnel pride themselves on the fact that faculty associated with the Center are often the first to be called on for assistance in criminal justice related research matters and are often asked to serve as consultants in hiring decisions, advisers in the allocation of resources, and to perform evaluations of projects and programs of importance. The Center is often asked to play a significant role as “inside advisor” on projects and research endeavors that entail significant risk for the agency. This is most clearly illustrated by the Center’s relationship with the Maricopa County Manager’s Office, which has provided over $1 million in funding to the Center for analytic support in its strategic crime control efforts. 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 7 Objective 3. Social Embeddedness within Local, National, and International Communities As mentioned above, ASU’s Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety focuses its efforts on having long-term, reciprocal relationships with local, national, and international organizations for the purpose of increasing community capacity to diagnose and respond to violent crime. At the Center, when we discuss social embeddedness, we emphasize that both the Center and its partners should be mutually supportive to the benefit of the community. We attempt to realize this goal through the actions of community capacity building, use inspired research, and convenings. While we discuss these major accomplishments in more detail in the section below, Exhibit 2 provides an illustration of our three programmatic themes. Center for Violence Prevention & Communtiy Safety Programmatic Themes Exhibit 2: Programmatic Themes Chart Sex offender Clustering in PHX AARIN Gangs in Trinidad Immigration Symposium Use-Inspired Research Convenings Series on innovations in policing Recidivism among gang & drug offenders AARIN symposium Social Embeddedness PHX Ceasefire PPD off duty employment project Community Capacity Building Glendale smart policing Committees Community Crime Analysis Center Trinidad Violence Prevention Academy Organization of American States gang project Weed & Seed 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 8 Organizational Structure and Staffing The Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety is housed in the College of Public Programs (CoPP). The Watts Family Director reports to the Dean of the College and sits on the Dean’s Executive Council. Since the Center’s inception in 2005, it has grown from supporting one full-time staff, to its current full- and part-time staff of nearly two dozen employees, as well as a doctoral level graduate research assistant and two undergraduate students (See Exhibit 3 and Appendix A). “ since the Center’s inception in 2005, it has grown from supporting one Charles M. Katz serves as the Watt’s Family Director of the Center and also holds an academic appointment as an Associate Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice. The Center’s Associate Director, Michael D. White, also holds an academic appointment as an Associate Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Together, the Director and the Associate Director oversee all Center activities. While Dr. Katz serves as the administrative lead, Drs. Katz and White are both responsible for identifying, securing, and managing external grants for the Center. Previously, the Center was housed in the College of Human Services (CHS) and maintained offices at ASU at the West campus. The reorganization of several colleges and schools within ASU included the disestablishment of CHS. It was at this time that the Center was administratively moved into CoPP, and in August 2009 physically relocated its offices to ASU at the Downtown Phoenix campus. The Center shares a suite on the second floor of the Nursing and Healthcare Innovation (NHI-1) building with the Center for Applied Behavioral Health Policy (CABHP), another center in the College of Public Programs. In addition to full-time staff offices, the Center has a dedicated office with five workstations for graduate assistants and students working with the Center on any of its funded projects. Also located in the Center’s offices is a dedicated secure data storage room, which has particular physical and electronic safeguards for storing sensitive data; and an office dedicated to the Center’s Survey Information Management Services (SIMS) Unit. The Program Operations Manager (POM) of the Center is principally responsible for the day-to-day operation of the Center. In this capacity, the POM supervises Center personnel, coordinates with the Center’s Business Operations Manager (BOM) on relevant human relations and financial management issues, secures new grants and contracts, and generally manages the operations and programmatic activities of Center projects. 2009 Center Program Review full-time staff, to its current full- and part-time staff of nearly two dozen employees, as well as a doctoral level graduate research assistant and ” two undergraduate students Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 9 Other Center staff includes the AARIN Project Manager, a full-time grant funded position that manages the AARIN project staff and data collection efforts. The Center also currently supports a full-time Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analyst, an Administrative Assistant, a part-time Research Analyst, two undergraduate students, one doctoral Graduate Research Assistant, and a public health consultant who is assisting the Center in its efforts to secure funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Center shares the Business Operations Manager with CABHP. Other Center staff includes 20 part-time employees who work as interviewers on the AARIN Project. Typically, about two-thirds of our interviewers are current undergraduate students at ASU, with the other third typically composed of recent ASU graduates and current and former Criminology and Criminal Justice graduate students. Exhibit 3: Organizational Chart Arizona State University Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety Debra Friedman Dean College of Public Programs Charles Katz Watts Family Director ASU Faculty Outside Consultants Michael White Assoc Director Andrew Fox Mathew Larsen Jana Benson Center GRAs Casey Klaus Research Specialist TBD Research Technician Data Center TBD PT/Temp Data center workers Jody Arganbright Business Operations Manager David Choate Programs Operation Manager Shirin Marvastian GIS Research Specialist Lidia Nuño Research Technician OAS TBD PT/Temp Workers TBD PT Temp Survey workers 2009 Center Program Review Irene Maldonado Administrative Assistant TBD Student Workers College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 10 In addition to the Center’s regular personnel, nearly a dozen ASU faculty have been affiliated with the Center’s activities through one or more projects, from a wide variety of units including the Schools of Social Work and Community Resources and Development in the College of Public Programs, the Division of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, the School of Social and Family Dynamics, and the School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering. The Center has also partnered with faculty from other institutions, including American University, Bowling Green University, George Mason University, Sam Houston State University, the University of Arizona, the University of Cincinnati, and the University of the West Indies – Mona. Key Accomplishments and Activities Over the last five years, the Center has been highly involved in diverse activities. The diversity and frequency of activities is demonstrated in part by our academic and community involvement. The Center has been awarded 27 grants and contracts, and faculty associated with the Center have published 14 peer-reviewed articles, 2 books (and 2 edition revisions), 2 book chapters, 19 presentations, 18 invited presentations, 30 reports, and 5 master’s theses. The grants and contracts awarded to the Center are typically use-inspired collaborations with local, state, federal and international agencies and organizations. The programmatic activities routinely involve primary data collection, technical advice and analyses, and program identification and evaluation. As part of its contribution to ASU’s mission of social embeddedness, the Center collaborates with government agencies at the local, state, national, and international level, non-government organizations (NGOs), community partners, and other universities and researchers. These efforts are demonstrated through the Center’s involvement with policy advisory committees, the hosting of symposia and speaker series, conducting trainings and providing pro bono technical support, and leveraging significant resources in partnership with grassroots community crime prevention efforts. 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 11 “ ” nearly a dozen Below we provide examples of our key accomplishments and activities within three domains: use inspired research, community capacity building, and convenings. We also detail academic and policy papers that have been produced or presented by the Center over the past five years. ASU faculty have been affiliated with the Center’s activities through one or more Use-Inspired Research In September 2009, the Center received $105,970 as part of a $1.17 million award granted to Chicanos Por La Causa, Inc. from the Bureau of Justice Assistance (#2009-SCB9-0051) to replicate an evidenced-based gun violence reduction strategy over the next two years. The Center will serve as the evaluator and provide technical assistance to the program staff and police working on the project. It is modeled after the Chicago CeaseFire program, which has a central goal of reducing gun-related shootings and killings. projects, from a variety of units The Center, in cooperation with the Phoenix Police Department, designed and conducted an analysis of the criminogenic effects and policy implication of residential clustering of registered sex offenders. The study was funded in part by the City of Phoenix, and was conducted at the request of the Phoenix City Council. Over the last five years, the Center has engaged in a collaborative partnership with George Mason University, Harvard University, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Sam Houston State University, and Penn State University aimed at reducing violent crime in Trinidad and Tobago, particularly homicides and assaults with firearms. The project is based on two primary strategies: using information and analysis to craft targeted interventions designed to reduce violence; and adopting collaborative approaches involving police, other government agencies, private, nonprofit, and faith-based organizations, and communities. The Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety’s role in the project is focused on developing data-driven strategies to reduce gang homicides in Trinidad and Tobago. The Center is also focused on reducing robberies in Port of Spain, Trinidad, and crimes against tourists in Tobago. Funding for the project was provided by the Ministry of National Security in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago through George Mason University. 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 12 Going beyond a doorstep defense of U.S. security requires developing strategic responses to serious threats at some distance from U.S. borders. One such threat is that of third-country nationals who use Mexican territory as a gateway to enter the United States, often legally, to engage in criminal activity or to commit political violence. This project extends existing studies of transnational criminal gangs in Central America to anticipate methods and approaches that could be used by third-country nationals to commit politically-motivated violence in the United States. The two primary objectives of this study include: 1) further understanding the organizational structure and sophistication of transnational criminal gangs and their capacity to facilitate mobility and migration through Mexico into the United States; and 2) further understanding the dynamic social networks of transnational criminal gangs and their capacity to facilitate mobility and migration through Mexico into the United States. Accordingly, this project will provide policymakers a description of the migration and mobility patterns of transnational gangs between the U.S. and Central America through Mexican territory and a framework for understanding the mobility patterns of third country nationals and how such persons, using methods similar to those of transnational gangs, enter the United States. Community Capacity Building Responding to a call to examine violence and violence prevention strategies in the Maryvale neighborhood of Phoenix, Arizona, the Center examined historical contexts of the community, past and current trends in crime, community resources, challenges, and promising community-based initiatives. The results of this examination were published as the Making Strides in Maryvale report. Made possible by the generosity and vision of Mike and Cindy Watts, Making Strides in Maryvale was more than a mere report, it served as a starting point for philanthropists and community activists to discuss ways of making meaningful changes in the Maryvale community. The Arizona Arrestee Reporting Information Network (AARIN) Project is one of the Center’s foundational projects. AARIN began data collection in January 2007 and continues to be sponsored by the Maricopa County (Arizona) Board of Supervisor’s and County Manager’s Office. AARIN conducts interviews with recently arrested adults and juveniles in five booking facilities located throughout the county. Participants are asked a series of questions about their recent and past drug use, experiences with victimization, gang affiliation, firearm possession, immigration status, mental illness, and a host of demographic characteristics. In an effort to be responsive and flexible to dynamic concerns, AARIN also deploys addenda which focus detailed questions including, but not limited to: co-occurring disorders, drug market purchase and manufacturing, methamphetamine, veterans and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI), and criminal involvement (known and unknown to police). 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 13 The Community Crime Analysis Center (CCAC) was a cooperative project between the Center and the Maricopa County Manager’s Office. The CCAC was to serve as an analytical resource to support regional strategic crime control by promoting a system wide approach to justice issues, facilitating the exchange of data among local, county and state governments, and encouraging the use of empirical data to inform criminal justice policy and practice. Unfortunately due to county budget constraints, funding for the CCAC was lost before the project could come to full fruition. In August 2009, the Center, in partnership with the Glendale Police Department, received a two-year grant from the Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice, to implement a “Smart Policing Initiative.” The initiative centers on the implementation of the core principles of problem-oriented policing in targeted areas of Glendale, Arizona. The Center has a history of close working relationships with numerous criminal justice agencies. One example of this relationship is the Phoenix Police Department Off-Duty Employment Study the Center conducted as a pro bono service project in 2008. The commander from the Professional Standards Division of PPD approached the Center about assisting with an objective analysis of the department’s policies governing off-duty employment for sworn officers. The Center presented the findings of the study at the 2009 International Law Enforcement Auditors Association’s annual conference. In March 2006, the Maricopa County Juvenile Probation Department contracted with the Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety to conduct a comprehensive review of detention length of stay. The project was designed to assist the Maricopa County Juvenile Probation Department in identifying the relationship between reasons for detention (e.g., juvenile referrals, court holds, and warrants) and detention length of stay. This project is part of Maricopa County’s larger efforts aimed at finding detention alternatives for juveniles in the juvenile justice system. The West Valley Information Sharing Enterprise (WISE) is a group of 10 west valley law enforcement agencies within Maricopa County, Arizona, that is attempting to build an infrastructure for sharing information and data. These agencies share a common vision for increased efficiencies and performance through the sharing of accurate and reliable information. The Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety at Arizona State 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 14 University was contracted to conduct a needs assessment for implementing WISE. Our work with WISE fostered dialogue toward the creation of a strategic plan for building the required infrastructure for information sharing. The Center has been the site evaluator for four Weed and Seed Communities, has provided technical assistance to two others, and has led trainings for new and potential sites for the United States Attorney’s Office related to evaluation and sustainability planning for Weed and Seed sites. The Weed and Seed strategy is the flagship program of the Community Capacity Development Office of the Office of Justice Programs in the United States Department of Justice. It is an innovative, community-based strategy aimed at reducing crime, improving the quality of life, and developing community cohesion and revitalization in some of the most disadvantaged and violent neighborhoods in the country. Over the last five years, the Center has provided significant analytical and technical support to the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission. Projects have included examining recidivism among Arizona’s prison population, diagnosing the scope and nature of the state’s homicide problem, and providing technical support for the improvement of state criminal history records through analysis, as well as providing analysis for Project Safe Neighborhoods. The Violence Prevention Academy trains administrators, teachers, and school-based police officers in Trinidad and Tobago to develop comprehensive, integrated and evidencebased violence prevention plans tailored to the specific needs of participating schools. Using a combination of face-to-face and online learning, the training program enhances the skills of “school violence prevention specialists” and the capacity of the schools where they work to implement and sustain successful violence prevention programs. The Academy is designed to serve the needs of the working professional. Over the last three years the Center has provided technical support to the Organization of American States. Specifically, OAS has requested that the Center provide services to seven small nation states in the Caribbean to assist them with diagnosing their nation’s gang problems, and work with them to diagnose their capacity to respond to gangs. A pilot test of the program has been conducted in Antigua, and a kick-off presentation was recently provided by the Center to the OAS national security committee in St. Kitts in June 2009 to announce the establishment of the program. 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 15 Convenings In 2007, the Center hosted a Symposium on Illegal Immigration, Crime, and Public Policy. The goal of the one-day symposium was to present cutting edge practices and research pertaining to immigration, crime, and related public policy. In order to achieve this goal, 18 speakers from across the country shared their knowledge and expertise. The symposium consisted of five panel sessions plus one keynote speaker. Sessions focused on human trafficking, police response to illegal immigration, geographic patterns of illegal crossing, and special issues related to prosecution, defense, and victimization. In 2007, the center hosted a three-part lecture series on Innovations in Policing. The chief of police and up to two executives from their local and state law enforcement agencies were invited to attend. The purpose of the series was to promote thought and discussion on matters related to police organizational change and management. Nationally recognized academics from across the country spoke on issues related to performance measurement and organizational change in policing, environmental change and environmental sensors in police agencies, and building confidence in the police: the perspectives of hispanics, blacks, and whites. In early summer 2009, the Center hosted its inaugural AARIN symposium in which Center staff presented findings on a range of topics to invited guests from a host of city, county and state agencies. Center faculty also presented AARIN findings at the 2009 Arizona Public Defender Association conference and the 4th Annual Arizona Substance Abuse Conference (hosted by the Arizona Governor’s Office). 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 16 Awards, Academic and Policy Papers, and Presentations Awards “ ” recipient of the Recipient of the 2008 Outstanding Book Award for Policing Gangs in America, Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. Recipient of the Woodside Community Embeddedness Award, 2006. Arizona State University. 2008 Outstanding Book Award for Policing Gangs in America, Academy Books of Criminal Justice Walker, Samuel and Charles M. Katz (Forthcoming). The Police in America: An Introduction (7th Edition). McGraw-Hill: Boston. Walker, Samuel and Charles M. Katz. (2008). The Police in America: An Introduction (6th Edition). McGraw-Hill: Boston. Walker, Samuel and Charles M. Katz. (2005). The Police in America: An Introduction (5th Edition). McGraw-Hill: Boston. Katz, Charles M. and Vincent J. Webb (2006). Policing Gangs in America. Cambridge University Press: New York. Reviewed by C. Ronald Huff in Contemporary Sociology, 36 (1) 69-70 (2007). Peer Reviewed Articles Armstrong, Todd, Charles M. Katz, and Vincent J. Webb (In press). “Understanding the impact of sex offender registration: An examination of changes in offense type and the predictors of recidivism among registered sex offenders.” Justice Research & Policy. Armstrong, Todd and Charles M. Katz (In press). “Further evidence on the discriminate validity of perceptual incivilities measures.” Justice Quarterly. Griffin, Marie L. and Nancy Rodriguez (In press). “The gendered nature of drug acquisitions: An examination of personal networks within marijuana and crack drug markets.” Crime and Delinquency. 2009 Center Program Review Sciences Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 17 Katz, Charles M. and Stephen Schnebly (In press). “Neighborhood variation in gang member concentrations.” Crime & Delinquency. Rice, Stephen and Michael D. White (Eds.) (In press). Race, ethnicity and policing: New and essential readings. New York: New York University Press (NYU). Pyrooz, David C., Andrew M. Fox, and Scott H. Decker (In press). Racial and ethnic heterogeneity, economic disadvantage, and gangs: A macro-level study of gang membership in urban America. Justice Quarterly. Kane, Robert J. and Michael D. White (In press). “Bad cops: A study of career-ending misconduct among New York City police officers.” Criminology and Public Policy. White, Michael D. and David Klinger (In press). “Contagious fire?” An empirical assessment of the “problem” of multi-shooter/multi-shot deadly force incidents in police work. Crime and Delinquency. Pre-published in OnlineFirst June 24, 2008 as DOI:10.1177/0011128708319581 White, Michael D. and Justin Ready (In press). “Examining fatal and nonfatal incidents involving the TASER: Identifying predictors of suspect death reported in the media.” Criminology and Public Policy. Decker, Scott H., Charles M. Katz, and Vincent J. Webb (2008). “Understanding the black box of gang organization: Implications for violence, drug sales, and violent victimization. Crime & Delinquency 54 (1): 153-172. Johnson, D., W.R. King, C.M. Katz, A.M. Fox, and N. Goulette (2008). “Youth perceptions of the police in Trinidad and Tobago. Caribbean Journal of Criminology and Public Safety 13 (1&2): 217-253. White, Michael D. (2007). Current issues and controversies in policing. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Webb, Vincent, Charles M. Katz, and Scott Decker (2006). “Assessing the validity of self-reports by gang members: Results from the Arrestee Drug-Abuse Monitoring program.” Crime & Delinquency 52 (2): 232-252. 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 18 Katz, Charles M., Vincent J. Webb, and Scott H. Decker (2005). “Using the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program to further understand the relationship between drug use and gang membership. Justice Quarterly, 22 (1): 58-88. Rodriguez, Nancy, Charles M. Katz, Vincent J. Webb, and David Schaefer (2005). “Examining the impact of individual, community, and market factors on methamphetamine use: A tale of two cities. Journal of Drug Issues 35 (4): 665-694. Book Chapters Katz, Charles M. and Vincent J. Webb (2010). “Organizational and strategic considerations in the police response to gangs.” In Critical Issues in Policing (6th ed.) edited by Roger G. Dunham and Geoffrey P. Alpert. Waveland Press: Prospect Heights. Pp. 245-261. Webb, Vincent J. and Charles M. Katz (2006). “A Study of police gang units in six cities.” In The Modern Gang Reader (3rd ed.), edited by Arlen Egley, Cheryl Maxson, Jody Miller, and Malcolm Klein. Roxbury Publishing: Los Angeles. Pp. 349-360. Reports Choate, David E. (2009). Comparing South Mountain Neighborhood Arrestees among AARIN Respondents. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Choate, David E., Michael Shafer, and Charles M. Katz (2009). Co-Occurring Mental Health and Substance Abuse Disorders among Recently Booked Juvenile Detainees. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Griffin, Marie L. (2009). AARIN Juvenile 2008 Annual Report. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Griffin, Marie L. (2009). Drug Markets and Drug Acquisition among Maricopa County Arrestees. Phoenix: Arizona State University. White, Michael D. (2009). AARIN Adult 2008 Annual Report. Phoenix: Arizona State University. White, Michael D. (2009). AARIN Adult Methamphetamine Report. Phoenix: Arizona State University. 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 19 White, Michael D. and David E. Choate (2009). Military Veterans in the Maricopa County Arrestee Population: Prevalence, Problems and Implications. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Choate, David E. (2008) An Evaluation of the Canyon Corridor Weed and Seed Coalition. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Fornango, Robert and Charles M. Katz (2008). Homicide in Arizona: 2004. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Choate, David E., Michael Shafer, and Charles M. Katz (2008). Co-Occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders Among Recently Booked Arrestees. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Katz, Charles M. (2008). The Connection between Illegal Immigrants & Crime. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Katz, Charles M. (2008). The Scope and Nature of the Gang Problem in Antigua & Barbuda. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Katz, Charles M. and Andrew Fox (2008). Trinidad and Tobago Youth Survey. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Rodriguez, Nancy (2008). AARIN Juvenile 2007 Annual Report. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Rodriguez, Nancy (2008). AARIN Adult 2007 Annual Report. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Rodriguez, Nancy (2008). Methamphetamine Use Among Recently Booked Arrestees and Detainees in Maricopa County. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Rodriguez, Nancy, and David E. Choate (2007). Evaluation of Project BRAVE. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Schnebly, Stephen M., and David E. Choate (2007). An Evaluation of the Orchard Glen Weed and Seed Site in Glendale, Arizona. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Wiletsky, Lynn, David E. Choate, and Charles M. Katz (2007). Making Strides in Maryvale. Phoenix: Arizona State University. 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 20 Choate, David E., Charles M. Katz, and Stephen M. Schnebly (2006). An Evaluation of the Kino Weed and Seed Coalition. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Katz, Charles M., Vincent Webb, Todd Armstrong, and Constance Kostelac (2006). Where Do We Go From Here: A Report on Sex Offenders and Sex Offender Housing in Phoenix, Arizona. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Dietrich, Suzanne W. (2006). Data Sharing Technology Feasibility: West-Valley Information Sharing Enterprise Assessment. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Katz, Charles M., Steve Ballance, and David E. Choate (2006). Needs Assessment on Information Sharing Among West Valley Police Agencies. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Schnebly, Stephen, Steve Ballance, and Charles M. Katz (2006). Data Sharing between the Police and the Public: Citizens’ Needs for Information on Neighborhood Crime, Terrorism, and Public Emergency Planning and Response. Phoenix: Arizona State University Uchida, Craig, Shellie Solomon, Charles M. Katz, and Cynthia Pappas (2006). SchoolBased Partnerships: A Problem-Solving Strategy. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Katz, Charles M. and Edward Maguire (2006). Reducing Gang Homicides in the Besson Street Station District. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Katz, Charles M., and David E. Choate (2005). Evaluation of the Arizona Department of Education Sponsored School Resource Officer Program. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Katz, Charles M. and Edward Maguire (2005). Improving Homicide Detection Rates in Trinidad and Tobago. Phoenix: Arizona State University. Maguire, Edward and Charles M. Katz (2005). Improving the Capacity of the IATF to Reduce Violent Crime. Manassas, Virginia: George Mason University. Edward Maguire and Charles M. Katz (2005). Strategic Crime Control Education in the Trinidad and Tobago Police Services. Manassas, Virginia: George Mason University. 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 21 “ With the Center’s help, policymakers, practitioners, and community leaders are more aware of effective strategies for Invited Presentations Choate, David E. (2009). The AARIN Program as a Research Platform and Policy Guide: History and Recent Findings from the Methamphetamine Addendum. Presented to the Arizona Meth Task Force, Arizona Governor’s Office for Children Youth and Family, Division for Substance Abuse Policy. Phoenix, Arizona. Choate, David E. (2009). Evaluation of Phoenix Police Department Off-Duty Employment Policies and Practices. April, 2009 International Law Enforcement Auditors Association. Phoenix, Arizona. Choate, David E. (2009). Evaluation and Sustainability Planning for a Local Weed & Seed Community. Presented at the United States Attorney’s Office Weed and Seed Site Training, Phoenix, Arizona. Katz. Charles M. (2009). Diagnosing gangs and gang crime in the Caribbean. Presented at the conference on youth crime and violence, St. Kitts. preventing violence ” and improving community safety Katz, Charles M. (2009). The Scope and Nature of the Criminal Alien Problem. Presented to the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Staff. Tempe, Arizona. White, Michael D. and David E. Choate (2009). The AARIN Program: A perspective from inside the jail. Seventh Annual Arizona Public Defender Association State Conference, 2009. Tempe, Arizona. White, Michael D., David E. Choate, and Charles Katz (2009). Military Veterans in the Maricopa County Arrestee Population: Prevalence, Problems and Implications. Fourth Annual Arizona Governor’s Substance Abuse Conference, 2009. Phoenix, Arizona. Katz, Charles M. (2008). The Police Response to Gangs in America. Presented to the executive staff at Zhejiang Police College. Hangzhou City, China. Katz, Charles M. (2008). Gangs, Drugs, and Delinquency among Youth: Findings from the Trinidad and Tobago Youth Survey. Presented to the Minister of National Security, Minister of Education, Minister of Social Development, Minister of Community Development, Cultural and Gender Affairs, and related executive staff. Port of Spain, Trinidad. Choate, David E., Charles M. Katz, and Nancy Rodriguez (2007). ADAM to AARIN Arizona Evaluation Network Conference. Chandler, Arizona. 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 22 Katz, Charles M. and Edward R. Maguire (2007). Institutional Capacity, Informal Social Control, and their Influence on Illicit Opportunities in the Caribbean. Presented at the Global Future Forum Sponsored by the Central Intelligence Agency and Privy Council, Ottawa, Canada. Katz, Charles M. and Edward R. Maguire (2007). Diagnosing Gangs and Gang Problems in the Caribbean. Presented at the Organized Crime: A Threat to the Caribbean Meeting Sponsored by the Organization of American States. Montego Bay, Jamaica. Katz, Charles M. (2007). Gangs and Gang Control in Arizona. Presented to the Migs Woodside Foundation. Cave Creek, Arizona. Katz, Charles M. and Edward Maguire (2006). Reducing Gang Homicides in the Besson Street Station District. Presented to the Minister of National Security, Trinidad and Tobago Police Services Executive Staff. Port of Spain, Trinidad. Katz, Charles M., Steve Ballance, and David E. Choate (2006). Responding to Gangs in Cochise County, Arizona. Annual Juvenile Concerns Conference, What Works. Sierra Vista, Arizona. Katz, Charles M. (2006). A Critical Response to Improving Public Safety and WellBeing in Our Communities. President’s Community Enrichment Programs at Arizona State University. Glendale, Arizona. Katz, Charles M. and Edward R. Maguire (2005). Improving Homicide Detection Rates in Trinidad and Tobago. Presented to the Minister of National Security, Trinidad and Tobago Police Services Executive Staff. Port of Spain, Trinidad. Katz, Charles M. (2005). Understanding the Native American Gang Problem in Arizona. Presented at the Arizona Indian Country Gangs Summit. Laughlin, Nevada. 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 23 Conference Papers and Presentations Fox, Andrew M., David C. Pyrooz and Charles M. Katz (2010). Unpacking the relationship between ethnicity, organization, delinquency, and gangs: A study on the ethnic homogeneity of gangs. To be presented at the 2010 Annual Meeting of the Western Society of Criminology, Honolulu, Hawaii. Choate, David E. (2009). Applicability of the Social Development Model to Hispanic/ Latino youth: A test of risk and protective factor predictors across ethnic groups. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Fox, Andrew M., Jonathan A. Cooper and Nancy Rodriguez (2009). Meth is Different: Community and Individual Predictors of Drug Use Among Arrestees. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts. Fox, Andrew M., David E. Choate and Charles M. Katz (2009). Patterns of victimization, drug use, and mental health problems among recently booked homeless arrestees. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western Society of Criminology, San Diego, California. Choate, David E., Michael Shafer, and Charles M. Katz (2008). Co-occurring Disorders among Arrestees: Data from the AARIN Project in Maricopa County, Arizona. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, St. Louis, Missouri. Schnebly, Stephen, Todd Armstrong, Charles M. Katz (2008). Individual and Community Influences on Citizens’ Fear of Gangs. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, St. Louis, Missouri. Johnson, D., W.R. King, C.M. Katz, A.M. Fox, and N. Goulette (2008). Attitudes of Youth about the Police: A Report from the Caribbean Nation. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, St. Louis, Missouri. Katz, Charles M., and Andrew Fox (2008). Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Gang Joining in the Caribbean. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, St. Louis, Missouri. Wells, William and Charles M. Katz (2008). Illegal Gun Carrying and the Demand for Guns in Trinidad and Tobago: Evidence from a Survey of Youths in At-Risk Schools. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, St. Louis, Missouri. 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 24 Fox, Andrew and Charles M. Katz (2008). Toward an Understanding of Substance use among Youth in Trinidad and Tobago. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, St. Louis, Missouri. Fox, Andrew M., Kristine Denholm, Danielle L. Evans and Nancy Rodriguez (2007). The contribution of community level dynamics on methamphetamine use across the nation. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Atlanta, Georgia. Katz, Charles M., Stephen M. Schnebly and Phillip Stevenson (2007). Gang Involvement and Delinquency among Native American Youth. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Atlanta Georgia. Katz, Charles M. and Stephen M. Schnebly (2007). Neighborhoods, Gangs, and Violent Crime. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western Society of Criminology, Scottsdale, Arizona. Choate, David E., Charles M. Katz and Stephen M. Schnebly (2007). An Evaluation of the Kino Weed and Seed Coalition. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western Society of Criminology, Scottsdale, Arizona. Katz, Charles M. and David E. Choate (2006). Diagnosing Trinidad & Tobago’s Gang Problem. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Los Angeles, California. Katz, Charles M. and David E. Choate (2006). The Phoenix Sex Offender Clustering Study. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Los Angeles, California. Katz, Charles M., Jennifer Shaffer, and Vincent J. Webb (2005). Understanding the relationship between violent victimization and gang membership. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Toronto, Canada. Katz, Charles M. and Samuel Walker (2005). An Evaluation of Phoenix Police Department’s Personnel Assessment System Training Program. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Toronto, Canada. Katz, Charles M., Steve Ballance, and Chet Britt (2005). Examining the Reliability of the National Youth Gang Survey. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western Society of Criminology, Honolulu, Hawaii. 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 25 Listing of All Proposal Activity and External Funding Exhibit 4 provides a summary of the proposal and award activity of the Center over the past five years. In 2005, 6 proposals were submitted and 5 were funded in the amount of approximately $600,000. In 2009, 13 proposals were submitted and 4 were funded in the amount of about $750,000. For details on proposals and awards by year see Exhibits 5 and 6, respectively. Exhibit 4: Summary of Proposal and Award History: 2005 - 2009 Exhibit 4: Summary of Proposal and Award History: 2005 - 2009 Number of Awards Funded Total Amount Funded Number of Proposals Submitted Total Amount Proposed 2005 6 $537,117 5 $598,118 83% 112% 2006 11 $2,025,530 7 $1,053,547 64% 52% 2007 7 $2,438,161 3 $385,952 43% 16% 2008 12 $9,892,731 6 $802,893 50% 8% 2009 13 $9,001,029 4 $747,867 33% 8% Fiscal Year 2009 Center Program Review % Count Funded %$ Funded College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 26 Exhibit 5: Grants and Contracts Proposals by Arizona State University’s Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety - Calendar Years 2005-2009 Project Sponsoring Agency Amount Antigua Gang Assessment Organization of American States $179,459 Youth and Legitimacy of Police NSF - Directorate for Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences $338,927 University of Michigan $290,609 Glendale Police Department $161,877 Chicanos por la Causa, Inc. $105,970 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission $221,174 2010 Human Trafficking and Smuggling 2009 BJA Smart Policing - Glandale PD Phoenix Ceasefire Children of Incarcerated Parents Implementing Strategic Crime Control Strategies in Trinidad and Tobago Crime and Justice Analysts, Inc. $361,214 Maricopa County $280,873 Collaborative Research: Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Sex Offender Movements and Neighborhood Measuring the Scope of the Problem NSF - Directorate for Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences $221,174 Police Decision Making in Sexual Assault Cases: An Analysis of Crime Reported to the Los Angeles Police Dept DOJ- National Institute of Justice $199,153 HHS-Centers for Disease Control & Prevention $5,454,818 DOJ- National Institute of Justice $ 599,164 Arizona Arrestee Reporting Information Network (AARIN) Informatics Approaches: Mental Illness & Substance Use as Threats To Urban Health NIJ-Wrongful Convictions: A Comprehensive Analysis of DNA And Non-DNA Exonerations for the Years 1989- 2009 The Impact of Probation Incentives On the Reduction of Correctional Populations: An Evaluation of Arizona’s Experience Violence Prevention Academy Financial Exploitation of the Elderly in a Consumer Context DOJ- National Institute of Justice $329,760 Ministry of National Security of Trinidad & Tobago $361,206 DOJ- National Institute of Justice $399,426 Deportation Processes University of Michigan $265,490 Local Law Enforcement Collaboration on Immigration Enforcement University of Michigan $308,577 Arizona Office of the Governor $1,838,603 University of New Mexico $796,436 Maricopa County $387,200 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission $41,000 2008 Arizona Arrestee Reporting Information Network (AARIN) Statewide Plan CeNAIS Providing Infrastructure and Analytical Support for the Maricopa County Crime Analysis Center PSN, Homicide and Recidivism Prosecuting Sexual Assault: An Evaluation of San Diego District Attorneys Sex Crimes and Stalking Division DOJ-National Institute of Justice $294,198 Maricopa County $263,563 Ministry of National Security of Trinidad & Tobago $997,778 DOJ-National Institute of Justice $152,160 DOJ-Office of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention $200,000 Arizona Arrestee Reporting Information Network (AARIN) Implementing Strategic Crime Control Strategies in Trinidad and Tobago Sex Crimes Local Police and Immigration Status: A Case Study In Phoenix Coordinating Gang Responses in Maryvale: Strategic Partnerships and Problem Solving 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 27 Exhibit 5: Continued Project Sponsoring Agency Amount Local Policing in the Context of Immigration DOJ-National Institute of Justice $179,591 Federal Immigration Offenses over Time: The causes and correlates of the changing nature of case Identification and Disposition American Statistical Association $38,451 University of Michigan $1,416,951 City of Phoenix $10,000 University of Cincinnati $74,999 Borderland Intelligence Pilot Project 2007 Canyon Corridor Weed and Seed Study Arizona Department of Public Safety Traffic Stop Study Evaluation of the Orchard Glen Weed and Seed Community Glendale Police Department $8,000 Maricopa County $276,000 Arizona Arrestee Reporting Information Network (AARIN) An Evaluation of the Maricopa County Crime Prevention Program Maricopa County $131,912 University of Arizona $1,787,250 Urban Institute $150,000 Drug Treatment and Education Fund Program Evaluation Superior Court of Arizona $129,805 Research & Planning Project to Identify & Examine Factors Associated with Length of Stay Superior Court of Arizona $11,351 DHS COE in Border Security and Immigration Latino youth at Risk of Joining Gangs 2006 Mandatory Drug Treatment in Arizona: Assessing Racial & Ethnic Disparities in Substance Abuse Treatment of Drug Offenders Robert Wood Johnson Foundation $132,750 Improving State Criminal History Records through Analysis Arizona Criminal Justice Commission $125,646 The Law Enforcement and Prosecution Strategies of Sexual Violence Cases: Implementing a Community Driven Approach for Adolescent Sex Crimes DOJ- National Institute of Justice $486,033 A Multilevel Analysis of Juvenile Court Processes: The Importance of Community Characteristics DOJ- National Institute of Justice $78,933 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation $99,095 George Mason University $624,009 Maricopa County $151,534 Mandatory Drug Treatment in Arizona: Assessing Racial & Ethnic Disparities in Substance Abuse Treatment of Drug Offenders Supporting Organizational Change In the Trinidad and Tobago Police Evaluation of Maricopa County Crime Prevention Program State Laboratory Initiative Arizona Criminal Justice Commission $48,874 Maricopa County $137,500 City of Phoenix $7,884 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission $12,300 Justice and Security Strategies $73,908 Glendale Police Department $235,016 George Mason University $157,330 Arizona Department of Education $49,679 Arizona Arrestee Information Network- AARIN 2005 A Study of Sex Offender Clustering in Phoenix Arizona Weed & Seed Outcomes of Police use of Force: Evaluating the Use of Tasers in the US West Valley Regional Data sharing Initiative: Needs Assessment and Data Survey Reducing Crime in Trinidad and Tobago: A Strategic Approach Untangling the Contributing factors that Influence Academic Achievement: An Examination of Risk and Protective Factors 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 28 Exhibit 6: Grants and Contracts Awarded to Arizona State University’s Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety Calendar Years 2005-2009 Project Sponsoring Agency Amount Maricopa County $280,873 University of Arizona $100,625 2009 Arizona Arrestee Reporting Information Network (AARIN) DHS COE in Border Security and Immigration BJA Smart Policing – Glendale PD Police Decision Making in Sexual Assault Cases Phoenix Ceasefire Glendale Police Department $161,877 DOJ - National Institute of Justice $204,492 Chicanos por la Causa, Inc. $105,970 Glendale Police Department $2,000 Maricopa County $387,616 University of Arizona $100,714 2008 Development of a Community Assessment Survey Instrument for the Department Orchard Glen Weed and Seed Providing Infrastructure and Analytical Support for the Maricopa County Crime Analysis Center DHS COE in Border Security and Immigration Evaluation of the Orchard Glen Weed Community Assessment Survey Glendale Police Department $8,000 Maricopa County $263.563 Arizona Criminal Justice Commission $41,000 City of Phoenix $10,000 Maricopa County $276,000 Urban Institute $99,952 Superior Court of Arizona $11,352 Arizona Arrestee Reporting Information Network (AARIN) PSN, Homicide and Recidivism Study 2007 Canyon Corridor Weed and Seed Study Evaluation of Orchard Glen Weed and Seed Arizona Arrestee Reporting Information Network (AARIN) Norms and Networks of Latino Gang Youth 2006 Research & Planning Projects to Identify & Examine Factors Associated with Length of Stay Decisions Drug Treatment and Education Fund Program Evaluation Superior Court of Arizona $129,805 Improving State Criminal History Though Analysis Arizona Criminal Justice Commission $13,646 A Multilevel Analysis of Juvenile Court Processes: The Importance of Community Characteristics DOJ- National Institute of Justice $78,933 Supporting Organizational Change In the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service George Mason University $550,653 Arizona Arrestee Information Network (AARIN) Maricopa County $137,500 Evaluation of Maricopa County Crime Prevention Program Maricopa County $131,658 2005 A Study of Sex Offender Clustering in Phoenix Arizona City of Phoenix $47,884 AZ Criminal Justice Commission $12,300 George Mason University $176,027 West Valley Regional Data Sharing Initiative: Needs Assessment and Data Survey Glendale Police Department $235,032 West Valley Regional Data Sharing Initiative: Needs Assessment and Data Survey (TA subcontract) Glendale Police Department $126,875 Weed & Seed Supporting Organization Change in Trinidad and Tobago 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 29 “ the Center is currently working with Associate Professor Rob Kane of the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice to develop a research proposal centered on an intervention that utilizes police ” as community health auditors Future Strategic Plans The Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety seeks to build a reputation as both a nationally respected and recognized research unit, and increase research awards and expenditures at a pace of 7 percent annually over the next five years. Below we outline a number of objectives and action steps we plan to take to help achieve our vision. Objective 1: Strengthen relationships with the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, other schools in the College of Public Programs, and other Colleges at the downtown campus. The recent relocation of the Center to ASU’s Downtown Phoenix campus – and within the College of Public Programs – affords us the opportunity to draw upon the considerable expertise of faculty in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice (the unit most closely aligned with the Center), as well as other schools and colleges throughout the downtown campus. The Center will increase our presence on the downtown ASU landscape through three initiatives: Action Step: Host a luncheon at least once per year at the downtown campus that will feature current Center-related projects. Initially, the luncheon will be open to faculty in the College of Public Programs only – but starting in year 3, the luncheon will be open to the entire downtown campus faculty. Action Step: Sponsor one “faculty exchange” per year with another major criminology and criminal justice (or related) program across the country – with the overall objective of partnering with leading scholars in the field on grant proposals and research projects. Initially, the exchange will be open only to faculty in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice. After year 3, the opportunity will be opened to all faculty in the College of Public Programs (with the caveat that proposed exchanges will reflect the core mission of the Center). 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 30 Action Step: Establish and maintain a series of workshops on statistical analyses over each winter break. The workshops will be comprised of four- to eight-hour courses on statistical techniques that will provide graduate students and faculty with new tools for applied analysis. These workshops will be offered at a below market rate for faculty, and will be discounted for advanced graduate students. Objective 2: Increase the Center’s funding streams from Federal agencies including the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and National Science Foundation (NSF). The Center has a well-established track record in securing grants at the local, state and federal levels, but over the next three years we will place a greater emphasis on federal funding. The Center will seek to capitalize on the enhanced funding opportunities afforded through the Economic Recovery Act of 2009, which has substantially bolstered the budgets of many Federal funding agencies. We envision three initiatives to help achieve this objective. Action Step. The Center will propose to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the establishment of the Arizona Violent Death Reporting System (AVDRS). To date, 17 states across the country have established such systems that compile statewide, comprehensive data on violent deaths by collecting information from death certificates, medical examiner reports, police departments, and other appropriate local agencies. Objectives of these statewide surveillance systems include providing comprehensive snapshots of violent incidents to further understand such events and informing communities, policy makers, planners, and decision makers on violent deaths so that preventive programs can be enacted. Establishment of the AVDRS will enable increased scientific understanding of violent injury through research, translation of research findings into prevention strategies, and the dissemination of knowledge of violent injury and prevention to professionals and the public. Data collection for the project will be sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 31 Action Step: The Center is currently working with Associate Professor Rob Kane of the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice to develop a research proposal centered on an intervention that utilizes police as community health auditors, linking residents of households in need to health services (tentatively titled the “Policing for Community Health Initiative”). Faculty at the Center have reviewed various drafts of Kane’s proposal and will support a trip to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to discuss funding opportunities. The Center and Professor Kane have partnered with faculty from ASU’s Nursing College for this initiative, and we will seek to conduct the research in downtown Phoenix, thereby contributing to ASU’s core mission for integration and downtown revitalization. Action Step: Develop collaborative relationships with universities across the county to leverage place and content expertise. As an illustration of this action step, faculty in the Center (Katz and White) have recently joined The Consortium for Social Science Research on Forensic Evidence Processing and Criminal Investigations, a group of social and forensic scientists from American University, Sam Houston State University and the University of Cincinnati (and now Arizona State University). The Consortium has produced a white paper titled “Social Science Research in Forensic Science: A Systematic Approach” which presents a research agenda for studying and improving the fields of forensic science and criminal investigation. Consortium members will soon visit the National Institute of Justice to discuss funding opportunities. Objective 3: Increase the Center’s funding streams from the private sector and foundations. Over the last decade the private sector and foundations have played a vital role in the provision of funding to support research and development. For the Center to accomplish its vision it is essential that it place increased attention on developing relationships with private organizations and foundations to support use inspired research. Toward this end we will undertake three action steps. Action Step: Build upon the relationships established as part of Objectives 1 and 2 (above) to more aggressively pursue private sector, and foundation funding opportunities with collaborative, multi-disciplinary teams. 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 32 Action Step: Support development of research proposals by faculty through review and feedback, as well as travel to Washington, D.C., other locales, and conferences in order to meet with private sector companies and foundations (as well as funding agencies). As an example of this action step, Associate Director White has developed a research proposal to examine the impact of the TASER on the cognitive functioning of healthy, human volunteers. The proposal was developed in collaboration with other faculty at the Center and was submitted to TASER International for funding consideration in October 2009. “ ” the Center has strong and long- standing working Action Step: Create a Proposal Recruitment Team within the Center to identify available private sector and foundation (as well as federal) funding opportunities, and to recruit and support faculty to pursue those opportunities. relationships with local, county and state Objective 4: Expand existing relationships with local, county and state justice agencies through continued joint research ventures and technical assistance. The Center has strong and long-standing working relationships with local, county and state justice agencies. We will seek to further build on these relationships over the next three years through existing projects, as well as a new initiative that is modeled after the John Jay College/Jack and Lewis Rudin Criminal Justice Partnership. The partnership, funded through a $1 million donation from the Rudin family, sought to provide research expertise and technical assistance to the primary criminal justice agencies in New York City through both faculty and graduate students (called Rudin Scholars) at John Jay College. The central objective of the Rudin partnership involved bringing to bear resources and expertise so that agency leaders could explore issues and problems that challenged them and their staff (at no cost to them) – and to do so in a confidential and secure environment (i.e., agency leaders set the research agenda, not the academics). Action Step: Develop a proposal to create a “Rudin-like” partnership within the Center, and in conjunction with the Director of Development, College of Public Programs, identify potential donors to fund the partnership. 2009 Center Program Review justice agencies Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 33 Action Step: Publicize and use current projects like the Arizona Arrestee Reporting Information Network (AARIN) and the Glendale Smart Policing Initiative to foster existing and new relationships with local, county and state justice agencies. Action Step: Use the newly created Survey Information Management Services (SIMS) unit to provide research and survey-related services to justice agencies and other businesses (e.g., private companies, schools). Action Step: Conduct a series of professional development workshops each year. The workshops will focus on skill development for the working professional. Workshops might focus on such areas as geographic information sciences, advanced management, and applied statistical analysis. Objective 5: Become a primary data collection depository of local and state justice-related systems that is accessible to justice system officials, CCJ faculty (and other faculty in the College of Public Programs) and doctoral students. In 2008, the Center received funding from Maricopa County to create the Community Crime Analysis Center (CCAC). Among other things, the CCAC was to serve as a data warehouse where criminal justice agencies could store their data and, through various agreements, gain access to data from other agencies. Funding for the CCAC was terminated in early 2009 due to the county fiscal crisis. To achieve objective 5, we will seek to re-start this component of the now-defunct CCAC. Action Step: Re-engage local and county justice agencies in a discussion about the creation of a data sharing and storage warehouse at the Center. Agencies that share and store data at the Center would gain access to data from other agencies (governed through memoranda of agreement). Data could also then be accessed by CCJ faculty and doctoral students, as well as faculty throughout the College of Public Programs (also strictly governed through memoranda of agreement with the various agencies). 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 34 Action Step: As part of the Center’s objective to become a leader in data collection and management, it purchased a software and hardware system that placed it at the cutting-edge of technology in survey scanning and management. The Survey Information Management Services, or SIMS Unit provides the Center with leading technology for the creation, distribution, scanning, computerized entry and coding, and file transfer of electronic and hardcopy format surveys. The SIMS Unit contracts survey design, management, and analysis services to researchers at ASU and public and private organizations and companies. The SIMS Unit is expected to be self-sufficient – supporting a full-time project manager and analyst within the next three years. Within the next five years, the SIMS Unit will continue to provide survey management services to ASU and the community, will be positioned to review, update, and expand the technology and capability of its infrastructure, and continue to be a leader in providing expert survey and research support. Challenges to Achievement of the Center’s Goals Engaging the interest of faculty in other disciplines in Center projects and research opportunities (which tend to be criminal justice-focused). Writing successful grant proposals among increased competition for funding. Maintaining and expanding resources – financial and otherwise – in the existing economic climate. Overcoming reticence among criminal justice agencies to share data with other agencies and ASU faculty. Securing a significant donation from the private sector (or a foundation) to fund a “Rudin-like” partnership. 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 35 “ the Center has developed specific strategies to ensure targeted growth in Financial Summary Over the first five years of its existence, the Center has made great strides towards self sustainability. The Center was conceived with the intent to seek funding to be self supporting and has not received allocations from the University’s state appropriation over this time period, nor does it expect to receive funding from this source in the future. A $3 million endowment was gifted to the Center from the Watts Family which has generated income to begin to develop the infrastructure that will continue to build sustainability into the Center’s ongoing operations. This gift has been used to add critical expertise that affords the Center the opportunity to seek and secure additional funding to support a growing research center’s portfolio of activities. local, state, national and international ” projects within the purview of the Center’s mission The financial summary for fiscal years 2007 through 2009 for the Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety is presented below in Exhibit 8. As shown, revenues have more than doubled in the last three years, resulting in a 200% increase with the bulk of the funds derived from grants and contracts. The Center’s strategic plan will build on this success by seeking awards from new sources and the Center has developed specific strategies to ensure targeted growth in local, state, national and international projects within the purview of the Center’s mission. Transfer-in revenues lagged during FY 2008 due to a change in operational procedures resulting from transition between the two colleges that the Center reported through during this period. This change resulted in a one time lag of funds actually transferred from the Foundation into the Center’s accounts in FY 2008 which then resulted in a greater than normal transfer reported in FY 2009. This timing did not materially affect the increase in overall funding during the time periods reported. To ensure that grants and contracts are managed wisely, the Center has also strived to control costs. The expense summary shows that bottom line direct expenses have remained relatively stable over this time period, although the categories of expenditures have experienced change. While labor costs have increased, the rate of growth has been managed by utilizing combinations of center staff across multiple projects and supplementing those efforts with contracted service providers when needed for functions that do not add value to the Center’s core competencies. Overall labor (Personnel costs and Services) has risen from 59% to 84% during this time period while other operating expenses have been reduced from 41% to 16% during this same time period. This shift was available by efforts to minimize general operational expenses in favor of offering opportunities for a growing number of undergraduate as well as graduate students to work on the Center’s research projects. Our future projections are that the Center will be able to maintain the current expense ratios over the next few years with careful planning. 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 36 Exhibit 7: Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety Financial History for the Previous Three Years FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 Personnel $0 $0 $0 Operations $0 $0 $0 $15,671 $147 $7,583 Revenues State Appropriations Local Funds Sales and Services Sponsored Funds Local Municipality $177,972 $18,000 $10,000 County $33,162 $413,179 $400,676 State $12,300 $13,646 $15,750 Federal $0 $60,570 $16,634 Other $184,474 $177,806 $386,493 Transfers In $150,068 $27,536 $321,758 $573,647 $710,884 $1,158,894 Salary and Wages $270,600 $445,970 $428,569 ERE $57,677 $96,743 $84,548 Services $66,181 $23,031 $33,167 Other Funds Total Revenues Expenditures Personnel Operations Subcontracts $29,159 $0 $0 Materials & Supplies $7,556 $643 $11,890 Non-Capital Equipment $1,089 $3,006 $2,457 Communications $1,911 $1,794 $3,710 Rentals/Licenses $986 $0 $0 Miscellaneous $14,374 $6,699 $7,641 Travel In State $2,431 $4,597 $6,241 Travel Out of State $7,628 $15,201 $2,556 Travel Foreign $12,688 $41,999 $6,262 $150,000 $28,220 ($4,700) Other Expenditures Transfers Out IDC Total Expenditures Total Revenues-Total Expenditures $99,080 $184,966 $70,104 $721,360 $852,869 $652,445 ($147,713) ($141,985) $506,449 Beginning Fund Balance -$32,320 -$180,033 -$322,018 Ending Funding Balance ($180,033) ($322,018) $184,431 2009 Center Program Review Center for Violence Prevention & Community Safety 37 Exhibit 8: Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety Revenue Source: FY 2007 - 2009 CVPCS Revenue Sources FY 2007 - 2009 FY 09 FY 08 FY 07 0 200000 400000 Grants & Contracts 600000 Sales & Services 800000 1000000 Transfers In (Foundation) 2009 Center Program Review College of Public Programs, Arizona State University 38 Exhibit 9: Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety Expenditure History: FY 2007 - 2009 Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety Expenditure History FY 2007 - 2009 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 FY 07 FY 08 Total Direct Labor Services & Subcontracts 2009 Center Program Review FY 09 Other Operational Expenses Appendix A: Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety Personnel Director Charles M. Katz, Ph.D. Center Staff Michael White, Ph.D. Associate Director David E. Choate Program Operations Manager Jody Arganbright Business Operations Manager Casey Malinoski AARIN Project Manager Shirin Marvastian GIS Analyst Irene Maldonado Administrative Assistant Lidia Nuño Research Specialist Melissa Kovacs, Ph.D. Consultant Andrew M. Fox Graduate Research Analyst Jana Benson Graduate Research Assistant Matthew J. Larson Graduate Research Assistant Valerie Marin Undergraduate Research Assistant The Center for Violence Prevention and Community Safety l ASU College of Public Programs 500 N. 3rd Street, NHI-1, Suite 200, Phoenix, AZ l (602) 496-1470 l http://cvpcs.asu.edu