Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Statistical Analysis Center Publication Our mission is to sustain and enhance the coordination, cohesiveness, productivity and effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System in Arizona Apache County Crim inal Justice Data Profile November 2014 ARIZONA CRIMINAL JUSTICE COMMISSION Chairperson BILL MONTGOMERY Maricopa County Attorney Vice-Chairperson DAVID K. BYERS, Director Administrative Office of the Courts JOSEPH ARPAIO Maricopa County Sheriff JOSEPH R. BRUGMAN, Chief Safford Police Department TIMOTHY J. DORN, Chief Gilbert Police Department CLARENCE DUPNIK Pima County Sheriff CHRIS GIBBS, Mayor City of Safford ROBERT C. HALLIDAY, Director Department of Public Safety TOM HORNE Attorney General DREW JOHN Graham County Supervisor BARBARA LAWALL Pima County Attorney ELLEN KIRSCHBAUM, Chairperson Board of Executive Clemency SHEILA POLK Yavapai County Attorney WILLIAM PRIBIL Coconino County Sheriff CHARLES RYAN, Director Department of Corrections DAVID SANDERS Pima County Chief Probation Officer DANIEL G. SHARP, Chief Oro Valley Police Department STEVEN SHELDON Former Judge MARK SPENCER Law Enforcement Leader JOHN A. BLACKBURN, JR. Executive Director i This report is a product of the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission’s Statistical Analysis Center. The following Statistical Analysis Center staff members contributed to this and the other county criminal justice data profiles: Megan Armstrong Aida Ceja Steve Irvine Vanessa Jones Victor Mora Michelle Neitch Sara Skinner Phillip Stevenson This project was supported by Grant # 2012-BJ-CX-K012 awarded to the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission by the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Points of view or opinions contained within this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Suggested citation: Arizona Criminal Justice Commission (2014). Apache County Criminal Justice Data Profile. Arizona Criminal Justice Commission. Phoenix, AZ. iii Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 6 Criminal Justice Data Sources .......................................................................................... 7 Population Data .............................................................................................................. 8 Law Enforcement Data .................................................................................................... 8 Part I Index Offense Counts and Rates ................................................................10 Violent Index Offense Counts ...................................................................10 Violent Index Offense Rates .....................................................................11 Violent Index Offenses .............................................................................12 Murder/Non-negligent Manslaughter.................................................12 Forcible Rape .................................................................................14 Robbery .........................................................................................16 Robberies with a Firearm.................................................................18 Aggravated Assault .........................................................................19 Aggravated Assaults with a Firearm ..................................................21 Property Index Offense Counts .................................................................22 Property Index Offense Rates ...................................................................23 Property Crime Index Offenses .................................................................24 Burglary .........................................................................................24 Larceny-Theft .................................................................................26 Motor Vehicle Theft.........................................................................28 Arson.............................................................................................30 Part II Arrest Counts and Rates ...........................................................................34 Simple Assaults .......................................................................................36 Forgery and Counterfeiting.......................................................................38 Fraud .....................................................................................................40 Stolen Property .......................................................................................42 Vandalism...............................................................................................44 Weapons ................................................................................................46 Sex Offenses...........................................................................................48 Sale or Manufacturing of Drugs ................................................................50 Possession of Drugs.................................................................................52 Offenses against Family/Children ..............................................................54 Driving Under the Influence (DUI) ............................................................56 Liquor Law Violations ...............................................................................58 Disorderly Conduct ..................................................................................60 Court and Probation Data ..................................................................................................62 Superior Court ...................................................................................................62 Justice Courts ....................................................................................................63 Municipal Courts ................................................................................................64 Probation ..........................................................................................................65 Adult Standard Probation ....................................................................................65 Restitution and Community Service ...........................................................66 Adult Intensive Probation....................................................................................68 Restitution and Community Service ...........................................................69 Corrections Data ...............................................................................................................71 iv Table of Contents – (continued) Conclusion........................................................................................................................72 Appendix A – Part II Offenses ............................................................................................74 v List of Tables Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 1: Data Sources ........................................................................................................ 7 2: Apache County and Arizona Population, 2002-2012 .................................................. 8 3: Robberies with a Firearm Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ............................18 4: Aggravated Assaults with a Firearm Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 .............21 5: Total Case Filings in Superior Court, FY2002-FY2012 ...............................................62 6: Total Felony Filings in Superior Court, FY2002-FY2012 ............................................62 7: Total Justice Court Case Filings, FY2002-FY2012 .....................................................63 8: Total Municipal Court Case Filings, FY2002-FY2012 .................................................64 9: Number of Standard Probationers Under Direct Supervision in Apache County and Arizona, FY2002-FY2012 .........................................................................................65 Table 10: Dollar Amount Collected from Standard Probationers in Apache County, FY2002FY2012 ..................................................................................................................66 Table 11: Number of Intensive Probationers in Apache County and Arizona, FY2002-FY2012...68 Table 12: Dollar Amount Collected from Intensive Probationers in Apache County, FY2002FY2012 ..................................................................................................................69 vi List of Figures Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 1: Reported Violent Index Offenses Apache County, 2002-2012 ..................................10 2: Reported Violent Index Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ........11 3: Reported Murders/Non Negligent Manslaughter Apache County, 2002-2012 .............12 4: Reported Murder/Non Negligent Manslaughter Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ................................................................................................13 5: Reported Forcible Rapes Apache County, 2002-2012 ..............................................14 6: Reported Forcible Rape Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ........15 7: Reported Robberies Apache County, 2002-2012 ....................................................16 8: Reported Robbery Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ...............17 9: Reported Aggravated Assaults Apache County, 2002-2012......................................19 10: Reported Aggravated Assault Offense Rate Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ............................................................................................................................20 11: Reported Property Index Offenses Apache County, 2002-2012 ..............................22 12: Reported Property Index Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ....23 13: Reported Burglaries Apache County, 2002-2012 ...................................................24 14: Reported Burglary Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ..............25 15: Reported Larceny-Thefts Apache County, 2002-2012 ...........................................26 16: Reported Larceny-Theft Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ......27 17: Reported Motor Vehicle Thefts Apache County, 2002-2012 ...................................28 18: Reported Motor Vehicle Theft Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ............................................................................................................................29 19: Reported Arsons Apache County, 2002-2012 .......................................................30 20: Reported Arson Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 .................31 21: Percent Change in Violent and Property Index Offense Counts Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ................................................................................................32 22: Percent Change in Violent and Property Index Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ................................................................................................33 23: Part II Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 ...........................................................34 24: Part II Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 .................................35 25: Simple Assault Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 ...............................................36 26: Simple Assaults Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ....................37 27: Forgery and Counterfeiting Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 .............................38 28: Forgery and Counterfeiting Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012....39 29: Fraud Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 ............................................................40 30: Fraud Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ..................................41 31: Stolen Property Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 ..............................................42 32: Stolen Property Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ....................43 33: Vandalism Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 .....................................................44 34: Vandalism Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ............................45 35: Weapons Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 .......................................................46 vii List of Figures – (Continued) Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 36: Weapons Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 .............................47 37: Sex Offense Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 ...................................................48 38: Sex Offense Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 .........................49 39: Sale or Manufacturing of Drug Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 ........................50 40: Drug Sale or Manufacturing Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ...51 41: Drug Possession Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 ............................................52 42: Drug Possession Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ...................53 43: Offenses Against Family/Children Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 ....................54 44: Offenses Against Family/Children Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 20022012 .....................................................................................................................55 45: DUI Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 ..............................................................56 46: DUI Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 .....................................57 47: Liquor Law Violation Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 .......................................58 48: Liquor Law Violations Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ............59 49: Disorderly Conduct Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 .........................................60 50: Disorderly Conduct Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 ...............61 51: Community Service Hours Completed by Standard Probationers in Apache County, FY2002-FY2012 ......................................................................................................67 52: Community Service Hours Completed by Intensive Probationers in Apache County, FY2002-FY2012 ......................................................................................................70 53: Department of Corrections Releases to Apache County, 2002-2012 .......................71 viii Executive Summary Approximately every two years, the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission (ACJC) publishes a criminal justice system data report titled, Arizona Crime Trends: A System Review. In support of data-driven policy and practice, the report uses publicly available data to describe the activity of Arizona’s criminal justice system from law enforcement agencies description of the offenses reported to their agencies to the characteristics of the inmate population of the Arizona Department of Corrections. Although the data in Arizona Crime Trends provides a valuable overview of crime and criminal justice activity for the state as a whole, much of Arizona’s criminal justice system is organized and functions at the municipal and county level (e.g., local and county law enforcement, city and county attorneys, county probation, municipal courts, county superior courts, etc.). Aggregating the data to describe system activity for the state as a whole can mask important differences in crime and criminal justice system activity at the local level. To support data-driven policy and practice among municipal and county criminal justice agencies, ACJC’s Statistical Analysis Center (SAC) received a grant from the Bureau of Justice Assistance to compile criminal justice system data at the county level similar to that published in Arizona Crime Trends: A System Review. More specifically, in this inaugural edition of the Apache County Criminal Justice Data Profile, the most recent 11 years of data available on law enforcement, court, probation, and corrections activity impacting Apache County are compiled to give county-based criminal justice policymakers and practitioners an overview of crime and criminal justice system activity in their county. An analysis of the Apache County data included in this report reveals the following: Offenses Reported to the Police  After decreasing by 84.5 percent from 2003 to 2007, the number of violent index offenses reported to the police in Apache County increased approximately threefold from 2007 to 2012.  From 2002 to 2012, eight murder/non-negligent manslaughters were reported to law enforcement in Apache County.  From 2002 to 2007, the number of forcible rapes reported to the police in Apache County remained relatively stable. However, from 2007 to 2010 the number of forcible rapes reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies increased from one reported forcible rape in 2007 to nine in 2010 before falling back down to two in 2012.  The number of robberies reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County from 2002 to 2012 varied from a low of zero to a high of three. 1  From 2003 to 2007, the number of aggravated assaults reported to law enforcement decreased by 84.8 percent. Even with relatively steady increases in the number of aggravated assaults reported to the police from 2007 to 2012, the number of aggravated assaults reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County in 2012 was 37.0 percent lower than in 2002.  After a small increase in the number of property index offenses reported to the police from 2002 to 2003, the number of property index offenses reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies decreased by 74.8 percent from 632 property index offenses in 2003 to 159 in 2007. From 2007 to 2012 the number of property offenses reported to the police in Apache County nearly tripled from 159 offenses in 2007 to 448 in 2012.  From 2002 to 2012, the number of burglaries reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies remained relatively stable, ranging from 127 in 2008 to 164 in 2010. An exception to this trend was found in 2007 when only 44 burglaries were reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies.  The number of larceny-thefts reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies declined from a high of 445 in 2003 to a low of 102 in 2007 (Figure 15). Since 2007, the number of larceny-thefts reported to law enforcement in Apache County has increased to 236 in 2012.  After significant year-to-year variation from 2002 to 2005 in the number of motor vehicle thefts reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies, from 2005 to 2007 the number of motor vehicle thefts decreased 60.6 percent from 33 to 13. From 2007 to 2012 the number of motor vehicle thefts reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies has remained relatively stable ranging from a high of 16 to a low of 11.  From 2002 to 2012, there were few arsons reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County. From 2002 to 2010, there were no more than four arsons reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies. In contrast, in 2011 and 2012, there were 20 and 41 arsons, respectively, reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies. Arrests  With the exception of 2004, from 2002 to 2006 the number of arrests in Apache County for Part II offenses remained relatively stable. From 2006 to 2007, there was a 64.8 percent decrease in the number of arrests in Apache County for Part II offenses. Although the number of arrests since 2007 has remained lower than the number of arrests made each year from 2002 to 2006, the number of UCR 2 Part II arrests made by Apache County law enforcement agencies since 2007 has generally increased from 343 arrests in 2007 to 475 arrests in 2012.  From 2002 to 2012 the number of arrests for simple assault made in Apache County generally decreased. After reaching a decade high of 101 arrests for simple assault in 2005, the number of arrests for simple assault since 2005 generally decreased. In 2012, there were 58.1 percent fewer arrests for simple assault than in 2002.  From 2002 to 2009 the number of arrests in Apache County for a Part II sex offense generally decreased. During the time period examined, the number of arrests in Apache County for a Part II sex offense ranged from a high of 16 in 2003 to a low of one in 2009.  After peaking at 61 arrests in 2003, the number of arrests made by Apache County law enforcement agencies for the sale or manufacturing of drugs has decreased significantly.  From 2002 to 2007, the number of drug possession arrests made by Apache County law enforcement agencies steadily fell from 160 arrests in 2002 to 15 in 2007. From 2007 to 2012 the number of drug possession arrests by Apache County law enforcement agencies increased by more than two times.  After reaching a peak of 28 arrests for offenses against family or children in 2004, the number of arrests made by Apache County law enforcement agencies for offenses against family or children decreased by 75.0 percent to seven arrests in 2007. From 2007 to 2008, the number of arrests for offenses against family or children increased slightly but remained relatively stable from 2008 to 2012.  With the exception of a large increase from 2004 to 2006 in the number of arrests for driving under the influence, and a corresponding decrease from 2006 to 2007, the number of arrests for DUI made by Apache County law enforcement agencies from 2002 to 2012 remained relative stable. During the time period examined, the number of arrests made by Apache County law enforcement agencies for driving under the influence reached a high of 138 arrests in 2006 and a low of 28 arrests in 2008. Courts  The number of cases filed in Apache County Superior Court in 2012 was 30.7 percent greater than the number of cases filed in 2002. Since 2007, the number of cases filed in Apache County Superior Court has decreased by 13.2 percent. 3  From 2002 to 2012, the number of felony filings in Apache County Superior Court increased by 43.6 percent. More recently, from 2007 to 2012 the number of felony filings in Apache County Superior Court increased by just 7.6 percent.  From 2002 to 2012, the total number of cases filed in Apache County Justice Courts decreased by 21.7 percent. During this time, the number of criminal traffic cases filed decreased by 16.7 percent, the number of non-traffic misdemeanor cases filed decreased by 25.5 percent, and the number of “other” (i.e., civil traffic, small claims, forcible detainer, and other civil) cases filed decreased by 24.8 percent. In contrast, the number of felony cases filed in Apache County Justice Courts from 2002 to 2012 increased by 36.9 percent.  The number of cases filed in Apache County Municipal Courts decreased by 29.9 percent from 2002 to 2012. During this time, the number of criminal traffic cases filed in Apache County Municipal Courts decreased by 15.4 percent while nontraffic misdemeanor cases filed increased by 14.9 percent. Probation  The number of standard probationers under direct supervision in Apache County in 2012 was 71.5 percent higher than in 2002. Yet, since 2009, the number of standard probationers under direct supervision in Apache County has stayed relatively consistent.  From 2002 to 2012, the amount of restitution collected annually from offenders on standard probation in Apache County ranged from $8,549 in 2010 to $146,313 in 2008. During the time period examined, the total amount of restitution collected from standard probationers supervised in Apache County was $476,589.  In 2012, standard adult probationers in Apache County performed 10,570 hours of community service, which was the high for the time period examined. From 2002 to 2012, standard probationers in Apache County performed 72,182 hours of community service, which at the minimum wage in Arizona at the time this report was written ($7.90/hour), totaled $570,237.80 of community service work performed.  From 2002 to 2012 the number of convicted offenders on intensive probation in Apache County increased by 6.8 percent. During the time period examined, the number of intensive probationers in Apache County ranged from a low of 33 in 2011 to a high of 59 in 2008.  From 2002 to 2012, the amount of restitution collected from offenders on intensive probation in Apache County ranged from $820 in 2010 to $15,341 in 4 2004. During the time period examined, the total amount of restitution collected from intensive probationers supervised in Apache County was $52,913.  From 2002 to 2012, standard probationers in Apache County performed 56,053 hours of community service, which at the minimum wage in Arizona at the time this report was written ($7.90/hour), totaled $442,818.70 of community service work performed. Corrections  From 2002 to 2012, 664 individuals were released from ADC to Apache County. In 2007, the number of individuals released from ADC custody to Apache County reached a high of 75, but since that time the number has generally declined. 5 Introduction Arizona’s criminal justice system is a large and complex system made up of hundreds of agencies and related organizations at the state, county, and municipal level. On a regular basis, the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission (ACJC) publishes Arizona Crime Trends: A System Review, which reviews statewide criminal and juvenile justice data on crime and delinquency, law enforcement activity, the courts, and corrections. Arizona Crime Trends is a valuable resource for a variety of criminal justice data for the entire state. In the 2011 Arizona Crime Trends report, the following trends were noted.  The number of violent index offenses reported to the police in Arizona in 2010 was 4.4 percent lower than in 2000 and 15.6 percent lower than the decade high in 2006. But because of increases in the population of Arizona, from 2000 to 2010 the violent index offense rate decreased by 23.2 percent.  The number of property index offenses reported to the police in Arizona decreased by 16.9 percent from 2000 to 2010, which when adjusted for increases in the state’s population, resulted in a 33.3 percent decrease in the property index offense rate during that time period.  Statewide, from 2000 to 2010 the number of felony case filings increased by 37.8 percent, from 40,137 to 59,385.  From 2000 to 2010 the number of individuals on standard probation increased by 15.2 percent, from 32,809 to 37,802.  From 2000 to 2010 the number of individuals incarcerated in the Arizona Department of Corrections increased by 51.4 percent, from 26,510 to 40,130. Although Arizona Crime Trends provides a comprehensive picture of crime and criminal justice activity for the state as a whole, it is important to recognize that much of Arizona’s criminal justice system is organized at the county level (e.g., county attorneys, county probation, and county superior courts). To support data-driven policy and practice among county criminal justice system agencies, ACJC’s Statistical Analysis Center (SAC) has created county level data profiles similar in content to Arizona Crime Trends. Although the data included in this profile provides some important insights into crime and criminal justice system activity in Apache County, the Apache County Criminal Justice Data Profile cannot answer all the questions readers may have about criminal justice system activity in Apache County. The complexity of the criminal justice system and the decentralized nature of data sources make it difficult to include all data on all crime and criminal justice system activity without investing significant resources into identifying, collecting, maintaining, and analyzing crime and criminal justice data 6 obtained from all criminal justice system and partner agencies. Instead, this profile provides an overview of the trends in crime and criminal justice system activity in Apache County from available data for the years 2002 to 2012. The data presented in this profile provides a foundation upon which criminal justice policymakers and practitioners can develop effective responses to the crime and criminal justice system challenges facing Apache County. Criminal Justice Data Sources One of the primary goals of the ACJC’s SAC is to serve as a central point of contact for a variety of criminal and juvenile justice system data. Because the SAC does not generate criminal justice system data of their own, developing the content for a centralized data clearinghouse relies on obtaining data from other local, state, and federal agencies that collect, maintain, and share justice system data. In creating this report, SAC staff relied on three primary sources of criminal justice data—the Arizona Department of Public Safety, the Administrative Office of the Courts, and the Arizona Department of Corrections (Table 1). Table 1: Data Sources Table 1: Data Sources Source Data Arizona Department of Public Safety Crime in Arizona Annual Reports Administrative Office of the Courts Annual Data Reports Arizona Department of Corrections Annual Releases 7 Population Data From 2002 to 2012, the population of Apache County increased by 8.7 percent (Table 2). During this same time, the population for the state as a whole increased by 21.4 percent. All 15 of Arizona’s counties experienced population increases from 2002 to 2012, ranging from a 3.2 percent increase in the population of Gila County to a 96.6 percent increase in the population of Pinal County. Table 2: Apache County and Arizona Population, 2002-2012 Table 2: Apache County and Arizona Population, 2002-2012 Year Apache County 2002 67,319 2003 68,072 2004 68,161 2005 68,521 2006 69,390 2007 69,602 2008 69,883 2009 71,008 2010 71,676 2011 72,401 2012 73,195 % Change 2002 - 2012 Sources: Year-to-Year % Change Arizona 5,396,255 5,510,364 5,652,404 5,839,077 6,029,141 6,167,681 6,280,362 6,343,154 6,413,737 6,482,505 6,553,255 % Change 2002 - 2012 +1.1 +0.1 +0.5 +1.3 +0.3 +0.4 +1.6 +0.9 +1.0 +1.1 +8.7 Year-to-Year % Change +2.1 +2.6 +3.3 +3.3 +2.3 +1.8 +1.0 +1.1 +1.1 +1.1 +21.4 http://www.census.gov/popest/intercensal/county/CO-EST00INT-01.html http://www.census.gov/popest/data/counties/totals/2011/CO-EST2011-01.html http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/04013.html Retrieved 7/26/2013 Law Enforcement Data The primary source for official property and violent offense and arrest information is the Arizona Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program. Initiated at the federal level more than 70 years ago, the UCR program, which is managed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), is a nationwide effort by law enforcement agencies to voluntarily report offense and arrest data from their jurisdictions on a set of specific crimes. The purpose of the UCR program is to provide reliable information that describes the nature and extent of crime for administrative, operational, and management activities. The data that is collected through the UCR program, particularly data on those crimes that form the Part I violent and property crime indices, have become one of the most common and widely recognized indicators of crime in the United States. The data used in this report to describe crime over time in Apache County and the state as a whole comes from Crime in Arizona, which is the annual UCR program data report published by the Arizona Department of Public Safety (DPS). 8 It is important for users of official crime data to know that not all crimes are reported to a law enforcement agency, and subsequently, the state’s UCR program. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 51.4 percent of violent crime and 60.6 percent of property crime nationally were not reported to the police in 2009. 1 In Arizona, data from the 2013 Arizona Victimization Survey found that 48.6 percent of violent crimes and 30.4 percent of property crimes experienced by residents of Arizona in 2013 were not reported to the police. 2 Some of the reasons given by residents of Arizona for why they did not report their victimizations to the police include: the resident dealt with the victimization in another way, the offense was too trivial to involve law enforcement, and there was nothing the criminal justice system could do about the victimization. 3 In the law enforcement data section of the report, 2002 to 2012 reported offense data from DPS’ uniform crime reporting program for Coconino County and Arizona is reviewed and discussed. Because Arizona is one of the fastest growing states in the nation, it is important to analyze both the number of crimes in a county and the crime rates for the county, which controls for changes in the county’s population. The number of crimes and the rate of crime (in this report, # of offenses / population X 100,000) provide complementary but, at times, very different perspectives on crime and criminal justice system activity. For example, the number of violent index offenses reported to the police in Arizona declined by 4.4 percent from 2000 to 2010, but when controlling for the increase in the population of Arizona, the crime rate declined by 23.2 percent during the same time. 4 Throughout this report, the crime rate for Coconino County is calculated by the following formula: the number of crimes / the population of the county during that year x 100,000. The value of reporting the number of crimes and crime rates over time is to assess change in crime within a jurisdiction, not to compare numbers and rates across jurisdictions. Each jurisdiction has unique crime and criminal justice system issues that make comparisons across jurisdictions much less valuable than an analysis of change over time within jurisdictions. Because it is beyond the scope of this report and the resources available to provide an analysis of crime trends for every city and town in Arizona, the data profiles focus on county and statewide data that gives criminal justice system policymakers, practitioners, and the general public a reliable and objective description of crime and crime trends in Arizona and its 15 counties. Truman, Jennifer L. and Michael R. Rand. “Criminal Victimization, 2009.” October 2010. Web. March 29, 2011. 2 Stevenson, Phillip. 2013. “The 2013 Arizona Crime Victimization Survey.” Arizona Criminal Justice Commission. Phoenix, AZ. 3 Ibid. 4 Stevenson, Phillip. 2011. “Arizona Crime Trends: A System Review.” Arizona Criminal Justice Commission, Phoenix, AZ. 1 9 Part I Index Offense Counts and Rates The Uniform Crime Reporting Program Part I index offense rate is a commonly used indicator of crime in a jurisdiction. There are four violent index offenses (murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault) and four property index offenses (arson, burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft) that are used to calculate Part I index offense rates. In this section of the Apache County Criminal Justice System Data Profile, violent and property offense counts and rates for Apache County and Arizona are presented and discussed. Violent Index Offense Counts After a small year-to-year increase in the number of violent index offenses reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies from 2002 to 2003, the number of violent index offenses reported to the police in Apache County decreased by 84.5 percent from 2003 to 2007. From 2007 to 2012, the number of violent index offenses reported to local law enforcement agencies in Apache County increased by approximately three times. Even with the relatively large increase in the number of violent index offenses reported to the police from 2007 to 2011, the number of violent offenses reported in 2012 was 35.5 percent lower than in 2002 (Figure 1). Figure 1: Reported Violent Index Offenses Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 1: Reported Violent Index Offenses Apache County, 2002-2012 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 107 110 75 60 59 17 34 52 46 62 69 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 10 Violent Index Offense Rates The trend in violent index offense rates for Apache County is similar to the trend in the number of violent index offenses reported to the police. After a small increase in Apache County’s violent index offense rate from 2002 to 2003, the violent index offense rate decreased 84.9 percent from 2003 to 2007 (Figure 2). From 2007 to 2012, the Apache County violent index offense rate increased by almost three times but remained lower than the high rate for the time period that was reached in 2003. From 2002 to 2012 Apache County’s violent index offense rate remained well below the state violent index offense rate. In 2002, the Apache County violent index offense rate was 71.2 percent lower than the violent index offense rate for the state. From 2002 to 2007 both the Apache County violent index offense rate and the state violent index offense rate generally decreased. Since 2007, the violent index offense rate for Apache County increased while the violent index offense rate for the state continued to fall. After two years of small increases in the state violent index offense rate from 2010 to 2012, the 2012 violent index offense rate for Apache County remained 76.1 percent lower than the 2012 violent index offense rate for the state. Figure 2: Reported Violent Index Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 2: Reported Violent Index Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 158.9 161.6 110.0 87.6 85.0 24.4 48.7 73.2 64.2 85.6 94.3 Arizona 551.9 511.7 505.3 503.9 511.4 480.1 457.8 411.4 371.4 374.4 395.3 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 11 Violent Index Offenses Although violent index offense counts and rates from the UCR program are useful measures of violent crime in a community, combining multiple offenses into a single index can mask significant variation in the types of violent crime being reported to law enforcement agencies. In this section of the Apache County Profile, the four offenses that comprise the violent index offenses (murder/non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault) and their respective trends over time are presented and discussed. Murder/Non-negligent Manslaughter As defined by the UCR program, murder and non-negligent manslaughter is “the willful (non-negligent) killing of one human being by another.” 5 From 2002 to 2012, there were few murders/non-negligent manslaughters reported to the police in Apache County. During the time period examined, in most years there were no murders/nonnegligent manslaughters reported to the police and in all other years, no more than two (Figure 3). Figure 3: Reported Murders/Non Negligent Manslaughter Apache County, 2002-2012 3 Figure 3: Reported Murders/Non Negligent Manslaughter Apache County, 2002-2012 2 1 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 5 http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/offenses/violent_crime/murder_homicide.html 12 Even when controlling for change in the population of Apache County over time, the murder/non-negligent manslaughter rate for Apache County varied only slightly from 0.0 murders/non-negligent manslaughter per 100,000 population in 2002, 2004, and 2006-2008 to a high of 2.8 per 100,000 in 2009 and 2010 (Figure 4). Additionally, during the entire time period examined, the murder/non-negligent manslaughter rate in Apache County was lower than the rate for the state. Because there are relatively few murders/non-negligent manslaughters in Apache County, caution should be taken when comparing Apache County rates for murder/non-negligent manslaughter across calendar years. Figure 4: Reported Murder/Non Negligent Manslaughter Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 4: Reported Murder/Non Negligent Manslaughter Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 0.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 2.8 1.4 1.4 Arizona 7.1 8.0 7.3 7.6 7.7 7.5 6.4 5.1 5.5 5.2 5.3 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 13 Forcible Rape As defined by the UCR program, forcible rape is “the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will.” 6 Attempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included. However, statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses are excluded. Sexual assaults on males are not included and instead are classified as assaults or other sexual offenses. From 2002 to 2007, the number of forcible rapes reported to the police in Apache County generally decreased (Figure 5). From 2007 to 2010, the number of forcible rapes reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies increased from one reported forcible rape in 2007 to nine in 2010. Since 2010, the number of forcible rapes reported to the police has fallen to two in 2012. Figure 5: Reported Forcible Rapes Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 5: Reported Forcible Rapes Apache County, 2002-2012 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 4 3 3 3 3 1 6 8 9 1 2 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 6 http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/offenses/violent_crime/forcible_rape.html 14 When controlling for population, the trends in the rate of forcible rape in Apache County mimic the trends in the number of forcible rapes reported to law enforcement agencies in the county (Figure 6). From 2002 to 2007, the forcible rape rate for Apache County generally decreased, before steadily increasing from 2007 to 2010. Since 2010 the forcible rape rate for Apache County has again generally decreased. Additionally, in 2002 Apache County’s rate of forcible rate was 79.4 percent lower than the state rate. However, from 2007 to 2010 an increase in the number of forcible rapes reported to the police resulted in a similar increase in the forcible rape rate. Since 2010 the rate of forcible rape in Apache County has again fallen and in 2012 the Apache County rate of forcible rape was 89.7 percent lower than the rate for the state. Figure 6: Reported Forcible Rape Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 6: Reported Forcible Rape Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 5.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 1.4 8.6 11.3 12.6 1.4 2.7 Arizona 29.4 33.1 33.0 33.5 31.7 29.1 26.3 25.8 24.3 25.5 26.3 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 15 Robbery The UCR program defines robbery as “the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.” 7 The number of robberies reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County from 2002 to 2012 varied from a low of zero to a high of three. After a general decrease in the number of robberies reported to law enforcement in Apache County from 2002 to 2009, the number of robberies reported to the police increased to three robberies in 2012 (Figure 7). Figure 7: Reported Robberies Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 7: Reported Robberies Apache County, 2002-2012 4 3 2 1 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 7 http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/offenses/violent_crime/robbery.html 16 From 2002 to 2012 the Apache County robbery rate has remained relatively stable (Figure 8). There were relatively few robberies reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County, which is reflected in a robbery rate that is much lower than the state rate. Figure 8: Reported Robbery Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 8: Reported Robbery Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 4.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.8 4.1 Arizona 146.8 136.7 135.1 144.8 151.0 153.9 153.6 126.5 106.6 108.1 110.7 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 17 Robberies with a Firearm In addition to offense data, the DPS’s UCR program also collects information on firearm use by offenders involved in robberies and aggravated assaults. One-fourth of robberies reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies from 2002 to 2012 involved a firearm (Table 3). During this same time, the percentage of robberies that involved a firearm was higher in Arizona than in Apache County. The percentage of robberies involving a firearm in Arizona ranged from a high of 52.2 percent in 2005 to a low of 42.3 percent in 2012. Although there were years where the percentage of robberies reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies that involved a firearm was 100.0 percent (i.e., 2004 and 2005), in each of those years there was only one robbery reported to Apache County law enforcement. Table 3: Robberies with a Firearm Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Table 3: Robberies with a Firearm Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Apache County Total Robberies 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Robberies with a Firearm 33.3% 7,920 3,746 0.0% 7,535 3,636 100.0% 7,638 3,861 100.0% 8,455 4,414 9,106 4,475 9,493 4,669 9,648 4,985 8,021 3,666 0.0% 6,838 3,027 0.0% 7,007 3,143 0.0% 7,253 3,069 Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 Robberies with a Firearm 3 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 Source: Arizona Department of Arizona Percent 18 Total Robberies Percent 47.3% 48.3% 50.5% 52.2% 49.1% 49.2% 51.7% 45.7% 44.3% 44.9% 42.3% Aggravated Assault According to the UCR program, an aggravated assault is an “unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury.” 8 Aggravated assaults are often committed with a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. Attempted aggravated assaults that involve the display of or threat to use a weapon are also included in this offense category because serious personal injury would likely result if the assault were successfully completed. After a small increase from 2002 to 2003 in the number of aggravated assaults reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County, from 2003 to 2007 the number of aggravated assaults fell by 84.8 percent (Figure 9). From 2007 to 2012, the number of aggravated assaults reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County increased by nearly three times from 16 in 2007 to 63 in 2012. Even with the increase from 2007 to 2012 in the number of aggravated assaults reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County, the number of aggravated assaults in 2012 was 37.0 percent lower than in 2002. Figure 9: Reported Aggravated Assaults Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 9: Reported Aggravated Assaults Apache County, 2002-2012 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 100 105 71 55 56 16 28 42 34 58 63 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 8 http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/offenses/violent_crime/aggravated_assault.html 19 Even when controlling for changes in the population of Apache County, the trends in the aggravated assault rate for the county are similar to the trends in the number of aggravated assaults (Figure 10). After a small increase in the aggravated assault rate from 2002 to 2003, the aggravated assault rate for Apache County decreased from 2003 to 2007 by 85.1 percent. From 2007 to 2012, the rate of aggravated assaults reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County more than tripled from 23.0 per 100,000 persons in the population in 2007 to 86.1 per 100,000 in 2012. During the entire time period examined, the aggravated assault rate in Apache County was much lower than the rate for the state. Figure 10: Reported Aggravated Assault Offense Rate Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 10: Reported Aggravated Assault Offense Rate Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 148.5 154.2 104.2 80.3 80.7 23.0 40.1 59.1 47.4 80.1 86.1 Arizona 368.6 333.9 329.8 318.1 321.0 289.5 271.4 254.0 235.0 235.6 253.0 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 20 Aggravated Assaults with a Firearm During the entire time period examined, the percentage of aggravated assaults involving a firearm in Apache County was less than the percentage of aggravated assaults involving a firearm statewide (Table 4). From 2002 to 2012, the percentage of aggravated assaults involving a firearm in Apache County ranged from a low of 3.6 percent in 2008 to a high of 18.8 percent in 2007. In contrast, the percentage of aggravated assaults involving a firearm in Arizona ranged from a low of 23.1 percent of aggravated assaults in 2011 to a high of 28.7 percent in 2005. Table 4: Aggravated Assaults with a Firearm Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Table 4: Aggravated Assaults with a Firearm Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Apache County Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Aggravated Assaults 100 105 71 55 56 Aggravated Assaults with a Firearm 9 7 9 5 6 Arizona Percent 9.0% 6.7% 12.7% 9.1% 10.7% Total Aggravated Assaults 19,892 18,398 18,643 18,573 19,356 Aggravated Assaults with a Firearm 4,704 4,951 4,934 5,332 5,470 16 3 18.8% 17,858 4,922 28 1 3.6% 17,047 4,853 42 2 4.8% 16,110 3,840 34 4 11.8% 15,074 3,422 58 5 8.6% 15,272 3,531 63 6 9.5% 16,579 3,945 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 21 Percent 23.6% 26.9% 26.5% 28.7% 28.3% 27.6% 28.5% 23.8% 22.7% 23.1% 23.8% Property Index Offense Counts Property index offenses are those where the object of the offense is the taking of money or property, but without the use or threat of force. Arson is included in this category because it is primarily the destruction of property, even though the offense can include the harming of individuals. There was considerable variation in the number of property index offenses reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County from 2002 to 2012 (Figure 11). After a small increase in the number of property index offenses reported to the police from 2002 to 2003, the number of property index offenses reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies decreased by 74.8 percent from 632 property index offenses in 2003 to 159 in 2007. From 2007 to 2012 the number of property offenses reported to the police in Apache County nearly tripled from 159 offenses in 2007 to 448 in 2012. Even with the increase from 2007 to 2012 in the number of property index offenses reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies, in 2012 there were 26.3 percent fewer property index offenses reported to the police than in 2002. Figure 11: Reported Property Index Offenses Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 11: Reported Property Index Offenses Apache County, 2002-2012 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 608 632 454 508 407 159 346 304 368 404 448 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 22 Property Index Offense Rates During the entire time period examined, Apache County’s property index offense rate was lower than the rate for the state (Figure 12). Similar to the trends in the number of property index offenses reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies, after a 74.7 percent decrease in the Apache County property index offense rate from 2002 to 2007, the Apache County property index offense rate generally increased but remained 32.2 percent lower than the property index offense rate in 2002. Figure 12: Reported Property Index Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 12: Reported Property Index Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 903.2 928.4 666.1 741.4 586.5 228.4 495.1 428.1 513.4 558.0 612.1 Arizona 5,826.2 5,639.9 5,365.1 4,781.9 4,672.1 4,492.0 4,173.8 3,651.7 3,530.4 3,511.1 3,433.3 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 23 Property Crime Index Offenses Reported property index offense counts and rates provide criminal justice policymakers and practitioners with objective data on a set of specific property crimes. But like the violent offense index, combining multiple property offenses into a single index can mask significant variation in the types of property crimes being reported to the police. In this section of the Apache County Criminal Justice Data Profile, the property index offenses (burglary, larceny/theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson) and their respective trends over time are reported. Burglary The UCR program defines burglary “as the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft.” Within this offense category there are three types of burglaries that are a function of how the offender entered or attempted to enter the structure: forcible entry, unlawful entry where no force is used, and attempted forcible entry. 9 With the exception of 2007, during the time period examined, the number of burglaries reported each year to Apache County law enforcement agencies were relatively similar, ranging from 127 in 2008 to 164 in 2010 (Figure 13). In 2007, 44 burglaries were reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County, which is 65.4 percent lower than in 2008. Figure 13: Reported Burglaries Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 13: Reported Burglaries Apache County, 2002-2012 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 153 155 128 159 132 44 127 133 164 163 159 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 9 http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/offenses/property_crime/burglary.html 24 From 2002 to 2006, the burglary offense rate for Apache County was relatively stable ranging from a low during that time of 187.8 per 100,000 persons in the population in 2004 to a high of 232.0 in 2005 (Figure 14). From 2006 to 2007, the Apache County burglary offense rate decreased 66.8 percent from 190.2 per 100,000 to 63.2 per 100,000. From 2007 to 2010, the Apache County burglary offense rate more than tripled to 228.8 per 100,000 in the population. Similar to other index offense rates, during the entire time period examined the reported burglary offense rate for Apache County was lower than the rate for the state as a whole. Figure 14: Reported Burglary Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 14: Reported Burglary Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 227.3 227.7 187.8 232.0 190.2 63.2 181.7 187.3 228.8 225.1 217.2 986.2 919.9 913.8 905.3 890.9 815.7 751.0 804.6 768.5 Arizona 1,073.4 1,042.6 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 25 Larceny-Theft Larceny-theft is “the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another.” 10 The types of thefts that are captured in this category include thefts of bicycles, motor vehicle parts and accessories, shoplifting, and pocket-picking. Although attempted larcenies and thefts are included in this offense category, property taken by force and violence or fraud is not. Additionally, motor vehicle theft is not included in this category as it is its own property index offense. After a small increase in the number of larceny-thefts reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies from 2002 to 2003, the number of reported larceny-thefts has declined from a high of 445 in 2003 to a low of 102 in 2007 (Figure 15). Since 2007, the number of burglaries reported to law enforcement in Apache County has generally increased from 102 in 2007 to 236 in 2012. Even though the number of burglaries increased from 2007 to 2012, in 2012 there were 45.2 percent fewer burglaries reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies than in 2002. Figure 15: Reported Larceny-Thefts Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 15: Reported Larceny-Thefts Apache County, 2002-2012 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 431 445 308 313 249 102 205 160 187 206 236 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 10 http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/offenses/property_crime/larceny-theft.html 26 Similar to the data on the number of larceny-thefts reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County, from 2002 to 2007, the Apache County larceny-theft rate generally declined (Figure 16). From 2002 to 2007 the larceny-theft offense rate for Apache County decreased by 77.1 percent from 640.2 per 100,000 in the population in 2002 to 146.5 per 100,000 in 2007. From 2007 to 2012, the Apache County burglary offense rate more than doubled from 146.5 in 2007 to 322.4 in 2012. Like other offense types, during the time period examined the reported larceny-theft rate in Apache County remained lower than the rate for the state as a whole. Figure 16: Reported Larceny-Theft Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 16: Reported Larceny-Theft Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 640.2 653.7 451.9 456.8 358.8 146.5 293.3 225.3 260.9 284.5 322.4 Arizona 3,666.1 3,548.6 3,387.5 2,920.2 2,835.0 2,791.8 2,665.2 2,413.2 2,443.6 2,401.0 2,376.2 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 27 Motor Vehicle Theft Motor vehicle theft is defined by the UCR program as “the theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle.” 11 The types of motor vehicles that are included in this category are only those that operate on land including sport utility vehicles, automobiles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, motor scooters, all-terrain vehicles, and snowmobiles. Not captured in this category are bulldozers, airplanes, farm equipment, construction equipment, or water craft such as motorboats, sailboats, houseboats, or jet skis. From 2002 to 2005, there was significant variation in the number of motor vehicle thefts reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies (Figure 17). From 2005 to 2007 the number of motor vehicle thefts decreased 60.6 percent from 33 to 13. From 2007 to 2012 the number of motor vehicle thefts reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies has remained relatively stable ranging from a high of 16 to a low of 11 during that time. Figure 17: Reported Motor Vehicle Thefts Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 17: Reported Motor Vehicle Thefts Apache County, 2002-2012 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 24 28 17 33 23 13 14 11 16 15 12 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 11 http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/offenses/property_crime/motor_vehicle_theft.html 28 After similar year-to-year variation from 2002 to 2005 in the Apache County motor vehicle theft offense rate, from 2005 to 2012 the Apache County motor vehicle theft rate generally declined (Figure 18). In 2012, the motor vehicle theft rate for Apache County was 66.0 percent lower than in 2005. Additionally, over the entire time period examined, the reported motor vehicle theft rate for Apache County was lower than the rate for the state. Figure 18: Reported Motor Vehicle Theft Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 18: Reported Motor Vehicle Theft Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 35.7 41.1 24.9 48.2 33.1 18.7 20.0 15.5 22.3 20.7 16.4 964.5 912.7 892.1 766.1 587.9 395.1 315.7 286.0 267.5 Arizona 1,054.0 1,020.3 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 29 Arson Arson is defined by the UCR Program as, “any willful or malicious burning or attempting to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another, etc.” 12 Throughout most of the time period examined, there were few arsons reported to law enforcement agencies in Apache County (Figure 19). From 2002 to 2010, there were no more than four arsons reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies in any single year. In contrast, in 2011 and 2012, there were 20 and 41 arsons, respectively, reported to Apache County law enforcement. Figure 19: Reported Arsons Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 19: Reported Arsons Apache County, 2002-2012 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 4 1 3 3 0 0 0 1 20 41 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 12 http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/offenses/property_crime/arson.html 30 Similar to the number of arsons reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies, the Apache County arson rate remained low from 2002 to 2010, ranging from no arsons reported in 2002 to a rate of 5.9 arsons per 100,000 persons in the population in 2003 (Figure 20). In contrast, in 2011 and 2012, the Apache County arson rate was 27.6 and 56.0 per 100,000 persons in the population, respectively. Similar to most other offense types, the Apache County arson rate was lower than the state rate from 2002 to 2010, but in 2011 and 2012, the Apache County arson rate was 29.3 percent and 63.3 percent, respectively, higher than the arson rate for the state as a whole. Figure 20: Reported Arson Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 20: Reported Arson Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 0.0 5.9 1.5 4.4 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 27.6 56.0 Arizona 32.7 28.4 27.0 29.2 31.2 28.8 29.8 27.8 20.0 19.5 21.1 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 Summary In states like Arizona, whose population continues to grow at a rapid pace, it is important that an analysis of crime and the criminal justice systems response include a consideration of both the frequency of crime and the rate of crime. Although the population of Apache County is growing more slowly than the population of the state as a whole, there is still significant value in investigating change at the county level in the frequency of crime and the change in the rate of crime. 31 From 2002 to 2012, the number of violent index offenses reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies have decreased by 35.5 percent (Figure 21). 13 Driving the decrease in the number of violent index offenses reported to the police is the large percentage decrease in the number of aggravated assaults reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies. From 2002 to 2012 there was a 37.7 percent decrease in the number of aggravated assaults reported to local law enforcement from 100 in 2002 to 63 in 2012. In contrast to the violent crime data for Apache County, the number of property index offenses reported to the Apache County law enforcement agencies decreased 26.3 percent from 2002 to 2012. Although the number of burglaries reported to local law enforcement in Apache County increased by 3.9 percent, the number of larceny/thefts and motor vehicle thefts decreased significantly from 2002 to 2012. Figure 21: Percent Change in Violent and Property Index Offense Counts Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 21: Percent Change in Violent and Property Index Offense Counts Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 20% 10% 0% -10% Violent Crime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Property Crime Burglary -20% Larceny Theft Motor Vehicle Theft Arson -30% -40% -50% -60% -70% -80% Apache County Arizona Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002 and 2012 13 Percent change from 2002 to 2012 in the number of reported murders in Apache County could not be calculated because there were no murders reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies in 2002. Similarly, percent change from 2002 to 2012 in the number of arsons in Apache County could not be calculated because there were no arsons reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies in 2002. 32 When controlling for population change, change over time in the violent and property crime rates are similar to the change over time in the frequency of crime. Exceptions to this are seen in the Arizona data on forcible rape and the Apache County data on burglary. Although the number of forcible rapes reported to the police statewide increased from 2002 to 2012, because of increases in the population of the state, the forcible rape rate was lower in 2012 than in 2002. Similarly, even though there were more burglaries reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies in 2012 than in 2002, because of increases in the population of Apache County during this same time, the burglary rate was lower in 2012 than in 2002. This illustrates the value of both the number of crimes and the rate of crimes to local policymakers and practitioners—even though the Apache County burglary rate was lower in 2012 than in 2002, the Apache County criminal justice system is processing more burglaries 2012 than in 2002. Further illustrating the value of county level data, there are several differences between Arizona’s index offense rates and Apache County’s rates. 14 For example, although Arizona’s rate of reported forcible rapes fell by approximately 10 percent from 2002 to 2012, Apache County’s rate of reported forcible rapes decreased by more than 50 percent. In contrast, Arizona’s rate of reported burglaries decreased by almost 30 percent, while at during the same time, Apache County’s rate of reported burglaries decreased less than five percent. Figure 22: Percent Change in Violent and Property Index Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 22: Percent Change in Violent and Property Index Offense Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 0% -10% Violent Crime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Property Crime Burglary Larceny Theft Motor Vehicle Theft Arson -20% -30% -40% -50% -60% -70% -80% Apache County Arizona Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002 and 2012 14 Percent change in the murder rate for Apache County from 2002 to 2012 could not be calculated because there were no murders reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies in 2002. Similarly, percent change in the arson rate for Apache County from 2002 to 2012 could not be calculated because there were no arsons reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies in 2002. 33 Part II Arrest Counts and Rates In addition to data on the eight Part I index offenses that comprise the violent and property indices, DPS also collects information from local law enforcement agencies on arrests for Part II offenses. Part II offenses are typically less serious than Part I offenses and include a range of offenses from simple assault to illegal gambling (see Appendix A for a complete list of Part II offenses). In this section of the Apache County Criminal Justice Data Profile, Part II offense arrests from 2002 to 2012 are summarized. Part II offenses for which there were less than 10 arrests during the time period 2002 to 2012 (e.g., manslaughter by negligence, embezzlement, prostitution, gambling, vagrancy, curfew, loitering) were not included in this report. From 2002 to 2006, the number of arrests in Apache County for all Part II offenses remained relatively stable except for in 2004 (Figure 23). From 2003 to 2004, the number of Part II arrests made by Apache County law enforcement decreased by 38.0 percent before increasing by 40.2 percent from 2004 to 2005. From 2006 to 2007, there was a 64.8 percent decrease in the number of arrests in Apache County for Part II offenses. Although the number of arrests for Part II offenses from 2007 to 2012 has increased from 343 arrests in 2007 to 475 arrests in 2012, the number of arrests made each from 2007 to 2012 were lower than the number of arrests made each year from 2002 to 2006. Figure 23: Part II Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 23: Part II Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 960 1,032 640 897 974 343 349 474 426 416 475 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 34 When controlling for the population of Apache County and change in the population over time, the Part II offense arrest rate trend is similar to the trend in the number of Part II offense arrests. After a small increase in the rate from 2002 to 2003, the Part II offense arrest rate dropped 38.1 percent from 2003 to 2004 (Figure 24). After increasing from 2004 to 2006, the Part II offense arrest rate dropped again by 64.9 percent from 2006 to 2007. From 2007 to 2012, the Part II offense arrest rate has generally increased although the rate remains lower than at any time from 2002 to 2006. Like most other offense types for most years, the Part II offense arrest rate for Apache County was much lower than the Part II offense arrest rate for the state during the entire time period examined. Figure 24: Part II Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 24: Part II Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Crime Rate per 100,000 Residents 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2002 2003 Apache 1,426.0 1,516.0 County 2004 939.0 2005 2006 1,309.1 1,403.7 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 492.8 499.4 667.5 594.3 574.6 649.0 Arizona 4,740.3 4,766.0 4,751.4 4,455.8 4,475.0 4,566.6 4,547.0 4,519.4 4,042.8 3,771.5 4,267.8 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 35 Simple Assaults From 2002 to 2012, the number of arrests made by Apache County law enforcement agencies for simple assault generally decreased (Figure 25). After reaching a high of 101 arrests for simple assault in 2005, the number of simple assault arrests generally decreased and in 2012 was 58.1 percent lower than in 2002. Figure 25: Simple Assault Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 25: Simple Assault Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 98 96 76 101 81 60 88 64 66 47 41 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 36 Similar to the trend in the number of arrests in Apache County for simple assault, the Apache County simple assault arrest rate has generally declined throughout the decade (Figure 26). Except for year-to-year increases in the simple assault arrest rate from 2004 to 2005 and 2007 to 2008, the simple assault arrest rate consistently decreased and in 2012 was 61.5 percent lower than in 2002. Additionally, during the entire time period examined, the simple assault arrest rate in Apache County was lower than the simple assault arrest rate for the state as a whole. Figure 26: Simple Assaults Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 26: Simple Assaults Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 500 Rate per 100,000 Residents 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 145.6 141.0 111.5 147.4 116.7 86.2 125.9 90.1 92.1 64.9 56.0 Arizona 449.1 430.9 418.1 409.6 418.0 408.4 413.3 438.0 406.0 384.8 384.7 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 37 Forgery and Counterfeiting There were relatively few arrests for forgery and counterfeiting in Apache County during the time period examined. The number of arrests for forgery and counterfeiting in Apache County ranged from a low of zero in 2007 and 2009 to a high of five in 2011 (Figure 27). Figure 27: Forgery and Counterfeiting Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 27: Forgery and Counterfeiting Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 3 3 1 4 4 0 1 0 2 5 3 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 38 When adjusting for population and population change over time, from 2002 to 2006 the forgery and counterfeiting arrest rate in Apache County remained relatively stable (Figure 28). From 2006 to 2009, the forgery and counterfeiting arrest rate in Apache County generally declined. Throughout the time period examined the forgery and counterfeiting arrest rate for Apache County remained lower than the rate for the state. Figure 28: Forgery and Counterfeiting Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 28: Forgery and Counterfeiting Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 4.5 4.4 1.5 5.8 5.8 0.0 1.4 0.0 2.8 6.9 4.1 Arizona 54.5 51.6 55.6 48.1 52.1 72.5 51.3 38.3 30.8 28.6 25.6 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 39 Fraud Similar to the data on forgery and counterfeiting, there were few arrests for fraud made by Apache County law enforcement agencies during the time period examined. After doubling from six arrests in 2002 to 13 arrests in 2003, the number of arrests for fraud in Apache have remained relatively low (Figure 29). During the time period examined, the number of fraud arrests ranged from a low of one arrest in 2004, 2007, and 2009 to a high of 13 in 2003. Figure 29: Fraud Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 29: Fraud Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 6 13 1 4 6 1 2 1 4 3 5 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 40 The trend in the Apache County fraud arrest rate mimics the trend in the number of arrests for fraud (Figure 30). After increases in the fraud arrest rate from 2002 to 2003 and 2004 to 2006, the fraud arrest rate remained relatively low through 2012. During the entire time period examined, the fraud arrest rate in Apache County was lower than the fraud arrest rate for the state. Figure 30: Fraud Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 30: Fraud Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 8.9 19.1 1.5 5.8 8.6 1.4 2.9 1.4 5.6 4.1 6.8 Arizona 38.6 40.9 41.1 34.7 34.7 33.0 37.7 35.6 33.0 33.7 35.9 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 41 Stolen Property From 2002 to 2012, there were relatively few arrests for stolen property in Apache County (Figure 31). During the time period examined, the number of arrests for stolen property in Apache County ranged from a low of zero in 2004 and 2008, to a high of 5 in 2003. Figure 31: Stolen Property Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 31: Stolen Property Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2 5 0 3 2 1 0 2 1 2 2 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 42 After controlling for the population of Apache County and change over time in the county’s population, the county’s stolen property arrest rate remained relatively low and was much lower than the arrest rate for the state for the entire time period examined (Figure 32). Figure 32: Stolen Property Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 32: Stolen Property Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 3.0 7.3 0.0 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.0 2.8 1.4 2.8 2.7 Arizona 30.9 29.5 26.1 28.2 24.0 21.3 20.5 19.5 18.4 19.5 19.9 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 43 Vandalism With the exception of a significant two-year spike in the number of arrests for vandalism in Apache County from 2004 to 2006, the number of arrests for vandalism generally declined from 2002 to 2012 (Figure 33). From 2004 to 2006, the number of arrests for vandalism by Apache County law enforcement agencies increased by more than three times from 15 arrests in 2004 to 63 arrests in 2006. From 2006 to 2007 the number of arrests for vandalism in Apache County decreased by 93.7 percent from 63 arrests in 2006 to 4 arrests in 2007. Even though the number of arrests for vandalism increased from 2007 to 2012, the number of arrests for vandalism in 2012 was approximately one-third the number of arrests for vandalism in 2002. Figure 33: Vandalism Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 33: Vandalism Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 28 23 15 30 63 4 2 9 8 9 10 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 44 When controlling for the population of Apache County and the change in population over time, the Apache County vandalism arrest rate was lower than the vandalism arrest rate for the state for the entire time period examined (Figure 34). At its highest point in 2006, the Apache County vandalism arrest rate was still 51.5 percent lower than the state rate. Figure 34: Vandalism Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 34: Vandalism Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 250 200 150 100 50 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 41.6 33.8 22.0 43.8 90.8 5.7 2.9 12.7 11.2 12.4 13.7 Arizona 172.7 174.5 177.5 178.7 187.1 190.4 186.8 195.9 180.5 176.2 170.5 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 45 Weapons There were relatively few weapons arrests in Apache County from 2002 to 2012 (Figure 35). During the time period examined, the number of weapon arrests in Apache County ranged from a low of one in 2002 and 2009 to a high of nine in 2006. Figure 35: Weapons Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 35: Weapons Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1 3 8 5 9 3 3 1 5 3 5 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 46 Even though the number and rate of arrests for weapons offenses in Apache County generally increased from 2002 to 2006, the Apache County weapons arrest rate remained lower than the state rate for the entire time period examined (Figure 36). Figure 36: Weapons Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 36: Weapons Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 1.5 4.4 11.7 7.3 13.0 4.3 4.3 1.4 7.0 4.1 6.8 Arizona 56.0 57.8 59.7 58.0 61.9 60.6 58.7 50.7 43.5 38.0 35.8 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 47 Sex Offenses Generally speaking, from 2002 to 2009 the number of Part II sex offense arrests in Apache County decreased (Figure 37). From 2009 to 2011, the number of arrests for a sex offense increased, but remains lower than in 2002. During the time period examined, the number of Part II sex offense arrests ranged from a high of 16 in 2003 to a low of one in 2009. Figure 37: Sex Offense Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 37: Sex Offense Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 13 16 7 10 8 4 4 1 4 6 5 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 48 After a slight increase from 2002 to 2003, the Part II sex offense arrest rate decreased from 2003 to 2009 (Figure 38). Although the sex offense arrest rate in Apache County increased from 2009 to 2012, the county’s Part II sex offense arrest rate remained lower than the state rate for the entire time period examined. Figure 38: Sex Offense Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 38: Sex Offense Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 19.3 23.5 10.3 14.6 11.5 5.7 5.7 1.4 5.6 8.3 6.8 Arizona 34.8 33.0 33.8 30.5 25.3 28.0 28.4 30.3 26.2 26.9 28.3 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 49 Sale or Manufacturing of Drugs After peaking in 2003, the number of arrests for the sale or manufacturing of drugs by Apache County law enforcement agencies has decreased significantly (Figure 39). During the time period examined, the number of arrests for the sale or manufacturing of drugs ranged from a high of 61 arrests in 2003 to a low of one arrest in 2011 and 2012. Figure 39: Sale or Manufacturing of Drug Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 39: Sale or Manufacturing of Drug Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 33 61 8 24 4 3 3 6 6 1 1 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 50 From 2002 to 2012, the Apache County arrest rate trend for the sale or manufacture of drugs mimicked the trend in the number of arrests (Figure 40). Although the Apache County arrest rate for the sale or manufacture of drugs in 2003 was similar to the 2003 state arrest rate for the sale or manufacture of drugs, the Apache County rate remained lower than the state rate during the entire time period examined. Figure 40: Drug Sale or Manufacturing Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 40: Drug Sale or Manufacturing Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 49.0 89.6 11.7 35.0 5.8 4.3 4.3 8.4 8.4 1.4 1.4 Arizona 93.9 100.2 86.3 69.4 76.4 81.3 70.1 70.6 65.0 66.9 57.6 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 51 Possession of Drugs From 2002 to 2007, the number of drug possession arrests made by Apache County law enforcement agencies fell from 160 arrests in 2002 to 15 in 2007 (Figure 41). Since 2007 the number of drug possession arrests by Apache County law enforcement agencies has increased. After falling 90.6 percent from 2002 to 2007, the number of drug possession arrests has increased from 2007 to 2012 by more than two times. Even with increases in the number of arrests for drug possession from 2010 to 2012, in 2012, the number of drug possession arrests in Apache County was 65.6 percent lower than in 2002. Figure 41: Drug Possession Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 41: Drug Possession Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 160 115 121 96 95 15 43 39 22 31 55 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 52 From 2002 to 2012, the drug possession arrest rate in Apache County has generally decreased (Figure 42). During this time, the drug possession arrest rate in Apache County fell by 68.4 from 237.7 arrests per 100,000 in 2002 to 75.1 arrests per 100,000 in 2012. During the entire time period examined, the Apache County drug possession arrest rate remained lower than the state rate. Figure 42: Drug Possession Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 42: Drug Possession Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 237.7 168.9 177.5 140.1 136.9 21.6 61.5 54.9 30.7 42.8 75.1 Arizona 461.1 505.7 553.6 552.3 519.0 503.2 478.1 489.9 433.2 419.8 383.9 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 53 Offenses against Family/Children After reaching a peak in 2004 of 28 arrests, the number of arrests made by Apache County law enforcement agencies for offenses against family or children decreased by 75.0 percent to seven arrests in 2007 (Figure 43). Since 2007 the number of arrests for offenses against family or children has remained relatively stable, except for a single year increase in 2011 and subsequent decrease in 2012. Figure 43: Offenses Against Family/Children Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 43: Offenses Against Family/Children Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 25 19 28 23 12 7 12 12 11 17 9 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 54 After reaching a peak in 2004 of 41.1 arrests per 100,000 persons in the population, the offenses against family/children arrest rate fell to 10.1 per 100,000 in 2007 (Figure 44). Although the arrest rate has increased slightly since 2007, the rate remains well below the high set in 2004. Throughout the time period examined, the arrest rate for offenses against family or children in Apache County was lower than the rate for the state as whole. Figure 44: Offenses Against Family/Children Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 44: Offenses Against Family/Children Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 37.1 27.9 41.1 33.6 17.3 10.1 17.2 16.9 15.3 23.5 12.3 Arizona 53.4 60.8 58.0 63.5 56.6 57.5 50.2 47.9 41.9 43.0 48.2 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 55 Driving Under the Influence (DUI) With the exception of a large two-year increase from 2004 to 2006 in the number of arrests for driving under the influence, and a corresponding decrease from 2006 to 2007, the number of arrests for DUI made by Apache County law enforcement agencies from 2002 to 2012 remained relative stable (Figure 45). During the time period examined, the number of arrests made by Apache County law enforcement agencies for driving under the influence reached a high of 138 arrests in 2006 and a low of 28 arrests in 2008. Figure 45: DUI Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 45: DUI Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 45 66 43 96 138 40 28 39 31 42 33 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 56 Throughout the decade, the DUI arrest rate in Apache County was lower than the DUI arrest rate for the state (Figure 46). Even though the state DUI arrest rate decreased during most of the time period examined, the Apache County rate tripled from 2004 to 2006, but then decreased by 71.1 percent from 2006 to 2007. From 2007 to 2012, the Apache County driving under the influence arrest rate remained relatively stable. Figure 46: DUI Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 46: DUI Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 900 Rate per 100,000 Residents 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 66.8 97.0 63.1 140.1 198.9 57.5 40.1 54.9 43.3 58.0 45.1 Arizona 773.7 717.5 679.3 605.8 595.1 637.3 636.8 627.8 592.2 553.9 503.4 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 57 Liquor Law Violations From 2002 to 2012 Apache County experienced significant decreases in the number of arrests for liquor law violations (Figure 47). Although there were significant year-to-year increases in the number of arrests for liquor law violations in Apache County from 2004 to 2007, the number of liquor law violation arrests made by Apache County law enforcement agencies in 2012 was 72.6 percent lower than the number of arrests that were made in 2002. Figure 47: Liquor Law Violation Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 47: Liquor Law Violation Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 113 100 40 77 94 35 39 45 37 25 31 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 58 From 2002 to 2012, the liquor law violation arrest rate for Apache County was consistently lower than the arrest rate for the state (Figure 48). Additionally, both Arizona and Apache County experienced decreases in the liquor law violation arrest rate early in the time period examined, followed by multi-year increases in the arrest rate during the middle part of the time period examined. By 2012, the state and Apache County arrest rate had decreased again ending the time period examined 33.2 percent and 74.7 percent, respectively, lower than their respective rates in 2002. Figure 48: Liquor Law Violations Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 48: Liquor Law Violations Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 167.9 146.9 58.7 112.4 135.5 50.3 55.8 63.4 51.6 34.5 42.4 Arizona 469.8 460.0 430.5 384.5 418.4 455.6 483.2 481.9 397.5 345.7 313.7 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 59 Disorderly Conduct From 2002 to 2012, there were significant year-to-year changes in the number of arrests made by Apache County law enforcement agencies for disorderly conduct (Figure 49). During the time period examined, the highest number of arrests for disorderly conduct in Apache County was 106 in 2009 and the lowest number of arrests was 31 in 2007. Figure 49: Disorderly Conduct Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 49: Disorderly Conduct Arrests Apache County, 2002-2012 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 92 104 49 72 83 31 41 106 90 53 68 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 60 During the time period examined, the Apache County disorderly conduct arrest rate was lower than the rate for the state for the entire period (Figure 50). Additionally, although there was significant year-to-year variation in the Apache County disorderly conduct arrest rate during this time, the rate was 32.0 percent lower in 2012 than in 2002. Figure 50: Disorderly Conduct Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Figure 50: Disorderly Conduct Arrest Rates Apache County and Arizona, 2002-2012 Rate per 100,000 Residents 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Apache County 136.7 152.8 71.9 105.1 119.6 44.5 58.7 149.3 125.6 73.2 92.9 Arizona 319.6 315.8 308.6 291.2 294.0 283.4 293.0 302.4 279.0 272.7 249.8 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona, 2002-2012 61 Court and Probation Data The judicial system in Arizona is large and complex. It consists of a series of courts, which include appellate courts, superior courts, justice courts, and municipal courts and an array of support services, which assist the court in the processing of cases. In this section of the Apache County criminal justice data profile, data from the county’s superior court, justice court, and municipal courts for the years 2002 through 2012 are summarized. Superior Court From 2002 to 2012 the number of cases filed in Apache County Superior Court increased by 30.7 percent (Table 5). During this same time, the number of cases filed in Superior Courts statewide increased by 16.3 percent. More recently, since 2007 the number of cases filed in Apache County Superior Court has decreased by 13.2 percent. In contrast, although there were some significant year-to-year changes in the number of cases filed in Superior Courts statewide, the number of cases filed in Superior Courts statewide was nearly the same in 2012 as the number of cases filed statewide in 2007. Table 5: Total Case Filings in Superior Court, FY2002-FY2012 Table 5: Total Case Filings in Superior Court, FY2002 – FY2012 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 750 876 1,065 1,044 1,081 1,117 1,130 867 807 894 % % 2012 Change Change 07-12 02-12 980 Arizona 181,680 192,129 204,681 205,516 208,847 211,380 223,676 243,867 243,179 235,386 211,350 -13.2% 30.7% No Change 16.3% From 2002 to 2012, the number of felony filings in Apache County Superior Court increased by 43.6 percent (Table 6). During this same time, the number of felony filings statewide increased by 11.3%. More recently, from 2007 to 2012 the number of felony filings increased by 7.6 percent in Apache County, which contrasts with a 12.3 percent decrease in the number of felony filings statewide. Table 6: Total Felony Filings in Superior Court, FY2002-FY2012 Table 6: Total Felony Filings in Superior Court, FY2002 – FY2012 Apache County Arizona 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 218 270 360 344 340 291 302 232 197 210 313 45,332 50,884 54,420 54,426 57,885 57,551 59,385 55,299 50,446 49,166 50,456 62 % % Change Change 07-12 02-12 7.6% 43.6% -12.3% 11.3% Justice Courts From 2002 to 2012, the total number of cases filed in Apache County Justice Courts decreased by 21.7 percent (Table 7). During this time, the number of criminal traffic cases decreased by 16.7 percent, the number of non-traffic misdemeanor cases decreased by 25.5 percent, and the number of “other” (i.e., civil traffic, small claims, forcible detainer, and other civil) cases filed decreased by 24.8 percent. In contrast, the number of felony cases filed in Apache County Justice Courts from 2002 to 2012 increased by 36.9 percent. During this same time, the number of criminal traffic, nontraffic misdemeanors, felony, and “other” cases filed in Justice Courts statewide all decreased. Table 7: Total Justice Court Case Filings, FY2002-FY2012 Table 7: Total Justice Court Case Filings, FY2002 – FY2012 15 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % Change 07-12 % Change 02-12 1,837 2,336 2,049 1,919 2,490 2,187 1,955 1,826 2,111 1,858 1,530 -30.0% -16.7% 1,062 844 944 711 857 836 1,024 951 755 640 791 -5.4% -25.5% Felony 439 471 716 698 590 607 667 553 533 454 601 -1.0% 36.9% Other 9,858 9,030 9,559 8,215 10,771 9,883 9,302 9,125 8,758 9,316 7,416 -25.0% -24.8% Total 13,196 12,681 13,268 11,543 14,708 13,513 12,948 12,455 12,157 12,268 10,338 -23.5% -21.7% 98,607 104,974 105,277 109,946 122,095 145,849 139,367 134,327 117,978 101,489 96,692 -33.7% -1.9% 121,428 122,891 116,582 115,695 127,437 119,400 116,382 106,549 97,752 95,531 89,803 -24.8% -26.0% Felony 39,112 26,209 27,008 27,117 27,869 27,250 24,149 22,597 20,646 19,422 20,998 -22.9% -46.3% Other 876,940 862,413 848,721 856,153 885,441 916,666 923,992 935,155 912,510 828,446 581,807 -36.5% -33.7% 789,300 -34.7% -30.5% Criminal Traffic NonTraffic Misd. Criminal Traffic NonTraffic Misd. Arizona Total 1,136,087 1,116,487 1,097,588 1,108,911 1,162,842 1,209,165 1,203,890 1,198,628 1,148,886 1,044,888 Civil traffic cases and non-criminal ordinance violations (e.g., parking tickets) are also included in the total case filings column of this table. Because the purpose of this report is to describe crime trends, only criminal traffic and non-traffic misdemeanor filings are reported separately from the other case types filed in Justice Courts. 15 63 Municipal Courts The total number of cases filed in Apache County Municipal Courts decreased by 29.9 percent from 2002 to 2012 (Table 8). During this time, the number of criminal traffic cases filed in Apache County Municipal Courts decreased by 15.4 percent while the number of non-traffic misdemeanor cases filed increased by 14.9 percent. In contrast, the total number of cases filed in Municipal Courts statewide from 2002 to 2012 decreased by 7.9 percent and the number of criminal traffic and non-traffic misdemeanor cases filed statewide decreased by 23.0 and 4.7 percent, respectively. Table 8: Total Municipal Court Case Filings, FY2002-FY2012 Table 8: Total Municipal Court Case Filings, FY2002 – FY2012 16 Apache County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % % Change Change 07-12 02-12 201 261 228 196 319 329 222 267 215 184 170 -48.3% -15.4% 495 716 593 575 524 599 494 700 599 521 569 -5.0% 1,747 2,015 1,638 1,464 1,598 1,783 1,566 1,969 1,751 1,481 1,225 -31.3% -29.9% 168,537 173,246 172,825 171,258 179,625 178,786 168,933 160,073 136,062 121,061 -32.6% -23.0% 233,507 234,139 238,156 237,418 242,080 243,032 244,990 240,481 215,392 208,879 -13.7% -4.7% Total 1,360,306 1,468,863 1,439,452 1,469,243 1,451,725 1,532,792 1,658,230 1,557,948 1,436,526 1,306,239 1,253,047 -18.3% -7.9% Criminal Traffic NonTraffic Misd. Total Arizona Criminal 157,274 Traffic NonTraffic 219,166 Misd. +14.9% Civil traffic cases and non-criminal ordinance violations (e.g., parking tickets) are also included in the total case filings column of this table. Because the purpose of the report is to describe crime trends, only criminal traffic and non-traffic misdemeanor filings are reported separately from the other case types filed in Municipal Court. 16 64 Probation The information provided in this section of the Apache County Criminal Justice Data Profile focuses on adult offenders on standard and intensive probation and reflects the number of probationers on the last day of the fiscal year. It is also important to note that the numbers included in this section’s tables and figures are cumulative totals; in other words, the number of probationers reported in these data are not only those sentenced to probation during that year, but also include those currently under probation supervision at the end of each fiscal year irrespective of when they were sentenced to probation. Adult Standard Probation The purpose of standard probation in Arizona is to protect the public through effective community-based supervision and enforcement of court orders and to provide offenders opportunities to initiate positive changes in their lives. Standard probation is a less restrictive form of probation than intensive probation and those placed on this type of supervision are deemed to be at lower risk for re-offending than those on intensive probation. Minimum supervision requirements of standard probationers are set by A.R.S. § 12- 253(2) and vary according to supervision level (i.e., maximum, medium, and minimum). Each probation department also has the authority to implement more stringent supervision requirements than are established by state statute. From 2002 to 2012 the number of standard probationers under direct supervision in Apache County increased by 71.5 percent (Table 9). The increase in the number of standard probationers under direct supervision in Apache County mostly occurred from 2002 to 2009. Since 2009, the number of standard probationers under direct supervision in Apache County has stayed relatively consistent. From 2002 to 2009 the number of standard probationers under direct supervision statewide increased by less than one percent. During the time period examined, the number of standard probationers statewide peaked in 2007 and decreased by 7.6 percent from 2007 to 2012. Table 9: Number of Standard Probationers Under Direct Supervision in Apache County and Arizona, FY2002-FY2012 Table 9: Number of Standard Probationers Under Direct Supervision in Apache County and Arizona, FY2002 – FY2011 Apache County Arizona 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 % % Change Change 07-12 02-12 207 211 248 239 253 297 320 369 372 353 355 +19.5% +71.5% 35,509 33,071 33,880 34,229 37,105 38,585 37,035 36,120 37,802 35,947 35,666 65 -7.6% +0.4% Restitution and Community Service Two of the most common conditions placed on probationers are restitution and community service. These conditions require probationers to repay the financial harm they have caused their victims (i.e., restitution) and engage in service to the communities in which they live (i.e., community service). From 2002 to 2012, the amount of restitution collected from offenders on standard probation in Apache County ranged from $8,549 in 2010 to $146,313 in 2008 (Table 10). No amount of restitution collected from standard probationers in Apache County was reported to the Administrative Office of the Courts in 2011 and 2012. Still, during this time, the total amount of restitution collected from standard probationers supervised in Apache County was $476,589. During the same time, $1,779,275 in restitution, reimbursement of criminal justice system costs, fines/surcharges, and probation fees were collected from offenders on standard probation in Apache County. Table 10: Dollar Amount Collected from Standard Probationers in Apache County, FY2002-FY2012 Table 10: Dollar Amount Collected from Standard Probationers in Apache County, FY2002 – FY2012 Restitution Total Collections* 2002 $49,679 $149,292 2003 $36,353 $142,346 2004 $50,936 $184,460 2005 $52,606 $259,313 2006 $49,572 $206,663 2007 $42,562 $238,669 2008 $146,313 $343,981 2009 $40,019 $204,848 2010 $8,549 $49,703 2011 $0 $0 2012 $0 $0 Total $476,587 $1,179,275 *Total collections include restitution to victims, reimbursement of criminal justice system costs, fines/surcharges, and probation fees paid. 66 In 2012, standard adult probationers in Apache County performed 10,570 hours of community service, which was the high for the time period examined (Figure 51). 17 From 2002 to 2012, standard probationers in Apache County performed 72,182 hours of community service, which at the minimum wage in Arizona at the time this report was written ($7.90/hour), totaled $570,237.80 of work performed by standard probationers in Apache County. Figure 51: Community Service Hours Completed by Standard Probationers in Apache County, FY2002-FY2012 Figure 51: Community Service Hours Completed by Standard Probationers in Apache County, FY2002 - FY2012 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Apache County 17 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 7,004 8,978 7,526 7,810 5,746 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 7,770 8,073 8,705 10,570 The AOC did not include community service hour data in its 2007 and 2008 online data reports. 67 Adult Intensive Probation Adult Intensive Probation Supervision is a sentencing alternative that provides a higher degree of control, intervention, and surveillance than standard probation for convicted offenders who would otherwise be incarcerated in the Arizona Department of Corrections, or as a result of a technical violation of standard probation. This type of probation provides intensive supervision through probation officer or surveillance officer teams of two or three persons. Intensive Probation requires supervision teams to have face-to-face contact with probationers a minimum of 4-16 times per month, depending on which phase of the program the probationer is in. As is the case with the supervision requirements of standard probationers, each county’s probation department has the authority to establish more stringent supervision requirements than are established by statute. From 2002 to 2012 the number of convicted offenders on intensive probation in Apache County increased by 6.8 percent (Table 11). Although there was little change in the number of convicted offenders on intensive probation in Apache County from 2002 to 2012, there was significant year-to-year variation in the number of convicted offenders on intensive probation in Apache County. During the time period examined, the number of intensive probationers in Apache County ranged from a low of 33 in 2011 to a high of 59 in 2008. In contrast to the small increase in the number of intensive probationers being supervised in Apache County, during that same time, the number of offenders on intensive probation statewide decreased by 30.5 percent. Table 11: Number of Intensive Probationers in Apache County and Arizona, FY2002-FY2012 Table 11: Number of Intensive Probationers in Apache County and Arizona, FY2002 – FY2012 Apache County Arizona % % 2012 Change Change 07-12 02-12 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 44 38 36 38 52 50 59 40 41 33 47 -6.0% +6.8% 3,085 2,400 2,923 3,011 2,879 2,677 2,496 2,283 2,077 2,152 2,143 -19.9% -30.5% 68 Restitution and Community Service From 2002 to 2012, the amount of restitution collected from offenders on intensive probation in Apache County ranged from $820 in 2010 to $15,341 in 2004 (Table 12). No restitution was reported to the Administrative Office of the Courts as being collected from intensive probationers in 2011 and 2012. Still, during the time period examined, the total amount of restitution collected from intensive probationers supervised in Apache County was $52,913. During the same time, $381,679 in restitution, reimbursement of criminal justice system costs, fines/surcharges, and probation fees were collected from offenders on intensive probation in Apache County. Table 12: Dollar Amount Collected from Intensive Probationers in Apache County, FY2002-FY2012 Table 12: Dollar Amount Collected from Intensive Probationers in Apache County, FY2002 – FY2012 2002 Restitution Total Collections* $6,257 $48,400 2003 $5,101 $35,906 2004 $15,341 $46,455 2005 $5,639 $50,964 2006 $5,416 $34,433 2007 $3,640 $30,610 2008 $5,799 $70,334 2009 $4,900 $54,216 2010 $820 $10,361 2011 $0 $0 2012 $0 $0 Total $52,913 $381,679 *Total collections include restitution to victims, reimbursement of criminal justice system costs, fines/surcharges, and probation fees paid. 69 From 2002 to 2012, standard probationers in Apache County performed 56,053 hours of community service, which at the minimum wage in Arizona at the time this report was written ($7.90/hour), totaled $442,818.70 of work performed by standard probationers in Apache County (Figure 52)18. C Figure 52: Community Service Hours Completed by Intensive Probationers in Apache County, FY2002-FY2012 Figure 52: Community Service Hours Completed by Intensive Probationers in Apache County, FY2002 - FY2012 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Apache County 18 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 8,345 5,550 5,664 5,616 6,265 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 6,842 5,783 5,150 6,838 The AOC did not include community service hour data in its 2007 and 2009 online data report. 70 Corrections Data The Arizona Department of Corrections (ADC) houses criminal offenders convicted of felonies in Arizona and sentenced to state confinement. The ADC also maintains separate sections for juveniles sentenced to prison by Arizona’s criminal courts. Currently, ADC is responsible for 10 prison complexes across Arizona. Additionally, the department utilizes and monitors six private prisons in Arizona. From 2002 to 2012, there were 664 individuals released from ADC to Apache County (Figure 53). In 2007, the number of individuals released from ADC custody to Apache County reached a high of 75, but since that time the number has generally declined. Figure 53: Department of Corrections Releases to Apache County, 2002-2012 Figure 53: Department of Corrections Releases to Apache County, 2002 - 2012 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Apache County FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY 2012 53 50 48 52 73 71 75 52 69 66 69 57 Conclusion This inaugural edition of the Apache County Criminal Justice System Data Profile contains data for the period 2002 to 2012 from DPS on crimes reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies and arrests made by those agencies, data from the AOC on court and probation activity, and ADC data on inmates released to Apache County. Creating county criminal justice data profiles recognizes that much of the criminal justice system’s response to crime occurs at the county level (e.g., county attorneys, county probation, and county superior courts). The findings in this report reveal that the number of all index offenses reported to local law enforcement in Apache County, both violent and property, decreased between 2002 and 2012. The sole exception to this trend is the number of burglaries reported to the police, which increased from 153 in 2002 to 159 in 2012. Because the population of Arizona and Apache County is increasing, it is imperative that an analysis of the crime problem and the criminal justice systems response include a review of both the frequency of crime and the rate of crime. Illustrating the value of this approach, even though the number of burglaries reported to Apache County law enforcement agencies was higher in 2012 than in 2002, when controlling for the population of the county, the burglary rate in 2012 was 4.4 percent lower than the rate in 2002. This report also examines changes in Apache County courts and probation data over the last decade. The number of cases filed in Apache County Superior Court decreased by 30.7 percent from 2002 to 2012, while the number of cases filed in Superior Courts statewide increased by 16.3 percent during this same time. This time period also saw the total number of cases filed in Apache County Justice Courts decrease even though the number of felony cases filed in Apache County Justice Courts increased. The number of cases filed in the Apache County Municipal Courts also decreased from 2002 to 2012. From 2002 to 2012, the number of individuals who are on standard or intensive probation in Apache County increased by 71.5 percent and 6.8 percent, respectively. In contrast, the number of individuals on standard probation statewide increased by 0.4 percent, while the number of individuals on intensive probation statewide decreased by 30.5 percent. From 2002 to 2007, the number of individuals released from ADC to Apache County increased, but has since decreased. During the entire time period examined, there were 664 individuals released to Apache County. Having data on the activities of the criminal justice system at the county level can help county and municipal agencies better understand the short and long term trends in 72 crime and the criminal justice system’s response and inform policy and practice in their jurisdiction. Although it is impossible to include every piece of data relevant to the work of the Apache County criminal justice system, The Apache County Criminal Justice Data Profile provides the foundational data necessary to implement data-driven decision making and evidence-based practice. 73 Appendix A – Part II Offenses Other assaults (simple) ―Assaults and attempted assaults which are not of an aggravated nature and do not result in serious injury to the victim. Forgery and counterfeiting ―The altering, copying, or imitating of something, without authority or right, with the intent to deceive or defraud by passing the copy or thing altered or imitated as that which is original or genuine; or the selling, buying, or possession of an altered, copied, or imitated thing with the intent to deceive or defraud. Attempts are included. Fraud ―The intentional perversion of the truth for the purpose of inducing another person or other entity in reliance upon it to part with something of value or to surrender a legal right. Fraudulent conversion and obtaining of money or property by false pretenses. Confidence games and bad checks, except forgeries and counterfeiting, are included. Embezzlement ―The unlawful misappropriation or misapplication by an offender to his/her own use or purpose of money, property, or some other thing of value entrusted to his/her care, custody, or control. Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing ―Buying, receiving, possessing, selling, concealing, or transporting any property with the knowledge that it has been unlawfully taken, as by burglary, embezzlement, fraud, larceny, robbery, etc. Attempts are included. Vandalism ―To willfully or maliciously destroy, injure, disfigure, or deface any public or private property, real or personal, without the consent of the owner or person having custody or control by cutting, tearing, breaking, marking, painting, drawing, covering with filth, or any other such means as may be specified by local law. Attempts are included. Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. ―The violation of laws or ordinances prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession, concealment, or use of firearms, cutting instruments, explosives, incendiary devices, or other deadly weapons. Attempts are included. Prostitution and commercialized vice ―The unlawful promotion of or participation in sexual activities for profit, including attempts. Sex offenses (except forcible rape, prostitution, and commercialized vice) ―Statutory rape, offenses against chastity, common decency, morals, and the like. Attempts are included. 74 Drug abuse violations ―The violation of laws prohibiting the production, distribution, and/or use of certain controlled substances. The unlawful cultivation, manufacture, distribution, sale, purchase, use, possession, transportation, or importation of any controlled drug or narcotic substance. Arrests for violations of state and local laws, specifically those relating to the unlawful possession, sale, use, growing, manufacturing, and making of narcotic drugs. The following drug categories are specified: opium or cocaine and their derivatives (morphine, heroin, codeine); marijuana; synthetic narcotics ―manufactured narcotics that can cause true addiction (demerol, methadone); and dangerous non-narcotic drugs (barbiturates, benzedrine). Gambling ―To unlawfully bet or wager money or something else of value; assist, promote, or operate a game of chance for money or some other stake; possess or transmit wagering information; manufacture, sell, purchase, possess, or transport gambling equipment, devices, or goods; or tamper with the outcome of a sporting event or contest to gain a gambling advantage. Offenses against the family and children ―Unlawful nonviolent acts by a family member (or legal guardian) that threaten the physical, mental, or economic well-being or morals of another family member and that are not classifiable as other offenses, such as Assault or Sex Offenses. Attempts are included. Driving under the influence ―Driving or operating a motor vehicle or common carrier while mentally or physically impaired as the result of consuming an alcoholic beverage or using a drug or narcotic. Liquor laws ―The violation of state or local laws or ordinances prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession, or use of alcoholic beverages, not including driving under the influence and drunkenness. Federal violations are excluded. Drunkenness ―To drink alcoholic beverages to the extent that one’s mental faculties and physical coordination are substantially impaired. Excludes driving under the influence. Disorderly conduct ―Any behavior that tends to disturb the public peace or decorum, scandalize the community, or shock the public sense of morality. Vagrancy ―The violation of a court order, regulation, ordinance, or law requiring the withdrawal of persons from the streets or other specified areas; prohibiting persons from remaining in an area or place in an idle or aimless manner; or prohibiting persons from going from place to place without visible means of support. All other offenses ―All violations of state or local laws not specifically identified as Part I or Part II offenses, except traffic violations. 75 Suspicion ―Arrested for no specific offense and released without formal charges being placed. Curfew and loitering laws (persons under age 18) ―Violations by juveniles of local curfew or loitering ordinances. Runaways (persons under age 18) ―Limited to juveniles taken into protective custody under the provisions of local statutes 76